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1 δοκέω
Aδοκέεσκον AP5.298
(Agath.): —[voice] Med.,δοκέοντο Opp.C.4.296
: part. δοκεύμενος ib. 109: the [tense] fut. and other tenses are twofold:1 [tense] fut. δόξω and [tense] aor. 1 ἔδοξα Pi.N.4.37, h.Merc. 208, etc.: [tense] pf. δέδοχα inferred from [tense] plpf.ἐδεδόχεσαν D.C.44.26
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor.ἐδόχθην Plb.21.10.8
, etc., ([etym.] κατ-) Antipho 2.2.2: [tense] pf.δέδογμαι Hdt.8.100
, etc.: [tense] plpf.ἐδέδοκτο Id.9.74
.2 regul. forms (chiefly Trag., Com., and late Prose), [tense] fut. , Ar.Nu. 562, etc. (once in Hdt., 4.74); [dialect] Dor. δοκησῶ or- ᾱσῶ Theoc.1.150
: [tense] aor. ἐδόκησα, [dialect] Ep.δόκ- Od.10.415
, Pi.O.13.56, A.Th. 1041, Ar.Ra. 1485, etc.: [tense] pf. (lyr.):— [voice] Pass., [tense] aor. (anap.): [tense] pf.δεδόκημαι Pi.N.5.19
, E.Med. 763 (anap.), Ar.V. 726, also in Hdt.7.16.γ; but δεδοκημένος (q. v.) belongs to δέχομαι.I expect (Iterat. of δέκομαι, cf.δέχομαι 11.3
): hence, think, suppose, imagine, (opp. φρονέω, S.Aj. 942 (lyr.), Pherecr.146.4):1 c. acc. et inf.,δοκέω νικησέμεν Ἕκτορα Il.7.192
;οὔ σε δοκέω πείθεσθαι Hdt.1.8
, cf. 11,27, al., Antipho 2.4.5, etc.: rarely with inf. omitted, δοκῶ.. οὐδὲν ῥῆμα.. κακὸν [εἶναι] S.El.61; τούτους τι δοκεῖτε [εἶναι] X. An.5.7.26; freq. in relating a dream or vision, τεκεῖν δράκοντ' ἔδοξεν she thought a serpent produced young, A.Ch. 527; ἐδόκουν αἰετὸν.. φέρειν methought an eagle was carrying, Ar.V.15; : with inf. only, ἔδοξ' ἰδεῖν methought I saw, ib. 408;ἔδοξ' ἀκοῦσαι Pl.Prt. 315e
;ἔδοξ' ἐν ὕπνῳ.. οἰκεῖν ἐν Ἄργει E.IT44
(sts. also, as in signf. 11,ἐδοξάτην μοι δύο γυναῖκε.. μολεῖν A. Pers. 181
;ἐν τῷ σταδίῳ.. μέ τις ἐδόκει στεφανοῦν Alex.272.4
).2 abs., have or form an opinion,περί τινος Hdt.9.65
; mostly in parenthetic phrases, ; δοκῶ alone, Hdt.9.65, Ar. Pax47, Pl.Prm. 126b; πῶς δοκεῖς; to call attention to something remarked,τοῦτον, πῶς δοκεῖς; καθύβρισεν E.Hipp. 446
, cf. Hec. 1160, Diph.96, etc.;πόσον δοκεῖς; Ar.Ec. 399
.3 δοκῶ μοι I seem to myself, methinks, c. inf.,ἐγώ μοι δοκέω κατανοέειν τοῦτο Hdt.2.93
, etc.;ἡδέως ἄν μοι δοκῶ κοινωνῆσαί τινος X.Cyr.8.7.25
, cf. Oec.6.11; οὔ μοι δοκῶ I think not.., Pl.Tht. 158e; δοκῶ μοι parenthetic, Id.Thg. 121d.b δοκῶ μοι I am determined, resolved, c. inf. [tense] pres., Ar.V. 177, etc.: c. inf. [tense] fut., Aeschin.3.53, etc.: c. inf. [tense] aor., dub. in Ar.Av. 671, etc.: rarely without μοι, think fit, .4 seem, pretend, c. inf. (with or without neg.), ὁρέων μὲν οὐδέν, δοκέων δὲ [ὁρᾶν] dub. l. in Alcm.87;οὔτε ἔδοξε μαθέειν Hdt.1.10
;οὐδὲ γιγνώσκειν δοκῶν Pherecr.163
;τὰ μὲν ποιεῖν, τὰ δὲ δοκεῖν Arist.Pol. 1314a39
;ἤκουσά του λέγοντος, οὐ δοκῶν κλύειν E.Med.67
;πόσους δοκεῖς.. ὁρῶντας.. μὴ δοκεῖν ὁρᾶν; Id.Hipp. 462
, cf. Ar.Eq. 1146, X.HG4.5.6.5 [voice] Pass., to be considered,δοκεῖσθαι οὕτω Pl.R. 612d
; τὰ νῦν δοκούμενα περί τινος the current opinions, ib. 490a.6 [voice] Med., Opp.C.4.296; δοκεύμενος.. ἀλύξειν ib. 109.II of an Object, seem, c. dat. pers. et inf. [tense] pres.,δοκέεις δέ μοι οὐκ ἀπινύσσειν Od.5.342
; δόκησε δ' ἄρα σφίσι θυμὸς ὣς ἔμεν ὡς εἰ .. their heart seemed just as if.., felt as though.., 10.415: c. inf. [tense] fut., seem likely,δοκέει δέ μοι ὧδε λώϊον ἔσσεσθαι Il.6.338
: c. inf. [tense] aor. (never in Hom.), τί δ' ἂν δοκεῖ σοι Πρίαμος (sc. ποιῆσαι); A.Ag. 935; seem or be thought to have done, esp. of suspected persons, Th.2.21; to be convicted, .2 abs., seem, as opp. to reality,τὸ δοκεῖν καὶ τὰν ἀλάθειαν βιᾶται Simon.76
; , cf. Pl.Grg. 527b; in full,τὸ δοκεῖν εἶναι A.Ag. 788
(anap.).4 freq. impers., δοκεῖ μοι it seems to me, methinks,ὥς μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι ἄριστα Il.12.215
; ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ as I think, A.Th. 369, etc.; τὸ σοὶ δοκοῦν your opinion, Pl.R. 487d: freq. in inf. in parenth. clause, ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκέειν to my thinking, Hdt.9.113;δοκέειν ἐμοί Id.1.172
;ἀλλ', ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν, τάχ' εἴσει A.Pers. 246
, etc.; without μοι, X.An.4.5.1.b it seems good to me, it is my pleasure,δοκεῖ ἡμῖν χρῆσθαι Th.4.118
, cf. A.Ag. 1350: freq. of a public resolution,τοῖσι Ἕλλησι δόξαι.. ἀπαιτέειν Hdt.1.3
, etc.;ἔδοξεν Ἀργείοισιν A.Supp. 605
, cf. Th. 1010; esp. in decrees and the like , ἔδοξε τῇ βουλῇ, τῷ δήμῳ, Ar.Th. 372, Th.4.118, cf. IG1.32, etc.;τὰ δόξαντα S.El.29
, D.3.14;παρὰ τὸ δοκοῦν ἡμῖν Th.1.84
, etc.:—[voice] Pass.,δέδοκται Hdt.4.68
;οὕτω δέδοκται; S.Ph. 1277
, etc.;εἰ ἐπαινῆσαι δεδόκηται Pi.N.5.19
;δεδόχθω τὸ ἄτοπον τοῦτο Pl.Lg. 799e
, etc.;τοῦτ' ἐστ' ἐμοὶ δεδογμένον E.Heracl.1
;δεδογμέν' [ἐστί].. τήνδε κατθανεῖν S.Ant. 576
, cf. OC 1431;τὰ δεδογμένα Hdt.3.76
;δεδόχθαι τῇ βουλῇ καὶ τῷ δήμῳ IG22.1.12
, etc. c. acc. abs., δόξαν when it was decreed or resolved,δόξαν αὐτοῖς ὥστε διαναυμαχεῖν Th.8.79
; δόξαν δέ σφι (sc. λιπέσθαι) Hdt.2.148;δόξαν ἡμῖν ταῦτα Pl.Prt. 314c
, cf. X.An.4.1.13; ἰδίᾳ δοκῆσάν σοι τόδ' .. ; E. Supp. 129; alsoδεδογμένον αὐτοῖς Th.1.125
, etc.; but alsoδόξαντος τούτου X.HG1.1.36
; δόξαντα ταῦτα καὶ περανθέντα ib.3.2.19.5 to be reputed, c. inf., Pi.O.13.56, P.6.40;ἄξιοι ὑμῖν δοκοῦντες Th.1.76
; δοκοῦντες εἶναί τι men who are held to be something, men of repute, Pl. Grg. 472a;τὸ δοκεῖν τινὲς εἶναι.. προσειληφότες D.21.213
;τὸ φρονεῖν ἐδόκει τις εἶναι περιττός Plu.Arist.1
;οἱ δοκοῦντες Heraclit.28
(dub.), E.Hec. 295; τὰ δοκοῦντα, opp. τὰ μηδὲν ὄντα, Id.Tr. 613; ; to be an established, current opinion, Arist.APo. 76b24, al.;τὰ δοκοῦντα Id.Metaph. 1088a16
, al.:— [voice] Pass., οἱ δεδογμένοι ἀνδροφόνοι those who have been found guilty of homicide, D.23.28; alsoαἱ δοκούμεναι Πέρσαις τέχναι Polem.Call.60
. (The two senses of δοκέω are sts. contrasted, τὰ ἀεὶ δοκοῦντα.. τῷ δοκοῦντι εἶναι ἀληθῆ that which seems true is true to him who thinks it, Pl.Tht. 158e; τὸ δοκοῦν ἑκάστῳ τοῦτο καὶ εἶναι τῷ δοκοῦντι ib. 162c.) -
2 συντείνω
A strain, draw tight, brace up, σ. [τὰ ὀστᾶ], opp. χαλάω, Pl.Phd. 98d: metaph. of the mind, E.Hipp. 257 (anap.);ἁρμονίαις σ. τὰς ψυχάς Pl.Lg. 800d
:—[voice] Pass., to be in a state of tension, Hp. Art.8, Epid.3.1.δ, Sor.2.18, Gal.6.170.2 strain to the uttermost, urge on, exert,ποδὸς ὁρμάν E.El. 112
(lyr.);δράμημα κυνῶν Id.Ba. 872
(lyr.); λόχιαι στερρὰν παιδείαν Μοῖραι συντείνουσι, of the pains of childbirth, Id.IT 207 (lyr.); :— [voice] Pass., strain all one's powers, ;συντεταμένον καὶ σπουδάζοντα Id.Euthd. 288d
; γνώμῃ συντεταμένῃ with earnest, serious purpose, X.Oec.2.18.3 intr. in [voice] Act., exert oneself, strive, Pl.Sph. 239b;τοῖς τόξοις Hp.
Aër.20;τῷ πνεύματι Arist.APr. 893a2
; hasten,δρόμῳ εἰς τὸ ἄστυ Plu.Nic.30
; of things, become intense,συντείνοντος τοῦ κακοῦ Id. Dio 45
.II direct earnestly to one point,πάντα τὰ αὑτοῦ εἰς τοῦτο Pl.R. 591c
, cf. Grg. 507d;ἐπὶ πόλεμον τὰς αὑτῶν σ. πόλεις Id.Plt. 308a
:—[voice] Pass., συντετάσθαι πρὸς τὸ μέλλον ταῖς φροντίσι, of mental tension or anxiety, Plu.2.473c.2 intr., direct all one's powers to one object, to be bent upon,ἐπὶ τὸ μαθεῖν.. τὸν λόγον Pl.Lg. 641e
; and of things, tend or contribute towards.., c. inf.,σφάξαι σ' Ἀργείων.. συντείνει.. γνώμα E.Hec. 189
(lyr.);τὰ δ' ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ πάντα εἰς ταὐτόν τι συντείνειν Pl.Cra. 403b
; , cf. Ael.Tact.2.1;πάντα τὰ συντείνοντα εἰς τὴν λειτουργίαν POxy.904.5
(v A.D.); ἕν, εἰς ὃ πάντα ς. D.10.54 vulg. ( τείνει codd. opt., ἕν om. S); εἰς ἀδικίαν ἢ δικαιοσύνην, etc., Arist.EN 1127a34, cf. Epicur.Ep.2p.35U.;εἰς ταὐτὸν κεφάλαιον Gal. 15.613
;ἐπὶ τὴν ἀνδρείαν Pl.Plt. 309b
;πρὸς ἀρετήν Id.Lg. 731a
, Isoc. 15.67, cf. Epicur.Ep.1p.29U.; πρὸς τὸν σκοπόν, etc., Arist.EN 1144a25, al.III in physical sense, lead to, εἰς μίαν τινὰ ἰδέαν ς. Pl.Tht. 184d; σ. πρὸς τὸν ἄνω τόπον, πρὸς τὴν καρδίαν, Arist.Juv. 469a16,20;σ. αἱ ἀδένες ἐπὶ σφᾶς τὸ ἄλλο σῶμα Hp.Gland. 2
.IV [voice] Pass., to be exasperated against,πρός τινα Com.Adesp. 22.56
D.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συντείνω
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3 ὡς
ὡς (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.) relative adv. of the relative pron. ὅς. It is used as① a comparative particle, marking the manner in which someth. proceeds, as, likeⓐ corresponding to οὕτως=‘so, in such a way’: σωθήσεται, οὕτως ὡς διὰ πυρός he will be saved, (but only) in such a way as (one, in an attempt to save oneself, must go) through fire (and therefore suffer fr. burns) 1 Cor 3:15. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ γυναῖκα οὕτως ἀγαπάτω ὡς ἑαυτόν Eph 5:33; cp. vs. 28. ἡμέρα κυρίου ὡς κλέπτης οὕτως ἔρχεται 1 Th 5:2. The word οὕτως can also be omitted ἀσφαλίσασθε ὡς οἴδατε make it as secure as you know how = as you can Mt 27:65. ὡς οὐκ οἶδεν αὐτός (in such a way) as he himself does not know = he himself does not know how, without his knowing (just) how Mk 4:27. ὡς ἀνῆκεν (in such a way) as is fitting Col 3:18. Cp. 4:4; Eph 6:20; Tit 1:5 (cp. Just., A I, 3, 1 ὡς πρέπον ἐστίν). ὡς πᾶσα γυνὴ γεννᾷ GJs 11:2; ὡς ἀπεκαλύφθη AcPlCor 1:8.ⓑ special usesα. in ellipses (TestAbr A 12 p. 90, 22 [Stone p. 28] θρόνος … ἐξαστράπτων ὡς πῦρ; TestJob 20:3 χρήσασθαι … ὡς ἐβούλετο; JosAs 12:7 πρὸς σὲ κατέφυγον ὡς παιδίον ἐπὶ τὸν πατέρα) ἐλάλουν ὡς νήπιος I used to speak as a child (is accustomed to speak) 1 Cor 13:11a; cp. bc; Mk 10:15; Eph 6:6a; Phil 2:22; Col 3:22. ὡς τέκνα φωτὸς περιπατεῖτε walk as (is appropriate for) children of light Eph 5:8; cp. 6:6b. ὡς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ as (it is one’s duty to walk) in the daylight Ro 13:13. The Israelites went through the Red Sea ὡς διὰ ξηρᾶς γῆς as (one travels) over dry land Hb 11:29. οὐ λέγει ὡς ἐπὶ πολλῶν ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐφʼ ἑνός he speaks not as one would of a plurality (s. ἐπί 8), but as of a single thing Gal 3:16.—Ro 15:15; 1 Pt 5:3. Also referring back to οὕτως (GrBar 6:16 ὡς γὰρ τὰ δίστομα οὕτως καὶ ὁ ἀλέκτωρ μηνύει τοῖς ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ like articulate beings the rooster informs earth’s inhabitants) οὕτως τρέχω ὡς οὐκ ἀδήλως I run as (a person) with a fixed goal 1 Cor 9:26a. Cp. ibid. b; Js 2:12.β. ὡς and the words that go w. it can be the subj. or obj., of a clause: γενηθήτω σοι ὡς θέλεις let it be done (= it will be done) for you as you wish Mt 15:28. Cp. 8:13; Lk 14:22 v.l. (for ὅ; cp. ὡς τὸ θέλημά σου OdeSol 11:21). The predicate belonging to such a subj. is to be supplied in οὐχ ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω (γενηθήτω) Mt 26:39a.—ἐποίησεν ὡς προσέταξεν αὐτῷ ὁ ἄγγελος he did as (= that which) the angel commanded him (to do) Mt 1:24; cp. 26:19 (on the structure s. RPesch, BZ 10, ’66, 220–45; 11, ’67, 79–95; cp. the formula Job 42:9 and the contrasting negation Ex 1:17; s. also Ex 3:21f); 28:15.—Practically equivalent to ὅ, which is a v.l. for it Mk 14:72 (JBirdsall, NovT 2, ’58, 272–75; cp. Lk 14:22 above).γ. ἕκαστος ὡς each one as or according to what Ro 12:3; 1 Cor 3:5; 7:17ab; Rv 22:12. ὡς ἦν δυνατὸς ἕκαστος each person interpreted them as best each could Papias (2:16).δ. in indirect questions (X., Cyr. 1, 5, 11 ἀπαίδευτοι ὡς χρὴ συμμάχοις χρῆσθαι) ἐξηγοῦντο ὡς ἐγνώσθη αὐτοῖς ἐν τῇ κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου they told how he had made himself known to them when they broke bread together Lk 24:35. Cp. Mk 12:26 v.l. (for πῶς); Lk 8:47; 23:55; Ac 10:38; 20:20; Ro 11:2; 2 Cor 7:15.② a conjunction marking a point of comparison, as. This ‘as’ can have a ‘so’ expressly corresponding to it or not, as the case may be; further, both sides of the comparison can be expressed in complete clauses, or one or even both may be abbreviated.ⓐ ὡς is correlative w. οὕτως=so. οὕτως … ὡς (so, in such a way) … as: οὐδέποτε ἐλάλησεν οὕτως ἄνθρωπος ὡς οὗτος λαλεῖ ὁ ἄνθρωπος J 7:46. ὡς … οὕτως Ac 8:32 (Is 53:7); 23:11; Ro 5:15 (ὡς τὸ παράπτωμα, οὕτως καὶ τὸ χάρισμα, both halves to be completed), 18. ὡς κοινωνοί ἐστε τῶν παθημάτων, οὕτως καὶ τῆς παρακλήσεως as you are comrades in suffering, so (shall you be) in comfort as well 2 Cor 1:7. Cp. 7:14; 11:3 v.l.—ὡς … καί as … so (Plut., Mor. 39e; Ath. 15, 2) Mt 6:10; Ac 7:51; 2 Cor 13:2; Gal 1:9; Phil 1:20.ⓑ The clause beginning w. ὡς can easily be understood and supplied in many cases; when this occurs, the noun upon which the comparison depends can often stand alone, and in these cases ὡς acts as a particle denoting comparison. οἱ δίκαιοι ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς ὁ ἥλιος the righteous will shine out as the sun (shines) Mt 13:43. ὡς ἐπὶ λῃστὴν ἐξήλθατε συλλαβεῖν με as (one goes out) against a robber, (so) you have gone out to arrest me 26:55 (Mel., P. 79, 574 ὡς ἐπὶ φόνιον λῄστην). γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι ὡς οἱ ὄφεις be (as) wise as serpents (are) 10:16b. Cp. Lk 12:27; 21:35; 22:31; J 15:6; 2 Ti 2:17; 1 Pt 5:8.ⓒ Semitic infl. is felt in the manner in which ὡς, combined w. a subst., takes the place of a subst. or an adj.α. a substantiveא. as subj. (cp. Da 7:13 ὡς υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἤρχετο; cp. 10:16, 18) ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου (ἦν) ὡς θάλασσα ὑαλίνη before the throne there was something like a sea of glass Rv 4:6. Cp. 8:8; 9:7a. ἀφʼ ἑνὸς ἐγενήθησαν ὡς ἡ ἄμμος from one man they have come into being as the sand, i.e. countless descendants Hb 11:12.ב. as obj. (JosAs 17:6 εἶδεν Ἀσενὲθ ὡς ἅρμα πυρός) ᾂδουσιν ὡς ᾠδὴν καινήν they were singing, as it were, a new song Rv 14:3. ἤκουσα ὡς φωνήν I heard what sounded like a shout 19:1, 6abc; cp. 6:1.β. as adjective, pred. (mostly εἶναι, γίνεσθαι ὡς; the latter also in rendering of ךְּ to express the basic reality of something: GDelling, Jüd. Lehre u. Frömmigkeit ’67, p. 58, on ParJer 9:7) ἐὰν μὴ γένησθε ὡς τὰ παιδία if you do not become child-like Mt 18:3. ὡς ἄγγελοί εἰσιν they are similar to angels 22:30. πᾶσα σὰρξ ὡς χόρτος 1 Pt 1:24. Cp. Mk 6:34; 12:25; Lk 22:26ab; Ro 9:27 (Is 10:22); 29a (Is 1:9a); 1 Cor 4:13; 7:7f, 29–31; 9:20f; 2 Pt 3:8ab (Ps 89:4); Rv 6:12ab al. (cp. GrBar 14:1 ἐγένετο φωνὴ ὡς βροντή). Sim. also ποίησόν με ὡς ἕνα τῶν μισθίων σου treat me like one of your day laborers Lk 15:19.—The adj. or adjectival expr. for which this form stands may be used as an attribute πίστιν ὡς κόκκον σινάπεως faith like a mustard seed=faith no greater than a tiny mustard seed Mt 17:20; Lk 17:6. προφήτης ὡς εἷς τῶν προφητῶν Mk 6:15. Cp. Ac 3:22; 7:37 (both Dt 18:15); 10:11; 11:5. ἐγένετο ὡς εἷς τῶν φευγόντων AcPl Ha 5, 18. ἀρνίον ὡς ἐσφαγμένον a lamb that appeared to have been slaughtered Rv 5:6.—In expressions like τρίχας ὡς τρίχας γυναικῶν 9:8a the second τρίχας can be omitted as self-evident (Ps 54:7 v.l.): ἡ φωνὴ ὡς σάλπιγγος 4:1; cp. 1:10; 9:8b; 13:2a; 14:2c; 16:3.ⓓ other noteworthy usesα. ὡς as can introduce an example ὡς καὶ Ἠλίας ἐποίησεν Lk 9:54 v.l.; cp. 1 Pt 3:6; or, in the combination ὡς γέγραπται, a scripture quotation Mk 1:2 v.l.; 7:6; Lk 3:4; Ac 13:33; cp. Ro 9:25; or even an authoritative human opinion Ac 17:28; 22:5; 25:10; or any other decisive reason Mt 5:48; 6:12 (ὡς καί).β. ὡς introduces short clauses: ὡς εἰώθει as his custom was Mk 10:1. Cp. Hs 5, 1, 2. ὡς λογίζομαι as I think 1 Pt 5:12. ὡς ἐνομίζετο as was supposed Lk 3:23 (Diog. L. 3, 2 ὡς Ἀθήνησιν ἦν λόγος [about Plato’s origin]; TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 32 [Stone p. 12] ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ; Just., A I, 6, 2 ὡς ἐδιδάχθημεν). ὡς ἦν as he was Mk 4:36. ὡς ἔφην Papias (2:15) (ApcMos 42; cp. Just., A I, 21, 6 ὡς προέφημεν).γ. The expr. οὕτως ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ ὡς ἄνθρωπος βάλῃ τὸν σπόρον Mk 4:26 may well exhibit colloquial syntax; but some think that ἄν (so one v.l. [=ἐάν, which is read by many mss.]) once stood before ἄνθρωπος and was lost inadvertently. S. the comm., e.g. EKlostermann, Hdb. z. NT4 ’50 ad loc.; s. also Jülicher, Gleichn. 539; B-D-F §380, 4; Mlt. 185 w. notes; Rdm.2 154; Rob. 928; 968.③ marker introducing the perspective from which a pers., thing, or activity is viewed or understood as to character, function, or role, asⓐ w. focus on quality, circumstance, or roleα. as (JosAs 26:7 ἔγνω … Λευὶς … ταῦτα πάντα ὡς προφήτης; Just., A I, 7, 4 ἵνα ὡς ἄδικος κολάζηται) τί ἔτι κἀγὼ ὡς ἁμαρτωλὸς κρίνομαι; why am I still being condemned as a sinner? Ro 3:7. ὡς σοφὸς ἀρχιτέκτων 1 Cor 3:10. ὡς ἀρτιγέννητα βρέφη as newborn children (in reference to desire for maternal milk) 1 Pt 2:2. μή τις ὑμῶν πασχέτω ὡς φονεύς 4:15a; cp. b, 16.—1:14; 1 Cor 7:25; 2 Cor 6:4; Eph 5:1; Col 3:12; 1 Th 2:4, 7a.—In the oblique cases, genitive (ApcSed 16:2 ὡς νέου αὐτοῦ ἐπαράβλεπον τὰ πταίσματα αὐτοῦ; Just., A I, 14, 4 ὑμέτερον ἔστω ὡς δυνατῶν βασιλέων): τιμίῳ αἵματι ὡς ἀμνοῦ ἀμώμου Χριστοῦ with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish 1 Pt 1:19. δόξαν ὡς μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός glory as of an only-begotten son, coming from the Father J 1:14. Cp. Hb 12:27. Dative (Ath. 14, 2 θύουσιν ὡς θεοῖς; 28, 3 πιστεύειν ὡς μυθοποιῷ; Stephan. Byz. s.v. Κυνόσαργες: Ἡρακλεῖ ὡς θεῷ θύων): λαλῆσαι ὑμῖν ὡς πνευματικοῖς 1 Cor 3:1a; cp. bc; 10:15; 2 Cor 6:13; Hb 12:5; 1 Pt 2:13f; 3:7ab; 2 Pt 1:19. Accusative (JosAs 22:8 ἠγάπα αὐτὸν ὡς ἄνδρα προφήτην; Just., A I, 4, 4 τὸ ὄνομα ὡς ἔλεγχον λαμβάνετε; Tat. 27, 1 ὡς ἀθεωτάτους ἡμᾶς ἐκκηρύσσετε; Ath. 16, 4 οὐ προσκυνῶ αὐτὰ ὡς θεοὺς): οὐχ ὡς θεὸν ἐδόξασαν Ro 1:21; 1 Cor 4:14; 8:7; Tit 1:7; Phlm 16; Hb 6:19; 11:9. παρακαλῶ ὡς παροίκους καὶ παρεπιδήμους 1 Pt 2:11 (from the perspective of their conversion experience the recipients of the letter are compared to temporary residents and disenfranchised foreigners, cp. the imagery 1 Pt 1:19 above and s. παρεπίδημος and πάροικος 2).—This is prob. also the place for ὸ̔ ἐὰν ποιῆτε, ἐργάζεσθε ὡς τῷ κυρίῳ whatever you have to do, do it as work for the Lord Col 3:23. Cp. Eph 5:22. εἴ τις λαλεῖ ὡς λόγια θεοῦ if anyone preaches, (let the pers. do so) as if (engaged in proclaiming the) words of God 1 Pt 4:11a; cp. ibid. b; 2 Cor 2:17bc; Eph 6:5, 7.β. ὡς w. ptc. gives the reason for an action as one who, because (X., Cyr. 7, 5, 13 κατεγέλων τῆς πολιορκίας ὡς ἔχοντες τὰ ἐπιτήδεια; Appian, Liby. 56 §244 μέμφεσθαι τοῖς θεοῖς ὡς ἐπιβουλεύουσι=as being hostile; Polyaenus 2, 1, 1; 3, 10, 3 ὡς ἔχων=just as if he had; TestAbr B 8 p. 112, 17 [Stone p. 72] ὡς αὐτῷ ὄντι φίλῳ μου (do it for) him [Abraham] as a friend of mine; TestJob 17:5 καθʼ ἡμῶν ὡς τυραννούντων against us as though we were tyrants; ApcMos 23 ὡς νομίζοντες on the assumption that (we would not be discovered); Jos., Ant. 1, 251; Ath. 16, 1 ὁ δὲ κόσμος οὐχ ὡς δεομένου τοῦ θεοῦ γέγονεν; SIG 1168, 35); Paul says: I appealed to the Emperor οὐχ ὡς τοῦ ἔθνους μου ἔχων τι κατηγορεῖν not that I had any charge to bring against my (own) people Ac 28:19 (PCairZen 44, 23 [257 B.C.] οὐχ ὡς μενῶν=not as if it were my purpose to remain there). ὡς foll. by the gen. abs. ὡς τὰ πάντα ἡμῖν τῆς θείας δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ δεδωρημένης because his divine power has granted us everything 2 Pt 1:3. Cp. Dg. 5:16.—Only in isolated instances does ὡς show causal force when used w. a finite verb for, seeing that (PLeid 16, 1, 20; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 17, 2, end, Vit. Auct. 25; Aesop, Fab. 109 P.=148 H.; 111 H-H.: ὡς εὐθέως ἐξελεύσομαι=because; Tetrast. Iamb. 1, 6, 3; Nicetas Eugen. 6, 131 H. Cp. Herodas 10, 3: ὡς=because [with the copula ‘is’ to be supplied]) Mt 6:12 (ὡς καί as Mk 7:37 v.l.; TestDan 3:1 v.l.; the parallel Lk 11:4 has γάρ). AcPlCor 1:6 ὡς οὖν ὁ κύριος ἠλέησεν ἡμᾶς inasmuch as the Lord has shown us mercy (by permitting us). So, more oft., καθώς (q.v. 3).γ. ὡς before the predicate acc. or nom. w. certain verbs functions pleonastically and further contributes to the aspect of perspective ὡς προφήτην ἔχουσιν τὸν Ἰωάννην Mt 21:26. Cp. Lk 16:1. λογίζεσθαί τινα ὡς foll. by acc. look upon someone as 1 Cor 4:1; 2 Cor 10:2 (for this pass. s. also c below). Cp. 2 Th 3:15ab; Phil 2:7; Js 2:9.ⓑ w. focus on a conclusion existing only in someone’s imagination or based solely on someone’s assertion (PsSol 8:30; Jos., Bell. 3, 346; Just., A I, 27, 5; Mel., P. 58, 422) προσηνέγκατέ μοι τὸν ἄνθρωπον τοῦτον ὡς ἀποστρέφοντα τὸν λαόν, καὶ ἰδοὺ … you have brought this fellow before me as one who (as you claim) is misleading the people, and now … Lk 23:14. τί καυχᾶσαι ὡς μὴ λαβών; why do you boast, as though you (as you think) had not received? 1 Cor 4:7. Cp. Ac 3:12; 23:15, 20; 27:30. ὡς μὴ ἐρχομένου μου as though I were not coming (acc. to their mistaken idea) 1 Cor 4:18. ὡς μελλούσης τῆς πόλεως αἴρεσθαι assuming that the city was being destroyed AcPl Ha 5, 16.ⓒ w. focus on what is objectively false or erroneous ἐπιστολὴ ὡς διʼ ἡμῶν a letter (falsely) alleged to be from us 2 Th 2:2a (Diod S 33, 5, 5 ἔπεμψαν ὡς παρὰ τῶν πρεσβευτῶν ἐπιστολήν they sent a letter which purported to come from the emissaries; Diog. L. 10:3 falsified ἐπιστολαὶ ὡς Ἐπικούρου; Just., A, II, 5, 5 ὡς ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ σπορᾷ γενομένους υἱούς). τοὺς λογιζομένους ἡμᾶς ὡς κατὰ σάρκα περιπατοῦντας 2 Cor 10:2 (s. also aγ above). Cp. 11:17; 13:7. Israel wishes to become righteous οὐκ ἐκ πίστεως ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐξ ἔργων not through faith but through deeds (the latter way being objectively wrong) Ro 9:32 (Rdm.2 26f). ὡς ἐκ παραδόσεως ἀγράφου εἰς αὐτὸν ἥκοντα (other matters he recounts) as having reached him through unwritten tradition (Eus. about Papias) Papias (2:11).④ conj., marker of result in connection with indication of purpose=ὥστε so that (Trag., Hdt.+, though nearly always w. the inf.; so also POxy 1040, 11; PFlor 370, 10; Wsd 5:12; TestJob 39:7; ApcMos 38; Jos., Ant. 12, 229; Just., A I, 56, 2; Tat. 12, 2. W. the indic. X., Cyr. 5, 4, 11 οὕτω μοι ἐβοήθησας ὡς σέσῳσμαι; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 8, 7 p. 324, 25f; Jos., Bell. 3, 343; Ath. 15, 3; 22, 2) Hb 3:11; 4:3 (both Ps 94:11). ὡς αὐτὸν καθόλου τὸ φῶς μὴ βλέπειν Papias (3:2) (s. φῶς 1a). ὡς πάντας ἄχθεσθαι (s. ἄχθομαι) AcPl Ha 4, 14. ὡς πάντας … ἀγαλλιᾶσθαι 6, 31 al.⑤ marker of discourse content, that, the fact that after verbs of knowing, saying (even introducing direct discourse: Maximus Tyr. 5:4f), hearing, etc.=ὅτι that (X., An. 1, 3, 5; Menand., Sam. 590 S. [245 Kö.]; Aeneas Tact. 402; 1342; PTebt 10, 6 [119 B.C.]; 1 Km 13:11; EpArist; Philo, Op. M. 9; Jos., Ant. 7, 39; 9, 162; 15, 249 al.; Just., A I, 60, 2; Tat. 39, 2; 41, 1; Ath. 30, 4.—ORiemann, RevPhilol n.s. 6, 1882, 73–75; HKallenberg, RhM n.s. 68, 1913, 465–76; B-D-F §396) ἀναγινώσκειν Mk 12:26 v.l. (for πῶς); Lk 6:4 (w. πῶς as v.l.). μνησθῆναι Lk 24:6 (D ὅσα); cp. 22:61 (=Lat. quomodo, as in ms. c of the Old Itala; cp. Plautus, Poen. 3, 1, 54–56). ἐπίστασθαι (Jos., Ant. 7, 372) Ac 10:28; 20:18b v.l. (for πῶς). εἰδέναι (MAI 37, 1912, 183 [= Kl. T. 110, 81, 10] ἴστε ὡς [131/132 A.D.]) 1 Th 2:11a. μάρτυς ὡς Ro 1:9; Phil 1:8; 1 Th 2:10.—ὡς ὅτι s. ὅτι 5b.⑥ w. numerals, a degree that approximates a point on a scale of extent, about, approximately, nearly (Hdt., Thu. et al.; PAmh 72, 12; PTebt 381, 4 [VSchuman, ClW 28, ’34/35, 95f: pap]; Jos., Ant. 6, 95; Ruth 1:4; 1 Km 14:2; TestJob 31:2; JosAs 1:6) ὡς δισχίλιοι Mk 5:13. Cp. 8:9; Lk 1:56; 8:42; J 1:39; 4:6; 6:10, 19; 19:14, 39; 21:8; Ac 4:4; 5:7, 36; 13:18, 20; 27:37 v.l. (Hemer, Acts 149 n. 140); Rv 8:1.⑦ a relatively high point on a scale involving exclamation, how! (X., Cyr. 1, 3, 2 ὦ μῆτερ, ὡς καλός μοι ὁ πάππος! Himerius, Or. 54 [=Or. 15], 1 ὡς ἡδύ μοι τὸ θέατρον=how pleasant … ! Ps 8:2; 72:1; TestJob 7:12) ὡς ὡραῖοι οἱ πόδες τῶν εὐαγγελιζομένων ἀγαθά Ro 10:15 (cp. Is 52:7). Cp. 11:33. ὡς μεγάλη μοι ἡ σήμερον ἡμέρα GJs 19:2.⑧ temporal conjunction (B-D-F §455, 2; 3; Harnack, SBBerlAk 1908, 392).ⓐ w. the aor. when, after (Hom., Hdt. et al.; Diod S 14, 80, 1; pap [POxy 1489, 4 al.]; LXX; TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 6 [Stone p. 62]; JosAs 3:2; ParJer 3:1; ApcMos 22; Jos., Bell. 1, 445b; Just., D. 2, 4; 3, 1) ὡς ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι Lk 1:23. ὡς ἐγεύσατο ὁ ἀρχιτρίκλινος J 2:9.—Lk 1:41, 44; 2:15, 39; 4:25; 5:4; 7:12; 15:25; 19:5; 22:66; 23:26; J 4:1, 40; 6:12, 16; 7:10; 11:6, 20, 29, 32f; 18:6; 19:33; 21:9; Ac 5:24; 10:7, 25; 13:29; 14:5; 16:10, 15; 17:13; 18:5; 19:21; 21:1, 12; 22:25; 27:1, 27; 28:4. AcPl Ha 3, 20.ⓑ w. pres. or impf. while, when, as long as (Menand., Fgm. 538, 2 K. ὡς ὁδοιπορεῖς; Cyrill. Scyth. [VI A.D.] ed. ESchwartz ’39 p. 143, 1; 207, 22 ὡς ἔτι εἰμί=as long as I live) ὡς ὑπάγεις μετὰ τοῦ ἀντιδίκου σου while you are going with your opponent Lk 12:58. ὡς ἐλάλει ἡμῖν, ὡς διήνοιγεν ἡμῖν τὰς γραφάς while he was talking, while he was opening the scriptures to us 24:32.—J 2:23; 8:7; 12:35f ( as long as; cp. ἕως 2a); Ac 1:10; 7:23; 9:23; 10:17; 13:25; 19:9; 21:27; 25:14; Gal 6:10 ( as long as); 2 Cl 8:1; 9:7; IRo 2:2; ISm 9:1 (all four as long as).—ὡς w. impf., and in the next clause the aor. ind. w. the same subject (Diod S 15, 45, 4 ὡς ἐθεώρουν …, συνεστήσαντο ‘when [or ‘as soon as’] they noticed …, they put together [a fleet]’; SIG 1169, 58 ὡς ἐνεκάθευδε, εἶδε ‘while he was sleeping [or ‘when he went to sleep’] [in the temple] he saw [a dream or vision]’) Mt 28:9 v.l.; J 20:11; Ac 8:36; 16:4; 22:11.— Since (Soph., Oed. R. 115; Thu. 4, 90, 3) ὡς τοῦτο γέγονεν Mk 9:21.ⓒ ὡς ἄν or ὡς ἐάν w. subjunctive of the time of an event in the future when, as soon as.α. ὡς ἄν (Hyperid. 2, 43, 4; Herodas 5, 50; Lucian, Cronosolon 11; PHib 59, 1 [c. 245 B.C.] ὡς ἂν λάβῃς; UPZ 71, 18 [152 B.C.]; PTebt 26, 2. Cp. Witkowski 87; Gen 12:12; Josh 2:14; Is 8:21; Da 3:15 Theod.; Ath. 31, 3 [ἐάν Schwartz]) Ro 15:24; 1 Cor 11:34; Phil 2:23.β. ὡς ἐάν (PFay 111, 16 [95/96 A.D.] ὡς ἐὰν βλέπῃς) 1 Cl 12:5f; Hv 3, 8, 9; 3, 13, 2.ⓓ w. the superlative ὡς τάχιστα (a bookish usage; s. B-D-F §244, 1; Rob. 669) as quickly as possible Ac 17:15 (s. ταχέως 1c).⑨ a final particle, expressing intention/purpose, with a view to, in order toⓐ w. subjunctive (Hom.+; TestAbr A 4 p. 80, 33 [Stone p. 8]; SibOr 3, 130; Synes., Hymni 3, 44 [NTerzaghi ’39]) ὡς τελειώσω in order that I might finish Ac 20:24 v.l. (s. Mlt. 249).ⓑ w. inf. (X.; Arrian [very oft.: ABoehner, De Arriani dicendi genere, diss. Erlangen 1885 p. 56]; PGen 28, 12 [II A.D.]; ZPE 8, ’71, 177: letter of M. Ant. 57, cp. 44–46; 3 Macc 1:2; Joseph.; cp. the use of the opt. Just., D. 2, 3) Lk 9:52. ὡς τελειῶσαι Ac 20:24. ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν Hb 7:9 (s. ἔπος).ⓒ used w. prepositions to indicate the direction intended (Soph., Thu., X. [Kühner-G. I 472 note 1]; Polyb. 1, 29, 1; LRadermacher, Philol 60, 1901, 495f) πορεύεσθαι ὡς ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν Ac 17:14 v.l.—WStählin, Symbolon, ’58, 99–104. S. also ὡσάν, ὡσαύτως, ὡσεί 2, ὥσπερ b, ὡσπερεί, ὥστε 2b. DELG. M-M. -
4 παρά
πᾰρά [pron. full] [ρᾰ], [dialect] Ep. and Lyr. also [full] παραί: shortd. [full] πάρ, in Hom., Lyr. (but rarely in Trag., in lyr. passages, A.Supp. 553, S.Tr. 636), and in all dial ects exc. [dialect] Att., GDI5434.8 ([place name] Paros), IG5(2).3.14 (Tegea, iv B. C.), Inscr.Magn.26.28 (Thess.), etc.:—Prep. c. gen., dat., and acc., prop.A beside: hence,A WITH GEN. prop. denoting motion from the side of, from beside, from:I of Place,πὰρ νηῶν ἔλθωμεν Il.13.744
;παρὰ ναῦφιν ἐλευσόμεθ' 12.225
, etc.;παρ' Ὠκεανοῖο ῥοάων.. ἐπερχομένη Od.22.197
;πὰρ νηῶν ἀπώσεται Il.8.533
, etc.;δῶρα π. νηὸς ἐνεικέμεν 19.194
;φάσγανον ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος π. μηροῦ 1.190
, cf. 21.173;σπασσάμενος.. ἄορ παχέος π. μηροῦ 16.473
; πλευρὰ παρ' ἀσπίδος ἐξεφαάνθη was exposed beside the shield, 4.468, cf. A.Th. 624.II commonly of Persons,1 with Verbs of going or coming, bringing, etc.,ἦλθε.. πὰρ Διός Il.2.787
;παρ' Αἰήταο πλέουσα Od.12.70
, etc.;ἀγγελίη ἥκει π. βασιλέος Hdt.8.140
.ά; αὐτομολήσαντες π. βασιλέως X.An.1.7.13
;ἐξεληλυθὼς παρ' Ἀριστάρχου D.21.117
; ὁ π. τινὸς ἥκων his messenger, X.Cyr.4.5.53; soοἱ π. τινός Th.7.10
, Ev.Marc.3.21, etc.;ὅστις ἀφικνεῖτο τῶν π. βασιλέως πρὸς αὐτόν X.An.1.1.5
, etc.; τεύχεα καλὰ φέρουσα παρ' Ἡφαίστοιο from his workshop, Il.18.137, cf. 617, etc.;ἀπαγγέλλειν τι π. τινός X.An.2.1.20
;σὺ δὲ οἰμώζειν αὐτοῖς παρ' ἐμοῦ λέγε Luc.DMort.1.2
.2 issuing from a person, γίγνεσθαι π. τινός to be born from, Pl.Smp. 179b; λόγος (sc. ἐστί) π. Ἀθηναίων c. acc. et inf., Hdt.8.55: freq. following a Noun, δόξα ἡ π. τῶν ἀνθρώπων glory from (given by) men, Pl.Phdr. 232a; ἡ π. τινὸς εὔνοια the favour from, i. e. of, any one, X.Mem.2.2.12; τὸ παρ' ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα done by me, Id.Cyr.5.5.13; τὰ π. τινός all that issues from any one, as commands, commissions, Id.An.2.3.4, etc.; or promises, gifts, presents, Id.Mem.3.11.13; τὰ παρ' ἐμοῦ my opinions, Pl.Smp. 219a; παρ' ἑωυτοῦ διδούς giving from oneself, i. e. from one's own means, Hdt. 2.129, 8.5;παρ' ἑαυτοῦ προσετίθει X.HG6.1.3
; νόμον θὲς παρ' ἐμοῦ by my advice, Pl.Prt. 322d; αὐτοὶ παρ' αὑτῶν of themselves, Id.Tht. 150d, cf. Phdr. 235c.3 with Verbs of receiving, obtaining, and the like ,τυχεῖν τινος π. τινός Od.6.290
, 15.158;πὰρ δ' ἄρα μιν Ταφίων πρίατο 14.452
;ἀρέομαι πὰρ μὲν Σαλαμῖνος Ἀθαναίων χάριν Pi.P.1.76
;εὑρέσθαι τι π. τῶν θεῶν Isoc.9.14
, cf. IG12.40.10; δέχεσθαι, λαμβάνειν, ἁρπάζειν π. τινός, Th.1.20, X.Oec.9.11, Hes.Th. 914; ἀντιάσαι, αἰτήσασθαι π. τινός, S.El. 870 (lyr.), X.HG3.1.4;ἀξιοῖ π. τοῦ ἰατροῦ φάρμακον πιὼν ἐξεμέσαι τὸ νόσημα Pl.R. 406d
;κόσμος τοῖς πράξασι γίγνεται π. τῶν ἀκουσάντων Id.Mx. 236e
: without Verb,ὁ καρπὸς ὁ π. τῶν δημάρχων IG12.76.27
: with Verbs of learning, etc.,μεμαθηκέναι π. τινῶν Hdt.2.104
, etc.4 with [voice] Pass. Verbs,πὰρ Διὸς.. μῆνις ἐτύχθη Il.15.122
;π. θεῶν ἡ τοιαύτη μανία δίδοται Pl.Phdr. 245c
, etc.; τὰ π. τῶν θεῶν σημαινόμενα, συμβουλευόμενα, X.Cyr.1.6.2; τὰ π. τινὸς λεγόμενα ib.6.1.42; τὰ π. τῆς τύχης δωρηθέντα the presents of.., Isoc.4.26;με π. σοῦ σοφίας πληρωθήσεσθαι Pl.Smp. 175e
.III rarely for παρά c. dat., by, near,πὰρ ποδός Pi.P.10.62
, 3.60; παρὰ δὲ κυανέων πελαγέων dub. l. in S.Ant. 966 (lyr.);τὸν Ῥειτὸν τὸν παρὰ τοῦ ἄστεως IG12.81.5
; πολλοὶ παρ' ἀμφοτέρων ἔπιπτον, = ἀμφοτέρωθεν, D.S.19.42.B WITH DAT. denoting rest by the side of any person or thing, answering the question where?I of Places, κατ' ἂρ ἕζετ'.. πὰρ πυρί, ἔκειτο π. σηκῷ, Od.7.154, 9.319;νέμονται π. πέτρῃ 13.408
;ἑσταότες παρ ὄχεσφιν Il.8.565
; πὰρ ποσὶ μαρναμένων ἐκυλίνδετο at their feet, 14.411, etc.; π. θύρῃσι at the door, 7.346;π. ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης 2.773
;δεῖπνον.. εἵλοντο παρ' ὄχθῃσιν ποταμοῖο Od.6.97
, cf. Il.4.475, 20.53, etc.;κεῖσθαι παρ' Ἅιδῃ S.OT 972
; παρ' οἴνῳ over wine, ib. 780, etc.II of persons, beside,πὰρ δὲ οἷ αὐτῷ εἷσε Θεοκλύμενον Od.15.285
;κεῖτο παρὰ μνηστῇ ἀλόχῳ Il.9.556
, cf. 6.246, etc.;παρ' ἀνδράσιν εὐνάζεσθαι Od.5.119
;δαίνυσθαι π. τινί 8.243
; πὰρ δέ οἱ ἑστήκει stood by him, Il.4.367.2 at one's house or place, with one,μένειν π. τισί 9.427
;θητευέμεν ἄλλῳ, ἀνδρὶ παρ' ἀκλήρῳ Od.11.490
;φιλέεσθαι π. τινί Il.13.627
; παρ' ἑωυτοῖσι at their own house, Hdt.1.105, cf. 86;παιδευθῆναι π. τινί X.Cyr.1.2.15
;καταλύειν π. τινί D.18.82
(butπαρά τινα καταλῦσαι Th.1.136
), etc.: hence οἱ παρ' ἐμοί those of my household, X.Mem.2.7.4, etc.; τὰ παρ' ἐμοί life with me, Id.An. 1.7.4; οἱ παρ' ἡμῖν ἄνθρωποι our people, Pl.Phd. 64b; ἡ παρ' ἡμῖν πολιτεία, ὁ παρ' ὑμῖν δῆμος, D.15.19; ὁ παρ' αὑτῷ βίοτος one's own life, S.OT 612;τὸ παρ' ἡμῖν πῦρ Pl.Phlb. 29f
; ;τὸ παρ' ἡμῖν σῶμα Pl.Phlb. 29f
; also, in one's hands,τὰ π. τοῖς Ἑλληνοταμίαις ὄντα IG12.91.6
;ἔχειν παρ' ἑωυτῷ Hdt. 1.130
, etc.; οὔπω παρ' ἐμοὶ τότ' ἦν λέγειν I had no right to speak then, Men.Epit.98.3 before, in the presence of,ἤειδε π. μνηστῆρσιν Od. 1.154
; before a judge,δίκας γίγνεσθαι π. τῷ πολεμάρχῳ IG12.16.9
;π. Δαρείῳ κριτῇ Hdt.3.160
;π. τῷ βασιλέϊ Id.4.65
;παρὰ δικασταῖς Th. 1.73
;εἰς κρίσιν καθιστάναι τινὰ π. τισί D.18.13
: hence παρ' ἐμοί in my judgement, Hdt.1.32, cf. S.Tr. 589, E.Heracl. 881, 1 Ep.Cor.3.19; π. τούτῳ μέγα δυνήσεται with him, Pl.Grg. 510e.4 in quoting authors, παρ' Ἐφόρῳ, παρ' Αἰσχίνῃ, π. Θουκυδίδῃ, in Ephorus, etc., Plb. 9.2.4, D.H.Comp.9,18.III Arc., = π. c. gen., from,καθὰ εἶχον τὰς ἰντολὰς π. τᾷ ἰδίᾳ πόλι SIG559.9
(Megalop., iii B. C.), cf. 558.10 (Ithaca, iii B. C.).C WITH ACCUS. in three main senses,I beside, near, by,II along,III past, beyond.I beside, near, by:1 with Verbs of coming, going, etc., to the side of, to,ἴτην π. νῆας Il.1.347
, cf. 8.220, etc.;βῆ.. π. θῖνα 1.34
, cf. 327, etc.; τρέψας πὰρ ποταμόν to the side of.., 21.603, cf. 3.187: more freq. of persons, εἶμι παρ' Ἥφαιστον to the chamber of H., 18.143, cf. Od.1.285, etc.;ἐσιόντες π. τοὺς φίλους Th.2.51
, etc.;φοιτᾶν π. τὸν Σωκράτη Pl.Phd. 59d
; πέμπειν ἀγγέλους, πρέσβεις π. τινά, Hdt. 1.141, Th.1.58, etc.;ἄγειν π. τινά Hdt.1.86
;καταφυγὴ π. φίλων τινάς Th.2.17
.2 with Verbs of rest, beside, near, by, sts. with ref. to past motion (expressed in such phrases asἧσο παρ' αὐτὸν ἰοῦσα Il.3.406
, cf. 11.577), , cf. 13.372; κεῖται ποταμοῖο παρ' ὄχθας lies stretched beside.., Il.4.487, cf. 12.381; παρ' ἔμ' ἵστασο come and stand by me, 11.314, cf. 592, 20.49, etc.;π. πυθμέν' ἐλαίης θῆκαν Od.13.122
;καταθέτω π. τὰ ἴκρια IG12.94.28
; κοιμήσαντο π. πρυμνήσια they lay down by.., Od.12.32, cf. 3.460;ὁ παρ' ἐμὲ καθήμενος Pl.Euthd. 271b
, cf. Phd. 89b; ἐκάθητο π. τὴν πύλην, π. τὴν ὁδόν, LXX Ge.19.1, Ev.Marc. 10.46;παρ' αὐτὸν τὸν καλέσαντα κατακείμενος δειπνῆσαι Thphr.Char. 21.2
, cf. Pl.Smp. 175c;ἐκαθέζετο π. τὸν Λύσιν Id.Ly. 211a
, cf. R. 328c;στὰς παρ' αὐτόν Id.Phd. 116c
;τέμενος νεμόμεσθα.. παρ' ὄχθας Il.12.313
, cf. 6.34, IG12.943.45;τοῦ Εὐρίπου, παρ' ὃν ᾤκει Aeschin.3.90
;κατελείφθη π. τὸν νηόν Hdt.4.87
;τὴν παρ' ἐμὲ ἐοῦσαν δύναμιν Id.8.140
.ά (v.l. ἐμοί); εἶπεν αὐτῷ μένειν παρ' ἑαυτόν X.Cyr.1.4.18
, cf. An.1.9.31, Ar.Fr. 451, Is.8.16, Alex.248, Demetr.Com. Nov.1.5, IG22.654.23 (iii B. C.), Plb.3.26.1, 11.14.3, 28.14.3;ἡ π. θάλασσαν Μακεδονία Th.2.99
, cf. S.El. 184 (lyr.), Tr. 636 (lyr.);Καρβασυανδῆς π. Καῦνον IG12.204.52
;τὸ κουρεῖον τὸ π. τοὺς Ἑρμᾶς Lys.23.3
, cf. And.1.62, Is.6.20, 8.35, Aeschin. 1.182, 3.88, Lycurg.112; (1).109 iii 146 (Epid.); παρ' ὄμμα before one's eyes, E.Supp. 484; π. πόδας on the spot, Phld.Ir.p.78 W., Rh.2.2 S.; immediately thereafter, Plb.1.7.5, 1.8.2, al.b [dialect] Dor., [dialect] Boeot., and Thess., = supr. B. 11.2, at the house of.., with a person, IG7.3171.7 (Orchom. [dialect] Boeot.), GDI 1717 (Delph.); παρ' ἁμὲ πολυτίματος [ὁ σῖτος] Ar.Ach. 759 (Megar.);τοῖς κατοικέντεσσι πὰρ ἀμμέ IG9(2).517.18
(Larissa, iii B. C.); τοῖ πὰρ ἀμμὲ πολιτεύματος ib.13;πεπολιτευκὼρ πὰρ ἁμέ Schwyzer 425.5
(Elis, iii/ii B. C.): so in [dialect] Att., θέμενος π. γυναῖκας depositing with.., Pl. R. 465c.3 with Verbs of striking, wounding, etc.,βάλε στῆθος π. μαζόν Il.4.480
, etc.;τὸν δ' ἕτερον.. κληῗδα παρ' ὦμον πλῆξε 5.146
;τύψε κατὰ κληῗδα παρ' αὐχένα 21.117
, cf. 4.525, 8.325, etc.; , cf. 17.310; δησάμενος τελαμῶνι π. σφυρόν ib. 290.4 with Verbs of placing, examining, etc., side by side with..,ὁ ἔλεγχος π. τὸν ἔλεγχον παραβαλλόμενος Pl.Grg. 475e
, cf. Hp.Mi. 369c, Smp. 214c, R. 348a; ;ἄλλα παρ' ἄλλατιθέμενα.. τῶν χρωμάτων Arist.Mete. 375a24
.b Geom., παραβάλλειν π. apply an area to (i. e. along) a finite straight line, Euc.1.44, Archim.Aequil.2.1;π. τὴν δοθεῖσαν αὐτοῦ γραμμὴν παρατείναντα Pl. Men. 87a
; ἡ [εὐθεῖα] παρ' ἣν δύνανται αἱ καταγόμεναι τεταγμένως the line to which are applied the squares of the or dinates, etc., Apollon. Perg.Con.1.11: hence,c Arith., παραβάλλειν τι π. τι divide by.. (v.παραβάλλω A.
VII. 2);μερίζω τι π. τι Dioph.4.33
; ἐπὶ γ π. ί multiply by 3 and divide by 10, PLond.5.1718.2 (vi A. D.).5 Geom., parallel to.., Democr.155, Arist. Top. 158b31, Archim.Sph. Cyl.1.12, al.6 metaph. in Gramm., like, as a parody of.., π. τὸ Σοφόκλειον, π. τὰ ἐν Τεύκρῳ Σοφοκλέους, Sch.Ar.Av. 1240, Nu. 584.b Gramm., of words which differ as compared with other words, π. τὸ τοῦ ἔρωτος ὄνομα σμικρὸν παρηγμένον ἐστίν.. [τὸ ἥρως] Pl.Cra. 398d, cf. 399a, Lg. 654a: hence, derived from.., π. τὸ ἔδαφος, δάπεδον, A.D. Pron.31.16; π. τὸ δρῶ δρᾶμα Sch.A.R.2.624;σύγκειται [τὸ αὐθέντης] π. τὸ εἷναι.. καὶ π. τὸ αὐτός Phryn.PSp.24
B.7 generally, of Comparison, alongside of, compared with, usu. implying superiority,δοκέοντες π. ταῦτα οὐδ' ἂν τοὺς σοφωτάτους ἀνθρώπων Αἰγυπτίους οὐδὲν ἐπεξευρεῖν Hdt.2.160
, cf. 7.20, 103;ἡλίου ἐκλείψεις αἳ πυκνότεραι π. τὰ ἐκ τοῦ πρὶν χρόνου μνημονευόμενα ξυνέβησαν Th.1.23
, cf. 4.6;τῶν ἁπάντων ἀπερίοπτοί εἰσι π. τὸ νικᾶν Id.1.41
;π. τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα ὥσπερ θεοὶ ἄνθρωποι βιοτεύουσι X.Mem.1.4.14
;φαίνεται π. τὸ ἀλγεινὸν ἡδὺ καὶ π. τὸ ἡδὺ ἀλγεινὸν ἡ ἡσυχία Pl.R. 584a
, cf. Phdr. 236d, La. 183c, al.;εὐδαίμων μᾶλλον π. πάντας BCH26.332
([place name] Halae);προετέρει π. πάντας PSI 4.422.34
(iii B. C.): sts. implying inferiority or defect, ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν βραχύ τι παρ' ἀγγέλους a little lower than the angels, LXX Ps. 8.6; μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ ὑστεροῦσι π. τὸν ἥλιον lag one day behind the sun, Gem.8.19; so perh. παρ' αὐτόν, ὑπὲρ αὐτόν (has passed the ball?) short of him, beyond him, Antiph.234; μέγα τοι ἡμέρα παρ' ἡμέραν γιγνομένη γνώμην ἐξ ὀργῆς μεταστῆσαι one day compared with another is important.., a day's delay makes a difference, Antipho 5.72; τί γὰρ παρ' ἦμαρ ἡμέρα τέρπειν ἔχει προσθεῖσα κἀναθεῖσα τοῦ γε κατθανεῖν; what joy has one day compared with another to offer, since it only brings us nearer to, or farther from, death (which is neither good nor evil)? S.Aj. 475; ὃς μὲν κρίνει (prefers) ἡμέραν παρ' ἡμέραν, ὃς δὲ κρίνει (approves)πᾶσαν ἡμέραν Ep.Rom.14.5
.8 with Verbs of estimating, to set at so and so much, hence π. = equivalent to.., ταρβῶ μὴ.. θῆται παρ' οὐδὲν τὰς ἐμὰς ἐπιστολάς set at nought, E.IT 732, cf. A. Ag. 229 (lyr.);παρ' οὐδὲν ἄγειν S.Ant.35
; π. μικρὸν ἡγεῖσθαι or ποιεῖσθαί τι hold of small account, Isoc.5.79, D.61.51;παρ' ὀλίγον ποιεῖσθαί τινα X.An.6.6.11
; so with εἶναι, etc., παρ' οὐδέν ἐστι are as nothing, S.OT 983, cf. Ant. 466; ;οὐ π. μέγα ἔσεσθαι τὸ πταῖσμα Arr.An.1.18.6
; so perh. π. σμικρὰ κεχώρηκε have turned out of little account, have amounted to little, Hdt.1.120.b in Accountancy, without a verb, π. τὴν καταλλαγήν on account of κ., PHib.1.100.4 (iii B. C.).9 of correspondence, ὀφείλειν στατῆρα π. στατῆρα stater for stater (one to each of two creditors), BCH50.214 (Thasos, v B. C.);πληγὴν π. πληγὴν ἑκάτερον Ar.Ra. 643
; συνεῖναι ἑκατέρῳ ἡμέραν παρ' ἡμέραν stayed day for day with each, D.59.46; hence of alternation, ποιεῖσθαι ἁγνείας καὶ θυσίας δύο π. δύο, of four priests acting two and two alternately, BGU1198.12 (i B. C.); τοῦ καθημερινοῦ ἢ μίαν π. μίαν (sc. ἡμέραν) [πυρετοῦ] quotidian or tertian fever, ib.956.3 (iii A. D.): sts. without doubling of the Noun, παρ' ἡμέρην, opp. καθ' ἡμέρην, tertian, opp. quotidian, Hp.Aph.1.12; καθ' ἡμέραν, παρ' ἡμέραν, π. δύο, π. τρεῖς every day, every second day, every third (fourth) day, Arr.Epict.2.18.13; π. μίαν every second day, Plb.3.110.4; παρ' ἐνιαυτόν every second year, Plu.Cleom.15; παρ' ἔτος year and year about, Arist.GA 757a7; every second year, Paus.8.15.2; π. μέρος by turns (v. μέρος II. 2);ὁ ἀνὰ μέρος παρ' ἓξ μῆνας ὑπὲρ γῆν τε καὶ ὑπὸ γῆν γινόμενος Ἄδωνις Corn. ND28
; π. μῆνα τρίτον every third month, Arist.HA 582b4, cf. Plu.2.942e; but π. τρία [ἔτεα] prob. every fourth year, IG5(2).422 ([place name] Phigalea), cf. Arr.Epict. l.c.; ἕνα παρ' ἕνα παραλειπτέον every second one, Nicom.Ar.1.18; ἕνα π. δύο ([etym.] τρεῖς) every third (fourth) one, ibid.; παρὰ δ' ἄλλαν ἄλλα μοῖρα διώκει now one now another, E.Heracl. 611.10 precisely at the moment of, παρ' αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα flagrante delicto, D.18.13, 21.26;ἀποδώσω π. τὸν εὔθυνον τὸ καθῆκον IG12.188.31
; π. τοιοῦτον καιρόν, π. τὰς χρείας, D.20.41,46; π. τὰ δεινά in the midst of danger, Plu.Ant.63;π. τὴν πρώτην γένεσιν Jul.Or.1.10b
; π. τὴν πρώτην (sc. ἐπίθεσιν) at the first attack, Hld.9.2;π. γε τὴν πρώτην ὁρμήν Ael.NA14.10
.b distributively, whether of Time, π. τὰ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα in each complete period of seventy years, Hdt.1.32;ἐν ταῖς ὁδοιπορίαις π. στάδια διακόσια.. τοῖς ἑκατὸν σταδίοις διήνεγκαν ἀλλήλων X.Oec.20.18
; πὰρ Ϝέτος each year, every year, Tab.Heracl. 1.101;π. τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἕκαστον IG12(7).5.14
([place name] Amorgos); παρ' ἆμάρ τε καὶ νύκτα day and night, B.Fr.7; or more generally, πὰρ τὰν ἐλαίαν in respect of each olive plant, Tab.Heracl.1.122; παρ' ἡμέραν αἱ ἀμίαι πολὺ ἐπιδήλως αὐξάνονται from day to day, per day, Arist.HA 571a21;τὸ παρ' ἑκάστην βάσιν γινόμενον μικρὸν πολὺ γίνεται π. πολλάς Id.Pr. 881b26
;ἡ παρ' ἡμέραν χάρις D.8.70
;τὸ παρ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ἡδύ Pl. Lg. 705a
.c παρ' ἆμαρ on (this) day, to-day, τὸ μὲν πὰρ ἆμαρ, τὸ δέ .. to-day and to-morrow, Pi.P.11.63; but παρ' ἦμαρ to-morrow, S. OC 1455 (lyr.).d throughout a period of time,π. τὴν ζόην Hdt. 7.46
;π. τὸν βίον ἅπαντα Pl.Lg. 733a
;π. πάντα τὸν χρόνον D.18.10
; also more loosely, during, π. τὴν πόσιν while they were drinking, Hdt.2.121.δ; π. τὸν πότον Aeschin.2.156
;π. τὴν κύλικα Plu.Ant.24
; π. δεῖπνον or π. τὸ δεῖπνον, Id.2.737a,674f.II along,ὄνος παρ' ἄρουραν ἰών Il.11.558
;βῆ δὲ θέειν π. τεῖχος 12.352
;π. ῥόον Ὠκεανοῖο ᾔομεν Od. 11.21
;ἔπλεον π. τὴν ἤπειρον Hdt.7.193
;π. πᾶσαν τὴν ὁδόν Isoc.4.148
; ὀρθὴν παρ' οἶμον.. τύμβον κατόψει straight along the road, E.Alc. 835;παρ' ὅλην τὴν φάραγγα Plb.10.30.3
; παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν χαράδραν παραπορευομένων ib.9; for παραβάλλειν π., v. supr. c. 1.4b.2 strictly according to, without deviating from,εἶμι π. στάθμην ὀρθὴν ὁδόν Thgn. 945
, cf. S.Fr.474.5; ὠμοί τε δούλοις πάντα καὶ π. στάθμην, i.e. too strict, A.Ag. 1045; π. τὸν λόγον ὃν ἀποφέρουσιν.. ἐπιδείξω I will prove to you strictly according to the accounts which they themselves submit, D.27.34.III past, beyond,παρὰ σκοπιὴν καὶ ἐρινεὸν ἠνεμόεντα.. ἐσσεύοντο Il.22.145
, cf. Od.3.172, 24.12;βῆ δὲ π. Κρουνούς h.Ap. 425
; π. τὴν Βαβυλῶνα παριέναι pass by Babylon, X.Cyr.5.2.29; παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν χύτραν ἄκραν ὁρῶντες looking over the edge of.., Ar.Av. 390.2 metaph., over and above, in addition to,οὐκ ἔστι π. ταῦτ' ἄλλα Id.Nu. 698
;π. ταῦτα πάντα ἕτερόν τι Pl.Phd. 74a
, cf.R. 337d, D.18.139, X.HG 1.5.5; ἑκὼν ἐπόνει π. τοὺς ἄλλους more than the others, Id.Ages.5.3, cf. Mem.4.4.1, Oec.20.16;ἃ τῷ ῥαψῳδῷ προσήκει καὶ σκοπεῖσθαι καὶ διακρίνειν π. τοὺς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους Pl. Ion 539e
.3 metaph., in excess over, πὰρ δύναμιν beyond one's strength, Il.13.787, cf. Th.1.70, Hyp.Lyc.16, Arist.Rh.Al. 1423b29;π. τὴν δ. Id.Po. 1451b38
.4 metaph., in transgression or violation of,π. μοῖραν Od.14.509
;π. μοῖραν Δίος Alc.Supp. 14.10
; παρ' αἶσαν, παρὰ δίκαν, Pi.P.8.13, O.2.16, etc.;π. τὸ δίκαιον Th.5.90
, etc.; π. τὰς σπονδάς, τὸν νόμον, Id.1.67, X.HG1.7.14;π. φύσιν Th.6.17
, cf. Pl.Lg. 747b; π. τὴν στήλην prob. in IG12.45.20; π. καιρόν out of season, Pi.O.8.24, etc.; π. γνώμαν ib.12.10, cf. A.Supp. 454; π. δόξαν, π. τὸ δοκοῦν ἡμῖν, π. λόγον, Th.3.93, 1.84, Plb.2.38.5; παρ' ἐλπίδα or ἐλπίδας, A.Ag. 899, S.Ant. 392, etc.; πὰρ μέλος out of tune, Pi.N.7.69;π. τὴν ἀξίαν Th.7.77
, etc.; π. τὸ εἰωθός, τὸ καθεστηκός, Id.4.17, 1.98.5 π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, = παρῆλθε τοσοῦτον κινδύνου, passed over so much ground within the sphere of danger, i.e. incurred such imminent peril, Id.3.49, cf. 7.2; in such phrases the tmesis was forgotten, and the acc. came to be governed by παρά, which thus came to mean 'by such and such a margin', ' with so much to spare', ἐνίκησαν π. πολύ, ἡσσηθέντες π. πολύ, Id.1.29, 2.89, cf. Pl. Ap. 36a; παρὰ δ' ὀλίγον ἀπέφυγες only just, E.IT 870 (lyr.); ; δεινότατον π. πολύ by far, Ar.Pl. 445; παρ' ὅσον quatenus, Luc.Nec.17, etc.; π. δύο ψήφους ἀπέφυγε by two votes, Hyp.Eux.28, cf. D.23.205;π. τέτταρας ψήφους μετέσχε τῆς πόλεως Is.3.37
; π. τοσοῦτον ἐγένετο αὐτῷ μὴ περιπεσεῖν by so much (= little) he missed falling in with.., Th.8.33; π. πέντε ναῦς πλέον ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ ἢ τρεῖς ὀβολοὶ ὡμολογήθησαν ib.29; οὐ π. μικρὸν ἐποίησαν they made no little difference, Isoc.4.59.b in phrases like π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, τοσοῦτον was sts. understood of the interval from danger, etc., and παρά came to mean 'by so much short of' (τὸ π. μικρὸν ὥσπερ οὐδὲν ἀπέχειν δοκεῖ Arist.Ph. 197a29
), within such and such a distance of, so near to, τὴν Ἠϊόνα π. νύκτα ἐγένετο (sc. αὐτῷ) λαβεῖν he was within one night of taking E., Th.4.106; π. μικρὸν ἦλθον ἀποθανεῖν I came within a little of.., Isoc. 19.22, cf. Plb.1.43.7, Plu. Caes. 39; παρ' ἐλάχιστον ἦλθε.. ἀφελέσθαι was within an ace of taking away, Th.8.76; παρ' οὐδὲν μὲν ἦλθον ἀποκτεῖναι (were within a mere nothing, within an ace of killing him),ἐξεκήρυξαν δ' ἐκ πόλεως Aeschin. 3.258
, cf. Plu.Pyrrh. 14, Alex.62; π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε διαφυγεῖν so near he came to escaping, Luc.Cat.4; ;παρ' οὐδὲν ἐλθόντες τοῦ ἀποβαλεῖν Plb.1.45.14
, cf. 2.55.4, D.S.17.42: hence without ἐγένετο or ἐλθεῖν, π. μίαν μονάδα (less) by one, i.e. less one, Nicom.Ar.1.8; τεσσαράκοντα π. μίαν, = 39, 2 Ep.Cor.11.24; παρ' ἕνα τοσοῦτοι the same number less one, Plu. Publ.9; σύ μοι παρ' ἕνα ἥκεις ἄγων you have brought me one too few, Luc.Cat.4;δύναται π. δύο συλλαβὰς εἶναι τὸ καταληκτόν Heph.4.2
; τὰ ὁλοκόττινα ηὑρέθησαν π. ἑπτὰ κεράτια seven carats short, PMasp.70.2 (vi A. D.); πάντες παρ' ἕνα, πάντες παρ' ὀλίγους, all save one (a few), Plu.Cat.Mi.20, Ant.5;ἔτη δύο π. ἡμέρας δύο IG5(1).801
([place name] Laconia); of one Μάρκος, θηρίον εἶ π. γράμμα you are a bear ([etym.] ἄρκος) all but a letter, AP11.231 (Ammian.); ὡς π. τι καὶ τὰς ὄψεις ἀφανίσαι so that he all but (lit. less something) lost his sight, Vett.Val.228.6; π. τι βυθίζεσθαι v.l. in Ev.Luc.5.7; τὸ π. τοῦτο the figure less that, i.e. the remainder or difference, PTeb.99.10 (ii B. C.), cf. POxy.264.4 (i A. D.), PAmh.2.148.5 (v A. D.); hence of any difference whether of excess or defect, οὐδὲν π. τοῦτο ποιούμενοι τοὺς.. Λευκανούς τε καὶ τοὺς.. Σαυνίτας making no difference between.., Str.6.1.3, cf. 14.5.11, Plu.2.24c.6 hence of the margin by which anything increases or decreases, and so of the cause according to which anything comes into existence or varies,τὸ εὖ π. μικρὸν διὰ πολλῶν ἀριθμῶν γίνεται Polyclit.2
(cf. μικρός III. 5 c); διαφέρει π. τὰς τῶν παθημάτων ἐναντιώσεις according to.., Arist.HA 486b5;μεταπίπτει π. τὰ κλίματα Gem. 5.29
, cf. 11.5, al.; π. τὰ πράγματα cj. in Apollod.Car.11.7 more generally of the margin by which an event occurs, i.e. of the necessary and sufficient cause or motive (τὸ μὴ π. τοῦτο γίνεσθαι τότε λέγομεν, ὅταν ἀναιρεθέντος τούτου μηδὲν ἧττον περαίνηται ὁ συλλογισμός Arist.APr. 65b6
, cf. 48a24, al.), κεινὰν π. δίαιταν just for the sake of unsatisfying food, Pi.O.2.65; ἕκαστος οὐ π. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀμέλειαν οἴεται βλάψειν each thinks that his own negligence will not suffice to cause injury, Th.1.141, cf. Isoc.3.48; π. τὴν αὑτοῦ ἁμαρτίαν all through his own fault, Antipho 3.4.5, cf. Isoc.6.52, D.4.11, 18.232; πολλὰ.. ἐστιν αἴτια τούτων, καὶ οὐ παρ' ἓν οὐδὲ δύ' εἰς τοῦτο τὰ πράγματ' ἀφῖκται not from one or two causes only, Id.9.2; οὐ π. τοῦτο οὐκ ἔστι it does not follow that it is not.., 1 Ep.Cor.12.15; π. τὸ τὴν ἀρίθμησιν ποιήσασθαι ἐξ ἑτοίμου τοὺς ἐργώνας οὐκ ὀλίγα χρήματα περιεποίησε τῇ πόλει by the simple fact of prompt payment, IPE12.32B35 (Olbia, iii B. C.); , cf. Plb.3.103.2, 18.28.6, al.; οὐδεὶς παρ' ἑαυτόν ἐστι βασιλεύς thanks to himself alone, Aristeas 224;παρ' αὑτὸν ἀτυχεῖ Arr.Epict.3.24.2
, cf. Phld.Rh.2.16 S.;παρ' ἡμᾶς ἡ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀπόστασις Hierocl. in CA25p.477M.
; εἶναι π. τοῦτο σωτηρίαν τε πόλει καὶ τοὐναντίον, i.e. on this depends.., Pl.Lg. 715d, cf. X.Eq.Mag.1.5, D.C.Fr.36.5;π. μίαν ἡμέραν καὶ ἓν πρᾶγμα καὶ ἀπόλλυται προκοπὴ καὶ σῴζεται Epict.Ench.51.2
; π. τὸ Ἕλληνά με εἶναι just because I am a Greek, UPZ7.13 (ii B. C.);π. τὸ ἀγαπᾶν αὐτὸν αὐτήν LXX Ge.29.20
, cf. Ex.14.11; later more loosely, because of.., Phld.Rh.1.158 S., Gem.6.24, etc.; οὐδὲν π. σὲ γέγονε it is no fault of yours, PRyl.243.6 (ii A. D.), cf. POxy.1420.7 (ii A. D.).8 of a limit of possibility,εἴπερ ἐνεδέχετο π. τοὺς παρόντας καιρούς D.18.239
; πεῖσαι τό γε παρ' αὑτόν to persuade (the judges) so far as in you lies, Arr.Epict.2.2.20; οἴμωζε παρ' ἐμέ as far as I am concerned, for all I care, Ar.Av. 846.D POSITION: παρά may follow its Subst. in all three cases, but then becomes by anastrophe πάρα: when the ult. is elided, the practice varies,τῇσι παρ' Il.18.400
; but Ἡφαίστοιο πάρ' ib. 191.F πάρα (with anastrophe) stands for πάρεστι and πάρεισι, Il.1.174, Hes.Op. 454, A.Pers. 167, Hdt.1.42, al., S.El. 285, Ar.Ach. 862, etc.G IN COMPOS.,I alongside of, beside, of rest, παράκειμαι, παράλληλοι, παρέζομαι, πάρειμι (εἰμί), παρίστημι; of motion, παραπλέω, πάρειμι ([etym.] εἶμι).II to the side of, to, παραδίδωμι, παρέχω.IV metaph.,2 of comparison, as in παραβάλλω, παρατίθημι.3 of alteration or change, as in παραλλάσσω, παραπείθω, παραπλάσσω, παρατεκταίνω, παραυδάω, παράφημι.4 of a side-issue, παραπόλλυμι. (Cogn. with Goth. faúr 'along', Lat. por-.) -
5 εἰμί
εἰμί (A sum), [dialect] Aeol. [full] ἔμμι Sapph.2.15, Theoc.20.32; Cret. [full] ἠμί GDI 4959a; [ per.] 2sg. εἶ, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion.εἰς Od.17.388
, al., [dialect] Aeol. ἔσσι, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Dor.ἐσσί Il.1.176
, Pi.O.6.90, Sophr.134; ; [ per.] 3sg. ἐστί, [dialect] Dor.ἐντί IG12(1).677
([place name] Rhodes), Theoc.1.17, etc.; [ per.] 3 dualἐστόν Th.3.112
; [ per.] 1pl. ἐσμέν, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. εἰμέν (also in Pi.P.3.60), , [dialect] Dor.εἰμές Theoc.15.73
, but ; [ per.] 3pl. εἰσί ([etym.] - ίν), [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. ἔασι ([etym.] - ιν) Il.7.73, Xenoph.8.1, Antim.29, Herod.4.84, [dialect] Dor.ἐντί Pi.N.1.24
, Theoc.11.45, IG9(1).32.22 ([place name] Phocis), etc.: imper. ἴσθι (ἔσθι Hecat.361
J.), [dialect] Ep. and Lyr. also in [voice] Med. formἔσσο Od.3.200
, Sapph.1.28, Maced.Pae.31, late Proseἔσο Plu.2.241d
, M.Ant.3.5, Hld.5.12, Porph.Marc.34; [ per.] 3sg. ἔστω (, and late Inscrr., CIG2664, al.; but in Pl.R. 361c leg. ἴτω), [dialect] Dor. εἴτω, ἤτω, Heraclid. ap. Eust.1411.21, Elean ; [ per.] 3pl. ἔστωσαν, butἔστων Hom.
, Pl.R. 502a, , and early [dialect] Att. Inscrr., IG12.22, etc. ( ἔστωσαν first in ii B. C., ib.22.1328), [dialect] Dor. ἐόντων ib.1126: subj. ὦ, ᾖς, ᾖ, [dialect] Ep.ἔω Od.9.18
; [ per.] 3sg.ἔῃ Il.12.300
,al. (alsoἔῃσι 2.366
, al., ᾖσι ([etym.] ν) 19.202, Hes.Op. 294), also [dialect] Boeot.ἔνθω IG7.3172.165
,μετείω Il.23.47
and perh.εἴῃ 9.245
, etc.; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3pl. ([place name] Crete), ([place name] Hierapytna), [dialect] Boeot.ἴωνθι IG7.3171.46
(iii B. C.): opt. εἴην, -ης (εἴησθα Thgn.715
), -η, also ἔοις, ἔοι, Il.9.284, 142, al., cf. Hdt.7.6; [ per.] 3pl.εἴοισαν Ἀρχ. Ἐφ. 1911.133
([place name] Gonni); [ per.] 3 dual , Sph. 243e; [ per.] 1pl. (lyr.), Pl.; [ per.] 2pl.εἶτε Od. 21.195
; [ per.] 3pl.εἶεν Il.2.372
, etc.,εἴησαν Hdt.1.2
, etc.; Elean ἔα, = εἴη, SIG9 (vi B. C.), and σύν-εαν, = συνεῖεν, GDI 1149 (vi B. C.): inf. εἶναι, Arc. (Tegea, iv B. C.); [dialect] Ep. ἔμμεναι (also [dialect] Aeol.ἔμμεν' Sapph.34
), ἔμμεν (also Pi.P.6.42, S.Ant. 623 (lyr.)), ἔμεναι, ἔμεν, also ([place name] Dodona); [dialect] Dor. εἶμεν Foed. ap. Th.5.77,79, IG7.1.7 ([place name] Megara),ἦμεν Test.Epict.5.16
, Tab.Heracl.1.75, Cret. ἦμεν orἤμην Leg.Gort.1.15
, al., GDI4998i 2, al., Megar. ,εἴμειν IG12(1).155.100
([place name] Rhodes), 14.952 ([place name] Agrigentum); εἶν ib. 12(9).211.10 ([place name] Eretria), SIG135.4 ([place name] Olynthus), etc.: part. ὤν, [dialect] Ep. ἐών, ἐοῦσα, ἐόν, Cypr.ἰών Inscr.Cypr.135.23
H.; [dialect] Boeot. fem.ἰῶσα IG 7.3172.116
(Orchom.), [dialect] Aeol. and [dialect] Dor. fem.ἔσσα Sapph.75.4
, IG4.952.2 (Epid.), Theoc.28.16,ἐοῖσα Pi.P.4.265
,ἔασσα Lyr.Alex.Adesp. 9
, Diotog. ap. Stob.4.7.62,εὖσα Erinn.5.5
(also [dialect] Ion., Herod.5.16,εὔντων 2.85
),ἐᾶσα Ti.Locr.96d
, IG5(1).1470.8 ([place name] Messene),ἴαττα Leg.Gort.8.47
; acc. sg.εὖντα Theoc.2.3
; nom. sg. εἴς in Heraclid. ap. Eust.1756.13, pl.ἔντες Tab.Heracl.1.117
; dat. pl. ἔντασσι ib.104; gen. pl.παρ-έντων Alcm. 64
: [tense] impf.ἦν Il.2.77
, etc., [dialect] Ep. ἔον (also [dialect] Aeol., Alc.127, Sapph.Oxy. 1787 Fr.3 ii 21), in [dialect] Att. ἦ (dub. in [dialect] Aeol., Alc. Supp.14.9), Ar.Pl.77, Pl.Phd. 61b, etc., but usu. altered to ἦν in codd. (and ἦν is required by metre in E. Ion 280), [var] contr. from [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. ἦα (Il.5.808, al., IG12(8).449.2 ([place name] Thasos), whence Hom.and later [dialect] Ion.ἔᾱ Il.4.321
, al.,ἔας Hdt.1.187
,ἔατε Id.4.119
); [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. ἦεν, always with ν in Hom.; ἔην as [ per.] 1sg., only Il.11.762 (s. v.l., al. ἔον), freq. as [ per.] 3sg. (generally before a consonant, so that ἔεν is possible), sts. also ἤην; [ per.] 2sg. ἦσθα, later ἦς (wh. is v.l. in Pi.I.1.26), sts. in LXX (Jd. 11.35, Ru.3.2,al.), cf. Pl.Ax. 365e, Erinn.4.4, Ev.Matt.25.21, al., , [dialect] Ep. ἔησθα; [ per.] 3sg. ἦν, [dialect] Ep. ἔην, ἤην, ἦεν (v. supr.), [dialect] Dor. and [dialect] Aeol.ἦς Alc.Supp.30.1
, Epich.102, Sophr.59, Theoc.2.90, SIG241.145 (Delph.); [ per.] 3 dualἤστην Il.5.10
, E.Hipp. 387, Ar.Eq. 982, Pl.Euthd. 272a, al.; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 1pl.ἦμες Plu.Lyc.21
; [ per.] 2pl. , , Ec. 1086; [ per.] 3pl. ἦσαν, [dialect] Ion. and Poet. ἔσαν (in Hes.Th. 321, 825, ἦν is not pl. for ἦσαν, but is rather a peculiarity of syntax, v. infr. v, but is [ per.] 3pl. in Epich.46, al., SIG560.15 (Epidamnus, iii B. C.)); [dialect] Aeol. ; later (iii B. C.), SIG527.46 (Crete, iii B. C.), IGRom.4.1740 ([place name] Cyme), always in LXX as Ba.1.19, cf. Ev.Matt.23.30, Plu.2.174a, etc., and sts. in codd. of earlier writers, Lys.7.34, Trag.Adesp. 124 (cited from E. Hel. 931 by Choerob. and from Id.Tr. 474 by Aps.), X.Cyr.6.1.9, Hyp.Ath.26, [ per.] 2sg.ἦσο Epigr.Gr.379
([place name] Aezani), [ per.] 3sg.ἦστο Supp.Epigr. 1.455.7
([place name] Phrygia), [ per.] 1pl.ἤμεθα PPetr.2p.11
(iii B. C.), LXX Ba.1.19, 1 Ki.25.16, Ep.Eph.2.3; subj. (ii B. C.), ἦται GDI 1696, ἦνται prob. in IG5(1).1390.83 ([place name] Andania); [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. also ἔσκον, used by A.Pers. 656 (lyr.): [tense] fut. ἔσομαι, ἔσται, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Aeol. also ἔσσομαι, ἔσεται, ἔσσεται; [dialect] Aeol. [ per.] 2sg. ἔσσῃ prob. in Alc.67,87; [dialect] Dor. 2 and [ per.] 3sg. ἐσσῇ, ἐσσεῖται, Il.2.393, 13.317, Theoc.10.5, [ per.] 3pl. ἐσσοῦνται Foed. ap. Th.5.77 codd. (butἔσσονται Tab.Heracl.1.113
), inf.ἐσσεῖσθαι Sophr.57
.—All forms of the [tense] pres.ind. are enclitic (exc. [ per.] 2sg. εἶ and [ per.] 3pl. ἔασι); but [ per.] 3sg. is written ἔστι when it begins a sentence or verse, or when it immediately follows οὐκ, καί, εἰ, ὡς, ἀλλά, or τοῦτ', Hdn.Gr.1.553 (also μή acc. to EM301.3); later Gramm. wrote ἔστι as Subst. Verb, Phot., Eust.880.22.A as the Subst. Verb,I of persons, exist,οὐκ ἔσθ' οὗτος ἀνήρ, οὐδ' ἔσσεται Od.16.437
; ἔτ' εἰσί they are still in being, 15.433, cf. S.Ph. 445, etc.;τεθνηῶτος.. μηδ' ἔτ' ἐόντος Od.1.289
; οὐκέτ' ἐστί he is no more, E.Hipp. 1162; οὐδὲ δὴν ἦν he was not long- lived, Il.6.131; ὁ οὐκ ὤν, οἱ οὐκ ὄντες, of those who are no more, Th.2.45,44; οἱ ὄντες the living, Plb.9.29.2; ὁ ὤν the Eternal, LXX Ex.3.14, al., Ph.1.289;θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες Il.1.290
; ἐσσόμενοι posterity, 2.119;κἀγὼ γὰρ ἦ ποτ', ἀλλὰ νῦν οὐκ εἴμ' ἔτι E.Hec. 284
; ὡς ἂν εἶεν ἅνθρωποι might continue in being, Pl.Smp. 190c;ζώντων καὶ ὄντων Ἀθηναίων D.18.72
, cf. Arist.GC 318b25; of things, εἰ ἔστι ἀληθέως [ἡ τράπεζα] Hdt.3.17, etc.; of cities,ὄλωλεν, οὐδ' ἔτ' ἐστὶ Τροία E.Tr. 1292
, cf. Heracl. 491; δοκεῖ μοι Καρχηδόνα μὴ εἶναι censeo Carthaginem esse delendam, Plu.Cat.Ma.27; ἂν ᾖ τὸ στράτευμα be in existence, D.8.17; of money, to be in hand,τῶν ὄντων χρημάτων καὶ τῶν προσιόντων IG12.91.25
; τὰ ὄντα property, Pl.Grg. 511a, Plu.Ant.24, etc.; τὸ ἐσόμενον ἐκ .. future revenue from.., BCH46.420 (Olymos, i B. C.); of place, τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν the local church, Act.Ap.13.1; of time, τοῦ ὄντος μηνός in the current month, BGU146.4, etc.; in office,ἱερέων τῶν ὄντων PPar.5.4
(ii B. C.); αἱ οὖσαι [ἐξουσίαι] the powers that be, Ep. Rom.13.1.II of the real world, be, opp. become,γίγνεται πάντα ἃ δή φαμεν εἶναι Pl.Tht. 152d
, etc.; τὸ ὄν Being, Parm.8.35, Protag.2, Pl.Ti. 27d, etc.; opp. τὸ μὴ ὄν, Gorg.Fr.3 D., etc.;οὐδὲν γίνεται ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος Epicur.Ep. 1p.5U.
;ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων ἐποίησεν αὐτὰ ὁ θεός LXX 2 Ma.7.28
; τὰ ὄντα the world of things, Heraclit.7, Emp.129.5, etc.; ὄνindecl., τῶν ὂν εἰδῶν species of Being, Plot.6.2.10.2 of circumstances, events, etc., to happen,τά τ' ἐόντα, τά τ' ἐσσόμενα, πρό τ' ἐόντα Il.1.70
;ἡ ἐσβολὴ ἔμελλεν ἔσεσθαι Th.2.13
, etc.; τῆς προδοσίας οὔσης since treachery was there, Id.4.103; ἕως ἂν ὁ πόλεμος ᾖ so long as it last, Id.1.58;αἱ σπονδαὶ ἐνιαυτὸν ἔσονται Id.4.118
; τί ἐστιν; what is it? what's the matter? Ar.Th. 193; τί οὖν ἦν τοῦτο; how came it to pass? Pl.Phd. 58a: repeated with a relat. to avoid a positive assertion, ἔστι δ' ὅπῃ νῦν ἔ. things are as they are, i.e. are ill, A.Ag.67.III be the fact or the case, διπλασίαν ἂν τὴν δύναμιν εἰκάζεσθαι ἤ ἐστιν twice as large as it really is, Th.1.10; αὐτὸ ὅ ἐστι καλόν beauty in its essence, Pl.Smp. 211c, cf. Phd. 74b; freq. in part., τὸν ἐόντα λόγον λέγειν or φαίνειν the true story, Hdt.1.95, 116; τῷ ἐόντι χρήσασθαι tell the truth, ib. 30;τὰ ὄντα ἀπαγγέλλειν Th.7.8
; σκῆψιν οὐκ οὖσαν, λόγον οὐκ ὄντα, S.El. 584, Ar.Ra. 1052; τῷ ὄντι in reality, in fact, Pl.Prt. 328d, etc.; to apply a quotation to a case in point, τῷ ὄντι κλαυσίγελως real 'smiles through tears' (with allusion to Il.6.484), X.HG7.2.9, cf. Pl. La. 196d; κατὰ τὸ ἐόν according to the fact, rightly, Hdt.1.97; πᾶν τὸ ἐόν the whole truth, Id.9.11;τοῦ ἐόντος ἀποτεύξεται Hp.VM 2
.IV folld. by the relat., οὐκ ἔστιν ὅς or ὅστις no one,οὐκ ἔσθ' ὃς.. ἀπαλάλκοι Il.22.348
;οὐκ ἔ. οὐδεὶς ὅς E.El. 903
; οὐκ ἔ. ὅτῳ, = οὐδενί, A.Pr. 293 (anap.), cf. 989: freq. in pl., εἰσὶν οἵ, = Lat. sunt qui, used exactly like ἔνιοι, Th.6.88, 7.44, Pl.Men. 77d, Grg. 503a, etc. ( εἰσί τινες οἵ .. Th.3.24); ἐστὶν ἃ χωρία, πολίσματα, Id.1.12,65;ἐστὶν ἃ εἰπεῖν Id.2.67
;ἦσαν οἵ X.An.5.2.14
; the sg. Verb is used even with masc. and fem. pl., ἐστὶν οἵ, αἵ, Hp.Fract.1, VC4, X.Cyr.2.3.16; more freq. in oblique cases,ποταμῶν ἐστὶ ὧν Hdt.7.187
;ἐστὶν ἀφ' ὧν Th.8.65
; ἐστὶ παρ' οἷς, ἐστὶν ἐν οἷς, Id.1.23, 5.25: in questions ὅστις is used, ἔστιν ἥντινα δόξαν.. ἀπεκρίνατο; Pl.Men. 85b: with relat. Particles, ἐστὶν ἔνθα, = Lat. est ubi, X.Cyr.7.4.15, etc.; ἐ. ὅπῃ, ἔσθ' ὅπου, somehow, somewhere, Pl.Prt. 331d, A.Eu. 517, S.OT 448, etc.; in questions expecting a neg. answer, ἐ. ὁπόθεν, ὅπως; Pl.Phlb. 35a, R. 493e, etc.;οὐ γάρ ἐσθ' ὅπως Pi.Fr.61
, cf. Hdt.7.102, A.Ag. 620; οὐκ ἔ. ὅπως οὐ in any case, necessarily, Ar. Pax 188;οὐκ ἔ. ὡς Pl. Men. 76e
, etc.; ἐ. ὅτε, ἔσθ' ὅτε, sometimes, Pi.Fr.180.2, S.Aj.56, Th. 7.21, etc.V ἦν is sts. used with pl. masc. and fem., usu. at the beginning of a sentence, there was,τῆς δ' ἦν τρεῖς κεφαλαί Hes.Th. 321
; (but inἦν δ' ἐρῳδιοί τε πολλοί Epich.46
, cf. 59, al., it may be taken as [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3pl.); (lyr.); ἦν ἄρα κἀκεῖνοι ταλακάρδιοι Epigr. ap. Aeschin.3.184; less freq.ἔστι, ἔστι δὲ μεταξὺ.. ἑπτὰ στάδιοι Hdt.1.26
, cf. 7.34;ἔστι.. ἄρχοντές τε καὶ δῆμος Pl.R. 463a
; before dual Nouns, Ar.V.58, Pl.Grg. 500d.VI ἔστι impers., c. inf., it is possible,ἔστι γὰρ ἀμφοτέροισιν ὀνείδεα μυθήσασθαι Il.20.246
;ἔστι μὲν εὕδειν, ἔστι δὲ τερπομένοισιν ἀκούειν Od. 15.392
; εἴ τί πού ἐστι (sc. πιθέσθαι) 4.193;τοιάδε.. ἐστὶν ἀκοῦσαι A. Pr. 1055
(anap.);ἔστι τεκμήρια ὁρᾶν X.An.3.2.13
, cf. Ar.Ra. 1163, Aeschin.3.105, D.18.272, Arist.Ath.53.6, etc.; so in imper., opt., and subj.,ἔστω ἀποφέρεσθαι τῷ βουλομένῳ IG12.10.7
;μυρία ἂν εἴη λέγειν Pl.Plt. 271e
;ὅπως ἂν ᾖ δρᾶν IG2.1054.91
: more freq. in neg. clauses, Il.6.267, etc.; folld. by ὥστε c. inf., S.Ph. 656: c. acc. et inf.,ἁδόντα δ' εἴη με τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ὁμιλεῖν Pi.P.2.96
;ἔστιν ἐκπεσεῖν ἀρχῆς Δία A.Pr. 757
: sts. not impers. in this sense,θάλασσα δ' οὐκέτ' ἦν ἰδεῖν Id.Pers. 419
.b ἔστω in argument, let it be granted,ἔστω τοῦτο ἀληθὲς εἶναι D.H.Comp.25
;ἔστω σοι τοῦθ' οὕτως Plu.2.987b
; Chr.74.24.B most freq., to be, the Copula connecting the predicate with the Subject, both being in the same case: hence, signify, import,τὸ γὰρ εἴρειν λέγειν ἐστίν Pl.Cra. 398d
; esp. in the phrase τοῦτ' ἔστι, hoc est;Σκαιόλαν, ὅπερ ἐστὶ Λαϊόν Plu.Publ.17
: with numerals, τὰ δὶς πέντε δέκα ἐστίν twice five are ten, X.Mem.4.4.7; εἶναί τις or τι, to be somebody, something, be of some consequence, v. τις; οὐδὲν εἶναι Pl.R. 562d, etc.2 periphr. with the Participle to represent the finite Verb: with [tense] pf. part. once in Hom., τετληότες εἰμέν, for τετλήκαμεν, Il.5.873; so in Trag. and [dialect] Att., ἦν τεθνηκώς, for ἐτεθνήκει, A. Ag. 869; ἔσται δεδορκώς ib. 1179;εἰμὶ γεγώς S.Aj. 1299
;πεφυκός ἐστι Ar.Av. 1473
;δεδρακότες εἰσίν Th.3.68
;κατακεκονότες ἔσεσθε X.An.7.6.36
: with [tense] aor. part., once in Hom.,βλήμενος ἦν Il.4.211
; so προδείσας εἰμί, οὐ σιωπήσας ἔσει; S.OT90, 1146, cf. A.Supp. 460: with [tense] pres. part.,ἦν προκείμενον Id.Pers. 371
;φεύγων Ὀρέστης ἐστίν Id.Ch. 136
;εἴην οὐκ ἂν εὖ φρονῶν S.Aj. 1330
; τί δ' ἐστί.. φέρον; Id.OT 991, cf. 274, 708;λέγων ἐστίν τις E.Hec. 1179
;ἦν τίς σ' ὑβρίζων Id.HF 313
;πόρρω ἤδη εἶ πορευόμενος Pl.Ly. 204b
;βαδίζων εἰμί Ar.Ra. 36
; freq. in Hdt.,ἦσαν ἱέντες 1.57
, al.; evenεἰσὶ διάφοροι ἐόντες 3.49
(s.v.l.):— if the Art. is joined with the Part., the noun is made emphatic, Κᾶρές εἰσι οἱ καταδέξαντες the persons who showed her were Carians, Id.1.171;αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ μαρτυρῶν A.Eu. 798
;δόλος ἦν ὁ φράσας S.El. 197
(anap.).C εἶναι is freq. modified in sense by the addition of Advbs., or the cases of Nouns without or with Preps.:I εἶναι with Advbs., where the Adv. often merely represents a Noun and stands as the predicate,ἅλις δέ οἱ ἦσαν ἄρουραι Il.14.122
, etc.; ἀκέων, ἀκήν εἶναι, to be silent, 4.22, Od.2.82;σῖγα πᾶς ἔστω λεώς E.Hec. 532
;διαγνῶναι χαλεπῶς ἦν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον Il.7.424
; ἀσφαλέως ἡ κομιδὴ ἔσται will go on safely, Hdt.4.134; ἐγγύς, πόρρω εἶναι, Th.6.88, Pl.Prt. 356e: freq. impers. with words implying good or ill fortune, Κουρήτεσσι κακῶς ἦν it fared ill with them, Il.9.551;εὖ γὰρ ἔσται E.Med.89
, cf. Ar.Pl. 1188, etc.;ἡδέως ἂν αὐτοῖς εἴη D.59.30
.II c. gen., to express descent or extraction,πατρὸς δ' εἴμ' ἀγαθοῖο Il.21.109
;αἵματός εἰς ἀγαθοῖο Od. 4.611
, cf. Hdt.3.71, Th.2.71, etc.;πόλεως μεγίστης εἶ X.An.7.3.19
.b to express the material of which a thing is made, ἡ κρηπίς ἐστι λίθων μεγάλων consists of.., Hdt.1.93; τῆς πόλιος ἐούσης δύο φαρσέων ib. 186; τοιούτων ἔργων ἐστὶ ἡ τυραννίς is made up of.., Id.5.92.ή, etc.c to express the class to which a person or thing belongs, εἶ γὰρ τῶν φίλων you are one of them, Ar.Pl. 345;ἐτύγχανε βουλῆς ὤν Th.3.70
; ;Κριτίας τῶν τριάκοντα ὤν X.Mem.1.2.31
; ἔστι τῶν αἰσχρῶν it is in the class of disgraceful things, i. e. it is disgraceful, D.2.2.d to express that a thing belongs to another,Τροίαν Ἀχαιῶν οὖσαν A.Ag. 269
;τὸ πεδίον ἦν μέν κοτε Χορασμίων Hdt.3.117
, etc.: hence, to be of the party of,ἦσαν.. τινὲς μὲν φιλίππου, τινὲς δὲ τοῦ βελτίστου D.9.56
, cf. 37.53; to be de pendent upon, S.Ant. 737, etc.; to be at the mercy of,ἔστι τοῦ λέγοντος, ἢν φόβους λέγῃ Id.OT 917
.e to express one's duty, business, custom, nature, and the like , οὔτοι γυναικός ἐστι 'tis not a woman's part, A.Ag. 940;τὸ ἐπιτιμᾶν παντὸς εἶναι D.1.16
; τὸ δὲ ναυτικὸν τέχνης ἐστίν is matter of art, requires art, Th.1.142, cf.83.f in LXX, to be occupied about,ἦσαν τοῦ θύειν 2 Ch.30.17
; ἔσεσθαι, c. gen., to be about to,ἐσόμεθα τοῦ σῶσαί σε 2 Ki.10.11
.2 with two dats., σφίσι τε καὶ Ἀθηναίοισι εἶναι οὐδὲν πρῆγμα that they and the Athenians have nothing to do one with another, Hdt.5.84;μηδὲν εἶναι σοὶ καὶ φιλίππῳ πρᾶγμα D.18.283
; more shortly, σοί τε καὶ τούτοισι πρήγμασι τί ἐστι; Hdt.5.33; τί τῷ νόμῳ καὶ τῇ βασάνῳ; D.29.36; τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί; Lat. quid tecum est mihi? Ev.Marc.5.7, etc.; also ἐμοὶ οὐδὲν πρὸς τοὺς τοιούτους (sc. ἐστίν) Isoc.4.12; ; ἔσται αὐτῳ πρὸς τὸν θεόν, in tomb inscriptions, JHS18.113, etc.3 with ἄσμενος, βουλόμενος, etc., added, ἐμοὶ δέ κεν ἀσμένῳ εἴη 'twould be to my delight, Il.14.108;οὐκ ἂν σφίσι βουλομένοις εἶναι Th.7.35
;προσδεχομένῳ Id.6.46
; (lyr.); .IV with Preps., εἶναι ἀπό τινος, = εἶναί τινος (supr. 11.a), X.Mem.1.6.9;εἰσὶν ἀπ' ἐναντίων αὗται πραγμάτων Pl.Phlb. 12d
; but εἶναι ἀπ' οἴκου to be away from.., Th.1.99.2 εἶναι ἔκ τινος to be sprung from, εἴμ' ἐκ Παιονίης, Μυρμιδόνων ἔξ εἰμι, Il.21.154, 24.397, etc.; ἔστιν ἐξ ἀνάγκης it is of necessity, i. e. necessary, Pl.Sph. 256d.3 εἶναι ἐν .. to be in a certain state,ἐν εὐπαθείῃσι Hdt.1.22
; ἐν ἀθυμία, etc., Th.6.46, etc.;ἐν ταραχαῖς D.18.218
; εἶναι ἐν ἀξιώματι to be in esteem, Th.1.130; οἱ ἐν τέλεϊ ἐόντες those in office, Hdt.3.18, etc.; but εἶναι ἐν τέχνῃ, ἐν φιλοσοφία to be engaged in.., S.OT 562, Pl.Phd. 59a.b ἐν σοί ἐστι it depends on thee, Hdt.6.109, S.Ph. 963;ἐν σοὶ γάρ ἐσμεν Id.OT 314
; so also , X.Cyr.1.6.2, etc.4 εἶναι διά .., much like εἶναι ἐν .., εἶναι διὰ φόβου, = φοβεῖσθαι, Th.6.34; εἶναι δι' ὄχλου, = ὀχληρὸν εἶναι, Id.1.73;εἶναι διὰ μόχθων X.Cyr.1.6.25
; εἶναι δι' αἰτίας, = αἰτιᾶσθαι, D.H.1.70; Geom., pass through,διὰ τᾶς ἑτέρας διαμέτρου ἐόντος τοῦ ἐπιπέδου Archim.Con.Sph.20
.5 εἶναι ἐφ' ἑαυτῆς to be by oneself, D.25.23; εἶναι ἐπὶ ὀνόματος to bear a name, Id.39.21; εἶναι ἐπὶ τοῖς πράγμασιν to be engaged in.., Id.2.12; εἶναι ἐπί τινα to be against him, Id.6.33; εἶναι ἐφ' ἑξήκοντα στάδια to reach sixty stadia, X.An.4.6.11; εἶναι ἐπὶ τὰς ἁφάς pass through the points of contact, Apollon. Perg.Con.4.1; εἶναι ἐπί τινι, v. supr. 3 b.6 εἶναι πρός τινος to be in one's favour, Th.4.10,29, etc.; to suit, X.An. 1.2.11, etc.; εἶναι πρός τινι engaged in, Pl.Phd. 84c, Philostr.VA5.31; πρὸς τοῖς ἰδίοις mind one's own affairs, Arist.Pol. 1309a6, Ath.16.3;εἶναι πρὸς τὸ κωλύειν Plb.1.26.3
; πρὸς τὸ πονεῖν Telesp.46 H.;εἶναι περί τι X.An.3.5.7
, etc.7 εἶναι παρά τινι or τινα, = παρειναι, Id.Cyr.6.2.15, Hdt.8.140.ά (s.v.l.).8 εἶναι ὑπό τινα or τινι to be subject to.., X.HG5.2.17 (s.v.l.), 6.2.4.9 περὶ τούτων ἐστίν that is the question, Men.Epit.30.10 εἶναι ἀπό .., in Geom., to be constructed upon, Archim.Sph.Cyl.2.9, Con.Sph.7.D ἐστί is very freq. omitted, mostly in the [tense] pres. ind. before certain predicates, as ἀνάγκη, ἄξιον, δυνατόν, εἰκός, ἕτοιμον, οἷόν τε, ῥᾴδιον, χρεών, etc., and after the neut. of Verbals in - τέος, and such forms as θαυμαστὸν ὅσον: less freq. with other persons and moods, εἰμί omitted, S.OT92, Aj. 813; εἶ, Od.4.206; ἐσμέν, S.Ant. 634; ἐστέ, Od.10.463; εἰσί, S.OT 499 (lyr.), IG2.778 B; subj. ᾖ, Il.14.376, E.Hipp. 659, Antipho 5.32; opt. εἴη, IG22.1183.12; [tense] impf. ἦν, ib.2.778 B; [tense] fut. ἔσονται, Od.14.394.E the Inf. freq. seems redundant,1 in phrases implying power or will to do a thing, ἑκὼν εἶναι (v. ἑκών)κατὰ δύναμιν εἶναι Is.2.32
;εἰς δύναμιν εἶναι Pl.Plt. 300c
; τὸ ἐπ' ἐκείνοις εἶναι, quantum in illis esset, Th.8.48, X.HG3.5.9, cf. Lys.13.58;τὸ ἐπὶ σφᾶς εἶναι Th.4.28
;τὸ κατὰ τοῦτον εἶναι X.An.1.6.9
;κατὰ τοῦτο εἶναι Pl.Prt. 317a
; τὸ τήμερον, τὸ νῦν εἶναι, Id.Cra. 396e, La. 201c, Theopomp. Com.98, Decr. ap. Arist.Ath.31.2, etc.2 after Verbs of naming or choosing, ;σύμμαχόν μιν εἵλοντο εἶναι Hdt.8.134
; of giving,δῶκε ξεινήϊον εἶναι Il. 11.20
.F [tense] impf. ἦνissts. used where other languages take the [tense] pres.,1 after ἄρα, to express a fact which is and has always been the same, δέρμα δὲ ἀνθρώπου.. ἦν ἄρα σχεδὸν δερμάτων πάντων λαμπρότατον human skin then it appears is.., Hdt.4.64;Κύπρις οὐκ ἄρ' ἦν θεός E. Hipp. 359
; ὡς ἄρ' ἦσθ' ἐμὸς πατὴρ ὀρθῶς ib. 1169;ἦ πολύμοχθον ἄρ' ἦν γένος.. ἁμερίων Id.IA 1330
;ἦ στωμύλος ἦσθα Theoc.5.79
; so also when there is reference to a past thought, τουτὶ τί ἦν; what is this? Ar.Ach. 157, cf. Pl.Cra. 387c: so in the Aristotelian formula τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι (APo.82b38, al.), used to express the essential nature of a thing, where τί ἦν (for ἐστί) takes the place of the dat. in such phrases as τὸ ἀγαθῷ εἶναι, τὸ μεγέθει εἶναι, APr.67b12, de An.429b10.G ἐγώ εἰμι, in LXX, pleonastic forἐγώ, ἐγώ εἰμι οὐχ ἥμαρτον Jd. 11.27
, cf. 6.18; alsoἔσται πᾶς ἀποκτενεῖ με Ge.4.14
. -
6 εἰ
εἰ, [dialect] Att.-[dialect] Ion. and Arc. (for εἰκ, v. infr. 11 ad init.), = [dialect] Dor. and [dialect] Aeol. αἰ, αἰκ (q. v.), Cypr.Aἤ Inscr.Cypr.135.10
H., both εἰ and αἰ in [dialect] Ep.:— Particle used interjectionally with imper. and to express a wish, but usu. either in conditions, if, or in indirect questions, whether. In the former use its regular negative is μή; in the latter, οὐ.A INTERJECTIONALLY, in Hom., come now! c. imper.,εἰ δὲ.. ἄκουσον Il.9.262
; εἰ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ φευγόντων ib.46; most freq. with ἄγε (q. v.), 1.302, al.2 in wishes, c. opt.,ἀλλ' εἴ τις.. καλέσειεν 10.111
, cf. 24.74; so later,εἴ μοι ξυνείη μοῖρα S.OT 863
(lyr.); : more freq. folld. byγάρ, αἲ γὰρ δὴ οὕτως εἴη Il.4.189
, al.;εἰ γὰρ γενοίμην ἀντὶ σοῦ νεκρός E.Hipp. 1410
;εἰ γὰρ γένοιτο X.Cyr.6.1.38
;εἰ γὰρ ἐν τούτῳ εἴη Pl.Prt. 310d
; of unattained wishes, in Hom. only c. opt.,εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼν.. Διὸς πάϊς αἰγιόχοιο εἴην Il.13.825
;Ζεῦ πάτερ, αἰ γὰρ ἐμὸς πόσις εἴη Alcm.29
; later with past tenses of ind.,εἰ γάρ μ' ὑπὸ γῆν.. ἧκεν A.Pr. 152
(anap.); εἰ γὰρ τοσαύτην δύναμιν εἶχον ὥστε .. E.Alc. 1072: twice in Od. c. inf. (cf. the use of inf. in commands),αἰ γὰρ τοῖος ἐὼν.. ἐμὸς γαμβρὸς καλέεσθαι 7.311
, cf. 24.376.b εἴθε, [dialect] Ep. αἴθε, is freq. used in wishes in the above constructions, ;εἴθ' ὣς ἡβώοιμι Il.7.157
;ἰὼ γᾶ, εἴθ' ἔμ' ἐδέξω A.Ag. 1537
(lyr.);εἴθε σοι, ὦ Περίκλεις, τότε συνεγενόμην X.Mem.1.2.46
: later c. inf.,γαίης χθαμαλωτέρη εἴθε.. κεῖσθαι AP9.284
(Crin.).c εἰ γάρ, εἴθε are also used with ὤφελον ([dialect] Ep. ὤφελλον), of past unattained wishes,αἴθ' ὤφελλες στρατοῦ ἄλλου σημαίνειν Il.14.84
; εἰ γὰρ ὤφελον [κατιδεῖν] Pl.R. 432c.d folld. by a clause expressing a consequence of the fulfilment of the wish, αἰ γὰρ τοῦτο.. ἔπος τετελεσμένον εἴη· τῷ κε τάχα γνοίης .. Od. 15.536, cf. 17.496, al.; sts. hard to distinguish from εἰ in conditions (which may be derived from this use),εἴ μοί τι πίθοιο, τό κεν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη Il.7.28
.B IN CONDITIONS, if:I with INDIC.,1 with all tenses (for [tense] fut., v. infr. 2), to state a condition, with nothing implied as to its fulfilment, εἰ δ' οὕτω τοῦτ' ἐστίν, ἐμοὶ μέλλει φίλον εἶναι but if this is so, it will be.., Il.1.564: any form of the Verb may stand in apodosi,εἰ θεοί τι δρῶσιν αἰσχρόν, οὐκ εἰσὶν θεοί E.Fr.292.7
;εἰ δοκεῖ, πλέωμεν S.Ph. 526
;εἰ Φαῖδρον ἀγνοῶ, καὶ ἐμαυτοῦ ἐπιλέλησμαι Pl.Phdr. 228a
;κάκιστ' ἀπολοίμην, Ξανθίαν εἰ μὴ φιλῶ Ar.Ra. 579
, cf. Od.17.475;εἰ θεοῦ ἦν, οὐκ ἦν αἰσχροκερδής· εἰ δ' αἰσχροκερδής, οὐκ ἦν θεοῦ Pl.R. 408c
;εἰ ταῦτα λέγων διαφθείρω τοὺς νέους, ταῦτ' ἂν εἴη βλαβερά Id.Ap. 30b
, cf. 25b; εἰ οὗτοι ὀρθῶς ἀπέστησαν, ὑμεῖς ἂν οὐ χρεὼν ἄρχοιτε if these were right in their revolt, (it would follow that) you rule when you have no right, Th.3.40.b to express a general condition, if ever, whenever, sts. with [tense] pres.,εἴ τις δύο ἢ καὶ πλείους τις ἡμέρας λογίζεται, μάταιός ἐστιν S.Tr. 943
: with [tense] impf.,εἴ τίς τι ἠρώτα ἀπεκρίνοντο Th.7.10
: rarely with [tense] aor., D.S.31.26.1, S.E.P.1.84; cf. 111.2.2 with [tense] fut. (much less freq. than ἐάν c. subj.), either to express a future supposition emphatically,εἰ φθάσομεν τοὺς πολεμίους κατακαίνοντες οὐδεὶς ἡμῶν ἀποθανεῖται X.Cyr.7.1.19
; ; εἰ αὕτη ἡ πόλις ληφθήσεται, ἔχεται ἡ πᾶσα Σικελία ibid.; in threats or warnings, ;εἰ τιμωρήσεις Πατρόκλῳ, αὐτὸς ἀποθανῇ Pl.Ap. 28c
, cf. D.28.21: or,b to express a present intention or expectation, αἶρε πλῆκτρον εἰ μαχεῖ if you mean to fight, Ar.Av. 759;ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ ἀνήρ.. εἰ ταῦτ' ἀνατεὶ τῇδε κείσεται κράτη S.Ant. 485
, cf. Il.1.61, E.Hec. 863.3 with historical tenses, implying that the condition is or was unfulfilled.a with [tense] impf., referring to present time or to continued or repeated action in past time (in Hom. always the latter, Il.24.715, al.): ταῦτα οὐκ ἂν ἐδύναντο ποιεῖν, εἰ μὴ διαίτῃ μετρίᾳ ἐχρῶντο they would not be able to do this (as they do), if they did not live an abstemious life, X.Cyr.1.2.16, cf. Pl.R. 489b; οὐκ ἂν νήσων ἐκράτει, εἰ μή τι καὶ ναυτικὸν εἶχεν he ([place name] Agamemnon) would not have been master of islands, if he had not had also some naval force, Th.1.9;αἰ δ' ἦχες ἔσλων ἴμερον ἢ κάλων.. αἴδως κεν.. ἦχεν Sapph.28
; εἰ ἦσαν ἄνδρες ἀγαθοὶ.. οὐκ ἄν ποτε ταῦτα ἔπασχον if they had been good men, they would never have suffered as they did, Pl.Grg. 516e, cf. X.Mem.1.1.5; εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ τάδε ᾔδἐ.. οὐκ ἂν ὑπεξέφυγε if I had known this.., Il.8.366.b with [tense] aor. referring to past time,εἰ μὴ ἔφυσε θεὸς μέλι.. ἔφασκον γλύσσονα σῦκα πέλεσθαι Xenoph.38
; εἰ μὴ ὑμεῖς ἤλθετε, ἐπορευόμεθα ἂν ἐπὶ βασιλέα had you not come, we should be on our way.., X.An.2.1.4;καὶ ἴσως ἂν ἀπέθανον, εἰ μὴ ἡ ἀρχὴ διὰ ταχέων κατελύθη Pl.Ap. 32d
, cf. Il.5.680, Od.4.364, D.4.5, 27.63: with [tense] plpf. in apodosi,εἰ τριάκοντα μόναι μετέπεσον τῶν ψήφων, ἀπεπεφεύγη ἄν Pl. Ap. 36a
.c rarely with [tense] plpf. referring to action finished in past or present time, λοιπὸν δ' ἂν ἦν ἡμῖν ἔτι περὶ τῆς πόλεως διαλεχθῆναι, εἰ μὴ προτέρα τῶν ἄλλων τὴν εἰρήνην ἐπεποίητο if she had not (as she has done) made peace before the rest, Isoc.5.56, cf. Pl.Ti. 21c.II with SUBJ., εἰ is regularly joined with ἄν ([dialect] Ep. κε, κεν), cf. ἐάν: Arc. εἰκαν in Tegean Inscrr. of iv B. C. (IG5(2).3.16, 31, 6.2, SIG306.34) should be understood as εἰκ ἄν (εἰ: εἰκ = οὐ: οὐκ), since εἰ δ' ἄν is also found in IG5(2).3.2, 6.45, and εἰκ alone, ib.3.21; but ἄν ([etym.] κε, κεν) are freq. absent in Hom. as Od.5.221, 14.373 (and cf. infr. 2), and Lyr., Pi. (who never uses εἰ with ἄν or κε ([etym.] ν)) P.4.266, al.; in dialects,αἰ δείλητ' ἀγχωρεῖν IG9(1).334.6
([dialect] Locr., v B. C.), cf. Foed.[dialect] Dor. ap. Th.5.79; rarely in Hdt.,εἰ μὴ ἀναβῇ 2.13
; occasionally in Trag., A.Eu. 234, S.OT 198 (lyr.), etc.; very rarely in [dialect] Att. Prose,εἰ ξυστῶσιν αἱ πόλεις Th.6.21
; : in later Prose,εἴ τις θελήσῃ Apoc.11.5
;εἰ φονεύῃ Plot.2.9.9
, cf. Procl. Inst.26.1 when the apodosis is [tense] fut., to express a future condition more distinctly and vividly than εἰ c. opt., but less so than εἰ c. [tense] fut. ind. (supr. 1.2a); εἰ δέ κεν ὣς ἕρξῃς καί τοι πείθωνται Ἀχαιοί, γνώσῃ ἔπειθ' .. if thou do thus.., thou shalt know, Il.2.364, cf. 1.128, 3.281, Od.17.549;ἂν δέ τις ἀνθιστῆται, σὺν ὑμῖν πειρασόμεθα χειροῦσθαι X. An.7.3.11
; ἂν μὴ νῦν ἐθέλωμεν ἐκεῖ πολεμεῖν αὐτῷ, ἐνθάδ' ἴσως ἀναγκασθησόμεθα τοῦτο ποιεῖν if we be not now willing, D.4.50, cf. X.Cyr. 5.3.27: folld. by imper., ἢν εἰρήνης δοκῆτε δεῖσθαι, ἄνευ ὅπλων ἥκετε ib.3.2.13, cf. 5.4.30.2 when the apodosis is present, denoting customary or repeated action, to express a general condition, if ever, ἤν ποτε δασμὸς ἵκηται, σοὶ τὸ γέρας πολὺ μεῖζον (sc. ἐστί) whenever a division comes, your prize is (always) greater, Il.1.166; ἢν ἐγγὺς ἔλθῃ θάνατος, οὐδεὶς βούλεται θνῄσκειν if death come near, E.Alc. 671; with ἄν omitted,εἴ περ γάρ τε χόλον.. καταπέψῃ ἀλλά.. ἔχει κότον Il.1.81
.b with Rhet. present in apodosis, ἐὰν μὴ οἱ φιλόσοφοι βασιλεύσωσιν, οὐκ ἔστι κακῶν παῦλα there is (i.e. can be, will be) no rest.., Pl.R. 473d.III with OPTATIVE (never with ἄν in early Gr., later ἐάν c. opt., Dam.Pr. 114, al.),1 to express a future condition less definitely than ἐάν c. subj., usu. with opt. with ἄν in apod., ἦ κεν γηθήσαι Πρίαμος Πριάμοιό τε παῖδες.. εἰ σφῶιν τάδε πάντα πυθοίατο μαρναμένοιιν surely they would exult, if they should hear.., Il.1.255, cf. 7.28, Od.3.223;εἴης φορητὸς οὐκ ἄν, εἰ πράσσοις καλῶς A.Pr. 979
;οὐδὲ γὰρ ἄν με ἐπαινοίη, εἰ ἐξελαύνοιμι τοὺς εὐεργέτας X.An.7.7.11
;οἶκος δ' αὐτός, εἰ φθογγὴν λάβοι, σαφέστατ' ἂν λέξειεν A.Ag.37
, etc.: [tense] fut. opt. is f.l. in Pl.Tht. 164a: with [tense] pres. ind. in apod., Xenoph.34.3, Democr.253: with [tense] fut.ind., Meliss.5.b in Hom.sts. with [tense] pres. opt., to express an unfulfilled present condition, εἰ μὲν νῦν ἐπὶ ἄλλῳ ἀεθλεύοιμεν, ἦ τ' ἂν ἐγὼ τὰ πρῶτα φεροίμην if we were now contending, etc., Il.23.274: rarely in Trag., εἰ μὴ κνίζοι ( = εἰ μὴ ἔκνιζε) E.Med. 568; alsoεἰ ἀναγκαῖον εἴη ἀδικεῖν ἢ ἀδικεῖσθαι, ἑλοίμην ἂν μᾶλλον ἀδικεῖσθαι Pl.Grg. 469c
.2 when the apodosis is past, denoting customary or repeated action, to express a general condition in past time (corresponding to use of subj. in present time, supr. 11.2); once in Hom.,εἴ τίς με.. ἐνίπτοι, ἀλλὰ σὺ τόν γ'.. κατέρυκες Il.24.768
; εἰ δέ τινας θορυβουμένους αἴσθοιτο.., κατασβεννύναι τὴν ταραχὴν ἐπειρᾶτο if he should see ( whenever he saw) any troops in confusion, he (always) tried, X.Cyr.5.3.55, cf. An.4.5.13, Mem.4.2.40; εἴ τις ἀντείποι, εὐθὺς ἐτεθνήκει if any one made objection, he was a dead man at once, Th. 8.66;ἀλλ' εἴ τι μὴ φέροιμεν, ὤτρυνεν φέρειν E.Alc. 755
. For εἰ c. ind. in this sense v. supr. 1.1: ind. and opt. are found in same sentence,ἐμίσει, οὐκ εἴ τις κακῶς πάσχων ἠμύνετο, ἀλλ' εἴ τις εὐεργετούμενος ἀχάριστος φαίνοιτο X.Ages.11.3
.3 in oratio obliqua after past tenses, representing ἐάν c. subj. or εἰ with a primary (never an historical) tense of the ind. in oratio recta, ἐλογίζοντο ὡς, εἰ μὴ μάχοιντο, ἀποστήσοιντο αἱ πόλεις (representing ἐὰν μὴ μαχώμεθα, ἀποστήσονται) X.HG6.4.6, cf. D.21.104, X.HG5.2.2; ἔλεγεν ὅτι, εἰ βλαβερὰ πεπραχὼς εἴη, δίκαιος εἴη ζημιοῦσθαι (representing εἰ βλαβερὰ πέπραχε, δίκαιός ἐστι) ib.32, cf. An.6.6.25; εἰ δέ τινα φεύγοντα λήψοιτο, προηγόρευεν ὅτι ὡς πολεμίψ χρήσοιτο (representing εἴ τινα λήψομαι, χρήσομαι) Id.Cyr.3.1.3; also, where oratio obliqua is implied in the leading clause, οὐκ ἦν τοῦ πολέμου πέρας Φιλίππῳ, εἰ μὴ Θηβαίους.. ἐχθροὺς ποιήσειε τῇ πόλει, i.e. Philip thought there would be no end to the war, unless he should make.. (his thought having been ἐὰν μὴ ποιήσω), D.18.145;ἐβούλοντο γὰρ σφίσιν, εἴ τινα λάβοιεν, ὑπάρχειν ἀντὶ τῶν ἔνδον, ἢν ἄρα τύχωσί τινες ἐζωγρημένοι Th.2.5
.4 c. opt. with ἄν, only when the clause serves as apodosis as well as protasis, cf. Pl.Prt. 329b, D.4.18, X.Mem.1.5.3 (v.ἄν A. 111
. d).IV c. INF., in oratio obliqua, only in Hdt.,εἰ γὰρ δὴ δεῖν πάντως περιθεῖναι ἄλλῳ τέῳ τὴν βασιληΐην, [ἔφη] δικαιότερον εἶναι κτλ. 1.129
; , cf. 172, 3.105, 108.V after Verbs denoting wonder, delight, indignation, disappointment, contentment, and similar emotions, εἰ c. ind. is used instead of ὅτι, to express the object of the feeling in a hypothetical form, θαυμάζω εἰ μηδεὶς ὑμῶν μήτ' ἐνθυμεῖται μήτ' ὀργίζεται, ὁρῶν .. I wonder that no one of you is either concerned or angry when he sees.., D.4.43;οὐκ ἀγαπᾷ εἰ μὴ δίκην δέδωκεν, ἀλλ' εἰ μὴ καὶ χρυσῷ στεφάνῳ στεφανωθήσεται ἀγανακτεῖ Aeschin.3.147
: after past tenses,ἐθαύμασε δ' εἰ μὴ φανερόν ἐστιν X.Mem.1.1.13
;δεινὸν εἰσῄει, εἰ μὴ.. δόξει D.19.33
; ;οὐδὲ ᾐσχύνθη εἰ.. ἐπάγει D.21.105
: in oratio obliqua (expressed or implied) c. opt., ἐπεῖπεν ὡς δεινὸν (sc. εἴη)εἰ.. μεγαλόψυχος γένοιτο Aeschin.2.157
;ᾤκτιρον εἰ ἁλώσοιντο X.An.1.4.7
; ἐθαύμαζε δ' εἴ τις ἀρετὴν ἐπαγγελλόμενος ἀργύριον πράττοιτο he wondered that any one should demand money, Id.Mem.1.2.7; ἔχαιρον ἀγαπῶν εἴ τις ἐάσοι I rejoiced, being content if any one should let it pass, Pl.R. 450a:—in this use the neg. οὐ is also found, ; ;τέρας λέγεις, εἰ οὐκ ἂν δύναιντο λαθεῖν Pl.Men. 91d
, etc.VI in citing a fact as a ground of argument or appeal, as surely as, since, εἴ ποτ' ἔην γε if there was [as there was], i.e. as sure as there was such an one, Il.3.180, al.;εἰ τότε κοῦρος ἔα, νῦν αὖτέ με γῆρας ὀπάζει 4.321
; πολλοὺς γὰρ οἶκε εἶναι εὐπετέστερον διαβάλλειν ἢ ἕνα, εἰ Κλεομένεα μὲν μοῦνον οὐκ οἷός τε ἐγένετο διαβαλεῖν, τρεῖς δὲ μυριάδας Ἀθηναίων ἐποίησε τοῦτο it seems easier to deceive many than one, if (as was the fact, i.e. since) he was not able.., Hdt.5.97, cf. 1.60,al.VII ELLIPTICAL CONSTRUCTIONS:1 with apodosis implied in the context, εἰ having the force of in case, supposing that, πρὸς τὴν πόλιν, εἰ ἐπιβοηθοῖεν, ἐχώρουν they marched towards the city [so as to meet the citizens], in case they should rush out, Th.6.100; ἱκέται πρὸς σὲ δεῦρ' ἀφίγμεθα, εἴ τινα πόλιν φράσειας ἡμῖν εὔερον we have come hither to you, in case you should tell us of some fleecy city (i.e. that we might hear of it), Ar.Av. 120; παρέζεο καὶ λαβὲ γούνων, αἴ κέν πως ἐθέλῃσιν ἐπὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀρῆξαι sit by him and grasp his knees [so as to persuade him], in case he be willing to help the Trojans, Il.1.408, cf. 66, Od.1.94, 3.92; ἄκουσον καὶ ἐμοῦ, ἐάν σοι ἔτι ταὐτὰ δοκῇ hear me also [that you may assent], in case the same opinion please you, Pl.R. 358b; ἰδὲ δή, ἐάν σοι ὅπερ ἐμοὶ συνδοκῇ look now, in case you approve what I do, ib. 434a.2 with apodosis suppressed for rhetorical reasons, εἴ περ γάρ κ' ἐθέλῃσιν Ὀλύμπιος.. στυφελίξαι if he wish to thrust him away, [he will do so], Il.1.580; εἰ μὲν δώσουσι γέρας—· εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώωσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι if they shall give me a prize, [well and good]; but if they give not, then I will take one for myself, 1.135, cf. 6.150, Ar.Pl. 468; καὶ ἢν μὲν ξυμβῇ ἡ πεῖρα—· εἰ δὲ μή .. and if the attempt succeed, [well]; otherwise.., Th.3.3, cf. Pl.Prt. 325d.3 with the Verb of the protasis omitted, chiefly in the following expressions:a εἰ μή except,οὐδὲν ἄλλο σιτέονται, εἰ μὴ ἰχθῦς μοῦνον Hdt. 1.200
; μὰ τὼ θεώ, εἰ μὴ Κρίτυλλά γ' [εἰμί]—nay, if I'm not Critylla! i.e. I am, Ar.Th. 898; εἰ μὴ ὅσον except only,ἐγὼ μέν μιν οὐκ εἶδον, εἰ μὴ ὅσον γραφῇ Hdt.2.73
, cf. 1.45, 2.20;εἰ μὴ εἰ Th.1.17
, Pl.Grg. 480b, etc.; εἰ μή τι οὖν, ἀλλὰ σμικρόν γέ μοι τῆς ἀρχῆς χάλασον if nothing else, yet.., Id.Men. 86e; ironical,εἰ μὴ ἄρα ἡ τῆς ἀρετῆς ἐπιμέλεια διαφθορά ἐστιν X.Mem.1.2.8
;εἰ μή πέρ γε τὸν ὑοσκύαμον χρήματα εἶναι φήσομεν Id.Oec.1.13
.b εἰ δὲ μή but if not, i.e. otherwise,προηγόρευε τοῖς Λαμψακηνοῖσι μετιέναι Μιλτιάδεα, εἰ δὲ μή, σφέας πίτυος τρόπον ἀπείλεε ἐκτρίψειν Hdt.6.37
, cf. 56; after μάλιστα μέν, Th.1.32,35, etc.:—after a preceding neg., μὴ τύπτ'· εἰ δὲ μή, σαυτόν ποτ' αἰτιάσει don't beat me; otherwise, you will have yourself to blame, Ar.Nu. 1433;ὦ Κῦρε, μὴ οὕτω λέγε· εἰ δὲ μή, οὐ θαρροῦντά με ἕξεις X.Cyr.3.1.35
;οὔτ' ἐν τῷ ὕδατι τὰ ὅπλα ἦν ἔχειν· εἰ δὲ μή Id.An.4.3.6
, cf. Th.1.28, 131, Pl.Phd. 91c.c εἰ δέ sts. stands forεἰ δὲ μή, εἰ μὲν βούλεται, ἑψέτω· εἰ δ', ὅτι βούλεται, τοῦτο ποιείτω Pl.Euthd. 285c
, cf. Smp. 212c; ;εἰ δ' οὕτως Arist.EN 1094a24
; εἰ δὲ τοῦτο and if so, Str.2.1.29.e εἴ τις if any, i. e. as much as or more than any,τῶν γε νῦν αἴ τις ἐπιχθονίων, ὀρθῶς B.5.5
;ὄτλον ἄλγιστον ἔσχον, εἴ τις Αἰτωλὶς γυνή S.Tr.8
, cf. OC 734; εἴ τις ἄλλος, siquis alius, E.Andr.6, etc.;εἴ τινες καὶ ἄλλοι Hdt.3.2
, etc.;εἴπερ τις ἄλλος Pl.R. 501d
; also κατ' εἰ δέ τινα τρόπον in any way, IG 5(2).6.27 ([place name] Tegea).f εἴ ποτε or εἴπερ ποτέ now if ever,ἡμῖν δὲ καλῶς, εἴπερ ποτέ, ἔχει.. ἡ ξυναλλαγή Th.4.20
, cf. Ar.Eq. 594;αἴ ποτα κἄλλοτα Alc.Supp.7.11
, cf. X.An.6.4.12, etc.; but in prayers,εἴ ποτέ τοι ἐπὶ νηὸν ἔρεψα.. τόδε μοι κρήηνον ἐέλδωρ Il.1.39
.g εἴ ποθεν (sc. δυνατόν ἐστι) if from any quarter, i.e. from some quarter or other, S.Ph. 1204 (lyr.); so εἴ ποθι somewhere, anywhere, Id.Aj. 885 (lyr.);εἴ που Od.4.193
.h εἴ πως ib. 388, X.An.2.3.11: in an elliptical sentence (cf. VII. 1),πρέσβεις πέμψαντες, εἴ πως πείσειαν Th.1.58
.VIII with other PARTICLES:1 for the distinction between καὶ εἰ (or καὶ ἐάν, or κἄν ) even if, and εἰ καί (or ἐὰν καί ) even though, v. καί:—the opposite of καὶ εἰ is οὐδ' εἰ, not even if; that of εἰ καί is εἰ μηδέ, if (although) not even.IX in neg. oaths, = Hebr. im, LXXPs.94(95).11, Ev.Marc.8.12, al.C IN INDIRECT QUESTIONS, whether, folld. by the ind., subj., or opt., according to the principles of oratio obliqua:1 with IND. after primary tenses, representing the same tense in the direct question, σάφα δ' οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ θεός ἐστιν whether he is a god, Il.5.183;εἰ ξυμπονήσεις.. σκόπει S.Ant.41
.2 with SUBJ. after primary tenses, representing a dubitative subj. in the direct question, τὰ ἐκπώματα οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ Χρυσάντᾳ τουτῳῒ δῶ whether I should give them, X.Cyr.8.4.16: sts. elliptical,ἐς τὰ χρηστήρια ἔπεμπε, εἰ στρατεύηται ἐπὶ τοὺς Πέρσας Hdt.1.75
.3 OPT. after past tenses, representing either of the two previous constructions in the direct question, ἤρετο εἴ τις ἐμοῦ εἴη σοφώτερος he asked whether any one was wiser than I (direct ἔστι τις σοφώτερος;), Pl.Ap. 21a;ἐπεκηρυκεύετο Πεισιστράτῳ, εἰ βούλοιτό οἱ τὴν θυγατέρα ἔχειν γυναῖκα Hdt.1.60
: rarely [tense] aor. opt. for the [tense] aor. ind., ἠρώτων αὐτὸν εἰ ἀναπλεύσειεν I asked him whether he had set sail (direct ἀνέπλευσας;), D.50.55: but [tense] aor. opt. usually represents [tense] aor. subj., τὸν θεὸν ἐπήροντο εἰ παραδοῖεν Κορινθίοις τὴν πόλιν.. καὶ τιμωρίαν τινὰ πειρῷντ' ἀπ' αὐτῶν ποιεῖσθαι they asked whether they should deliver their city to the Corinthians, and should try.., Th.1.25:—in both constructions the ind. or subj. may be retained, ψῆφον ἐβούλοντο ἐπαγαγεῖν εἰ χρὴ πολεμεῖν ib. 119; ἐβουλεύοντο εἴτε κατακαύσωσιν.. εἴτε τι ἄλλο χρήσωνται whether they should burn them or should dispose of them in some other way, Id.2.4; ἀνακοινοῦσθαι αὐτὸν αὑτῷ εἰ δῷ ἐπιψηφίσαι τοῖς προέδροις [he said that] he consulted him whether he should give.., Aeschin.2.68.4 with OPT. and ἄν when this was the form of the direct question, ἠρώτων εἰ δοῖεν ἂν τούτων τὰ πιστά they asked whether they would give (direct δοιήτε ἄν;), X.An.4.8.7.5 the NEG. used with εἰ in indirect questions is οὐ, when οὐ would be used in the direct question, ἐνετέλλετο.. εἰρωτᾶν εἰ οὔ τι ἐπαισχύνεται whether he is not ashamed, Hdt.1.90, etc.; but if μή would be required in the direct form, it is retained in the indirect, οὐ τοῦτο ἐρωτῶ, ἀλλ' εἰ τοῦ μὲν δικαίου μὴ ἀξιοῖ πλέον ἔχειν μηδὲ βούλεται ὁ δίκαιος, τοῦ δὲ ἀδίκου (the direct question would be μὴ ἀξιοῖ μηδὲ βούλεται; he does not see fit nor wish, does he?) Pl.R. 349b:—in double indirect questions, εἴτε.. εἴτε.. ; εἰ.. εἴτε.. ; εἴτε.. ἢ .., either οὐ or μή can be used in the second clause, ; ; εἰ ἀληθὲς ἢ μή, πειράσομαι μαθεῖν ib. 339a;πολλὰ ἂν περιεσκέψω, εἴτε ἐπιτρεπτέον εἴτε οὔ·.. οὐδένα λόγον οὐδὲ συμβουλὴν ποιῇ, εἴτε χρὴ ἐπιτρέπειν σαυτὸν αὐτῷ εἴτε μή Id.Prt. 313a
, 313b;ἀνάγκη τὴν ἐμὴν μητέρα, εἴτε θυγάτηρ ἦν Κίρωνος εἴτε μή, καὶ εἰ παρ' ἐκείνῳ διῃτᾶτο ἢ οὔ, καὶ γάμους εἰ διττοὺς ὑπὲρ ταύτης εἱστίασεν ἢ μὴ.. πάντα ταῦτα εἰδέναι τοὺς οἰκέτας Is.8.9
; τοὺς νόμους καταμανθάνειν εἰ καλῶς κεῖνται ἢ μή.. τοὺς λόγους εἰ ὀρθῶς ὑμᾶς διδάσκουσιν ἢ οὔ Antipho 5.14. -
7 συνδοκέω
A seem to one as to another, seem good also,ταῦτα κἀμοὶ συνδοκεῖ Ar.Av. 811
; εἴ τοι δοκεῖ σφῷν ταῦτα, κἀμοὶ ξυνδοκεῖ ib. 1630, cf. Lys. 167; ;ὅ τι ἂν καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις.. ξυνδοκῇ Id.6.44
;εἰ σοὶ συνδοκεῖ ὅπερ ἐμοί Pl.Prt. 340b
;πᾶσι συνέδοξε ταῦτα X.Cyr.2.2.28
; ἆρ' οὖν σοι συνδοκεῖ μέτριος χρόνος; Pl.R. 460e;διάνοιαν ἣ σ. τοῖς πολλοῖς Arist.Pol. 1273a23
; κἀμοὶ τοῦτο οὕτω περὶ αὐτοῦ ς. Pl.Sph. 235b;συνεδόκει ἡμῖν.. ταῦτα Id.Euthd. 289b
: abs., συνεδόκει ib.c.2 more freq. impers., it seems good also,σοὶ δὲ συνδοκεῖν χρεών E.IT71
; εἰ ξυνδοκοίη τοῖσιν ἄλλοις ὀρνέοις Ar Av.197; ἢ καὶ σοὶ συνδοκεῖ οὕτως; Pl.Prt. 331b;σ. ὅτι.. Id.Hp.Ma. 283b
: folld. by inf., X.Cyr.1.6.8; συνέδοξε.. τὸν ἐλάττονα αἱρετέον (sc. εἶναι) Pl.Ti. 75c.3 part., οὐκ ἐμοὶ -οῦντα πεπόνθατε not with my approval, D.H.6.44; but the part. is mostly used abs. like ἐξόν, παρόν, etc., συνδοκοῦν ἅπασιν ἡμῖν since we all agree, X.HG2.3.51; συνδόξαν τῷ πατρὶ καὶ τῇ μητρί since the father and mother approved, Id.Cyr.8.5.28, cf. 8.1.8.b Plato has also part. [tense] pf. [voice] Pass., λόγος τοῖς ἐπιεικεστάτοις συνδεδογμένος in which they also agree, Lg. 659d, cf. 719c, Phdr.267d; also of persons, συνδεδογμένοι τινί of like opinion with him, Numen. ap. Eus.PE 14.5.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συνδοκέω
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8 ἤ
ἤ (A), [dialect] Ep. also [full] ἠέ (in signf. A.11 ἤ (or ἠέ) folld. by ἦ (or ἦε), v. infr.), Conj. with two chief senses, Disj. (2 ἢ.. ἤ either.. or, , cf. 151, 5.484, etc.; soἢ.. ἤτοι.. Pi.N.6.4
, Fr. 138;ἤτοι.. ἤ.. A.Ag. 662
, S. Ant. 1182, Th.2.40, etc. (in Classical Gr. the alternative introduced by ἤτοι is emphasized, later no distn. is implied, Ep.Rom.6.16;ἤτοι.. ἢ.. ἤ.. PTeb.5.59
(ii B.C.)); ἤ repeated any number of times,ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι ἢ τεὸν ἢ Αἴαντος ἰὼν γέρας ἢ Ὀδυσῆος Il.1.138
, cf. Od.15.84, S.Ant. 707; ἤ is prob. wrongly accented in codd. of Il.2.289, Od.3.348, 19.109, v. ἦ Adv.1.3:ἢ πόλις βροτός θ' ὁμοίως A.Eu. 524
(lyr.) is exceptional.3 or else, otherwise,εἰδέναι δεῖ περὶ οὗ ἂν ᾖ ἡ βουλή, ἢ παντὸς ἁμαρτάνειν ἀνάγκη Pl.Phdr. 237c
;μή με λυπεῖτε, ἢ φεύξομ' ἐκ τῆς οἰκίης Herod.5.74
; ζῶντα κακῶς λέγειν ἐκώλυσε.., ἢ τρεῖς δραχμὰς ἀποτίνειν ἔταξε Lex Sol. ap. Plu.Sol.21, cf. 24, IG12.94.10, Them.Or.21.260a.II in Questions or Deliberations in Disj. form(the accentuation is ἢ ([etym.] ἠέ) folld. by ἦ ([etym.] ἦε), Hdn. Gr.2.24, al., A.D.Conj.224.28):1 Direct questions,a introduced by ἢ (ἠέ), ἢ δολιχὴ νοῦσος ἦ Ἄρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα.. κατέπεφνεν; Od.11.172; ἤ τι κατὰ πρῆξιν ἦ μαψιδίως ἀλάλησθε.. ; 3.72, cf. 1.408, 16.462, Il.6.378, 15.735, 16.12, etc.b without an introductory Particle, θεός νύ τις ἦ βροτός ἐσσι; art thou a goddess or a mortal? Od.6.149, cf. 1.226, 4.314, 372, 643, 20.130, 21.194, Il.10.63, 425, 534, 15.203: accented ἦ, Hdn.Gr.2.145, al., but ἤ freq. in codd. of Hom. and always in codd. of later writers: ἤκουσας ἢ οὐκ ἤκουσας ἢ κωφῇ λέγω; A.Th. 202; ἄρτι δὲ ἥκεις ἢ πάλαι; Pl.Cri. 43a; κακουργεῖν δεῖ ἢ οὔ; ib. 49c; preceded by πότερον, πότερον δοκεῖ σοι κάκιον εἶναι, τὸ ἀδικεῖν ἢ τὸ ἀδικεῖσθαι; Id.Grg. 474c, etc.2 Indirect questions, freq. epexegetic of a preceding question and identical in form with direct questions.aεἴπ' ἄγε,.. ἤ ῥ' ἐθέλει.., ἦ ἀπέειπε.. Il.9.674
; ;διάνδιχα μερμήριξεν ἢ ὅ γε.. ἐναρίζοι ἦε χόλον παύσειεν 1.190
; later withεἰ.. ἤ A.Ch. 890
,Ag. 478, S.OC80, etc.; πότερον orπότερα.. ἤ.. Id.Pers.148
, 352, Ag.630, etc.; sts.εἴτε.. ἤ E.El. 897
;ἢ.. εἴτε S.Aj. 177
.b without introductory Particle,οὐδέ τι οἶδα ζώει ὅ γ' ἦ τέθνηκε Od.11.464
, cf. Il.10.546, Od.24.238.B COMPARATIVE, than, as, after a [comp] Comp., Il.11.162, etc.: after positive Adjs. which imply comparison, ἄλλος, ἕτερος ἤ.., S.OT 595, Tr. 835(lyr.);ἐναντίος ἤ Pl.Grg. 481c
; ἴδιόν τι πάσχειν πάθος ἢ οἱ ἄλλοι ibid.: after Advbs. or adverbial phrases, πλήν, πρίν, πρόσθεν, χωρίς (qq. v.), ἀλλά (v. ἀλλ' ἤ); τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ ἤ.. Id.Cri. 44a
(f.l. in Smp. 173a);ἐν τῷ πέμπτῳ καὶ δεκάτῳ ϝέτει ἀπὸ τῶ ποτεχεῖ ϝέτεος ἢ Ἀριστίων ἐφορεύει Tab.Heracl.1.121
;παρὰ δόξαν ἢ ὡς αὐτὸς κατεδόκεε Hdt.1.79
, cf. 8.4;διαφερόντως ἤ.. Pl.Phd. 85b
; οὐδ' ὅσον ἤ.. not so much as.., not more than.., Theoc.9.21: after Verbs implying comparison, βούλεσθαι ἤ.. to wish rather than.., v. βούλομαι IV,αἱρέω B. 11.1b
; so φθάνειν ἤ.. to come sooner than.., Il.23.445, Od.11.58;ἐπιθυμεῖν ἤ.. X.Cyr.1.4.3
;δέχεσθαι ἤ.. Lys.10.21
: less freq. after a word not implying comparison, δίκαιον ἡμέας ἔχειν.. (sc. μᾶλλον)ἤ περ Ἀθηναίους Hdt.9.26
;ἐμοὶ πικρὸς.. ἢ κείνοις γλυκύς S.Aj. 966
(s.v.l.);δεδικαιωμένος ἢ ἐκεῖνος Ev.Luc.18.14
.2 joining two Comparatives which refer to the same subject,πάντες κ' ἀρησαίατ' ἐλαφρότεροι πόδας εἶναι ἢ ἀφνειότεροι Od.1.165
;ταχύτερα ἢ σοφώτερα Hdt.3.65
;μανικώτεροι ἢ ἀνδρειότεροι Pl.Tht. 144b
, cf. Ar.Ach. 1078.3 rarely after a [comp] Sup., (s.v.l.);πίθοιτό κεν ὔμμι μάλιστα ἢ ἐμοί A.R.3.91
.4 ἢ οὐ is used when a neg. precedes, , cf.5.94, Th.2.62, etc.: after an implied neg.,ὠμὸν.. πόλιν ὅλην διαφθεῖραι μᾶλλον ἢ οὐ τοὺς αἰτίους Id.3.36
.5 freq. omitted with numerals after πλείων, ἐλάττων, μείων, ἔτη.. πλείω ἑβδομήκοντα v.l. in Pl.Ap. 17d;οὐ μεῖον πεντακοσίους X.An.6.4.24
: sts. with an inf. or conditional clause, ; τίς εὐπραξία σπανιωτέρα.., εἰ [δύναμις] πάρεστιν (for ἢ δύναμιν παρεῖναι); Th.1.33.6 pleon. with a gen.,τίς ἂν αἰσχίων εἴη ταύτης δόξα, ἢ δοκεῖν.. Pl.Cri. 44c
, cf. Lys.10.28.7 the Disj. and [comp] Comp. uses are found together in Il.15.511 βέλτερον, ἢ ἀπολέσθαι ἕνα χρόνον ἠὲ βιῶναι, ἢ δηθὰ στρεύγεσθαι ἐν αἰνῆ δηϊοτῆτι better, either to die once for all or win life, than long to toil in battle. [ἢ οὐ, ἢ οὐκ combine by Synizesis into one syll. in Trag. and Com., A.Pr. 330, S.Aj. 334, Ar.Lys. 128; so usually in [dialect] Ep., Od.1.298, al.; ;ἢ εἰ Alex.201
.]------------------------------------ἤ (B), an exclamation expressing disapproval,2 to call attention, ποῦ Ξανθίας; ἢ Ξανθία where's Xanthias? hi, Xanthias! Ar.Ra. 271.------------------------------------ἤ (or [full] ἦ) (C), Cypr. forA if, Inscr.Cypr.135.6H.2 Cret. for when, after, ἤ κ' ἀποστᾷ μωλῆν after retiring, he shall take proceedings, Leg.Gort.1.52; ἐν ταῖς τριάκοντα ἤ κα ϝείποντι within 30 days from the time of their proclamation, ib.8.18. -
9 γάρ
γάρ particle, always in second or third position.1 not joined with other particles.a gives reason for what precedes.ἔστι δ' ἀνδρὶ φάμεν ἐοικὸς ἀμφὶ δαιμόνων καλά. μείων γὰρ αἰτία O. 1.35
λάθα δὲ πότμῳ σὺν εὐδαίμονι γένοιτ' ἄν. ἐσλῶν γὰρ ὑπὸ χαρμάτων πῆμα θνᾴσκει O. 2.19
(If a man had the qualities I describe, he would be celebrated.) ἴστω γὰρ ἐν τούτῳ πεδίλῳ δαιμόνιον πόδ' ἔχων Σωστράτου υἱός (but cf. h infra) O. 6.8ὄτρυνον νῦν ἑταίρους, Αἰνέα,. ἐσσὶ γὰρ ἄγγελος ὀρθός O. 6.90
ἀσκεῖται Θέμις ἔξοχ' ἀνθρώπων (sc. in Aigina). ὅτι γὰρ πολὺ καὶ πολλᾷ ῥέπῃ, ὀρθᾷ διακρῖναι φρενὶ δυσπαλές because Aigina is a great commercial state — and is bound to reverence the rule of righteous dealing, Sandys O. 8.23πάγον Κρόνου προσεφθέγξατο· πρόσθε γὰρ νώνυμνος O. 10.50
Ἱμέραν εὐρυσθενἔ ἀμφιπόλει, σώτειρα Τύχα. τὶν γὰρ ἐν πόντῳ κυβερνῶνται θοαὶ νᾶες (cf. f infra) O. 12.3 ναυσιφορήτοις δ' ἀνδράσι πρώτα χάρις πομπαῖον ἐλθεῖν οὖρον· ἐοικότα γὰρ καὶτελευτᾷ φερτέρου νόστου τυχεῖν P. 1.34
ἐμὲ δὲ χρεὼν φεύγειν δάκος ἀδινὸν κακαγοριᾶν. εἶδον γὰρ Ἀρχίλοχον P. 2.54
“ἱκόμαν οἴκαδ'. πεύθομαι γάρ νιν Πελίαν ἁμετέρων ἀποσυλᾶσαι βιαίως ἀρχεδικᾶν τοκέων” P. 4.109 ἔλπετο δ' οὐκέτι οἱ κεῖνον γε πράξασθαι πόνον. κεῖτο γὰρ ( δέρμα sc.)λόχμᾳ P. 4.244
μακρά μοι νεῖσθαι κατ' ἀμαξιτόν· ὥρα γὰρ συνάπτει P. 4.247
θεόθεν ἐραίμαν καλῶν, δυνατὰ μαιόμενος ἐν ἁλικίᾳ. τῶν γὰρ ἀνὰ πόλιν εὑρίσκων τὰ μέσα μεκροτέρῳ ὄλβῳ τεθαλότα, μέμφομ' αἶσαν τυραννίδων P. 11.52
ἵκετ' ὀξείαις ἀνίαισι τυπείς· τὸ γὰρ οἰκεῖον πιέζει πάνθ ὁμῶς N. 1.53
ἔστα δὲ θάμβει δυσφόρῳ τερπνῷ τε μιχθείς. εἶδε γὰρ N. 1.56
ἵκεο Δωρίδα νᾶσον Αἴγιναν· ὕδατι γὰρ μένοντ' ἐπ Ἀσωπίῳ μελιγαρύων τέκτονες κώμων νεανίαι N. 3.3
ἀπότρεπε αὖτις Εὐρώπαν ποτὶ χέρσον ἔντεα ναός· ἄπορα γὰρ λόγον Αἰκακοῦ παίδων τὸν ἅπαντά μοι διελθεῖν N. 4.71
εὔθυν' ἐπὶ τοῦτον, ἄγε, Μοῖσα, οὖρον ἐπέων εὐκλέα· παροιχομένων γὰρ ἀνέρων N. 6.29
ἀμπνέων τε πρίν τι φάμεν. πολλὰ γὰρ πολλᾷ λέλεκται, νεαρὰ δ' ἐξευρόντα δόμεν βασάνῳ ἐς ἔλεγχον ἅπας κίνδυνος N. 8.20
ἀλλ' ἐπέων γλυκὺν ὕμνον πράσσετε. τὸ κρατήσιππον γὰρ ἐς ἅρμ ἀναβαίνων αὐδὰν μανύει N. 9.4
ἔργα τε πολλὰ μενοινῶντες· δέδεται γὰρ ἀναιδεῖ ἐλπίδι γυῖα N. 11.45
οἱ μὲν πάλαι ῥίμφα παιδείους ἐτόξευον μελιγάρυας ὕμνους · ἁ Μοῖσα γὰρ οὐ φιλοκερδής τω τότ' ἦν I. 2.6
ἔστι μοι θεῶν ἕκατι μυρία παντᾷ κέλευθος· ὦ Μέλισσ, εὐμαχανίαν γὰρ ἔφανας I. 4.2
δαπάνᾳ χαῖρον ἵππων. τῶν ἀπειράτων γὰρ ἄγνωτοι σιωπαί I. 4.30
προφρόνων Μοισᾶν τύχομεν, κεῖνον ἅψαι πυρσὸν ὕμνων καὶ Μελίσσῳ. τόλμα γὰρ εἰκὼς θυμὸν ἐριβρεμετᾶν θηρῶν λεόντων ἐν πόνῳ I. 4.45
ἐμοὶ δὲ μακρὸν πάσας ἀναγήσασθ' ἀρετάς· Φυλακίδᾳ γὰρ ἧλθον, ὦ Μοῖσα, ταμίας Πυθέᾳ τε κώμων I. 6.57
κώμαζ' ἔπειτεν Στρεψιάδᾳ· φέρει γὰρ Ἰσθμοῖ νίκαν παγκρατίου I. 7.21
ἄλοχονεὐειδέα θέλων ἑκάτερος ἑὰν ἔμμεν. ἔρως γὰρ ἔχεν I. 8.29
τὸν αἰνεῖν ἀγαθῷ παρέχει· ἥβαν γὰρ οὐκ ἄπειρον ὑπὸ χειᾷ καλῶν δάμασεν I. 8.70
ἐν ζαθέῳ με δέξαι χρόνῳ. ὕδατι γὰρ ἐπὶ χαλκοπύλῳ ἦλθον ἔταις ἀμαχανίαν ἀλέξων Pae. 6.7
ἀγῶνα Λοξίᾳ καταβάντ' εὐρὺν ἐν θεῶν ξενίᾳ. θύεται γὰρ ἀγλαᾶς ὑπὲρ Πανελλάδος Pae. 6.62
πιστὰ δ Ἀγασικλέει μάρτυς ἤλυθον ἐς χορὸν ἐσλοῖς τε γονεῦσιν ἀμφὶ προξενίαισι. τίμαθεν γὰρ (Wil.: τιμαθέντας Π.) Παρθ. 2.. ἀσκὸς δ' οὔτε τις ἀμφορεὺς ἐλίνυεν δόμοις. πέλλαι γὰρ ξύλιναι πίθοι τε πλῆσθεν *fr. 104b. 5.* πρέπει δ' ἐσλοῖσιν ὑμνεῖσθαι. τοῦτο γὰρ ἀθανάτοις τιμαῖς ποτιψαύει fr. 121. 3.b gives an explanation of what precedes. αἴτει πανδόκῳ ἄλσει σκιαρόν τε φύτευμα. ἤδη γὰρ αὐτῷ ἀντέφλεξε Μήνα i. e. for by now all else was ready O. 3.19νίσεται σὺν παισὶ Λήδας. τοῖς γὰρ ἐπέτρεπεν ἀγῶνα νέμειν O. 3.36
ζεῦξον ἤδη μοι σθένος ἡμιόνων. κεῖναι γὰρ ἐξ ἀλλᾶν ὁδὸν ἁγεμονεῦσαι ταύταν ἐπίστανται O. 6.25
ἅπαντας ἐν οἴκῳ εἴρετο παῖδα τὸν Εὐάδνα τέκοι· Φοίβου γὰρ αὐτὸν φᾶ γεγάκειν πατρός O. 6.49
ἄγνωμον δὲ τὸ μὴ προμαθεῖν. κουφότεραι γὰρ ἀπειράτων φρένες O. 8.61
χαρίτων νέμομαι κᾶπον· κεῖναι γὰρ ὤπασαν τὰ τέρπν O. 9.28
ἄνευ δὲ θεοῦ, σεσιγαμένον οὐ σκαιότερον χρῆμ' ἕκαστον. ἐντὶ γὰρ ἄλλαι ὁδῶν ὁδοὶ περαίτεραι i. e. since we are gifted in different directions O. 9.104τὰν ὀλβίαν Κόρινθον. ἐν τᾷ γὰρ Εὐνομία ναίει O. 13.6
ἀνάγνωτέ μοι Ἀρχεστράτου παῖδα. γλυκὺ γὰρ αὐτῷ μέλος ὀφείλων ἐπιλέλαθ O. 10.3
ἐρύκετον ψευδέων ἐνιπὰν ἀλιτόξενον. ἕκαθεν γὰρ ἐπελθὼν ὁ μέλλων χρόνος ἐμὸν καταίσχυνε βαθὺ χρέος O. 10.7
May my poetry be effective.Μοίσαις γὰρ ἀγλαοθρόνοις ἑκὼν Ὀλιγαιθίδαισίν τ' ἔβαν ἐπίκουρος O. 13.96
τόνδε κῶμον ἐπ' εὐμενεῖ τύχᾳ κοῦφα βιβῶντα. Λυδῷ γὰρ Ἀσώπιχον ἐν τρόπῳ ἐν μελέταις τ ἀείδων ἔμολον O. 14.17
καιρὸν εἰ φθέγ-ξαιο, μείων ἕπεται μῶμος ἀνθρώπων. ἀπὸ γὰρ κόρος ἀμβλύνει αἰανὴς ταχείας ἐλπίδας P. 1.82
With the help of Artemis he mastered his horses.ἐπὶ γὰρ ἰοχέαιρα παρθένος χερὶ διδύμᾳ τίθησι κόσμον P. 2.9
νεφέλᾳ παρελέξατο ψεῦδος γλυκὺ μεθέπων. εἶδος γὰρ ὑπεροχωτάτᾳ πρέπεν Οὐρανιᾶν θυγατέρι Κρόνου P. 2.38
“αἷμά οἱ κείναν λάβε σὺν Δαναοῖς εὐρεῖαν ἄπειρον· τότε γὰρ μεγάλας ἐξανίστανται Λακεδαίμονος” P. 4.48Μοίσαισι δώσω καὶ τὸ πάγχρυσον νάκος κριοῦ· μετὰ γὰρ κεῖνο πλευσάντων Μινυᾶν θεόπομποί σφισιν τιμαὶ φύτευθεν P. 4.68
“οὐ πρέπει νῷν χαλκοτόροις ξίφεσιν οὐδ' ἀκόντεσσιν μεγάλαν προγόνων τιμὰν δάσασθαι. μῆλά τε γάρ τοι ἐγὼ καὶ βοῶν ξανθὰς ἀγέλας ἀφίημ” P. 4.148 κινηθμὸν ἀμαιμάκετον ἐκφυγεῖν πετρᾶν. δίδυμαι γὰρ ἔσαν” P. 4.209ἀκηράτοις ἁνίαις. κατέκλασε γὰρ ἐντέων σθένος οὐδέν P. 5.34
ἔχεις καὶ πεδὰ μέγαν κάματον λόγων φερτάτων μναμήἰ· ἐν τεσσαράκοντα γὰρ πετόντεσσιν ἁνιόχοις ὅλον δίφρον κομίξαις P. 5.49
Ἡσυχία, τιμὰν Ἀριστομένει δέκευ. τὺ γὰρ τὸ μαλθακὸν ἔρξαι τε καὶ παθεῖν ὁμῶς ἐπίστασαι P. 8.6
“τὸ δὲ οἴκοθεν ἀντία πράξει. μόνος γὰρ ἐκ Δαναῶν στρατοῦ θανόντος ὀστέα λέξαις υἱοῦ” P. 8.52 θεῶν δ' ὄπιν ἄφθονον αἰτέω, λτ;γτ;έναρκες, ὑμετέραις τύχαις. εἰ γάρ τις ἐσλὰ πέπαται μὴ σὺν μακρῷ πόνῳ, πολλοῖς σοφὸς δοκεῖ but ultimately it is god who is responsible for good fortune P. 8.73Ἱπποκλέᾳ θέλοντες ἀγαγεῖν ἐπικωμίαν ἀνδρῶν κλυτὰν ὄπα· γεύεται γὰρ ἀέθλων P. 10.7
κώπαν σχάσον. ἐγκωμίων γὰρ ἄωτος ὕμνων ἐπ' ἄλλοτ ἄλλον ὥτε μέλισσα θύνει λόγον P. 10.53
χρὴ δ' ἐν εὐθείαις ὁδοῖς στείχοντα μάρνασθαι φυᾷ. πράσσει γὰρ ἔργῳ μὲν σθένος, βουλαῖσι δὲ φρήν N. 1.26
I had rather be generous to my friends than miserly. κοιναὶ γὰρ ἔρχοντ' ἐλπίδες πολυπόνων ἀνδρῶν (but cf. Σ: ἐλπίδος ποτὲ διαπεσὼν τῆς ἴσης τύχοι ἂν ἀμοιβῆς) N. 1.32κτείνοντ' ἐλάφους ἄνευ κυνῶν δολίων θ ἑρκέων. ποσσὶ γὰρ κράτεσκε N. 3.52
τὸ δ' ἐναντίον ἔσκεν· πολλὰ γάρ μιν παντὶ θυμῷ παρφαμένα λιτάνευεν N. 5.31
ἴχνεσιν ἐν Πραξιδάμαντος ἑὸν πόδα νέμων πατροπάτορος ὁμαιμίοις. κεῖνος γὰρ Ὀλυμπιόνικος ἐὼν N. 6.17
εὔδοξος ἀείδεται Σωγένης. πόλιν γὰρ φιλόμολπον οἰκεῖ N. 7.9
εἰ δὲ τύχῃ τις ἔρδων, μελίφρον' αἰτίαν ῥοαῖσι Μοισᾶν ἐνέβαλε· ταὶ μεγάλαι γὰρ ἀλκαὶ σκότον πολὺν ὕμνων ἔχοντι δεόμεναι N. 7.12
βασιλῆα δὲ θεῶν πρέπει δάπεδον ἂν τόδε γαρυέμεν ἡμέρᾳ ὀπί. λέγοντι γὰρ Αἰακόν μιν φυτεῦσαι N. 7.84
λευκανθέα σώμασι πίαναν καπνόν· ἑπτὰ γὰρ δαίσαντο πυραὶ νεογυίους φῶτας N. 9.24
ἴστω λαχὼν ὄλβον. εἰ γὰρ ἅμα κτεάνοις πολλοῖς ἐπίδοξον ἄρηται κῦδος, οὐκ ἔστι πρόσωθεν N. 9.46
ἀξιωθείην κεν Ἄργει μὴ κρύπτειν φάος ὀμμάτων. νικαφορίαις γὰρ ὅσαιςἱπποτρόφον ἄστυ τὸ Προίτοιο θάλησεν† N. 10.41ἴδεν Λυγκεὺς δρυὸς ἐν στελέχει ἡμένους. κείνου γὰρ ἐπιχθονίων πάντων γένετ' ὀξύτατον ὄμμα N. 10.62
οὐκ ἀγνῶτες ὑμῖν ἐντὶ δόμοι οὔτε κώμων. οὐ γὰρ πάγος οὐδὲ προσάντης ἁ κέλευθος γίνεται, εἴ τις εὐδόξων ἐς ἀνδρῶν ἄγοι τιμὰς Ἑλικωνιάδων I. 2.33
ἐκ λεχέων ἀνάγει φάμαν παλαιὰν εὐκλέων ἔργων. ἐν ὕπνῳ γὰρ πέσεν I. 4.23
ἔστιν δ' ἀφάνεια τύχας καὶ μαρναμένων. τῶν τε γὰρ καὶ τῶν διδοῖ I. 4.33
Homer has perpetuated the fame of Aias.τοῦτο γὰρ ἀθάνατον φωνᾶεν ἕρπει, εἴ τις εὖ εἴτῃ τι I. 4.40
We sing the praise of the victorious sons of Lampon.εἰ γάρ τις ἀνθρώπων πράσσει θεοδμάτους ἀρετὰς, ἐσχατιαῖς ἤδη πρὸς ὄλβου βάλλετ' ἄγκυραν I. 6.10
τιμὰ δ' ἀγαθοῖσιν ἀντίκειται. ἴστω γὰρ σαφὲς ἀστῶν γενεᾷ μέγιστον κλέος αὔξων I. 7.27
τὸ δὲ πρὸ ποδὸς ἄρειον ἀεὶ βλέπειν χρῆμα πάν. δόλιος γὰρ αἰὼν ἐπ' ἀνδράσι κρέμαται I. 8.14
ἐπέων δὲ καρπὸς οὐ κατέφθινε· φαντὶ γὰρ ξύν' ἀλέγειν καὶ γάμον Θέτιος ἄνακτας I. 8.46
ἔλαθεν οὐδὲ τὸν εὐρυφαρέτραν ἑκαβόλον· ὤμοσε [γὰρ θ]εὸς (supp. Housman) Πα.. 112. ἐπεύχομαι εὐμαχανίαν διδόμεν. τυφλα[ὶ γὰρ] ἀνδρῶν φρένες, ὅστις ἄνευθ' Ἐλικωνιάδων ἐρευνᾷ σοφίας ὁδόν Πα. 7 B. 18. Δαμαίνας παῖ, ἁγέο. τὶν γὰρ εὔφρων ἕψεται πρώτα θυγάτηρ ὁδοῦ Παρθ. 2. 67. The soul survives the body. τὸ γάρ ἐστι μόνον ἐκ θεῶν fr. 131b. 2.c introduces narrative in elaboration of what precedes.—δέξαιτόνδε κῶμον. ψαύμιος γὰρ ἵκει ὀχέων, ὅς O. 4.10
ἔμαθε δὲ σαφές· εὐμενέσσι γὰρ παρὰ Κρονίδαις γλυκὺν ἑλὼν βίοτον, μακρὸν οὐχ ὑπέμεινεν ὄλβον P. 2.25
ἔσχε τοι ταύταν μεγάλαν ἀυάταν καλλιπέπλου λῆμα Κορωνίδος. ἐλθόντος γὰρ εὐνάσθη ξένου P. 3.25
“φαμὶ διδασκαλίαν Χίρωνος οἴσειν. ἀντρόθε γὰρ νέομαι” P. 4.102 “δύνασαι δ' ἀφελεῖν μᾶνιν χθονίων. κέλεται γὰρ ἑὰν ψυχὰν κομίξαι Φρίξος” P. 4.159σπέρμ' ὑμετέρας ἀκτῖνος ὄλβου δέξατο μοιρίδιον ἆμαρ ἢ νύκτες· τόθι γὰρ γένος Εὐφάμου φυτευθὲν P. 4.256
ἐπέγνω μὲν Κυράνα δικαιᾶν Δαμοφίλου πραπίδων. κεῖνος γὰρ ἐν παισὶν νέος P. 4.281
ἔχοντι τὰν ( Κυράναν sc.)χαλκοχάρμαι ξένοι Τρῶες Ἀντανορίδαι. σὺν Ἑλένᾳ γὰρ μόλον P. 5.83
Ἀντίλοχος ἀναμείναις Μέμνονα. Νεστόρειον γὰρ ἵππος ἅρμ' ἐπέδα P. 6.32
ἴτω τεὸν χρέος, ὦ παῖ. παλαισμάτεσσι γὰρ ἰχνεύων ματραδελφεοὺς P. 8.35
ἄκουσεν Δαναόν ποτ' ἐν Ἄργει οἷον εὗρεν τεσσαράκοντα καὶ ὀκτὼ παρθένοισι ὠκύτατον γάμον. ἔστασεν γὰρ P. 9.114
τυφλὸν δ' ἔχει ἦτορ ὅμιλος ἀνδρῶν ὁ πλεῖστος. εἰ γὰρ ἦν ἓ τὰν ἀλάθειαν ἰδέμεν, οὔ κεν ὅπλων χολωθεὶς ὁ καρτερὸς Αἴας ἔπαξε N. 7.24
πολλά νιν πολλοὶ λιτάνευον ἰδεῖν· ἀβοατὶ γὰρ ἡρώων ἄωτοι περιναιεταόντων ἤθελον N. 8.9
ἄμφαινε κυδαίνων πόλιν. φεῦγε γὰρ Ἀμφιαρῆ ποτὲ N. 9.13
φθιμένου Κάστορος ἐν πολέμῳ. τὸν γὰρ Ἴδας ἔτρωσεν N. 10.60
καὶ πάθον δεινὸν παλάμαις Ἀφαρητίδαι Διός· αὐτίκα γὰρἦλθε Λήδας παῖς N. 10.65
ἐθέλω ἢ Καστορείῳ ἢ Ἰολάοἰ ἐναρμόξαι μιν ὕμνῳ. κεῖνοι γὰρ ἡρώων διφρηλάται Λακεδαίμονι καὶ Θήβαις ἐτέκνωθεν κράτιστοι I. 1.17
ἤρχετο μόροιο κάρυξ. ἦν γάρ τι παλαίφατον[ fr. 140a. 69 (43) introducing argument, proof, example: It is easy for a poet to praise a man for his labours.μισθὸς γὰρ ἄλλοις ἄλλος ἐπ' ἔργμασιν ἀνθρώποις γλυκὺς. ὃς δ ἀμφ ἀέθλοις ἄρηται κῦδος ἁβρόν, εὐαγορηθεὶς κέρδος ὕψιστον δέκεται I. 1.47
You Graces are a source of pleasure to men.οὐδὲ γὰρ θεοὶ σεμνᾶν Χαρίτων ἄτερ κοιρανέοντι χοροὺς οὔτε δαῖτας O. 14.8
μέγιστον δ' αἰόλῳ ψεύδει γέρας ἀντέταται. κρυφίαισι γὰρ ἐν ψάφοις Ὀδυσσῆ Δαναοὶ θεράπευσαν N. 8.26
cf. N. 7.24d after a verb of announcing or simm.κοινὸν λόγον φίλαν τείσομεν ἐς χάριν. νέμει γὰρ Ἀτρέκεια πόλιν O. 10.13
Χάριτες, κλῦτ' ἐπεὶ εὔχομαι· σὺν γὰρ ὑμῖν O. 14.5
“κέκλυτε. φαμὶ γὰρ” P. 4.14 ἀπὸ δ' αὐτὸν ἐγὼ Μοίσαισι δώσω καὶ τὸ πάγχρυσον νάκος κριοῦ. τίς γὰρ ἀρχὰ δέξατο ναυτιλίας; P. 4.70γνῶθι νῦν τὰν Οἰδιπόδα σοφίαν. εἰ γὰρ P. 4.263
ἀκούσατ. ἦ γὰρ ἑλικώπιδος Ἀφροδίτας ἄρουραν ἤ Χαρίτων ἀναπολίζομεν P. 6.1
εἰρήσεταί που κἀν βραχίστοις. ἄραντο γὰρ νίκας ἀπὸ παγκρατίου I. 6.60
e introduces an explanation of particular words.Καδμεῖοί νιν οὐκ ἀέκοντες ἄνθεσι μείγνυον, Αἰγίνας ἕκατι. φίλοισι γὰρ φίλος ἐλθὼν ξένιον ἄστυ κατέδρακεν N. 4.22
ἄπιστον ἔειπ (= ἔειπα).αἰδὼς γὰρ ὑπὸ κρύφα κέρδει κλέπτεται, ἃ φέρει δόξαν N. 9.33
ἕκαλος ἔπειμι γῆρας ἔς τε τὸν μόρσιμον αἰῶνα. θνᾴσκομεν γὰρ ὁμῶς ἅπαντες. δαίμων δ' ἄισος I. 7.42
οὐ κό]ρῳ ἀλλ' ἀρετᾷ. [ γ]ὰρ ἁρπαζομένων τεθνάμεν [[βρεϝεμαξρ] χρη]μάτων ἢ κακὸν ἔμμεναι (supp. Lobel) fr. 169. 16.f introduces an explanation of something not directly expressed. στρατὸν ἀκρόσοφόν τε καὶ αἰχματὰν ἀφίξεσθαι· τὸ γὰρ ἐμφυὲς οὔτ' αἴθων ἀλώπηξ οὔτ ἐρίβρομοι λέοντες διαλλάξαιντο ἦθος i. e. they are unable to behave in another way for... O. 11.19 Χαρίτων μή με λίποι καθαρὸν φέγγος. Αἰγίνᾳ τε γάρ φαμι πόλιν τάνδ' εὐκλείξαι i. e. they did not leave me in the past for... P. 9.90 Zeus buried Amphiareus before Periklymenos struck him from behind. (He was in full flight.)ἐν γὰρ δαιμονίοισι φόβοις φεύγοντι καὶ παῖδες θεῶν N. 9.27
His parents' lackof ambition prevented Aristagoras competing in Ol. and Pyth. games. (I would have let him.)ναὶ μὰ γὰρ ὅρκον κάλλιον ἂνδηριώντωνἐνόστησ' ἀντιπάλων N. 11.24
They won in different events. (but not in the pentathlon)οὐ γὰρ ἦν πενταέθλιον I. 1.26
χρὴ δὲ πᾶν ἔρδοντ' ἀμαυρῶσαι τὸν ἐχθρόν. (Melissos had to use all means possible.)οὐ γὰρ φύσιν ὠαριωνείαν ἔλαχεν I. 4.49
esp. after voc., Ζεῦ· τεαὶ γὰρ ὧραι i. e. on you I call O. 4.1 cf. O. 12.3, O. 14.5Φοῖβε, ἐθελήσαις ταῦτα νόῳ τιθέμεν, ἐκ θεῶν γὰρ μαχαναὶ πᾶσαι P. 1.41
Ζεῦ, τεὸν γὰρ αἷμα, σέο δ' ἀγών N. 3.65
g introduces explanation in parenthesis.ἀλλ' ὅμως, κρέσσον γὰρ οἰκτιρμοῦ φθόνος, μὴ παρίει καλά P. 1.85
ὁ γὰρ καιρὸς πρὸς ἀνθρώπων βραχὺ μέτρον ἔχει P. 4.286
ἀλλὰ χαλκὸν μυρίον οὐ δυνατὸν ἐξελέγχειν, μακροτέρας γὰρ ἀριθμῆσαι σχολᾶς, ὅν τε N. 10.46
Ἀμύκλαθεν γὰρ ἔβα N. 11.34
h introduces the answer to a preceding question.τί μάλα τοῦτο κερδαλέον τελέθει; ἅτε γὰρ ἐννάλιον πόνον ἐχοίσας βαθὺ σκευᾶς ἑτέρας, ἀβάπτιστος εἶμι P. 2.79
cf. O. 6.8ἐπεὶ τίνα πάτραν, τίνα οἶκον ναίων ὀνυμάξεαι ἐπιφανέστερον Ἑλλάδι πυθέσθαι; πάσαισι γὰρ πολίεσι λόγος ὁμιλεῖ Ἑρεχθέος ἀστῶν P. 7.9
τί ἔλπεαι σοφίαν ἔμμεν, ἃν ὀλίγον τοὶ ἀνὴρ ὑπὲρ ἀνδρὸς ἴσχει; οὐ γὰρ ἔσθ' ὅπως τὰ θεῶν βουλεύματ ἐρευνάσει fr. 61. 3.i introducing a question, progressive. τίς γὰρ ἱππείοις ἐν ἔντεσσιν μέτρα ἐπέθηκ; O. 13.20 cf. P. 4.70k fragg. ἐπικράνοισι γὰρ fr. 6b. d. ἀριστεύοντα γὰρ ἐν fr. 6b. e. ἦν γὰρ τὸ πάροιθε fr. 33d. 1.τῶν γὰρ ἀντομένων[ Pae. 2.42
]γὰρ ἐπῆν πόνος[ Pae. 8.88
]σοφίᾳ γὰρ Pae. 14.40
]α μὲν γὰρ εὔχομαι Pae. 16.3
]ἔσσεται γὰρ ἁδυ[ Pae. 21.13
ἀιὼν γὰρ Pae. 22.8
]γὰρ εὔχομαι. Δ. 1. 1. ]θαμὰ γὰρ οἰκόθεν[ Δ. 4h. 11. τὸ γὰρ πρὶν γενέ[σθαι Παρθ. 1. 2. ]ι γὰρ ὁ [Λοξ]ίας Παρθ. 2. 3. προβάτων γὰρ *fr. 104b. 1. νομάδεσσι γὰρ ἐν Σκύθαις fr. 105b. 1. πάντων γὰρ fr. 140a. 54 (28). ] γάρ σε fr. 140a. 60 (34). κεῖνοι γάρ τ' ἄνοσοι καὶ ἀγήραοι fr. 143. 1. ὁ γὰρ ἔπαινος *fr. 181* ]εν γὰρ, Ἄπολλον[ fr. 215. 8. νικώμενοι γὰρ (v. l. δέ) fr. 229. ] οντι γὰρ ανα[ ?fr. 333a. 15. ] εὔφρων γὰρ[ P. Oxy. 1792. fr. 41. οὐ γὰρ εικ[ P. Oxy. 2442. fr. 68.2 εἰ γάρ if only, introducing wish. — “εἰ γὰρ οἴκοι νιν βάλε, αἷμά οἱ κείναν λάβε ἄπειρον” P. 4.43 with apodosis suppressed.εἰ γὰρ ὁ πᾶς χρόνος ὄλβον μὲν οὕτω καὶ κτεάνων δόσιν εὐθύνοι P. 1.46
εἰ γάρ σφισιν ἐμπεδοσθενέα βίοτον ἁρμόσαις ἥβᾳ λιπαρῷ τε γήραι διαπλέκοις εὐδαίμον' ἐόντα N. 7.98
3 combined with other particles.a καὶ γάρ, καὶ γάρ.I for the fact is, emphasising the explanation.ταχέες ἔβαν· καὶ γὰρ ἑκὼν θυμῷ γελανεῖ θᾶσσον ἔντυνεν βασιλεὺς ἀνέμων P. 4.181
ἔλπομαι δ' τὸν Ἱπποκλέαν θαητὸν ἐν ἅλιξι θησέμεν ἐν καὶ παλαιτέροις, νέαισίν τε παρθένοισι μέλημα. καὶ γὰρ ἑτέροις ἑτέρων ἕρωτες ἔκνιξαν φρένας P. 10.59
καί τινα φᾶσέ νιν δώσειν μόρῳ· καὶ γὰρ βελέων ὑπὸ ῥιπαῖσι κείνου φαιδίμαν γαίᾳ πεφύρσεσθαι κόμαν ἔνεπεν N. 1.67
ἀθανάτοις Αἰνησιδάμου παῖδες ἐν τιμαῖς ἔμιχθεν. καὶ γὰρ οὐκ ἀγνῶτες ὑμῖν ἐντὶ δόμοι οὔτε κώμων οὔτε μελικόμπων ἀοιδᾶν I. 2.30
νόμισαν χρυσὸν ἄνθρωποι περιώσιον ἄλλων. καὶ γὰρ ἐριζόμεναι νᾶες ἐν πόντῳ καὶ λτ;ὑφγτ; ἅρμασιν ἵπποι διὰ τεάν, ὤνασσα, τιμὰν θαυμασταὶ πέλονται I. 5.4
ἀνορέας ἐπέτρεψας ἕκατισαόφρονος. καὶ γὰρ ὁ πόντιος Ὀρς[ιτ]ρίαινά νιν περίαλλα βροτῶν τίεν Pae. 9.47
καὶ γὰρ:καὶ τοὶ γὰρ αἰθοίσας ἔχοντες σπέρμ' ἀνέβαν φλογὸς οὔ O. 7.48
II where the καί goes closely with what follows, and is emphatic, also, even. “καὶ γὰρ σέ, τὸν οὐ θεμιτὸν ψεύδει θιγεῖν, ἔτραπε μείλιχος ὀργὰ” P. 9.42καὶ γὰρ αὐτά, ποσσὶν ἄπεπλος ὀρούσαισ' ἀπὸ στρωμνᾶς, ὅμως ἄμυνεν ὕβριν κνωδάλων N. 1.50
καὶ γὰρ ἐν ἀγαθέᾳ χεῖρας ἱμάντι δεθεὶς Πυθῶνι κράτησεν Καλλίας N. 6.34
καὶ γάρ:καὶ Νεμέᾳ γὰρ ὁμῶς ἐρέω ταύταν χάριν O. 8.56
γ. introduces example, yes and, and furtherκαὶ γὰρ Ἀλκμήνας O. 7.27
καὶ γὰρ βιατὰς Ἄρης P. 1.10
μὴ φθόνει κόμπον τὸν ἐοικότ' ἀοιδᾷ κιρνάμεν ἀντὶ πόνων. καὶ γὰρ ἡρώων ἀγαθοὶ πολεμισταὶ λόγον ἐκέρδαναν I. 5.26
b introducing double reason.Iτε γὰρ δέ. κακολόγοι δὲ πολῖται· ἴσχει τε γὰρ ὄλβος οὐ μείονα φθόνον· ὁ δὲ χαμηλὰ πνέων ἄφαντον βρέμει P. 11.29
IIμὲν γὰρ δέ. Ὀλυμπίᾳ μὲν γὰρ αὐτὸς γέρας ἔδεκτο, Πυθῶνι δ O. 2.48
τὸ μὲν γὰρ πατρόθεν τὸ δ' ματρόθεν O. 7.23
πολλοῖσι μὲν γὰρ ἀείδεται. τὰ δὲ καὶ ἀνδράσιν ἐμπρέπει P. 8.25
cf. frag. Pae. 16.3IIIμὲν γὰρ ἀλλά. ῥᾴδιον μὲν γὰρ πόλιν σεῖσαι. ἀλλ' ἐπὶ χώρας αὖτις ἕσσαι δυσπαλὲς δὴ γίνεται P. 4.272
c γὰρ ὦν, looking to what follows, of course, but thenἐσσὶ γὰρ ὦν σοφός· οὐκ ἄγνωτ' ἀείδω Ἰσθμίαν ἵπποισι νίκαν I. 2.12
d γάρ τοι emphasising general validity of the reason.τὶν δὲ μοῖρ' εὐδαιμονίας ἕπεται. λαγέταν γάρ τοι τύραννον δέρκεται ὁ μέγας πότμος P. 3.85
I pray to Aiakos as I make this offering to the victors.σὺν θεῷ γάρ τοι φυτευθεὶς ὄλβος ἀνθρώποισι παρμονώτερος N. 8.17
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10 κελεύω
Aκέλευον Il.23.767
: [tense] fut. [suff] κελεύς-σω, [dialect] Ep. inf. -σέμεναι Od. 4.274
: [tense] aor. ἐκέλευσα, [dialect] Ep. κέλ- Il.20.4: [tense] pf.κεκέλευκα Lys.1.34
, Luc. Demon.44:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor.ἐκελευσάμην Hp.Nat.Puer.13
: more freq. in compds. δια-, ἐπι-, παρα-κελεύομαι (q.v.):—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. - ευσθήσομαι D.C.68.9: [tense] aor.ἐκελεύσθην Hdt.7.9
.ά, S.OC 738, Th.7.70: [tense] pf.κεκέλευσμαι X.Cyr.8.3.14
, Luc.Sacr.11: [tense] plpf.ἐκεκέλευστο D.C.78.4
( ἐκελεύθην v.l. in Hdt.7.9.ά, andκεκέλευμαι IG22.1121.13
(iv A.D.), v.l. in App.BC5.141 are later forms). (A lengthd. form of κέλομαι, q.v.):—prop. urge, drive on, [ἵππους] ὁ γέρων ἐφέπων μάστιγι κέλευε.. κατὰ ἄστυ Il.24.326
: hence, exhort, bid,1 c.acc. pers. et inf., order one to do,σ' ἔγωγε.. κελεύω ἐς πληθὺν ἰέναι 17.30
, cf. 2.11, al., Hdt.1.8,24, etc.; ἐκέλευσε τὸν παῖδα περιμεῖναί ἑ κελεῦσαι he bade the lad bid us to wait for him, Pl.R. 327b; ὁ νόμος τὸν ἐπιβουλεύσαντα κελεύει φονέα εἶναι, i.e. bids that he be held guilty, Antipho 4.2.5;ὁ τὸν νόμον κελεύων ἄρχειν δοκεῖ κελεύειν ἄρχειν τὸν θεὸν καὶ τὸν νοῦν Arist. Pol. 1287a29
;ἐς τὴν Μίλητον ἔπεμπον κελεύοντες σφίσι τὸν Ἀστύοχον βοηθεῖν Th.8.38
; request, Lys.16.16; opp. ἐπιτάττειν, IG12.76.33.2 c. acc. pers. et rei,σφῶϊ μὲν οὔ τι κελεύω Il.4.286
; τά με θυμὸς.. κελεύει (sc. εἰπεῖν) 7.68, etc.: with inf. subjoined, τί με ταῦτα κελεύεις.. μάχεσθαι; 20.87.3 c. acc. pers. only, εἰ μὴ θυμός με κελεύοι (sc. φείδεσθαι) Od.9.278; ὥς με κελεύεις (sc. μυθεῖσθαι) 11.507: in Prose, ἐκέλευσε τοὺς ἕνδεκα ἐπὶ τὸν Θηραμένην ordered them [to go] against him, ordered them to seize him, X.HG2.3.54; κ. τινὰς ἐπὶ τὰ ὅπλα ib.20:—[voice] Pass., receive orders, Arist.Pol. 1253b34.4 c.acc. rei only, ὃ μὴ κελεύσαι Ζεύς (Herm. for - σει) A.Eu. 618; :— [voice] Pass., τὸ κελευόμενον commands, orders, Hdt.7.16, Antipho Soph. 61, X.Cyr.4.1.3: pl., Pl.R. 340a.5 c. dat. pers. folld. by inf., urge or order one to do, κηρύκεσσι.. κέλευσε κηρύσσειν .. Il.2.50, Od. 2.6, etc.; ἀλλήλοισι κέλευον ἅπτεσθαι νηῶν .. Il.2.151;ἑτάροισι.. ἐκέλευσα ἐμβαλέειν Od.9.488
: in later Prose, D.S.19.17, Ceb.32.4 codd., Luc.DMort.1.1, Phalar.Ep.121.1, etc.6 rarely c. dat. pers. et acc. rei, τί δ' ἐστὶν ὃ κελεύεις ἐμοί; Men.Pk. 224, cf. Ael.NA 9.1.7 c. dat. pers. only,ἵπποισι καὶ Αὐτομέδοντι κελεύσας Il. 16.684
; cf.infr. 111.8 abs., freq. in Hom.,ὡς σὺ κελεύεις Il.23.96
, al.;λέξω, κελεύεις γάρ A.Ch. 107
; κελεύων, opp. αὐτοχειρίῃ, Democr.260;κελευούσης τῆς Πυθίης Hdt.6.36
;κελεύοντος καὶ δεομένου Lys.5.1
.9 c. inf. only, σιγᾶν κελεύω I order silence, S.Ph. 865;οὐκ ἂν κελεύσαιμ' εὐσεβεῖν Id.Ant. 731
; recommend, propose, Lys. 12.25, D.4.21, etc.; opp. οὐκ ἐάω, Hdt.6.109, X.Ath.2.18.II of inferiors, urge, entreat, Il.24.599, Od.10.17, Hdt.1.116. -
11 κτάομαι
Aκτήσομαι Archil.6.4
, Thgn.200, A.Eu. 289, Th.6.30, Pl.R. 417a, etc. (in pass. sense, Plot.2.9.15, s.v.l.);κεκτήσομαι A.Th. 1022
, E.Ba. 514, Pl.Grg. 467a ( ἐκτήσομαι in La. 192e, and prob. in Emp.110.4): [tense] aor. ἐκτησάμην, [dialect] Ep.κτ-, Od.14.4, Pi.Pae.2.59, etc.: [tense] pf. , etc.,ἔκτημαι Il.9.402
, A.Pr. 795, Hdt.2.44, and sts. in Pl. ( κεκτῄμεθα and ἐκτῆσθαι in following lines, R. 505b, ); [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl.ἐκτέαται Hdt.4.23
; subj.κέκτωμαι Isoc.3.49
, Pl. Lg. 936b; opt. κεκτῄμην, ῇτο, ib. 731c, 742e, codd.: [tense] plpf.ἐκεκτήμην And.1.74
, 4.41, Lys.2.17, etc.; poet. ; [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl.ἔκτηντο Hdt.2.108
; [dialect] Att. [ per.] 1pl. ἐκτήμεθα f.l. in And.3.37: for [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. [voice] Pass., v. infr. 111.I [tense] pres., [tense] impf., [tense] fut., and [tense] aor.,1 procure for oneself, get, acquire, , etc.; [ οἰκῆας] Od.l.c.;γῆν A.Eu.
l.c., cf. Pers. 770; of horses, win (as a prize), Pi.N.9.52; κτήσασθαι βίον ἀπό τινος to get one's living from a thing, Hdt.8.106; win favour, and the like , χάριν ἀπό τινος, ἔκ τινος, S.Tr. 471, Ph. 1370;παρά τινος X. Smp.4.43
;τὴν εὔνοιαν τὴν παρὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων Isoc.5.68
; κ. φίλους, ἑταίρους, S.Aj. 1360, E.Or. 804 (troch.); , cf. S.OT 1499, Hdt.8.105; , cf. Supp. 225;πολλάκις δοκεῖ τὸ φυλάξαι τἀγαθὰ τοῦ κτήσασθαι χαλεπώτερον εἶναι D.1.23
.b of consequences, bring upon oneself,αὑτῷ θάνατον S.Aj. 968
; incur, θεᾶς ὀργήν ib. 777; ; ;ἔχθραν πρός τινα Th.1.42
; δυσσέβειαν κ. get a name for impiety, S.Ant. 924;κακὸν λόγον πρὸς ἀστῶν E.Heracl. 166
, cf. IT 676;ἐκ τῶν πόνων τὰς ἀρετὰς κ. Th.1.123
.c κ. τινὰς πολεμίους make them so, X.An.5.5.17; .2 procure or get for another,ἐμοὶ δ' ἐκτήσατο κεῖνος Od.20
. 265;μέγαν τέκνοις πλοῦτον ἐκτήσω A.Pers. 755
(troch.), cf. X. Oec.15.1.II in [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf. with [tense] fut. κεκτήσομαι, to have acquired, i.e. possess, hold (opp. χρῆσθαι, Pl.Euthd. 28od),οὐδ' ὅσα φασὶν Ἴλιον ἐκτῆσθαι Il.9.402
, cf. X. Cyr.8.3.46, Pl.Phdr. 260b;ὅπλα μὴ ἐκτῆσθαι Hdt.1.155
, cf. S.Ph. 778;στρατὸν πλεῖστον ἐκτημένοι Hdt.7.161
;κοινὸν ὄμμ' ἐκτημέναι A.Pr. 795
; φωνὴν βάρβαρον κεκτ. Id.Ag. 1051;κεκτ. τινὰ σύμμαχον E.Ba. 1343
;κ. κάλλος X.Smp.1.8
; ;τέχνην Lys.24.6
; ποίησιν to be master of it, Pl.Lg. 829c: dub. in [tense] aor., ἀγορὰς κτησάμενοι having market-places, Hdt.1.153 (leg. στησάμενοι): with impers. subject, πραγμάτων ἀγῶνας κεκτημένων involving effort, Epicur.Sent.21:—the diff.between [tense] pres. and [tense] pf. appears from X.Mem.1.6.3, ἃ [χρήματα] καὶ κτωμένους εὐφραίνει καὶ κεκτημένους.. ποιεῖ ζῆν: later, [tense] pres. in [tense] pf. sense, Ev.Luc.18.12.c have in store, opp. ἔχω, have in hand, ready for use,ἔχων τε καὶ κεκτημένος.. κακά S.Ant. 1278
; . cf. Tht. 197b, 198d, Cra. 393b; κ. ἱμάτιον own, opp. ἔχειν (wear), Id.Tht. 197b.d abs., to be a property-owner,τῶν ἐκτημένων ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ SIG633.73
(Milet., ii B.C.), cf. 888.15 (iii A.D.).2 ὁ κεκτημένος owner, master (esp. of slaves), as Subst., Ar.Pl.4, etc.;οἱ κ. A.Supp. 337
; of a husband, E.IA 715; ἡ κεκτημένη my mistress, S. Fr. 762, Ar.Ec. 1126, Men.Pk.61, al., cf. Phryn.Com.48.III [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Pass. ἐκτήθην in pass. sense, to be gotten,ἃ ἐκτήθη Th.1.123
, 2.36; to be obtained as property, (lyr.), cf. D.H.10.27, etc.: [tense] fut.κτηθήσομαι LXX Je.39
(32).43. ([voice] Act. κτάω very late, PLond.1.77 (vi A.D.).)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κτάομαι
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12 λύω
λύω, poet. imper.Aλῦθι Pi.Fr.85
: [tense] fut. λύσω [ῡ] Il.1.29, etc.: [tense] aor.ἔλῡσα 18.244
, etc.: [tense] pf.λέλῠκα Th.7.18
, Ar.V. 992 ( ἀπο-), etc.:— [voice] Pass., [tense] pf.λέλῠμαι Il.8.103
, etc.: [tense] plpf. ἐλελύμην [ῠ] Od.22.186, etc.: [tense] aor. ἐλύθην, [dialect] Ep. λύθην [ῠ] 8.360, E.Hel. 860, Th.2.103, etc.: [tense] fut. , Isoc.12.116, etc., also λελύσομαι [ῡ] D.14.2, X. Cyr.6.2.37 ( ἀπο-): [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. λύμην [ῠ] Il.21.80; λύτο [ῠ] ib. 114, butλῦτο 24.1
(at beginning of line, v.l. λύτο);λύντο 7.16
: also [ per.] 3sg. opt. [tense] pf.λελῦτο Od.18.238
:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut.λύσομαι Il.1.13
, etc.: [tense] aor.ἐλυσάμην 14.214
: [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. λέλῦμαι in med. sense, D.36.45, Arist.Rh. 1400a22 (cf. δια-, κατα-λύω): [tense] fut. λύσομαι in pass. sense, ( δια-) Th.2.12, ( ἐπι-) Lys.25.33 codd. ( καταλύσεσθαι edd.), ( κατα-) X.Cyr.1.6.9.—Homer uses all tenses exc. [tense] pf. [voice] Act., [tense] pres. and [tense] fut. [voice] Pass. [In [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. [pron. full] ῡ always in [dialect] Att., [pron. full] ῠ mostly in [dialect] Ep., though Hom. has [pron. full] ῡ twice,ἔλῡεν Il.23.513
, λῡει Od.7.74; also in compds.,ἀλλῡεσκεν 2.105
, ἀλλῡουσαν ib. 109: in [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. 1 [pron. full] ῡ always: in other tenses [pron. full] ῠ always, exc. in the forms λελῦτο, λῦτο (v. supr.).] (Cf. Lat. luo (pay), re-luo, solvo (for se-luo), solūtus, etc.):— loosen:I of things, unbind, unfasten, esp. clothes and armour, λῦσε δέ οἱ ζωστῇρα, θώρηκα, Il.4.215, 16.804; λ. παρθενίην ζώνην loose the maiden-girdle, of the husband after marriage, Od. 11.245; of the wife,λύοι χαλινὸν ὑφ' ἥρωϊ παρθενίας Pi.I.8(7).48
; ; soἔλυσας.. ἅγνευμα σόν Id.Tr. 501
; freq. of the tackling of ships, λ. πρυμνήσια, ἱστία, λαῖφος, etc., Od.2.418, 15.496, 552, h.Ap. 406, etc. (never in Il.); λ. πρύμνας, νεῶν πόδα, E.Hec. 539, 1020, etc.: abs., λύειν, of ships, set sail,λῦε, κυβερνήτα APl.1.6
*.9 ([place name] Panteleus); ἀσκὸν λ. untie a skin (used as a bag), Od.10.47: freq. in Trag., λ. στολάς, πέπλον, S.OC 1597, Tr. 924; λ. ἡνίαν slacken the rein, Id.El. 743; κλῄθρων λυθέντων when the gates have been opened, A.Th. 396; λ. γράμματα, δέλτον, open a letter, E.IA38 (anap.), 307; λ. πέδας, δεσμά, A.Eu. 645 ([voice] Pass.), E.HF 1123; ; ἀρτάνας.. δέρης ἔλυσαν loosed it from my neck, ib. 876, cf. E.Hipp. 781:—[voice] Med., ἀπὸ στήθεσφιν ἐλύσατο κεστὸν ἱμάντα undid her belt, Il.14.214; but λύοντο τεύχεα they undid the armour for themselves, i.e. stripped it off (others), 17.318; later λυσαμένα πλοκαμῖδας unbinding her hair, Bion 1.20, etc.b in various phrases, στόμα λ. open the mouth, E.Hipp. 1060, Isoc.12.96;γλώσσας λ. εἰς αἰσχροὺς μύθους Critias 6.9
D.; λ. βλεφάρων ἕδραν wake up, E.Rh.8 (anap.); λ. ὀφρύν unfold the brow, Id.Hipp. 290;λ. ἄχος ἀπ' ὀμμάτων S.Aj. 706
(lyr.), etc.2 of living beings,a of horses, etc., unyoke, unharness, opp. ζεύγνυμι, Od.4.35; ἐξ ὀχέων, ὑπὲξ ὀχέων, Il.5.369,8.504;ὑφ' ἅρμασιν 18.244
;ὑπὸ ζυγοῦ Od.4.39
:ὑπὸ ζυγόφιν Il.24.576
;ὑπ' ἀπήνης Od.7.6
(also in [voice] Med., μὴ.. ὑπ' ὄχεσφι λυώμεθα μώνυχας ἵππους unyoke our horses, Il. 23.7; ); λύε μώνυχας ἵππους loosed them, Il.10.498; λ. κύνα let him loose, X.Cyn.6.13, etc.b of men, release, deliver, esp. from bonds or prison, and so, generally, from difficulty or danger, Il.15.22, Od.8.345, 12.53, D.24.206, etc.; ὁ λύσων he that shall deliver, A.Pr. 771, 785: c. gen. rei,τὸν.. θεοὶ κακότητος ἔλυσαν Od.5.397
, cf. Pi.P.3.50, etc.;λ. τινὰ δεσμῶν A.Pr. 1006
; ;τὼ.. ἐκ δεσμοῖο λύθεν Od.8.360
, cf. Pi.O.4.23, A.Pr. 873, E.Hipp. 1244, Pl.R. 360c; also λ. δόμους ἁβρότατος rob the house of.., Pi.P.11.34; λ. τινὰ τῆς ἀρχῆς depose him from.., D.S.13.92:—[voice] Med., prop. get one loosed or set free,λύσασθαί τινα δυσφροσυνάων Hes.Th. 528
;ὅσπερ Ἰὼ πημονᾶς ἐλύσατο A.Supp. 1065
(lyr.):—[voice] Pass.,λυθῆναι τὰς πέδας D.S.17.116
; λέλυται γὰρ λαὸς ἐλεύθερα βάζειν, ὡς ἐλύθη ζυγὸν ἀλκᾶς has been let loose to speak, since the yoke was loosed, A.Pers. 592 (lyr.).c of prisoners, release on receipt of ransom, admit to ransom, release, Il.1.29, 24.137, 555, etc.;λ. τινά τινι 1.20
, 24.561, Od.10.298; Σαρπηδόνος ἔντεα καλὰ λύσειαν would give them up, Il.17.163; in full,λ. τινὰ ἀποίνων 11.106
;χρημάτων μεγάλων Hdt.2.135
([voice] Pass.);ἀνὴρ ἀντ' ἀνδρὸς λυθείς Th.5.3
:—[voice] Med., release by payment of ransom, get a person released, redeem, Il.1.13, 24.118, al., Od.10.284, 385, Pl.Mx. 243c, D.19.229;λύσασθαί τινας ἐκ πολεμίων Lys.12.20
;ἵππον X.An.7.8.6
;ὅσους αὐτὸς ἐλυσάμην τῶν αἰχμαλώτων D.19.169
;λ. τινὶ τὸ χωρίον Id.50.28
; ἑαυτοὺς λ. pay their own ransom, Id.19.169; buy from a pimp, Ar.V. 1353.d λελύσθαι τῶν νόμων, = Lat. legibus solvi, D.C.53.18.II resolve a whole into its parts, dissolve, break up, λ. ἀγορήν dissolve the assembly, Il.1.305;ἀγορὰς ἠμὲν λύει ἠδὲ καθίζει Od.2.69
, etc.:—[voice] Pass.,λῦτο δ' ἀγών Il.24.1
;μὴ λυθείη ἡ στρατιά X.Cyr.6.1.2
; πρὶν <ἂν>.. ἡ ἀγορὰ ( market)λυθῇ Id.Oec. 12.1
;λυθείσης τῆς συνουσίας Plb.5.15.3
.2 of concrete objects, σπάρτα λέλυνται, i. e. have rotted, Il.2.135;ῥαφαὶ δ' ἐλέλυντο ἱμάντων Od.22.186
; λ. τὴν σχεδίην break it up, Hdt.4.97; [ τὴν γέφυραν] X. An.2.4.17; τὴν ἀπόφραξιν ib.4.2.25.3 esp. of physical strength, loosen, i. e. weaken, relax, λῦσε δὲ γυῖα made his limbs slack or loose, i. e. killed him, Il.4.469, al.;ὅς τοι γούνατ' ἔλυσα 22.335
; , etc.;ἀλλά οἱ αὖθι λῦσε μένος 16.332
;πέλεκυς λῦσεν.. βοὸς μένος Od.3.450
, cf. Il.17.29; but οἵ μοι καμάτῳ.. γούνατ' ἔλυσαν made my knees weak with toil, Od.20.118:—[voice] Pass., λύντο δὲ γυῖα, etc., as the effect of death, sleep, weariness, fear, Il. 7.16, etc.;καμάτῳ φίλα γυῖα λέλυντο 13.85
, cf. Od.8.233;αὐτοῦ λύτο γούνατα καὶ φίλον ἦτορ Il.21.114
, 425;λύθη ψυχή τε μένος τε 5.296
, etc.;λύθεν δέ οἱ ἅψεα πάντα Od.4.794
, 18.189;λέλυται γυίων ῥώμη A.Pers. 913
(anap.);λύεται δέ μου μέλη E.Hec. 438
;λέλυμαι μελέων σύνδεσμα Id.Hipp. 199
(anap.).b λύει βλέφαρα closes her eyes in sleep, S.Ant. 1302.c metaph.,λ. τὴν ἐν ταῖς ψυχαῖς πρὸς μάχην παρασκευήν X.HG7.5.22
.4 undo, bring to naught, destroy,πολίων κάρηνα Il.9.25
;Τροίης κρήδεμνα 16.100
, Od.13.388, cf. B.Fr.16.7: generally, put an end to,νείκεα Il.14.205
;μελεδήματα 23.62
;ἔριν E.Ph.81
, AP9.316.12 (Leon.);πόλεμον Th.5.31
;ἐπιμομφάν Pi.O.10(11).9
;μέμψιν Democr.271
; ; φόβον καὶ τὴν ὑποψίαν Polystr.p.7 W., cf. Epicur.Sent.12; ;ἀνάγκας E.Supp.39
; βίον, i.e. die, Id.IT 692; αἰῶν' ἔλυσε, i.e. died, B.1.43;λ. τὸ τέλος βίον S.OC 1720
(lyr.); μαχας Ar. Pax 991 (anap.);νοσήματα Diocl.Fr.35
([voice] Pass.), cf. Gal.6.476;κόπους Dsc.Eup.1.220
; forgive,ἁμαρτήματα LXXJb.42.9
.b in Prose, λ. νόμους repeal or annul laws, Hdt.3.82, D.3.10, Arist.Pol. 1269a15; οὐθὲν τῶν περὶ τὴν πολιτείαν ib. 1298b31;λ. ψήφῳ τὸ παράνομον Aeschin. 3.197
([voice] Pass.), etc.;ἐπεὶ ἐκεῖνοι ἔλυσαν τὰς σπονδὰς λελύσθαι μοι δοκεῖ ἡ ἐκείνων ὕβρις καὶ ἡ ἡμετέρα ὑποψία X.An.3.1.21
; rescind a vote,ψῆφον λύει ὁ νόμος D.24.2
; revoke a will,διαθήκην Is.6.33
, etc. (but in [voice] Pass., to be opened, of a will, POxy.715.19 (ii A. D.), etc.); unbind a spell, Iamb.Myst.3.27:—[voice] Pass., λέλυται πάντα all ties are broken, all is in confusion, D.25.25.c as a technical term, solve a difficulty, a problem, a question,λύεται ἡ ἀπορία Pl.Prt. 324e
, al.;λ. ζήτημα Gal.6.436
.f λ. τὴν φάσιν, of the Moon, pass out of, Vett. Val.134.1, cf. 2.5 break a legal agreement or obligation,τὸν νόμον Hdt.6.106
;τὰς σπονδάς Th.1.23
, 78, cf. 4.23, al.;τὰ συγκείμενα Lys.6.41
; σίς κε τὰς ϝρήτας τάσδε λύση whoso breaks this agreement, Inscr.Cypr.135.29 H.6 in physical sense, dissolve, λύθεν, opp. πάγεν, Emp.15.4; τὸ θερμὸν λύει, opp. πήγνυσι, Arist.Mete. 384b11, cf. 382b33 ([voice] Pass.);ἀμμωνιακὸν ὄξει λύσας Gal.11.106
; melt,παγείσας χιόνας Hdn.8.4.2
;τι πυρὶ λ. Hippiatr.52
.7 of medicines,λ. τὴν κοιλίαν Arist.Pr. 863b29
, cf. Hp.Acut.(Sp.)38, Diocl.Fr.140; so of the effects of terror, Arist.Pr. 877a32 ([voice] Pass.).IV atone for, make up for,τὰς πρότερον ἁμαρτίας Ar.Ra.
691;λύσων ὅσ' ἐξήμαρτον S.Ph. 1224
;λ. φόνον φόνῳ Id.OT 101
, E. Or. 511;αἱ πρόσοδοι λύουσι τἀναλώματα Diph.32.5
:—[voice] Med.,τῶν πάλαι πεπραγμένων λύσασθ' αἷμα.. δίκαις A.Ch. 804
(lyr.).V μισθὸν λύειν pay wages in full, quit oneself of them, used only in cases of obligation, X.Ages.2.31.2 τέλη λύειν, = λυσιτελεῖν, pay, profit. avail, ἔνθα μὴ τέλη λύει φρονοῦντι where it boots not to be wise, S.OT 316: but more freq. λύει without τέλη, construed like λυσιτελεῖ, abs.,λύει δ' ἄλγος E.Med. 1362
, cf. PSI4.400.16: c. dat. pers., , cf.Hipp. 441: c. inf., πῶς οὖν λύει.. ἐπιβάλλειν; Id.Med. 1112 (anap.); ἐμοί τελύειτοῖσιμέλλουσιν τέκνοις τὰ ζῶντ' ὀνῆσαι it is good for me to benefit my living children by means of those to come, ib. 566; (ii B.C.): c. acc. et inf., λύει γὰρ ἡμᾶς οὐδέν, οὐδ' ἐπωφελεῖ,.. θανεῖν it is not expedient that we should die ( οὐδ' ἐπωφελεῖ being parenthetic), S.El. 1005;οὐ γάρ με λύει.. κακορροθεῖσθαι E.Sthen.Prol.35
; cf. λυσιτελέω. -
13 οὐκοῦν
A like οὔκουν, of οὐκ and οὖν, but differing in meaning and accent, cf. A.D. Conj.257.18sqq., Hdn.Gr.1.516, Phryn.PSp.98B.I in questions, inviting assent to an inference, or to an addition to what has already received assent, οὐκοῦν δοκεῖ σοι .. ; you think then, do you not, that.. ? X.Cyr.2.4.15, Mem.1.4.5, cf. 4.2.20, Pl.Prt. 332b, 360b-d, Cra. 416c, etc.: with hortatory subj., οὐκοῦν καὶ ἄλλους σε φῶμεν δυνατὸν εἶναι ποιεῖν (sc. ῥήτορας ἀγαθούς) ; Id.Grg. 449b: folld. by οὐ when a neg. answer is invited, ;Id.
Phlb. 43d, cf. Phd. 105e; ;D.
16.4.II in affirm. sentences, surely then,οὐκοῦν, εἰ ταῦτα ἀληθῆ, πολλὴ ἐλπὶς ἀφικομένῳ οἷ ἐγὼ πορεύομαι Pl.Phd. 67b
: with subj. or imper., οὐκοῦν διδάσκωμεν αὐτόν, ἀλλὰ μὴ λοιδορῶμεν let us teach him, then, Id.La. 195a; οὐκοῦν.. ἱκανῶς ἐχέτω let this then suffice, Id.Phdr. 274b, cf. 278b, Luc.DMort.23.3;οὐκοῦν ἂν ἤδη.. λέγοι Ar. Pax43
: with a prohibition,οὐκοῦν μὴ.. αὐτομολήσῃς Aeschin.1.159
; οὐκοῦν ὑπόλοιπον δουλεύειν slavery, then, is the only alternative, D.8.59.2 in replies, very well, yes, ἴωμεν .. Answ.οὐκοῦν ἐπειδὰν πνεῦμα τοὐκ πρῴρας ἀνῇ, τότε στελοῦμεν S.Ph. 639
; ἀμηχάνων ἐρᾷς. Answ.οὐκοῦν, ὅταν δὴ μὴ σθένω, πεπαύσομαι Id.Ant.91
; ἥξει γὰρ αὐτά, κἂν ἐγὼ σιγῇ στέγω. Answ. ; ἀπόλωλας, ὦ κακόδαιμον. Answ. ; ἴθι δὴ σκεψώμεθα .. Answ. οὐκοῦν χρή yes, let us do so, Pl.Plt. 289d, cf. 287c, Sph. 254d; surely, ;οὐκοῦν κλεινὴ καὶ ἔπαινον ἔχουσ'.. ἀπέρχῃ S.Ant. 817
(anap.). -
14 σκοπός
A one that watches, one that looks about or after things,παρὰ δὲ σκοπὸν εἷσεν Il.23.359
; γυναικῶν δμῳάων σ. ἐσσι, of a housekeeper, Od. l.c.: in Pi., of gods and kings, c. gen. loci, guardian, protector, Ὀλύμπου ς. O.1.54;Δάλου 6.59
; Μαγνήτων ς., of Peleus, N.5.27;τὸν ὑψόθεν σ., φύλακα βροτῶν A.Supp. 381
(lyr.); alsoσκοποὶ τῶν εἰρημένων S.Ant. 215
.2 mostly, lookout-man, watcher, stationed in some high place ([etym.] σκοπιά) to overlook a country, esp. in war, Il.2.792, Od.16.365, X.Cyr.3.2.1, 4.1.1, etc.; henceἨέλιον.. θεῶν σ. ἠδὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν h.Cer.62
: also, game-watcher, X.Cyr. 1.6.40.3 spy, scout, Il.10.324, 526, 561 (later κατάσκοπος)σ. καὶ κατοπτῆρας στρατοῦ ἔπεμψα A.Th.36
, cf. E.Tr. 956; of a messenger who has been sent to learn tidings, S.OC35, cf. Ph. 125;σκοπός, ναῶν κατόπτας E.Rh. 557
(lyr.).II mark or object on which one fixes the eye,σκοπὸν ἄλλον, ὃν οὔ πώ τις βάλεν ἀνήρ, εἴσομαι αἴ κε τύχωμι Od.22.6
; ἀπὸ σκοποῦ away from the mark, 11.344; ἀπὸ σ. εἰρηκέναι, εἰρῆσθαι, Pl.Tht. 179c, X.Smp.2.10;παρὰ σκοπόν Pi.O.13.94
; σκοπῷ ἐπέχειν τόξον to aim at it, ib.2.89;σκοποῦ ἄντα τυχεῖν Id.N.6.27
;ἔκυρσας ὥστε τοξότης.. σκοποῦ A.Ag. 628
;ὥστε τοξόται σκοποῦ, τοξεύετ' ἀνδρὸς τοῦδε S.Ant. 1033
; ;ἐπὶ σκοπὸν βάλλειν X.Cyr.1.6.29
;παραλλάξαι τοῦ σ. καὶ ἁμαρτεῖν Pl.Tht. 194a
;ἀποτυγχάνω τοῦ σκοποῦ Id.Lg. 744a
.2 metaph., aim, end, object,οὗτος.. δοκεῖ ὁ σ. εἶναι πρὸς ὃν βλέποντα δεῖ ζῆν Id.Grg. 507d
;τὴν ἡδονὴν σ. ὀρθὸν πᾶσι ζῴοις γεγονέναι Id.Phlb. 60a
;στοχάζεσθαι σκοποῦ Id.R. 519c
;σ. τυραννικὸς τὸ ἡδύ Arist.Pol. 1311a4
, etc.; σκοπός.. nihil praebere 'his little game' is to make no allowance, Cic.Att. 15.29.2, cf. Arg. 11 Ar.Eq.b Medic., of healing, ἐπὶ τῷ πρώτῳ ς. by first intention (i.e. direct union), κατὰ δεύτερον ς. by second intention (i.e. granulation or scar tissue), Gal.1.387, cf. 10.162. -
15 σφάλλω
Aσφᾰλῶ Th.7.67
: [tense] aor. 1 ἔσφηλα, [dialect] Ep.σφῆλα Od.17.464
, [dialect] Dor.ἔσφᾱλα Pi.P.8.15
: but the intrans. , Si.13.22, Am.5.2, opt. σφάλαι ib.Jb. 18.7, are prob. forms of a Hellenistic [tense] aor. 1 Εσφᾰλα (presupposing Εσφᾰλον as ἦλθα presupposes ἦλθον, etc.): [tense] pf.ἔσφαλκα Plb.8.9.2
:— [voice] Pass., [tense] fut.σφᾰλήσομαι S.Tr. 719
, 1113, Th.3.14, etc.; freq. in med. form σφᾰλοῦμαι, S.Fr. 588, X.Smp.2.26: [tense] aor. ἐσφάλην [ᾰ] Alc.Supp. 27.13 (prob.), Hdt.4.140, Th.8.24, etc.; ἐσφάλθην only in Gal.5.62: [tense] pf. , Pl.Cra. 436c: [tense] plpf.ἔσφαλτο Th.7.47
:— make to fall, overthrow, properly by tripping up, trip up in wrestling, ;οὐδ' ἄρα μιν σφῆλεν βέλος Od.17.464
;Ἕκτορα Pi.O.2.81
;ἀλλάλους σφάλλοντι παλαίμασι Theoc.24.112
; [ πώλους] E.Hipp. 1232;γόνυ τινός Id.Heracl. 128
;τινὰ γνύξ A.R.3.1310
;τινὰ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν D.S.14.23
; τὸ μὴ ὑπερπίνειν ἧττον ἂν καὶ σώματα καὶ γνώμας ς. X.Cyr.8.8.10, cf. 1.3.10 ([voice] Pass.); σ. ναῦς throw them on their beam-ends, Plu.Them.14, cf. Polyaen.3.11.13; [ ἵπποι] ἔσφηλαν (gnomic [tense] aor.) τὸν ἀναβάτην throw him, X.Eq.3.9:—[voice] Pass., to be tripped up,Φρυνίχου παλαίσμασιν Ar. Ra. 689
(troch.); of a drunken man, σφαλλόμενος προσέρχεται reeling, staggering, Id.V. 1324, cf. Heraclit. 117;σ. ὑπὸ οἴνου X.Lac.5.7
, cf. AP11.26 (Marc. Arg.);σ. ἵππος Plu.Phil.18
; σ. [ ἱππεύς] is thrown, X. Eq.7.7.II generally, cause to fall, overthrow,βία καὶ μεγάλαυχον ἔσφαλεν Pi.P.8.15
;ἀνθρώπων κακῶν ὁμιλίαι σ. τινά Hdt.7.16
.ά; σμικροὶ λόγοι ἔσφηλαν ἤδη καὶ κατώρθωσαν βροτούς S.El. 416
;σφάλλω.. ὅσοι φρονοῦσιν εἰς ἡμᾶς μέγα E.Hipp.6
; [ὀργὴ] πλεῖστα.. σ. βροτούς Id.Fr.31
; ἡ καταφρόνησις, ἡ ἀπειρία σ. τινά, Th.1.122, 2.87: abs.,ἀτρεκεῖς ἐπιτηδεύσεις φασὶ σφάλλειν πλέον ἢ τέρπειν E.Hipp. 262
(anap.): also of things,ἁμαρτίαι σ. τὴν σωτηρίαν S.Fr. 192
;δειναὶ τύχαι σ. δόμους E.Med. 198
(anap.);σ. τὰς πόλεις Th.3.37
, etc.;σ. δίκαν E.Andr. 780
(lyr.); σφάλλων, name of a throw of the dice, Eub.57.5 (s. v.l.):—[voice] Pass., to be overthrown, fall, esp. of persons falling from high fortunes,σφαλεὶς γὰρ οὐδεὶς εὖ βεβουλεῦσθαι δοκεῖ Chaerem. 26
, cf. S.Tr. 297, 719, E.Fr.262.2, etc.; ἢν σφαλῇ [ ἡ Ἑλλάς] Hdt.7.168; ἢν ἄρα τι σφαλλώμεθα, opp. κατορθοῦν, Th.1.140, cf. Ar. Ra. 736 (troch.), Pl. 351;σφαλλομένους ἐπανορθῶν X.Mem.2.4.6
;ταῖς τύχαις σφάλλεσθαι Th.2.87
, cf. 43; ὑπὸ νόσων, ἐρώτων, μέθης ἐσφαλμένος, Pl.R. 396d; ὑπὸ χρόνων τι ς. suffer from length of time, Id.Lg. 769c: c. dat. modi,σφάλλεσθαι ἀξιόχρεῳ δυνάμει Th.6.10
;τοῖς ἀγῶσι Id.7.61
;τοῖς ὅλοις Plb.1.43.8
: with a Prep.,ἐν τῇ μάχῃ X. HG7.2.2
, cf. Hdt.7.50;τι ἐν τοῖς λόγοις Pl.Grg. 461d
; ;περί τινος Plu.2.164c
: with neut. Adj.,σφάλλεσθαι ἓν μέγα Pl.Lg. 648e
; ἐν τοῖς δικασταῖς, κοὐκ ἐμοί, τόδ' ἐσφάλη this mishap took place by means of.., S.Aj. 1136; οὔ τι μὴ σφαλῶ γ' ἐν σοί I shall not fail in thy business, Id.Tr. 621.III baffle, balk, frustrate, of an oracle, Hdt.7.142;θεὰ ἤδη μ'.. ἔσφηλεν S.Aj. 452
, cf. E.Alc.34 (anap.), Andr. 223; ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ τὴν πόλιν ς. Aeschin.3.125:— [voice] Pass., err, go wrong, be mistaken,κατὰ γνώμην Hdt.7.52
: abs., S.El. 1481, E.IA 1541, etc.; μῶν ἐσφάλμεθ'; am I mistaken? Id.Andr. 896;ἡ ψυχὴ πολλὰ σφάλλεται Isoc.1.32
;γνώμῃ σφαλέντες Th.4.18
; διανοίᾳ ς. Pl.Sph. 229c; so σ. τὴν γνώμην, τὸν λογισμόν, Clearch.23, Plu. Sull.15: c. inf., οὐκ ἂν σφαλείη.. ἑλέσθαι be led astray into choosing, Id.2.711b.2 [voice] Pass. also, c. gen. rei, to be balked of or foiled in a thing, ἦ καὶ πατήρ τι σφάλλεται βουλευμάτων; A.Eu. 717; γάμων, δόξης, τύχης, E.Or. 1078, Med. 1010, Ph. 758;τῆς δόξης Th.4.85
;τοῦ αὐχήματος Id.7.66
, cf. 5.110;οὐκ ἔσφαλται τῆς ἀληθείας Pl.Cra. 436c
;τῶν πραγμάτων ᾗ ἔχει Id.Hp.Mi. 372b
; ἀνδρός lose him, S.Tr. 1113;τοῦ παντός Plu.Brut.20
:— σφάλλειν τινὰ ἀπ' ἐλπίδος cast him down from his hope, Luc.Dem.Enc.29. -
16 ἀνατίθημι
A (Pergam.), etc.:—lay upon, once in Hom.,ἐλεγχείην ἀναθήσει μοι Il.22.100
; ἀ. ἄχθος lay on as a burden, Ar.Eq. 1056 (hex.), cf. X.An.3.1.30;κινδύνους ἰδιώταις ἀ. Hyp.Eux.9
: in good sense,ἀ. κῦδός τινι Pi.O.5.8
. b. [voice] Med., put on board ship, IG5(1).1421 ([place name] Cyparissia).2 in Prose, refer, attribute, a thing to a person,μεγάλα οἱ χρήματα ἀ. Hdt.2.135
; οὐ γὰρ ἄν οἱ πυραμίδα ἀνέθεσαν ποιήσασθαι would not have attributed to her the erection of the pyramid, ib. 134; ; εἰμή, ὅταν.. εὖ πράξητε, ἐμοὶ ἀναθήσετε will give me the credit of it, Th.2.64; ;ἀ. τινὶ τὴν αἰτίαν τινός Isoc.1.37
, Aeschin.2.10; also, compare,τινὰ εἴς τι Eun.Hist.p.261
D. b. ἀ. τινὶ ἅπαντα πράγματα lay them upon him, entrust them to him, Ar.Nu. 1453, Th.8.82.II set up as a votive gift, dedicate, , Pi.O.3.30, Hdt.2.159,7.54, Ar.Pl. 1089, etc.;Ῥήνειαν ἀνέθηκε τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι Th.1.13
;ἀνάθημα ἀνατιθέναι Hdt.1.53
, 2.182;ἀ. τι ἐς Δελφούς Id.1.92
, 2.135, 182, Pl.Phdr. 235d, etc.; less freq.ἐν Δελφοῖς Theopomp.Com.1
D., Plu.Sol.25; dedicate a book, Id.Sull.6; ἀ. τινά set up a statue of.., SIG420 (Delos, iii B.C.); incorrectly of burial, OGI 602 ([place name] Jaffa):— [voice] Pass.,ἀνατεθῆναι Ar.Eq. 849
; cf. ἀνάκειμαι.2 set up, erect, [στήλην] παρὰ βωμόν, νεών, Plb.5.93.10, Plu.Publ.14: metaph., dedicate,μακραγορίαν λύρᾳ Pi.P.8.29
; ἀ. τὰς ἀκοὰς τοῖς ἀκροάμασι give them up to, Plb.23.5.9.III put back, τί γὰρ παρ' ἦμαρ ἡμέρα τέρπειν ἔχει, προσθεῖσα κἀναθεῖσα τοῦ γε κατθανεῖν; pushing us forward or moving us back on the verge of death, S.Aj. 476; cf. B.11.2.B [voice] Med., put upon for oneself,ἀναθέσθαι τὰ σκεύη ἐπὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια X.An.2.2.4
; pack on one's cart, Lys.7.19; τοῖς ὤμοις ἀ. τινά put on one's shoulders, Plu.2.983b; freq. like [voice] Act.,ἀ. τινὰ ἐφ' ἵππον Id.Art. 11
, etc.3 remit, refer, ἀ. περί τινος εἰς σύγκλητον refer the consideration of it to the Senate, Plb.21.46.11, cf. App.Sam.4.II place differently, change about, e.g. the men on a draught-board, ἀνὰ πάντα τιθεσθαι v.l. in Orac. ap. Hdt. 8.77.2 take back a move at πεττοί, Pl.Hipparch. 229e: hence metaph., retract one's opinion, X.Mem.1.2.44, cf.2.4.4; freq. in Pl.,ἀνατίθεσθαι ὅ τι δοκεῖ Pl.Grg. 462a
, cf. Prt. 354e. Chrm. 164d; οὐκ ἀνατίθεμυι μὴ οὐ.. retract and say this is not so, Id.Phd. 87a;οὐκ ἀ. μὴ οὐ καλὼς λέγεσθαι Id.Men. 89d
;ἀνατιθέμενος τὸ διημαρτημένον Luc. Pseudol.29
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀνατίθημι
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17 ἀρκέω
Aἤρκει Il.13.440
, A.Pers. 278: [tense] fut. ἀρκέσω: [tense] aor. ἤρκεσα, [dialect] Dor.ἄρκεσα Pi.O.9.3
:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor. ἠρκεσάμην, [ per.] 2sg. ἠρκέσω dub. in A.Eu. 213 (s.v.l.):—[voice] Pass., inf.ἀρκέεσθαι Hdt.9.33
, ἀρκεῖσθαι Poet. ap. Greg.Cor.p.425 S.: [tense] pf.ἤρκεσμαι Sthenid.
ap. Stob.4.7.63: [tense] aor.ἠρκέσθην Plu.Pel.35
, Luc.Salt.83: [tense] fut.ἀρκεσθήσομαι D.H.6.94
, D.S.1.8, etc.:—ward off, keep off, c. dat. pers. et acc. rei,σάκος τό οἱ ἤρκεσε λυγρὸν ὄλεθρον Il.20.289
, cf. 6.16;πατρίδι δουλοσύνην Simon. 101
;κῆρας μελάθροις E.El. 1300
(lyr.);ὅς οἱ ἀπὸ χροὸς ἤρκει ὄλεθρον Il.13.440
, cf. 15.534;τοῦτό γ' ἀρκέσαι S.Aj. 535
; ὡς οὐκ ἀρκέσοι τὸ μὴ οὐ.. θανεῖν would not keep off death, ib. 727.2 c. dat. only, defend,πυκινὸς δέ οἱ ἤρκεσε θώρηξ Il.15.529
; οὐδ' ἤρκεσε θώρηξ, without dat., 13.371.II c. acc. cogn., make good, achieve, .III mostly in Trag., and always in Prose, to be strong enough, suffice, c. inf., first in Pi.O.9.3; ἀρκῶ σοι σαφηνίσαι (- σας Linwood) A.Pr. 621 codd., cf. S.OT 1209 (lyr.): c. part., ἀρκέσω θνῄσκουσ' ἐγώ my death will suffice, Id.Ant. 547; cf. ; ἔνδον ἀρκείτω μένων let him be content to stay within, S.Aj.76; ;οὔτε ἰατροὶ ἤρκουν θεραπεύοντες Th.2.47
; ellipt., σοφοὺς ὥσπερ σύ, μηδὲν μᾶλλον· ἀρκέσουσι γάρ [σοφοὶ ὄντες] E.Heracl. 576;ἀ. εἴς τι X.Cyr.8.2.5
;πῶς ἡ πόλις ἀρκέσει ἐπὶ τοιαύτην παρασκευήν; Pl.R. 369d
; ταὐτὸν ἀρκεῖ σκῶμμα ἐπὶ πάντας holds equally for all, Id.Tht. 174a; ὅτ' οὐκέτ' ἀρκεῖ [ἡ μάθησις] when it avails no more, S.Tr. 711.2 c. dat., suffice for, satisfy,οὐδὲ ταῦτά τοι μοῦνα ἤρκεσε Hdt.2.115
, cf. S.Ant. 308, etc.4 abs., to be enough, avail, endure,ἀρκείτω βίος A.Ag. 1314
;οὐδὲν γὰρ ἤρκει τόξα Id.Pers. 278
; holdout, last,ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἀρκεῖν Th. 1.71
, X.Cyr.6.2.31; οὐδ' ἔτ' ἀρκῶ I can hold out no longer, S.El. 186 (lyr.); ὥστε ἀρκεῖν πλοῖα to be sufficient in number, X.An.5.1.13: freq. in part., ἀρκῶν, οῦσα, οῦν, sufficient, enough,βίος ἀρκέων ὑπῆν Hdt.1.31
, cf. 7.28; a sufficiency,E.
Supp. 865;ἀρκοῦσα ἀπολογία Antipho 2.4.10
; ἀρκοῦντα or τἀρκοῦντα ἔχειν, X.Mem.1.2.1, Smp.4.35;τῶν ἀρκούντων περιττὰ κτᾶσθαι Id.Cyr.8.2.21
.5 impers., ἀρκεῖ μοι 'tis enough for me, I am well content, c. inf.,οὐκ ἀρκέσει ποθ' ὑμὶν.. εἴκειν S.Aj. 1242
, cf. X.An.5.8.13: c. acc. et inf., ; ἀρκεῖ ἢν.., ὅτι .., X.Cyr.8.1.14, Mem. 4.4.9; ἔμ' ἀρκεῖ βουλεύειν 'tis enough that I.., A.Th. 248; οὐκ ἀρκοῦν μοί ἐστι, c. acc. et inf., Antipho 2.2.2; ἀρκεῖν δοκεῖ μοι it seems enough, seems good, S.El. 1364.IV in [voice] Pass., to be satisfied with, c. dat. rei, Poet. ap. Greg.Cor.l.c.;ἔφη οὐκέτι ἀρκέεσθαι τούτοισι Hdt.9.33
, cf. Pl.Ax. 369e, Arist.EN 1107b15, AP6.329 (Leon.), Plot.5.5.3: abs., ib.3.6, etc.2 later, c. inf., to be contented to do, Plb.1.20.1, Ps.-Luc.Philopatr.29, etc. -
18 ἐξαρκέω
I of objects, to be quite enough for, suffice for,τινί Heraclit.114
, S.OC6, 1116, Ph. 459, etc.;ἔμοιγ' ἐ. ὃς ἂν μὴ κακὸς ᾖ Pl.Prt. 346c
;ὁ βίος μοι δοκεῖ τῷ μήκει τοῦ λόγου οὐκ ἐξαρκεῖν Id.Phd. 108d
;ἐ. εἴς τι Lys.19.55
, 30.20; , X.Mem.4.1.5: c. inf.,μία μεσότης ἂν ἐξήρκει.. συνδεῖν Pl.Ti. 32a
: abs., suffice,μέτρια δ' ἐξαρκεῖν ἔφη E.Supp. 866
, cf. And.4.15;βραχὺς.. ἐξήρκει λόγος D. 18.196
.2 impers., ἐξαρκεῖ it is enough for, suffices for, c. dat. pers., Pl.Prt. 336c, al.: with inf. added,ἐ. ἡμῖν ἡσυχίην ἄγειν Hdt.7.161
;ἐ. σώματι εἶναι σώματι Pl.R. 341e
; alsoἐξαρκέσει σοι τύραννον γενέσθαι Id.Alc.2.141a
;ἐξαρκέσει εἰπεῖν D.27.12
; , cf. Isoc.19.47: c. dat. pers. et part., : abs.,οὐκ ἂν ἐξαρκέσειεν Id.21.129
; enough!Pl.
Grg. 503a, Hp.Ma. 302b;ὡς ἐξαρκέσαν, εἰ.. Is.6.13
.II of the subject, to be satisfied or content with,κτεάτεσσι Pi.O.5.24
; ἐ. διαίτῃ to be strong enough for it, Hp.Aph.1.9; πᾶσιν ἐ. to be a match for all, E.Supp. 574: abs., ἐξαρκέσας ἦν Ζεύς Zeus was strong enough, ib. 511: c. part., τὸν νοῦν διδάσκαλον ἔχουσα ἐξήρκουν ἐμοί I contented myself, was satisfied with having, Id.Tr. 653, cf. Ar.Eq. 524; πῶς ἂν.. ἐξαρκέσειε.. ἐκτίνων; how could he pay enough? X.Hier.7.12:—[voice] Pass., οὐκ ἐξηρκεῖτο φυγαδεύειν dub. l.in Plb. 13.6.6.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐξαρκέω
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19 ὅπως
ὅπως, [dialect] Ep. also and [dialect] Aeol. [full] ὅππως, [dialect] Ion. [full] ὅκως, [dialect] Dor. [full] ὁπῶς acc. to A.D.Adv.173.11: correlat. to ὡς and πῶς.A ADV. OF MANNER, Relat. as, in such manner as, and with interrog. force how, in what manner, rarely indef., v. infr. A. V.B FINAL CONJUNCTION, in such a manner that, in order that.A ADV. OF MANNER, how, as:1 with the ordinary Constr. of the Relat.:a with ind.,ἦ τοι νόστον, ὅπως φρεσὶ σῇσι μενοινᾷς, ὥς τοι Ζεὺς τελέσειεν Od.15.111
;οὕτως ὅ... S.Tr. 330
;ὧδ' ὅ. Id.El. 1301
;οὕτως ὅ. δύνανται Th.7.67
: sts. an analogous word replaces the antec. Adv., με τοῖον ἔθηκεν, ὅπως (for οἷον)ἐθέλει Od.16.208
: freq. without any antec. expressed, ἔλθοι ὅ... ἐθέλω (sc. αὐτὸν ἐλθεῖν) 14.172 ;ἔρξον ὅ. ἐθέλεις Il.4.37
, Od.13.145 ;χρῶ ὅ. βούλει X.Cyr.8.3.46
; ποίει ὅ. ἄριστόν σοι δοκεῖ εἶναι ib.4.5.50 ; ὅ. ἔχω as I am, on the spot, S. Ph. 819.b with [tense] fut. ind., esp. after Verbs of seeing, providing, taking care.., in the manner in which, how, that,οἱ Περσικοὶ νόμοι ἐπιμέλονται ὅπως μὴ τοιοῦτοι ἔσονται οἱ πολῖται X.Cyr.1.2.3
; ; .ά, cf. Pl.Ap. 29e ; ;τοῦτο μηχανᾶσθαι ὅπως ἀποφεύξεται πᾶν ποιῶν θάνατον Pl.Ap. 39a
;τούτου στοχαζόμενοι, ὅπως.. ἔσονται Id.Grg. 502e
(cf. infr.111.1 b, etc.): this [tense] fut. ind. may become opt. after a historical tense,ἐπεμελεῖτο ὅπως μήτε ἄσιτοι μήτε ἄποτοί ποτε ἔσοιντο X.Cyr.8.1.43
, cf. HG7.5.3, Cyr.8.1.10, Oec.7.5, Ages.2.8 ; and ὅπως is freq. used interchangeably with such forms as δι' ὧν, ὅτῳ τρόπῳ, etc.,εἰσηγοῦνται μὴ δι' ὧν.. ἀσκήσουσιν, ἀλλ' ὅπως.. δόξουσι Isoc.1.4
, cf. Th.6.11: this sense easily passes into a final sense, so that,τοῦτο ἀπόβαλε οὕτω ὅκως μηκέτι ἥξει Hdt.3.40
; οὕτω δ' (sc. ποίει) , cf. Ar.Ra. 905, X.Cyr.4.5.25, HG 2.4.17 ; v. infr. B.2 with ἄν ([dialect] Ep. κε ) and subj. in indefinite sentences, in whatever way, just as, however,ὅππως κεν ἐθέλῃσιν Il.20.243
(but ὅπως ἐθέλῃσιν (without κε) Od.1.349, 6.189) ;οὕτως ὅκως ἂν καὶ δυνώμεθα Hdt.8.143
;οὕτως ὅπως ἂν αὐτοὶ βούλωνται X.Cyr.1.1.2
, cf. IG22.1.13 (v B. C.), Pl.Phd. 116a, Smp. 174b, etc.b with opt. after historical tenses,οὕτως ὅ. τύχοιεν Th.8.95
;ὅ. βούλοιντο X.HG 2.3.13
; in a gnomic statement,εἰκῇ κράτιστον ζῆν ὅ. δύναιτό τις S. OT 979
: when ἄν appears with the opt., it belongs to the Verb and not to ὅπως, ὅ. ἄν τις ὀνομάσαι τοῦτο however one might think fit to call it, D.13.4.3 a very common phrase is οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. ( οὐκ ἔσθ' ὅπως ) there is no way in which.., it cannot be that,οὐκ ἔστι ὅκως κοτὲ σοὺς δέξονται λόγους Hdt.7.102
, cf. Ar.Pl.18, D.18.208, al.; so οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. οὐ, fieri non potest quin,οὐκ ἔσθ' ὅ. οὐ πιστὸν ἐξ ὑμῶν πτερὸν ἐξήγαγ' S.OC97
, cf. Ar.Ach. 116, Eq. 426, Th. 882, Pl.Ap. 27e ; οὐδαμῶς ὅ. οὐ, in answer, it must positively be so, Id.Tht. 160d ; so alsoοὐκ ἂν γένοιτο τοῦθ' ὅ... οὐ φανῶ S.OT 1058
; οὐ γὰρ γένοιτ' ἄν, ταῦθ' ὅ. οὐχ ὧδ' ἔχειν (anacoluth. for ἔχει or ἕξει) Id.Aj. 378 : so in questions, ἔσθ' ὅ... ἔλθωμεν; Ar.V. 471 (v.l. -οιμεν) ; ἔστιν οὖν ὅ. ὁ τοιοῦτος φιλοσοφήσει; Pl.R. 495a, cf. Phdr. 262b, Tht. 154c : so, besides ind. of all tenses, οὐκ ἔσθ' ὅ. may be folld. by opt. withἄν, οὐ γάρ ἐσθ' ὅπως μί' ἡμέρα γένοιτ' ἂν ἡμέραι δύο Ar.Nu. 1181
, cf. V. 212, Isoc.12.156, Pl.La. 184c: by ind. withἄν, οὐκ ἔστιν ὅπως ἂν.. κατέστησαν Isoc. 15.206
, cf. D.33.28 : ἄν is omitted inοὐκ ἔσθ' ὅπως λέξαιμι A.Ag. 620
, cf. E.Alc.52, Ar.V. 471 (v.l. ἔλθωμεν).4 in Trag., etc., like ὡς in comparisons, ;γῄτης ὅπως S.Tr.32
, cf. 442, 683 ;ὅπως δρῦν ὑλοτόμοι σχίζουσι κάρα Id.El.98
(anap.) ; ὅπως ἁ πάνδυρτος ἀηδών ib. 1076 (lyr.), cf. Ph. 777, E.Andr. 1140 ;ὅκως τις καλλίης κάτω κύπτων Herod.3.41
; so in [dialect] Locr. Prose,ὅπω (ς) ξένον IG9(1).334.2
(V B.C.).5 like ὡς or ὅτι, with [comp] Sup. of Advs.,ὅ. ἄριστα A.Ag. 600
, IG12.44.8, etc.; ὅ. ἀνωτάτω as high up as possible, Ar. Pax 207 ; in full, οὕτως ὅ. ἥδιστα (sc. ἔχει) S.Tr. 330.6 with a gen. added, σοῦσθε ὅ. ποδῶν run as you are off for feet, i. e. as quick as you can, A.Supp. 837 (lyr., where however < ἔχετε> shd. prob. be added); v. infr. 111.10, ἔχω (A) B. 11.2b.7 sts. of Time, when,Τρῶες.. ὅπως ἴδον αἷμ' Ὀδυσῆος.., ἐπ' αὐτῷ πάντες ἔβησαν Il.11.459
, cf. 12.208, Od.3.373: freq. in Hdt. with opt., whenever, , cf. 68, 100, 162, 186, 2.13, 174, al.: in Trag. and Com., A.Pers. 198, S.El. 749, Tr. 765, Ar.Nu. 60 : with [comp] Sup. of Advs.,ὅ. πρῶτα
as soon as,Hes.
Th. 156 ;ὅ. ὤκιστα Thgn.427
;ὅ. τάχιστα A.Pr. 230
.8 of Place, where, dub. in Herod.3.75.II ὅπως is sts. used to introduce the substance of a statement, after Verbs of saying, thinking, or perceiving, that, how,λόγῳ ἀνάπεισον ὅκως.. Hdt.1.37
;οὐδὲ φήσω ὅκως.. Id.2.49
, cf. 3.115, 116 ;τοῦτ' αὐτὸ μή μοι φράζ', ὅπως οὐκ εἶ κακός S.OT 548
, cf. Ant. 223, Pl.Euthd. 296e ; after ἐλπίζειν, S.El. 963, E.Heracl. 1051 ; after Verbs of emotion, ἐμοὶ δ' ἄχος.., ὅπως δὴ δηρὸν ἀποίχεται grief is mine, when I think how.. (i. e. that..), Od.4.109, cf. S.Ph. 169 (lyr.); after θαυμάζω freq. in [dialect] Att.,θαυμάζω ὅ. ποτὲ ἐπείσθησαν Ἀθηναῖοι X.Mem.1.1.20
, cf. Pl.Cri. 43a.2 οὐχ ὅ... ἀλλὰ or ἀλλὰ καὶ.. is not only not.. but.., and is expld. by an ellipsis of λέγω or ἐρῶ (cf. ὅτι IV), οὐχ ὅ. κωλυταὶ.. γενήσεσθε, ἀλλὰ καὶ.. δύναμιν προσλαβεῖν περιόψεσθε not only will you not become.., but you will also.., Th.1.35, cf. X.HG5.4.34, D.6.9 ;οὐχ ὅ. ὑμῖν τῶν αὑτοῦ τι ἐπέδωκεν, ἀλλὰ τῶν ὑμετέρων πολλὰ ὑφῄρηται Lys.30.26
;οὐχ ὅ. τούτων χάριν ἀπέδοσαν, ἀλλ' ἀπολιπόντες ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Λακεδαιμονίων συμμαχίαν εἰσῆλθον Isoc.14.27
, cf. D.18.131, 53.13 ;οὐ γὰρ ὅπως.., ἀλλὰ καὶ.. Id.21.11
;οὔκουν ὅπως.., ἀλλὰ.. X.Cyr.8.2.12
; alsoοὐχ ὅ..., ἀλλ' οὐδέ.., οὐχ ὅ. ἀδικοῦντες, ἀλλ' οὐδ' ἐπιδημοῦντες ἐφυγαδευόμεθα Id.HG2.4.14
;οὐχ ὅ. τῆς κοινῆς ἐλευθερίας μετέχομεν, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ δουλείας μετρίας τυχεῖν ἠξιώθημεν Isoc.14.5
;διμοιρίαν λαμβάνων ἐν ταῖς θοίναις οὐχ ὅπως ἀμφοτέραις ἐχρῆτο, ἀλλὰ διαπέμπων οὐδετέραν αὑτῷ κατέλειπε X.Ages.5.1
;οὐχ ὅ. ζημιοῦν, ἀλλὰ μηδ' ἀτιμάζειν.. Th.3.42
: so sts. μὴ ὅ. (where an imper. must be supplied), μὴ ὅ. ὀρχεῖσθαι ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ὀρθοῦσθαι ἐδύνασθε do not think that you could dance = so far from being able to dance, X.Cyr.1.3.10.b οὐχ ὅ. rarely follows another clause, to say nothing of.., let alone..,πεπαύμεθ' ἡμεῖς, οὐχ ὅ. σε παύσομεν S.El. 796
; μηδ' ἐμπίδα, οὐχ ὅπως ταῦρον ἔτι ἄρασθαι δυνάμενος.. let alone a bull, Luc.Cont.8, cf. Prom.8, Pr.Im.7, Pisc. 31.1 with ind.,aἔσπετε νῦν μοι ὅππως δὴ.. πῦρ ἔμπεσε νηυσίν Il.16.113
;εἴπ' ἄγε μ'.. ὅππως τούσδ' ἵππους λάβετον 10.545
;εὖ μοι κατάλεξον ὅπως ἤντησας Od.3.97
;ὅπως ἠφανίσθη οὐδὲ λόγῳ εἰκότι δύνανται ἀποφαίνειν Antipho 5.26
;Ἀλκιβιάδης ἀνήχθη.. ἐπὶ κατασκοπὴν.. τοῦ οἴκαδε κατάπλου ὅπως ἡ πόλις πρὸς αὐτὸν ἔχοι X.HG1.4.11
; , etc.b notably [tense] fut. after Verbs of deliberation (like the subj., v. infr. 2), ; φράζευ ὅπως Δαναοῖσιν ἀλεξήσεις κακὸν ἦμαρ (v.l. ἀλεξήσῃς) 9.251, cf. Od.13.376, 386, 19.557, 20.29,39.2 with deliberative subj. after Verbs of deliberation, taking care, and the like ,λεύσσει ὅπως ὄχ' ἄριστα.. γένηται Il.3.110
; ἐνόησεν (gnomic [tense] aor.)ὅππως κέρδος ἔῃ 10.225
;ἀλλ' ἄγεθ' ἡμεῖς οἵδε περιφραζώμεθα πάντες νόστον ὅπως ἔλθῃσι Od.1.77
, cf. 13.365 ;οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως.. φῶ S.OT 1367
, cf. Aj. 428, Lys.8.5, Pl.Men. 91d ;ἐπιμελητέον ὅπως τρέφωνται οἱ ἵπποι X.Eq.Mag.1.3
, cf. Oec.7.36,37,9.14, 15.1, Pl.Grg. 515c.—Sts. the [tense] fut. and subj. are conjoined without difference of meaning,ἐπράττετο γὰρ.., πρῶτον μὲν ὅπως μὴ περιμείνητε.., δεύτερον δὲ ὅπως ψηφιε̄σθε.., τρίτον δὲ ὅπως μὴ ἔσται Aeschin.3.65
, cf. X. Ages.7.7, Mem.2.2.10.—On ὅπως ἄν (κεν), v. infr. 5.3 with opt. after tenses of past time, τῶν ἀδῄλων ὅπως ἀποβήσοιτο ib.1.3.2, etc.: after Verbs of deliberation, being virtually orat. obliq., μερμήριξε.. Ἥρη ὅπως ἐξαπάφοιτο (orat. rect. πῶς ἐξαπάφωμαι;) Il.14.160 ;μερμήριζεν ὅπως ἀπολοίατο πᾶσαι νῆες Od.9.554
, cf. 420 ;οὐ γὰρ εἴχομεν.. ὅπως δρῶντες καλῶς πράξαιμεν S.Ant. 271
; , cf. 13.32, X.Cyr.6.2.11.4 with opt. and ἄν freq. expressing a wish, which in orat. rect. would be expressed byπῶς ἄν, σκόπει ὅ. ἂν ἀποθάνοιμεν ἀνδρικώτατα Ar.Eq.81
(v.l. ἀποθάνωμεν), cf. Nu. 760 ;βουλευόμενοι ὅ. ἂν τὴν ἡγεμονίαν λάβοιεν τῆς Ἑλλάδος X.HG7.1.33
, cf. Cyr.2.1.4 ; τῶν ἄλλων ἐπιμελεῖται ὅ. ἂν θηρῷεν (v.l. -ῶσιν) ib.1.2.10: the opt. with ἄν and subj. sts. appear in consecutive clauses, Id.HG3.2.1.5 ὅπως ἄν (κεν) with the subj. is used after imper. or inf. used as imper., ;φράζεσθαι.., ὅππως κε μνηστῆρας.. κτείνῃς 1.295
;σκοπεῖτε.., ὅ. ἂν ὑμῖν πρᾶγος εὖ νικᾷ τόδε A.Supp. 233
, etc.;φύλασσε.. ἔπειθ' ὅ. ἂν.. ἡ χάρις.. ἐξ ἁπλῆς διπλῆ φανῇ S.Tr. 618
, cf. E.IA 539 : in Prose,ἐπιμεληθῆναι ὅ. ἂν.. X.Cyr.8.3.6
, cf. Pl.Prt. 326a;μηχανᾶσθαι Id.Phdr. 239b
, Grg. 481a, cf. Ar.Eq. 917.6 rarely c. inf.,ἐπιμελήθητε προθύμως ὅπως διπλάσια.. σῖτα καὶ ποτὰ παρασκευασθῆναι X.Cyr.4.2.37
(v.l. -εσκευασμένα ᾖ), cf. Oec.7.29, HG6.2.32; so later ὅπως παρακολουθῆμεν ([dialect] Dor. inf.) Supp.Epigr.1.170.18 (cf. p.138, Delph., ii B. C.); ὅπως.. ἔχειν, ὅπως.. εἴργεσθαι, D.S.20.4,85;ὅπως πέμπιν PTeb.315.30
(ii A. D.).7 after Verbs of fear and caution, ὅπως and ὅπως μή are used with [tense] fut. ind. or [tense] aor. subj. :— the readings are freq. uncertain: the following (among others) are made certain either by the metre or the form,a with [tense] fut. ind.,δέδοιχ' ὅπως μὴ τεύξομαι Ar.Eq. 112
;παντὶ λόγῳ ἀντιτείνετε εὐλαβούμενοι ὅπως μὴ.. οἰχήσομαι Pl.Phd. 91c
;φόβος.. ἔστιν.. ὅπως μὴ αὖθις διασχισθησόμεθα Id.Smp. 193a
: sts. the preceding Verb is omitted,ὅπως μὴ οὐκ.. ἔσομαι Id.Men. 77a
.b with [tense] aor. subj.,τὴν θεὸν δ' ὅ. λάθω δέδοικα E.IT 995
;φυλάττου, ὅ. μὴ εἰς τοὐναντίον ἔλθῃς X.Mem.3.6.16
: rarely with [tense] pres.,οὐ φοβεῖ ὅ. μὴ ἀνόσιον πρᾶγμα τυγχάνῃς πράττων Pl.Euthphr.4e
: sts. the preceding Verb is omitted, with [tense] aor. subj.,ὅκως μή τι ὑμῖν πανώλεθρον κακὸν ἐς τὴν χώρην ἐσβάλωσι Hdt.6.85
: with [tense] pres. subj.,ὅπως μὴ.. ᾖ τοῦτο Pl.Cra. 430d
.c with opt. representing subj. after a historical tense, X. Mem.2.9.3.8 this Constr. is used in admonitions or commands: in the orig. Constr. a Verb implying caution or circumspection precedes,ὅρα ὅκως μή σευ ἀποστήσονται Πέρσαι Hdt.3.36
;ἄθρει.. ὅπως μὴ ἐκδύσεται Ar.V. 141
; τηρώμεσθ' ὅπως μὴ.. αἰσθήσεται ib. 372 : but this came to be omitted, and ὅπως or ὅπως μή with [tense] fut. ind. or [tense] aor. subj. are exactly = the imper.,ἔμβα χὤπως ἀρεῖς Id.Ra. 378
(lyr.): most freq. with [tense] fut. ind., ὅκως λόγον δώσεις τῶν μετεχείρισας χρημάτων, = δίδου λόγον, Hdt.3.142 ; ὅπως παρέσει μοι, = πάρισθι, Ar.Av. 131 ;ὅπως πετήσει Id. Pax77
, cf. X.An.1.7.3, Lys.1.21, 12.50, Pl.Grg. 489a, etc.: rarely with I pers.,ὁποῖα κισσὸς δρυός, ὅπως τῆσδ' ἕξομαι E.Hec. 398
, cf. Ar.Ec. 297 (lyr.): very rarely with [tense] aor. subj.,ὅπως μή τι ἡμᾶς σφήλῃ Pl.Euthd. 296a
codd.;ὅπως μὴ.. ἐξαπατήσῃ Id.Prt. 313c
;ὅπως μὴ ποιήσητε D.4.20
codd.—The codd. freq. vary, as between διδάξεις and ; τιμωρήσονται and- ωνται Th.1.56
; πράξομεν and - ωμεν ib.82 ; θορυβήσει and- σῃ D.13.14
, etc.—Since the [tense] fut. is frequently, and the [tense] aor. (whether 1 or 2) rarely guaranteed by metre or form, the [tense] aor. 1 forms shd. prob. be rejected, both in signf. 7 and 8, in cases where codd. vary.9 as the echo to a preceding πῶς; in dialogue, A καὶ πῶς; B ὅπως; [do you ask] how? Ar. Eq. 128; A πῶς με χρὴ καλεῖν; B ὅπως; Id.Nu. 677, cf. Pl. 139.IV in direct questions, how? ἔπραξας ὅπως; Jul.Ep.82p.106B.-C.; cf. ὅστις.V indef., anyhow, τὸ οὐδ' ὅ. the expression 'not at all', Pl.Tht. 183b (v.l. οὐδ' οὕτως).B FINAL CONJUNCTION, that, in order that, the original notion of modality being merged in that of purpose or design, cf. ἵνα, with which it is sts. interchanged, Antipho 1.23 and 24, And.3.14, Lycurg. 119 sq.:—in early [dialect] Att. Inscrr. only ὅπως ἄν is used, IG12.39.19, al. ; ὅπως without ἄν only once in cent. iv B. C., ib.22.226.42 (343 B.C.), after which it becomes gradually prevalent:1 with subj.,a after primary tenses, or after subj. or imper.,τὸν δὲ μνηστῆρες.. λοχῶσιν, ὅπως ἀπὸ φῦλον ὄληται Od.14.181
, cf. A.Ch. 873, S.Ph. 238, El. 457, X.Mem.2.10.2, etc.b after historical tenses (v.ἵνα B. 1.1b
), when there is no [tense] pf. form, or when the [tense] aor. represents the [tense] pf., ξυνελέγημεν ἐνθάδε, ὅ. προμελετήσωμεν we were convened, i. e. we have met in assembly, Ar.Ec. 117 ;παρήλθομεν.., ὅπως μὴ χεῖρον βουλεύσησθε Th.1.73
; also when the occurrence purposed is regarded from the point of view of the person purposing, ἦλθον πρεσβευσόμενοι, ὅπως μὴ σφίσι.. τὸ αὐτῶν [ναυτικὸν] ἐμπόδιον γένηται ib.31, cf. 57,65, etc.: sts. the opt. and subj. appear in consecutive clauses,φρυκτοὺς παρεσκευασμένους ἐς αὐτὸ τοῦτο, ὅπως ἀσαφῆ τὰ σημεῖα.. ᾖ καὶ μὴ βοηθοῖεν Id.3.22
, cf. 6.96, 7.17.2 with opt. after historical tenses,πὰρ δέ οἱ αὐτὸς ἔστη, ὅπως.. κῆρας ἀλάλκοι Il.21.548
; more freq. in Od., as 13.319, 14.312, 18.160, 22.472; so in S.OT 1005, OC 1305, X.Cyr.1.4.25, Pl.Ti. 77e, etc.: after historical [tense] pres.,πέμπει τούσδ' ὅπως κτείνοιεν A.Pers. 450
;ἡγεμόνα πέμπει ὅπως ἄγοι X.An.4.7.19
: after opt.,ἔλθοι.. ὅ. γένοιτο A.Eu. 297
, cf. S.Aj. 1221 (lyr.).3 with ind.,a of historical tenses, where the principal clause expresses an action or obligation unfulfilled,εἴθ' εἶχε φωνὴν ἔμφρον' ἀγγέλου δίκην, ὅ. δίφροντις οὖσα μὴ 'κινυσσόμην A.Ch. 196
, cf. S.El. 1134: rare in Prose,ἐδεξάμην ἃν.. φράσαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς.., ὅ... προῄδετε And.2.21
; τίς οὐκ ἂν.. ταῦτα ἐδήλωσεν, ὅ... ταῦτα ἠλέγχθη; D.36.20;οὐκοῦν ἐχρῆν σε Πηγάσου ζεῦξαι πτερόν, ὅ. ἐφαίνου τοῖς θεοῖς τραγικώτερος Ar. Pax 135
; τί.. οὐκ ἔρριψ' ἐμαυτὴν.. ὅ. ἀπηλλάγην; A.Pr. 749.b of [tense] fut., θέλγει, ὅ. Ἰθάκης ἐπιλήσεται (= φραζομένη ὅπως ἐ.) Od.1.57, cf. Il.1.136 ;[χρὴ] ἀναβιβάζειν ἐπὶ τὸν τροχὸν τοὺς ἀπογραφέντας, ὅ. μὴ πρότερον νὺξ ἔσται And.1.43
;ἐμισθώσατο τοῦτον.., ὅ. συνερεῖ D.19.316
: sts. [tense] fut. ind. and [tense] aor. subj. are conjoined,σιγᾶθ', ὅ. μὴ πεύσεταί τις, ὦ τέκνα, γλώσσης χάριν δὲ πάντ' ἀπαγγείλῃ τάδε A. Ch. 265
.II ὅπως c. subj. is sts. used after Verbs of will and endeavour, instead of the inf.,λίσσεσθαι.. ὅ. νημερτέα εἴπῃ Od.3.19
;αἰτεῖσθαι ὅ. μὴ καταψηφίσησθε Antipho 1.12
; δεήσεται.., ὅ. δίκην μὴ δῷ ib.23 ;ὅ. μὴ ἀποθάνῃ ἠντεβόλει Lys.1.29
; παρακελεύεσθε ὑμῖναὐτοῖς ὅ... ἐξίητε Lycurg.127
( ἔξιτε Rehdantz): withἄν, δεῖταί μου σφόδρα ὅπως ἂν οἰκουρῇ Ar.Ach. 1060
, cf. Hdt.2.126, 3.44 ;διεκελεύετο ὅπως ἂν.. ἐγγράφωσί με Is.7.27
; so δεῖ σ' ὅ. δείξεις (for δεῖξαι), S.Aj. 556, may be expld. as ellipsis for δεῖ σ' ὁρᾶν (σκοπεῖν) ὅπως, cf. Id.Ph.55 ;δεῖ σ' ὅπως.. μηδὲν διοίσεις.. Cratin.108
. -
20 γένεσις
γένεσις, εως, ἡ (Hom.+)① the term is used in Gk. lit. of ancestry as point of origin (e.g. Diod S 17, 51, 3; 17, 108, 3 of Alexander ἡ ἐξ Ἄμμωνος γ.; Orig., C. Cels. 8, 57, 27; Did., Gen. 24, 1), but also of one’s coming into being at a specific moment, birth (Diod S 2, 5, 1; 4, 39, 2; IPriene 105, 48; OGI 56, 25; O. Wilck II, 1601, 1; Gen 40:20; Hos 2:5; Eccl 7:1 v.l.; PsSol 3:9; Jos., Ant. 2, 215; 234; Orig., C. Cels. 1, 57, 19; Did., Gen. 118, 11) Mt 1:18, with special ref. to circumstances under which the birth took place (s. γέννησις.—The superscription here has a counterpart in the subscription of the infancy narrative of Pythagoras in Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 2, 8: περὶ τῆς γενέσεως τοσαῦτο.—Arrian, Anab. answers the question [7, 29, 3] whether Alex. rightly ἐς θεὸν τὴν γένεσιν τὴν αὑτοῦ ἀνέφερεν with the reflection [7, 30, 2] οὐδὲ ἐμοὶ ἔξω τοῦ θείου φῦναι ἂν δοκεῖ ἀνὴρ οὐδενὶ ἄλλῳ ἀνθρώπων ἐοικώς=it seems to me that a man who is different from all other men could not have come into being apart from divinity); Lk 1:14 (γεννήσει v.l.). As book title (in LXX; Mel., HE 4, 26, 4; Just.) Γένεσις Μαρίας GJs, so also in the subscr.ⓐ existence (Pla., Phdr. 252d τ. πρώτην γένεσιν βιοτεύειν; Ps.-Aristid., Ἀπελλᾷ γενεθλιακός 30, 27 Keil; POxy 120, 8; PGM 13, 612; Jdth 12:18; Wsd 7:5) πρόσωπον τῆς γ. αὐτοῦ his natural face (i.e. the way he has turned out to be, the way he really looks; s. γίνομαι) Js 1:23.ⓑ life, human experience ὁ τροχὸς τῆς γενέσεως Js 3:6 was used in the Orphic mysteries w. the mng. ‘wheel of human origin’ (Simplicius on Aristot., De Caelo 2 p. 377 Heiberg ἐν τῷ τῆς εἱμαρμένης τε καὶ γενέσεως τροχῷ οὗπερ ἀδύνατον ἀπαλλαγῆναι κατὰ τὸν Ὀρφέα, s. ERohde, Psyche3 II 130f). In Js it seems to have lost its orig. mng. and to signify course of life, whole of life (cp. Anacreontea 32, 7f Preis.: τροχὸς ἅρματος γὰρ οἷα βίοτος τρέχει κυλισθείς).—For lit. s. τροχός.③ an account of someone’s life, history, life. The expr. βίβλος γενέσεως Mt 1:1 is fr. the OT: Gen 2:4; 5:1; in the former of these two pass. it = history of the origin (cp. Diod S 1, 10, 3 ἡ γ. τῶν ἀνθρώπων; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 3, 1–5a … δύο ἱστοροῦνται γενέσεις Μουσῶν=there are two accounts given of the origin of the Muses), which some consider a fitting heading for Mt 1; Zahn ad loc. regards the expr. as constituting the superscription of the whole gospel: Book of the History. But if the phrase applies to vv. 1–17, the term γ. refers to④ persons of successive generations forming an ancestral line, lineage, family line, which describes the contents of Mt 1:1–17.—JLindblom: Teologiska Studier for EStave 1922, 102–9; OEissfeldt, ‘Toledot’, in Studien zum NT u. zur Patristik ’61, 1–8.—DELG s.v. γίγνομαι p. 223. M-M. TW. Sv.
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