make+reference

ἀναφέρω, poet. [pref] ἀμφ-, [tense] fut. ἀνοίσω: [tense] aor. ἀνήνεγκα, [dialect] Ion. ἀνήνεικα, also inf.

A

ἀνοῖσαι Hdt.1.157

:

I bring, carry up,

[Κέρβερον] ἐξ Ἀΐδαο Od.11.625

;

ἐκ τῆς ἰλύος ψῆγμα ἀ. χρυσοῦ Hdt.4.195

, cf. 3.102 (as v.l. for -φορέω) ; ἀ. τινὰ εἰς Ὄλυμπον, εἰς θεούς, X.Smp.8.30 ([voice] Pass.), Plu. Rom.28, etc.; in histor. writers, carry up the country, esp. into Central Asia, Hdt.6.30; raise up,

εἰς τὸ ἄνω Hp.Art.37

; ἀ. πόδα lift it, E.Ph. 1410:—[voice] Med., carry up to a place of safety, take with one, Hdt.3.148; remove one's goods, 8.32,36, etc.

b esp. carry up to the Acropolis, put by, of treasure, And.3.7, X.Vect.5.12, Aeschin.2.174, etc.

2 bring up, pour forth, of tears,

ἑτοιμότερα γέλωτος ἀ. λίβη A.Ch. 447

;

αἵματος πλῆθος ἀ.

spit up,

Plu.Cleom.15

; ἀ. φωνάς, στεναγμούς, Id.2.433c, Alex.52:—[voice] Med., ἀνενείκασθαι, abs., fetch up a deep-drawn breath, heave a deep sigh,

μνησάμενος δ' ἁδινῶς ἀνενείκατο Il.19.314

;

ἀνενεικάμενόν τε καὶ ἀναστενάξαντα Hdt.1.86

(where others, having recovered himself, come to himself, v. infr. 11.7): in Alex. Poets, utter, ἀνενείκατο μῦθον, φωνήν, A.R.3.463, 635.

3 uphold, take upon one,

ἄχθος A.Ch. 841

;

κινδύνους Th.3.38

; διαβολάς, πόλεμον, etc., Plb.1.36.3, 4.45.9, etc.;

πολλῶν ἀ. ἁμαρτίας LXX Is. 53.12

, Ep.Heb.9.28.

4 offer in sacrifice, ib.7.27, 13.15, etc.: abs., make expiation or compensation, GDI3537, al. ([place name] Cnidus).

5 raise up, yield,

ἀρχαῖαι ἀρεταὶ ἀμφέροντ' ἀνδρῶν σθένος Pi.N.11.38

.

6 intr., lead up, of a road,

ἁμαξιτὸς εἰς τὸν Πειραιᾶ ἀ. X.HG 2.4.10

, cf. Plb.8.29.1, Inscr.Prien.37.161.

II bring or carry back,

εἰς τοὔπισθεν ἀ. πόδα E.Ph. 1410

: freq. in Prose, ἀ. τὰς κώπας recover the oars (after pulling them through the water), Th.2.84;

ἡ εἰρεσία ἀναφέρεται Plu.Demetr.53

, Ant.26.

2 bring back tidings, report,

παρά τινα Hdt.1.47

;

ἔς τινα Id.1.91

, Th.5.28, etc.; τὰ ἐκ τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἀνενεγκόντες Decr. ap. D.18.75:—[voice] Pass., Hdt.1.141, al.

3 bring back from exile, Th.5.16.

4 carry back, trace one's family to an ancestor,

τὸ Ἡρακλέους γένος εἰς Περσέα ἀναφέρεται Pl.Alc.1.120e

; without

γένος, ἀ. εἰς Ἡρακλέα Id.Tht. 175a

.

5 refer a matter to another,

βουλεύματα ἐς τὸ κοινόν Hdt.3.80

;

ἐς ἀφανὲς τὸν μῦθον ἀ. Id.2.23

;

ἁμαρτίαν εἴς τινα ἀ.

ascribe

E.Or.76

, Ba.29, etc.;

τῆς κηλῖδος εἰς ὑμᾶς -ομένης Antipho 3.3.11

;

τὴν αἰτίαν εἴς τινα Lys.22.8

; rarely

ἀ. τί τινι E.Or. 432

, Lys.12.81;

τι ἐπί τινα D.18.224

, Aeschin. 3.215;

τι ἐπί τι Pl.Phd. 76d

;

τι πρός τι Arist.EN 1101b19

([voice] Pass.), al.; ποῖ δίκην ἀνοίσομεν; to whom shall we refer the judgement? E. Ion 253;

τὴν ἀπόδοσιν εἴς τινα D.34.46

:—[voice] Pass., to be attributed (of authorship),

εἰς Μητρόδωρον Phld.Herc.1005.8

; to be traced to, derived from, ἐπί τι ib.1251.11.

6 [voice] Pass., refer to, of a statement, πρός τι Ps.-Alex.Aphr. in SE127.8.

b without acc., ἀ. εἴς τινα refer or appeal to another, make reference to him, Hdt.3.71, Pl.Ap. 20e;

ἔς τινα περί τινος Hdt.1.157

, 7.149; ἀ. πρός τι refer to something as to a standard, Hp.VM9;

ἐκεῖσε ἀ. Pl.R. 484c

, cf. Phdr. 237d.

c report,

μέτρα καὶ γειτνίας καὶ ἀξίας PTeb.14.11

(ii B.C.), etc.:—[voice] Pass., ib.10.3 (ii B.C.): abs., make a report,

τινί PRyl.233.8

(ii A.D.), PFay. 129.8 (iii A.D.).

7 bring back, restore,

πόλιν ἐκ πονήρων πραγμάτων Th.8.97

;

ἀ. ἑαυτόν Ael.NA13.12

:—[voice] Pass., come to oneself, recover, μόγις δὴ τότε ἀνενειχθεὶς εἶπε (v. supr.1.2) Hdt.1.116;

ἄφωνος ἐγένετο, ἔπειτα πάλιν ἀνηνέχθη Theopomp.Com.66

:—so,

b intr. in [voice] Act., come to oneself, recover, τῷ πόματι ἀνέφερον (sc. ἑαυτούς) Hdt.3.22, cf. Hp.Aph.2.43, D.16.31;

ἐκ τραύματος D.H.4.67

;

ἐξ ὕπνων Plu. Cam.23

;

ἀνέφερέ τις ἐλπὶς ἀμυδρά

revived,

Id.Alc.38

;

ἐκ τοσούτων κυμάτων ἀνενεγκών Eun.Hist.p.227

D.

8 bring into account,

εἰς τὸ κοινόν D.41.8

, cf. 11, Philonid.1 D.;

πρὸς ἣν [ἀρχὴν] αἱ πρόσοδοι ἀναφέρονται Arist.Pol. 1321b32

.

9 pay over,

εἰς τὸ βασιλικόν PHib.50.2

, cf. 42.5.

10 call to mind, consider, Pl.Lg. 829e: also c. gen., App.Pun.93, 112.

11 repeat, Pl.Ti. 26a.

12 recall a likeness,

ἀ. πρὸς ἀνδριάντα τὴν ὁμοιότητα τῆς ἰδέας Plu.Brut.1

, cf. 2.53d.

τίθημι [pron. full] [τῐ], [ per.] 2sg.

A

τιθεῖς Pi.P.8.11

, S.Ph. 992 cod. B ( τιθείς LA rec.), E.Cyc. 545 codd. Lp (- θείς P,

τίθης

l), Alc.

890

codd. pler., corrupted to

τιθείς Pl.R. 376e

Stob., Arr.Epict.3.22.76, Pl.Euthd. 301e ([etym.] ἐπι-), Lib. Or.46.28 ([etym.] προς-) ; ἐν-τιθεῖς (v.l. -εὶς) Ar.Eq. 717;

περι-τιθεῖς BGU 1141.19

(i B.C.); but τίθης is found in Pl.R.l.c. codd. AD, Ar. l.c. cod. A, Lib.Or.27.11 ([etym.] προς-), etc., and is taught by Choerob. in Theod. 2.328 H.; [dialect] Ep.

τίθησθα Od.9.404

, 24.476, and so in [dialect] Aeol., Alc.Supp.4.27 (

τίθεισθα Hsch.

); [ per.] 3sg.

τίθησι Il.4.83

, al., and [dialect] Att.; [dialect] Dor.

τίθητι SIG 331.13

(Megara, iv B.C.), Theoc.3.48; [ per.] 3pl.

τιθέασι Th.5.96

, Alex.128; [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion.

τιθεῖσι Il.16.262

, Hes.Th. 597, Hdt.2.91 (also A.Ag. 466 (lyr.)); [dialect] Aeol. τίθεισι ([etym.] προ-) Schwyzer 631 A 2 (ii B.C.); [dialect] Dor.

τίθεντι IG12(3).103.10

([place name] Nisvrus); [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3sg.

τιθεῖ Il.13.732

, Mimn.1.6, Hdt. 1.113, also Arc., SIG559.16 (Megalop., iii B.C. ) (

τιθῶ Luc.Ocyp.43

,81, διατιθῶ cited by A.D.Synt.290.6): [tense] impf.

ἐτίθην Pl.Grg. 500b

;

ἐτίθεις Id.R. 528d

, Ar.Nu.59 ([etym.] ἐν-), etc.;

ἐτίθει Il.18.541

, al., Ar.Ach. 532, Nu. 63 ([etym.] προς-), etc., [dialect] Ep.

τίθει Il.1.441

, al.; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.

τίθεσαν Od.22.456

;

τίθεν Pi.P.3.65

;

πρό-τιθεν Od.1.112

(Aristarch.); late

ἐτίθουν Act.Ap.4.35

; [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf. τίθεσκον Hes Fr.112; ἐτίθεα ([etym.] ὑπερ-) Hdt.3.155: imper.

τίθει Il.1.509

, etc.; inf. τιθέναι, not in Hom. or Hes.; [dialect] Ep.

τιθήμεναι Il.23.83

;

τιθέμεν Hes.Op. 744

, Pi.P.1.40;

τιθεῖν Thgn.286

, IG12(9).189.5 ([place name] Eretria); written

τιθῖν Byzantion 8.50

(Phrygia, iv A.D.); part. τιθείς, but [dialect] Ion. pl. τιθεῦντες v.l. in Hdt.2.91: [tense] fut. θήσω, [dialect] Ep. inf.

θησέμεναι Il.12.35

,

θησέμεν Pi.P.10.58

: [tense] aor.1 ἔθηκα, only used in indic., and mostly in sg., for though [ per.] 3pl. is common, the 1 and [ per.] 2pl. are rare, X.Mem.4.2.15, ([etym.] ἀν-) Hyp.Eux.9; even ἔθηκαν is very rare in early Attic,

ἀνέθηκαν IG2.1620d

, 22.2971 (both iv B.C.), but is found in Plb.8.4.4, etc.; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.

θῆκαν Il.24.795

, etc.: [tense] aor. 2 ἔθην, not used in indic. sg., whereas pl. is very common, ἔθεμεν, ἔθετε, ἔθεσαν, [dialect] Ep.

θέσαν 12.29

, etc.; imper.

θές Ar.Lys. 185

, etc.; [dialect] Lacon. [ per.] 3sg. σέτω ib. 1081; subj. θῶ, [dialect] Aeol. and [dialect] Ion.

θέω Sapph.12

, ([etym.] προς-) Hdt.1.108, [dialect] Ep.

θείω Il.16.83

, al. (for Θή-ω); [dialect] Ep. 2 and [ per.] 3sg. θήῃς, θήῃ, 6.432, 16.96, Od.10.301, 341 (sts. with the opt. forms θείης, θείη as v.l.); [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 1pl. θέωμεν (disyll.) 24.485, θείομεν (for Θήο-μεν, short-vowel subjunctive) Il.23.244, Od.13.364; opt. θείην, [ per.] 1pl.

θεῖμεν 12.347

, Pl.Prt. 343e ( θείημεν codd. BT),

προς-θεῖμεν Id.R. 370d

, and

κατα-θεῖτε D.14.27

; [ per.] 3pl.

θεῖεν S.OC 865

; inf. θεῖναι, [dialect] Ep.

θέμεναι Il.2.285

,

θέμεν Od.21.3

, Hes.Op.61,67; [dialect] Dor.

θέμειν IG 12(1).677.13

(Rhodes, iv B.C.); part.

θείς Il.23.254

, etc.: [tense] pf. τέθηκα [dialect] Att. Inscrr., IG22.2490.7 (iv B.C.), ([etym.] ἀνα-) ib.839.38, 1299.44, 1534.76, also at Delos, ib.11(2).161 A6 (iii B.C.), etc., and in Papyri, POxy. 1087.42 (i B.C.);

τέθεικα PCair.Zen. 324

(iii B.C.), ([etym.] ὑπο-) PPetr.3p.53 (iii B.C.), ([etym.] ἐκ-) UPZ62.4 (ii B.C.), ([etym.] ἀνα-) IG22.1011.71,80 (ii B.C.), ([etym.] προς-) Str.1.2.23; hence some editors restore τέθηκα for τέθεικα in Attic authors, as X.Mem.4.4.19, D.20.55, 22.16, 27.36, Alex.15.13; Phocian [ per.] 3pl.

ἀνα-τεθέκαντι BCH59.202

([place name] Daulis):—[voice] Med. τίθεμαι, [ per.] 2sg.

τίθεσαι Pl.Tht. 202c

; τίθη or τίθῃ dub. in PTeb.768.9 (ii B.C.); as [voice] Pass., AP11.300 (Pall.); imper.

τίθεσο Ar. Pax 1039

, Pl. Sph. 237b,

τίθου A.Eu. 226

, [dialect] Dor. τίθευσο cj. in AP9.564 (Nic., τιθεύσω cod., τίθεσσο Plan., cf. ἀφίκευσο); [dialect] Ep. part.

τιθήμενος Il.10.34

: [tense] fut.

θήσομαι 24.402

, etc.: [tense] aor. 1 ἒθηκάμην, only in indic. and part., and never in [dialect] Att.; [ per.] 2sg.

ἐθήκαο Theoc.29.18

; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg.

θήκατο Il.10.31

, Hes.Sc. 128; part.

θηκάμενος Thgn.1150

, Pi.P.4.29: [tense] aor. 2

ἐθέμην Il.2.750

, etc.; [dialect] Ep. and Lyr. [ per.] 3sg.

θέτο 10.149

, Pi.N.10.89; imper.

θέο Od. 10.333

,

θοῦ S.OC 466

; subj.

θῶμαι E.HF 486

, etc.; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 2sg.

θῆαι Od. 19.403

; opt.

θείμην S.Ant. 188

, etc.; [ per.] 3sg.

θεῖτο Od.17.225

, A.Pr. 527 (lyr.), Pl.Tht. 195c, etc. (πρός-θοιτο, -θοισθε, ἔν-θοιτο are found in D. 11.6, 21.188, 34.17, but

προς-θεῖτο Id.6.12

codd.; ἐπιθοίμεθα, -θοιντο, Th.6.34,11; cf.

τιθοῖτο X.Mem.3.8.10

): [tense] pf. (v. infr.):—[voice] Pass.

τίθεμαι SIG57.25

(Milet., v B.C.), Pl.Lg. 705e, 744a: [tense] fut.

τεθήσομαι E.El. 1268

, Pl.Lg. 730b, D.24.17: [tense] aor.

ἐτέθην E.HF 1245

, Lys.31.28, etc. (

ἐθέθην IG14.862

(Cumae, vi B.C.)): [tense] pf. τέθειμαι, rare in early Gr., LXX 1 Ki.9.24, Ev.Marc.15.47, ([etym.] προς-) Arist.Mech. 853a35; inf.

τεθεῖσθαι Ar.Fr. 327

codd. (but f.l.); part.

τεθειμένος Demad.12

, ([etym.] προ-) X.Hier.9.11, ([etym.] δια-) Men.591; also used in med. sense, D.21.49, SIG705.17 (Delph., ii B.C.), BGU1735.11 (i B.C.), Luc.Somn.9, ([etym.] ἐν-) D.34.16, ([etym.] προ-) Supp.Epigr.7.62.6 (Seleucia Pieria, ii B.C.), ([etym.] συν-) OGI229.62 (Smyrna, iii B.C.); ὑπεκ-τεθημένος (sic) BCH54.269 (Rhamnus, iii B.C.); ἀνα-τέθηται (pass. sense) Phld.Mus.p.81 K.; Phocian [tense] pf. part. (med. sense)

ἀνα-τεθεμένος BCH59.202

([place name] Daulis):— the [voice] Pass. never occurs in Hom., and is generally rare, κεῖμαι being used instead.

A in local sense, set, put, place,

λίθον Il.21.405

, cf. IG12.373.10, al.;

θεμείλια Il.12.29

; τέρματα τ. Od.8.193; κλισίην, θρόνον τ. τινί, set a stool or chair for him, 4.123, 8.65 (so in [voice] Med., set for oneself,

δίφρον 20.387

);

ἐκελήσατο θέμεν τὰν κλίναν, ἐφ' ἇς τὰν Σωστράταν ἔφερον

lay down,

IG42(1).122.31

(Epid., iv B.C.); πόδα τ. plant the foot, i.e. walk, run, A.Eu. 294, E.IT32: so in [voice] Med., τετράποδος βάσιν θηρὸς τιθέμενος, i.e. going on all fours, Id.Hec. 1059 (lyr.): the mode is expressed by Advbs. or Preps.,

a with Advbs., τ. τι πυρὸς ἐγγύς, ἀπάνευθε πυρός, Od.14.518, Il.18.412;

προπάροιθε ποδῶν 20.324

;

χαμαὶ τ. τὸν πόδα A.Ag. 906

; τὰ ἄνω κάτω and τὰ κάτω ἄνω τ. Hdt.3.3, cf. A.Eu. 651, etc.: with Advbs. implying motion,

ἄλλοσε θῆκε Od.23.184

, 204;

ἔχεις.. ὅποι θήσεις Pl.R. 479c

:—[voice] Med.,

ὅποι.. τιθοῖτο X.Mem.3.8.10

.

b with Preps. of local sense,

θεῖσα στέφανον ἀμφὶ βοστρύχοις E.Med. 1160

([voice] Med.,

ἀμφ' ὤμοισι τιθήμενον ἔντεα Il.10.34

); ἀνά τινι or τι, as

ἂμ βωμοῖσι Il.8.441

;

ἀνὰ μυρίκην 10.466

; ἐπί τινος, τινι, or τι, as

εἵματα ἐπ' ἀπήνης Od.6.252

, cf. Il.16.223, etc.;

ἐπὶ κρατὶ κυνέην 15.480

;

πέπλον Ἀθηναίης ἐπὶ γούνασι 6.92

(v. infr.111.2); ἐπὶ [θρόνον τὰ ἱμάτια] Hdt.1.9, cf. A.Supp. 483, etc.; τὴν ἀρχὴν (sc. τοῦ ἐπιδέσμου) κατὰ μεσοφρύου, ἐπὶ ἰνίον, etc., Sor.Fasc.1,2, al.; ὑπό τινι or τι, as

δέμνι' ὑπ' αἰθούσῃ Il.24.644

;

ἀμβροσίην ὑπὸ ῥῖνά τινι Od.4.445

: most freq. with the Preps. ἐν or εἰς, put in or put into.., as

θῆκεν ἐν ἀκμοθέτῳ ἄκμονα Il.18.476

;

τόξα ἐν πυρί 5.215

;

ἐν κίστῃ ἐδωδήν Od.6.76

; ἐν λεχέεσσι θ. [τινά] Il.18.352 (so in [voice] Med., ἐς δίφρον ἄρνας θέτο put into the car, 3.310;

ὁ θεὸς ἔθετο τὰ μέλη ἐν τῷ σώματι 1 Ep.Cor.12.18

); ἐς λάρνακα, ἐς κάπετον, Il.24.795, 797;

ἐς ταφάς S.Aj. 1110

([voice] Med.,

ἐν τάφοισι θέσθε Id.OC 1410

), cf. Ant. 504, Tr. 1254.

c in Poets also with dat. only,

χρήματα μυχῷ ἄντρου Od.13.364

(so in [voice] Med.,

κολεῷ ἄορ θέο 10.333

), cf. S.Tr. 691, E.Hel. 1064.--The same constructions will be found under many of the following heads.

II Special phrases:

1 θεῖναί τινί τι ἐν χερσίν, ἐν χειρί, put it in his hands, Il.1.441, 585, etc.; ἐν χερσί or

χείρεσσί τινος 6.482

, 23.597;

οἶνον Ὀδυσσῆϊ ἐν χείρεσσι Od.14.448

; ἐς χεῖρά τινος into his hand, S.Aj. 751.

2 of women, θέσθαι παῖδα, υἱὸν ὑπὸ ζώνῃ, to have a child put under her girdle, i.e. to conceive, h.Ven. 255, 282.

3 ἐν ὄμμασι θέσθαι set before one's eyes, Pi.N.8.43.

4 set a plant, X.Oec.19.7,9.

b lay a mosaic, PCair.Zen.665.10,15 (iii B.C.).

5 θέσθαι τὴν ψῆφον lay one's voting-pebble on the altar, put it into the urn,

ἐς τεῦχος οὐ διχορρόπως ψήφους ἔθεντο A.Ag. 816

: hence simply, give one's vote, ἐπὶ φόνῳ for death, E.Or. 756 (troch.); ἑωυτῷ in one's own favour, Hdt.8.123;

σὺν τῷ νόμῳ X.Cyr.1.3.17

; εὔφρονα, δικαίαν τὴν ψῆφον τ., A.Supp. 640 (lyr.), Lycurg.128, etc.; and in [voice] Pass.,

ἔστω δὴ φανερὰ ἡ ψῆφος τιθεμένη Pl.Lg. 855d

: also γνώμην θέσθαι, c. inf., give one's opinion, Hdt.7.82;

περὶ ἡμῶν And.3.21

: τίθεσθαι abs., vote,

γνώμῃ S.Ph. 1448

codd. (anap., γνώμην Lambinus), Hld.2.29;

μετά τινος A.Supp. 644

(lyr.);

ἐναντία τινί Pl.Phlb. 58b

; τινι S.E.P.2.37 codd., Lib.Decl.1.65.

6 in Hom., θεῖναί τινί τι ἐν στήθεσσι, ἐν φρεσί, etc., put or plant it in his heart,

ἐν στήθεσσι τιθεῖ νόον Il.13.732

; βουλὴν ἐν στήθεσσι τ. 17.470;

ἔπος ἐν φρεσί 19.121

, al.; also

μένος δέ οἱ ἐν φρεσὶ θῆκε 21.145

:—[voice] Med., ἄγριον ἐν στήθεσσι θέτο θυμόν laid up wrath in his heart, treasured it there, 9.629;

ἐν φρεσὶ θέσθε αἰδῶ καὶ νέμεσιν 13.121

; τοῖσιν κότον αἰνὸν ἔθεσθε harboured enmity against them, 8.449;

καθαρὸν θέμενος νόον Thgn.89

;

θέμενος ἄγναμπτον νόον A.Pr. 164

(lyr.); ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θέσθαι, c. inf., bear in mind, think of doing a thing, Od.4.729;

θ. [τι] ἐν καρδίᾳ Ev.Luc. 1.66

.

7 deposit, as in a bank,

τὰ πρυτανεῖα πρὸς τοὺς ἄρχοντας IG12.22.33

;

θεὶς ἐπὶ τὴν τράπεζαν τὰς τετταράκοντα μνᾶς Hyp.Ath.5

;

ἐνέχυρον τιθέναι τι Ar.Pl. 451

, cf. Ec. 755, D.41.11, PEnteux.32.7 (iii B.C.), etc.:—[voice] Med.,

τὰ ἡμίσεα τῆς οὐσίης θέσθαι παρά τινα Hdt.6.86

.ά, cf. Od.13.207;

τὴν τιμὴν θήσονται ἐπὶ τὴν τράπεζαν, ἕως.. PCair.Zen.723.11

(iii B.C.);

ἐγγύην θέσθαι A.Eu. 898

;

συνθήκας παρά τινι Lycurg.23

:—[voice] Pass.,

τὰ ληφθέντα καὶ τὰ τεθεντα D.49.5

(but [voice] Act. and [voice] Med. are sts. distd., ὁ θείς the mortgagor, ὁ θέμενος the mortgagee,

τοὺς θέντας ἡμᾶς ἢ καὶ τοὺς θεμένους ὑμᾶς Pl.Lg. 820e

, cf. Hyp.Fr. 169, D.53.10; τίθεσθαι seems to have the same meaning as ὑποτίθεσθαι in IG22.43.41, 2758.4, 12(7).55.12 (Arcesine, iv/iii B.C.), but the two are distd. in Supp.Epigr.3.760 (Euboea, iv B.C.)): metaph., χάριν or χάριτα θέσθαι τινί deposit a claim for favour with one, lay an obligation on one, Hdt.9.60, 107, cf. A.Pr. 783, etc.

8 pay down, pay, τόκον, εἰσφοράν, μετοίκιον, D.41.9, 22.43, 29.3;

τὸ γιγνόμενον Id.18.104

;

τὸν πριάμενον ἑκατοστὴν τιθέναι τῆς τιμῆς Thphr.Fr.97.1

;

τὴν τιμήν PRev.Laws 18.13

(iii B.C.);

τὰ μέρη PCair.Zen.218.33

(iii B.C.); [τὰς δραχμὰς] εἰς ἀνήλωμα τοῦ πλοίου ib.753.64 (iii B.C.):—[voice] Med.,

θέμενος ἀρραβῶνα PFlor.303.3

(vi A.D.).

9 put down in writing,

θοῦ δ' ἐν φρενῶν δέλτοισι τοὺς ἐμοὺς λόγους S.Fr. 597

(cj. Nauck):—[voice] Pass.,

τὰ ἐν γράμμασι τεθέντα Pl.Lg. 793b

.

b place to account, reckon, D.27.34,36, 28.13;

θήσω εἰς δύο παῖδας χιλίας δραχμὰς ἑκάστου ἐνιαυτοῦ Lys.32.28

, cf. ib.21:—metaph. in [voice] Med.,

ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀκριβῶς αὐτὸ θήσομαι λίαν E.Med. 532

; τἀγαθὰ ἐς ἀμφίβολον ἀσφαλῶς ἔθεντο reckoned as doubtful, Th.4.18.

10 in military language, τίθεσθαι or θέσθαι τὰ ὅπλα has four senses,

a rest arms, i.e. halt, with arms in an easy position but ready for action, Th.4.44,93, 7.3; θέμενοι ἐς τὴν ἀγορὰν τὰ ὅπλα advancing to the market-place and resting arms there, Id.2.2, cf. Hdt.9.52, X.An.1.5.14, 17, 1.6.4, etc.; εἰς τάξιν τὰ ὅπλα τ. ib.2.2.21, 5.4.11; so ἐν τάξει ib.2.2.8; ἀντία τισί over against them, Hdt.5.74 (in 1.62 ἀντία ἔθεντο τὰ ὅπλα over against it (the temple)); poet., πάτρας ἕνεκα εἰς δῆριν ἔθεντο ὅπλα Inscr. ap. D.18.289.

b bear arms, fight,

τὸ θυμοειδὲς.. ἐν τῇ τῆς ψυχῆς στάσει τίθεσθαι τὰ ὅπλα πρὸς τὸ λογιστικόν Pl.R. 440e

;

τοῦ δήμου.. παρακαλοῦντος τοὺς στρατιώτας τίθεσθαι πρὸς τὴν πόλιν IG22.666.10

;

ὃς ἂν μὴ θῆται τὰ ὅπλα μηδὲ μεθ' ἑτέρων Arist.Ath.8.5

, cf. Lys.31.14, D.21.145; so ὁπόσοιπερ ἂν ὅπλα ἱππικὰ ἢ πεζικὰ τιθῶνται who serve on horseback or on foot, Pl.Lg. 753b, cf. 756a;

ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶ τὰ ὅπλα θέσθαι Plu.Cim.5

.

c lay down one's arms, surrender, D.S.20.31,45; so, without the idea of surrender, θέσθαι τὰς ἀσπίδας X.HG2.4.12 (but [voice] Act.,

τὰ ὅπλα θείς Plu.2.759a

).

d τὰ ὅπλα εὖ τίθεσθε keep your arms in good order, X.Cyr.4.5.3;

εὖ ἀσπίδα θέσθω Il.2.382

.

II lay in the grave, bury,

ἐμὰ σῶν ἀπάνευθε τιθήμεναι ὀστέα 23.83

(freq. with words added, ἐν τάφοισι, ἐς ταφάς, etc., v. supr. 1 b); ποῦ σφε θήσομεν χθονός; A.Th. 1006 (lyr.):— [voice] Pass.,

τὰ δὲ ὀστᾶ φασι.. τεθῆναι.. ἐν τῇ Ἀττικῇ Th.1.138

, cf. Pl.Mx. 242c, Lg. 947e;

ἄλλῳ δὲ μηδενὶ ἐξεῖναι ἐν τῷ πυργίσκῳ τεθῆναι μετὰ τὸ ἐνταφῆναι αὐτήν· ἐπεὶ ὁ θείς τινα ἀσεβὴς ἔστω θεοῖς καταχθονίοις TAM 2(1).51

([place name] Telmessus), cf. 55, al., AJP48.30 ([place name] Apamea), Supp.Epigr. 6.221 ([place name] Phrygia), etc.

12

τιθέναι τὰ γόνατα

kneel down,

Ev.Marc. 15.19

, Ev.Luc.22.41, al.

III set up, of the prizes in games,

ἄεθλα Il.23.263

, etc.; ἀέθλιον ib. 748;

νικητήρια S.Fr. 537

(so in [voice] Pass., τὰ τιθέμενα the prizes, D.61.25); also with the object offered as the prize, τ. δέπας, βοῦν, σόλον, etc., Il.23.656, 750, 826, al., cf. Hdt. 1.144, S.Aj. 573:—this is more fully expressed by ἐς μέσσον τ., Il.23.704: after Hom. more generally, lay before people as common property,

βούλομαι ὑμῖν εἰς τὸ μέσον αὐτὸ θεῖναι Pl.Lg. 719a

;

ἐς μέσον ἀρχὴν τιθεὶς ἰσονομίην ὑμῖν προαγορεύω Hdt.3.142

; so also

τ. τι εἰς τὸ κοινὸν X.Mem.3.14.1

; reading and sense are doubtful in A.Ch. 145.

2 set up in a temple, dedicate,

ἀγάλματα Od.12.347

;

τάσδε.. θεοῖς ἀσπίδας ἔθηκε E.Ph. 576

; so perh. Il.6.92 (v. supr. 1b).

IV assign, award,

τιμήν τινι Il.24.57

;

ὄνομά τινι Pl.Sph. 244d

: esp. in [voice] Med., ὄνομα (or οὔνομα) θέσθαι τινί give a child a name at one's own discretion, Od.18.5, 19.406 (in 19.403 with v.l. θείης), Hdt.1.107, 113, cf. E.Ph.13: ellipt., without

ὄνομα, ᾧ δὴ ἀθροίς ματι ἄνθρωπόν τε τίθενται καὶ λίθον Pl.Tht. 157b

, cf. Cra. 402b: pleonast.,

Ἴωνα δ' αὐτὸν ὄνομα κεκλῆσθαι θήσεται E. Ion75

.

V τιθέναι νόμον down or give a law, of a legislator, S.El. 580, E.Alc.57, Ar.Ach. 532, Pl.R. 339c, D.24.99, etc.:—so in [voice] Med., of Solon, Hdt.1.29; of a people, state, or legislature, give oneself a law, make a law, Pl.R. 338e, Isoc.3.6, Arist. Pol. 1289a14 ([voice] Pass.,

τίθεται νόμος Ar.Nu. 1425

, Pl.Lg. 705e, 744a; τιμωρίαι.. ἐτέθησαν ib. 943d); also

θήσω θεσμόν A.Eu. 484

;

κήρυγμα θεῖναι S.Ant.8

; σκῆψιν τιθέναι allege an excuse, Id.El. 584: c. acc. et inf., order matters so that.., [

ὁ Λυκοῦργος] ἔθηκε θύειν βασιλέα πρὸ τῆς πόλεως τὰ δημόσια ἅπαντα X.Lac.15.2

, cf. 1.5, 2.11; without inf.,

καλῶς ἔθεντο ταῦτα πατέρες οἱ πάλαι E.Or. 512

: c. dat. et inf.,

γυναιξὶ σωφρονεῖν.. θήσει Id.Tr. 1057

.

2 [voice] Med., agree upon,

ἡμέραν θέσθαι D.42.1

,13; so θ. συγγραφήν, ὁμολογίαν, σύμβολόν τινι, etc., PEleph. 2.16 (iii B.C.), PGoodsp.Cair. 6ii 2 (ii B.C.), PRein.11.9 (ii B.C.), etc.

3 execute a document. τ. διαθήκην make a will, Stud.Pal.1.6.3 (v A.D.): so in [voice] Med., PSI10.1119.16 (ii A.D.); θέσθαι τινὸς ἀπαρχήν make out a person's birth-certificate, ib.9.1067.15 (iii B.C.), etc.

VI establish, institute,

ἀγῶνας A.Ag. 845

, cf. X.An.1.2.10; ἐν τοῖς ἀγώνοις οἷς ἁ πόλις τίφητι (sic) Delph.3(3).120.17 (ii B.C.);

πενταετηρίδα Pi.O.3.21

.

VII dispose, order, ordain, bring to pass, of gods,

οὕτω νῦν Ζεὺς θείη Od.8.465

, 15.180;

ὣς ἄο' ἔμελλον θησέμεναι Il.12.35

; [

Ζεὺς] τίθησ' ὅπῃ θέλει Semon.1.2

; τὰ δ' ἄλλα πάντ' ἄνω τε καὶ κάτω στρέφων τίθησιν (sc. Ζεύς) A.Eu. 651; πάντα παγκάκως θεοὶ θέσαν cj. in Id.Pers. 283 (lyr.);

τέλος δ' ἔθηκε Ζεὺς.. καλῶς S.Tr. 26

; κόσμῳ θέντες, as etym. of θεοί, Hdt.2.52; of human beings, administer, manage, [τι] κακῶς θέμεν, εὖ θέμεν, Thgn.845, 846;

τὰ δ' ἄλλα φροντὶς.. θήσει δικαίως A.Ag. 913

; ἐγὼ καὶ σὺ θήσομεν κρατοῦντε τῶνδε δωμάτων καλῶς ib. 1673 (troch.);

ταῦτ' ἐγὼ θήσω καλῶς E.Hipp. 521

, cf. Andr. 737;

τὰ παρ' ὑμῶν εὖ τίθει Ar.Lys. 243

;

τ. τὰ τῶν φίλων ἀσφαλῶς X.Ages.11.12

;

τὰ πράγματ' ὀρθῶς ἂν τιθῇ πράξει καλῶς E.Fr. 287

:—[voice] Med., administer for oneself,

οἶκον εὖ θέσθαι Hes.Op.23

;

ἄνδρας σοφοὺς χρὴ τὸ παρὸν πρᾶγμα καλῶς εἰς δύναμιν τίθεσθαι Cratin. 172

(lyr.), cf. D.23.134, Anon.ap Suid.s.v. τίθεσθαι, Hsch.s.v.

τὸ παρὸν εὖ τίθεσο; ἐν ἀπόρῳ εἴχοντο θέσθαι τὸ παρόν Th.1.25

; τὸ παρὸν εὖ θέσθαι make the best of one's resources or situation, Luc.Nec.21, M. Ant.6.2, cf. Aristid.2.35 J.;

εὐτυχίαν τὴν παροῦσαν ἔξεστι καλῶς θέσθαι Th.4.17

;

τὰ παρόντα θέσθαι καλῶς Ach.Tat.5.11

;

τὰ σεωυτοῦ τιθέμενος εὖ Hdt.7.236

;

τὰ οἰκεῖα εὖ θέμενον Pl.R. 443d

;

τὰ ἴδια ἕκαστοι εὖ βουλόμενοι δὴ θέσθαι Th.4.59

;

τὰ πάντα ὅπως ἂν αὐτῇ ἡδὺ ᾖ οὕτως τίθεσθαι X.Mem.1.4.17

;

εἰ μὴ θήσομαι τἄμ' ὡς ἄριστα E.Andr. 378

;

τὸ σαυτοῦ θέμενος εὖ Id.IT 1003

, cf. Ba.49, HF 605, 938, Hipp. 709, Dionys.Eleg.1.5;

τὰ πρὶν εὖ θέμενος S.El. 1434

; συνετῶν ἀνδρῶν (sc. εἶναι)

, πρὶν γενέσθαι τὰ δυσχερῆ, προνοῆσαι ὅπως μὴ γένηται· ἀνδρείων δέ, γενόμενα εὖ θέσθαι Pittac.

ap. D.L.1.78; τὸ κοινῶς φοβερὸν ἅπαντας εὖ θέσθαι that all should face the common danger, Th.4.61; of wars, quarrels, etc., bring them to a successful issue, but sts. put a good face on them, patch them up,

ἕως ἂν τὸν πόλεμον εὖ θῶνται Id.8.84

;

θήσονται τὸν πόλεμον ᾗ βούλονται Id.1.31

; πόλεμον ἀραμένους οὐ ῥᾴδιον εὐπρεπῶς θέσθαι ib.82;

ὅτῳ τρόπῳ.. τὸ σφέτερον ἀπρεπὲς εὖ θήσονται Id.6.11

;

μεθ' ἧς τὸ νῦν παρεστὸς νεῖκος εὖ θέσθαι χρεών S. OT 633

;

τὸν τρὸς τοὺς Ἐλευσῖνι πόλεμον ὡς μετρίως ἔθεντο Pl.Mx. 243e

; ἄμεινον ἢ τότε ἐθέμεθα τὸν πόλεμον ib. 245e;

τὰς γενομένας συμφορὰς πρὸς ἀλλήλους θέσθαι καλῶς And.1.140

: abs.,

θέσθαι καλῶς S.Fr. 350

:—pass.,

εἰ τεθήσεται κατὰ νοῦν τὰ πράγματα Th.4.120

.

2 in the game of πεττεία, κυβεία, Lat. tesserae (cf. Ter.Adelph.739), to place as skilfully as possible the pieces which have been assigned to one by the luck of the dice,

πεττείᾳ τινὶ ἔοικεν ὁ βίος, καὶ δεῖ ὥσπερ ψῆφόν τινα τίθεσθαι τὸ συμβαῖνον Socr.

ap. Stob.4.56.39;

ὥσπερ ἐν πτώσει κύβων πρὸς τὰ πεπτωκότα τίθεσθαι τὰ αὑτοῦ πράγματα ὅπῃ ὁ λόγος αἱρεῖ βέλτιστ' ἂν ἔχειν Pl.R. 604c

, cf. Plu.Pyrrh.26;

στέργειν δὲ τἀκπεσόντα καὶ θέσθαι πρέπει σοφὸν κυβευτήν S.Fr. 947

; τὰ δεσποτῶν γὰρ εὖ πεσόντα θήσομαι I will take advantage of my master's good luck, A.Ag.32: many of the passages cited in A. v11. I may be metaph. applications of this sense.

B put in a certain state or condition, much the same as ποιεῖν, ποιεῖσθαι, and so often to be rendered by our make:

I folld. by an attributive Subst., make one something, with the predicate in apposition, θεῖναί τινα αἰχμητήν, ἱέρειαν, μάντιν, etc., Il.1.290, 6.300, Od.15.253, etc.;

θ. τινὰ ἀρχέπολιν Pi.P.9.54

; θεῖναί τινα ἄλοχόν τινος make her another's wife, of a third person who negotiates a marriage, Il.19.298 (for [voice] Med., v. infr. 3); ἥτε με τοῖον ἔθηκεν ὅπως ἐθέλει who has made me such as she will, Od.16.208; σῦς ἔθηκας ἑταίρους thou hast made my comrades swine, 10.338; so [

νῆα] λᾶαν ἔθηκε 13.163

, cf. Il.2.319, etc.;

ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποπόδιον LXX Ps.109(110).1

; but γέλων ἔθηκε συνδείπνοις caused them laughter, E. Ion 1172; λόγους εἰς μέτρα τ. put them into verse, Pl. Lg. 669d.

2 with an Adj. for the attributive, θεῖναί τινα ἀθάνατον καὶ ἀγήρων make him undying and undecaying, Od.5.136; πηρόν, τυφλόν, ἀφνειὸν τ. τινά, Il.2.599, 6.139, 9.483;

τὸν μὲν.. θῆκε μείζονά τ' εἰσιδέειν καὶ πάσσονα Od.6.229

, cf. 18.195, Pl.Prt. 344d.

b of things, ἅλιον πόνον, πόνον οὐκ ἀτέλεστον, πάντα μεταμώνια, Il.4.26,57, 363;

ὄλεθρον ἀπευθέα θῆκε Κρονίων Od.3.88

, cf. 11.274;

ἀποίητον θέμεν ἔργων τέλος Pi.O.2.17

;

ἀρὰν τ. ἀλαθῆ A.Th. 944

(lyr.); ἀναστάτους οἴκους τ. S.Ant. 674;

τ. λεῖον τὸν τραχὺν ἐχῖνον Ar. Pax 1086

; τὸ πραχθὲν ἀγένητον τ. Pl.Prt. 324b.

3 freq. in [voice] Med., γυναῖκα or ἄκοιτιν θέσθαι τινά make her one's wife, Od.21.72, 316, B.5.169; παῖδα τὸν αὑτᾶς πόσιν θ. take her own son as husband, A.Th. 929 (lyr.).

b υἱὸν θέσθαι τινά, like ποιεῖσθαι, make one's son, adopt, Pl.Lg. 929c, etc.: abs., θέσθαι τινά adopt, Plu.Aem.5.

c generally,

προσφιλῆ θέσθαι τινά S.Ph. 532

; but φίλον ἐμαυτῷ θ. deem my friend, Id.Ant. 188; γέλωτα θέσθαι τινά make him one's butt, Hdt.3.29, 7.209.

4 c. inf., make one do so and so, τιθέναι τινὰ νικᾶσαι make him conquer, Pi.N.10.48 (dub.);

μετατραπεῖν Id.Fr. 177

;

τὸν πάθει μάθος θέντα κυρίως ἔχειν A.Ag. 178

(lyr.), cf. 1036, 1174 (lyr.), E.Med. 718, Heracl. 990, etc.

II in reference to mental action, when [voice] Med. is more freq. than [voice] Act., lay down. assume, hold, reckon or regard as.., τί δ' ἐλέγχεα ταῦτα τίθεσθε; Od.21.333;

δαιμόνιον αὐτὸ τίθημ' ἐγώ S.El. 1270

(lyr.);

τοιοῦτον θέντες τὸν δίκαιον Pl.R. 361b

, cf. 430b ([voice] Med.); θὲς δή μοι.. now suppose so and so, Id.Tht. 191c;

εὐεργέτημά τι θεῖναι D.1.10

; with

ὡς, θέντες ὡς ὑπάρχον εἶναι ὃ βούλονται Pl.R. 458a

, cf. Phd. 100a;

μὴ τοῦτο ὡς ἀδίκημα θῇς D.18.193

.

2 folld. by Advbs., ποῦ χρὴ τίθεσθαι ταῦτα; in what light must we regard these things? S.Ph. 451; οὐδαμοῦ τιθέναι τι hold of no account, E.Andr. 210; πρόσθεν or ἐπίπροσθέν τινος τιθέναι τι, Id.Hec. 129 (anap.), Supp. 515; πόρρω τίθεσθαί τί τινων set far below.., D.18.299.

3 folld. by Preps.,

τ. τινὰ ἐν φιλοσόφοις Pl.R. 475d

;

ἐν τοῖς φίλοις X.Mem.2.4.4

; also εἰς ὁποτέραν (of two classes) Pl.Sph. 264c; εἰς τὸν δῆμον, εἰς τοὺς πλουσίους, X.Mem.4.2.39; also

οὐκ ἐν λόγῳ τίθεσθαί τινα Tyrt.12.1

;

ἐν τιμῇ τίθεσθαί τινα Hdt.3.3

;

ἐν αἰτίῃ τιθέναι τινά Id.8.99

; ἐν οἰωνῷ τινι τοῦ μέλλοντος, ἐν ἐπαίνῳ, ἐν γέλωτι τίθεσθαι, Plu.Alex.31, Cat.Ma.20, TG17; θέσθαι παρ' οὐδέν set at naught, A.Ag. 230 (lyr.), E.IT 732, cf. Pl.Phdr. 252a (but

ἐν οὐδενί BGU1816.23

(i B.C.), Supp.Epigr.7.1.6 (Susa, i A.D., Epist.Artabani));

ἐν παρέργῳ θοῦ με S.Ph. 473

; πάντα ταῦτ' ἐν εὐχερεῖ ἔθου ib. 876;

ταῦτ' ἐν αἰσχρῷ θέμενος E. Hec. 806

;

ἐν ἀδικήματι θέσθαι τι Th.1.35

;

ἐν ἀδικήματος μέρει τιθέναι τι D.23.148

; θέσθαι τὰ δίκαια ἔκ τινος estimate them by.., Id.8.8.

4 c. partit. gen., ἐμὲ θὲς τῶν πεπεις μένων put me down as one of the convinced, Pl.R. 424c, cf. 376e, 437b; τῆς ἡμετέρας ἀμελείας ἄν τις θείη might reckon it as due to our carelessness, D.1.10.

5 c. inf., οὐ τίθημ' ἐγὼ ζῆν τοῦτον I hold not that he lives, count him not as living, S.Ant. 1166: so in [voice] Med., Pl.Phd. 93c, D. 25.43,44: rarely c. part., θήσω ἀδικοῦντα [αὐτόν] Id.23.76, cf. Pl. Prt. 343e, Ap. 27c.

6 elliptically, lay down, assume, θῶμεν δύο εἴδη (sc. εἶναι) Id.Phd. 79a, etc.; θήσω οὕτω (sc. εἶναί τι) D.23.85, cf. Arist.Pol. 1290a30.

7 affirm, opp. αἴρω (deny), τὸ ἐπέκεινα ὄντος οὐ τόδε λέγει- οὐ γὰρ τίθησιν-- the phrase 'beyond being' does not denote a 'this' (for it is not an affirmation), Plot.5.5.6.

C without any attributive word following, make, work, execute, of an artist,

ἐν δ' ἐτίθει νειόν Il.18.541

, cf. 550, 561, 607; [

δόρπον] θησέμεναι Od.20.394

.

2 make, cause, bring to pass,

ἔργα Il.3.321

;

τ. κέλαδον καὶ ἀϋτήν 9.547

;

ὀρυμαγδόν Od.9.235

;

ἔριν μετ' ἀμφοτέροισιν 3.136

; φιλότητα, ὅρκια μετ' ἀμφ., Il.4.83, Od.24.546: c. dat. pers.,

σῆμα τιθεὶς Τρώεσσι Il.8.171

;

Ἀχαιοῖς ἄλγε' ἔθηκεν 1.2

, etc.;

πᾶσι δ' ἔθηκε πόνον 21.524

, cf. 15.721, 16.262;

φόως ἑτάροισιν 6

6, etc.;

χάρματ' ἄλλοις ἔθηκεν Pi.O.2.99

;

πόλει κατασκαφὰς θέντες A. Th.47

;

εἰρήνην φίλοις Id.Pers. 769

;

αἷμα θήσεις E.Ba. 837

(s. v.l.).

3 freq. in [voice] Med., make or prepare for oneself, θέσθαι κέλευθον make oneself a road, open a way, Il.12.418;

θέτο δῶμα Od.15.241

; τίθεντο δὲ δαῖτα, δόρπα, Il.7.475, 9.88 (but δαῖτα τίθενται are holding a feast, Od.17.269); μεγάλην ἐπιγουνίδα θέσθαι to make oneself, get a large thigh, Od.17.225; θέσθαι μάχην engage in.., Il.24.402;

δυσμενέεσσι πόνον καὶ δῆριν ἔθεντο 17.158

; ἱδρῶτα τίθεσθαι have an access of perspiration, Hp.Decent.2; μαρτύρια θέσθαι produce as testimony, Hdt.8.55; ἀνδρὸς αἰδοίου πρόσοψιν θηκάμενος putting on the aspect of a reverend man, Pi.P.4.29, cf. Hsch. s.v. θήκατο; πόνον πλέω τίθου work thyself the more annoy, A.Eu. 226;

εὐκλεᾶ θέσθαι βίον S.Ph. 1422

, etc.

4 periphr. for a single Verb. μνηστήρων σκέδασιν θεῖναι make a scattering, Od.1.116; θέμεν κρυφόν, νέμεσιν, αἶνον, for κρύπτειν, νεμεσῦν, αἰνεῖν, Pi.O.2.97, 8.86, N.1.5;

μὴ σχολὴν τίθει A. Ag. 1059

; ὑμῖν ἔθηκε σὺν θεοῖς σωτηρίαν (v.l. προμηθίαν) E.Med. 915:— also in [voice] Med., θέσθαι μάχην, for μάχεσθαι, Il.24.402; θέσθαι θυσίαν, γάμον, for θύειν, γαμεῖσθαι, Pi.O.7.42, 13.53; σπουδήν, πρόνοιαν θέσθαι, S.Aj.13, 536, cf. Pi.P.4.276;

θ. ἐπιστροφὴν πρό τινος S.OT 134

;

περὶ τούτων οἰκονομίας PEnteux.22.6

(iii B.C.); and c. gen., θ. λησμοσύναν, συγγνωμοσύνην τινῶν, S.Ant. 151 (lyr.), Tr. 1265 (anap.). (Cf. Lith. dēti 'lay (eggs, etc.)', Skt. dáti 'lay down, place', Lat. -do in con-do, etc., Engl. do, doom.)

ἀποδίδωμι, [tense] fut. - δώσω: [tense] aor. 1 ἀπέδωκα: [tense] aor. 2

A

ἀπέδων A.D.Synt. 276.9

, shortened inf. ἀποδοῦν prob. in Hsch.:— give up or back, restore, return,

τινί τι Hom.

, etc.: esp. render what is due, pay, as debts, penalties, submission, honour, etc.,

τοκεῦσι θρέπτρα Il.4.478

; ἀ. τινὶ λώβην give him back his insuit, i.e. make atonement for it, ib.9.387 (tm.);

τὴν πλημμέλειαν LXXNu.5.7

;

εὖ ἔρδοντι κακὴν ἀ. ἀμοιβήν Thgn.1263

;

ἀ. τὴν ὁμοίην τινί Hdt.4.119

;

ἀμοιβάς Democr.92

;

κακὸν ἀντ' ἀγαθοῦ Id.93

; ἀ. τὸ μόρσιμον pay the debt of fate, Pi.N.7.44;

τὸ χρέος Hdt.2.136

;

τὸν ναῦλον Ar.Ra. 270

; τὴν ζημίαν, τὴν καταδίκην, Th.3.70, 5.50;

τὴν φερνήν PEleph.1.11

(iv B. C.);

εὐχάς X.Mem.2.2.10

;

ἀ. ὀπίσω ἐς Ἡρακλείδας τὴν ἀρχήν Hdt.1.13

, etc.;

πόλεις ἀ. τοῖς παρακαταθεμένοις Aeschin.3.85

;

ἀ. χάριτας Lys.31.24

;

οὐκ ἐς χάριν ἀλλ' ἐς ὀφείλημα τὴν ἀρετ ὴν ἀ. Th.2.40

;

ἀ. χάριν τινός Isoc.6.73

; [

τὴν πόλιν] ἀ. τοῖς ἐπιγιγνομένοις οἵανπερ παρὰ τῶν πατέρων παρελάβομεν X.HG7.1.30

:—[voice] Pass.,

ἔως κ' ἀπὸ πάντα δοθείη Od.2.78

; ἀ. μισθός, χάριτες, Ar.Eq. 1066, Th.3.63.

2 assign,

ταῖς γυναιξὶ μουσικὴν καὶ γυμναστικήν Pl.R. 456b

;

τὸ δίκαιον καὶ τὸ συμφέρον Arist.Rh. 1354b3

, cf. 1356a15;

τὸ πρὸς ἀλκὴν ὅπλον ἀ. ἡφύσις Id.GA 759b3

, etc.

b refer to one, as belonging to his department,

εἰς τοὺς κριτὰς τὴν κρίσιν Pl.Lg. 765b

; ἀ. εἰς τὴν βουλὴν περὶ αὐτῶν refer their case to the Council, Isoc.18.6, cf. Lys.22.2, etc.

3 render, yield, of land, ἐπὶ διηκόσια ἀποδοῦναι (sc. καρπόν) yield fruit two hundred-fold, Hdt.1.193;

τἅλλα δ' ἅν τις καταβάλη ἀπέδωκεν ὀρθεῶς Men.Georg.38

; ἤν ἡ χώρη κατὰ λόγον ἐπιδιδοῖ ἐς ὕψος καὶ τὸ ὅμοιον ἀποδιδοῖ ἐς αὔξησιν renders, makes a like increase in extent, Hdt.2.13:—hence perh. metaph.,

τὸ ἔργον ἀ. Arist.EN 1106a16

;

ἀ. δάκρυ E.HF 489

.

4 concede, allow, c. inf., suffer or allow a person to do,

ἀ. τισὶ αὐτονομεῖσθαι Th.1.144

, cf. 3.36;

εἰ δὲ τοῖς μὲν.. ἐπιτάττειν ἀποδώσετε D.2.30

;

ἀ. κολάζειν Id.23.56

;

τῷ δικαστηρίῳ ἀποδίδοται τοῦ φόνου τὰς δίκας δικάζειν Lys.1.30

;

ἀ. τινὶ ζητεῖν Arist.Pol. 1341b30

, cf. Po. 1454b5; also

οὔτε ἀπολογίας ἀποδοθείσης And.4.3

; ἐπειδὰν αὐτοῖς ὁ λόγος ἀποδοθῆ when right of speech is allowed them, Aeschin.3.54.

5 ἀ. τινά with an Adj., render or make so and so, like ἀποδείκνυμι, ἀ. τὴν τέρψιν βεβαιοτέραν Isoc.1.46;

τέλειον ἀ. τὸ τέκνον Arist.GA 733b1

;

δεῖ τὰς ἐνεργείας ποιὰς ἀ. Id.EN 1103b22

;

μετριωτέραν τὴν ὑπερηφανίαν D.H.7.16

.

b exhibit, display,

τὴν ὑπάρχουσαν ἀρετήν And.1.109

; ἀ. τὴν ἰδίαν μορφήν render, express it, Arist.Po. 1454b10; ἀ. φαντασίαν τινός present appearance of, Phld.Ir.p.71 W., al.

6 deliver over, give up, e.g. as a slave, E. Cyc. 239;

ἀ. τὸν μιαρὸν τῶ χρόνῳ φῆναι Antipho 4.4.11

.

7 ἀ. ἐπιστολήν deliver a letter, Th.7.10, cf. E.IT 745.

8 ἀ. τὸν ἀγῶνα ὀρθῶς καὶ καλῶς bring it to a conclusion, Lycurg.149.

9 λόγον ἀ. render an account, D.27.48:—[voice] Pass., μαρτυρίαι ἀ. Test. ap. D.18.137.

10 ἀ. ὅρκον, v. ὅρκος.

11 give an account or definition of a thing, explain it, E.Or. 150;

ἀ. τί ἐστί τι Arist.Cat. 2b8

, cf. 1a10, Metaph. 1040b30, al.; ἑπομένως τούτοις ἀ. τὴν ψυχήν Id.de.An. 405a4, cf. Ph. 194b34, al.; also, use by way of definition,

ὁ μὲν τὴν ὕλην ἀποδίδωσιν, ὁ δὲ τὸ εἶδος Id.de An. 403b1

; simply, define,

τὸν ἄνθρωπον S.E.M.7.272

; expound, Phld.D.3.14, cf. Epicur.Nat.14.3, 119G., 143 G.; render, interpret one word by another,

ἀ. τὴν κοτύλην ἄλεισον Ath.11.479c

; explain, interpret,

τὸ φωνὴν αἵματος βοᾶν Ph.1.209

:—[voice] Pass.,

βέλτιον ἀποδοθήσεται Epicur.Ep.1

P.15 U.;

ἀκριβεστέρως ἀποδοθήσεται A.D.Synt.45.21

;

ἀ. τι πρός τι

use with reference to,

Olymp.in Mete.281.10

, cf. Sch.Ar.Pl. 538.

12 attach or append, make dependent upon, τί τινι or

εἴς τι Hero Aut.24.5

, 6, 2.

13 ἀ. τί τινος assign a property to a thing, Arist.Top. 128b28.

II intr., return, recur, Id.GA 722a8, HA 585b32.

2 Rhet. and Gramm., introduce a clause answering to the πρότασις, Id.Rh. 1407a20;

διὰ μακροῦ ἀ. D.H.Dem.9

, etc.; cf.

ἀπόδοσις 11.2

; οὐκ ἀποδίδωσι τὸ ἐπεί has no apodosis, Sch.Od.3.103; esp. in similes, complete the comparison, Arist.Rh. 1413a11.

3 in Tactics, turn back to face the enemy,

εἰς ὀρθόν Ascl.Tact.10.12

, etc.

4 Medic. in [voice] Pass., to be evacuated,

σὺν τοῖς περιττώμασιν Dsc.4.82

.

III [voice] Med., give away of one's own will, sell, Ar.Av. 585, Hdt.1.70, etc.; ἀ. τι ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα take to Greece and sell it there, Id.2.56: c. gen. pretii, Ar.Ach. 830, Pax 1237;

οὐκ ἄν ἀπεδόμην πολλοῦ τὰς ἐλπίδας Pl.Phd. 98b

; ἀ. τῆς ἀξίας, τοῦ εὑρίσκοντος, sell for its worth, for what it will fetch, Aeschin.1.96; ὅταν τις οἰκέτην πονηρὸν πωλῆ (= offer for sale)

καὶ ἀποδῶται τοῦ εὑρόντος X.Mem.2.5.5

, cf. Thphr. Char.15.4;

διδοῦσι [τὰς νέας] πενταδράχμους ἀποδόμενοι Hdt.6.89

; ἀ. εἰσαγγελίαν sell, i.e. take a bribe to forgo, the information, D.25.47;

οἱ δραχμῆς ἄν ἀποδόμενοι τὴν πόλιν X.HG 2.3.48

; at Athens, esp. farm out the public taxes, D.20.60, opp. ὠνέομαι: metaph.,

οἷον πρὸς ἄργυρον τὴν δόξαν τὰς ψυχάς Jul.Or.1.42b

:—[voice] Act. and [voice] Med. are distinguished in Lex ap.And.1.97 πάντα ἀποδόμενος τὰ ἡμίσεα ἀποδώσω τῷ ἀποκτείναντι: but [voice] Act. is used in med. sense in Th.6.62 (s.v.l.), cf. Foed.Delph.Pell. 2 A 22, and possibly in E.Cyc. 239, Ar.Ra. 1235: [voice] Med. for [voice] Act. in Antipho Fr.54:—[voice] Pass., to be sold, Hsch.

κατάρχ-ω,

A make beginning of a thing, c.gen., τίνες κατῆρξαν.. μάχης; A.Pers. 351; ὁδοῦ κατάρχειν lead the way, S.OC 1019;

δεινοῦ λόγου Id.Tr. 1135

;

λόγων Χρησίμων Ar.Lys. 638

, cf. Pl.Prt. 351e, etc.;

τραυμάτων Ascl.Tact.7.1

; τὸ κατάρχον αἰσθήσεως, τῆς κινήσεως, the source of perception, of motion, Gal. 5.588: rarely c. acc., begin a thing,

θαυμαστόν τινα λόγον Pl.Euthd. 283b

: c. part., begin doing, X.Cyr.1.4.4, 4.5.58: abs., Pl.Smp. 177e, Arist.Mu. 399a15.

2 θανόντα δεσπόταν γόοις κατάρξω I will lead the dirge over.., E.Andr. 1199 (lyr., with reference to the religious sense, infr. 11.2).

II [voice] Med., begin, like [voice] Act., c. gen.,

ἐχθρᾶς ἡμέρας κατάρχεται Id.Ph. 540

;

τοῖς κατηργμένοις τῆς πορείας Pl.Phdr. 256d

;

κ. τῆς προσβολῆς Plb.2.67.1

;

τοῦ λόγου Plu.2.151e

: c. acc., κ. νόμον, στεναγμόν, E.Hec. 685 (s. v. l.), Or. 960 (both lyr.): abs., κατάρχεται μέλος is beginning, Id.HF 750 (lyr.), cf. 891 (lyr.);

τὸ -άρξασθαι Ael. Tact.17

.

2 in religious sense, begin the sacrificial ceremonies, once in Hom.,

Νέστωρ Χέρνιβά τ' οὐλοχύτας τε κατήρχετο Nestor

began [the sacrifice] with the washing of hands and sprinkling the barley on the victim's head, Od.3.445: abs., Hdt.4.60, 103, And.1.126; κατάρχομαι μέν, σφάγια δ' ἄλλοισιν μέλει I begin the rite, but leave the slaughter of the victim to others, E.IT40; ἐπὶ τῶν θυσιῶν κριθαῖς κ. D.H.2.25: c. gen., κατάρχεσθαι τοῦ τράγου make a beginning of the victim, i. e. consecrate him for sacrifice by cutting off the hair of his forehead, Ar.Av. 959; ἐπεὶ δὲ αὐτοῦ (sc. Ἡρακλέος)

πρὸς τῷ βωμῷ κατάρχοντο Hdt.2.45

; πῶς δ' αὖ κατάρξῃ θυμάτων; E.Ph. 573, cf.IT56, 1154;

κατάρξασθαι τῶν ἱερῶν D.21.114

: metaph.,

σκυτάλην λαβών μου κατήρξατο Luc.Somn.3

, cf. Plu.Caes.66:—so later in [voice] Act., Hld.2.34, al.

b sacrifice, slay, ξίφει, φασγάνῳ κ., E.Alc.74, El. 1222 (lyr.):— [voice] Pass., ᾗ (sc. τῇ θεᾷ) σὸν κατῆρκται σῶμα hath been devoted, Id.Heracl. 601.

III [voice] Act., rule, govern, c. gen., Alciphr.3.44 (s.v.l.).

IV κατάρξω ὑμᾶς ἐν σκορπίοις will chastise you.., LXX 3 Ki.12.24r.

μᾰλάσσω, [dialect] Att. [suff] μᾰλάκ-ττω, [tense] fut. -ξω E.Or. 1201: ([etym.] μαλακός):—

A make soft,

I of dressing leather, make it supple, Luc.Anach.24;

μ. δέρμα Hp.Aph. 5.22

, of the human skin:—hence, with reference to Cleon's trade of tanner, μ. τινά give one a hiding, Ar.Eq. 388: metaph., ἐν παγκρατίου στόλῳ μαλαχθείς worsted in it, Pi.N.3.16; χηλῇ μαλαχθείς crushed by the hoof, of a toad, Babr.28.6.

2 soften metal or other materials for working,

ὥσπερ σίδηρον μ. Pl.R. 411b

:—[voice] Pass., Arist. Mete. 383a31.

3 calm, μαλάξοντες βιατὰν πόντον, of the Dioscuri, Lyr.Adesp.133.

II metaph., soften, appease, σπλάγχνον, ὀργάς, E. Or. 1201, Alc. 771; χρόνος μαλάξει σε will relieve thee, ib. 381, cf. 1085; [θωπεῖαι] τοὺς θυμοὺς μαλάττουσαι ποιοῦσιν κηρίνους interpol. in Pl.Lg. 633d;

μ. τὸ τῆς φύσεως σκληρόν Plb.4.21.3

;

μ. τὰ ἤθη Plu.2.156d

:— [voice] Pass., to be softened, relent,

πρὸς θεῶν, μαλάσσου S.Aj. 594

; τί κακόν ποτ' ἔσθ' ὅτῳ μαλάττομαι; Ar.V. 973; τῶν ψυχῶν -ομένων (by music) Phld.Mus.p.33 K.; μ. νόσου to be relieved from disease, S.Ph. 1334; of fever, remit, Hp.Epid.3.17.5, cf. Coac. 380;

τὰ πολλὰ τῶν δεινῶν ἡμέρας μαλάσσεται S.Fr.65

.

δίκαιος, αία, ον (s. δικαιοσύνη; Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.)

① pert. to being in accordance with high standards of rectitude, upright, just, fair

ⓐ of humans

α. In Gr-Rom. tradition a δ. pers. is one who upholds the customs and norms of behavior, including esp. public service, that make for a well-ordered, civilized society (Hom, Od. 6, 120f hospitality and fear of God mark an upright pers.; Dem. 3, 21 a δίκαιος πολίτης gives priority to the interest of the state). Such perspective opened a bridge to Greco-Romans for understanding of Jewish/Christian perspectives: e.g. the description of an eccl. overseer (w. σώφρων, ὅσιος) Tit 1:8. Both polytheistic and monotheistic societies closely associated uprightness, with special reference to behavior toward humans (cp. Pla., Rep. 4, 443; Aristot. EN 5, 1, 1129a-1130a), and piety in reference esp. to familial obligations and deity (Augustus enshrined the perspective, taking pride in being awarded a crown for his δικαιοσύνη and εὐσέβεια Res Gestae 34). In keeping with OT tradition, NT writers emphasize a connection between upright conduct and sense of responsibility to God; δ. like צַדִּיק=conforming to the laws of God and people. General definition ὁ ποιῶν τὴν δικαιοσύνην δ. ἐστιν one who does what is right, is righteous 1J 3:7; cp. Rv 22:11.—Ro 5:7. δικαίῳ νόμος οὐ κεῖται law does not apply to an upright person 1 Ti 1:9. οὐκ ἔστιν δίκαιος Ro 3:10 (cp. Eccl 7:20); δ. παρὰ τῷ θεῷ righteous in the sight of God Ro 2:13; δ. ἐναντίον τοῦ θεοῦ (Gen 7:1; Job 32:2) Lk 1:6. W. φοβούμενος τὸν θεόν of Cornelius Ac 10:22. W. εὐλαβής (Pla., Pol. 311ab ἤθη εὐλαβῆ κ. δίκαια, τὸ δικαιον κ. εὐλαβές) Lk 2:25. W. ἀγαθός (Kaibel 648, 10; Jos., Ant. 8, 248; 9, 132 ἀνὴρ ἀγ. κ. δίκ.; s. ἀγαθός 2aα) 23:50; ἀθῷος (Sus 53) 1 Cl 46:4; ὅσιος (En 103:9) 2 Cl 15:3; ταπεινός B 19:6. (ὡς δίκαιον καὶ ἀναμάρτητον Just., D. 47, 5). Serving God w. a pure heart makes one δ. 2 Cl 11:1. Hence the δίκαιοι=the just, the upright in a specif. Israelite-Christian sense Mt 13:43 (cp. Da 12:3 Theod.) Lk 1:17; 1 Pt 3:12 (Ps 33:16); 1 Cl 22:6 (Ps 33:16); 33:7; 45:3f; 48:3 (Ps 117:20); 2 Cl 6:9; 17:7; 20:3f; B 11:7 (Ps 1:5f); MPol 14:1; 17:1; also of those who only appear upright (cp. Pr 21:2) Mt 23:28; Lk 18:9; 20:20; specifically of Christians Mt 10:41; Ac 14:2 D; 1 Pt 4:18 (Pr 11:31); Hv 1, 4, 2. W. apostles MPol 19:2; cp. 1 Cl 5:2. Esp. of the righteous of the OT: πατέρες δ. 1 Cl 30:7. W. prophets Mt 13:17; 23:29 (perh. teachers: DHill, NTS 11, ’64/65, 296–302). Of Abel (Did., Gen. 181, 10) Mt 23:35 (construction with τοῦ αἵματος deserves consideration: GKilpatrick, BT 16, ’65, 119); Hb 11:4; Enoch 1 Cl 9:3; Lot 2 Pt 2:7f (Noah: Just., D. 20, 1; 138, 1; δίκαιοι καὶ πατριάρχαι ibid. 67, 7); John the Baptist (w. ἅγιος) Mk 6:20; δ. τετελειωμένοι just persons made perfect (i.e., who have died) Hb 12:23. Opp. ἄδικοι (Pr 17:15; 29:27; En 99:3; 100:7) Mt 5:45; Ac 24:15; 1 Pt 3:18; ἁμαρτωλοί (Ps 1:5; En 104:6 and 12; PsSol 2:34) Mt 9:13; Mk 2:17; Lk 5:32; 15:7; ἁμαρτωλοί and ἀσεβεῖς (Ps 1:5f) 1 Ti 1:9; 1 Pt 4:18 (Pr 11:31); πονηροί (Pr 11:15) Mt 13:49 (μοχθηροί Tat. 3, 2). W. regard to the Last Judgment, the one who stands the test is δ. righteous Mt 25:37, 46.—Ro 1:17 (s. ζάω 2bβ); Gal 3:11; Hb 10:38 (all three Hab 2:4; cp. Larfeld I 494); Ro 5:19. Resurrection of the just Lk 14:14; prayer Js 5:16; cp. 5:6 (1bβ below). Joseph, who is interested in doing the right thing honorable, just, good (Jos., Ant. 15, 106; Diod S 33, 5, 6 ἀνδρὸς εὐσεβοῦς κ. δικαίου; Conon [I B.C.–I A.D.]: 26 Fgm. 1, 17 Jac.; Galen CMG V/10, 3 p. 33, 13f [XVIII/1 p. 247 K.] ἄνδρες δ.) Mt 1:19 (w. connotation of ‘merciful’ DHill, ET 76, ’65, 133f; s. δικαιοσύνη 3b).

β. of things relating to human beings ἔργα 1J 3:12; αἷμα δ. (Jo 4:19; La 4:13=αἷμα δικαίου Pr 6:17, where αἷ. δίκαιον is a v.l.) blood of an upright, or better, an innocent man Mt 23:35 (s. 1bβ below), and esp. 27:4, where δ. is v.l. for ἀθῷον; AcPl Ha 11, 8; ψυχὴ δ. upright soul (cp. Pr 10:3; s. also GrBar 10:5) 2 Pt 2:8; πνεῦμα δ. upright spirit Hm 5, 2, 7; ἐντολή (w. ἁγία and ἀγαθή) Ro 7:12. κρίσις (Dt 16:18; Is 58:2; 2 Macc 9:18; 3 Macc 2:22; Jos., Ant. 9, 4) J 5:30; 7:24; 8:16 v.l.; 2 Th 1:5; B 20:2. Pl. Rv 16:7; 19:2. φύσει δικαίᾳ by an upright nature IEph 1:1 (Hdb. ad loc.; Orig., C. Cels. 5, 24, 8); ὁδὸς δ. (Vi. Aesopi I G 85 P. of the ‘right way’) 2 Cl 5:7; B 12:4; pl. Rv 15:3.

ⓑ of transcendent beings. Because of their privileged status as authority figures, the idea of fairness or equity is associated w. such entities (for δ. in the sense of ‘equitable’ in a very explicit form s. Strabo 4, 18, 7).

α. God (NRhizos, Καππαδοκικά 1856, p. 113: it is gener. assumed that deities are just or fair, but the attribute is esp. affirmed in an ins fr. Tyana Θεῷ δικαίῳ Μίθρᾳ.—JMordtmann, MAI 10, 1885, 11–14 has several exx. of ὅσιος κ. δίκαιος as adj. applied to gods in west Asia Minor.—δικ. of Isis: PRoussel, Les cultes égypt. à Delos 1916, p. 276.—Oft. in OT; Jos., Bell. 7, 323, Ant. 11, 55 [w. ἀληθινός]; Just., A II, 12, 6, D. 23, 2) just, righteous w. ref. to God’s judgment of people and nations κριτὴς δ. a righteous judge (Ps 7:12; 2 Macc 12:6; PsSol 9:2; cp. the description of Rhadamanthys, Pind., O. 2, 69) 2 Ti 4:8; δ. ἐν τοῖς κρίμασιν 1 Cl 27:1; 60:1; cp. 56:5 (Ps 140:5); πατὴρ δ. J 17:25; cp. Ro 3:26; 1J 2:29; cp. 3:7; ὁ θεὸς ὁ παντοκράτωρ δ. AcPlCor 2:12. W. ὅσιος (Ps 144:17; Dt 32:4) Rv 16:5. W. πιστός 1J 1:9.

β. of Jesus who, as the ideal of an upright pers. is called simply ὁ δ. the upright one (HDechent, D. ‘Gerechte’, Eine Bezeichnung für d. Messias: StKr 100, 1928, 439–43) Ac 7:52; 22:14; Mt 27:19, cp. 24 v.l.; 1J 2:1; 3:7b; Lk 23:47 (for Gr-Rom. associations in favor of upright, esp. in Lk 23:47 s. Danker, Benefactor ’82, 345f. GKilpatrick, JTS 42, ’41, 34–36, prefers innocent, so also Goodsp., Probs. 90f, but against this interp. s. RHanson, Hermathena 60, ’42, 74–78; RKarris, JBL 105, ’86, 65–74). W. ἅγιος Ac 3:14. On the qu. whether Js 5:6 applies to Jesus, s. KAland, TLZ ’44, 103 and MDibelius, Commentary (Hermeneia), ad loc. (but s. Greeven’s note in this comm. p. 240, 58: ‘perhaps a veiled, melancholy allusion to the death of James’).—Also of angels Hs 6, 3, 2.

② The neuter denotes that which is obligatory in view of certain requirements of justice, right, fair, equitable (Dio Chrys. 67 [17], 12; Jos., Ant. 15, 376; cp. Strabo 4, 18, 7; s. Larfeld I 494) δ. παρὰ θεῷ it is right in the sight of God 2 Th 1:6. Also δ. ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ Ac 4:19; δ. καὶ ὅσιον it is right and holy 1 Cl 14:1, pl. Phil 4:8; δ. ἐστιν it is right Eph 6:1; w. inf. foll. Phil 1:7; 1 Cl 21:4 (cp. Hyperid. 6, 14; PSI 442, 14 [III B.C.] οὐ δίκαιόν ἐστι οὕτως εἶναι; Sir 10:23; 2 Macc 9:12; 4 Macc 6:34); δ. ἡγοῦμαι I consider it right (Diod S 12, 45, 1 δ. ἡγοῦντο) 2 Pt 1:13; τὸ δ. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 97 §409 τὸ δ.=the just cause; Arrian, Anab. 3, 27, 5; Polyb.; IMagnMai; SEG XLI, 625, 5; pap; 2 Macc 4:34; 10:12; 3 Macc 2:25; EpArist; Jos., Bell. 4, 340 Ant. 16, 158; το νῦν δ. Tat. 1, 3) what is right Lk 12:57. τὸ δ. παρέχεσθαι give what is right Col 4:1. ὸ̔ ἐὰν ᾖ δ. δώσω ὑμῖν whatever is right I will give you Mt 20:4 (Diod S 5, 71, 1 τὸ δίκαιον άλλήλοις διδόναι; 8, 25, 4). Abstract for concrete (Philipp. [=Demosth. 12] 23 μετὰ τοῦ δ.; Dio Chrys. 52 [69], 6 ἄνευ νόμου κ. δικαίου; Ael. Aristid, 46 p. 302 D.) τὸ δίκαιον ὀρθὴν ὁδὸν ἔχει uprightness goes the straight way Hm 6, 1, 2. Pl. (Diod S 15, 11, 1; 19, 85, 3; Appian, Samn. 11 §4 al.; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 30, 1; Jos., Ant. 19, 288; SibOr 3, 257; Just., A I, 68, 3 δ. ἀξιοῦν; D. 28, 4 φυλάσσει τὰ αἰώνια δ.) δίκαια βουλεύεσθαι have upright thoughts Hv 1, 1, 8 (cp. λαλεῖν Is 59:4; ἐκζητήσεται 1 Macc 7:12; κρίνειν Ar. 15, 4; Just., A II, 15, 5).—B. 1180. DELG s.v. δίκη. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

τόπος, ου, ὁ (Aeschyl.+) prim. ‘place, position, region’.

① an area of any size, gener. specified as a place of habitation

ⓐ inhabited geographical area: place, of a city, village, etc. (Manetho: 609 Fgm. 10, 238 Jac.; in Jos., C. Ap. 1, 238; Diod S 1, 15, 6; 2, 13, 6; 13, 64, 7; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 86; 2, 34) οἱ ἄνδρες τοῦ τόπου ἐκείνου (cp. Gen 29:22) Mt 14:35. Cp. Mk 6:11 (of the inhabitants); Lk 4:37; 10:1 (w. πόλις as 2 Ch 34:6; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 115); Ac 16:3; 27:2; Rv 18:17 (s. πλέω). ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ everywhere that people or Christians live (cp. Diod S 13, 22, 3 εἰς πάντα τόπον; Mal 1:11; TestDan 6:7; ParJer 5:32; Just., D. 41, 3, and on the exaggeration in epistolary style PLond III, 891, 9 p. 242 [IV A.D., Christian] ἡ εὐφημία σου περιεκύκλωσεν τ. κόσμον ὅλον) 1 Cor 1:2; 2 Cor 2:14; 1 Th 1:8; 2 Th 3:16 v.l.; MPol 19:1; AcPl Ha 6, 5 and15. Also κατὰ πάντα τόπον MPol ins ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ καὶ χρόνῳ D 14:3. This is perh. the place for τὸν τόπον καὶ τὸ ἔθνος J 11:48 (the Sin. Syr. and Chrysost. vol. VIII 386e take τόπ. to mean Jerusalem [cp. 2 Macc 3:2, 12]; but s. 1b below). ἐν ποίῳ τόπῳ where AcPl Ha 6, 12; without ἐν Hv 1:7 Joly. εἰς ἕτερον τόπον to another place (Dio Chrys. 70 [20], 2; Plut., Mor. 108d) Ac 12:17. Cp. AFridrichsen, Kgl. Hum. Vetensk. Samf. i. Uppsala, Årsbok ’43, 28–30.

ⓑ inhabited structure: space, place, building et al. (Diod S 20, 100, 4 τόποι=buildings; POslo 55, 10 [c. 200 A.D.]; 1 Km 24:23; 2 Ch 25:10) Ac 4:31 (Stephan. Byz. s.v. Τρεμιθοῦς: the τόπος quakes at the παρουσία of Aphrodite). Esp. of a temple (2 Macc 5:17–20 [w. ἔθνος]; 10:7; 3 Macc 1:9ab al.; EpArist 81) perh. J 11:48 (s. 1a above; the same problem arises concerning τόπος PLond 2710 recto, 6: HTR 29, ’36, 40; 45f.—τ. of a temple Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 94, 20 [beg. II A.D.]; Jos., Ant. 16, 165); τόπος ἅγιος (cp. Is 60:13; 2 Macc 1:29; 2:18; 8:17) Mt 24:15; Ac 6:13; 21:28b.

ⓒ a portion of a larger area: place, location (Diod S 2, 7, 5 τόπος τῆς πόλεως=the place on which the city stands; Just., D. 40, 2 ὁ τ. τῆς Ἰερουσαλήμ) ἔρημος τόπος (ἔρημος 1a) Mt 14:13; cp. vs. 15; Mk 1:35; 6:31f, 35; Lk 4:42; 9:12; GJs 17:3. Pl. Mk 1:45. πεδινός Lk 6:17. κρημνώδης Hv 1, 1, 3; Hs 6, 2, 6. καλός v 3, 1, 3b. τόπος τοῦ ἀγροῦ a place in the country 2, 1, 4; 3, 1, 3a; τοῦ σπηλαίου GJs 19:2 (cp. Just., D. 70, 1; 78, 6). Cp. Hv 2, 1, 1; Hs 6, 2, 4. On τόπος διθάλασσος Ac 27:41 s. διθάλασσος. Cp. τραχεῖς τόποι rocky places vs. 29. ὁ τόπος ὅπου (TestAbr B 10 p. 114, 13 [Stone p. 76]; ParJer 7:32; ApcMos 33; Just., D. 78, 8) the place where Mt 28:6; Mk 16:6; J 4:20; 6:23; 10:40; 11:30; 19:20, 41. ὁ τόπος ἔνθα GPt 13:56 (Just., A I, 19, 8; Mel., HE 4, 26, 14). ὁ τόπος ἐφʼ ᾧ ἕστηκας Ac 7:33 (cp. Ex 3:5). The dat. for εἰς w. acc. (B-D-F §199) ποίῳ τόπῳ ἀπῆλθεν Hv 4, 3, 7. ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ in every place (in Jerusalem) 1 Cl 41:2. Combined w. a name εἰς τόπον λεγόμενον Γολγοθᾶ Mt 27:33a. ἐπὶ τὸν Γολγοθᾶν τόπον Mk 15:22a.—Lk 23:33; J 19:13; Ac 27:8; Rv 16:16. W. gen.: κρανίου τόπος Mt 27:33b; Mk 15:22b; J 19:17 (s. κρανίον). τόπος τῆς καταπαύσεως Ac 7:49; B 16:2 (both Is 66:1; s. κατάπαυσις 1).—Pleonastic ἐν τόπῳ χωρίου Ῥωμαίων IRo insc. (s. τύπος 6c, end).—(Definite) place, (particular) spot, scene Lk 10:32; 19:5; 22:40; J 5:13; 6:10. ἐκεῖνον τὸν τόπον Papias (3:3) (Just., D. 3, 1 ἐκείνου τοῦ τόπου).

ⓓ pl. regions, districts (Diod S 4, 23, 2; 13, 109, 2; Artem. 2, 9 p. 92, 28; PHib 66, 2; PTebt 281, 12 al.; EpArist 22; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 9) ἄνυδροι τόποι Mt 12:43; Lk 11:24. οἱ ἀνατολικοὶ τόποι the east 1 Cl 25:1. κατὰ τόπους in various regions (κατά B 1a) Mt 24:7; Mk 13:8; Lk 21:11. εἰς τοὺς κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν τόπους Ac 27:2 (Antig. Car. 172 εἰς τοὺς τόπους).

ⓔ an abode: place, room to live, stay, sit etc. (UPZ 146, 31; 37 [II B.C.]) Rv 12:14. ἔτι τόπος ἐστίν there is still room Lk 14:22 (Epict. 2, 13, 10 ποῦ ἔτι τόπος; where is there still room?; Ath. 8, 4 τίς ἐστι τόπος;). οὐκ ἦν αὐτοῖς τόπος ἐν τῷ καταλύματι 2:7. οὐκ ἔνι τ. ἀπόκρυφος there was no hiding-place GJs 22:3. ἔχειν τόπον have (a) place Rv 12:6; cp. IPhld 2:2; Hv 3, 5, 5; 3, 7, 5; 3, 9, 5; m 12, 5, 4ab. ἑτοιμάσαι τινὶ τόπον J 14:2f (cp. Rv 12:6). δὸς τούτῳ τόπον make room for this person Lk 14:9a (Epict 4, 1, 106 δὸς ἄλλοις τόπον=make room for others). ὁ ἔσχατος τόπος (ἔσχατος 1 and 3) vss. 9b and 10 (on τόπος=‘a place to sit’, cp. Jos., Ant. 12, 210 οἱ τ. τόπους κατὰ τὴν ἀξίαν διανέμοντες; Epict. 1, 25, 27; Paus. Attic. α, 128 τόπος of a seat in a theater; Diog. L. 7, 22 ὁ τῶν πτωχῶν τόπ.=the place where the poor people sat [in the auditorium where Zeno the Stoic taught]; Eunap. p. 21; IPergamon 618, s. Dssm., NB 95 [BS 267]). ὁ τόπος αὐτῶν μετὰ τῶν ἀγγέλων ἐστίν their place is with the angels Hs 9, 27, 3. On ὁ ἀναπληρῶν τὸν τόπον τοῦ ἰδιώτου 1 Cor 14:16 s. ἀναπληρόω 4 (for τόπος=‘position’ s. TestAbr B 4 p. 108, 20 [Stone p. 64] ἕκαστος εἰς τὸν τόπον αὐτοῦ; Philo, Somn. 1, 238; Jos., Ant. 16, 190 ἀπολογουμένου τόπον λαμβάνων).

ⓕ the customary location of someth.: the place where someth. is found, or at least should or could be found; w. gen. of thing in question ἀπόστρεψον τὴν μάχαιράν σου εἰς τὸν τόπον αὐτῆς Mt 26:52 (w. ref. to the sheath). ὁ τόπος τῶν ἥλων the place where the nails had been J 20:25 v.l. (Theodor. Prodr. 9, 174 ‘the mark’ of scratch-wounds). ὁ τόπος αὐτῆς its place, of the lampstand’s place Rv 2:5. Cp. 6:14. τόπος οὐχ εὐρέθη αὐτοῖς there was no longer any place for them (Da 2:35 Theod.—Ps 131:5) 20:11; cp. 12:8. Non-literal use οὐκ ἂν δευτέρας (sc. διαθήκης) ἐζητεῖτο τόπος there would have been no occasion sought for a second (covenant) Hb 8:7. On τὸν τῆς ὑπακοῆς τόπον ἀναπληρώσαντες 1 Cl 63:1 s. ἀναπληρόω 3. ἀποκατασταθήσῃ εἰς τὸν τόπον σου (cod. A οἶκον) you will be restored to your former circumstances Hs 7:6.

ⓖ a transcendent site: esp. of the place to which one’s final destiny brings one. Of the place of salvation (Tob 3:6 ὁ αἰώνιος τόπος; TestJob 49:2 τοῦ ὑψηλοῦ τόπου; JosAs 22:9 τῆς καταπαύσεως; ApcSed 16:5 ἀναψύξεως καὶ ἀναπαύσεως; Ath. 22, 7 οὐράνιον τόπον): 2 Cl 1:2. πορεύεσθαι εἰς τὸν ὀφειλόμενον τόπον τῆς δόξης 1 Cl 5:4. εἰς τὸν ὀφειλόμενον αὐτοῖς τόπον παρὰ τῷ κυρίῳ Pol 9:2. ὁ ἅγιος τόπος 1 Cl 5:7. Cp. 44:5; B 19:1.—ὁ ἴδιος τόπος can be neutral (PGM 4, 3123; Cyranides p. 120, 6), a place where one is destined to go IMg 5:1. But the expr. can also gain its specif. mng. fr. the context. Of a place of torment or evil (TestAbr A 13 p. 93, 12 [Stone p. 34; foll. by κολαστήριον]; TestAbr B 10 p. 114, 10 [Stone p. 76]; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 30. 178 ὁ τῶν ἀσεβῶν τ. Proclus on Pla., Cratylus p. 72, 7 Pasqu.) Ac 1:25b; cp. Hs 9, 4, 7; 9, 5, 4; 9, 12, 4. W. gen. ὁ τόπος τῆς βασάνου Lk 16:28.

② a specific point of reference in a book, place, passage (Polyb. 12, 25f, 1; Περὶ ὕψους 9, 8 [=p. 18, 5 V.]; 1 Esdr 6:22 v.l.; Philo, De Jos. 151; Jos., Ant. 14, 114; Just., D. 112, 4; cp. Περὶ ὕψους 3, 5 [=p. 8, 6 V.]) Lk 4:17. Cp. 1 Cl 8:4; 29:3; 46:3.

③ a position held in a group for discharge of some responsibility, position, office (Diod S 1, 75, 4 in a judicial body; 19, 3, 1 of a chiliarch [commander of 1,000 men]; Ps.-Callisth. 2, 1, 5 the τόπος of the priest-prophetess; ins [ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ 7, ’34, p. 179 ln. 50, 218 B.C.]; pap; Dssm., NB 95 [BS 267]) λαβεῖν τὸν τόπον τῆς διακονίας Ac 1:25a. For ἐκδίκει σου τὸν τόπον IPol 1:2 s. ἐκδικέω 3. τόπος μηδένα φυσιούτω let high position inflate no one’s ego ISm 6:1. τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν ἴδιος ὁ τόπος προστέτακται a special office has been assigned the priests 1 Cl 40:5.—44:5. εἰς τὸν τόπον τοῦ Ζαχαρίου GJs 24:4.

④ a favorable circumstance for doing someth., possibility, opportunity, chance (Just., D. 36, 2 ἐν τῷ ἁρμόζοντι τόπῳ at the appropriate point in the discussion; w. gen. Polyb. 1, 88, 2 τόπος ἐλέους; Heliod. 6, 13, 3 φυγῆς τόπος; 1 Macc 9:45) τόπον ἀπολογίας λαβεῖν have an opportunity to defend oneself Ac 25:16 (cp. Jos., Ant. 16, 258 μήτʼ ἀπολογίας μήτʼ ἐλέγχου τόπον ἐχόντων). μετανοίας τόπον εὑρεῖν Hb 12:17; διδόναι (cp. Wsd 12:10) 1 Cl 7:5. In the latter pass. the persons to whom the opportunity is given are added in the dat. (cp. Plut., Mor. 62d; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 14 III, 15 [I A.D.] βασιλεῖ τόπον διδόναι=give a king an opportunity; Sir 4:5). μηδὲ δίδοτε τόπον τῷ διαβόλῳ do not give the devil a chance to exert his influence Eph 4:27. δότε τόπον τῇ ὀργῇ give the wrath (of God) an opportunity to work out its purpose Ro 12:19 (on ὀργῇ διδόναι τόπον cp. Plut., Mor. 462b; cp. also δὸς τόπον νόμῳ Sir 19:17. On Ro 12:19 s. ESmothers, CBQ 6, ’44, 205–15, w. reff. there; Goodsp., Probs. 152–54). τόπον ἔχειν have opportunity (to do the work of an apostle) 15:23.

⑤ idiom: ἐν τῷ τόπῳ οὗ ἐρρέθη αὐτοῖς …, ἐκεῖ κληθήσονται (=LXX Hos 2:1) is prob. to be rendered instead of their being told …, there they shall be called Ro 9:26 (cp. Hos 2:1 בִּמְקוֹם אֲשֶׁר ‘instead of’ s. HWolff, Hosea [Hermeneia] ’74, 27; Achmes 207, 17 ἐν τῷ τόπῳ ἐκείνῳ=instead of that).—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

φωτίζω fut. φωτίσω (1 Cor 4:5; Rv 22:5) and φωτιῶ (Rv 22:5 v.l.; TestLevi 4:3; s.Thackeray 228f); 1 aor. ἐφώτισα. Pass.: 1 fut. 3 sg. pl. φωτισθήσεται,-σονται; 1 aor. ἐφωτίσθην; pf. ptc. πεφωτισμένος (cp. φῶς; Aristot.+; ins, pap, LXX; En 5:8; Test12Patr; ParJer 9:3; Philo, Joseph., Just.; Mel., P. 35, 243 al.)

① intr. (Aristot.; Theophr.; Plut., Num. 4, 9; 8, 2; Sir 42:16; Philo, Dec. 49) to function as a source of light, to shine, of God (Ps 75:5) ἐπί τινα upon someone Rv 22:5.

② trans. to cause to be illumined, give light to, light (up), illuminate (Aristarch. Sam. [III B.C.] p. 358, 20 al.; Diod S 3, 48, 4 of the sun ἀκτῖσι τὸν κόσμον; Galen XIX p. 174 K.; PGM 3, 152; 4, 2345; IDefixWünsch 4, 14; 2 Esdr 19:12, 19 τὴν ὁδόν) τινά someone Lk 11:36; Rv 22:5 v.l.; τὴν πόλιν Rv 21:23. Pass. (Anaximander, Vorsokr. 12 A 1 [in Diog. L. 2, 1] ἀπὸ ἡλίου; Plut., Mor. 1120e; Diog. L. 7, 144 the whole earth ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ [the sun] φωτίζεσθαι) 18:1.

③ trans. to make known in reference to the inner life or transcendent matters and thus enlighten, enlighten, give light to, shed light upon (φῶς 2; 3) fig. ext. of 2

ⓐ in imagery of the heavenly light that is granted the ‘enlightened one’ (cp. the prayer PGM 4, 990, that calls upon the μέγιστος θεός as τὸν τὰ πάντα φωτίζοντα καὶ διαυγάζοντα τῇ ἰδίᾳ δυνάμει τὸν σύμπαντα κόσμον; Herm. Wr. 1, 32 the inspired one prays to a deity for δύναμις and χάρις: ἵνα φωτίσω τοὺς ἐν ἀγνοίᾳ. S. also 13, 18; 19 τὸ πᾶν τὸ ἐν ἡμῖν σῷζε ζωή, φώτιζε φῶς, πνευμάτιζε θεέ; Philo, Fuga 139 and TestBenj 6:4 τ. ψυχήν; Sextus 97; ViHab 14 [p. 87, 6 Sch.].—GAnrich, Das antike Mysterienwesen 1894, 125f; GWobbermin, Religionsgesch. Studien 1896, 155ff; Rtzst., Mysterienrel. 3, 1927, 44; 264; 292); τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀληθινὸν (i.e. Christ, the heavenly Redeemer) φωτίζει πάντα ἄνθρωπον J 1:9 (s. Hdb. ad loc. and s.v. φῶς 1bα.—For the combination w. φῶς: ParJer 9:3; Cleom. [II A.D.] 2, 4 p. 188, 18 τὸ φῶς τὸ φωτίζον αὐτόν; Proclus on Pla., Cratyl. p. 103, 28 Pasqu.); φωτίσαι πάντας τίς ἡ οἰκονομία τοῦ μυστηρίου to enlighten everyone about God’s private/mysterious plan Eph 3:9 (perh. in the sense ‘instruct’, cp. 4 Km 17:27f). God is implored to grant πεφωτισμένους τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς τῆς καρδίας enlightened in the eyes of (your) heart = … your inward sight 1:18 (φωτίζειν ὀφθαλμούς: 2 Esdr 9:8; Ps 18:9; Bar 1:12). The Roman Christian community is πεφωτισμένη ἐν θελήματι (i.e. of God) IRo ins (cp. Just., D. 122, 3 ἐθνῶν πεφωτισμένων). οἱ ἅπαξ φωτισθέντες Hb 6:4; cp. 10:32.

ⓑ bring to light, reveal τὶ someth. (Polyb. 22, 5, 10; Epict. 1, 4, 31 τὴν ἀλήθειαν; Plut., Mor. 902c; Jos., Ant. 8, 143 the hidden mng. of a riddle; pass., Lucian, Calum. 32; Mel., P. 41, 285 τὸ εὐαγγέλιον) τὰ κρυπτὰ τοῦ σκότους that which is hidden in the dark 1 Cor 4:5. φ. ζωὴν καὶ ἀφθαρσίαν διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου bring life and immortality to light through the gospel 2 Ti 1:10. Abs., foll. by indir. question φωτίσαι τίς ἡ οἰκονομία τοῦ μυστηρίου to make clear what (God’s) mysterious plan is Eph 3:9 v.l.—DELG s.v. φάε C. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

θωρήσσω, [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. θώρηξα, subj. θωρήξομεν (for - ωμεν) Il.2.72:—

A arm with a θώραξ: generally, arm,

θωρῆξαί ἑ κέλευε.. Ἀχαιούς Il. 2.11

;

Μυρμιδόνας.. θώρηξεν Ἀχιλλεύς 16.155

:—more freq. in [voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., θωρήσσομαι, [tense] fut. - ξομαι: [tense] aor. ἐθωρήχθην:—arm oneself, put one's harness on,

αὐτίκα θωρήσσοντο Il.19.352

;

σὺν τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες 8.530

, etc.;

ἐς πόλεμον ἅμα λαῷ θωρηχθῆναι 1.226

; τεύχε' ἐνείκω θωρηχθῆναι I will bring you arms to arm yourselves withal, Od.22.139;

ἐθωρήσσοντο δὲ χαλκῷ 23.369

; ἐν τῷδε (sc. θώρακι)

πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους θωρήξομαι Ar.Ach. 1134

; to which Dicaeopolis replies, ἐν τῷδε (sc. χοῒ) πρὸς τοὺς συμπότας θ., with reference to signf. 11.

II fortify with drink, Hp.Epid.2.5.10;

ποτῷ φρένα θωρηχθέντες Nic.Al. 32

;

τεθωρηγμένος Ruf.

ap. Orib.6.38.23; make drunk, intoxicate, Thgn.842:—[voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., get drunk,

οἴνῳ Id.470

: abs., Id.413, Pi.Fr.72;

θωρηχθεὶς ὑπὸ οἴνου Hp.Morb.4.56

, cf. Duris 27 J.