joy

χαρά, ᾶς, ἡ (χαίρω; Trag., Pla.+) ‘joy’.

① the experience of gladness

ⓐ gener. Gal 5:22. Opp. λύπη (X., Hell. 7, 1, 32; Philo, Abr. 151; TestJud 25:4; JosAs 9:1; ApcMos 39) J 16:20f; 2 Cor 2:3; Hb 12:11. Opp. κατήφεια Js 4:9. W. ἀγαλλίασις Lk 1:14; 1 Cl 63:2; MPol 18:2. χαρὰ μεγάλη (Jon 4:6; Jos., Ant. 12, 91; Iren. 1, 2, 6 [Harv. I 22, 10]; s. χαίρω 1) Mt 28:8; Lk 24:52; Ac 15:3. τὸ τῆς χ. μέγεθος AcPl Ha 6, 9; πολλὴ χ. (BGU 1141, 3 [I B.C.] μετὰ πολλῆς χαρᾶς) Ac 8:8; Phlm 7. πᾶσα χ. (Sb 991, 6 μετὰ πάσης χαρᾶς) Ro 15:13; Phil 2:29; Js 1:2.—W. prep. ἀπὸ τῆς χαρᾶς (B-D-F §210, 1; Rob. 580) for joy Lk 24:41; Ac 12:14; ἀπὸ τῆς χαρᾶς αὐτοῦ in his joy Mt 13:44. ἐν χαρᾷ Ro 15:32; IEph ins; MPol 18:2. μετὰ χαρᾶς (X., Hiero 1, 25; Polyb. 21, 34, 12 v.l.; Diod S 16, 79, 4; Plut., Mor. 1095b; Jos., Ant. 8, 124; LXX; PsSol 8:16; Did., Gen. 215, 9) with joy Mt 13:20; 28:8; Mk 4:16; Lk 8:13; 10:17; 24:52 (Jos., Ant. 11, 67 ὥδευον μετὰ χ. [to Jerus.]); Phil 1:4; Col 1:11; Hb 10:34; 13:17; 1 Cl 65:1; Hv 1, 3, 4 (w. ἐπαγγέλλω, so Joly, cp. 1 Cl 34:7 ‘great and glorious promises’).—W. subjective gen. J 15:11b (cp. 11a ἡ χ. ἡ ἐμή); 16:22 (Lycon [III B.C.] Fgm. 20 Wehrli ’52: τὴν ἀληθινὴν χαρὰν τῆς ψυχῆς τέλος ἔλεγεν εἶναι=he designated the true joy of the soul as the goal); 2 Cor 1:24; 7:13; 8:2. W. gen. to denote the origin of the joy χ. τῆς πίστεως joy that comes from faith Phil 1:25. χ. πνεύματος ἁγίου 1 Th 1:6; also χ. ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ Ro 14:17.—Used w. verbs: χαρῆναι χαρὰν μεγάλην be filled with intense joy Mt 2:10. Cp. 1 Th 3:9 (χαίρω 1); χαρᾷ χαίρειν (χαίρω 1) J 3:29a (foll. by διά τι at someth.). ἀγαλλιᾶσθαι χαρᾷ 1 Pt 1:8 (Pol. 1:3). ἔχειν χαράν have joy, feel pleased 2 Cor 1:15 v.l.; Phlm 7; 3J 4; difft. Hs 1:10 ( have joy accompanying it). χαρὰν λαμβάνειν experience joy Hv 3, 13, 2 (Just.. D. 100, 5); GJs 12:2; 20:4 (codd.). χαρὰν ποιεῖν τινι give someone joy Ac 15:3. χαράν τινι παρέχειν 1 Cl 63:2. πληροῦν τινα χαρᾶς fill someone with joy (Jos., Bell. 3, 28) Ro 15:13; pass. πληροῦσθαι χαρᾶς (Diod S 3, 17, 3 τέκνα … πεπληρωμένα χαρᾶς; Περὶ ὕψους 7, 2 ψυχὴ πληροῦται χαρᾶς; EpArist 261; Philo, Mos. 1, 177; Jos., Ant 15, 421; Just., A I, 49, 5) Ac 13:52; 2 Ti 1:4; Dg 10:3. Also χαρᾶς ἐμπί(μ)πλασθαι (cp. Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 123; Jos., Ant. 3, 99) MPol 12:1; χαρᾶς πλησθείς AcPl Ha 2, 15; perh. 8, 6f. χαρᾷ ὑπερπερισσεύεσθαι 2 Cor 7:4. πᾶσαν χαρὰν ἡγεῖσθαι Js 1:2 (ἡγέομαι 2). ἔσται χαρά σοι Lk 1:14; ἔσται σοι χ. GJs 20:3 (codd.); without the dat. there will be joy Lk 15:7 (χ. ἐπί w. dat. as Jos., Ant. 7, 252); also γίνεται χαρά (Tob 11:18 S) vs. 10, cp. Ac 8:8; AcPl Ha 6, 3. χαρᾶς εἶναι (qualitative gen.) be pleasant Hb 12:11. χαρὰ ὅτι joy that J 16:21.—Ign. provides χαρά w. adjectives to set it off: ἄμωμος IEph ins; IMg 7:1; αἰώνιος κ. παράμονος IPhld ins.—The Johannine lit. places emphasis on joy as brought to the highest degree (πληρόω 3) ἡ χαρὰ ἡ ἐμὴ πεπλήρωται J 3:29b; cp. 15:11b; 16:24; 17:13; 1J 1:4; 2J 12. Cp. also the act. πληρώσατέ μου τὴν χαράν Phil 2:2.—As v.l. for χάρις 2 Cor 1:15.

ⓑ metonymically, a state of joyfulness (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 52 p. 354, 3 Jac. οἱ ἀκούοντες ἐν χαρᾷ ἦσαν) εἴσελθε εἰς τὴν χαρὰν τοῦ κυρίου σου (GrBar 15:4.—Of God: δωρήσεται ζωὴν αἰώνιον, χ., εἰρήνην Theoph. Ant. 1, 14 [p. 92, 2]) Mt 25:21, 23 (so BWeiss; Jülicher, Gleichn. 475; Zahn, JWeiss, OHoltzmann; but s. 2c). Of Christ ὸ̔ς ἀντὶ τῆς προκειμένης αὐτῷ χαρᾶς ὑπέμεινεν σταυρόν Hb 12:2 (πρόκειμαι 2).

② a pers. or thing that causes joy, joy, metonymically

ⓐ of persons as a source of joy, Phil 4:1 (EPeterson, Nuntius 4, ’50, 27f); 1 Th 2:19f.

ⓑ of an event that calls forth joy. An angelic message εὐαγγελίζομαι ὑμῖν χαρὰν μεγάλην Lk 2:10.

ⓒ of a festive dinner or banquet (s. Dalman, Worte 96; Billerb. I 879; 972) so perh. Mt 25:21, 23 (but would this have been intelligible to Greeks? S. 1b).—EGulin, Die Freude im NT I (Jesus, early church, Paul) ’32; II (John’s gosp.) ’36; Bultmann on J 17:13; PBernadicou, Joy in the Gospel of Lk, diss. Rome, ’70.—B. 1102; TRE XI 584–86; RAC VIII 348–418.—DELG s.v. χαίρω I A 3. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq.

ἐπολολύξατε, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor imperat act 2nd pl

ἐπολολύξατε, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor imperat act 2nd pl

ἐπολολύξατο, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor ind mid 3rd sg (homeric ionic)

ἐπολολύξατο, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor ind mid 3rd sg (homeric ionic)

ἐπολολύξατε, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor ind act 2nd pl (homeric ionic)

ἐπολολύξατε, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor ind act 2nd pl (homeric ionic)

ἐπολολύξατε, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor imperat act 2nd pl

ἐπολολύξατε, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor imperat act 2nd pl

ἐπολολύξατο, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor ind mid 3rd sg (homeric ionic)

ἐπολολύξατο, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor ind mid 3rd sg (homeric ionic)

ἐπολολύξατε, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor ind act 2nd pl (homeric ionic)

ἐπολολύξατε, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor ind act 2nd pl (homeric ionic)

χᾰρά, ἡ: ([etym.] χαίρω):—

A joy, delight, first in Sapph.Supp.1.6, then in Trag. and (less freq.) in Com. and Prose: c. gen., στόματος ἐν πρώτῃ χ., of a hungry man, A.Fr. 258; c. gen. objecti, joy in or at a thing,

μελέων E.Alc. 579

(lyr.); πρὸς χαρὰν λόγων in accordance with joyous tidings, S.Tr. 179 (v.l. χάριν) ; κέρτομος θεοῦ χ. a joy sent by some mocking god, E.Alc. 1125;

ἅμα χαρᾷ δακρυούσας X. HG7.2.9

;

χ. ἐπί τινι Pl.Def. 413e

;

ἔδωκας ἡμῖν χ. S.Tr. 201

;

ἐλάβομεν χ. E. Ion 1449

(lyr.);

ἐμπλῆσαί τινα χαρᾶς Id.Ph. 170

;

χαρά μ' ὑφέρπει A.Ag. 270

; λέγεις μοι χαράν wishest me joy, Ar.Pl. 637 (lyr.);

χ. ἐνεργάσασθαι Gorg.Hel.8

;

χαίρειν ἀνδραπόδων τινὰ χαράν Plu.2.1091e

, cf. Ev.Matt.2.10;

ἡδονὴ καὶ τέρψις καὶ χ. Pl.Phlb.19

;

ἀπορέουσι.. χαρᾶς Democr.293

, cf. Epicur.Fr.2;

ζήλου καὶ χαρᾶς καὶ ἐπαίνων ἡ πόλις ἦν μεστή D.18.217

;

εἴσελθε εἰς τήν χ. τοῦ Κυρίου σου Ev.Matt.25.21

:

χαρᾷ

with joy,

A.Ag. 1630

, Ch. 233, etc.;

μετὰ χαρᾶς Com.Adesp.771

, X.Hier.1.25, LXX 1 Ch.29.22, al.;

μετὰ μεγάλης χ. Plb.21.34.12

(s.v.l.);

μετὰ πολλῆς χ. BGU1141.3

(i B. C.), cf. 1768.7 (i B. C.);

χαρᾶς ὕπο A.Ag. 541

;

ὑπὸ χ. X.Cyn.6.15

;

σὺν χαρᾷ S.El. 934

, etc.; opp. λύπη, Sor.1.46, al.

II in concrete sense, a joy, of persons,

χ. μου Ep.Phil.4.1

, cf. 1 Ep.Thess.2.20.

ἀγαλλιάω (new formation in H. Gk. from ἀγάλλω, found only in Bibl. and eccl. wr.) seldom act. (B-D-F §101; Mlt-H. 225f): ἀγαλλιᾶτε 1 Pt 1:8 v.l. (for ἀγαλλιᾶσθε); Rv 19:7 ἀγαλλιῶμεν (v.l. ἀγαλλιώμεθα); ἀγαλλιῶντα GJs 17:2; ἀγαλλιῶντες ApcPt Rainer. 1 aor. (as POxy 1592, 4 [IV A.D.]) ἠγαλλίασεν Lk 1:47 (ἐπὶ τ. θεῷ, cp. Hab 3:18 v.l.); usu. dep. ἀγαλλιάομαι (Syntipas p. 75, 28); fut. ἀγαλλιάσομαι (LXX); 1 aor. mid. ἠγαλλιασάμην or pass. ἠγαλλιάθην (v.l. ἠγαλλιάσθην; B-D-F §78; Mlt-H. 225) to be exceedingly joyful, exult, be glad, overjoyed (LXX; En 104:13; TestSol 19:1 P; TestAbr A 7 p. 84, 2f [Stone p. 16]; TestJob; ParJer 6:20; ApcrEzk P 1 recto 1; Test12Patr; Mel., P. 80, 586) abs. 1 Pt 1:6 (ἀγαλλιάσαντες P⁷²); 1 Cl 18:8 (Ps 50:10); IMg 1:1; Hm 5, 1, 2; 5, 2, 3; Hs 1:6; MPol 19:2; GJs 17:2; ApcPt Rainer; my tongue exults Ac 2:26 (Ps 15:9); as here w. εὐφραίνεσθαι (Ps 30:8; 31:11; Is 25:9) Hm 5, 1, 2; Hs 9, 18, 4; χαίρειν καὶ ἀ. (Tob 13:15 BA; TestJob 43:15) Mt 5:12; Rv 19:7; cp. ἵνα χαρῆτε ἀγαλλιώμενοι that you might shout for joy 1 Pt 4:13; ἀγαλλιώμενοι προσηύχοντο AcPl Ha 1, 32; ἀγαλλιώμενος ἐσκίρτησεν 3, 17; ἀ. … καὶ κλαίειν weep for joy 6, 2. W. complementary ptc. (B-D-F §415) ἠγαλλιάσατο πεπιστευκώς he was overjoyed because he had become a believer Ac 16:34. ἠγαλλιάσοντο μεγάλως μηνύ̣[οντες] AcPl Ha 8, 5 (ἠγαλλι[ᾶτο] μηνύων BMM recto 3f). W. ἵνα foll. (s. ἵνα 2aα): ἀ., ἵνα ἴδῃ he was overjoyed that he was to see J 8:56 (B-D-F §392, 1). The one who causes the joy is given in the dat. ἀ. τῷ πνεύματι τῷ ἁγίῳ Lk 10:21 v.l.; w. ἐν and dat. ibid.—W. dat. of cause ἀ. χαρᾷ ἀνεκλαλήτῳ exult w. unspeakable joy 1 Pt 1:8. οἷς ἀγαλλιῶμαι I rejoice in this IEph 9:2 (cp. Quint. Smyrn. 9, 118 παισὶν ἀγαλλόμενος=rejoicing aloud over his sons). The object of the joy is indicated by ἐπί τινι (Ps 9:15; 20:2; Sir 30:3 al.; B-D-F §196): 1Cl 33:2; Hs 8, 1, 18; 9, 24, 2. Also ἔν τινι (Ps 88:17) J 5:35; ἀ. ἐν τῷ πάθει rejoice in the Passion IPhld ins; the acc. occurs once ἀ. τὴν δικαιοσύνην rejoice in righteousness 1 Cl 18:15 (Ps 50:16).—[ἀγαλ]λ[ι]ῶσιν a prob. restoration AcPl BMM verso 20f.—Goodsp., Probs. 192–94; WNauck, Freude im Leiden, ZNW 46, ’55, 68–80.—DELG s.v. ἀγάλλομαι. TW.

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres part act masc /neut gen pl

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres imperat act 3rd pl

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres part act masc /neut gen pl

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres imperat act 3rd pl

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres part act masc /neut gen pl

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres imperat act 3rd pl

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres part act masc /neut gen pl

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres imperat act 3rd pl

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres ind mp 2nd sg

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres ind act 3rd sg

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres ind mp 2nd sg

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres ind act 3rd sg

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres ind mp 2nd sg

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres ind act 3rd sg

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres ind mp 2nd sg

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres ind act 3rd sg

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres part act masc /neut dat pl (attic epic doric ionic)

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres ind act 3rd pl (attic epic doric ionic)

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres part act masc /neut dat pl (attic epic doric ionic)

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres ind act 3rd pl (attic epic doric ionic)

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres part act masc /neut dat pl (attic epic doric ionic)

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres ind act 3rd pl (attic epic doric ionic)

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres part act masc /neut dat pl (attic epic doric ionic)

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres ind act 3rd pl (attic epic doric ionic)

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres subj act 1st sg

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres ind act 1st sg

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres subj act 1st sg

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres ind act 1st sg

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres subj act 1st sg

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres ind act 1st sg

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres subj act 1st sg

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: pres ind act 1st sg

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor inf act

ἐπολολύξαῑ, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor opt act 3rd sg

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor inf act

ἐπολολύξαῑ, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor opt act 3rd sg

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor inf act

ἐπολολύξαῑ, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor opt act 3rd sg

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor inf act

ἐπολολύξαῑ, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor opt act 3rd sg

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor imperat act 2nd pl

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor imperat act 2nd pl

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor ind act 2nd pl (homeric ionic)

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor ind act 2nd pl (homeric ionic)

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor imperat act 2nd pl

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor imperat act 2nd pl

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor ind act 2nd pl (homeric ionic)

ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor ind act 2nd pl (homeric ionic)

ἐπολολύξω, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor subj act 1st sg

ἐπολολύξω, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: fut ind act 1st sg

ἐπολολύξω, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor subj act 1st sg

ἐπολολύξω, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: fut ind act 1st sg

ἐπολολύξω, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor subj act 1st sg

ἐπολολύξω, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: fut ind act 1st sg

ἐπολολύξω, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: aor subj act 1st sg

ἐπολολύξω, ἐπολολύζω

shout for joy: fut ind act 1st sg

χαίρω mid. by-form χαίρεται TestAbr s. below; impf. ἔχαιρον; fut. χαρήσομαι (B-D-F §77; Mlt-H. 264); 2 aor. pass. ἐχάρην (Hom.+).

① to be in a state of happiness and well-being, rejoice, be glad opp. κλαίειν J 16:20; Ro 12:15ab (Damasc., Vi. Isid. 284 χαρίεις πρὸς τοὺς χαρίεντας); 1 Cor 7:30ab; Hv 3, 3, 2. Opp. λύπην ἔχειν J 16:22. W. ἀγαλλιᾶσθαι (Hab 3:18; TestJob 43:15; ParJer 6:20; cp. TestAbr A 11 p. 89, 17 [Stone p. 26]) Mt 5:12; 1 Pt 4:13b; cp. Rv 19:7; GJs 17:2. W. εὐφραίνεσθαι (Jo 2:23 al. in LXX) Lk 15:32; Rv 11:10. W. σκιρτᾶν Lk 6:23. W. acc. of inner obj. (B-D-F §153, 1; Rob. 477) χ. χαρὰν μεγάλην be very glad (Jon 4:6; JosAs 3:4 al.) Mt 2:10. τῇ χαρᾷ ᾗ (by attraction for ἥν) χαίρομεν 1 Th 3:9. Also χαρᾷ χ., which prob. betrays the infl. of the OT (Is 66:10), J 3:29 (B-D-F §198, 6; Rob. 531; 550). The ptc. is used w. other verbs with joy, gladly (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 40 §169 ἄπιθι χαίρων; 3 Km 8:66; Eutecnius 4 p. 43, 7 ἄπεισι χαίρουσα; Laud. Therap. 12 χαίρων ἐστέλλετο) ὑπεδέξατο αὐτον χαίρων Lk 19:6; cp. vs. 37; 15:5; Ac 5:41; 8:39.—The obj. of or reason for the joy is denoted in var. ways: w. simple dat. τοῖς τὰ πολλὰ λέγουσιν those who are (merely) garrulous Papias (2:3) (Aristonous 1, 45 [p. 164 Coll. Alex.]; Just., A I, 5, 3 al.; Orig., C. Cels. 8, 69, 20; s. also below on Ro 12:12) or prep. χαίρειν ἐπί τινι rejoice over someone or someth. (Soph. et al.; X., Cyr. 8, 4, 12, Mem. 2, 6, 35; Pla., Leg. 5, 729d; Diod S 1, 25, 2; Plut., Mor. 87e; 1088e; BGU 531 I, 4 [I A.D.]; POxy 41, 17; Tob 13:15ab; Pr 2:14; 24:19; Bar 4:33; JosAs 4:4; Jos., Ant. 1, 294; 3, 32; Ar. 15, 7; Just., D. 28, 4; Iren. 1, 16, 3 [Harv I 163, 9]) Mt 18:13; Lk 1:14; 13:17; Ac 15:31; Ro 16:19; 1 Cor 13:6; 16:17; 2 Cor 7:13; Rv 11:10; Hs 5, 2, 5 and 11; 8, 1, 16; 8, 5, 1 and 6; Dg 11:5. Also διά w. acc. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 102 §428; EpArist 42) J 3:29; 11:15 the ὅτι-clause gives the reason, and δί ὑμᾶς is for your sakes = in your interest; cp. 1 Th 3:9. ἔν τινι (Soph., Trach. 1118; Pla., Rep. 10, 603c; En 104:13) Hs 1:11. ἐν τούτῳ over that Phil 1:18a (for other functions of ἐν s. below). περί τινος in someth. (Pla., Ep. 2, 310e.—περὶ πλοῦτον Did., Gen. 150, 8) 1 Cl 65:1. ἵνα μὴ λύπην σχῶ ἀφʼ ὧν ἔδει με χαίρειν (either ἀπὸ τούτων ἀφʼ ὧν or ἀπὸ τούτων οἷς) 2 Cor 2:3. The reason or object is given by ὅτι (Lucian, Charon 17; Ex 4:31; Just., A II, 2, 7) Lk 10:20b; J 11:15 (s. above); 14:28; 2 Cor 7:9, 16; Phil 4:10; 2J 4. χ. ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι Lk 10:20a. χ. ὅταν 2 Cor 13:9. χ. … γάρ Phil 1:18b (19). The reason or obj. is expressed by a ptc. (X., Cyr. 1, 5, 12; Pla., Rep. 5, 458a; Dio Chrys. 22 [39], 1 al.; PGM 4, 1212 χαίρεις τοὺς σοὺς σῴζων; 1611; Just., D. 114, 4): ἰδόντες τὸν ἀστέρα ἐχάρησαν Mt 2:10; cp. Lk 23:8; J 20:20; Ac 11:23; Phil 2:28; Hv 3, 12, 3. ἀκούσαντες ἐχάρησαν they were delighted by what they heard Mk 14:11; cp. Ac 13:48; Hv 3, 3, 2.—1 Cl 33:7; Dg 5:16. λαβόντες τὰ ἐδέμσματα ἐχάρησαν Hs 5, 2, 10. W. gen. and ptc. (as Just., D. 85, 6) 9, 11, 7. If χαίρειν is also in the ptc., καί comes betw. the two participles: χαίρων καὶ βλέπων (and) it is with joy that I see Col 2:5. ἐχάρην ἐρχομένων ἀδελφῶν καὶ μαρτυρούντων I was glad when some fellow-Christians came and testified 3J 3.—τῇ ἐλπίδι χαίρ. Ro 12:12 is not ‘rejoice over the hope’ (the dat. stands in this mng. X., Mem. 1, 5, 4; Theopompus [IV B.C.]: 115 Fgm. 114 Jac.; Epict., App. D, 3 [p. 479 Sch.] ἀρετῇ χ.; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 28, 137 οἷς ὁ θεὸς χ.; Pr 17:19), but rather rejoice in hope or filled with hope (B-D-F §196). τὸ ἐφʼ ὑμῖν χαίρω as far as you are concerned, I am glad Ro 16:19 v.l. In the majority of cases in our lit. ἐν does not introduce the cause of the joy (s. above): χαίρω ἐν τοῖς παθήμασιν I rejoice in the midst of (though because of is also poss.) (the) suffering(s) Col 1:24 (the Engl. ‘in’ conveys both ideas). χαίρ. ἐν κυρίῳ Phil 3:1; 4:4a, 10 (the imperatives in 3:1; 4:4ab are transl. good-bye [so Hom. et al.] by Goodsp., s. Probs. 174f; this would class them under 2a below). Abs. Lk 22:5; J 4:36; 8:56 (EbNestle, Abraham Rejoiced: ET 20, 1909, 477; JMoulton, ‘Abraham Rejoiced’: ibid. 523–28); 2 Cor 6:10; 7:7; 13:11; Phil 2:17f; 4:4b (s. Goodsp. above); 1 Th 5:16; 1 Pt 4:13a; cp. 13b; GPt 6:23; Hv 3, 3, 3f; Hs 1:11; 5, 3, 3; GJs 16:3.—On the rare mid. χαιρόμενος (TestAbr A 11 p. 89, 21 [Stone p. 26] χαίρεται καὶ ἀγάλλεται) Ac 3:8 D, s. Mlt. 161 w. note 1; B-D-F §307.

② in impv., a formalized greeting wishing one well, also in indicative, to use such a greeting (in effect, to express that one is on good terms w. the other, cp. Soph., Oed. R. 596 νῦν πᾶσι χαίρω=now I bid everyone good day)

ⓐ in spoken address, oft. on meeting people (Hom. et al.; also χαίροις TestAbr A 16 p. 97, 21 [Stone p. 42]; B 13 p. 117, 18 [82]; JosAs 8:2; GrBar 11:6f; loanw. in rabb.) χαῖρε, χαίρετε welcome, good day, hail (to you), I am glad to see you, somet. (e.g. Hermas)=how do you do? or simply hello Mt 26:49; 27:29; 28:9 (here perh. specif. good morning [Lucian, Laps. inter Salutandum 1 τὸ ἑωθινὸν … χαίρειν; also scholia p. 234, 13 Rabe; Cass. Dio 69, 18; Nicetas Eugen. 2, 31 H.; so Goodsp., Probs. 45f; he translates Lk 1:28 and the 2J and H passages in the same way]); Mk 15:18; Lk 1:28; GJs 11:1 (Ps.-Callisth. 1, 4, 2 Nectanebos says to Olympia upon entering her room: χαίροις Μακεδόνων βασίλεια); J 19:3 (on the sarcastic greeting as king cp. Diod S 34 + 35, Fgm. 2, 8f [Eunus]); Hv 1, 1, 4; 1, 2, 2ab; 4, 2, 2ab. χαίρειν τινὶ λέγειν greet someone, bid someone the time of day (Epict. 3, 22, 64; pass.: χαίρειν αὐτοῖς ὑφʼ ἡμῶν λέγεσθαι Iren. 1, 16, 3 [Harv. I 162, 11]) 2J 10f.—On the poss. sense farewell, good-bye for Phil 3:1; 4:4 s. 1 above, end.

ⓑ elliptically at the beginning of a letter greetings (X., Cyr. 4, 5, 27; Theocr. 14, 1; Plut., Ages. 607 [21, 10]=Mor. 213a; Aelian, VH 1, 25; Jos., Vi. 217; 365; Mel., HE 4, 26, 13; pap [Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 477–82; HLietzmann, Griech. Pap.: Kl. T. 14², 1910; Witkowski, Epistulae; GMilligan, Selections fr. the Gk. Pap.² 1911]; LXX.—B-D-F §389; 480, 5; Rob. 944; 1093. GGerhard, Untersuchungen zur Gesch. des griech. Briefes, diss. Heidelb. 1903, Philol 64, 1905, 27–65; FZiemann, De Epistularum Graecarum Formulis Sollemnibus: Dissertationes Philologicae Halenses XVIII/4, 1911; PWendland, Die urchristl. Literaturformen^{2, 3} 1912, 411–17 [Suppl. 15: Formalien des Briefes]; WSchubart, Einführung in die Papyruskunde 1918; Dssm., LO 116ff=LAE 146ff [lit.]; FExler, The Form of the Ancient Gk. Letter 1923; ORoller, D. Formular d. paul. Briefe ’33; RArcher, The Ep. Form in the NT: ET 63, ’51f, 296–98; Pauly-W. III 836ff; VII 1192ff; Kl. Pauly II 324–27; BHHW I 272f) τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς … χαίρειν greetings to the brethren Ac 15:23; cp. 23:26; Js 1:1; AcPlCor 1:1; 2:1. Ign. uses the common formula πλεῖστα χαίρειν (πολύς 3bα) IEph ins; IMg ins; ITr ins; IRo ins; ISm ins; IPol ins.—The introduction to B is unique: χαίρετε, υἱοὶ καὶ θυγατέρες, ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου, ἐν εἰρήνῃ 1:1.—JLieu, ‘Grace to you and Peace’, The Apostolic Greeting: BJRL 68, ’85, 161–78.—Schmidt, Syn. II 550–73. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.