action+forms

φέρω ([dialect] Locr. [full] φάρω [ᾰ], IG9(1).334.5 (Oeanthea, v. B.C.)), only [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. (late 1 [tense] aor. [ per.] 3pl.

A

ἤφεραν IG3.1379

), Il.21.458, etc.: [dialect] Ep. forms, [ per.] 2pl. imper.

φέρτε Il.9.171

; [ per.] 2sg. subj.

φέρῃσθα Call.Dian. 144

; [ per.] 3sg. subj.

φέρῃσι Il.18.308

, Od.5.164, al.; [dialect] Ep. inf.

φερέμεν Il.9.411

, al.: [tense] impf. ἔφερον, [dialect] Ep.

φέρον 3.245

; also φέρεσκε, φέρεσκον ([ per.] 3pl.), Od.9.429, 10.108.

II [tense] fut.

οἴσω Il.7.82

, etc.; [dialect] Dor.

οἰσῶ Theoc.3.11

; [ per.] 1pl.

οἰσεῦμες Id.15.133

; [ per.] 3pl. ηοίσοντι Tab.Heracl.1.150: the foll. act. forms are not [tense] fut. in sense, imper.

οἶσε Od.22.106

, 481, Ar.Ach. 1099, 1101, 1122, Ra. 482;

οἰσέτω Il.19.173

, Od.8.255; [ per.] 3pl.

οἰσόντων Antim.15

; inf.

οἴσειν Pi.P.4.102

, [dialect] Ep.

οἰσέμεν Od.3.429

,

οἰσέμεναι Il.3.120

, Od.8.399, etc.: [tense] aor. 1 inf.

οἶσαι Ph.1.611

codd. ( ἀν-οῖσαι is prob. in Hdt.1.157):—[voice] Med., [tense] fut.

οἴσομαι Il.22.217

, S.El. 969, etc. (in pass. sense, E.Or. 440, X.Oec.18.6; so [dialect] Dor.

οἰσεῖται Archim.Fluit.1.7

, al.): [tense] fut. [voice] Pass.

οἰσθήσομαι D.44.45

, Arist. Ph. 205a13, Archim.Fluit.1.3, al., ([etym.] ἐξ-) E.Supp. 561:—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf.

προοῖσται Luc.Par.2

; cf. οἰστέον, οἰστός ([etym.] ἀν-οιστός).

III from ἐνεγκ- (not found in Hom. or Hdt., exc. as v.l. in Il.19.194, but in Pi.O.13.66, I.8(7).21, ([etym.] προς-) Id.P.9.36, also B.16.62, and normal in [dialect] Att. and Trag., also in codd.Hp., Epid.1.1.2, al.) come [tense] aor. 1 ἤνεγκα, and [tense] aor. 2 ἤνεγκον:—Indic., [ per.] 1sg.

ἤνεγκον S.OC 521

(lyr.), 964, Ar.Ra. 1299, Th. 742, Lys. 944, ([etym.] δι-) Isoc.18.59, but

ἤνεγκα S.El. 13

, E. Ion38, Aeschin.2.4, and in compos. with Preps.; [ per.] 2sg. always

ἤνεγκας Ar.Av. 540

(lyr.), ([etym.] ἐξ-) S.Tr. 741 (in Ar.Th. 742, δέκα μῆνας αὔτ' ἐγὼ ἤνεγκον is answd. by ἤνεγκας σύ;); [ per.] 3sg. ἤνεγκε, common to both forms; dual

δι-ηνεγκάτην Pl.Lg. 723b

; pl. always ἠνέγκαμεν, -ατε, -αν ([ per.] 3pl.

ἀπ-ήνενκαν IG22.1620.37

, al., once ἀπ-ήνεγκον ib. 1414.2; δι-ηνέγκομεν is f.l. in X.Oec.9.8): imper., [ per.] 2sg.

ἔνεγκε E. Heracl. 699

, Ar.Eq. 110, X.Mem.3.6.9 ( ἔνεγκον cj. Pors. in Anaxipp. 8); [ per.] 3sg.

ἐνεγκάτω Ar. Pax 1149

(troch.), Th. 238, Pl.Phd. 116d, ([etym.] προς-) X.Smp.5.2; but

ἐξ-ενεγκέτω IG12.63.33

, 76.61; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3pl. ἐνεγκόντω ib.5 (1).26.16 (Amyclae, ii/i B. C.); [ per.] 2pl.

ἐξ-ενέγκατε Ar.Ra. 847

: subj. ἐνέγκω common to both forms: opt., [ per.] 1sg.

ἐνέγκαιμι E.Hipp. 393

, Pl.Cri. 43c: [ per.] 3sg. ἐνέγκαι (cod.A, but - κοι cod.Laur.) S.Tr. 774, but

ἐνέγκοι Id.Fr.84

(anap.), Pl.R. 330a, ([etym.] ξυν-) Th.6.20, etc.; [ per.] 2pl. ἐνέγκαιτε ( ἐνέγκατε codd.) E.Heracl. 751 (lyr.): inf.

ἐνεγκεῖν A.Supp. 766

, S.OC 1599, IG22.40.18, etc., ([etym.] προς-) Pi.P.9.36, Hp.VM15; Hellenistic

ἐνέγκαι Arist.Oec. 1349a27

([etym.] εἰς-), PAmh.2.30.35 (ii B. C.), Ev.Marc. 2.4 ([etym.] προς-), etc., found also in codd.Hp., Aff.3 ([etym.] προς-), Nat.Mul.19 ([etym.] δι-): part.

ἐνεγκών Pi.I.8(7).21

, S.El. 692, Th.6.56, etc.,

ἐνέγκας IG22.1361.21

([etym.] εἰς-), 333.4, D.49.51 (and later, Demetr.Com.Nov.1.10 ([etym.] εἰς-), Arist.Oec. 1351a14, etc.; in X. we find

ἐξ-ενεγκόντες Mem.1.2.53

, and δι-ενεγκοῦσα, συν-ενεγκόντες, vv. ll. in ib.2.2.5, An.6.5.6):— [voice] Med., only ἠνεγκάμην, Ar.Ec.76 ([etym.] ἐξ-), etc. (exc. imper.

ἐνεγκοῦ S.OC 470

); [ per.] 2sg.

ἠνέγκω E.Supp. 583

, X.Oec.7.13; [ per.] 3sg.

ἠνέγκατο S.Tr. 462

, Pl.R. 406b, etc.; [ per.] 1pl.

ἠνεγκάμεθα Id. Ion 530b

, ([etym.] προ-) Phlb. 57a; inf.

εἰς-ενέγκασθαι Isoc.15.188

: part.

ἐνεγκάμενος Aeschin.1.131

, ([etym.] ἀπ-) X.Ages.6.2.

IV from ἐνεικ- comes [tense] aor. 1 ἤνεικα, found mostly in [dialect] Ion. (but not in codd. Hp.), [dialect] Ep. and Lyr., also at Cos (v. infr.) and implied elsewh. in pass. forms (v. infr. v):—the endings are those of [tense] aor. 1, exc. in imper.

ἔνεικε Od.21.178

, inf. ἐνεικέμεν (v.l. ἐνεγκέμεν) Il.19.194, ἐνείκην (v. infr.), and part. μετ-ενεικών, ἐξενικοῦσι (v. infr.), cf. συνενείκομαι:—[ per.] 1sg.

ἀν-ένεικα Od.11.625

; [ per.] 2sg.

ἀπ-ένεικας Il.14.255

; [ per.] 3sg.

ἤνεικε Od.18.300

, al., Hdt.2.146, [dialect] Ep.

ἔνεικε Il.15.705

, al.; [ per.] 1pl.

ἐνείκαμεν Od.24.43

; [ per.] 3pl.

ἤνεικαν Hdt.3.30

, [dialect] Ep.

ἔνεικαν Il.9.306

; imper. [ per.] 2sg.

ἔνεικον Anacr.62.3

; [ per.] 2pl.,

ἐνείκατε Od. 8.393

; [ per.] 3pl.

ἐνεικάντων Schwyzer 688

B 3 (Chios, v B. C.); inf.

ἐνεῖκαι Il.18.334

, Pi.P.9.53, Hdt.1.32; ἐνεικέμεν (v. supr.); [dialect] Aeol.

ἐνείκην Alc.Oxy.1788

Fr.15ii 20; part.

ἐνείκας Il.17.39

, ([etym.] ἀν-) Hdt.2.23;

μετ-ενεικών Abh.Berl.Akad.1928(6).22

(Cos, iii B. C.):—[voice] Med., [ per.] 3sg.

ἀν-ενείκατο Il.19.314

; [ per.] 3pl.

ἠνείκαντο 9.127

, Hdt.1.57, ([etym.] ἐς-) 7.152; part.

ἐνεικάμενος Alc.35.4

.

2 [tense] aor. 1 ἤνῐκα is found in the foll. dialect forms: [ per.] 3sg.

ἤνικε IG42(1).121.110

(Epid., iv B. C.);

ἤνικεν SIG239

Bi11 (Delph., iv B. C.);

ἀν-ήνικε IG4.757A12

, al. (Troezen, ii B. C.); ἀπ-ήνικε ib.42(1).103.16, al. (Epid., iv B. C.); but ἤνῑκε is prob. written for ἤνεικε in IG4.801.3 (Troezen, vi B. C.); [ per.] 1pl. ἀν-ηνίκαμες [ῐ] GDI 3591b21 ([place name] Calymna); [ per.] 3pl.

ἤνικαν SIG239

Bi 17 (Delph., iv B. C.), IG 12(2).15.15 (Mytil., iii B. C.); [ per.] 3sg. subj.

ἐνίκει Berl.Sitzb.1927.161

([place name] Cyrene); ἐς-ενίκη, and inf. ἐς-ένικαι, IG12(2).645b43,39 (Nesus, iv B. C.); part. (dat. pl.)

ἐξ-ενικοῦσι IG4.823.49

(Troezen, iv B. C.); so in later Gr.,

εἰς-ήνικα Supp.Epigr.7.381

,382 (Dura-Europos, iii A. D.); ἤνιγκα ib.383 (ibid., iii A. D.):—[voice] Med., part.

ἐξ-ε[νικ]άμενος IG12

(2).526a5 (Eresus, iv B. C.).

b [dialect] Boeot. [tense] aor. 1 in [ per.] 3pl.

εἴνιξαν IG7.2418.24

(Thebes, iv B. C.); [ per.] 1sg. ἤνειγξα Hdn.Gr.2.374.

V other tenses: [tense] pf.

ἐνήνοχα D.21.108

, 22.62, ([etym.] ἐξ-) Luc.Pr.Im.15,17, ([etym.] μετ-) Pl.Criti. 113a, ([etym.] συν-) v. l. in X.Mem.3.5.22:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

ἐνεχθήσομαι Arist.Ph. 205b12

, Archim.Fluit.2.2, al., ([etym.] ἐπ-) Th.7.56, ([etym.] κατ-) Isoc.13.19: [tense] aor.

ἠνέχθην X.An.4.7.12

and freq. in compds.; [dialect] Ion.

ἀπ-ηνείχθην Hdt.1.66

, etc.; ([etym.] περι-) ib.84; [ per.] 3pl. written ἠνείχτθησαν in Schwyzer 707B9 (Ephesus, vi B. C.); [dialect] Dor. part.

ἐξ-ενειχθείς IG42(1).121.115

(Epid., iv B. C.); Hellenistic

ἐνεγχθείς PCair.Zen.327.42

(iii B. C.), ([etym.] συμπερι-) IPE12.32A31,78, B70 (Olbia, iii B. C.); in dialects, [ per.] 3sg. indic.

ἀπ-ηνίχθη IG42(1).103.111

(Epid., iv B. C.); [ per.] 3sg. subj. ἐξενιχθῇ ib.12(5).593 A23 (Ceos, v B. C.), Abh.Berl.Akad.1928(6).21 (Cos, iii B. C.); [dialect] Boeot.

ἐν-ενιχθεῖ IG7.3172.150

(Thespiae, iii B. C.); part. (neut.)

ἐπ-ενιχθέν Abh.Berl.Akad.1928(6).53

(Telos, iv B. C., ined.); [dialect] Att. [tense] pf.

ἐνήνεγμαι, ἐνήνεκται Pl.R. 584d

,

εἰς-ενήνεκται E. Ion 1340

;

ἀν-ενήνεγκται IG12.91.4

; ἐπαν-ενήνειγκται ib.22.1607a7; [dialect] Ion.

ἐξ-ενηνειγμένος Hdt.8.37

; [dialect] Att. [tense] plpf.

προς-ενήνεκτο X.HG4.3.20

; part.

κατ-, μετ-ενηνεγμένος Plb.10.30.2

, Str.13.1.12. (With φέρω cf. Lat.fero, OE. beran, Skt. bhárati 'bear'; οἴσω is of uncertain origin; ἐνεγκ- is prob. redupl. ἐγκ- ( ἐνεκ- in [voice] Pass. forms and in δουρηνεκής, etc.), cogn. with Skt. náśati 'attain,' Lat. nanciscor, Lith. nèšti 'carry, bear'; ἐνεικ- ([etym.] ἐνῐκ-) is of uncertain origin; the glosses ἐνέεικαν· ἤνεγκαν, and ἐνεείκω· ἐνέγκω (Hsch.) are not corroborated.)

A [voice] Act.,

I bear or carry a load,

ἐν ταλάροισι φέρον μελιηδέα καρπόν Il.18.568

;

μέγα ἔργον, ὃ οὐ δύο γ' ἄνδρε φέροιεν 5.303

;

ἦγον μὲν μῆλα, φέρον δ' εὐήνορα οἶνον Od.4.622

;

χοάς A.Ch.15

;

φ. ἐπ' ὤμοις S.Tr. 564

;

χερσὶν φ. Id.Ant. 429

;

φ. ὅπλα βραχίονι E.Hec.14

; bear (as a device) on one's shield, A.Th. 559, etc.; γαστέρι κοῦρον φ., of a pregnant woman, Il.6.59; φ. ὑπὸ ζώνην or ζώνης ὕπο, A.Ch. 1000(992), E.Hec. 762: in Trag. stronger than ἔχω, ἁγνὰς αἵματος χεῖρας φ. to have hands clean from blood, E.Hipp. 316 (v.l. φορεῖς)

; ἀλαὸν ὄμμα φέρων Id.Ph. 1531

(lyr.);

γλῶσσαν εὔφημον φ. A.Ch. 581

, cf. Supp. 994;

καλὸν φ. στόμα S.Fr. 930

codd. (nisi leg. φορῇ) ; ἄψοφον

βάσιν φ. Id.Tr. 967

(lyr.).

II bear, convey, with collat. notion of motion, freq. in Hom.,

πῇ δὴ.. τόξα φέρεις; Od.21.362

; πρόσω φ. ib. 369;

εἴσω φέρω σ' ἐντεῦθεν Ar.V. 1444

, cf. Pl.Lg. 914b;

πόδες φέρον Il.6.514

;

πέδιλα τά μιν φέρον 24.341

, etc.; of horses, 2.838;

ἵππω.. ἅρμα οἴσετον 5.232

, etc.; of ships, Od.16.323, cf. Il.9.306;

τὰ σώματα τῶν ζῴων συνέστηκεν ἐκ τοῦ φέροντος καὶ τοῦ φερομένου Diocl. Fr.17

.

b of persons, bring to bear, μένος or μένος χειρῶν ἰθύς τινος φέρειν hurl one's strength right upon or against him, Il.16.602, 5.506; φ. τὴν ὀργήν, τὴν αἰτίαν ἐπί τινα, Plb.21.31.8, 33.11.2.

c lead, direct,

τὴν πόλιν Plu.Luc.6

.

2 of wind, bear along, [

πνοιὴ Ζεφύρου] φ. νῆάς τε καὶ αὐτούς Od.10.26

; [

σχεδίην] ἄνεμοι φέρον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα 5.330

, cf. 4.516, Il.19.378, etc.;

ἐπέλασσε φέρων ἄνεμος Od.3.300

, 7.277, cf. 5.111, etc.: abs., ὁ βορέας ἔξω τοῦ Πόντου εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα φέρει is fair for Greece, X.An.5.77: metaph.,

ὅπῃ ἂν ὁ λόγος ὥσπερ πνεῦμα φ. Pl.R. 394d

;

φ. τινὰ φρένες δύσαρκτοι A.Ch. 1023

, cf. Th. 687 (lyr.):—[voice] Pass., v. infr. B.

III endure, suffer,

λυγρά Od.18.135

;

ἄτην Hdt.1.32

; χαλινόν, ζυγόν, A.Ag. 1066, 1226; πημονάς, τύχας, Id.Pers. 293, E.Or. 1024;

ξυμφοράς Th.2.60

;

τὰς οὐ προσηκούσας ἁμαρτίας Antipho 3.2.10

; also of food,

ἐσθίουσι πλείω ἢ δύνανται φ. X.Cyr.8.2.21

; of strong wine, bear, admit, καὶ τὰ τρία φέρων καλῶς, i.e. three parts of water, instead of ἴσον ἴσῳ, Ar.Eq. 1188, cf. Ach. 354; so τὰς ἐπιδείξεις.. φέρουσιν αὐτοῦ (sc. Ἰσοκράτους)

οἱ λόγοι, τοὺς δὲ ἐν ἐκκλησίαις.. ἀγῶνας οὐχ ὑπομένουσι D.H.Isoc.2

: metaph.,

ᾗ φέρειν πέφυκε Pl.Ti. 48a

.

2 freq. with modal words,

πήματα κόσμῳ φ. Pi.P.3.82

;

σιγῇ κακά E.Hec. 738

;

ὀργῇ τὸν πόλεμον Th.1.31

;

θυμῷ φ. Id.5.80

;

χαρᾷ φ. τι J.AJ19.1.13

: esp. with an Adv., [

ὕβριν] ῥηϊδίως φ. Hes.Op. 215

; δεινῶς, βαρέως, πικρῶς, χαλεπῶς φέρειν τι, bear a thing impatiently, take it ill or amiss, Hdt.2.121.γ, 5.19, E. Ion 610, Pl.R. 330a, etc.; δυσπετῶς, βαρυστόνως φ., A.Pr. 752, Eu. 794; προθύμως φέρειν τὸν πόλεμον to be zealous about the war, Hdt.9.18,40;

προθύμως τὰ τοῦ πολέμου ἔφερον Th.8.36

;

αἶσαν φέρειν ὡς ῥᾷστα A.Pr. 104

;

συμφορὴν ὡς κουφότατα φ. Hdt.1.35

;

ῥᾳδίως φ. Pl.Grg. 522d

, al.;

εὐπετῶς φ. S.Fr. 585

, X.Mem.2.1.6; εὐπόρως ( εὐφόρως Brunck)

ἐνεγκεῖν S.Ph. 873

; εὐμενῶς, εὐχερῶς φ., D.Ep. 3.45, Pl.R. 474e; these phrases are used mostly c. acc. rei; also c. part.,

βαρέως ἤνεικε ἰδών Hdt.3.155

, cf. Ar.Th. 385, etc.;

φ. ἐλαφρῶς.. λαβόντα ζυγόν Pi.P.2.93

;

ῥᾳδίως φέρεις ἡμᾶς ἀπολείπων Pl. Phd. 63a

: c. gen.,

τοῦ ἐνδεοῦς χαλεπώτερον φ. Th.1.77

, cf. 2.62;

ἐπί τινι, χαλεπῶς φ. ἐπὶ τῇ πολιορκίᾳ X.HG7.4.21

, cf. Isoc.12.232;

πράως ἐπὶ τοῖς γιγνομένοις φ. D.58.55

: c. dat. only, βαρέως φέρειν τοῖς παροῦσι, τῇ ἀτιμίᾳ, X.An.1.3.3, HG3.4.9, cf. 5.1.29; later, χαλεπῶς φ. διά τι, πρός τι, D.S.17.111, Jul.Or.1.17c codd.

IV bring, fetch,

εἰ.. θεὸς αὐτὸν ἐνείκαι Od.21.196

;

φ. ἄποινα Il.24.502

;

ἄρνε 3

, 120, cf. Sapph.95; ὕδωρ, οἶνον, Anacr.62.1;

ἔντεα Il.18.191

;

τόξα Od.21.359

;

κνημῖδας A.Th. 675

;

δᾷδα Ar.Nu. 1490

, etc.;

γῆν τε καὶ ὕδωρ Hdt.7.131

:—[voice] Med., carry or bring with one, or for one's own use,

ποδάνιπτρα Od.19.504

;

οἶνον Alc.35

, cf. Hdt.4.67, 7.50, X. Mem.3.14.1;

φερνὰς δόμοις E.Andr. 1282

; fetch, Od.2.410;

χοὰς ἐκ κρήνης S.OC 470

.

2 bring, offer, present,

δῶρα Od.8.428

, etc.;

μέλος Pi.P.2.3

;

χοάς τινι A.Ch. 487

;

φ. πέπλον δώρημά τινι S.Tr. 602

;

πρός τινα δῶρα X.An.7.3.31

; χάριν τινὶ φ. grant any one a favour, do him a kindness, Il.5.211, Od.5.307, al.;

ἐπὶ ἦρα φ. τινί Il.1.572

, Od.3.164, etc.; φ. τισὶ εὐνοίας, ὄνησιν ἀστοῖς, A.Supp. 489, S.OC 287; but after Hom., χάριν τινὶ φ. show gratitude to him, Pi.O.10(11).17; μῆνιν φ. τινί cherish wrath against.. A.Niob. in PSI11.1208.12.

b = ἄγω iv. 1,

ἄχρι νῦν καθ' ὥραν ἔτους λέγονται πένθος ἐπὶ Μελεάγρῳ φέρειν Ant.Lib.2.7

; Ἰάλεμος· ὁ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀπολωλόσιν ἀνίαν φέρων, Suid.:—[voice] Med.,

τοῦ γονέως ἐφ' ᾧ γε τὸ πένθος φέρεσθε Phalar.Ep.103.1

.

3 bring, produce, cause, [

ἀστὴρ] φέρει πυρετὸν βροτοῖσιν Il.22.31

;

ὄσσαν.. ἥ τε φ. κλέος ἀνθρώποισι Od.1.283

, cf. 3.204; φ. κακόν, πῆμα, ἄλγεα, etc., work one woe, Il.8.541, Od.12.231, 427, etc.; δηϊοτῆτα φ. bring war, 6.203;

ἐπ' ἀλλήλοισι φ. Ἄρηα Il.3.132

, cf. 8.516;

πόλεμον Hes.Sc. 150

;

θάνατον φ. B.5.134

;

τοῦτο εὐδοξίαν σοι οἴσει Pl.Ep. 312c

;

τὸ σωθῆναι τὸ ψεῦδος φέρει S.Ph. 109

;

τέχναι.. φόβον φέρουσιν μαθεῖν A.Ag. 1135

(lyr.); ὥσπερ τὸ δίκαιον ἔφερε as justice brought with it, brought about, i.e. as was just, no more than just, Hdt.5.58;

ἀν' ὄ κα φέρῃ ὁ λόγος ὁ ταμία Φιλοκλέος IG42(1).77.13

(Epid., ii B. C.); of a calculation, yield a result, Vett.Val.349.27; produce, adduce, bring forward,

παραδείγματα Isoc.7.6

, etc.;

πάσας αἰτίας D.58.22

;

ἁρμόττουσαν εἰκόνα Id.61.10

:—[voice] Pass.,

εἰς τὴν συνηγορίαν.. τοιαῦτά τινα φέρεται Sor.2.3

.

b bring or carry with one, involve,

τὸ πᾶν ἡμῖν τοῦ πολέμου φέρουσιν αἱ νέες Hdt.8.62

; οὐ ξύλων ἀγὼν ὁ τὸ πᾶν φέρων ἐστὶ ἡμῖν, ἀλλ' ἀνδρῶν ib. 100.

4 μῦθον φ. τινί bring one word, Il.10.288, 15.202; ἀγγελίην φ. bring a message, ib. 175, Od.1.408;

λόγον Pi.P.8.38

;

ἐπιστολὰς φ. τινί S.Aj. 781

, cf. Tr. 493;

ἐπιστολήν X.Ages.8.3

: hence, tell, announce, πευθώ, φάτιν, A.Th. 370, Ag.9;

σαφές τι πρᾶγος Id.Pers. 248

(troch.), cf. Ag. 639, etc.; report, ἀγήν (breakages) PCair.Zen. 15r27 (iii B. C.); φ. κεχωνευκώς reports that he has.., ib.741.26, cf. 147.4, 268.24 (all iii B. C.); enter, book a payment made, PBaden47.12:—[voice] Med.,

λόγους φ. E.Supp. 583

; but also ἀγγελίας ἔπος οἴσῃ thou shalt have it brought thee, receive, Id.Ph. 1546 (lyr.);

μαντήϊα.. φέρονται Hes.Fr.134.9

:—[voice] Pass., θάνατον ἀνάγκη φέρεσθαι τοῦ διαθεμένου the death of the testator must be announced, Ep.Heb.9.16.

5 pay something due or owing, φόρον τέσσαρα τάλαντα φ. pay as a tax or tribute, Th.4.57, cf. IG12.57.9, Pl.Plt. 298a, PCair.Zen.467.7 (iii B. C.);

δασμόν X.An.5.5.10

; σύνοδον φ. subscribe to the expense of a meeting, IG22.1012.14, 1326.6;

χρήματα πᾶσι τάξαντες φ. Th.1.19

;

μισθὸν φ. X.Cyr.1.6.12

(but usu., receive, draw, pay,

μισθὸν δύο δραχμὰς τῆς ἡμέρας Ar.Ach.66

;

τέτταρας τῆς ἡμέρας ὀβολοὺς φέρων Men.357

;

αἱ νῆες μισθὸν ἔφερον Th. 3.17

, cf. X.An.1.3.21, Oec.1.6);

φ. ἐννέα ὀβολοὺς τῆς μνᾶς τόκους Lys.Fr.1.2

, cf. Lycurg.23; also of property, bring in, yield as rent,

φ. μίσθωσιν τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ Is.5.35

.

6 apply, refer,

τι ἐπί τι Pl. Ti. 37e

, Chrm. 163d, R. 478b, cf. Plb.3.36.7, al.; φ. τὰ πράγματα ἐπί τινα confer powers upon, Id.2.50.6.

7 ψῆφον φ. give one's vote, A.Eu. 674, 680, And.1.2, Is.11.18; ψῆφος καθ' ἡμῶν οἴσεται ([voice] Pass.) E.Or. 440;

περὶ ταύτης ἡ ψῆφος οἰσθήσεται D.44.45

;

ὑπὲρ ἀγῶνος Lycurg.7

, cf. 11: hence φ. τινά appoint or nominate to an office,

φ. χορηγόν D.20.130

, 39.7, cf. Pl.Lg. 753d, Arist.Pol. 1266a10:—[voice] Pass., ibid.;

ὅπως φέρηται ἐν τῷ στρατιωτικῷ UPZ15.10

(ii B. C.);

τῶν φερομένων ἐν Κλεοπάτρᾳ κληρούχων PRein.10.13

, al. (ii B. C.); φερομένου μου ἐν τῇ συνοχῇ since I am enrolled in prison, i.e. am in prison, BGU1821.21 (i B. C.):—[voice] Med., choose, adopt,

ταύταν φ. βιοτάν E.Andr. 785

(lyr.).

V bring forth, produce, whether of the earth or of trees,

φ. ἄρουρα φάρμακα Od.4.229

;

ἄμπελοι φ. οἶνον 9.110

; [νῆσος] φ. ὥρια πάντα ib. 131, cf. Hes.Op. 117; [

οὐ] γῆ καρπὸν ἔφερε Hdt.6.139

;

γύαι φ. βίοτον A.Fr.196.5

, cf. Pi.N.11.41, E.Hec. 593, etc.: abs., bear fruit, be fruitful,

εὖτ' ἂν τάδε πάντα φέρῃσι h.Merc.91

; ἡ γῆ ἔφερε ( καρπόν add. codd. quidam) Hdt.5.82;

αἱ ἄμπελοι φέρουσιν X.Oec.20.4

; also of living beings,

τόπος ἄνδρας φ. Pl.Ti. 24c

;

ἤνεγκεν αὐτὸν Λαοδίκεια Philostr. VS1.25.1

;

ἡ ἐνεγκοῦσα

one's country,

Hld.2.29

, Lib.Or. 2.66, al., Chor.p.81 B., Lyd.Mag.3.26, dub. in Supp.Epigr.4.439 (Milet.) without Art. (also

ἡ ἐνεγκαμένη Jul.Ep. 202

); or Mother Earth, M.Ant.4.48: generally, create, form,

Πηνειὸς Τέμπη φ. Philostr.Im.1.25

; [

τὰ βρέφη] ἄρχεται φέρειν τοὺς ὀδόντας Aët.4.9

;

φ. τοὺς κυνόδοντας Gp.16.1.14

.

VI carry off or away,

Κῆρες ἔβαν θανάτοιο φέρουσαι Il.2.302

;

φ. τινὰ ἐκ πόνου 14.429

, 17.718, etc.; of winds, [ἔπος] φέροιεν ἀναρπάξασαι ἄελλαι may the winds sweep away the word, Od.8.409; of a river, Hdt.1.189:—[voice] Med., carry off with one, Od.15.19.

2 carry away as booty or prize, ἔναρα, τεύχεα, Il.6.480, 17.70;

αἶγα λέοντε φ. 13.199

; δεῖπνον φ., of Harpies, A.Eu.51;

ἐνέχυρα βίᾳ φ. Antipho 6.11

; in the phrase φέρειν καὶ ἄγειν (cf.

ἄγω 1.3

), IG12.69.19; φέροντα ἢ ἄγοντα Lex ap.D.23.60;

αἴ κα.. ἄγῃ ἢ φέρῃ Leg.Gort.5.37

;

ἥρπαζον καὶ ἔφερον Lys.20.17

;

κείρων ἢ φέρων IG12(9).90.10

(Tamynae, iv B. C.);

αἴ τίς κα.. φέρει τι τῶν ἐν τᾷ ἱαρᾷ γᾷ Tab.Heracl.1.128

; of a divorced wife,

αἰ δέ τι ἄλλο φέροι τῶ ἀνδρός, πέντε στατῆρανς καταστασεῖ κὤτι κα φέρῃ αὐτόν Leg.Gort.3.2

; φέρειν alone, rob, plunder,

θεῶν ἱερά E.Hec. 804

;

ἀλλήλους Th.1.7

; abs., SIG38.23 (Teos, v B. C.):—[voice] Pass.,

φερόμενοι Βακχῶν ὕπο E.Ba. 759

:—[voice] Med. in same sense,

ἔναρα Il.22.245

;

πελέκεας οἶκόνδε φ. 23.856

;

ἀτερπέα δαῖτα Od.10.124

, cf. 15.378.

3 carry off, gain, esp. by toil or trouble, win, achieve, both [voice] Act. and [voice] Med.,

ἤ κε φέρῃσι μέγα κράτος ἦ κε φεροίμην Il.18.308

;

φέρειν τρίποδα Hes.Op. 657

;

τἀπινίκια S.El. 692

;

τιμήν Ar. Av. 1278

; τἀριστεῖα, τὰ νικητήρια, Pl.R. 468c, Lg. 657e;

πέρα.. οὐδὲν φ. S.OC 651

;

ἐκ σοῦ πάντ' ἄνευ φόβου φ. Id.OT 590

; τίς.. πλέον τᾶς εὐδαιμονίας φέρει ἤ .. ; ib. 1190 (lyr.), cf. El. 1088 (lyr.); in bad sense,

μείζω τὴν αἰσχύνην φ. Pl.Lg. 671e

: also, receive one's due,

φ. χάριν S.OT 764

;

ὡς τοῦτό γ' ἔρξας δύο φέρῃ δωρήματα Id.Ph. 117

; μισθὸν φέρειν (v. supr. iv.5); of a priest's perquisites,

φέρει ὁ ἱαρεὺς γέρη σκέλη κτλ. BMus.Inscr.968

A 9 ([place name] Cos), cf. IG12.24.10, al., SIG56.35 (Argos, v B. C.):—[voice] Med. (v. ad init.), win for oneself,

κῦδος οἴσεσθαι Il.22.217

; δέπας, τεύχεα, carry off as a prize, 23.663, 809, al.; ἀέθλια or ἄεθλον φ. carry off, win a prize, 9.127, 23.413; τὰ πρῶτα φέρεσθαι (sc. ἄεθλα) 23.275, 538;

οὐ σμικρὸν ἆθλον τῆς ἐρωτικῆς μανίας φέρονται Pl.Phdr. 256d

; of perquisites, τὸ.. σκέλος τοὶ ἱαρομνάμονες φερόσθω (i. e. φερούσθω from Φερόνσθω) IG42(1).40.13 (Epid., v/iv B. C.): hence

οὐ τὰ δεύτερα Hdt.8.104

; πλέον φέρεσθαι get more or a larger share for onself, gain the advantage over any one, τινος Hdt.7.211, cf. S.OT 500 (lyr.), E.Hec. 308; ταῦτα ἐπὶ σμικρόν τι ἐφέροντο τοῦ πολέμου this they received as a small help towards the war, Hdt.4.129;

ἠνείκατο παρὰ Ἐγεσταίων τὰ οὐδεὶς ἄλλος 5.47

;

ἴδια κέρδεα προσδεκόμενοι παρὰ τοῦ Πέρσεω οἴσεσθαι 6.100

;

χάριν φέρεσθαι παρ' ὑμῶν And.2.9

;

φ. τὴν ἀπέχθειαν αὐτῶν Antipho 3.4.2

;

ὀνείδη Pl.Lg. 762a

;

εὐσέβειαν ἐκ πατρὸς οἴσῃ S.El. 969

;

δάκρυ πρὸς τῶν κλυόντων A.Pr. 638

;

ἀπό τινος βοσκάν Id.Eu. 266

(lyr.);

ἐξ ἀνανδρίας τοὔνομα Aeschin.1.131

: generally, get for one's own use and profit, take and carry away, esp. to one's own home,

τοῦ.. πάμπρωτα παρ' ἀγλαὰ δῶρα φέροιο Il.4.97

: hence φέρειν or φέρεσθαι is often used pleon., v. infr. xi.

VII abs., of roads or ways, lead to a place,

ὁδὸν φέρουσαν ἐς ἱρόν Hdt.2.122

, cf. 138; τὴν φέρουσαν ἄνω (sc. ὁδόν) Id.9.69;

τῆς μὲν ἐς ἀριστερὴν ἐπὶ Καρίης φ., τῆς δὲ ἐς δεξιὴν ἐς Σάρδις Id.7.31

;

ἐπὶ Σοῦσα X.An.3.5.15

;

ἁπλῆ οἶμος εἰς Ἅιδου φέρει A.Fr. 239

;

ἡ ἐς Θήβας φέρουσα ὁδός Th.3.24

(but ἡ ἐπ' Ἀθηνῶν φέρουσα ibid.); also ἡ θύρα ἡ εἰς τὸν κῆπον φ. the door leading to the garden, D.47.53; αἱ εἰς τὴν πόλιν φ. πύλαι, αἱ ἐπὶ τὸ τεῖχος φ. κλίμακες, X.HG7.2.7, cf. PMich.Zen.38.27 (iii B. C.), Plb.10.12.3.

2 of a district or tract of country, stretch, extend to or towards, φέρειν ἐπί or

ἐς θάλασσαν Hdt.4.99

; ἐς τὴν μεσόγαιαν ib. 100;

πρὸς νότον Id.7.201

; ἡ ἀπὸ δυσμῶν αὐτῆς (sc. τῆς Κιμβρικῆς)

καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν Ἄλβιν φέρουσα Ptol.Geog.2.11.2

, cf. 3.

b of time,

τῇ νυκτὶ τῇ φερούσῃ εἰς τὴν β τοῦ Παχών PPetr.3p

.x (iii B. C.), cf. PTeb.61 (b) 288 (ii B. C.), BGU1832.5 (i B. C.), etc.

3 metaph., lead to or towards, be conducive to,

ἐς αἰσχύνην φέρει Hdt.1.10

;

τὰ ἐς ἄκεσιν φέροντα Id.4.90

; ἐς βλάβην, ἐς φόβον φέρον, S.OT 517, 991;

εἰς ὄκνον E.Supp. 295

: esp. in good sense, tend, conduce to one's interest, ἐπ' ἀμφότερά τοι φέρει (impers.)

ταῦτα ποιέειν Hdt.3

. 134; so

τὰ πρὸς τὸ ὑγιαίνειν φέροντα X.Mem.4.2.31

;

τροφαὶ μέγα φ. εἰς ἀρετάν E.IA 562

(lyr.); μέγα τι οἰόμεθα φέρειν (sc. κοινωνίαν γυναικῶν τε καὶ παίδων)

εἰς πολιτείαν Pl.R. 449d

; τὰ καλὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα εἰς ἀρετῆς κτῆσιν φ. ib. 444e, cf. X.Cyr.8.1.42; τοῦτο ἔφερεν αὐτῷ was for his good, M.Ant.5.8.

b point to, refer to a thing,

ἐς τί ὑμῖν ταῦτα φαίνεται φέρειν; Hdt.1.120

; φωνὴ φέρουσα πρός τινα addressed to him, Id.1.159;

ἐς ἀρηΐους ἀγῶνας φέρον τὸ μαντήϊον Id.9.33

, cf. 6.19; [ὄψις] φέρει ἐπὶ πᾶσαν γῆν refers to.., extends over.., Id.7.19; τὰ ἴχνη τῆς ὑποψίας εἰς τοῦτον φ. point to him, Antipho 2.3.10;

πρός τινας Pl.R. 538c

;

ταύτῃ <ὁ> νόος ἔφερε Hdt.9.120

; ἡ τοῦ δήμου φέρει γνώμη, ὡς .., the people's opinion inclines to this, that.., Id.4.11;

ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ αἱ γνῶμαι ἔφερον Th.1.79

: c. inf., τῶν ἡ γνώμη ἔφερε συμβάλλειν whose opinion inclined to giving battle, Hdt.6.110, cf. 5.118; πλέον ἔφερέ οἱ ἡ γνώμη κατεργάσεσθαι his opinion inclined rather to the view.., Hdt.8.100, cf. 3.77.

VIII carry or have in the mouth, i. e. speak of,

πολύν τινα ἐν ταῖς διαβολαῖς φέρειν Aeschin.3.223

; use a word,

οὐκ οἶδα καθ' ὁποτέρου τούτων οἱ παλαιοὶ τὸ τῆς ζειᾶς ἔφερον ὄνομα Gal.Vict.Att.6

, cf. 7.644, 15.753, 876; record an event,

οἱ δευτέρῳ μετὰ τὴν ἔξοδον.. ἔτει φέροντες αὐτήν D.H.1.63

: more freq. in [voice] Pass., πονηρῶς, εὖ, φέρεσθαι, to be ill or well spoken of, X.HG1.5.17, 2.1.6;

ἀτίμως ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων φ. Pl.Ep. 328e

; abs., φέρεται [the report] is carried about, i.e. it is said, c. acc. et inf.,

τοιόνδε φέρεται πρῆγμα γίνεσθαι Hdt.8.104

(v.l.); ἐν χρόνοις φέρεται μνημονευομένοις is recorded as occurring within historical times, Str.1.3.15;

ὅτε καὶ Δημόκριτος φέρεται τελευτήσας Sor.Vit.Hippocr.11

;

κρίνομεν.. τὰ γραφέντα ὑφ' ἡμῶν προστάγματα ἐν τοῖς ἱεροῖς νόμοις φέρεσθαι παρ' ὑμῖν OGI331.60

(Pergam., ii B. C.);

ὧν τὰ ὀνόματα φέρεται

are in use,

Ptol.Geog.7.4.11

; of literary works, to be in circulation,

ἐπιστόλιον αὐτοῦ τοιοῦτον φέρεται Plu.2.808a

, cf. 209e, 832d, 833c, al., Jul.Or.6.189b, Gp.2.35.8, Eun.VSp.456 B.; πρόλογοι διττοὶ φέρονται Arg.E.Rh.; ὁ στίχος οὗτος ἔν τισιν οὐ φέρεται Sch.E. Ph. 377, cf. Sch.Il.8.557.

2 of words, φέρεσθαι ἐπί τι to refer to something, A.D.Pron.61.5, Synt.21.14, al.

IX imper. φέρε like ἄγε, as Adv., come, now, well,

1 before another imper.,

φέρε γὰρ σήμαινε A.Pr. 296

(anap.);

φέρ' εἰπὲ δή μοι S.Ant. 534

;

φ. δή μοι τόδε εἰπέ Pl.Cra. 385b

; so

φέρετε.. πειρᾶσθε Hdt.4.127

.

2 before [ per.] 1sg. or pl. of subj. used imperatively, φέρε ἀκούσω, φέρε στήσωμεν, Hdt.1.11,97;

φ. δὲ νῦν.. φράσω Id.2.14

;

φέρ' ἴδω, τί δ' ἥσθην; Ar.Ach.4

;

φέρε δὴ κατίδω Id. Pax 361

, cf. 959; φ. δὴ ἴδωμεν, φ. δὴ σκεψώμεθα, Pl.Grg. 455a, Prt. 330b, cf. E.Or. 1281 (lyr.), Ph. 276, etc.: less freq. before 2 pers.,

φέρε.. μάθῃς S.Ph. 300

.

3 before a rhetorical question,

φέρε.. τροπαῖα πῶς ἀναστήσεις; E.Ph. 571

;

φ. δὴ νῦν.. τί γαμεῖθ' ἡμᾶς; Ar.Th. 788

(anap.), cf. Ach. 541, Pl.R. 348c; φ. μῶν οὐκ ἀνάγκη .. ; Id.Lg. 805d; φ. πρὸς θεῶν πῶς .. ; Id.Grg. 514d; freq. in phrase

φέρε γάρ, φέρε τίς γὰρ οὗτος; Ar.Nu. 218

;

φ. γὰρ πρὸς τίνας χρὴ πολεμεῖν; Isoc.4.183

, cf. Antipho 5.36; also

φ. δή Pl.Grg. 455a

, al.: usu. first in a sentence, but

τὴν ἀνδρείαν δὲ φ. τί θῶμεν; Id.Lg. 633c

, etc.

4 φέρε δή, ἐάν πῃ διαλλαχθῶμεν .. come let us see if we can.., Id.Cra. 430a.

5 φέρε c. inf., suppose, grant that..

φ. λέγειν τινά Plu.2.98b

; φ. εἰπεῖν let us say, D.Chr.31.93, 163, Porph.Abst.3.3;

οἷον φ. εἰ. Iamb. in Nic.p.47

P., al. ( οἷον φέρε alone, Hierocl. in CA11p.439M.).

X part. neut. τὸ φέρον, as Subst., destiny, fate, τὸ φ. ἐκ θεοῦ [καλῶς] φέρειν [χρή] ye must bear nobly what heaven bears to you, awards you, S.OC 1693 (lyr., codd., sed secl. καλῶς, χρή)

; εἰ τὸ φερον σε φέρει, φέρε καὶ φέρου AP 10.73

(Pall.).

2 part. φέρων in all genders freq. joined with another Verb:

a to express a subsidiary action, φέρων ἔδωκε he brought and gave, Od.22.146; δὸς τῷ ξείνῳ ταῦτα φέρων take this and give it him, 17.345; ἔγχος ἔστησε φέρων brought the spear and placed it, 1.127; σῖτον παρέθηκε φέρουσα ib. 139, al., cf. S.Tr. 622;

τοῦτο ἐλθὼν οἴκαδε φέρων τῷ πατρὶ ἔδωκα Pl.Hp.Ma. 282e

, cf. R. 345b; so

ὁ μὲν Ἐπίχαρμον.. εἰς δέκα τόμους φέρων συνήγαγεν Porph.Plot. 24

; ἑκάστῃ ἐννεάδι τὰ οἰκεῖα φέρων συνεφόρησα ibid., etc.; sts. translatable by with,

ᾤχοντο φέροντες τὰ γράμματα Th.7.8

.

b intr., in pass. sense, to denote unrestrained action,

νῦν σε μάλ' οἴω.. φέροντα.. φιλητεύσειν h.Merc. 159

; φέρουσα ἐνέβαλε νηΐ φιλίῃ she went and rammed, rammed full tilt, Hdt.8.87; ὅταν ἐπὶ θάτερ' ὥσπερ εἰς τρυτάνην ἀργύριον προσενέγκῃς, οἴχεται φέρον down it sinks, D.5.12;

τὰ μὲν ἄλλα μέρη τοῦ πολέμου παρῆκαν, φέροντες δὲ παντὶ τῷ στρατεύματι πρὸς αὐτὸν Ἀκράγαντα προσήρεισαν

hurling themselves,

Plb.1.17.8

;

εἰς τοῦτο φέρων περιέστησε τὰ πράγματα Aeschin.3.82

; ὑπέβαλεν ἑαυτὸν φέρων Θηβαίοις ib.90, cf. 1.175, 3.143,146; in the foll. passages φέρων accompanies a Verb of throwing, giving, entrusting, or dedicating, and expresses wholehearted action, whether wise or unwise; there is always an accus., freq. of the reflex. Pron., governed by the principal Verb (or perh. by φέρων): ἐπεὶ ἐς τοὺς κρατῆρας ἐμαυτὸν φέρων ἐνέβαλον (sc. ὁ Ἐμπεδοκλῆς ) when I went (or took) and threw myself.., Luc.Icar.13, cf. Fug.1, Plu.Comp.Arist. Cat.1, Fab.6, Per.12, Paus.1.30.1, Ael.VH8.14, Frr.10,69, Philostr. VA3.4;

τὴν κατασκευὴν.. φέρων ἐδωρήσατο τῇ μητρί D.S.31.27

, cf. Ach.Tat.1.7;

σεαυτὸν.. φέρων ἀπημπόληκας Luc.Merc.Cond.24

;

τί παθόντες.. τοῖς ἀτέκνοις τῶν γερόντων ἐσποιεῖτε φέροντες αὑτούς; Luc. DMort.6.3

, cf. Ind.19, Laps.22; ταύτῃ (sc. τῇ ὀργῇ)

φέρων ὑπέθηκεν ἑαυτόν Plu.Them.24

, cf. Per.7;

τούτῳ φέροντες ὑποβάλλουσι τοὺς υἱούς Id.2.4b

, cf. Luc.6, Pomp.27, Ael.VH6.1, Max.Tyr.1.2;

προσέθετο φέρων ἑαυτὸν ἐκείνῳ Eun.VS p.456

B., cf.pp.461,465 B., Dam. ap. Suid. s.v. Σεβηριανός; ἀλλὰ σοὶ μὲν, ὦ θεῶν πάτερ, ἐμαυτὸν φέρων ἀναθήσω Jul.Or.7.231b.

3 ἔκκρισις.. ἐκ μικρῶν φέρουσα διαστημάτων occurring at short intervals, Sor.2.45.

XI φέρειν, φέρεσθαι are freq. added epexegetically to δίδωμι and similar Verbs,

δῶκεν.. τρίποδα φέρειν Il.23.513

, cf. 16.665, 17.131;

τεύχεα.. δότω φέρεσθαι 11.798

, cf. Od.21.349, E.Tr. 419, 454(troch.).

B [voice] Pass. is used in most of the above senses:—special cases:

I to be borne or carried involuntarily, esp. to be borne along by waves or winds, to be swept away, φέρεσθαι ἀνέμοισι, θυέλλῃ, Od.9.82, 10.54, cf. A.Pers. 276 (lyr.), etc.; πᾶν δ' ἦμαρ φερόμην, of Hephaestus falling from Olympus, Il.1.592; ἧκε φέρεσθαι he sent him flying, 21.120; ἧκα πόδας καὶ χεῖρε φέρεσθαι I let go my hands and feet, let them swing free [in the leap], Od.12.442, cf. 19.468; μέγα φέρεται πὰρ σέθεν, of a word uttered, comes with weight, Pi.P.1.87;

βίᾳ φέρεται Pl.Phdr. 254a

;

πνεῦμα φερόμενον Id.R. 496d

;

τὸ πνεῦμα κατὰ τὰς ἀναπνοὰς εἴσω τε καὶ ἔξω φέρεται Gal.16.520

;

ῥεῖν καὶ φέρεσθαι Pl.Cra. 411c

;

φ. εἰς τὸν Τάρταρον Id.Phd. 114b

; simply, move, go,

ποῖ γᾶς φέρομαι; S.OT 1309

(anap.);

οὐκ οἶσθ' ὅποι γῆς οὐδ' ὅποι γνώμης φέρῃ Id.El. 922

, cf. E.Hec. 1076 (anap.), etc.; of the excreta,

τὰ φερόμενα.. εἰ μὲν αὐτομάτως φέροιτο Philum.

ap. Aët.9.12;

πρὸς κοιλίαν φερομένην Aët.4.19

: metaph.,

εἰς τὸ λοιδορεῖν φέρῃ E.Andr. 729

;

πρὸς τὴν τοῦ κάλλους φύσιν Pl.Phdr. 254b

, cf. X.Mem.2.1.4; ἐπὶ ταὐτὸ φέρονται have the same tendency, Phld.Vit.p.42 J.;

ἀπὸ δογμάτων καὶ ἀπὸ θεωρημάτων φ. Vett.Val.238.30

; of veins, to be conveyed, Gal.15.531; also ἡ φερομένη οὐσία (the doctrine of) universal motion, Pl.Tht. 177c; οἱ φερόμενοι θεοί the moving gods, i. e. the stars and planets, Plot.2.3.9.

2 freq. in part. with another Verb of motion, φερόμενοι ἐσέπιπτον ἐς τοὺς Αἰγινήτας they fell into their hands with a rush, at full speed, Hdt.8.91;

ἀπὸ.. ἐλπίδος ᾠχόμην φερόμενος Pl.Phd. 98b

;

ἧκε φερόμενος εἰς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ φύσιν Aeschin.3.89

.

3 of voluntary and impulsive motion,

ἰθὺς φέρεται μένει Il.20.172

; ὁμόσε τινὶ φέρεσθαι come to blows with him, X.Cyn.10.21;

δρόμῳ φ. πρός τινα Id.HG4.8.37

;

φυγῇ εἰς ἑαυτοὺς φ. Id.Cyr.1.4.23

;

ἥξει ἐπ' ἐκεῖνον τὸν λόγον φερόμενος Lycurg.59

;

φερόμενος ὑπ' ὀργῆς D.H.Comp.18

.

II metaph., καλῶς, κακῶς φέρεσθαι, of things, schemes, etc., turn out, prosper well or ill, succeed or fail,

οὔτ' ἂν.. νόμοι καλῶς φέροιντ' ἄν S.Aj. 1074

;

κακῶς φ. τὰ ἑαυτοῦ X.HG3.4.25

;

εὖ φέρεται ἡ γεωργία Id.Oec.5.17

; ὀλιγώρως ἔχειν καὶ ἐᾶν ταῦτα φέρεσθαι to neglect things and let them take their course, D.8.67; less freq. of persons, fare well or ill, εὖ φερόμενος ἐν στρατηγίαις being generally successful.., Th.5.16, cf. 15;

καλῶς φερόμενος τὸ καθ' ἑαυτόν Id.2.60

;

φ. ἐν προτιμήσει παρά τινι D.S.33.5

;

χεῖρον φερομένη παρὰ τἀδελφῷ J.AJ16.7.6

; of euphonious writing,

σύνθεσις καλῶς φερομένη Phld.Po.5.26

.

2 behave, ὑποκριτικῶς, ἀστάτως, etc., Vett.Val.38.20, 197.8, al.

3 have an opinion, ὅπως ἠνέχθη περὶ τοῦ σφυγμοῦ what his opinion was about.., Marcellin.Puls. 233.

C [voice] Med.: for its chief usages, v. supr. A. VI. 3.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `possess, get(back-), have', aor. `conquer, take (in possession)', intr. `hold oneself', med. `id.';

Other forms: also ἴσχω, aor. σχεῖν, ἔσχον, fut. ἕξω, σχήσω (Il.), perf. act. ἔσχηκα (Pl. Lg. 765a), med. ἔσχημαι, aor. pass. ἐσχέθην (late).

Dialectal forms: Myc. e-ke (= ἔχει)

Compounds: very often with prefix in various meanings, ἀν-, ἀπ-, ἐξ-, ἐπ-, κατ-, μετ-, προσ-, συν- etc. As 1. member in e. g. ἐχέ-φρων, ἐχ-έγγυος, ἐχεπευκής (s. v.), ἐκεχειρία (s. v.); also ἰσχέ-θυρον a. o. (hell.); cf. Schwyzer 441; as 2. member e. g. in προσ-, συν-εχής with προσ-, συν-έχεια.

Derivatives: From the ε-grade (= present-stem): ἔχμα `obstacle, support, defence' (Il.) with ἐχμάζω (H., Sch.; cf. ὀχμάζω below); Myc. e-ka-ma?; ἕξις `attitude, situation etc.', often in derivv. of prefix-compp., e. g. πρόσ-, κάθ-εξις from προσ-, κατ-έχειν (Ion.-Att.); with ( προσ-, καθ-) ἑκτικός (s. also s. v.); ἑξῆς s. v.; ἐχέ-τλη, - τλιον `plough-handle' (cf. καὶ ἡ αὖλαξ, καὶ ἡ σπάθη τοῦ ἀρότρου Η. and ἐχελεύειν ἀροτριᾶν H.); ἕκτωρ `the holder' (Lyc. 100; also Pl. Kra. 393a as explanation of the PN [s. v.]; Sapph. 157 as surname of Zeus); ἐχυρός s. v. From εὖ ἔχειν: εὑεξία `good condition' (Ion.-Att.; opposite καχεξία from κακῶς ἔχειν) with εὑέκ-της, - τικός, - τέω, also - τία (Archyt.); retrograde formation εὔεξος εὑφυής H. (not with Schwyzer 516 σο-Suffix). From the reduplicated present (s. below): ἰσχάς f. `anchor' (S. Fr. 761, Luc. Lex. 15); lengthened forms ἰσχάνω, - νάω (Il.). From the zero grade (= aorist-stem): σχέσις `situation, character, relation, holding back' (Ion.-Att.), often in derivv. from prefix-compp., e. g. ἀνά-, ἐπί-, ὑπό-, κατά-σχεσις from ἀνα-σχεῖν, - έσθαι etc.; σχῆμα (cf. σχ-ήσω) `attitude, form, appearance' (Ion.-Att.; Schwyzer 523); secondarily σχέμα (H.) Lat. schĕma f. (Leumann Sprache 1, 206); with σχηματίζω with σχημάτ-ισις, - ισμός etc.; verbal adjective ἄ-σχετος `not to hold, irresistable' (Il.); from virtual verbal adjectives come also the abstract-formations ἐπισχεσίη `attitude, pretext' (φ 71), ὑποσχεσίη `promise' (Ν 369, A. R.), cf. Schwyzer 469, Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 86f.; here also *σχερός (s. ἐπισχερώ), σχεδόν, σχέτλιος, σχολή, σκεθρός (s. vv.); (not to ἰσχύς). From the o-grade: ὄχοι m. pl. `holder, preserver' ( λιμένες νηῶν ὄχοι ε 404); ὀχός `fest, certain' (Ph. Byz.), further in verbal adjectives to the prefix-compp. like ἔξ-, κάτ-, μέτοχος (from ἐξ-έχειν etc.); ὀχή f. `holding, support' (Call., Lyc., Ath.); to the prefix-compp. συν-, μετ-, ἐξ-, ἐπ-οχή etc. (from συν-έχειν etc.); ὀχεύς "holder", `helm-strap, girdle-clasp, door-bolt etc.' (Il.; cf. Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 30, also on ὀχεύω `pounce upon' etc.; cf. s. v.); ὄχανον `shield-holder' (Anakr., Hdt.), also ὀχάνη (Plu.; cf. Chantraine Formation 198); ὀχυρός, s. ἐχυρός; ὄχμος `fortress' (Lyc.), ὄχμα πόρπημα H.; with ὀχμάζω `hold fest' (A., E.); adv. ὄχα `widely, by far' (ὄχ' ἄριστος Il.), ἔξοχα `in front of' (ἔχω 1 πάντων; Il.). Reduplicated formation: ἀν-οκωχή s. v.; also (ἐν) συνεοχμῳ̃?; s. v., w. compositional lengthening: εὑωχέω, s. v. - On συνοκωχότε (Β 218) s. v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [888] *seǵh- `hold, have'

Etymology: ἔχω, with reduplication ἴ-σχ-ω (\< *ἵ-σχ-ω, ( σ)ί-σχ-ω), has an exact agreement in Skt. sáhate `force, conquer' (= ἔχεται, IE *séǵʰetoi); but the zero grade aorist and the other verbal forms are isolated (GAv. zaēma not = σχοῖμεν, s. Humbach Münch. Stud. 10, 39 n. 12). In Greek the word group knew a strong development; cf. Meillet Άντίδωρον 9ff., Porzig Gliederung 115f. On the other hand in Greek fail the neutral s-stem Skt. sáhas- `force, srength, victoy', Av. hazah- `id.', Goth. sigis (cf. on ἐχυρός). The group is also represented in Celtic, e. g. in the Gaulish names Σεγο-δουνον, Sego-vellauni. - Older lit. and further forms in Bq s. v., Pokorny 888f.

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `say'.

Other forms: only 1. sg. pres. (Od.) and 3. sg. εἶρεν as aorist (B. 16, 20; 74), but εἴρετο (Α 513), - οντο (λ 342) rather `asked' (cf. Chantr. Gramn. hom. 1, 341 n. 3), εἴρεται (Arat.) for εἴρηται as sometimes hell. εἴρεκα for εἴρηκα (to ἐρρέθην), fut. ep. Ion. ἐρέω, Att. ἐρῶ, perf. med. εἴρηται (Il.; Arg. ϜεϜρημένος, Cret. Ϝερημένος), with fut. pass. ει᾽ρήσομαι (ep. Ion. Il.), perf. act. εἴρηκα (A., Ar.), aor. pass. ptc. ῥηθείς (Od.), εἰρέθην (Hdt.; rather with Lejeune Traité de phon. 136 after εἴρηται than with Schwyzer 654 from *ἐϜρέθην), Att. ἐρρήθην, hell. innovation ἐρρέθην, fut. ῥηθήσομαι (Att.) - As aorist εἶπον is used, as present φημί, λέγω, hell. also ἐρῶ (Schwyzer 784 n. 4) with ipf. ἤρεον ( εἴ-) `said' (Hp.).

Compounds: Often with prefix: προ-, προσ-, κατ-, also ἀν-, ἀπ-, δι-, ἐπ-, συν-, ὑπ-ερῶ etc.

Derivatives: Action nouns: ῥῆσις (Ion.-Att. φ 291), Arc. Ϝρῆσις `pronunciation, speech' (on the meaning Chantr. Form. 283, further Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 87f. w. n. 1), often to the prefixed verbs: ἀνά-, ἀπό-, διά-, ἐπί-, κατά-, παρά-, πρό-, πρόσ-ρησις (cf. Holt, s. index); ῥῆμα `statement, word, story', as grammatical terminus `verb' (Ion. Archil.), also ἀπό-, ἐπί-, πρό-, πρόσ-ρημα; ῥήτρα, -η (ξ 393, X., Dor.), El. Ϝράτρα *Schwyzer 679), Cypr. with dissim. Ϝρήτα (from where εὑϜρητάσατυ) `agreement, treaty, law, pronunciation' (Chantr. Form. 333), with ῥητρεύω `pronounce' (Lyc.); on τρᾱ-suffix cf. ῥητήρ, ῥήτωρ. - Agent nouns: ῥητήρ `speaker' (Ι 443), ῥήτωρ `speaker', esp. `orator' in state affairs (trag., Att.). - Verbal adj. ῥητός `agreed, settled' (Φ 445 \< *u̯rh₁-tos; cf. Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1, 20), `pronounceable, what can be said, rational' (A., S.), often opposed to ἄρρητος (e. g. Hes. Op. 4), ἀπό-, ἐπί-, πρό-ρρητος; παρα-ρρητός `convincing' (Il.; to παρά-φημι, - ειπεῖν). - Adv. δια-ρρήδην `expressly' (h. Merc. etc.; Schwyzer-Debrunner 450), ἐπι-ρρήδην `open' (hell.), ῥήδην only A. D., EM (from δια-ρρ.). - Note the juridical and official meaning of many of the nouns (cf. the non-Greek cognates below); see Porzig Satzinhalte 265f., Fournier Les verbes "dire" 5ff., 94ff., 224ff.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1162] *u̯erh₁-, u̯r̥h₁- `speak (officially)'

Etymology: With exception of isolated (Ϝ)είρω (on the digamma Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 136), which is an innovation to (Ϝ)ερέ-[σ]ω after κτεν-έ[σ]ω: κτείνω (cf. also Hitt. u̯erii̯a- below; aoristic εἶρεν [B.] after κτεῖνεν?), all forms are from disyllabic (Ϝ)ερε- and (Ϝ)ρη-; the first in the future, the latter in the perfect ( Ϝέ-Ϝρη-μαι etc.; Schwyzer 649), the passive aorist and the verbal nouns. - Cf. Hitt. Jotpresent u̯erii̯a- `call, name, order' (= (Ϝ)είρω, s. above), with the particle for the direct speech - wa(r)- prop. `said (he)'; also the Russ. deverbat. vrú, vrátь `lie, talk rot' (\< *vьrǫ, * vьrati) has been connected. Of the nouns compare Av. urvāta- n. `pronouncement, order', (IE *u̯reh₁-to-?). With (unexplained) short vowel Av. urvata- n. = Skt. vratá- n. `id.', IE *u̯re\/ o-to- (?), Russ. etc. rotá `oath', IE. *u̯ro-tā (?); monosyllabic with old dh-enlargement Lat. verbum, Lith. var̃das `name', Goth. waúrd `word'. Very doubtful is (on a wrong place, after ἔραχος, given ἔρθει φθέγγεται H. (not to verbum, which would give *ἐρεθ-) - S. also εἴρων.

Page in Frisk: 1,470-471

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `mix, bring together, connect', midd. `mix with each other, convene in battle' (Il.).

Other forms: (- μιγ-, s. below; posthom.), - ύω (X., Arist.), μίσγω (Hom., IA. usw.), ὀνεμείχνυτο (Sapph.), aor. μεῖξαι, midd. (ep.) μίκτο (σ- or root aor., Schwyzer 751, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 383), pass. μιγῆναι with fut. - ήσομαι, μ(ε)ιχθῆναι with - ήσομαι, fut. μείξω, - ομαι, perf. midd. μέμ(ε)ιγμαι; act. (hell.) μέμιχα.

Compounds: Very often with prefix, e.g συν-, ἐπι-, κατα-, ἀνα-. As 1. member in governing compp. μ(ε)ιξ(ο)-, e.g. μιξ-έλληνες pl. `mixed-, halfhellenes' (Hellanik., hell.), μ(ε)ιξό-θροος `mixing the crying, with mixed crys' (A.); also μισγ-, esp in μισγ-άγκεια f. `place, where clefts meet' (Δ 453), from *μισγ-αγκής, s. Schwyzer 442, Sommer Nominalkomp. 174 f., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 15. As 2. member in παμ-, ἀνα-, συμ-μιγής etc. (IA.); from there μιγής (Nic-.; Schwyzer 426 a. 513), ἀνα-, ἐπι-μίξ adv. `mixed' (Il.).

Derivatives: Few derivv. 1. ( σύμ-) μεῖξις (- ι-) `mixing etc.' (IA.; Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 100 A. 2); 2. μεῖγμα (- ί-) `mixing' (Emp., Anaxag., Arist.; μεῖχμ[α] Alc.); 3. ἐπιμ(ε)ιξία, - ίη `mixing, intercourse' (IA.); from ἐπίμ(ε)ικ-τος. 4. μιγάς, - άδος m. f. `mixed, together' (Att.). 5. Several adverbs: ( σύμ-)μίγα, μιγά-δην, - δις, μίγ-δα, - δην (ep. poet.). 6. μιγάζομαι `mix, unite' (θ 271: μίγα, μιγάς; Schwyzer 734).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [714] *meiǵ\/ḱ- `mix'.

Etymology: Whether μίγνυμι, which is fequent in mss., is an original zero grade, is very doubtful. Prob. μείγνυμι, built after μεῖξαι, μείξω was early (Schwyzer 697 w. n. 5). Also for other, in principle zero grade forms ( μίξις, ( σύμ) - μικτος, μέμιγμαι) the full grade is often found, μεῖξις etc. For the media in μίσγω, if from *μίγ-σκ-ω (diff. Wackernagel KZ 33, 39 = Kl. Schr. 1, 718: from *μι-μσγ-ω to Lat. mergō etc.), μιγῆναι, μίγα all other languages have tenuis, IE *m(e)iḱ-: Skt. miś-rá- = Lith. mìš-ras `mixed', Balt., e.g. Lith. miešiù, miẽšti `mix', Slav. (caus.), e.g. OCS měšǫ, měšiti `mix'. An iranian maēz- (IE *meiǵ-) in the sense of `mix', adopted by Smith Lang. 4, 178ff. because of Y. 44, 20, does not exist, s. Humbach Münch. Stud. 2, 7, where de form is connected from maēz- `urinate'. A sḱ-present is also well represented in the West: Lat. misceō, OIr. mesc(a)id `mixes, dips in, confuses', Germ., e.g. OHG miscan, NHG mischen (if not Lat. LW [loanword]). The νυ-present however is limited to Greek (so prob. innovation). The nasalinfixed GAv. minaš-, mostly rendered as `you shall mix' (pres. myāsa-), is by Humbach l.c. also derived from maēz- `urinate'. Indian has a reduplicated s-formation in mí-mikṣ-ati `mix' (prob. prop. desiderative), with perf. mimikṣé, caus. mekṣayati. On themselves stand the full grade forms Skt. pres. myakṣati = Av. myāsa-; on the root analysis s. Kuiper Nasalpräs. 123. Also the aorist μεῖξαι is isolated as well as μιγῆναι and the other forms with γ, which is prob. due to assimilation. -- Details in WP. 2, 244f., Pok.714, W. -Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. misceō, Fraenkel s. miẽšti, Vasmer s. mesítь.

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εἰμί (Hom.+) impv. ἴσθι, ἔσο IPol 4:1, ἔστω—also colloq. ἤτω (BGU 276, 24; 419, 13; POxy 533, 9; Ps 103:31; 1 Macc 10:31) 1 Cor 16:22; Js 5:12; 1 Cl 48:5; Hv 3, 3, 4;—3 pers. pl. ἔστωσαν (ins since 200 B.C. Meisterhans³-Schw. 191; PPetr III, 2, 22 [237 B.C.]) Lk 12:35; 1 Ti 3:12; GJs 7:2. Inf. εἶναι. Impf. 1 pers. only mid. ἤμην (Jos., Bell. 1, 389; 631; s. further below); ἦν only Ac 20:18 D, 2 pers. ἦσθα (Jos., Ant. 6, 104) Mt 26:69; Mk 14:67 and ἦς (Lobeck, Phryn. 149 ‘say ἦσθα’; Jos., Ant. 17, 110 al.; Sb 6262, 16 [III A.D.]) Mt 25:21, 23 al., 3 sg. ἦν, 1 pl. ἦμεν. Beside this the mid. form ἤμην (pap since III B.C.; Job 29:16; Tob 12:13 BA), s. above, gives the pl. ἤμεθα (pap since III B.C.; Bar 1:19) Mt 23:30; Ac 27:37; Eph 2:3. Both forms in succession Gal. 4:3. Fut. ἔσομαι, ptc. ἐσόμενος. The mss. vary in choice of act. or mid., but like the edd. lean toward the mid. (W-S. §14, 1; Mlt-H. 201–3; Rob. index; B-D-F §98; Rdm.² 99; 101f; Helbing 108f; Reinhold 86f). Also s. ἔνι.

① be, exist, be on hand a pred. use (for other pred. use s. 3a, 4, 5, 6, 7): of God (Epicurus in Diog. L. 10, 123 θεοί εἰσιν; Zaleucus in Diod S 12, 20, 2 θεοὺς εἶναι; Wsd 12:13; Just., D. 128, 4 angels) ἔστιν ὁ θεός God exists Hb 11:6; cp. 1 Cor 8:5. ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν the one who is and who was (cp. SibOr 3, 16; as amulet PMich 155, 3 [II A.D.] ὁ ὢν θεὸς ὁ Ἰάω κύριος παντοκράτωρ=the god … who exists.) Rv 11:17; 16:5. ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος, in this and the two preceding passages ἦν is treated as a ptc. (for the unusual use of ἦν cp. Simonides 74 D.: ἦν ἑκατὸν φιάλαι) 1:4; 4:8 (cp. Ex 3:14; Wsd 13:1; Paus. 10, 12, 10 Ζεὺς ἦν, Ζ. ἔστι, Ζ. ἔσσεται; cp. Theosophien 18. S. OWeinreich, ARW 19, 1919, 178f). οὐδʼ εἶναι θεὸν παντοκράτορα AcPlCor 1:11. ἐγώ εἰμι (ins in the Athena-Isis temple of Saïs in Plut., Is. et Os. 9, 354c: ἐγώ εἰμι πᾶν τὸ γεγονὸς κ. ὸ̓ν κ. ἐσόμενον. On the role of Isis in Gk. rel. s. IBergman, Ich bin Isis ’68; RMerkelbach, Isis Regina—Zeus Sarapis ’95; for further lit. s. MGustafson in: Prayer fr. Alexander to Constantine, ed. MKiley et al. ’97, 158.) Rv 1:8 (s. ἐγώ beg.). ὁ ὤν, … θεός Ro 9:5 is classed here and taken to mean Christ by JWordsworth ad loc. and HWarner, JTS 48, ’47, 203f. Of the λόγος: ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λ. J 1:1 (for ἦν cp. Herm. Wr. 1, 4; 3, 1b ἦν σκότος, Fgm. IX 1 p. 422, 23 Sc. γέγονεν ἡ ὕλη καὶ ἦν).—Of Christ πρὶν Ἀβραὰμ γενέσθαι, ἐγὼ εἰμί before Abraham was born, I am 8:58 (on the pres. εἰμί cp. Parmenides 8, 5: of the Eternal we cannot say ἦν οὐδʼ ἔσται, only ἔστιν; Ammonius Hermiae [Comm. in Aristotl. IV 5 ed. ABusse 1897] 6 p. 172: in Timaeus we read that we must not say of the gods τὸ ἦν ἢ τὸ ἔσται μεταβολῆς τινος ὄντα σημαντικά, μόνον δὲ τὸ ἔστι=‘was’ or ‘will be’, suggesting change, but only ‘is’; Ps 89:2; DBall, ‘I Am’ in John’s Gospel [JSNT Suppl. 124] ’96).—Of the world πρὸ τοῦ τὸν κόσμον εἶναι before the world existed 17:5. Satirically, of the beast, who parodies the Lamb, ἦν καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν Rv 17:8. Of God’s temple: ἔστιν B 16:6f it exists. τὸ μὴ ὄν that which does not exist, the unreal (Sallust. 17 p. 32, 7 and 9; Philo, Aet. M. 5; 82) Hm 1:1. τὰ ὄντα that which exists contrasted w. τὰ μὴ ὄντα Ro 4:17; cp. 1 Cor 1:28; 2 Cl 1:8. Of God κτίσας ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος τὰ ὄντα what is out of what is not Hv 1, 1, 6 (on the contrast τὰ ὄντα and τὰ μὴ ὄντα cp. Ps.-Arist. on Xenophanes: Fgm. 21, 28; Artem. 1, 51 p. 49, 19 τὰ μὴ ὄντα ὡς ὄντα; Ocellus Luc. 12; Sallust. 17, 5 p. 30, 28–32, 12; Philo, Op. M. 81; PGM 4, 3077f ποιήσαντα τὰ πάντα ἐξ ὧν οὐκ ὄντων εἰς τὸ εἶναι; 13, 272f τὸν ἐκ μὴ ὄντων εἶναι ποιήσαντα καὶ ἐξ ὄντων μὴ εἶναι; Theoph. Ant. 1, 4 [p. 64, 21] τὰ πάντα ὁ θεὸς ἐποίησεν ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων εἰς τὸ εἶναι).—Of existing in the sense be present, available, provided πολλοῦ ὄχλου ὄντος since a large crowd was present Mk 8:1. ὄντων τῶν προσφερόντων those are provided who offer Hb 8:4. οὔπω ἦν πνεῦμα the Spirit had not yet come J 7:39. ἀκούσας ὄντα σιτία when he heard that grain was available Ac 7:12.—Freq. used to introduce parables and stories (once) there was: ἄνθρωπός τις ἦν πλούσιος there was (once) a rich man Lk 16:1, 19. ἦν ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τ. Φαρισαίων there was a man among the Pharisees J 3:1.—There is, there are ὥσπερ εἰσὶν θεοὶ πολλοί as there are many gods 1 Cor 8:5. διαιρέσεις χαρισμάτων εἰσίν there are various kinds of spiritual gifts 12:4ff; 1J 5:16 al. Neg. οὐκ ἔστι there is (are) not, no (Ps 52:2; Simplicius in Epict. p. 95, 42 as a quot. from ‘tragedy’ οὐκ εἰσὶν θεοί) δίκαιος there is no righteous man Ro 3:10 (Eccl 7:20). ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν οὐκ ἔστιν there is no resurr. of the dead 1 Cor 15:12; οὐδʼ εἶναι ἀνάστασιν AcPlCor 1:12; 2:24; cp. Mt 22:23; Ac 23:8 (cp. 2 Macc 7:14). εἰσὶν οἵ, or οἵτινες there are people who (Hom. et al.; LXX; Just., D. 47, 2 εἰ μήτι εἰσὶν οἱ λέγοντες ὅτι etc.—W. sing. and pl. combined: Arrian, Ind. 24, 9 ἔστι δὲ οἳ διέφυγον=but there are some who escaped) Mt 16:28; 19:12; Mk 9:1; Lk 9:27; J 6:64; Ac 11:20. Neg. οὐδείς ἐστιν ὅς there is no one who Mk 9:39; 10:29; Lk 1:61; 18:29. As a question τίς ἐστιν ὅς; who is there that? Mt 12:11—In an unusual (perh. bureaucratic terminology) participial construction Ac 13:1 ἡ οὖσα ἐκκλησία the congregation there (cp. Ps.-Pla., Eryx. 6, 394c οἱ ὄντες ἄνθρωποι=the people with whom he has to deal; PLond III 1168, 5 p. 136 [18 A.D.] ἐπὶ ταῖς οὔσαις γειτνίαις=on the adjoining areas there; PGen 49; PSI 229, 11 τοῦ ὄντος μηνός of the current month); cp. 14:13.—αἱ οὖσαι (sc. ἐξουσίαι) those that exist Ro 13:1 (cp. UPZ 180a I, 4 [113 B.C.] ἐφʼ ἱερέων καὶ ἱερειῶν τῶν ὄντων καὶ οὐσῶν).

② to be in close connection (with), is, freq. in statements of identity or equation, as a copula, the equative function, uniting subject and predicate. On absence of the copula, Mlt-Turner 294–310.

ⓐ gener. πραΰς εἰμι I am gentle Mt 11:29. ἐγώ εἰμι Γαβριήλ Lk 1:19. σὺ εἶ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Mk 3:11; J 1:49 and very oft. ἵνα … ὁ πονηρὸς … ἐλεγχθῇ [το? s. app. in Bodm.] μὴ ὢν θεός AcPlCor 2:15 (Just., D. 3, 3 φιλολόγος οὖν τις εἶ σύ).—The pred. can be supplied fr. the context: καὶ ἐσμέν and we are (really God’s children) 1J 3:1 (Eur., Ion 309 τ. θεοῦ καλοῦμαι δοῦλος εἰμί τε. Dio Chrys. 14 [31], 58 θεοφιλεῖς οἱ χρηστοὶ λέγονται καὶ εἰσίν; Epict. 2, 16, 44 Ἡρακλῆς ἐπιστεύθη Διὸς υἱὸς εἶναι καὶ ἦν.—The ptc. ὤν, οὖσα, ὄν used w. a noun or adj.and serving as an if-, since-, or although-clause sim. functions as a copula πονηροὶ ὄντες Mt 7:11; 12:34.—Lk 20:36; J 3:4; 4:9; Ac 16:21; Ro 5:10; 1 Cor 8:7; Gal 2:3 al.).—W. adv. of quality: οὕτως εἶναι be so preceded by ὥσπερ, καθώς or followed by ὡς, ὥσπερ Mt 13:40; 24:27, 37, 39; Mk 4:26; Lk 17:26. W. dat. of pers. οὕτως ἔσται ὁ υἱὸς τ. ἀ. τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ so the Human One (Son of Man) will be for this generation 11:30. εἰμὶ ὡσ/ὥσπερ I am like Mt 6:5; Lk 18:11. W. dat. ἔστω σοι ὥσπερ τελώνης he shall be to you as a tax-collector Mt 18:17. εἰμὶ ὥς τις I am like someone of outward and inward similarity 28:3; Lk 6:40; 11:44; 22:27 al. καθώς εἰμι as I am Ac 22:3; 1J 3:2, 7; 4:17.—W. demonstr. pron. (Just., A I, 16, 1 ἃ ἔφη, ταῦτά ἐστι: foll. by a quotation; sim. 48, 5 ἔστι δὲ ταῦτα; and oft.) τὰ ὀνόματά ἐστιν ταῦτα Mt 10:2. αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ μαρτυρία J 1:19. W. inf. foll. θρησκεία αὕτη ἐστίν, ἐπισκέπτεσθαι Js 1:27. W. ὅτι foll. αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ κρίσις, ὅτι τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν J 3:19; cp. 21:24; 1J 1:5; 3:11; 5:11. W. ἵνα foll. τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ ἔργον, ἵνα πιστεύητε J 6:29; cp. vs. 39f; 15:12; 17:3; 1J 3:11, 23; 5:3. W. τηλικοῦτος: τὰ πλοῖα, τηλικαῦτα ὄντα though they are so large Js 3:4. W. τοσοῦτος: τοσοῦτων ὄντων although there were so many J 21:11. W. τοιοῦτος: τοιοῦτος ὤν Phlm 9 (cp. Just., A I, 18, 4 ὅσα ἄλλα τοιαῦτά ἐστι).—W. interrog. pron. ὑμεῖς τίνα με λέγετε εἶναι; who do you say I am? Mt 16:15; cp. 21:10; Mk 1:24; 4:41; 8:27, 29; Lk 4:34 al.; σὺ τίς εἶ; J 1:19; 8:25; 21:12 al. (cp. JosAs 14:6 τίς εἶ συ tell me ‘who you are’). σὺ τίς εἶ ὁ κρίνων; (Pla., Gorg. 452b; Strabo 6, 2, 4 σὺ τίς εἶ ὁ τὸν Ὅμηρον ψέγων ὡς μυθογράφον;) Ro 14:4; ἐγὼ τίς ἤμην; (cp. Ex 3:11) Ac 11:17; τίς εἰμι ἐγὼ ὅτι who am I, that GJs 12:2 (Ex 3:11). W. πόσος: πόσος χρόνος ἐστίν; how long a time? Mk 9:21. W. ποταπός of what sort Lk 1:29.—W. relative pron. οἷος 2 Cor 10:11; ὁποῖος Ac 26:29; 1 Cor 3:13; Gal 2:6; ὅς Rv 1:19; ὅστις Gal 5:10, 19.—W. numerals ἦσαν οἱ φαγόντες πεντακισχίλιοι ἄνδρες 6:44 (cp. Polyaenus 7, 25 ἦσαν οἱ πεσόντες ἀνδρῶν μυριάδες δέκα); cp. Ac 19:7; 23:13. Λάζαρος εἷς ἦν ἐκ τῶν ἀνακειμένων L. was one of those at the table J 12:2; cp. Gal 3:20; Js 2:19. τῶν πιστευσάντων ἦν καρδία καὶ ψυχὴ μία Ac 4:32. εἷς εἶναι be one and the same Gal 3:28. ἓν εἶναι be one J 10:30; 17:11, 21ff; 1 Cor 3:8.—οὐδʼ εἶναι τὴν πλάσιν τὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων τοῦ θεοῦ (that) the creation of humankind is not God’s doing AcPlCor 1:13.—To establish identity the formula ἐγώ εἰμι is oft. used in the gospels (corresp. to Hebr. אֲנִי הוּא Dt 32:39; Is 43:10), in such a way that the predicate must be understood fr. the context: Mt 14:27; Mk 6:50; 13:6; 14:62; Lk 22:70; J 4:26; 6:20; 8:24, 28; 13:19; 18:5f and oft.; s. on ἐγώ.—In a question μήτι ἐγώ εἰμι; surely it is not I? Mt 26:22, 25.

ⓑ to describe a special connection betw. the subject and a predicate noun ἡμεῖς ναὸς θεοῦ ἐσμεν ζῶντος we are a temple of the living God 2 Cor 6:16. ἡ ἐπιστολὴ ὑμεῖς ἐστε you are our letter (of recommendation) 3:2. σφραγίς μου τῆς ἀποστολῆς ὑμεῖς ἐστε you are the seal of my apostleship 1 Cor 9:2 and oft.

ⓒ in explanations:

α. to show how someth. is to be understood is a representation of, is the equivalent of; εἰμί here, too, serves as copula; we usually translate mean, so in the formula τοῦτʼ ἔστιν this or that means, that is to say (Epict., Ench. 33, 10; Arrian, Tact. 29, 3; SIG 880, 50; PFlor 157, 4; PSI 298, 9; PMert 91, 9; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 16; ApcMos 19; Just., D. 56, 23; 78, 3 al.) Mk 7:2; Ac 19:4; Ro 7:18; 9:8; 10:6, 8; Phlm 12; Hb 7:5 al.; in the sense that is (when translated) (Polyaenus 8, 14, 1 Μάξιμος ἀνηγορεύθη• τοῦτο δʼ ἄν εἴη Μέγιστον) Mt 27:46; Ac 1:19. So also w. relative pron.: ὅ ἐστιν Mk 3:17; 7:11, 34; Hb 7:2. After verbs of asking, recognizing, knowing and not knowing (Antiphanes Com. 231, 1f τὸ ζῆν τί ἐστι;) μάθετε τί ἐστιν learn what (this) means Mt 9:13. εἰ ἐγνώκειτε τί ἐστιν 12:7; cp. Mk 1:27; 9:10; Lk 20:17; J 16:17f; Eph 4:9. W. an indir. question (Stephan. Byz. s.v. Ἀγύλλα: τὶς ἠρώτα τί ἂν εἴη τὸ ὄνομα) τί ἂν εἴη ταῦτα Lk 15:26; τί εἴη τοῦτο 18:36. τίνα θέλει ταῦτα εἶναι what this means Ac 17:20; cp. 2:12, where the question is not about the mng. of terms but the significance of what is happening.—Esp. in interpr. of the parables (Artem. 1, 51 p. 48, 26 ἄρουρα οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἐστὶν ἢ γυνή=field means nothing else than woman) ὁ ἀγρός ἐστιν ὁ κόσμος the field means the world Mt 13:38; cp. vss. 19f, 22f; Mk 4:15f, 18, 20; Lk 8:11ff (cp. Gen 41:26f; Ezk 37:11; Ath. 22, 4 [Stoic interpr. of myths]). On τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου Mt 26:26; Mk 14:22; Lk 22:19 and its various interpretations, see lit. s.v. εὐχαριστία. Cp. Hipponax (VI B.C.) 45 Diehl αὕτη γάρ ἐστι συμφορή=this means misfortune.

β. to be of relative significance, be of moment or importance, amount to someth. w. indef. pron. εἰδωλόθυτόν τί ἐστιν meat offered to idols means anything 1 Cor 10:19. Esp. εἰμί τι I mean someth. of pers. 1 Cor 3:7; Gal 2:6; 6:3; and of things vs. 15. εἰμί τις Ac 5:36.—Of no account ἐμοὶ εἰς ἐλάχιστόν ἐστιν (telescoped fr. ἐλάχ. ἐστιν and εἰς ἐλάχ. γίνεται, of which there are many exx. in Schmid, I 398; II 161, 237; III 281; IV 455) it is of little or no importance to me 1 Cor 4:3.

③ be in reference to location, persons, condition, or time, be

ⓐ of various relations or positions involving a place or thing: w. ἀπό: εἶναι ἀπό τινος be or come from a certain place (X., An. 2, 4, 13) J 1:44.—W. ἐν: ἐν τοῖς τ. πατρός μου in my father’s house Lk 2:49 (cp. Jos., Ant. 16, 302 καταγωγὴ ἐν τοῖς Ἀντιπάτρου). ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ on the way Mk 10:32. ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ Mt 24:26. ἐν ἀγρῷ Lk 15:25. ἐν δεξιᾷ τ. θεοῦ at God’s right hand Ro 8:34; in heaven Eph 6:9.—W. εἰς: τὴν κοίτην Lk 11:7; τὸν κόλπον J1:18.—W. ἐπὶ w. gen. be on someth. of place, roof Lk 17:31; head J 20:7 (cp. 1 Macc 1:59); also fig., of one who is over someone (1 Macc 10:69; Jdth 14:13 ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων τῶν αὐτοῦ) Ro 9:5 (of the angel of death Mel., P. 20, 142 ἐπὶ τῶν πρωτοτόκων); also ἐπάνω τινός J 3:31.—W. dat. be at someth. the door Mt 24:33; Mk 13:29.—W. acc. be on someone: grace Lk 2:40; Ac 4:33; spirit (Is 61:1) Lk 2:25; εἶναι ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό be in the same place, together (Gen 29:2 v.l.) Ac 1:15; 2:1, 44; 1 Cor 7:5.—W. κατά w. acc. εἶναι κατὰ τὴν Ἰουδαίαν be in Judea Ac 11:1; εἶναι ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ κατὰ τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν were at Antioch in the congregation there 13:1.—W. ὑπό w. acc. τι or τινα of place be under someth. J 1:48; 1 Cor 10:1.—W. παρά w. acc. παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν by the sea- (i.e. lake-) shore Mk 5:21; Ac 10:6.—W. πρός τι be close to, facing someth. Mk 4:1.—W. adv. of place ἐγγύς τινι near someth. Ac 9:38; 27:8. μακρὰν (ἀπό) Mk 12:34; J 21:8; Eph 2:13; also πόρρω Lk 14:32. χωρίς τινος without someth. Hb 12:8. ἐνθάδε Ac 16:28. ἔσω J 20:26. ἀπέναντί τινος Ro 3:18 (Ps 35:2). ἐκτός τινος 1 Cor 6:18; ἀντίπερά τινος Lk 8:26; ὁμοῦ J 21:2; οὗ Mt 2:9; ὅπου Mk 2:4; 5:40. ὧδε Mt 17:4; Mk 9:5; Lk 9:33. Also w. fut. mng. (ESchwartz, GGN 1908, 161 n.; on the fut. use of the pres. cp. POxy 531, 22 [II A.D.] ἔστι δὲ τοῦ Τῦβι μηνὸς σοὶ ὸ̔ θέλεις) ὅπου εἰμί J 7:34, 36; 12:26; 14:3; 17:24. As pred., to denote a relatively long stay at a place, stay, reside ἴσθι ἐκεῖ stay there Mt 2:13, cp. vs. 15; ἐπʼ ἐρήμοις τόποις in lonely places Mk 1:45; ἦν παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν he stayed by the lakeside 5:21.

ⓑ involving humans or transcendent beings: w. adv. ἔμπροσθέν τινος Lk 14:2. ἔναντί τινος Ac 8:21; ἐνώπιόν τινος Lk 14:10; Ac 4:19; 1 Pt 3:4; Rv 7:15; ἐντός τινος Lk 17:21; ἐγγύς τινος J 11:18; 19:20; Ro 10:8 (Dt 30:14).—W. prep. ἐν τινί equiv. to ἔκ τινος εἶναι be among Mt 27:56; cp. Mk 15:40; Ro 1:6. Of God, who is among his people 1 Cor 14:25 (Is 45:14; Jer 14:9); of the Spirit J 14:17. Of persons under Christ’s direction: ἐν θεῷ 1J 2:5; 5:20 (s. Norden, Agn. Th. 23, 1). ἔν τινι rest upon, arise from someth. (Aristot., Pol. 7, 1, 3 [1323b, 1] ἐν ἀρετῇ; Sir 9:16) Ac 4:12; 1 Cor 2:5; Eph 5:18.—εἴς τινα be directed, inclined toward Ac 23:30; 2 Cor 7:15; 1 Pt 1:21.—κατά w. gen. be against someone (Sir 6:12) Mt 12:30; Mk 9:40 and Lk 9:50 (both opp. ὑπέρ); Gal 5:23.—σύν τινι be with someone (Jos., Ant. 7, 181) Lk 22:56; 24:44; Ac 13:7; accompany, associate w. someone Lk 8:38; Ac 4:13; 22:9; take sides with someone (X., Cyr. 5, 4, 37; 7, 5, 77; Jos., Ant. 11, 259 [of God]) Ac 14:4.—πρός τινα be with someone Mt 13:56; Mk 6:3; J 1:1f. I am to be compared w. IMg 12.—μετά and gen. be with someone (Judg 14:11) Mt 17:17; Mk 3:14; 5:18; J 3:26; 12:17; ἔστω μεθʼ ὑμῶν εἰρήνη AcPlCor 2:40; of God, who is with someone (Gen 21:20; Judg 6:13 al.; Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 4; Jos., Ant. 6, 181; 15, 138) Lk 1:66; J 3:2; 8:29; Ac 10:38 al.; also be with in the sense be favorable to, in league with (Ex 23:2) Mt 12:30; Lk 11:23; of punishment attending a pers. τὸ πῦρ ἐστι μετʼ αὐτοῦ AcPlCor 2:37.—παρά and gen. come from someone (X., An. 2, 4, 15; Just., D. 8, 4 ἔλεος παρὰ θεοῦ) fr. God J 6:46; 7:29; w. dat. be with, among persons Mt 22:25; Ac 10:6. W. neg. be strange to someone, there is no … in someone Ro 2:11; 9:14; Eph 6:9.—ὑπέρ w. gen. be on one’s side Mk 9:4 and Lk 9:50 (both opp. κατά); w. acc. be superior to (Sir 25:10; 30:16) Lk 6:40.

ⓒ of condition or circumstance: κατά w. acc. live in accordance with (Sir 28:10; 43:8; 2 Macc 9:20) κατὰ σάκρα, πνεῦμα Ro 8:5. οὐκ ἔστιν κατὰ ἄνθρωπον not human (in origin) Gal 1:11.—Fig. ὑπό w. acc. be under (the power of) someth. Ro 3:9; 6:14f; Gal 3:10, 25.—W. ἐν of existing ἐν τῷ θεῷ εἶναι of humankind: have its basis of existence in God Ac 17:28. Of states of being: ἐν δόξῃ 2 Cor 3:8; ἐν εἰρήνῃ Lk 11:21; ἐν ἔχθρᾳ at enmity 23:12; ἐν κρίματι under condemnation vs. 40. ἐν ῥύσει αἵματος suffer from hemorrhages Mk 5:25; Lk 8:43 (cp. Soph., Aj. 271 ἦν ἐν τῇ νόσῳ; cp. TestJob 35:1 ἐν πληγαῖς πολλαῖς). Periphrastically for an adj. ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ authoritative Lk 4:32. ἐν βάρει important 1 Th 2:7. ἐν τῇ πίστει true believers, believing 2 Cor 13:5. Be involved in someth. ἐν ἑορτῇ be at the festival=take part in it J 2:23. ἐν τούτοις ἴσθι devote yourself to these things 1 Ti 4:15 (cp. X., Hell. 4, 8, 7 ἐν τοιούτοις ὄντες=occupied w. such things; Jos., Ant. 2, 346 ἐν ὕμνοις ἦσαν=they occupied themselves w. the singing of hymns).—Fig., live in the light 1J 2:9; cp. vs. 11; 1 Th 5:4; in the flesh Ro 7:5; 8:8; AcPlCor 1:6. ἐν οἷς εἰμι in the situation in which I find myself Phil 4:11 (X., Hell. 4, 2, 1; Diod S 12, 63, 5; 12, 66, 4; Appian, Hann. 55 §228 ἐν τούτοις ἦν=he was in this situation; Jos., Ant. 7, 232 ἐν τούτοις ἦσαν=found themselves in this sit.; TestJob 35:6 ἐν τίνι ἐστίν; s. ZPE VIII 170). ἐν πολλοῖς ὢν ἀστοχήμασι AcPlCor 2:1. Of characteristics, emotions, etc. ἔν τινί ἐστιν, e.g. ἀδικία J 7:18; ἄγνοια Eph 4:18; ἀλήθεια J 8:44; 2 Cor 11:10 (cp. 1 Macc 7:18); ἁμαρτία 1J 3:5.

ⓓ of time ἐγγύς of καιρός be near Mt 26:18; Mk 13:28. πρὸς ἑσπέραν ἐστίν it is toward evening Lk 24:29 (Just., D. 137, 4 πρὸς δυσμὰς … ὁ ἥλιός ἐστι).

④ to be alive in a period of time, live, denoting temporal existence (Hom., Trag., Thu. et al.; Sir 42:21; En 102:5 Philo, De Jos. 17; Jos., Ant. 7, 254) εἰ ἤμεθα ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν if we had lived in the days of our fathers Mt 23:30. ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶν because they were no more 2:18 (Jer 38:15). ἦσαν ἐπὶ χρόνον ἱκανόν (those who were healed and raised by Christ) remained alive for quite some time Qua.

⑤ to be the time at which someth. takes place w. indications of specific moments or occasions, be (X., Hell. 4, 5, 1, An. 4, 3, 8; Sus 13 Theod.; 1 Macc 6:49; 2 Macc 8:26; Jos., Ant. 6, 235 νουμηνία δʼ ἦν; 11, 251): ἦν ὥρα ἕκτη it was the sixth hour (=noon acc. to Jewish reckoning) Lk 23:44; J 4:6; 19:14.—Mk 15:25; J 1:39. ἦν ἑσπέρα ἤδη it was already evening Ac 4:3. πρωί̈ J 18:28. ἦν παρασκευή Mk 15:42. ἦν ἑορτὴ τῶν Ἰουδαίων J 5:1. σάββατόν ἐστιν vs. 10 et al. Short clauses (as Polyaenus 4, 9, 2 νὺξ ἦν; 7, 44, 2 πόλεμος ἦν; exc. 36, 8 ἦν ἀρίστου ὥρα; Jos., Ant. 19, 248 ἔτι δὲ νὺξ ἦν) χειμὼν ἦν J 10:22; ἦν δὲ νύξ (sim. Jos., Bell. 4, 64) 13:30; ψύχος it was cold 18:18; καύσων ἔσται it will be hot Lk 12:55.

⑥ to take place as a phenomenon or event, take place, occur, become, be, be in (Hom., Thu. et al.; LXX; En 104:5; 106:6.—Cp. Just., D. 82, 2 of Christ’s predictions ὅπερ καὶ ἔστι ‘which is in fact the case’.) ἔσται θόρυβος τοῦ λαοῦ a popular uprising Mk 14:2. γογγυσμὸς ἦν there was (much) muttering J 7:12. σχίσμα there was a division 9:16; 1 Cor 1:10; 12:25. ἔριδες … εἰσίν quarrels are going on 1:11. δεῖ αἱρέσεις εἶναι 11:19. θάνατος, πένθος, κραυγή, πόνος ἔσται Rv 21:4. ἔσονται λιμοὶ κ. σεισμοί Mt 24:7. Hence τὸ ἐσόμενον what was going to happen (Sir 48:25) Lk 22:49. πότε ταῦτα ἔσται; when will this happen? Mt 24:3. πῶς ἔσται τοῦτο; how can this be? Lk 1:34. Hebraistically (הָיָה; s. KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT, ’62, 63–65) καὶ ἔσται w. fut. of another verb foll. and it will come about that Ac 2:17 (Jo 3:1); 3:23 (w. δέ); Ro 9:26 (Hos 2:1).—W. dat. ἐστί τινι happen, be granted, come, to someone (X., An. 2, 1, 10; Jos., Ant. 11, 255; Just., D. 8, 4 σοὶ … ἔλεος ἔσται παρὰ θεοῦ) Mt 16:22; Mk 11:24; Lk 2:10; GJs 1:1; 4:3; 8:3; τί ἐστίν σοι τοῦτο, ὅτι what is the matter with you, that GJs 17:2.—Of becoming or turning into someth. become someth. εἰς χολὴν πικρίας εἶναι become bitter gall Ac 8:23. εἰς σάρκα μίαν Mt 19:5; Mk 10:8; 1 Cor 6:16; Eph 5:31 (all Gen 2:24. Cp. Syntipas p. 42, 24 οὐκ ἔτι ἔσομαι μετὰ σοῦ εἰς γυναῖκα); τὰ σκολιὰ εἰς εὐθείας Lk 3:5 (Is 40:4); εἰς πατέρα 2 Cor 6:18; Hb 1:5 (2 Km 7:14; 1 Ch 22:10; 28:6); εἰς τὸ ἕν 1J 5:8.— Serve as someth. (IPriene 50, 39 [c. II B.C.] εἶναι εἰς φυλακὴν τ. πόλεως; Aesop., Fab. 28 H.=18 P.; 26 Ch.; 18 H-H. εἰς ὠφέλειαν; Gen 9:13; s. also εἰς 4d) 1 Cor 14:22; Col 2:22; Js 5:3.—Of something being ἀνεκτότερον ἔσται it will be more tolerable τινί for someone Lk 10:12, 14.

⑦ to exist as possibility ἔστιν w. inf. foll. it is possible, one can (Περὶ ὕψους 6; Diog. L. 1, 110 ἔστιν εὑρεῖν=one can find; Just., A I, 59, 10 ἔστι ταῦτα ἀκοῦσαι καὶ μαθεῖν; D. 42, 3 ἰδεῖν al.; Mel., P. 19, 127); neg. οὐκ ἔστιν νῦν λέγειν it is not possible to speak at this time Hb 9:5. οὐκ ἔστιν φαγεῖν it is impossible to eat 1 Cor 11:20 (so Hom. et al.; UPZ 70, 23 [152/151 B.C.] οὐκ ἔστι ἀνακύψαι με πώποτε … ὑπὸ τῆς αἰσχύνης; 4 Macc 13:5; Wsd 5:10; Sir 14:16; 18:6; EpJer 49 al.; EpArist 163; Jos., Ant. 2, 335; Ath. 22, 3 ἔστιν εἰπεῖν).

⑧ to have a point of derivation or origin, be,/come from somewhere ἐκ τῆς ἐξουσίας Ἡρῴδου from Herod’s jurisdiction Lk 23:7; ἐκ Ναζαρέτ (as an insignificant place) J 1:46; ἐκ τῆς γῆς 3:31; ἐκ γυναικός 1 Cor 11:8 al. ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐξ ἀνθρώπων be of heavenly (divine), human descent Mt 21:25; Mk 11:30; Lk 20:4. Be generated by (cp. Sb 8141, 21f [ins I B.C.] οὐδʼ ἐκ βροτοῦ ἤεν ἄνακτος, ἀλλὰ θεοῦ μεγάλου ἔκγονος; En 106:6) Mt 1:20. Esp. in Johannine usage ἐκ τοῦ διαβόλου εἶναι originate from the devil J 8:44; 1J 3:8. ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ 3:12; ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου J 15:19; 17:14, 16; 1J 4:5. ἐκ τῆς ἀληθείας εἶναι 2:21; J 18:37 etc. Cp. 9 end.

⑨ to belong to someone or someth. through association or genetic affiliation, be, belong w. simple gen. (X., Hell. 2, 4, 36; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 33, 230 τῶν Πυθαγορείων) οἱ τῆς ὁδοῦ ὄντες those who belong to the Way Ac 9:2. εἰμὶ Παύλου I belong to Paul 1 Cor 1:12; 3:4; cp. Ro 8:9; 2 Cor 10:7; 1 Ti 1:20; Ac 23:6. ἡμέρας εἶναι belong to the day 1 Th 5:8, cp. vs. 5. W. ἔκ τινος 1 Cor 12:15f; Mt 26:73; Mk 14:69f; Lk 22:58 al. (cp. X., Mem. 3, 6, 17; oft LXX). ἐκ τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ τῶν δώδεκα belong to the twelve 22:3. ὅς ἐστιν ἐξ ὑμῶν who is a fellow-countryman of yours Col 4:9.—To belong through origin 2 Cor 4:7. Of Mary: ἦν τῆς φυλῆς τοῦ Δαυίδ was of David’s line GJs 10:1. Cp. 8 above.

⑩ to have someth. to do with someth. or someone, be. To denote a close relationship ἐξ ἔργων νόμου εἶναι rely on legal performance Gal 3:10. ὁ νόμος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ πίστεως the law has nothing to do with faith vs. 12.—To denote a possessor Mt 5:3, 10; l9:14; Mk 12:7; Lk 18:16; 1 Cor 6:19. Esp. of God who owns the Christian Ac 27:23; 1 Cor 3:23; 2 Ti 2:19 (Num 16:5). οὐδʼ εἶναι τὸν κόσμον θεοῦ, ἀλλὰ ἀγγέλων AcPlCor 1:15 (cp. Just., A II, 13, 4 ὅσα … καλῶς εἴρηται, ἡμῶν τῶν χριστιανῶν ἐστι).—W. possess. pron. ὑμετέρα ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία Lk 6:20. οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὸν δοῦναι Mk 10:40 (cp. Just., A I, 4, 2 ὑμέτερον ἀγωνιᾶσαί ἐστι ‘it is a matter for your concern’).—To denote function (X., An. 2, 1, 4) οὐχ ὑμῶν ἐστιν it is no concern of yours Ac 1:7—Of quality παιδεία οὐ δοκεῖ χαρᾶς εἶναι discipline does not seem to be (partake of) joy Hb 12:11.—10:39.

⑪ as an auxiliary: very commonly the simple tense forms are replaced by the periphrasis εἶναι and the ptc. (B-D-F §352–55; Mlt. 225–27, 249; Mlt-H. 451f; Rdm.² 102, 105, 205; Kühner-G. I 38ff; Rob. 374–76, 1119f; CTurner, Marcan Usage: JTS 28, 1927 349–51; GKilpatrick, BT 7, ’56, 7f; very oft. LXX).

ⓐ (as in Hom et al.) w. the pf. ptc. to express the pf., plpf. and fut. pf. act. and pass. (s. Mayser 329; 377) ἦσαν ἐληλυθότες they had come Lk 5:17. ἦν αὐτῶν ἡ καρδία πεπωρωμένη their hearts were hardened Mk 6:52. ἠλπικότες ἐσμέν we have set our hope 1 Cor 15:19. ὁ καιρὸς συνεσταλμένος ἐστίν the time has become short 7:29. ἦν ἑστώς (En 12:3) he was standing (more exactly he took his stand) Lk 5:1.

ⓑ w. pres. ptc. (B-D-F §353).

α. to express the pres. ἐστὶν προσαναπληροῦσα τὰ ὑστερήματα supplies the wants 2 Cor 9:12 (Just., A I, 26, 5 Μαρκίων … καὶ νῦν ἔτι ἐστὶ διδάσκων; Mel., P. 61, 441 ἐστὶν … κηρυσσόμενον).

β. impf. or aor. ἦν καθεύδων he was sleeping Mk 4:38. ἦσαν ἀναβαίνοντες … ἦν προάγων 10:32; cp. Lk 1:22; 5:17; 11:14 al. (JosAs 1:3 ἦν συνάγων τὸν σίτον; Mel., P. 80, 580 ἦσθα εὐφραινόμενος). ἦν τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀλήθινόν … ἐρχόμενον εἰς τὸν κόσμον the true light entered the world J 1:9, w. ἦν introducing a statement in dramatic contrast to the initial phrase of vs. 8.—To denote age (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 2 al. Jac.; POxy 275, 9 [66 A.D.] οὐδέπω ὄντα τῶν ἐτῶν; Tob 14:11) Mk 5:42; Lk 3:23; Ac 4:22; GJs 12:3.—Mussies 304–6.

γ. fut. ἔσῃ σιωπῶν you will be silent Lk 1:20; cp. 5:10; Mt 24:9; Mk 13:13; Lk 21:17, 24 al.; 2 Cl 17:7 Bihlm. (the child) shall serve him (God).

ⓒ w. aor. ptc. as plpf. (Aelian, NA 7, 11; Hippiatr. 34, 14, vol. I p. 185, 3 ἦν σκευάσας; ISyriaW 2070b ἦν κτίσας; AcThom 16; 27 [Aa II/2 p. 123, 2f; p. 142, 10]; B-D-F §355 m.—JVogeser, Z. Sprache d. griech. Heiligenlegenden, diss. Munich 1907, 14; JWittmann, Sprachl. Untersuchungen zu Cosmas Indicopleustes, diss. Munich 1913, 20; SPsaltes, Gramm. d. byzant. Chroniken 1913, 230; Björck [διδάσκω end] 75; B-D-F §355). ἦν βληθείς had been thrown Lk 23:19; J 18:30 v.l.—GPt 6:23; 12:51. (Cp. Just., A II, 10, 2 διʼ εὑρέσεως … ἐστὶ πονηθέντα αὐτοῖς ‘they achieved through investigation’).

ⓓ Notice esp. the impersonals δέον ἐστίν it is necessary (Pla. et al.; POxy 727, 19; Sir praef. ln. 3; 1 Macc 12:11 δέον ἐστὶν καὶ πρέπον) Ac 19:36; εἰ δέον ἐστίν if it must be 1 Pt 1:6 (s. δεῖ 2a); 1 Cl 34:2; πρέπον ἐστίν it is appropriate (Pla. et al.; POxy 120, 24; 3 Macc 7:13) Mt 3:15; 1 Cor 11:13.

ⓔ In many cases the usage w. the ptc. serves to emphasize the duration of an action or condition (BGU 183, 25 ἐφʼ ὸ̔ν χρόνον ζῶσα ᾖ Σαταβούς); JosAs 2:1 ἦν … ἐξουθενοῦσα καὶ καταπτύουσα πάντα ἄνδρα). ἦν διδάσκων he customarily taught Mk 1:22; Lk 4:31; 19:47. ἦν θέλων he cherished the wish 23:8. ἦσαν νηστεύοντες they were keeping the fast Mk 2:18. ἦσαν συλλαλοῦντες they were conversing for a while 9:4. ἦν προσδεχόμενος he was waiting for (the kgdm.) 15:43. ἦν συγκύπτουσα she was bent over Lk 13:11.

ⓕ to emphasize the adjectival idea inherent in the ptc. rather than the concept of action expressed by the finite verb ζῶν εἰμι I am alive Rv 1:18. ἦν ὑποτασσόμενος he was obedient Lk 2:51. ἦν ἔχων κτήματα πολλά he was very rich Mt 19:22; Mk 10:22. ἴσθι ἐξουσίαν ἔχων you shall have authority Lk 19:17 (Lucian, Tim. 35 ἴσθι εὐδαιμονῶν). ἦν καταλλάσσων (God) was reconciling 2 Cor 5:19 (cp. Mel., P. 83, 622 οὗτος ἦν ὁ ἐκλεξάμενός σε; Ath. 15, 2 οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ … καρπούμενος).—LMcGaughy, Toward a Descriptive Analysis of ΕΙΝΑΙ as a Linking Verb in the Gk. NT, diss. Vanderbilt, ’70 (s. esp. critique of treatment of εἰμί in previous edd. of this lexicon pp. 12–15).—Mlt. 228. B. 635. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `give' (Il.).

Other forms: Fut. δώσω ( διδώσω ν 358, ω 314), aor. ἔδωκα, δοῦναι (s. below), pass. δοθῆναι, perf. δέδωκα, δέδομαι. Cypr. opt. δώκοι from δώκω (from the aor.).

Dialectal forms: Myc. didosi \/ didonsi\/ `they give', didoto \/ didontoi\/ 3. pl. ind. pass., dose \/dōsei\/ `he will give', jodososi \/jō-dosonsi\/, odoke \/hō-dōke\/, apu-doke \/apu-dōke\/, apedoke \/ap-edōke\/, dedomena \/ dedomena\/ perf. ptc. pass.; apudosi \/ apu-dosis\/, dosomo \/ dosmos\/, dosomijo \/ dosmios\/ `consisting of contributions', dora \/dōra\/ `gifts'; PN teodora \/theodōra\/.

Compounds: Often with prefix: ἀνα-, ἀντι-, ἀπο-, δια- etc. As first member δωσι- in Δωσί-θεος etc.; cf. Knecht Τερψίμβροτος 11; s. also below.

Derivatives: δώς f. `gift' (Hes. Op. 356 \< δώ-ς or *δώτ-ς, s. below); ( ἀνά-, ἀντί-, ἀπό- etc.) δόσις `gift' (Il.; on the meaning Schwyzer 504 n. 2, Benveniste Noms d'agent 76, Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 75, Rauillard Mélanges Boisacq 2, 219ff.) with δοσίδιον (inscr.) and δόσιμος, often from comp. ἐπι-, ἐν-, παρα-; δῶτις, uncertain; acc. to Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 105 twice (!) in the Amphiktyon-law of 380^a for λωτις; also δῶττις δώς, φερνή H., prob. wrong; s. Latte; δωτίνη, -ᾱ, `gift, present, rent' (Hom., also Argolis; but cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 279f.), with δωτινάζω `collect gifts' Hdt. 2, 180); ἀπυ-δοσμός `selling' with ἀπυδόσμιος (Arc.); - δομα in ἀπό-, διά-, πρό-δομα etc.; cf. Wilhelm Glotta 14, 70f.; δῶρον s. v. - ( ἐκ-, ἐπι- etc.) δοτήρ `giver' (Il.), f. δότειρα (Hes.); δώτωρ `id.' (Od.); to δοτήρ: δώτωρ Schwyzer 381 and 530; Benveniste Noms d'agent 46 and 49; δωτήρ `id.' ( θεοὶ δωτῆρες ἐάων θ 325 etc.; s. below); δότης = δοτήρ (LXX); init. only in comp., e.g. προδότης, f. - τις `traitor' (Ion., Att.) with προδοσία `treason' (Ion.-Att.); δώτης (Hes. Op. 355, beside ἀ-δώτης; cf. δώς above and Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 118, Frisk Subst. priv. 20), ἐπιδώτης surname of Zeus in Mantinea and other gods (Paus.) with Έπιδώτειον name of a tempel (Epidauros); Δωτώ name of a Nereide (Il., Hes.; s. below). - δοτικός, often with prefix ἐπι-, μετα- etc. (Arist.). - Desiderative deverbat. παρα-, ἐν- etc. δωσείω (Th.), iterative preterite δόσκον (ep.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [223] * deh₃- `give'

Etymology: IE root * deh₃-\/ dh₃-. But for the vowel of the reduplicative syllable δί-δω-μι, δί-δω-σι agrees with Skt. dá-dā-ti, Av. da-dāi-ti; i-reduplication in Italic, e. g. Osc. didest `he will give', Vest. di-de-t `dat', perhaps also in Lat. reddō, if \< * re-di-dō. Also the medial aorists ἔ-δο-το, Skt. á-di-ta, Venet. zo-to and the participles (-) δοτός, Lat. dătus agree against Skt. - dāta-, Av. dāta- (but zero grade in Skt. - tta- \< *- dh₃-to-; as simplex Sanskrit has new dattá-). The active aorist ἔ-δω-κ-α (with - κ- after ἔθηκα, ἧκα, s. Schwyzer 741 w. n. 8) from root aorist *ἔ-δω-ν (cf. ἔ-στη-ν), seen in Skt. á-dā-t, Arm. et `he gave' (\< *é-dō-t). - On Cypr. δοϜεναι beside Skt. dāváne `to give' see Benveniste Origines 129 but also Specht Gnomon 14, 34); an element u̯ also in Cypr. opt. δυϜάνοι, Lat. duim `dem', Lith. dovanà `gift' and other forms; (hom. Att. δοῦναι from *δο-έναι). - Of the nouns compare δώτωρ = Skt. dā́tar-, with zero grade Lat. dător; δοτήρ: Skt. dātár- ; δόσις = Lat. dăti-ō; δώς, if \< *δώτ-ς = Lat. dōs, - tis (if IE * dō-t-, not * dō-ti-). First member Δωσι- = Skt. dāti-vāra- `who loves giving, liberal'. - Hitt. dā- `take', cf. Skt. ā-dā- `receive'.

Page in Frisk: 1,388-389

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `lead, go ahead', posthom. also `think, believe';

Other forms: Dor. ἁγ-, aor. ἡγήσασθαι, fut. ἡγήσομαι (Il.), perf. ἥγημαι, ἅγ- (Hdt., Pi.), aor. pass. ἡγήθην (Pl. Lg. 770b)

Compounds: very often with prefix in different meanings, δι-, εἰσ-, ἐξ-, καθ-, περι-, ὑφ- etc. As 1. member in governing compp., e. g. `Ηγησί-λεως, Άγησί-λαος (Hdt.; also as appellative) - Also ἡγέ-ομαι as 2. member in formations in - της, e. g. κυν-ηγέτης "leader of dogs", `hunter' (Od.), ἀρχ-ηγέτης, f. - τις `who has the power, originator' (Hdt.), partly beside - ηγός and connected with ἄγω, s. Chantraine Et. sur le vocab. gr. 88ff., Sommer 12 w. n. 1. Another compound with σ-stem is περι-ηγής `forming a circle' (Emp., A. R.).