-
1 νοέω
Aνόησα Il.8.91
; [dialect] Ion. ἔνωσα ([etym.] ἐν-) Hdt. 1.86: [tense] pf. νενόηκα, [dialect] Ion. νένωκα ([etym.] ἐν-) Id.3.6; imper. νενόηθι Hilgard Excerpta e libris Herodiani 30:—[voice] Med., [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor.νοήσατο Il.10.501
; part.νοησάμενος Alc.Supp.7.6
,νωσάμενος Thgn.1298
, Theoc.25.263, Call.Fr. 345, etc.:—[voice] Pass. (mostly in med. sense), [tense] fut.νοηθήσομαι S.E.P.2.175
, Gal.UP17.1: [tense] aor. ; also [dialect] Ion. ([etym.] ἐπ-) Hdt.3.122, 6.115: [tense] pf. νενόημαι, [dialect] Ion.νένωμαι Anacr.10
, Hdt.9.53, S.Fr. 182, Aëthlius 4: [ per.] 3sg. [tense] plpf. ἐνένωτο (in med. sense) Hdt.1.77. Hdn.Gr.2.253 cites νοῦνται from Democr. (v. infr.) and [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. νένοται. —The compds. with ἀπό, διά, ἐν, ἐπί, μετά, πρό are used chiefly in [voice] Med.:—perceive by the eyes, observe (οἱ ἀρχαῖοι τὸ ν. σωματικὸν.. ὑπολαμβάνουσιν Arist. de An. 427a26
), Il.3.396; ὀξὺ ν. ib. 374, Hes. Th. 838, etc.; ὀφθαλμοῖσιν, ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσι ν., Il.15.422, 24.294.2 perceive by the mind, apprehend,τὸν δὲ ἰδὼν ἐνόησε 11.599
;οὐ.. ἴδον οὐδ' ἐνόησα Od.13.318
, cf. Il.10.550, 24.337, etc.; ; ἢ λάθετ' ἢ οὐκ ἐνόησεν or did not take notice, Il.9.537, cf. 5.665; νοέεις δὲ καὶ αὐτός thou thyself art aware of it, Od.21.257;θυμῷ νοέω καὶ οἶδα ἕκαστα 18.228
;ν. τῇ καρδίᾳ LXX Is.44.18
; πρὸ ὃ τοῦ ἐνόησεν one perceives before the other, Il.10.224: abs.,[θεὸς] οὖλος ὁρᾷ, οὖλος δὲ νοεῖ, οὖλος δὲ τ' ἀκούει Xenoph.24
; : freq. in Philos., of thought,μάλιστα ἔοικεν ἴδιον [ψυχῆς] τὸ ν. Arist.de An. 403a8
;ἔοικε δὴ τὸ ζῆν εἶναι κυρίως τὸ αἰσθάνεσθαι ἢ ν. Id.EN 1170a19
, cf. 1166a22;καλῶς ν. καὶ λέγειν καὶ πράττειν X.Cyn.1.18
: also with part. added,ὡς ἐνόησεν ἔμ' ἥμενον Od.10.375
; of a future event,νοέω κακὸν ὔμμιν ἐρχόμενον 20.367
: c. inf., ;πίστει νοοῦμεν κατηρτίσθαι τοὺς αἰῶνας Ep.Hebr.11.3
: folld. by ὡς .., Od.22.32, cf. Pl.Epin. 977c;νόει θ' ᾗ δῆλον ἕκαστον Emp.4.13
:—[voice] Med.,νωσάμενος Thgn.1298
; :—[voice] Pass., to be apprehended by thought, ; τὰ νοούμενα, opp. τὰ αἰσθητά, ib. 508c;τὰ ἀόρατα τοῖς ποιήμασι νοούμενα Ep.Rom.1.20
.3 think, consider, reflect, φρεσὶ ν. ἔνθ' εἴην ἢ ἔνθα" Il.15.81;μετὰ φρεσὶ σῇσι νόησον Αἰνείαν, ἤ κέν μιν ἐρύσσεαι ἦ κεν ἐάσῃς 20.311
; οὐδ' ἐνόησε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμὸν ὡς .. ib. 264; ἐπ' ἀμφότερα ν. look to both sides, Hdt.8.22: c. acc. cogn., ἄλλα νοέειν to be other wise minded, Id.7.168; alsoεἰπὲ δ' ᾗ νοεῖς S.Tr. 1135
, cf. El. 1435: part. νοέων, έουσα, wary, discreet, Il.1.577;τὴν μέν κεν ἐπαινέσσειε νοήσας Hes.Op.12
, cf. Od.15.170; τὰ νοέων λέγει what he says advisedly, Hdt.8.102; νοῶν καὶ φρονῶν sane and in his right mind, in wills, Test.Epict.1.1, PPetr.3p.4 (iii B.C.), etc.:— in [voice] Med.,φρενὶ θεῖα νοῦνται Democr.129
;ὑψηλὰ νενωμένος Anacr. 10
.4 consider, deem, presume to be so and so,ὡς μηκέτ' ὄντα κεῖνον.. νόει S.Ph. 415
; τόδε γὰρ νοῶ κράτιστον ib. 1176;δεῖ ν. συνεχῆ τὰ ἔνοπτρα Arist.Mete. 373a19
: c. inf., δεῖ νοῆσαι τὸ μὲν ὑγρὸν εἶναι ib. 340b24, etc.; cf. νοητέον.II think out, devise, conceive τοῦτό γ’ ἐναίσιμον οὐκ ἐνόησε Od.2.122; ἔνθ' αὖτ' ἄλλ' ἐνόησε θεά ib. 382; ἄλλα μὲν αὐτὸς ἐνὶ φρεσὶ σῇσι νοήσεις, ἄλλα δὲ καὶ δαίμων ὑποθήσεται 3.26; : freq. with neut. pl. Adj.,πεπνυμένα πάντα νοῆσαι Od.18.230
; ἄνδρων πλεῖστα νοησάμενος most cunning of men, of Sisyphus, Alc.Supp.7.6;ὀρθὰ ν. Hdt. 8.3
:—[voice] Pass.,ἐνθύμημα νενοημένον οὐκ ἀτόπως D.H.Th.37
.III c. inf., to be minded, intend, οὐδ' ἐνόησε ἐξερύσαι δόρυ bethought himself, Il.5.665; νοέω φρεσὶ τιμήςu σθαι 22.235; ; ἦ γὰρ νοεῖς θάπτειν σφε; S.Ant.44, cf. 770, El. 389, etc.:—[voice] Med., once in Hom., μάστιγα.. νοήσατο χερσἰν ἑλέσθαι he thought with himself to take the scourge, Il.10.501; ἐνέ- νωτο στρατεύειν he was minded to march, Hdt.1.77, cf. 7.206, 9.53.IV of words, bear a certain sense, mean,πυθοίμεθ' ἂν τὸν χρησμὸν ὅ τι νοεῖ Ar.Pl.55
, cf. Nu. 1186, Pl.Cra. 407e; [εἰ] τοῦτο.. νοεῖ αὐτῷ if this means for him that.., Id.R. 335e; alsoἐπιδεῖξαι ἐθέλω τὸ νυνί μοι συμβεβηκὸς τί ποτε νοεῖ Id.Ap. 40a
; τὸ νοούμενον the sense, meaning, Phld.Po.Herc.991.4, al.—Not in Th. or Oratt. -
2 παῖς
παῖς, also [full] παῦς (q. v.), παιδός, ὁ, ἡ, gen. pl. παίδων, [dialect] Dor. παιδῶν Greg.Cor.p.317 S.; dat. pl. παισί, [dialect] Ep.Aπαίδεσσι Od.3.381
, etc.; in early [dialect] Ep. freq. disyll. in nom. [full] πάϊς, e. g. when forming part of two different feet, Il.2.609, 5.704, etc.; prob. also in the fifth foot, 9.57, 11.389; and before bucolic diaeresis, 2.205, al.; also in Lyr., Sapph.38, 85; and in [dialect] Boeot., IG7.690, al. ([place name] Tanagra), cf. πῆς; πάϊ [ᾰῑ] Od.24.192 ( παιδ- is never disyll. in oblique cases in Hom.); acc.πάϊν A.
R.4.697, AP3.8 (Inscr. Cyzic.), 9.125; gen. παϊδός Epigr. ap. Luc.Symp.41; dat. παϊδί prob. in Anacr.17:I in relation to Descent, child, whether son, Il. 2.205, 609, al. (with special reference to the father, opp. τέκνον, q.v.): pl., Th.1.4, etc.; or daughter, Il.1.20, 443, 3.175;παῖδες ἄρρενες καὶ θήλειαι Pl.Lg. 788a
; παῖς, opp. κόρα, Berl.Sitzb.1927.7 ([dialect] Locr., v. B.C.); of an adopted son,ἀλλά σε παῖδα ποιεύμην Il.9.494
;παίδων παῖδες, τοί κεν μετόπισθε γένωνται 20.308
, cf. Pi.N.7.100, Inscr.Cypr.135.11 H., etc.;Ἀγήνορος παῖδες ἐκ παίδων E.Ph. 281
; freq. in orators of legal issue, Isoc.19.9, Is.7.31, etc.; of animals, A.Ag.50 (anap.).2 metaph., ἀμπέλου π., of wine, Pi.N.9.52;χορῶν ἐραστὴς κισσὸς ἐνιαυτοῦ δὲ παῖς Chaerem.5
; ὀρείας πέτρας π., of Echo, E.Hec. 1110; ὅρκου π. ἀνώνυμος, of the penalty of perjury, Orac. ap. Hdt.6.86.γ; ἄναυδοι π. τᾶς ἀμιάντου, of fishes, A.Pers. 578 (lyr.).3 periphr., οἱ Λυδῶν παῖδες sons of the Lydians, i. e. the Lydians, Hdt.1.27, cf. 5.49;π. Ἑλλήνων A.Pers. 402
; οἱ [Ἀσκληπιοῦ] π., i. e. physicians, Pl.R. 407e; οἱ ζωγράφων π. painters, Id.Lg. 769b; παῖδες ῥητόρων orators, Luc. Anach.19; π. ἰατρῶν, π. πλαστῶν καὶ γραφέων, Id.Dips.5, Im.9; cf.υἱός 2
.II in relation to Age, child, boy or girl,νέος π. Od.4.665
;παῖδες νεαροί Il.2.289
;σμίκρα π. Sapph.34
: with another Subst., π. συφορβός boy-swineherd, Il.21.282;παῖδα κόρην γαμεῖν Ar.Lys. 595
;ἐν παισὶ νέοισι π. Pi.N.3.72
;π. ἔτ' ὤν A.Ch. 755
, cf. Il.11.710;ἔτι π. Pl.Prt. 310e
; παιδὸς μηδὲν βελτίων ib. 342e: distd. from παιδίον, μειράκιον, Hp.Hebd.5, cf. X.Smp.4.17, Cyr.8.7.6, 1.2.4; ἐκ παιδός from a child, Pl.R. 374c;ἐκ παιδὸς εἰς γῆρας Aeschin.1.180
;ἐκ τῶν παίδων εὐθύς Pl.Lg. 694d
, cf. R. 386a;ἀκούων τῶν παίδων εὐθύς Id.Lg. 642b
;εὐθὺς ἐκ παίδων ἐξελθών D.21.154
; ἡλικίαν ἔχειν τὴν ἄρτι ἐκ π. to be just out of one's childhood, X.HG5.4.25;ἐκ μικρῶν π. Arist.Pol. 1336a14
; [Ἡρακλῆς] ἐν παισὶν ὄφεις ἀπέκτεινεν D.C.56.36
; ἐν παισὶ (v.l. παιδὶ)ποιμαίνων Hdn.6.8.1
; χορηγεῖν παισί (cf.χορηγέω 11
): prov.,τοῦτο κἂν π. γνοίη Pl.Euthd. 279d
;δῆλον τοῦτό γε ἤδη καὶ παιδί Id.Smp. 204b
;παῖδας [τοὺς πρὸ αὐτοῦ] ἀπέφηνε Luc.Peregr.11
, cf. Alex.4; ἔνι τις καὶ ἐν ἡμῖν π., of the superstitious fears of a child, Pl. Phd. 77e, cf. Porph.Abst.1.41. -
3 περισχίζω
A slit and tear off,ἐσθῆτα Plu.Cic.36
, Luc.DMeretr.8.1 ; (ii A. D.); slit open, Arist.HA 550a30 :—[voice] Pass.,π. τῷ μετώπῳ κόμη Poll.2.25
.II [voice] Pass., of a river, περισχίζεσθαι τὸν χῶρον to split round a piece of land, i.e. divide into two branches and surround it, Hdt.9.51 ;π. περὶ τὸ χωρίον Plb.3.42.7
, etc.: abs., of a stream of men, part and go different ways,περιεσχίζοντο ἔνθεν καὶ ἔνθεν Pl.Prt. 315b
; of light, αὐγὴ πολλαχοῦ π. Plu.2.407e, cf. Thphr.Ign.52 ; of sound, Sch.Poll.2.116.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > περισχίζω
-
4 τις
A any one, any thing, enclitic through all cases (for exceptions v. infr.):—but τίς; τί; Interrog. Pron. who? what?, oxyt. in the monosyll. cases, parox. in the others:—Dialectal forms: Cypr. σις ( si se) Inscr.Cypr.135.10 H.; Arc. σις (with <*> for ς) IG5(2).262.25 (Mantinea, v B.C.); Thess. κις ib.9(2).515.12 ([place name] Larissa), 1226.4, 1229.27 ([place name] Phalanna), pl. κινες ib.517.41 ([place name] Larissa), neut. κι in διεκί, ποκκί (qq.v.); neut. pl. [dialect] Dor. σά, [dialect] Boeot. τά, [dialect] Aeol. dat. τίω, τίοισι (v. infr. B). (I.-E. q[uglide]i-, cf. Lat. quis, quid, etc.; for σά, τά, v. ἄσσα, σά μάν; with τέο (v. infr. B) cf. OSlav. gen. c<*>eso.)A Indef. Pron. τις, τι, gen. [dialect] Ion. τεο Od.16.305, Hdt.1.58; more freq. τευ Il.2.388, al., Hdt.4.30, al., Meliss.7, etc.; Trag. and [dialect] Att. του A.Pr.21, Ar.Ach. 329, Th.1.70, etc. (sts. fem., S.Aj. 290, OT 1107 (lyr.), E.Hec. 370, etc.); του is rare after 300 B.C., never in LXX or NT, but found in IG12(5).798.17 (Tenos, iii B.C.), PCair.Zen.250.6, 647.23 (iii B.C.), Plb.3.23.3, revived by the Atticists, D.H.8.29, Plu.Fab.20, etc.; τινος Pi.P.2.90, IG12.16.17, 65.41, A.Eu. 5, Ch. 102, S.Ant. 698, al., Hdt.2.109, al. (Rh.Mus.72.483), etc.; dat. [dialect] Ion.τεῳ Il.16.227
, Od.11.502, Hdt.2.48, 5.86; Trag. and [dialect] Att. τῳ (also in Hom., Il.1.299, 12.328, Od.13.308, 20.297, al., always in masc.) A.Th. 1045, IG12.39.54, D.S.18.45; as fem., A.Th. 472, S. OT80, etc.; τινι (Hom. in the formοὔ τινι Il.17.68
, Od.14.96) Pi. O.9.26, al., B.17.12, Hdt.1.114 (elsewh. fem., 2.62, 3.69, 83, 4.113), A.Th. 1041, S.Aj. 443, 495, etc.; acc. τινα Il.1.62, 5.761, etc., neut. τι 2.122, etc.: dual τινε Od.4.26, Pl.Sph. 237d, Prm. 143c, 149e: pl. τινες (Hom. only inοὔ τινες Od.6.279
, 17.587 and οἵτινες (v. ὅστις)); [dialect] Dor. τινεν SIG527.127 (Drerus, iii B.C.); nom. and acc. neut. τινα (ὅτινα Il.22.450
), never in Trag., Ar., Th., or Hdt., f.l. in Isoc.4.74, first in Pl.Chrm. 163d, Ep. 325a, D.47.63, Hyp.Ath.19, Alex.110, Sotad.Com.1.22, Arist.EN 1094a5, IG42(1).121.35 (Epid., iv B.C.), etc.; ἄσσα (q.v.) Od.19.218, never in Trag. or Hdt.; [dialect] Att. ἄττα first in Th.1.113, 2.100, Ar.Ra. 173, al., Pl.R. 400a, etc., never in LXX, Plb., D.S., Str., revived by the Atticists, D.H.Comp.3, etc.; gen. [dialect] Ion. τεων Hdt.2.175, 5.57, τεῶν cj. for γε ῶν in 4.76; τινων not in Hdt., first in Ar.Eq. 977 (lyr.); dat. τισι, τισιν, first in Hdt. 9.113, X.Ath.1.18; N.-W. [dialect] Dor. τινοις GDI1409.5 (Delph., iii B.C.); [dialect] Ion. τεοισι Hdt.8.113, 9.27 (for τεοις and τεον v. τεός); acc. τινας Il.15.735, Od.11.371 (also in οὕστινας, ὅτινας, v. ὅστις), etc.; neut. τινα (v. supr.):—any one, any thing, some one, some thing; and as Adj. any, some, and serving as the Indef. Art. a, an;θεός νύ τίς ἐστι κοτήεις Il.5.191
;καί τις θεὸς ἡγεμόνευεν Od.9.142
; οὐδέ τις αὐτὸν ἠείδη δμώων ib. 205; ἤ τι ὀϊσάμενος, ἢ.. ib. 339; μή τίς μοι ὑποδείσας ἀναδύη ib. 377, cf. 405- 410; εἴ τινά που μετ' ὄεσσι λάβοι ib. 418, cf. 421, al.; τις θεός construed as if τις θεῶν, 19.40, cf. 11.502, IG12.94.19, E.Hel. 1039.II special usages:1 some one (of many), i.e. many a one,ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν Il.7.201
, etc.: sts. with meiosis, implying all or men, 13.638, Od.3.224; so in Prose, Hdt.5.49 fin., Th.2.37, etc.2 any one concerned, every one,εὖ μέν τις δόρυ θηξάσθω Il.2.382
; ἀλλά τις αὐτὸς ἴτω let every man come himself, 17.254; , cf. 16.209, 17.227, al.; so in Trag. and [dialect] Att., even with the imper., τοῦτό τις.. ἴστω S Aj.417 (lyr.), cf. E.Ba. 346, Ar.Av. 1187; ; τοὺς ξυμμάχους αὐτόν τινα κολάζειν that every man should himself chastise his own allies, Th.1.40, cf. 6.77;ὅ τί τις ἐδύνατο Id.7.75
; ἄμεινόν τινος better than any others, D.21.66, cf. 19.35:—this is more fully expressed by adding other pronominal words,τις ἕκαστος Od.9.65
, Th.6.31, etc.; , Hdt.6.80, Th.8.94, etc.;ἅπας τις Hdt.3.113
, etc.;οὐδέν τι μᾶλλον Id.4.118
. In these senses, τις is freq. combined with pl. words, οἱ κακοὶ.. οὐκ ἴσασι, πρίν τις ἐκβάλῃ, for πρὶν ἐκβάλωσι, S.Aj. 965; οἷς ἂν ἐπίω, ἧσσόν τις πρόσεισι, for ἧσσον προσίασι, Th.4.85;ἐτόλμα τις.., ὁρῶντες Id.2.53
, cf. 7.75; esp. after εἴ or ἤν τις, X. Mem.1.2.62, al.3 in reference to a definite person, whom one wishes to avoid naming, οὐκ ἔφασαν ἰέναι, ἐὰν μή τις χρήματα διδῷ (i.e. Cyrus) Id.An.1.4.12, cf. Ar.Ra. 552, Theoc.5.122; so also euphem. for something bad,ἤν τι ποιῶμεν Th.2.74
;ἂν οὗτός τι πάθῃ D.4.11
: hence for the [ per.] 1st or [ per.] 2nd pers. Pron.,ἅ τιν' οὐ πείσεσθαι ὀΐω Il.1.289
, cf. S.Ant. 751; ποῖ τις τρέψεται; for ποῖ τρέψομαι; Ar.Th. 603, cf. S.Aj. 245 (lyr.), 1138, Th.4.59, X.An.3.4.40, 5.7.31, etc.4 indefinitely, where we say they, French on, sts. with an ironical force,φοβεῖταί τις A.Ch.59
(lyr.);μισεῖ τις ἐκεῖνον D.4.8
; as voc., τὸν Πλοῦτον ἔξω τις κάλει call P. out, somebody, Ar.Pl. 1196.5 τις, τι may be opposed, expressly or by implication, to οὐδείς, οὐδέν, and mean somebody, something, by meiosis for some great one, some great thing, ηὔχεις τις εἶναι you boasted that you were somebody, E.El. 939;εἰσὶν ὅμως τινὲς οἱ εὐδοκιμοῦντες Arist.Pol. 1293b13
;τὸ δοκεῖν τιν' εἶναι Men.156
;τὸ δοκεῖν τινὲς εἶναι D.21.213
;ὡς σὲ μὲν ἐν τῇ πόλει δεῖ τινὰ φαίνεσθαι, τὴν πόλιν δ' ἐν τοῖς Ἕλλησι μηδενὸς ἀξίαν εἶναι Id.10.71
; κἠγών τις φαίνομαι ἦμεν after all I too am somebody, Theoc.11.79, cf. Act.Ap.5.36; also in neut., , cf.Phd. 63c, Phdr. 243a, Euthd. 303c, etc.:— so τι λέγειν to be near the mark, opp. οὐδὲν λέγειν, Id.Prt. 339c, R. 329e, Phdr. 260a, etc.;ἵνα καὶ εἰδῶμεν εἴ τι ὅδε λέγει Id.Cra. 407e
;οἴεσθέ τι ποιεῖν, οὐδὲν ποιοῦντες Id.Smp. 173c
.b τις is sts. opp. to another word,ἀελλοπόδων μέν τιν' εὐφραίνοισιν ἵππων τιμαί.., τέρπεται δὲ καί τις.. Pi.Fr. 221
;τισὶ τῶν πολιτῶν ἀποροῦσι συνεξέδωκε θυγατέρας.., τοὺς δ' ἐλύσατο ἐκ τῶν πολεμίων Lys.19.59
;μέρος μέν τι σιδήρου, μέρος δέ τι ὀστράκινον LXX Da.2.33
(more freq. with the Article, v. infr. 10 c); ἔστιν οὖν οὐ πᾶν τὸ ταχύ, ἀλλά τι (sic codd. BT)αὐτοῦ ἀγαστόν Pl.Cra. 412c
;ἀναγκαῖον ἤτοι πᾶσι τοῖς πολίταις ἀποδίδοσθαι πάσας ταύτας τὰς κρίσεις ἢ τισὶ πάσας.. ἢ τινὰς μὲν αὐτῶν πᾶσι τινὰς δὲ τισίν Arist.Pol. 1298a9
, cf. 1277a23; τὸ μεῖζον τοῦθ' ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἑτέρου λέγεται· τινὸς γὰρ λέγεται μεῖζον greater than something, Id.Cat. 6a38;τὸ πρώτως ὂν καὶ οὐ τὶ ὂν ἀλλ' ὂν ἁπλῶς Id.Metaph. 1028a30
; πότερον τῷ τυχόντι ἢ τισίν; Id.Pol. 1269a26.6 with pr. names τις commonly signifies one named so-and-so,ἦν δέ τις ἐν Τρώεσσι Δάρης Il.5.9
, cf. X.An.3.1.4, etc.; with a sense of contempt, Θερσίτης τις ἦν there was one Thersites, S.Ph. 442.b one of the same sort, converting the pr. name into an appellative, ἤ τις Ἀπόλλων ἢ Πάν an Apollo or a Pan, A.Ag.55 (anap.); [πόλιες] ταὶ μέλονται πρός τινος ἢ Διὸς ἢ γλαυκᾶς Ἀθάνας Lyr.in PVat.11v xi7;Σκύλλαν τινά A.Ag. 1233
, cf.Ar.V. 181, Av. 512, Ra. 912: so alsoὥς τις ἥλιος A.Ag. 288
; ἰσθμόν τιν' Ar. Th. 647.7 with Adjs. τις combines to express the idea of a Subst. used as predicate, ὥς τις θαρσαλέος καὶ ἀναιδής ἐσσι προΐκτης a bold and impudent beggar, Od.17.449, cf. 18.382, 20.140, Il.3.220; ἐγώ τις, ὡς ἔοικε, δυσμαθής a dull ard, Pl.R. 358a, cf. Prt. 340e; φόβου πλέα τις εἶ a cow ard, A.Pr. 696, cf. Th. 979(lyr.), Ag. 1140 (lyr.); ὡς ταχεῖά τις.. χάρις διαρρεῖ in what swift fashion ( = ταχέως πως), S.Aj. 1266, cf. OT 618, Hdt.4.198; δεινόν τι ποιεύμενος thinking it a terrible thing, Id.3.155, 5.33.8 with numerals and Adjs. expressing number, size, or the like , εἷς δέ τις ἀρχὸς ἀνὴρ.. ἔστω some one man, Il.1.144;ἕνα τιν' ἂν καθεῖσεν Ar.Ra. 911
;δώσει δέ τι ἕν γε φέρεσθαι Od.15.83
;τινὰ μίαν νύκτα Th.6.61
;προσκαλεσάμενός τινας δύο τῶν ἑκατονταρχῶν Act.Ap.23.23
; sts. the τις softens the definiteness of the numeral, ἑπτά τινες some seven, seven or so, Th.7.34;ἐς διακοσίους τινάς Id.3.111
, cf. 7.87, 8.21; so without an actual numeral, ἡμέρας τινάς some days, i.e. several, Id.3.52; στρατῷ τινι of a certain amount, considerable, Id.8.3; ἐνιαυτόν τινα a year or so, Id.3.68; so οὐ πολλοί τινες, τινὲς οὐ πολλοί, A.Pers. 510, Th. 6.94, etc.; ὀλίγοι τινές orτινὲς ὀλίγοι Id.2.17
, 3.7; οὔ τινα πολλὸν χρόνον no very long time, Hdt.5.48;τις στρατιὰ οὐ πολλή Th.6.61
; so also ὅσσος τις χρυσός what a store of gold, Od.10.45, cf. Hdt. 1.193, 2.18, etc.;κόσοι τινές Id.7.234
;πηλίκαι τινὲς τιμωρίαι Isoc. 20.3
;πολλὸς γάρ τις ἔκειτο Il.7.156
;ἐκ πολλοῦ τευ χρόνου Hdt. 2.58
.9 with Pronominal words, ἀλλά τί μοι τόδε θυμὸς.. μερμηρίζει something, namely this, Od.20.38, cf. 380; οἷός τις what sort of a man, Il.5.638 (dub. l.), cf. Od.9.348, 20.377, Pl.Prt. 313a, etc.;ποῖός τις S.Ant.42
, OC 1163, Hdt.3.34, X.An.7.6.24, etc.;ὁποῖός τις Id.Cyr.2.2.2
, al.;εὐτυχίη τις τοιήδε Hdt.3.139
, cf. X.Mem.1.1.1, etc.;τοιοῦτός τις Id.An.5.8.7
.10 with the Article,a when a noun with the Art. is in appos. with τις, as ὅταν δ' ὁ κύριος παρῇ τις when the person in authority, whoever he be, is here, S.OC 289; τοὺς αὐτοέντας.. τιμωρεῖν τινας (v.l. τινα) Id.OT 107.b in Philosophic writers, τις is added to the Art. to show that the Art. is used to denote a particular individual who is not specified in the general formula, although he would be in the particular case, ὁ τὶς ἄνθρωπος the individual man (whoever he may be), this or that man, opp. ἄνθρωπος (man in general), ὁ τὶς ἵππος, ἡ τὶς γραμματική, Arist.Cat. 1b4, 8; τὸ τὶ μέγεθος, opp. ὅλως τὸ μέγεθος, Id.Pol. 1283a4, cf. S.E.P.2.223; but in , the Art. is used as in Il. cc. s.v. ὁ, ἡ, τό B.1.5
: later ὅ τις (or ὁ τὶς ) much like ὁ δεῖνα, δεῦρο ὅ τις θεός, ὄφθητί μοι in a general formula of invocation, PMag.Par.1.236; αἴρω σε, ἥ τις βοτάνη ib.287; εἰς τήν τινα κρείαν (leg. χρείαν) ib.289.c freq. in opposed clauses,ὁ μέν τις.., ὁ δὲ.. E.Med. 1141
, Hec. 624, Pl.Phd. 99b, etc.;ὁ μέν τις.., ἄλλος δὲ.. E.IT 1407
;ὁ μὲν.., ὁ δέ τις.. X.Cyr.1.4.15
: pl.,οἱ μέν τινες.., οἱ δὲ.. Hdt.1.127
, cf. Th.2.91;οἱ μέν τινες.., οἱ δὲ.., οἱ δέ τινες X.Cyr.3.2.10
, etc.; οἱ μὲν.., οἱ δέ τινες.. ib.6.1.26, etc.: also combined with other alternative words,ὁ μέν τις.., ὁ δέ τις.., ἕτερος δέ τις.. Id.Smp.2.6
; ὁ μὲν.., ἕτερος δέ τις.., ὁ δὲ.. , etc., Ar. Pl. 162 sq.: also in neut.,τὸ μέν τι.., τὸ δέ τι.. Pl.Ep. 358a
;τὸ μέν τι.., τὸ δὲ.. Hdt.3.40
; in adverb. sense, τὸ μὲν.., τὸ δέ τι.. partly.., partly.., Plb.1.73.4; and τι remains unaltered even when the Art. is pl.,τὰ μέν τι μαχόμενοι, τὰ δὲ καὶ ἀναπαυόμενοι X.An.4.1.14
, cf. HG7.1.46; also τὸ δέ τι.. but in some measure.., without τὸ μέν preceding, Th.1.107, cf. 118, 7.48.d later τις is used as in b supr. but without the Art., γράψον.. ὅτι τι καί τι εἴληφας that you have received such and such things, POxy.937.22 (iii A.D.); κληρονόμους καταλείπω τὴν θυγατέρα μού τινα καὶ τὸν σύντροφον αὐτῆς τινα καί τινα ib.1034.2 (ii A.D.); τίς τινι χαίρειν A to B greeting (in a draft letter), ib. 509 (ii A.D.).II the neut. τι is used,a collectively, ἦν τι καὶ ἐν ταῖς Συρακούσαις there was a party.., Th.7.48; so perh. τῶν ἄλλων οὔ πέρ τι πεφυγμένον ἐστ' Ἀφροδίτην, οὔτε θεῶν, οὔτ' ἀνθρώπων no class, h.Ven.34 (but masc. τις in h.Merc. 143).b euphem. for something bad, v. supr. 3.c joined with Verbs, somewhat, in any degree, at all,ἦ ῥά τί μοι κεχολώσεαι Il.5.421
;παρεθάρρυνέ τι αὐτούς X.HG6.4.7
, etc.: with Adjs. or Adverbs, οὕτω δή τι ἰσχυραί, οὕτω δή τι πολύγονον, etc., Hdt.3.12, 108, cf. 4.52; so alsoὀλίγον τι ἧσσον Od.15.365
;οὐδέ τι μᾶλλον Hdt.6.123
, etc.;ἧσσόν τι Th.3.75
, etc.; οὐ πάνυ τι, πολύ τι, σχεδόν τι, v. πάνυ 1.3,πολύς 111.1a
, 2a, σχεδόν IV; also in conjunction withοὐδέν, μηδέν, οὐδέν τι πάντως Hdt.6.3
; οὐδέν, μηδέν τι μᾶλλον, E.Alc. 522, S.Aj. 280;μηδέν τι λίαν E.Andr. 1234
:—also καί τι καὶ.. ὑποψίᾳ in part also from suspicion, Th.1.107;καί πού τι καί Pi.O.1.28
.12 τίς τε freq. in Hom.,ὡς ὅτε τίς τε Il.3.33
, 4.141, v. τε B.13 ἤ τις ἢ οὐδείς few or none, next to none, Hdt.3.140, X.Cyr.7.5.45, D.C.47.5, 48.4; ἤ τι ἢ οὐδέν little or nothing, Pl.Ap. 17b;ἢ οὐδεὶς ἤ τις D.C.41.62
(s. v.l.).b repeated in successive clauses, ; (where however κἄτι πλείους is prob. cj.), cf. E.Or. 1218 (whereas τις is sts. omitted in the first clause, , cf. S.Tr.3): but in E.Andr. 734, ἔστι γάρ τις οὐ πρόσω.. πόλις τις, the repetition is pleonastic, as also in A.Supp.57 sq. (lyr., s. v.l.).15 τις is sts. omitted, οὐδέ κεν ἔνθα τεόν γε μένος καὶ χεῖρας ὄνοιτο (sc. τις) Il.13.287; ὡς δ' ἐν ὀνείρῳ οὐ δύναται (sc. τις)φεύγοντα διώκειν 22.199
, cf. S.OC 1226 (lyr.), Leg.Gort.2.2, X.Smp.5.2, Pl.Grg. 456d: τις must often be supplied from what goes before, ib. 478c, Prt. 319d.b sts. also τις is omitted before a gen. case which must depend upon it, asἢ [τις] τᾶς ἀσώτου Σισυφιδᾶν γενεᾶς S.Aj. 189
(lyr.); ἢν γαμῇ ποτ' αὐτὸς ἢ [τις]τῶν ξυγγενῶν Ar.Nu. 1128
;ἐν τῶν πόλεων IG12.56.14
.--Cf. ὅστις, οὔτις, μήτις, ἄλλο τι.1 accentuation: τις is normally enclitic, but in certain uses is orthotone, i.e. theoretically oxytone (τίς, τινά, τινές, τινῶν, etc., cf. Choerob. in Theod.1.373 H.) and barytone when followed by another word ( τὶς or τις, τινὰ, τινὲς, τινῶν, etc.). According to Sch. D.T.p.240 H. its orthotone accent is τίς (not τὶς) , τίνα, τίνες, etc. The orthotone form is used in codd.:a at the beginning of a sentence, τίς ἔνδον.. ; is any one within? A.Ch. 654 ( τὶς cj. Hermann); τί φημι; = λέγω τι; am I saying anything? S.Tr. 865, OT 1471; <τίς ἦλθε;> ἦλθέ τις has anybody come? Somebody has come, Sch.D.T. l.c.; τὶς κάθηται, τὶς περιπατεῖ, so and so is sitting (walking), S.E.M.8.97; τὶς αἰπόλος καλούμενος Κομάτας Sch.Theoc.7.78;τίς ποτε οἰκοδεσπότης.. ἐκοπία Aesop.
in Gloss. iii p.41; or after a pause,πῶς γὰρ ἄν, ἔφην ἐγώ, ὦ βέλτιστε, τὶς ἀποκρίναιτο Pl.R. 337e
; τι οὖν ([etym.] τὶς ἂν εἴποι) ταῦτα λέγεις; D.1.14 (v.l.);ἔντοσθεν δὲ γυνά, τι θεῶν δαίδαλμα Theoc.1.32
;οὐ γυμνὸν τὸ φίλαμα, τι δ' ὦ ξένε καὶ πλέον ἑξεῖς Mosch.1.5
(v.l. for τὺ).b when τις is opp. to another τις or to some other word,τισὶ μὲν συμφέρει, τισὶ δ' οὐ συμφέρει Arist.Pol. 1284b40
, cf. Th.2.92, Pl.Cri. 49a, D. 9.2;τινὲς μὲν οὖν.., ἡμεῖς δὲ.. Sor.1.1
;τὸ τὶ μὲν ψεῦδος ἔχον, τὶ δὲ ἀληθές S.E.M.8.127
;ἀλλὰ τινὰ μὲν.., τινὰ δὲ.. Gem.14.6
;ποτὲ μὲν πρὸς πάντα, ποτὲ δὲ πρὸς τινά Sor.1.48
: without such opposition, τοῦτ' εἰς ἀνίαν τοὔπος ἔρχεται τινί for a certain person, S.Aj. 1138. Codd. are not consistent; in signf.11.5a, 10c, 13 they make it enclitic; in signf. 11.5b sts. enclitic, sts. orthotone (v. supr.); sts. enclitic and orthotone in the same sentence,πάντα δὲ τὰ γιγνόμενα ὑπό τέ τινος γίγνεται καὶ ἔκ τινος καὶ τί Arist.Metaph. 1032a14
, cf. Pl.Chrm. 165c.2 position:a τις is rarely first word in the sentence, and rarely follows a pause (v. supr. 111.1a, b); it may stand second word,ἔσκε τις ἐνθάδε μάντις ἀνήρ Od.9.508
, cf. Il.8.515, 23.331; but in general its position is not far before or after the word to which it belongs in sense, ; .b in [dialect] Ion. Prose it sts. stands between its genitive and the Article of that genitive,τῶν τις Περσέων Hdt.1.85
;τῶν τις ἱρέων Id.2.38
;τῶν τινες Φοινίκων Id.8.90
;ἐς τῶν τι ἄλλο στομάτων τοῦ Νείλου Id.2.179
; so also in late Prose, Ath.3.108d, Eust.1402.18, 1659.27, 1676.1.c it stands between the Art. and Subst. in signf.11.10b.d τίς τι is the correct order, not τί τις, IG12.110.46, Th.7.10, X.An.4.1.14 (codd. dett.), D.22.22, etc.e whereas in [dialect] Att. the order ἐάν τις is compulsory, in [dialect] Dor. the usual order is αἴ τίς κα, Leg.Gort.9.43, al., Tab.Heracl.1.105, al. (butαἴ κά τις Epich.35
, 159;αἰ δέ κα μή τις Leg.Gort.5.13
): later [dialect] Dor. , al.; καἴ τι ἂν ( = καὶ εἴ τι ἂν) IG5(1).1390.50 (Andania, i B.C., v. infr. B.11.1b):—this [dialect] Dor. order influenced the Koine, as in the rareεἴ τις ἂν Plu.TG15
. -
5 χράω
A fall upon, attack, assail, c. dat. pers.,στυγερὸς δέ οἱ ἔχραε δαίμων Od.5.396
;τίς τοι κακὸς ἔχραε δαίμων; 10.64
; soἠϊθέοις οὐκ ἔστι τόσος πόνος, ὁππόσος ἡμῖν.. ἔχραε AP5.296
(Agath.): cf. ἐπιχράω (B).II c. acc. rei, inflict upon a person,κακὸν δέ οἱ ἔχραε κοῖτον Nic.Th. 315
.III c. inf., conceive a desire to.., τίπτε σὸς υἱὸς ἐμὸν ῥόον ἔχραε κήδειν ἐξ ἄλλων; why did he want (or needed he) to vex my stream of all others? Il.21.369; μνηστῆρες.., οἳ τόδε δῶμα ἐχράετ' ἐσθιέμεν καὶ πινέμεν ye suitors.., who have become so eager to.., Od.21.69. (For signfs. 1, 11, cf. ζαχρηής; for 111 perh. cf. χρή, κέχρημαι ( χράω (B) C), χρῇ, χρῇς.)------------------------------------Aχρῇ S.El.35
, [dialect] Ion.χρᾷ Hdt.1.62
(also Luc.DMort.3.2); inf.χρᾶν Hdt.8.135
(also Luc.Alex.19); [dialect] Ion. part. , fem.χρέωσα Hdt.7.111
; [dialect] Ep.χρείων Od.8.79
, h.Ap. 396: [tense] impf.ἔχραον Pi.O.7.92
(v.l. ἔχρεον), A.R.2.454; [ per.] 3sg.ἔχρη Tyrt.3.3
, Hermesian.7.89, ([etym.] ἐξ-) S.OC87: [tense] fut. , Hdt.1.19, A.Ag. 1083: [tense] aor.ἔχρησα Hdt.4.156
, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor.ἐχρήσθην Id.1.49
, etc.: [tense] pf. κέχρησμαι (v.l. κέχρημαι) Id.4.164, 7.141: [tense] plpf. ἐκέχρηστο (v.l. ἐκέχρητο) Id.2.147, 151, 3.64, etc.:—[voice] Med.,χρῶμαι Th.1.126
, etc., [dialect] Ion.χρέομαι Hdt.
, inf.χρέεσθαι 1.157
( χρᾶσθαι ib. 172); part.χρεώμενος 4.151
: [tense] impf. [ per.] 3pl. ἐχρέωντο (v.l. ἐχρέοντο) 4.157, 5.82: [tense] fut.χρήσομαι Od.10.492
, etc.I in [voice] Act. of the gods and their oracles, proclaim, abs., : : c. acc. rei, χρήσω ἀνθρώποισι Διὸς βουλήν ib. 132, cf. Thgn.807, Pi.l.c., Plot.2.9.9;ἡ Πυθίη οἱ χρᾷ τάδε Hdt.1.55
, cf. 4.155; χρῆσεν οἰκιστῆρα Βάττον proclaimed him the colonizer, Pi.P.4.6; also in Trag., ; ;χρῇ μοι τοιαῦθ' ὁ Φοῖβος S.El.35
;σοὶ δ' οὐκ ἔχρησεν οὐδέν E.Hec. 1268
;χ. φόνον Id.El. 1267
: also c. acc. cogn.,χ. χρησμόν Id.Ph. 409
; (lyr.): c. inf., warn or direct by oracle, ; without ὥστε, ib. 203; χρήσαντ' ἐμοὶ.. ἐκτὸς αἰτίας κακῆς εἶναι that I should be.., Id.Ch. 1030; c. inf. [tense] aor., Ar. V. 159: rare in [dialect] Att. Prose,τάδε ὁ Ἀπόλλων ἔχρησεν IG12.80.10
; ;τοῦ θεοῦ χρήσαντος Id.5.32
, cf. Lycurg.99;ἔχρησεν ὁ θεός SIG1044.5
(Halic., iv/iii B. C.);ὁ θεὸς ἔχρησε IG42(1).122.78
(Epid., iv B. C.).II [voice] Pass., to be declared, proclaimed by an oracle, ; mostly of the oracle delivered,τὰ ἐκ Δελφῶν οὕτω τῷ Κροίσῳ ἐχρήσθη Hdt.1.49
;τὰ χρηστήρια ταῦτά σφι ἐχρήσθη Id.9.94
;ἠπίως χρησθῆναι Id.7.143
; τὸ χρησθέν, τὰ χρησθέντα, the response, Id.1.63, 7.178;ἐν Πυθῶνι χρησθὲν παλαίφατον Pi.O.2.39
;πεύθου τὰ χρησθέντ' S.OT 604
; χρησθὲν αὐτῷ ἐν Νεμέᾳ τοῦτο παθεῖν since it was foretold him by an oracle that.. Th.3.96; ἃ τοῦδ' ἐχρήσθη σώματος which were declared about it, S.OC 355;τὸν κεχρησμένον θάνατον Hdt.4.164
(- χρημ- codd.);τοῦ κακοῦ τοῦ κεχρησμένου Id.7.141
(v.l. -χρημ-): impers., c. inf., καί σφι ἐχρήσθη ἀνέμοισι εὔχεσθαι ib. 178: c. acc. et inf.,ἐκέχρηστό σφι.. τοῦτον βασιλεύσειν Id.2.147
; c. inf. [tense] aor., Id.7.220.III [voice] Med., of the person to whom the response is given, consult a god or oracle, c. dat.,ψυχῇ χρησόμενος Θηβαίου Τειρεσίαο Od.10.492
, 565; χ. θεῷ, χρηστηρίοισι, μαντηΐῳ, Hdt.1.47, 53, 157;τῷ θεῷ Aeschin.3.124
;χ. μάντεσι Μούσαις Ar.Av. 724
(anap.), cf. Pl. Lg. 686a;ὅσοι μαντικὴν νομίζοντες οἰωνοῖς χρῶνται X.Mem.1.1.3
; χ. χρηστηρίῳ εἰ .. inquire at the oracle whether.., Hdt.3.57: abs.,ὑπέρβη λάϊνον οὐδὸν χρησόμενος Od.8.81
, cf. h.Ap. 252, 292;ἀπέστειλε ἄλλους χρησομένους Hdt.1.46
; οἱ χρώμενοι the consulters, E.Ph. 957;χρωμένῳ ἐν Δελφοῖς Th.1.126
; alsoχ. περὶ τοῦ πολέμου Hdt.7.220
, cf. 1.85, 4.150, 155, etc.; having inquired of an oracle,Arist.
Rh. 1398b33: c. inf., σωφρονεῖν κεχρημένον being divinely warned to be temperate, A.Pers. 829, cf. Marcellin.Vit. Thuc.6: later simply, receive a divine revelation, Plot.5.3.14.—Hom. has the word in this sense only in Od.: the [voice] Act. only in [tense] pres. part. χρείων ([tense] fut. ): the [voice] Med. only in part. [tense] fut. χρησόμενος.B furnish with a thing, in which sense the [tense] pres. was [full] κίχρημι, D.53.12, Plu.Pomp.29; Cret. [ per.] 3sg.κίγχρητι Inscr.Cret.1 xxiii 3
(Phaestus, ii B. C.); Delph. [ per.] 3sg. [tense] pres. subj. (iv B. C.): [tense] aor. χρέη ib.13; [tense] pres. part. κιχρέντε ib.adn. (rarely [full] χρηννύναι, [full] χρηννύω, Thphr.Char.5.10, 10.13: [voice] Med.,χρηννυόμεθα PCair.Zen. 304.4
(iii B. C.)): [tense] fut.χρήσω Hdt.3.58
: [tense] aor. ἔχρησα ibid., 6.89, Ar. Th. 219, X.Mem.3.11.18, Lys.19.24, IG12.108.16, etc. ([ per.] 3sg. writtenἔκχρησεν IG12(3).1350.4
([place name] Thera)); imper. , Pl. Com.205: [tense] pf.κέχρηκα Men.461
, 598, Plb.29.21.6 ( = D.S.31.10): [tense] plpf.ἐκεχρήκει App.BC2.29
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. κέχρημαι ([etym.] δια-) D.27.11:—[voice] Med., [tense] pres.κίχρᾰμαι Plu.2.534b
; inf.κίχρασθαι Thphr.Char.30.20
: [tense] impf.ἐκιχράμην AP9.584.10
: [tense] aor. ἐχρησάμην, imper. (lyr.), etc.:— furnish the use of a thing, i.e. lend, usu. in a friendly way, δανείζω being the word applied to usurers (but χ. = δανείζω in Antipho Soph.54), ll. cc.;οὐ δεδωκώς, ἀλλὰ χρήσας Arist.EN 1162b33
, cf. LXX Ex.11.3;ἡ πειρατικὴ δύναμις χρήσασα ταῖς βασιλικαῖς ὑπηρεσίαις ἑαυτήν Plu.Pomp.24
;χ. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ σχολήν τισι Id.Phil. 13
; χ. τὰν χέρα, in the formula of manumission, IG9(1).189, 194 ([place name] Tithora):—[voice] Med., borrow, τι E.El. 191 (lyr.), Thphr.Char.30.20: abs., ; πόδας χρήσας, ὄμματα χρησάμενος having lent feet and borrowed eyes, of a blind man carrying a lame one, AP9.13 (Pl.Jun.), cf. Pl.Demod. 384b, 384c.II = χρηματίζω 111,τοῦ χρέοντος γραμματέως CIG2562.18
(s. v. l., Hierapytna).------------------------------------χράομαι. (See also χράω)C [voice] Med. [full] χράομαι, [dialect] Att. [full] χρῶμαι, χρῇ prob. in Pl.Hp.Mi. 369a, (anap.), etc. (also Trag., A.Ag. 953), χρώμεθα, χρῆσθε, χρῶνται, And.4.6, Pl.La. 194c, Th.1.70, etc.; [dialect] Dor. [full] χρέομαι Sophr.126; [dialect] Ion.χρᾶται Hdt.1.132
, al. (so in later Prose, Iamb. in Nic.p.28 P.); χρέεται v.l. in Hdt.4.50;χρέονται Hp.
Aër.1;χρέωνται Hdt.1.34
, 4.108, al.;χρείωνται Heraclit.104
; opt.χρῴμην, χρῷο Pl. Cri. 45b
,χρῷτο Gorg.Fr.20
, etc.; [dialect] Ion.χρέοιτο Hp.Acut.56
; imper.χρῶ Democr.270
, Ar.Th. 212, Isoc.1.34, [dialect] Ion.χρέο Hp.Steril.230
, Hdt. 1.155 (v.l. χρέω, as in Hp.Acut. (Sp.) 62); [ per.] 3sg. [dialect] Dor. (Chalcedon, iii/ii B. C.); [ per.] 2pl.χρῆσθε And.1.11
; [ per.] 3pl. (s. v.l.; v. infr.111.4b), Th.5.18;χρώσθων IG12.122.5
; [dialect] Dor.χρόνσθω Mnemos.57.208
(Argos, vi B. C.); inf. [dialect] Att. and [dialect] Ion.χρῆσθαι IG12.57.19
, Ar.Av. 1040, Lys.25.20, SIG57.5 (Milet., v B. C.), IG12(5).593 A12 (Ceos, v B. C.); [dialect] Ion. and Hellenisticχρᾶσθαι Hdt. 2.15
, 3.20, al., IG12(5).606.9 (Ceos, iv/iii B. C.), SIG344.50 (Teos, iv B. C.), 1106.80 (Cos, iv/iii B. C.), PCair.Zen.299.10 (iii B. C.), OGI214.19 (Didyma, iii B. C.), IG22.1325.24 (both forms in Phld.Rh.1.66S. and Ph.Bel.,χρῆσθαι 57.35
, al.,χρᾶσθαι 53.49
, al.), [dialect] Ion. χρέεσθαι as v.l. for χρῆσθαι Hdt.1.21, 187, al. ( χρῆσθαι ib. 153 codd.), so in Arc., IG5 (2).514.14 (Lycosura, ii B. C.), Eleanχρηῆσται Inscr.Olymp.1.3
(vii/vi B. C.), [dialect] Boeot.χρειεῖσθη IG7.3169
(Orchom., iii B. C.); [dialect] Locr. and [dialect] Lacon.χρῆσται IG9(1).334.19
, 23 (Oeanthea, v B. C.), 5(1).1317.8 (Thalamae, iv/iii B. C.); part. [dialect] Att. , IG12.81.6, etc.; [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion.χρεώμενος Il.23.834
(as a dactyl), Hdt.2.108, Hp.Acut.18, [dialect] Dor. , 438.11 (both Delph., iii B. C.), Berl.Sitzb.1927.156 ([place name] Cyrene),χρήμενος Riv.Fil.58.472
(Gortyn, iii B. C.), ([place name] Dodona): [tense] impf. [dialect] Att. , , And.1.49,ἐχρῆτο Th.1.130
, etc.; pl.,ἐχρώμεθα Lys.Fr.29
, , etc.; [dialect] Ion.ἐχρᾶτο Hdt.2.173
(v.l. -ῆτο), 3.3, 129, al. (also found in Anaxipp.1.9 codd.Ath.),ἐχρέωντο Hdt.2.108
, al.: butἐχρῆτο 3.41
codd., Herod.6.55, ([etym.] προς-) Hp.Epid.3.17.ά: [tense] fut. (lyr.), etc.; alsoκεχρήσομαι Theoc.16.73
: [tense] aor. , Th.5.7, al.: [tense] pf. κέχρημαι (v. infr. 1): [tense] aor. ἐχρήσθην in pass. sense (v. infr. vii):—in [tense] pf. κέχρημαι (with [tense] pres. sense) c. gen., desire, yearn after, the usual sense in [dialect] Ep., οὔτ' εὐνῆς πρόφασιν κεχρημένος (sc. αὐτῆς)οὔτε τευ ἄλλου Il.19.262
;νόστου κεχρημένον ἠδὲ γυναικός Od.1.13
;κομιδῆς κεχρημένοι ἄνδρες 14.124
, cf. 17.421, 20.378, 22.50;μαντοσυνεων κεχρημένοι Emp.112.10
.2 to be in want of, lack,τοῦ κεχρημένοι; S.Ph. 1264
, cf. E.IA 382 (troch.); [βορᾶς] κεχρημένοι Id.Cyc.98
;οὐ πόνων κεχρήμεθα Id.Med. 334
;τίνος κέχρησθε, γυναῖκες; Theoc.26.18
: [tense] fut.,ὃς ἐμεῦ κεχρήσετ' ἀοιδοῦ Id.16.73
; χρήσομεθα εἰς τὰ ἔργα καὶ ὁδοῦ.. καὶ ὕδατος we shall need.., SIG1182.12 (Ephes., iii B. C.): freq. abs. in part. κεχρημένος, lacking, needy, Od.14.155, 17.347, Hes.Op. 317, 500, E.Supp. 327, Pl.Lg. 717c: but κεχρηόσι δαίτης is f.l. for κεχαρηόσι in Nic.Fr.70.18.3 [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf. κέχρημαι, κεχρήμην, in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. sense, c. dat., enjoy, have, φρεσὶ γὰρ κέχρητ' ἀγαθῇσι ([etym.] ν) Od.3.266, 14.421, 16.398; αὕτη (sc. ἡ χώρη) Aër.12; ἡ καταδεεστέροις τούτοις (sc. τοῖς εἴδεσι)κεχρημένη τραγῳδία Arist.Po. 1450a32
, cf. a13, b33; ἄλλαις, μικραῖς διαφοραῖς, Id.Metaph. 1042b31, Phgn. 809a8; ὑγροτέραις σαρξί ib. b11; θριξὶ ξανθαῖς ib.25;καθαρωτάτῳ.. αἵματι Id.Resp. 477a21
; τῶν.. πλαγίαις ταῖς ῥάβδοις κεχρημένων (sc. ἰχθύων) Id.Fr. 295;εὐγενείᾳ κεχρημένος IG42(1).83.10
(Epid., i A. D.);σφαιρικῷ ὄγκῳ PLit.Lond.167.25
(ii/iii A. D.), cf. κεχρημένως ([place name] Addenda); so in [tense] pres.,χρῶνται δειλαῖς φρεσὶ, δαίμονι δ' ἐσθλῷ Thgn.161
; μέρητραγῳδίας, οἷς ὡς εἴδεσι δεῖ χρῆσθαι, πρότερον εἴπομεν Arist.Po. 1452b14
, cf. 1458b14.II use, [tense] pres. once in Hom., abs.,ἑξει μιν καὶ πέντε περιπλομένους ἐνιαυτοὺς χρεώμενος Il.23.834
: later mostly c. dat. (for acc. v. infr. VI), ;ἐσθῆτι τοιῇδε χρέωνται Hdt.1.195
, cf. 202, Ar.Ra. 1061 (anap.);διφασίοισι γράμμασι χ. Hdt.2.36
; τοῖσιοὐνόμασι τῶν θεῶν ib.52; πλατυτέροισι ἐχρέωντο τοῖσι πόμασι, ἐκ φρεάτων χρεώμενοι ib. 108; τοῖσι ἐποποιοῖσι χρεώμενον λέγειν ib. 120; ὅστις ἐμπύρῳ χρῆται τέχνῃ consults burnt offerings, E.Ph. 954; χ. ἀργυρίῳ make use of money, Pl.R. 333b; ; χ. ἵπποις manage them, X.Smp.2.10; χ. ἰχθύσι use for food, Plu.2.668f; οἴνῳ χ. ἐπὶ πλέον ib.715d; χ. ναυτιλίῃσι, θαλάσσῃ, Hdt.2.43, Th.1.3;ὠνῇ καὶ πρήσι Hdt.1.153
;δρασμῷ Aeschin.3.21
;τέχναις X.Mem.3.10.1
, Oec.4.4;τῇ τέχνῃ POxy.1029.25
(ii A. D.); χρώμενοι τῇ πόλει taking a part in politics, E. Ion 602; ; ἄλλον τρόπον τῇ πολιτείᾳ κέχρημαι, = πεπολίτευμαι, Hyp.Eux.28;φωνὴν δυναμένην ὄχλῳ χρῆσθαι Isoc.5.81
; τῇ τραπέζῃ τῇ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐχρῆτο he had dealings with my father's bank, D.52.3; χ. τοῖς πράγμασι καὶ τοῖς καιροῖς administer them, Isoc.6.50.III experience, suffer, be subject to, esp. external events or conditions, having experienced,Pi.
N.4.58;κείμεθ' ἀγηράντῳ χρώμενοι εὐλογίῃ Simon.100.4
;νιφετῷ Hdt.4.50
;στίβῃ καὶ νιφετῷ Call.Epigr.33.3
; , D.18.194;λαίλαπι AP7.503
(Leon.); στυγεροῖς πνεύμασι Epigr. ap. D.S.13.41 (iv B. C.); ;οἰκεῖα πράγματ' εἰσάγων, οἷς χρώμεθ', οἷς σύνεσμεν Ar.Ra. 959
; ;ἀπεψίαις χ. IG42(1).126.4
(Epid., ii A. D.);ἑκὼν.. οὐδεὶς δουλίῳ χρῆται ζυγῷ A.Ag. 953
; νόμοισι χ. live under laws, Hdt. 1.173, 216, cf. IG9(1).334.19 ([dialect] Locr., v B. C.);νόμοις τοῖς ἰδίοις Riv.Fil.58.472
(Gortyn, iii B. C.);ἀνομίᾳ X.Mem.1.2.24
; (lyr.); χ. εὐμαρείᾳ to be at ease, S.Tr. 193 (but, ease oneself, Hdt.2.35);συντυχίῃ χ. Id.5.41
; , And.1.67, 120;πολλῇ εὐτυχίᾳ Pl.Men. 72a
; πολλῇ τῇ νίκῃ χρῆται, = παρὰ πολὺ νικᾷ, And.4.31;συμφορῇ κεχρημένος Hdt.1.42
, cf. E.Med. 347;τοιούτῳ μόρῳ ἐχρήσατο ὁ παῖς Hdt. 1.117
; θείῃ πομπῇ χρεώμενος divinely sent, ib.62; of mental conditions present in the subject, τῷ χόλῳ χρέομαι I feel anger, Sophr. 126;λογισάμενος ἢν εὑρίσκῃ πλέω τε καὶ μέζω τὰ ἀδικήματα ἐόντα τῶν ὑποργημάτων, οὕτω τῷ θυμῷ χρᾶται Hdt.1.137
; μὴ πάντα θυμῷ χρέο ib. 155;ὀργῇ χρωμένη S.OT 1241
;ὀργῇ μεγάλῃ μοι ἐχρήσω LXX Jb.10.17
, cf. 19.11, al.; ἀγνωμοσύνῃ χρησάμενοι ἀπέστησαν they stiffened their necks and.. Hdt.5.83; οἴησις γάρ, καὶ μάλιστα ἐν ἰητρικῇ, αἰτίην μὲντοῖσι κεχρημένοισιν, ὄλεθρον δὲ τοῖσι χρεωμένοισι ἐπιφέρει vanity brings blame on its possessor (or victim) and ruin on those who consult him, Hp Decent.4;πολλῇ ἀνοίᾳ χρώμενος Antipho 3.3.2
;ἀμαθίᾳ πλέονι.. χρῆσθε Th.1.68
;ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις μείζοσιν ἢ κατὰ τὴν ὑπάρχουσαν οὐσίαν ἐχρῆτο Id.6.15
;φθόνῳ καὶ διαβολῇ χ. Pl.Ap. 18d
;οὺ τῇ ἑαυτοῦ ἁμαρτίᾳ ἀλλὰ τῇ τοῦ πατάξαντος χρησάμενος ἀπέθανεν Antipho 4.3.4
;τοῖς ἁμαρτήμασι παραπλησίοις ἐχρήσαντο Isoc.8.104
;μή τι ἄρα τῇ ἐλαφρίᾳ ἐχρησάμην; 2 Ep.Cor.1.17
.2 with verbal nouns. periphr. for the verb derived from the noun, ἀληθέϊ λόγῳ χ. use true speech, i.e. speak the truth, Hdt.1.14; ἀληθείῃ χ. ib. 116, 7.101; βοῇ χ. set up a cry, Id.4.134; τοιούτῳ πράγματι οὐ κέχρησαι, = οὐδὲν τοιοῦτο ἔπραξας, Hyp.Eux.11; δαψιλέϊ τῷ ποτῷ (fort. πότῳ)χρησαμένους Hdt.2.121
.δ'; ἐσόδῳ χρέο πυκνῶς visit often, Hp.Decent.13;ἡ σελήνη.. διὰ παντὸς τῇ ἴσῃ παραυξήσει καὶ μειώσει χρῆται Gem.18.16
.3 c. dupl. dat., use as so and so,τοῖς ἀγαθοῖσιν.. χ. πρὸς τὰ κακὰ ἀλκῇ Democr.173
;μιᾷ πόλει ταύτῃ χ. Th.2.15
;χ. τῷ σίτῳ ὄψῳ ἢ τῷ ὄψῳ σίτῳ X.Mem.3.14.4
.4 χ. τισιν ἔς τι use for an end or purpose, Hdt.1.34;πρός τι X.Oec.11.13
;ἐπί τι Id.Mem.1.2.9
; ἀμφί or περί τι, Id.Oec.9.6, An.3.5.10; with neut. Adj. or Pron. as Adv., τάδε [τῷ ἀμφιβλήστρῳ] χ. makes the following use of the net, Hdt.2.95;χρέωνται οὐδὲν ἐλαίῳ Id.1.193
; χρυσῷ καὶ χαλκῷ τὰ πάντα χρέωνται ib. 215; λογισμῷ ἐλάχιστα χ., πλεῖστα ἀρετῇ χ., Th.2.11, 5.105; τί χρήσεταί ποτ' αὐτῷ; what use will he make of him? Ar.Ach. 935, cf. X.An.1.3.18;χ. τἀνδρὶ τοῖς τ' ἐμοῖς λόγοις S.Tr.60
; .b treat, deal with, , cf. Ar.Nu. 439 (anap.; fort. delendum χρήσθων), Isoc.12.107; εἰ τύχοι (sc. γυνὴ)μὴ ἐπιτηδεία γενομένη, τί χρὴ τῇ συμφορᾷ χρῆσθαι; Antipho Soph.49
; ἀπορέων ὅ τι χρήσηται τῷ παρεόντι πρήγματι not knowing what to make of it, Hdt.7.213;ἠπόρει ὅτι χρήσαιτο Pl.Prt. 321c
;οὐκ ἂν ἔχοις ὅτι χρῷο σαυτῷ Id.Cri. 45b
; in elliptical phrases,τί οὖν χρησώμεθα; Id.Ly. 213c
;Θηβαίους ἔχοντες.. τί χρήσεσθε; D.8.74
: c. dat. et acc. cogn., , cf. 785b, Clit. 407e.IV of persons, χρῆσθαί τινι ὡς .. treat him as..,χ. τινὶ ὡς ἀνδρὶ ψεύστῃ Hdt.7.209
; χ. [τισὶν] ὡς πολεμίοις, ὡς φίλοις καὶ πιστοῖς, treat as friends or enemies, regard them as such, Th.1.53, X.Cyr.4.2.8; soφιλικώτερον χρῆσθαί τισι Id.Mem.4.3.12
;ὑβριστικῶς χ. τισί D.56.12
; also withoutὡς, ἔμοιγε χρώμενος διδασκάλῳ A.Pr. 324
, cf. Heraclit.104;ὥς γ' ἐμοὶ χρῆσθαι κριτῇ E.Alc. 801
; ;πλείστοις καὶ δεινοτάτοις ἐχροῖς χ. And.4.2
;ἀσθενέσι χ. πολεμίοις X.Cyr.3.2.4
.b χρῆσθαί τινι (without φίλῳ) to be intimate with a man, X.Hier.5.2, Mem.4.8.11;χρῆσθαι καὶ συνεῖναί τισι And.1.49
; ἀνάγκη, ὃς ἂν γένηται (sc. παῖς, son), τούτῳ χρῆσθαι one must put up with the son that is born, Democr.277: ἰητρῷ μὴ χρωμένους not consulting a doctor, Hp. de Arte5 (so c. dat. et acc., ἐσιέναι παρὰ βασιλέα μηδένα, δι' ἀγγέλων δὲ πάντα χρᾶσθαι (sc. αὐτῷ) deal with him in everything by messengers, Hdt.1.99); so Πλάτωνι, Ξενοφῶντι, χ. use, study their writings, Plu.2.79d: abs., friends,X.
Ages.11.13, Mem.2.6.5, Isoc.6.44.2 esp. of sexual intercourse,γυναιξὶ ἐχρᾶτο Hdt.2.181
, cf. X.Mem.1.2.29, 2.1.30, Is.3.10, D.59.67.3 χρῆσθαι ἑαυτῷ make use ofoneself or one's powers, with a part.,οὐδ' ὑγιαίνοντι χρώμενος ἑαυτῷ Plu.Nic.17
;αὑτῷ νήφοντι χ. Id.Eum.16
: so with an Adv.,χ. ἑαντῷ πρὸς τοὺς κινδύνους ἀφειδῶς Id.Alex.45
; παρέχειν ἑαυτὸν ταῖς ἀρχαῖς χρῆσθαι place oneself at the disposal of another, X.Cyr.1.2.13, cf. 8.1.5.V abs., or with Adv., χρῶνται Πέρσαι οὕτω so the Persians are wont to do, such is their custom. ib.4.3.23.VI in later Gk. ( τῷ μεγαλόφρονι shd. be read for τὸ μεγαλόφρον in X.Ages.11.11) c. acc. rei,χ. τὰ ἀπὸ λιμένων.. εἰς διοίκησιν τῆς πόλεως Arist.Oec. 1350a7
; [θησαυρὸν] χρησάμενοι (v.l. κτησάμενοι) LXXWi.7.14;οἱ χρώμενοι τὸν κόσμον ὡς μὴ καταχρώμενοι 1 Ep.Cor.7.31
;ἄνηθον μετ' ἐλαίου χρήσασθαι IG42(1).126.27
(Epid., ii A. D.);ὕδωρ χρῶ PTeb.273.28
(ii/iii A. D.):— for Hdt.1.99, v. supr. IV. 1b.VII [voice] Pass., to be used, esp. in [tense] aor., αἱ δὲ (sc. αἱ νέες)οὐκ ἐχρήσθησαν Hdt.7.144
; τέως ἂν χρησθῇ so long as it be in use, D.21.16; [σιδήρου τοῦ] χρησθέντος εἰς τύλους Supp.Epigr.4.447.48
(Didyma, ii B. C.); Hsch. also has χρησθήσεται· χρησιμεύσει:—v. supr. A.11. -
6 ἀγαθός
ἀγᾰθός [pron. full] [ᾰγ], ή, όν, [dialect] Lacon. [full] ἀγασός Ar.Lys. 1301, Cypr. [full] ἀζαθός GDI57:—A good:I of persons,1 well-born, gentle, opp.κακός, δειλός, οἷά τε τοῖς ἀγαθοῖσι παραδρώωσι χέρηες Od.15.324
, cf. Il.1.275;ἀφνειός τ' ἀ. τε Il.13.664
, cf. Od.18.276;πατρὸς δ' εἴμ' ἀγαθοῖο, θεὰ δέ με γείνατο μήτηρ Il.21.109
, cf. Od.4.611;κακὸς ἐξ ἀ. Thgn.190
, cf. 57 sq.;πραῢς ἀστοῖς, οὐ φθονέων ἀγαθοῖς Pi.P. 3.71
, cf. 2.96, 4.285;τίς ἂν εὔπατρις ὧδε βλάστοι; οὐδεὶς τῶν ἀ. κτλ. S.El. 1082
;οἵ τ' ἀ. πρὸς τῶν ἀγενῶν κατανικῶνται Id.Fr.84
; τοὺς εὐγενεῖς γὰρ κἀγαθοὺς.. φιλεῖ Ἄρης ἐναίρειν ib. 649, cf. E.Alc. 600, al.:ἀγαθοὶ καὶ ἐξ ἀγαθῶν Pl.Phdr. 274a
:—in political sense, aristocrats, esp. in the phrase καλοὶ κἀγαθοί (v. sub καλοκἀγαθός).2 brave, valiant, since courage was attributed to Chiefs and Nobles, Il.1.131, al.;τῷ κ' ἀγαθὸς μὲν ἔπεφν', ἀγαθὸν δέ κεν ἐξενάριξεν 21.280
; cf. Hdt.5.109, etc.3 good, capable, in reference to ability,ἀ. βασιλεύς Il.3.179
;ἰητήρ 2.732
;θεράπων 16.165
, 17.388;πύκτης Xenoph.2.15
;ἰητρός Hp.Prog.1
;προβατογνώμων A.Ag. 795
;ἄρχοντες Democr.266
: freq. with qualifying words,ἀ. ἐν ὑσμίνῃ Il.13.314
;βοὴν ἀ. 2.408
, 563, al.;πύξ Od.11.300
;βίην Il.6.478
; ;πᾶσαν ἀρετήν Pl.Lg. 899b
, cf. Alc.1.124e;τέχνην Id.Prt.323b
; τὰ πολέμια, τὰ πολιτικά, Hdt.9.122, Pl.Grg. 516b, etc.: more rarely c. dat.,ἀ. πολέμῳ X.Oec.4.15
: with Preps.,ἄνδρες ἀ. περὶ τὸ πλῆθος Lys.13.2
;εἴς τι Pl.Alc.1.125a
; : c. inf.,ἀ. μάχεσθαι Hdt.1.136
;ἱππεύεσθαι 1.79
; ἀ. ἱστάναι good at weighing, Pl.Prt. 356b.4 good, in moral sense, first in Thgn.438, cf. Heraclit.104, S.El. 1082, X.Mem.1.7.1, Pl.Ap. 41d, etc.;ψυχῆς ἀγαθῆς πατρὶς ὁ ξύμπας κόσμος Democr.247
: freq. with other Adjs.,ὁ πιστὸς κἀ. S.Tr. 541
; δικαίων κἀ. ib. 1050:—ironical,τὸν ἀ. Κρέοντα Id.Ant.31
.5 ὦ ἀγαθέ, my good friend, as a term of gentle remonstrance, Pl.Prt. 311a, etc.II of things,1 good, serviceable,Ἰθάκη.. ἀ. κουροτρόφος Od.9.27
, etc.;ἀ. τοῖς τοκεῦσι, τῇ πόλει X.Cyn.13.17
: c. gen., εἴ τι οἶδα πυρετοῦ ἀ. good for it, Id.Mem.3.8.3;ἑλκῶν Thphr.HP9.11.1
.2 of outward circumstances,αἰδὼς οὐκ ἀ. κεχρημένῳ ἀνδρὶ παρεῖναι Od.17.347
; to good purpose,Il.
9.102;ὁ δὲ πείσεται εἰς ἀ. περ
for his own good end,11.789
;οὐκ ἀγαθὸν πολυκοιρανίη 2.204
:—ἀγαθόν [ἐστι], c. inf., it is good to do so and so, Il.7.282, 24.130, Od.3.196, etc.4 ἀγαθόν, τό, good, blessing, benefit, of persons or things,ὦ μέγα ἀ. σὺ τοῖς φίλοις X.Cyr.5.3.20
;φίλον, ὃ μέγιστον ἀ. εἶναί φασι Id.Mem.2.4.2
, cf. Ar.Ra.74, etc; as term of endearment for a baby, blessing!, treasure!, Men.Sam.28:— ἀγαθόν τινα δεδρακέναι, πεποιηκέναι confer a benefit on.., Th.3.68, Lys.13.92; ἐπ' ἀγαθῷ τινος for one's good, Th.5.27, X.Cyr.7.4.3;ἐπ' ἀ. τοῖς πολίταις Ar.Ra. 1487
;οὐκ ἐπ' ἀ.
for no good end,Th.
1.131;ἐπ' οὐδενὶ ἀ. τῆς Ἑλλάδος X.HG5.2.35
:—in pl., ἡ ἐπ' ἀγαθοῖς γεναμένη (sic)κατασπορά PFlor.21.10
(iii A.D.):—τὸ ἀ. or τἀ., the good, Epich.171.5, cf. Pl.R. 506b, 508e, Arist.Metaph. 1091a31, etc.:—in pl., ἀγαθά, τά, goods of fortune, treasures, wealth, Hdt.2.172, Lys.13.91, X.Mem.1.2.63, etc.; fare well,Ar.
Av. 1706; also, good things, dainties, Thgn.1000, Ar.Ach. 873, etc.: good qualities,τοῖς ἀ., οἷς ἔχομεν ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ Isoc.8.32
, cf. Democr.37; good points, of a horse,εἰ τἄλλα πάντα ἀ. ἔχοι, κακόπους δ' εἴη X.Eq. 1.2
.III [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup. are usu. supplied from other stems, viz. [comp] Comp. ἀμείνων, ἀρείων, βελτίων, κρείσσων (κάρρων), λωΐων ([etym.] λὥων), [dialect] Ep. βέλτερος, λωΐτερος, φέρτερος:—[comp] Sup. ἄριστος, βέλτιστος, κράτιστος, λώϊστος ([etym.] λῷστος), [dialect] Ep.βέλτατος, κάρτιστος, φέρτατος, φέριστος:— later, reg. [comp] Comp.ἀγαθώτερος LXX Jd.11.25
, 15.2, D.S.8Fr.12, Plot. 5.5.9, Diod.Rh.p.53.9H.: [comp] Sup.ἀγαθώτατος D.S.16.85
, Hld.5.15, etc. (- ότατος POxy.1757.26
(ii A.D.)). -
7 ἀπατηλός
A = ἀπατήλιος, Il.1.526;κόσμος Parm.8.52
;λόγου στόλος Emp.17.26
;δέσποινα X.Oec.1.20
;κακοῦργος καὶ ἀπατηλή Pl.Grg. 465b
;ἀ. λόγος Id.Lg. 892d
;τὸ ἀ. ἐν λόγοις Id.Cra. 407e
;σκιαγραφία ἀ.
producing illusion,Id.
Criti. 107d;στρατηγός App.BC1.112
([comp] Sup.); also, deceptive, opp. γνήσιος, Eus. Mynd.63. Adv.- λῶς Iamb.Myst.3.26
, Poll.9.135.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀπατηλός
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8 κλέπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `steal, conceal, do secretly, cheat, deceive'.Other forms: Aor. κλέψαι (Il.), pass. κλεφθῆναι (Hdt., E.), κλαπῆναι (Th., Pl.), ptc. κλεπείς (pap. IIp), fut. κλέψω (h. Merc.), perf. κέκλοφα (Att.), ptc. κεκλεβώς (Andania Ia; hyperdialectic?, Schwyzer 722), midd. κέκλεμμαι (S.), κέκλαμμαι (Ar.),Compounds: also with prefix as ἀπο-, ἐκ-, δια-, ὑπο-. As 2. member in βοῦ-κλεψ (S. Fr. 318), as 1. member in governing compounds, e. g. κλεψί-φρων `guileful' (Hermes, h. Merc.); from κλέψαι, cf. Knecht Τερψίμβροτος 38, Zumbach Neuerungen 21; on κλεψύδρα s. v.Derivatives: A. With ε-vowel: κλέπος n. `theft' (Sol. ap. Poll. 8, 34). 2. κλέμμα `theft, deceit, ruse of war' (Att.) with κλεμμάδιος `stolen' (Pl.; after ἀμφάδιος, κρυπτάδιος, Chantraine Formation 39). 3. κλεπία κλοπή (Phot.). 4. κλέπτης m. `thieve' (Il.), superl. κλεπτίστατος (Ar.; Leumann Mus. Helv. 2, 10ff.). Diminut. κλεπτίσκος (Eup.), - τάριον (Charis.), joking Patronym. κλεπτίδης (Pherecr.); fem. κλέπτις (Alciphr.), κλέπτρια (Sotad. Com.; formally from κλεπτήρ, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 75); adj. κλεπτικός `thievish' (Pl., Luc.); abstract κλεπτο-σύνη `thievishness' (τ 396, Man.; Porzig Satzinhalte 226, Wyss - συνη 25). 5. κλεπτήρ `thieve' (Man.; cf. Fraenkel 1, 75). 6. κλέπιμος `smuggled' (pap. IIIa; hardly with Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 100 to the old and rare κλέπος but rather from κλόπιμος with ε after κλέπτω); 7. κλεψιμαῖος `won through theft' (LXX; juridical term, Chantraine Mél. Maspero 2, 220; *κλέψις only as 1. member). - B. With ο-vowel. 1. κλοπή `theft, secret act' (trag., att.) with κλοπαῖος `won through theft' (Att.), κλόπιμος `id., thievish' (Ps.-Phoc.), - ιμαῖος = κλεψιμαῖος (s. above; Luc., Ant. Lib.), κλοπικός `thievish' (Hermes, Pl. Kra. 407e; cf. Chantraine Ét. sur le vocab. gr. 142); ἐπί-κλοπος `deceitful' (Il.; Porzig Satzinhalte 249) with ἐπικλοπίη (Nonn.); Έπικλόπειος surn. of Zeus (H.); ὑπό-κλοπος, s. below 2. κλοπός `thieve' (h. Merc. 276, Opp.) with κλόπιος `deceitful, thievish' (ν 295, AP, APl.). 3. κλοπεύς `thieve, secret author' (S.) with κλοπεύω `plunder' (App.), κλοπεία (Str.; v. l. - ω-), - εῖον `stolen good' (Max.). 4. iteratives present ὑπο-κλοπέοιτο `conceal oneself' (χ 382; ὑπο-κλέπτειν Pi., ὑπό-κλοπος `deceitful, false' B.; cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 524). - C. With ω-vowel. 1. κλώψ `thieve' (Hdt., E., X.) with κλωπικός `secretly' (E. Rh. 205 a. 512; Chantraine Ét. 119), κλωπήϊος `id.' (A.R., Max.), κλωπεύω (X., Luc.), - εία (Att.); 2. iteratives present κλωπάομαι = κλέπτομαι (H.).Etymology: With the aorist κλέψαι agrees exactly Lat. clepsī; against the τ-(Jot-)present κλέπτω Latin and Germanic have a prob. older (Schwyzer 704) thematic root present Lat. clepō = Goth. hlifan `steal'. An isolated nominal deriv. is perh. preserved in MIr. cluain `deceit, flattery' \< * klop-ni-. Note with diff. anlaut Lith. slepiù, slẽpti `conceal'; from skl-?, or rather a cross or rhyming formation? - Not to καλύπτω (s. v.). W.-Hofmann s. clepō, Feist Vgl. Wb. d. got. Spr. s. hlifan.Page in Frisk: 1,870-871Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλέπτω
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9 λατρεύω
λατρεύω fut. λατρεύσω; 1 aor. ἐλάτρευσα (Trag. et al. in var. senses, ‘work for pay, be in servitude, render cultic service’; ins, LXX; ApcMos 13; En, Philo, SibOr 4, 104; Just.) serve, in our lit. only of the carrying out of religious duties, esp. of a cultic nature, by human beings: λ. θεῷ (Eur., Ion 152; Plut., Mor. 405c; 407e; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 300 ὅλῃ τ. ψυχῇ; cp. En 10:21; Orig., C. Cels. 5, 11, 39 [w. προσκυνέω]) Mt 4:10; Lk 4:8 (both Dt 6:13); 1:74; Ac 7:7 (cp. Ex 3:12); 24:14; 27:23; Hb 9:14; Rv 7:15; 22:3; Pol 2:1. τῷ ὀνόματι (θεοῦ) 1 Cl 45:7; τῷ διαβόλῳ λ. serve the devil (in reality) ISm 9:1. Of the Jews λ. ἀγγέλοις PtK 2 p. 14, 26. Of image-worship (Ex 20:5; 23:24; Ezk 20:32; En 99:7; Just., A I, 53, 6; Theoph. Ant. 2, 34 p. 184, 26; 3, 9 p. 222, 23) Ac 7:42; Ro 1:25; εἰδώλοις AcPl Ha 2, 32.—W. indication of the manner in which the service (τῷ θεῷ) is performed (cp. τὴν ἀληθῆ λαθρείαν λ. τῷ θεῷ Orig., C. Cels. 2, 2, 42) (τῷ θεῷ) ἐν καθαρᾷ συνειδήσει serve (God) w. a clear conscience 2 Ti 1:3. (διὰ χάριτος) λ. εὐαρέστως τῷ θεῷ μετὰ εὐλαβείας καὶ δέους (in thankfulness) serve God acceptably with reverence and awe Hb 12:28. (τῷ θεῷ) λ. ἐν τῷ πνεύματί μου ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ I serve (God) with my spirit in the gospel Ro 1:9 (cp. Phil 3:3 v.l.).—Without the dat. of the one to whom service is given: ἐν ἐκτενείᾳ νύκτα κ. ἡμέραν λ. serve (God) earnestly night and day Ac 26:7. νηστείαις κ. δεήσεσιν λ. νύκτα κ. ἡμέραν serve (God) night and day w. fasting and prayer Lk 2:37. οἱ πνεύματι θεοῦ λατρεύοντες those who worship by the Spirit of God Phil 3:3 (HKoester, NTS 8, ’62, 320f: work as a missionary in the Spirit of God). ὁ λατρεύων the worshiper (who is concerned w. the rituals prescribed by Mosaic ordinance) Hb 9:9; 10:2.—Hb also adds to λ. in the dat. the holy objects by means of which the priest renders service 8:5; 13:10.—WBrandt, Dienst u. Dienen im NT ’31; CCranfield, Interpretation 12, ’58, 387–98; BReicke, NT Studies: TManson memorial vol., ’59, 194–209.—DELG s.v. λάτρον. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
10 σαργάνη
σαργάνη, ης, ἡ (Aeschyl. et al., in the sense ‘plait, braid’) basket (so Aeneas Tact. 1348; Timocl. Com. [IV B.C.], Fgm. 14, 4 Kock [in Athen. 8, 339e; 9, 407e]; Lucian, Lexiph. 6; BGU 417, 14; PFlor 269, 7; PStras 37, 13) 2 Cor 11:33, where it is ‘clearly a rope-basket’ (B. 623; s. also FHort, JTS 10, 1909, 567ff [κόφινος, σφυρίς, σαργάνη]).—MSchnebel, D. Landwirtsch. im hellenist. Ägypt. I 1925, 280f. DELG. M-M. Spicq. -
11 υἱός
υἱός, οῦ, ὁ (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.) prim. ‘son’① a male who is in a kinship relationship either biologically or by legal action, son, offspring, descendantⓐ the direct male issue of a person, son τέξεται υἱόν Mt 1:21; GJs 14:2 (cp. Mel., P. 8, 53 ὡς γὰρ υἱὸς τεχθείς). Cp. Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14) and 25; 10:37 (w. θυγάτηρ); Mk 12:6a; Lk 1:13, 31, 57; 11:11; 15:11 (on this JEngel, Die Parabel v. Verlorenen Sohn: ThGl 18, 1926, 54–64; MFrost, The Prodigal Son: Exp. 9th ser., 2, 1924, 56–60; EBuonaiuti, Religio 11, ’35, 398–402); Ac 7:29; Ro 9:9 (cp. Gen 18:10); Gal 4:22 al. W. gen. Mt 7:9; 20:20f; 21:37ab; Mk 6:3; 9:17; Lk 3:2; 4:22; 15:19; J 9:19f; Ac 13:21; 16:1; 23:16; Gal 4:30abc (Gen 21:10abc); Js 2:21; AcPlCor 2:29. Also ἐγὼ Φαρισαῖός εἰμι υἱὸς Φαρισαίων Ac 23:6 is prob. a ref. to direct descent. μονογενὴς υἱός (s. μονογενής 1) Lk 7:12. ὁ υἱὸς ὁ πρωτότοκος (πρωτότοκος 1) 2:7.ⓑ the immediate male offspring of an animal (Ps 28:1 υἱοὺς κριῶν; Sir 38:25. So Lat. filius: Columella 6, 37, 4) in our lit. only as foal ἐπὶ πῶλον υἱὸν ὑποζυγίου Mt 21:5 (cp. Zech 9:9 πῶλον νέον).ⓒ human offspring in an extended line of descent, descendant, son Ἰωσὴφ υἱὸς Δαυίδ Mt 1:20 (cp. Jos., Ant. 11, 73); s. 2dα below. υἱοὶ Ἰσραήλ (Ἰσραήλ 1) Mt 27:9; Lk 1:16; Ac 5:21; 7:23, 37; 9:15; 10:36; Ro 9:27; 2 Cor 3:7, 13; Hb 11:22 al.; AcPlCor 2:32. οἱ υἱοὶ Λευί (Num 26:57) Hb 7:5. υἱὸς Ἀβραάμ Lk 19:9. υἱοὶ Ἀδάμ 1 Cl 29:2 (Dt 32:8). υἱοι Ῥουβήλ GJs 6:3.ⓓ one who is accepted or legally adopted as a son (Herodian 5, 7, 1; 4; 5; Jos, Ant. 2, 263; 20, 150) Ac 7:21 (cp. Ex 2:10).—J 19:26.② a pers. related or closely associated as if by ties of sonship, son, transf. sense of 1ⓐ of a pupil, follower, or one who is otherw. a spiritual son (SIG 1169, 12 οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ θεοῦ=the pupils and helpers [40] of Asclepius; sim. Maximus Tyr. 4, 2c; Just., D. 86, 6 οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν προφητῶν.—Some combination w. παῖδες is the favorite designation for those who are heirs of guild-secrets or who are to perpetuate a skill of some kind: Pla., Rep. 3, 407e, Leg. 6, 769b; Dionys. Hal., Comp. Verbi 22 p. 102, 4 Us./Rdm. ῥητόρων παῖδες; Lucian, Anach. 19, Dial. Mort. 11, 1 Χαλδαίων π.=dream-interpreters, Dips. 5 ἱατρῶν π., Amor. 49; Himerius, Or. 48 [=Or. 14], 13 σοφῶν π.): the ‘sons’ of the Pharisees Mt 12:27; Lk 11:19. Peter says Μᾶρκος ὁ υἱός μου 1 Pt 5:13 (perh. w. a component of endearment; s. Μᾶρκος). As a familiar form of address by a cherished mentor Hb 12:5 (Pr 3:11; ParJer 5:28; 7:24). υἱοὶ καὶ θυγατέρες B 1:1.ⓑ of the individual members of a large and coherent group (cp. the υἷες Ἀχαιῶν in Homer; also PsSol 2:3 οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰερουσαλήμ; Dio Chrys. 71 [21], 15; LXX) οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ λαοῦ μου 1 Cl 8:3 (scripture quot. of unknown origin). υἱοὶ γένους Ἀβραάμ Ac 13:26. οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων (Gen 11:5; Ps 11:2, 9; 44:3; TestLevi 3:10; TestZeb 9:7; GrBar 2:4) the sons of men=humans (cp. dγ below) Mk 3:28; Eph 3:5; 1 Cl 61:2 (of the earthly rulers in contrast to the heavenly king).ⓒ of one whose identity is defined in terms of a relationship with a person or thingα. of those who are bound to a personality by close, non-material ties; it is this personality that has promoted the relationship and given it its character: son(s) of: those who believe are υἱοὶ Ἀβραάμ, because Abr. was the first whose relationship to God was based on faith Gal 3:7. In a special sense the devout, believers, are sons of God, i.e., in the light of the social context, people of special status and privilege (cp. PsSol 17:27; Just., D, 124, 1; Dio Chrys. 58 [75], 8 ὁ τοῦ Διὸς ὄντως υἱός; Epict. 1, 9, 6; 1, 3, 2; 1, 19, 9; Sextus 58; 60; 135; 376a; Dt 14:1; Ps 28:1; 72:15; Is 43:6 [w. θυγατέρες μου]; 45:11; Wsd 2:18; 5:5; 12:21 al.; Jdth 9:4, 13; Esth 8:12q; 3 Macc 6:28; SibOr 3, 702) Mt 5:45; Lk 6:35; Ro 8:14, 19 (‘Redeemer figures’ EFuchs, Die Freiheit des Glaubens, ’49, 108; against him EHommel in ThViat 4, ’52, 118, n. 26); 9:26 (Hos 2:1); 2 Cor 6:18 (w. θυγατέρες, s. Is 43:6 cited above); Gal 3:26 (cp. PsSol 17:27); 4:6a, 7ab (here the υἱός is the κληρονόμος and his opposite is the δοῦλος); Hb 2:10 (JKögel, Der Sohn u. die Söhne: Eine exeget. Studie zu Hb 2:5–18, 1904); 12:5–8 (in vs. 8 opp. νόθος, q.v.); Rv 21:7; 2 Cl 1:4; B 4:9. Corresp. there are sons of the devil (on this subj. cp. Hdb. on J 8:44) υἱὲ διαβόλου Ac 13:10. οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ πονηροῦ (masc.) Mt 13:38b. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἐν Ἅιδου ApcPt Rainer. In υἱοί ἐστε τῶν φονευσάντων τοὺς προφήτας Mt 23:31 this mng. is prob. to be combined w. sense 1c. The expr. υἱοὶ θεοῦ Mt 5:9 looks to the future (s. Betz, SM ad loc.; cp. KKöhler, StKr 91, 1918, 189f). Lk 20:36a signifies a status akin to that of angels (Ps 88:7; θεῶν παῖδες as heavenly beings: Maximus Tyr. 11, 5a; 12a; 13, 6a.—Hierocles 3, 424 the ἄγγελοι are called θεῶν παῖδες; HWindisch, Friedensbringer-Gottessöhne: ZNW 24, 1925, 240–60, discounts connection w. angels and contends for the elevation of the ordinary followers of Jesus to the status of Alexander the Great in his role as an εἰρηνηποιός [cp. Plut., Mor. 329c]; for measured critique of this view s. Betz, SM 137–42.).β. υἱός w. gen. of thing, to denote one who shares in it or who is worthy of it, or who stands in some other close relation to it, oft. made clear by the context; this constr. is prob. a Hebraism in the main, but would not appear barbaric (B-D-F §162, 6; Mlt-H. 441; Dssm., B p. 162–66 [BS 161–66]; PASA II 1884, no. 2 υἱὸς πόλεως [time of Nero; on this type of formulation SEG XXXIX, 1864]; IMagnMai 167, 5; 156, 12) οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου (αἰών 2a) Lk 16:8a (opp. οἱ υἱοί τοῦ φωτός vs. 8b); 20:34. τῆς ἀναστάσεως υἱοί (to Mediterranean publics the functional equivalent of ἀθάνατοι ‘immortals’; cp. ἀνάστασις 2b) 20:36b. υἱοὶ τῆς ἀνομίας (ἀνομία 1; cp. CD 6:15) Hv 3, 6, 1; ApcPt 1:3; τῆς ἀπειθείας (s. ἀπείθεια) Eph 2:2; 5:6; Col 3:6; τῆς ἀπωλείας ApcPt 1:2. ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας of Judas the informer J 17:12 (cp. similar expressions in Eur., Hec. 425; Menand., Dyscolus 88f: s. FDanker, NTS 7, ’60/61, 94), of the end-time adversary 2 Th 2:3. υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας (βασιλεία 1bη; s. SEG XXXIX, 1864 for related expressions) Mt 8:12; 13:38a. υἱοὶ βροντῆς Mk 3:17 (s. Βοανηργές). υἱὸς γεέννης (s. γέεννα) Mt 23:15; τ. διαθήκης (PsSol 17:15) Ac 3:25; εἰρήνης Lk 10:6. υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος (s. νυμφών) Mt 9:15; Mk 2:19; Lk 5:34. υἱὸς παρακλήσεως Ac 4:36 (s. Βαρναβᾶς). υἱοὶ (τοῦ) φωτός (Hippol., Ref. 6, 47, 4 in gnostic speculation) Lk 16:8b (opp. υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου); J 12:36. υἱοὶ φωτός ἐστε καὶ υἱοὶ ἡμέρας 1 Th 5:5 (EBuonaiuti, ‘Figli del giorno e della luce’ [1 Th 5:5]: Rivista storico-critica delle Scienze teol. 6, 1910, 89–93).ⓓ in various combinations as a designation of the Messiah and a self-designation of Jesusα. υἱὸς Δαυίδ son of David of the Messiah (PsSol 17:21) Mt 22:42–45; Mk 12:35–37; Lk 20:41–44; B 12:10c. Specif. of Jesus as Messiah Mt 1:1a; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30f; 21:9, 15; Mk 10:47f; Lk 18:38f.—WWrede, Jesus als Davidssohn: Vorträge u. Studien 1907, 147–77; WBousset, Kyrios Christos2 1921, 4, Rel.3 226f; ELohmeyer, Gottesknecht u. Davidssohn ’45, esp. 68; 72; 77; 84; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 251–56; WMichaelis, Die Davidsohnschaft Jesu usw., in D. histor. Jesus u. d. kerygm. Christus, ed. Ristow and Matthiae, ’61, 317–30; LFisher, ECColwell Festschr. ’68, 82–97.β. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, υἱὸς θεοῦ (the) Son of God (for the phrase s. JosAs 6:2 al. Ἰωσὴφ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ; there is no undisputed evidence of usage as messianic title in pre-Christian Judaism [s. Dalman, Worte 219–24, Eng. tr. 268–89; Bousset, Kyrios Christos2 53f; EHuntress, ‘Son of God’ in Jewish Writings Prior to the Christian Era: JBL 54, ’35, 117–23]; cp. 4Q 246 col. 2, 1 [JFitzmyer, A Wandering Aramean ’79, 90–93; JCollins, BRev IX/3, ’93, 34–38, 57]. Among polytheists on the other hand, sons of the gods in a special sense [s. Just., A I, 21, 1f] are not only known to myth and legend, but definite historical personalities are also designated as such. Among them are famous wise men such as Pythagoras and Plato [HUsener, Das Weihnachtsfest2 1911, 71ff], and deified rulers, above all the Roman emperors since the time of Augustus [oft. in ins and pap: Dssm., B 166f=BS 166f, LO 294f=LAE 346f; Thieme 33]. According to Memnon [I B.C./ I A.D.]: 434 Fgm. 1, 1, 1 Jac., Clearchus [IV B.C.] carried his boasting so far as Διὸς υἱὸν ἑαυτὸν ἀνειπεῖν. Also, persons who were active at that time as prophets and wonder-workers laid claim to the title υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, e.g. the Samaritan Dositheus in Origen, C. Cels. 6, 11; sim. an Indian wise man who calls himself Διὸς υἱός Arrian, Anab. 7, 2, 3; cp. Did., Gen. 213, 18 ὁ Ἀβρὰμ υἱὸς θεοῦ διὰ δικαιοσύνην. S. GWetter, ‘Der Sohn Gottes’ 1916; Hdb. exc. on J 1:34; s. also Clemen2 76ff; ENorden, Die Geburt des Kindes 1924, 75; 91f; 132; 156f; EKlostermann, Hdb. exc. on Mk 1:11 [4th ed. ’50]; M-JLagrange, Les origines du dogme paulinien de la divinité de Christ: RB 45, ’36, 5–33; HPreisker, Ntl. Zeitgesch. ’37, 187–208; HBraun, ZTK 54, ’57, 353–64; ANock, ‘Son of God’ in Paul. and Hellen. Thought: Gnomon 33, ’61, 581–90 [=Essays on Religion and the Anc. World II, ’72, 928–39]—originality in Paul’s thought): Ps 2:7 is applied to Jesus υἱός μου εἶ σύ, ἐγὼ σήμερον γεγέννηκά σε Lk 3:22 D; GEb 18, 37.—Ac 13:33; Hb 1:5a; 5:5; 1 Cl 36:4. Likew. Hos 11:1 (w. significant changes): Mt 2:15, and 2 Km 7:14: Hb 1:5b. The voice of God calls him ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός (s. ἀγαπητός 1) at his baptism Mt 3:17; Mk 1:11; Lk 3:22; GEb 18, 37 and 39 and at the Transfiguration Mt 17:5; Mk 9:7; Lk 9:35 (here ἐκλελεγμένος instead of ἀγαπ.); 2 Pt 1:17. Cp. J 1:34. The angel at the Annunciation uses these expressions in referring to him: υἱὸς ὑψίστου Lk 1:32; GJs 11:3 and υἱὸς θεοῦ Lk 1:35 (Ar. 15, 1 ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ὑψίστου. Cp. Just., A I, 23, 2 μόνος ἰδίως υἱὸς τῷ θεῷ γεγέννηται). The centurion refers to him at the crucifixion as υἱὸς θεοῦ Mt 27:54; Mk 15:39; GPt 11:45; cp. vs. 46 (CMann, ET 20, 1909, 563f; JPobee, The Cry of the Centurion, A Cry of Defeat: CFDMoule Festschr. ’70, 91–102; EJohnson, JSNT 31, ’87, 3–22 [an indefinite affirmation of Jesus]). The high priest asks εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Mt 26:63 (DCatchpole, NTS 17, ’71, 213–26). Passers-by ask him to show that he is God’s Son 27:40; sim. the devil 4:3, 6; Lk 4:3, 9. On the other hand, evil spirits address him as the Son of God Mt 8:29; Mk 3:11; 5:7; Lk 4:41; 8:28; and disciples testify that he is Mt 14:33; 16:16. S. also Mk 1:1 (s. SLegg, Ev. Sec. Marc. ’35).—Jesus also refers to himself as Son of God, though rarely apart fr. the Fourth Gosp.: Mt 28:19 (the Risen Lord in the trinitarian baptismal formula); Mt 21:37f=Mk 12:6 (an allusion in the parable of the vinedressers).—Mt 27:43; Mk 13:32; Rv 2:18. The main pass. is the so-called Johannine verse in the synoptics Mt 11:27=Lk 10:22 (s. PSchmiedel, PM 4, 1900,1–22; FBurkitt, JTS 12, 1911, 296f; HSchumacher, Die Selbstoffenbarung Jesu bei Mt 11:27 [Lk 10:22] 1912 [lit.]; Norden, Agn. Th. 277–308; JWeiss, Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 120–29, Urchristentum 1917, 87ff; Bousset, Kyrios Christos2 1921, 45ff; EMeyer I 280ff; RBultmann, Gesch. d. synopt. Trad.2 ’31, 171f; MDibelius, Die Formgeschichte des Evangeliums2 ’33, 259; MRist, Is Mt 11:25–30 a Primitive Baptismal Hymn? JR 15, ’35, 63–77; TArvedson, D. Mysterium Christi: E. Studie zu Mt 11:25–30, ’37; WDavies, ‘Knowledge’ in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Mt 11:25–30, HTR 45, ’53, 113–39; WGrundmann, Sohn Gottes, ZNW 47, ’56, 113–33; JBieneck, Sohn Gottes als Christusbez. der Synopt. ’51; PWinter, Mt 11:27 and Lk 10:22: NovT 1, ’56, 112–48; JJocz, Judaica 13, ’57, 129–42; OMichel/OBetz, Von Gott Gezeugt, Beih. ZNW [Jeremias Festschr.] 26, ’60, 3–23 [Qumran]).—Apart fr. the synoptics, testimony to Jesus as the Son of God is found in many parts of our lit. Oft. in Paul: Ro 1:3, 4, 9; 5:10; 8:3, 29, 32; 1 Cor 1:9; 15:28; 2 Cor 1:19; Gal 1:16; 2:20; 4:4; Eph 4:13; Col 1:13; 1 Th 1:10. Cp. Ac 9:20. In Hb: 1:2, 8; 4:14; 5:8; 6:6; 7:3, 28; 10:29. In greatest frequency in John (cp. Herm. Wr. 1, 6 the Λόγος as υἱὸς θεοῦ. Likew. Philo, Agr. 51 πρωτόγονος υἱός, Conf. Lingu. 146 υἱὸς θεοῦ.—Theoph. Ant. 2, 1 [p. 154, 12] ὁ λόγος ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ, ὅς ἐστιν καὶ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ; Iren. 3, 12, 2 [Harv. II 55, 2]): J 1:49; 3:16–18 (s. μονογενής 2), 35f; 5:19–26; 6:40; 8:35f; 10:36; 11:4, 27; 14:13; 17:1; 19:7; 20:31; 1J 1:3, 7; 2:22–24; 3:8, 23; 4:9f, 14f; 5:5, 9–13, 20; 2J 3, 9.—B 5:9, 11; 7:2, 9; 12:8; 15:5; Dg 7:4; 9:2, 4; 10:2 (τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν μονογενῆ; also ApcEsdr 6:16 p. 31, 22 Tdf.; ApcSed 9:1f); IMg 8:2; ISm 1:1; MPol 17:3; Hv 2, 2, 8; Hs 5, 2, 6 (ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ὁ ἀγαπητός); 8; 11; 5, 4, 1; 5, 5, 2; 3; 5; 5, 6, 1; 2; 4; 7 (on the Christology of the Shepherd s. Dibelius, Hdb. on Hs 5, also ALink and JvWalter [πνεῦμα 5cα]); Hs 8, 3, 2; 8, 11, 1. Cp. 9, 1, 1; 9, 12, 1ff.—In trinitarian formulas, in addition to Mt 28:19, also IMg 13:1; EpilMosq 5; D 7:1, 3.—The deceiver of the world appears w. signs and wonders ὡς υἱὸς θεοῦ D 16:4 (ApcEsdr 4:27 p. 28, 32 Tdf. ὁ λέγων• Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ [of Antichrist]).—EKühl, Das Selbstbewusstsein Jesu 1907, 16–44; GVos, The Self-disclosure of Jesus 1926.—EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 404–17; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 211–36; MHengel, The Son of God (tr. JBowden) ’76; DJones, The Title υἱὸς θεοῦ in Acts: SBLSP 24, ’85, 451–63.γ. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου lit. ‘the son of the man’ (the pl. form οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων appears freq. in the LXX to render בְּנֵי אָדָם = mortals, e.g. Gen 11:5; Ps 10:4; 11:2; cp. ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπολείας J 17:12 [s. 2cβ]) ‘the human being, the human one, the man’ in our lit. only as a byname in ref. to Jesus and in an exclusive sense the Human One, the Human Being, one intimately linked with humanity in its primary aspect of fragility yet transcending it, traditionally rendered ‘the Son of Man.’ The term is found predom. in the gospels, where it occurs in the synoptics about 70 times (about half as oft. if parallels are excluded), and in J 12 times (s. EKlostermann, Hdb. exc. on Mk 8:31). In every case the title is applied by Jesus to himself. Nowhere within a saying or narrative about him is it found in an address to him: Mt 8:20; 9:6; 10:23; 11:19; 12:8, 32, 40; 13:37, 41; 16:13, 27f; 17:9, 12, 22; 18:10 [11] v.l.; 19:28; 20:18, 28; 24:27, 30, 37, 39, 44; 25:13 v.l., 31; 26:2, 24ab, 45, 64; Mk 2:10, 28; 8:31, 38; 9:9, 12, 31; 10:33, 45; 13:26; 14:21ab, 41, 62; Lk 5:24; 6:5, 22; 7:34; 9:22, 26, 44, 56 v.l., 58; 11:30; 12:8, 10, 40; 17:22, 24, 26, 30; 18:8, 31; 19:10; 21:27, 36; 22:22, 48, 69; 24:7.—John (FGrosheide, Υἱὸς τ. ἀνθρ. in het Evang. naar Joh.: TSt 35, 1917, 242–48; HDieckmann, D. Sohn des Menschen im J: Scholastik 2, 1927, 229–47; HWindisch, ZNW 30, ’31, 215–33; 31, ’32, 199–204; WMichaelis, TLZ 85, ’60, 561–78 [Jesus’ earthly presence]) 1:51; 3:13, 14; 5:27 (BVawter, Ezekiel and John, CBQ 26, ’64, 450–58); 6:27, 53, 62; 8:28; 9:35; 12:23, 34; 13:31. Whether the component of fragility (suggested by OT usage in ref. to the brief span of human life and the ills to which it falls heir) or high status (suggested by traditions that appear dependent on Da 7:13, which refers to one ‘like a human being’), or a blend of the two dominates a specific occurrence can be determined only by careful exegesis that in addition to extra-biblical traditions takes account of the total literary structure of the document in which it occurs. Much neglected in the discussion is the probability of prophetic association suggested by the form of address Ezk 2:1 al. (like the OT prophet [Ezk 3:4–11] Jesus encounters resistance).—On Israelite thought contemporary w. Jesus and alleged knowledge of a heavenly being looked upon as a ‘Son of Man’ or ‘Man’, who exercises Messianic functions such as judging the world (metaph., pictorial passages in En 46–48; 4 Esdr 13:3, 51f) s. Bousset, Rel.3 352–55; NMessel, D. Menschensohn in d. Bilderreden d. Hen. 1922; ESjöberg, Kenna 1 Henok och 4 Esra tanken på den lidande Människosonen? Sv. Ex. Årsb. 5, ’40, 163–83, D. Menschensohn im äth. Hen. ’46. This view is in some way connected w. Da 7:13; acc. to some it derives its real content fr. an eschatological tradition that ultimately goes back to Iran (WBousset, Hauptprobleme der Gnosis 1907, 160–223; Reitzenstein, Erlösungsmyst. 119ff, ZNW 20, 1921, 18–22, Mysterienrel.3 418ff; Clemen2 72ff; CKraeling, Anthropos and Son of Man: A Study in the Religious Syncretism of the Hellenistic Orient 1927); acc. to this tradition the First Man was deified; he will return in the last times and usher in the Kingdom of God.—Outside the gospels: Ac 7:56 (v.l. τοῦ θεοῦ; GKilpatrick, TZ 21, ’65, 209); Rv 1:13; 14:14 (both after Da 7:13; sim. allusion to Da in Just., D. 31, 1). The quot. fr. Ps 8:5 in Hb 2:6 prob. does not belong here, since there is no emphasis laid on υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου. In IEph 20:2 Jesus is described as υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου καὶ υἱὸς θεοῦ. Differently B 12:10 Ἰησοῦς, οὐχὶ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἀλλὰ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Jesus, not a man’s son, but Son of God.—HLietzmann, Der Menschensohn 1896; Dalman, Worte 191–219 (Eng. tr., 234–67); Wlh., Einl.2 123–30; PFiebig, Der Menschensohn 1901; NSchmidt, The Prophet of Nazareth 1905, 94–134, Recent Study of the Term ‘Son of Man’: JBL 45, 1926, 326–49; FTillmann, Der Menschensohn 1907; EKühl, Das Selbstbewusstsein Jesu 1907, 65ff; HHoltzmann, Das messianische Bewusstsein Jesu, 1907, 49–75 (lit.), Ntl. Theologie2 I 1911, 313–35; FBard, D. Sohn d. Menschen 1908; HGottsched, D. Menschensohn 1908; EAbbott, ‘The Son of Man’, etc., 1910; EHertlein, Die Menschensohnfrage im letzten Stadium 1911, ZNW 19, 1920, 46–48; JMoffatt, The Theology of the Gospels 1912, 150–63; WBousset, Kyrios Christos2 1921, 5–22 (the titles of the works by Wernle and Althaus opposing his first edition [1913], as well as Bousset’s answer, are found s.v. κύριος, end); DVölter, Jesus der Menschensohn 1914, Die Menschensohnfrage neu untersucht 1916; FSchulthess, ZNW 21, 1922, 247–50; Rtzst., Herr der Grösse 1919 (see also the works by the same author referred to above in this entry); EMeyer II 335ff; HGressmann, ZKG n.s. 4, 1922, 170ff, D. Messias 1929, 341ff; GDupont, Le Fils d’Homme 1924; APeake, The Messiah and the Son of Man 1924; MWagner, Der Menschensohn: NKZ 36, 1925, 245–78; Guillaume Baldensperger, Le Fils d’Homme: RHPR 5, 1925, 262–73; WBleibtreu, Jesu Selbstbez. als der Menschensohn: StKr 98/99, 1926, 164–211; AvGall, Βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ 1926; OProcksch, D. Menschensohn als Gottessohn: Christentum u. Wissensch. 3, 1927, 425–43; 473–81; CMontefiore, The Synoptic Gospels2 1927 I 64–80; ROtto, Reich Gottes u. Menschensohn ’34, Eng. tr. The Kgdm. of God and the Son of Man, tr. Filson and Woolf2 ’43; EWechssler, Hellas im Ev. ’36, 332ff; PParker, The Mng. of ‘Son of Man’: JBL 60, ’41, 151–57; HSharman, Son of Man and Kingdom of God ’43; JCampbell, The Origin and Mng. of the Term Son of Man: JTS 48, ’47, 145–55; HRiesenfeld, Jésus Transfiguré ’47, 307–13 (survey and lit.); TManson, ConNeot 11, ’47, 138–46 (Son of Man=Jesus and his disciples in Mk 2:27f); GDuncan, Jesus, Son of Man ’47, 135–53 (survey); JBowman, ET 59, ’47/48, 283–88 (background); MBlack, ET 60, ’48f, 11–15; 32–36; GKnight, Fr. Moses to Paul ’49, 163–72 (survey); TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 237–50; TManson (Da, En and gospels), BJRL 32, ’50, 171–93; TPreiss, Le Fils d’Homme: ÉThR 26/3, ’51, Life in Christ, ’54, 43–60; SMowinckel, He That Cometh, tr. Anderson, ’54, 346–450; GIber, Überlieferungsgesch. Unters. z. Begriff des Menschensohnes im NT, diss. Heidelb. ’53; ESjöberg, D. verborgene Menschensohn in den Ev. ’55; WGrundmann, ZNW 47, ’56, 113–33; HRiesenfeld, The Mythological Backgrd. of NT Christology, CHDodd Festschr. ’56, 81–95; PhVielhauer, Gottesreich u. Menschensohn in d. Verk. Jesu, GDehn Festschr. ’57, 51–79; ESidebottom, The Son of Man in J, ET 68, ’57, 231–35; 280–83; AHiggins, Son of Man- Forschung since (Manson’s) ‘The Teaching of Jesus’: NT Essays (TW Manson memorial vol.) ’59, 119–35; HTödt, D. Menschensohn in d. synopt. Überl. ’59 (tr. Barton ’65); JMuilenburg, JBL 79, ’60, 197–209 (Da, En); ESchweizer, JBL 79, ’60, 119–29 and NTS 9, ’63, 256–61; BvIersel, ‘Der Sohn’ in den synopt. Jesusworten, ’61 (community?); MBlack, BJRL 45, ’63, 305–18; FBorsch, ATR 45, ’63, 174–90; AHiggins, Jesus and the Son of Man, ’64; RFormesyn, NovT 8, ’66, 1–35 (barnasha=‘I’); SSandmel, HSilver Festschr. ’63, 355–67; JJeremias, Die älteste Schicht der Menschensohn-Logien, ZNW 58, ’67, 159–72; GVermes, MBlack, Aram. Approach3, ’67, 310–30; BLindars, The New Look on the Son of Man: BJRL 63, ’81, 437–62; WWalker, The Son of Man, Some Recent Developments CBQ 45, ’83, 584–607; JDonahue, Recent Studies on the Origin of ‘Son of Man’ in the Gospels, CBQ 48, ’86, 584–607; DBurkitt, The Nontitular Son of Man, A History and Critique: NTS 40, ’94 504–21 (lit.); JEllington, BT 40, ’89, 201–8; RGordon, Anthropos: 108–13.—B. 105; DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.
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