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21 πρᾶγμα
πρᾶγμα, ατος, τό, [dialect] Ion. [full] πρῆχμα Schwyzer 688 B16, C5 (Chios, v B. C.), GDI5598.4 ([place name] Ephesus); also [full] πρῆγμα Hdt.5.33, al., but Hdt. perh. wrote [full] πρῆχμα, which is v. l. in 1.133 ap.Ath.4.144a (cod. A), and in 3.49,57 (POxy.1619.326, 379); cf. πρήχματος οὐχ ὁσίου imitated from Hdt. in Epigr.Gr.1092 ([place name] Erechtheum): ([etym.] πράσσω):—A deed, act, the concrete of πρᾶξις, but freq. approaching to the abstract sense, Thgn.116, al.; opp. λόγοι, D.2.12, etc.;πραγμάτων ὀρθὰν ὁδόν Pi.O. 7.46
; γυναίου π. ἐποίει did the act of a woman, D.25.57, cf. 18.24, etc.II occurrence, matter, affair,πᾶσαν τελευτὰν πράγματος Pi.O. 13.75
, cf. P.4.278;τί τοῦδε σοὶ μέτεστι π. λέγε A.Eu. 575
, cf. 584;π. τοιόνδε συνηνείχθη γενέσθαι Hdt.5.33
, cf. 9.92, Th.2.64;ἐς μέσον σφι προετίθεε τὸ π. Hdt.1.206
;τί δ' εἰδὼς τοῦδε π. πέρι; S.Aj. 747
codd.;τὸ π. εἰς ὑπέρδεινόν μοι περιέστη D.21.111
; ὁρᾶτε τὸ π., οἷ προελήλυθε κτλ., Id.4.9, cf. 8.7.2 thing, concrete reality,ἆρ' ἔστιν αὔλησίς τι π.; Epich.171.1
; opp. ὄνομα, Pl.Cra. 391b, 436a, And.4.27;δύο π... τοιάδε, οἷον Κρατύλος καὶ Κρατύλου εἰκών Pl.Cra. 432b
; ὡς ἀργαλέον π. ἐστίν c. inf., Ar.Pl.1;οὐδὲ π. οὐθέν ἐστι παρὰ τὰ μεγέθη.. τὰ αἰσθητὰ κεχωρισμένον Arist. de An. 432a3
, cf. Mete. 379a32, Ph. 226b30, 227b28;διαμάχονται περὶ τοῦ λευκὸν ἢ μὴ λευκὸν εἶναι τὸ π. Plu.2.1109d
, cf. 1112d;ἐξ ἀζωΐας καὶ ζωῆς συγκείμενον π. Porph.Sent.21
: pl.,τῶν π. ἀΐδιος ἔσσα Philol.6
, cf. Democr.164, Arist.Xen. 974a25, Pol. 1252a24;τὰ μετέωρα π. Ar.Nu. 228
, cf. 250, 741; opp. ὀνόματα, Pl.Cra. 39oe, D.9.15.b contemptuously, thing, creature, κακῷ πράγματι wretched creature, viz. the sophist, Pl.Prt. 312c; τούτῳ τῷ π., viz. the demos, Id.Grg. 520b;ὁ δῆμος ἀσταθμητότατον π. D.19.136
; ἄμαχον π., of a woman, X. Cyr.6.1.36.3 like πρᾶξις 1.2,ὄφελος 1
, in Hdt., πρῆγμά ἐστι or ἐστί μοι, c. inf., it is advantageous for me,εὕρισκε π. οἱ εἶναι ἐλαύνειν 1.79
, cf. 4.11: with a neg.,εὕρισκέ οἱ οὐ π. εἶναι στρατεύεσθαι Id.7.12
: also c. acc. et inf., οὐδὲν ἂν εἴη π. γνώμας ἐμὲ σοὶ ἀποφαίνεσθαι there will be no advantage or need, Id.1.207; π. ἂν ἦν μοῦνον the only thing needful, Id.7.130.4 thing of consequence or importance, π. ποιήσασθαι [τι] ib. 150;π. οὐδὲν ἐποιήσαντο Id.6.63
; οὐδὲν π., ὦ Σώκρατες no matter, S., Pl.Grg. 447b, cf. E.Med. 451;ὡς.. οὐδὲν ὂν π., εἰ καὶ ἀποθάνοι Pl.Euthphr.4d
; δῆλον ἦν ὅτι π. τι εἴη that there was something the matter, X.An.4.1.17.b π. ἐστί μοι it concerns me, σφίσι τε καὶ Ἀθηναίοισι εἶναι οὐδὲν π. they had nothing to do with the A., Hdt.5.84, cf. D.18.283; ᾧ μὴ π. μὴ εἰσίναι no admittance except on business, Sammelb.6152.22 (i B. C.): c. gen. rei, οἷς μηδὲν ἦν π. τοῦ πολέμου who were not concerned in the war, Plu.Pomp.65; τὸ σὸν τί ἐστι π.; what is your pursuit or business, what are you about? Pl. Ap. 20c, cf. Alc.1.104d.c μέγα π. a man of consequence, D.35.15;τὸ μέγα π. ἐν τῇ πόλει Men.Sam. 175
; ἦν μέγιστον π. Δημοκήδης παρὰ βασιλέϊ he was made much of by the king, Hdt.3.132; π. μέγα φρέατος a fine large tank, Alex.179.5 used of a battle, action, affair,ὡς οἱ σωθέντες ἐκ τοῦ π. ἀπέφυγον X.HG7.1.17
.7 fact, opp. λόγος, ὄνομα, Arist. Top. 146a3, SE 175a8;πρὸς τὸ π. καὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν Id.Ph. 263a17
: pl.,οὐκ ἐχρῆν τῶν π. τὴν γλῶσσαν ἰσχύειν πλέον E.Hec. 1188
.8 matter in hand, question, Hp.Acut.39;πρὸς τὸ π. Pl.Men. 87a
, Arist.APr. 70a32, D.54.26;διαιρεῖν κατὰ τὸ π. Arist. Pol. 1299b18
; ἔξω τοῦ π., v. ἔξω 1.2b.III in pl., πράγματα,1 circumstances, affairs,τὰ ἀνθρωπήϊα π. Hdt.1.207
;ἐν εἰρήνῃ καὶ ἀγαθοῖς π. Th.3.82
, cf. 1.89; τοῖς π. τέθνηκα τοῖς δ' ἔργοισιν οὔ by circumstances, not by acts, E.Hel. 286;ἐν τοιούτοις π. X.Mem.2.7.2
, An.2.1.16, etc.;δεινὸς πράγμασι χρῆσθαι D.1.3
, cf. X.HG3.5.1;τύχη τὰ θνητῶν πράγματ', οὐκ εὐβουλία Chaerem.2
; ἀποτυγχάνειν τῶν π. fail to prosper, X.Mem.4.2.28; the condition of a patient,τὰ τῶν νοσεύντων π. Hp.Prog.1
(also in sg.,ἐξαπίνης ὅλῳ τῷ π. μεταβάλλειν Id.Acut. 35
; so also poet.,ποῦ ποτ' εἰμὶ πράγματος; S.Tr. 375
, cf.Aj. 314).2 state-affairs,τὰ πολιτικὰ π. Pl.Ap. 31d
; ἔστ' ἐν ἡμῖν τῆς πόλεως τὰ π. the fortunes of the state, Ar.Lys.32; a state or empire, τὰ Περσικὰ π. the Persian power, Hdt.3.137;τὰ Περσέων π. Id.7.50
, etc.;διαπεπόρθηται τὰ Περσῶν π. A.Pers. 714
;ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων τὰ π. ἐγένετο Th.1.74
;μὴ ὥσπερ θεῷ νομίζετ' ἐκείνῳ τὰ παρόντα πεπηγέναι π. ἀθάνατα D.4.8
, cf. 44, etc.;παρασπάσασθαί τι τῶν ὅλων π. Id.1.3
; of government,καταλαμβάνειν τὰ π. Hdt.6.39
, cf. Th.3.30 ([voice] Pass.); ἔχειν τὰ π. ib.62,72, cf. Hdt.6.83;κατέχειν τὰ π. Th.4.2
;ἐς μέσον Πέρσῃσι καταθεῖναι τὰ π. Hdt.3.80
; οἱ ἐν τοῖς π. those who are in power or office, Th.3.28, D.9.56, Arist.Pol. 1307b10;οἱ ἐπὶ τοῖς π. ὄντες D.9.2
;οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν π. Id.18.247
, cf. Plb.3.69.4, LXX 1 Ma.3.32; [full] ἐντυραννίδι καὶ πλούτῳ καὶ πράγμασι Plu.2.150c
; τριῶν ἀνδρῶν δημοσίων π. ἀποκαταστάσεως, = Lat. triumvir reipublicae constituendae, Sammelb. 4224.2 (i B. C.);κοινωνοὶ τῶν π. X.HG2.3.17
;νεώτερα π.
innovations,Lys.
13.6, Isoc.7.59, etc., cf. Hdt.5.19; but εὐνούστατος τοῖς π. a friend to things as they are, Lys.12.65.3 fortunes, cause, circumstances, Hdt.7.236, 237;κοινὰ π. E.IT 1062
;τέρας γὰρ ὁ βίος καὶ τὰ π. ἐστί μου Id.Hel. 260
;ἔρρει τἀμὰ π. X.Smp.1.15
, cf. E.Alc. 280: τὰ π. alone, one's all, one's fortunes,ἐν ᾧπέρ ἐστι πάντα μοι τὰ π. Ar.Ach. 474
; = κτήματα, Hp. ( Lex5?) ap.Erot.: in sg.,φαῦλον γὰρ ἂν εἴη τὸ ἐμὸν π. Pl.Hp.Ma. 286e
, cf. Cri. 53d, Ap. 42a.4 business, esp. lawbusiness, , Th.1.128;οὔτε ἐμαυτοῦ οὔτε ἀλλότρια π. πράξας Lys.12.3
; ;πράγματα κἀντιγραφάς Id.Nu. 471
: metaph. in sg., πονηρὸν τὸ π. ἔχειν to have a bad case, Arist.Rh. 1415b22.5 in bad sense, trouble, annoyance,ἁπάντων αἰτίους τῶν π. Ar.Ach. 310
; πρήγματα ἔχειν, c. part., to have trouble about a thing, Hdt.7.147, cf. Pl.Tht. 174b, etc.;π. ἔχειν ἐν τῷ δείπνῳ X.Cyr.1.3.4
, etc.;π. λαμβάνειν Id.Lac.2.9
; π. παρέχειν τινί to cause one trouble, Hdt.1.155, Ar.Pl.20, al.: c. inf., cause one the trouble of doing, Pl.Phd. 115a, X.Cyr.4.5.46, Ar.V. 313;πραγμάτων.. ἀπαλλαγείς Id.Ach. 269
(lyr.), cf. Pl.Ap. 41d, R. 406e; ἄνευ πραγμάτων, σὺν πράγμασι, D.1.20, X.An.6.3.6: less freq.in sg.,μηδὲν πρῆγμα παρέχειν Hdt.7.239
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22 ἔμπαλιν
ἔμπᾰλιν, Adv., in Trag. and Prose freq. with Art., [full] τὸ ἔμπαλιν or [full] τοὔμπαλιν, [full] τὰ ἔμπαλιν (as always in Hdt.) or [full] τἄμπαλιν:—A backwards, back,κατὰ δ' ἔ. αὐτὸς ἔβαινε h.Merc.78
; ;ἐς τοὔ. δέδορκεν S.Ichn.113
;πρόσωπον ἔ. στρέφοντα E.Hec. 343
;τοὔ. ὑποστρέψαντας X.An.6.6.38
;τὰ ἔ. ἀπαλλάσσεσθαι Hdt.9.26
; ἄπιμεν ἅπαντες τοὔ. X.An.1.4.15, etc.b τὸ ἔ. καὶ ἀνάπαλιν as before and vice versa, Nech. ap. Vett.Val.154.28.II contrariwise, the opposite way, τοὔ. σπεύδειν, κραίνειν, A.Pr. 204, Ag. 1424; ; ἀνατρέπειν ἔ. turn upside down, E.Ba. 348; ἔ. ὑποδεῖσθαι to put on one's shoes contrariwise (i.e. on the wrong feet), Pl.Tht. 193c; ἐκ τοὔ. ἤ .. from the opposite side to.., Th.3.22.2 c. gen., contrary to, τέρψιος, γνώμας ἔ., Pi.O.12.11, P.12.32; τὰ ἔ. πρήσσων τοῦ πεζοῦ doing the opposite thing to the army, Hdt.7.58; τἄ. τῶνδε the reverse of these things, A.Pers. 223; τοὔ. πεσεῖν φρενῶν to be brought to the opposite opinion, E.Hipp. 390;τοὔ. οὗ βούλονται X.Cyr.8.4.32
; folld. by ἤ, Emp.100.20;γνώμην ἔχω τὰ ἔ. ἢ οὗτοι Hdt.1.207
;ἤϊσαν τὰ ἔ. ἢ Λακεδαιμόνιοι Id.9.56
.3 on the contrary, Nic.Th. 288, Ph. 1.264, Porph.Abst.1.44; f.l. for ἔμπολιν in S.OC 637; τοὔ. on the other hand, Epicur.Ep.3p.63U.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἔμπαλιν
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23 αὐτόχειρ
A with one's own hand, creative, A.Supp. 592 (lyr.); αὐ. λούειν, παίειν, κτείνειν, S.Ant. 900, 1315, Aj. 57;τίνες ᾠκοδόμησαν;—ὄρνιθες αὐτόχειρες Ar.Av. 1132
sq., cf. Lys. 269, Theopomp.Com.86, Act.Ap.27.19, etc.: c. gen., very doer, per-petrator of a thing,αὐ. τοῦδε τοῦ τάφου S.Ant. 306
; τῆς ἀσελγείαςταύτης D.21.60
; αὐ. οὔτε τῶν ἀγαθῶν οὔτε τῶν κακῶν men who accomplish neither.., Isoc.5.150.II abs., one who kills himself, suicide, S.Ant. 1175;αὐ. ἑαυτῶν Arist.Fr. 502
; simply, murderer, S.OT 231, D.21.116; αὐτὸν.. νομίζω αὐτόχειρά μου γεγενῆσθαι τούτοις τοῖς ἔργοις ib.106: c. gen.,αὐ. καὶ φονεῖς τῶν πολιτῶν Isoc.4.111
, cf. Men.Sam. 216; in full,τὸν αὐ. τοῦ φόνου S.OT 266
, cf. El. 955, D.18.287.III as Adj., murderous, esp. of murder committed by one's own hand or by kinsmen, αὐ. θάνατος, σφαγή, μοῖρα, E.Ph. 880, Or. 947, Med. 1281 (lyr.); πληγέντες αὐτόχειρι σὺν μιάσματι, of brothers smitten by mutual slaughter, S.Ant. 172; .Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > αὐτόχειρ
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24 ἵκω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `come, reach' (Hom., Pi. Dor. Arc.)Other forms: ἱκάνω (ep.), ἱκνέομαι (Od., almost only with prefix, s. below), aor. ἱκέσθαι, fut. ἵξομαι (Il.) with aor. ἷξε, ἷξον (Schwyzer 788, Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 418f., Leumann Glotta 32, 213), perf. ἷγμαι (Od.).Compounds: Often, in prose almost always with prefix, esp. ἀφ-, ἀπ- (with εἰσ-, συν-αφ-ικνέομαι a. o.), also ἐξ-, ἐφ-, καθ- a. o. (s. Fraenkel Glotta 35, 88ff.)Derivatives: 1. ἵξις ( ἴξις) `passage through, direction' (Hp.), from ἀφικνέομαι etc. ἄφιξις `arrival' (IA), rare ἔφ-, κάθ-, δί-ιξις; 2. ἵκτωρ, ἱκτήρ = ἱκέτης, ἱκέσιος, also προσ-, ἀφ-ίκτωρ `id.', (trag.) with ἱκτήριος (S.); on a semantic differentiation Benveniste Noms d'agent 46; 3. ἱκέτης with ἱκετεύω etc. s. v.; beside it ( προσ-)ἵκτης (hell. poetry); 4. πόθ-ικ-ες pl. `προσήκοντες, relatives' (Tegea Va); 5. ἱκανός `enough' (IA prose), cf. πιθανός a. o. (Chantr. Form. 196f.); s. also ἴκμενος, προίξ.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [893] * seik- reach, grasp (with the hand)'Etymology: Beside the longvowel active thematic root-present ἵ̄κω (orig. perfect? Wackernagel Glotta 14, 56ff.) stands the shortvowel medial thematic root-aorist ἱκέσθαι; shortvowel have also active ἱκά̄νω \< *ἱκ-αν-Ϝω (after φθάνω, κιχάνω, Schwyzer 698 w. n. 3) and medial ἱκνέομαι (Schwyzer 696a, Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 352f.), also ἱκανός and other nominal formations. The full grade occurs in the semantically deviant ἐν-εῖκαι `bring away' (s. v.) (Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 3, 92); beside it stand longvowel forms not only in ἵ̄κω, but also in ἥκω (s. v.). One earlier assumed longdiphthong forms ēi: ī, which is now rejected. - An acceptable connection gives Lith. siékiu, siékti `reach with the hand, swear', at-siékiu `reach with the hand' (Fick GGA 1891, 207), IE seik-, sik- (Bq, Pok. 893); Schmid IF 62, 229 n. 41 recalls Toch. B sik-naṃ, subbj. saikaṃ `set a foot'; the longvowel forms can be morphological reations of Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,719-720Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἵκω
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25 ἐκτείνω
ἐκτείνω fut. ἐκτενῶ; 1 aor. ἐξέτεινα; pf. ἐκτέτακα 1 Km 1:16. Pass.: 1 fut. 3 sg. ἐκταθήσεται Zech 1:16; 1 aor. 3 sg. ἐξετάθη 1 Macc 6:40; pf. ptc. ἐκτεταμένος LXX (τείνω ‘stretch’; Aeschyl., Hdt.+)① to cause an object to extend to its full length in space, stretch out ἐ. ἑαυτό stretch itself out Hv 4, 1, 9. Of nets spread out B 5:4 (Pr 1:17). ἀγκύρας ἐκτείνειν put out or lay out anchors Ac 27:30; s. ἄγκυρα.—Esp. in the expr. ἐ. τὴν χεῖρα (τὰς χεῖρας) hold out or extend the hand(s) (class.; Diod S 13, 15, 1; oft. LXX; JosAs 8:4 al.; Jos., Ant. 8, 233, cp. 13, 14; Just., D. 111, 1) of a man w. a disabled hand: Mt 12:13; Mk 3:5; Lk 6:10. To grasp someth. (Gen 22:10 al.) Mt 26:51; D 4:5; B 19:9. To take hold of someone Mt 14:31. To heal someone (by touch; s. OWeinreich, Antike Heilungswunder 1909, 15ff; 51ff; JBehm, D. Handauflegung 1911, 102ff) Mt 8:3; Mk 1:41; Lk 5:13. W. εἰς to indicate purpose Ac 4:30. ἐ. τὴν χεῖρα lay a hand on someone (Diog. L. 6, 29 τὰς χεῖρας ἐπὶ τοὺς φίλους ἐ.) w. hostile intent (Jer 6:12; 1 Macc 6:25; 12:42; 2 Macc 15:32; cp. Jos., Ant. 7, 327) Lk 22:53. To point at someone Mt 12:49. As a gesture in prayer (1 Esdr 8:70; 4 Macc 4:11; Agatharchides: 86 Fgm. 20, 209 Jac. [in Jos., C. Ap. 1, 209].—Earlier writers would have said ἀνατείνω τὰς χεῖρας: Pind., O. 7, 65; [Ps.-]Plut., Mor. 774b) 1 Cl 2:3; B 12:2. Gesture of a speaker Ac 26:1 (cp. Quintilian 9, 3, 84ff; Apuleius, Metam. 2, 21; KSittl, D. Gebärden d. Griechen u. Römer 1890, 350ff). Of one who is crucified (Epict. 3, 26, 22 ἐκτείνας σεαυτὸν ὡς οἱ ἐσταυρωμένοι; Jos., Ant. 19, 94) J 21:18; B 12:2 (Just., A I, 35, 6 ἐξετάθη τὰς χεῖρας).② to extend in time beyond normal expectation, draw out at length. fig. ext. of 1 λόγους ἐ. (Pla., Leg. 10, 887a ὁ λόγος ἐκταθείς, others sim.) speak at length, be long-winded (Polyb. 12, 26b, 4) 1 Cl 57:4 (Pr 1:24).—M-M. TW. -
26 γράμμα
γράμμα, ατος, τό, [dialect] Dor. [full] γράθμα, prob. in IG4.506 (Heraeum, vi/v B. C.), cf. An.Ox.1.102, but [full] γράσσμα, IG4.554 (Argos, v B. C.): late [dialect] Aeol. pl. [full] γρόππατα, Epigr.Gr.990.11 ([place name] Balbilla): ([etym.] γράφω):—A that which is drawn: pl., lines of a drawing, picture, etc., E. Ion 1146 (of tapestry), Theoc.15.81; picture,Ἀπέλλεω γ. Herod.4.73
, cf. AP 6.352 ([place name] Erinna): sg., drawing, picture, Pl.R. 472d, Cra. 430e, cf. 431c: pl., figures in a picture, Procop.Gaz.Ecphr.p.157B.II written character, letter, Hdt.1.139, 148, etc.: in pl., letters, characters,γραμμάτων τε συνθέσεις A.Pr. 460
;πηλίκοις γ. Ep.Gal.6.11
; the letters, the alphabet, Hdt.5.58;τὰ γ. καὶ τὰς συλλαβάς Pl.Cra. 390e
;γ. Φοινίκια S.Fr. 514
; Ἀσσύρια, Ἑλληνικά, Hdt.4.87;γράμματα ἐπίστασθαι Pl.Lg. 689d
; μαθεῖν to have learnt to read, Id.Prt. 325e;γ. μὴ εἰδέναι SIG2844.6
; ἐδίδασκες γράμματα, ἐγὼ δ' ἐφοίτων you kept school—I went there, D.18.265;ἤτοι τέθνηκεν ἢ διδάσκει γ. Com.Adesp.20
;παιδεύειν γράμματα Arist.Pol. 1337b24
; τέχνη ἡμῶν γ. our profession is that of the scribe, PTeb.316.16 (i A. D.).b articulate sound, letter, Pl.Phlb. 18c;τὰ γ. πάθη ἐστὶ τῆς φωνῆς Arist.Pr. 895a12
; γράμματα φθέγγεσθαι ib.8, cf. PA 660a5.c παρὰ γράμμα λέγοντα.. σκοπεῖν etymologically, Id.MM 1185b39; τὰ παρὰ γ. σκώμματα puns, Id.Rh. 1412a28; but ἀρετὴν παρὰ γ. διώκοντες, with ref. to Νικαρέτη, the mistress of Stilpo, Crates Theb.1.d inscription,τὸ Δελφικὸν γ. Pl.Phdr. 229e
, cf. Chrm. 164d, X.Mem.4.2.24, etc., IG 2.2876, al.: prov.,εἰς πέλαγος.. γράμματα γράψαι Epigr.Gr.1038.8
([place name] Attalia).2 in pl., notes in music, AP11.78 (Lucill.).3 mathematical diagram, Epigr. ap. D.L.8.12.4 letter inscribed on the lots which the δικασταί drew, Ar.Pl. 277, al., Arist.Ath.64.4; practically, = division of dicasts,ἐν ὁποίῳ γ. δειπνεῖ Ar.Ec. 683
; ἁ κατὰ γράμμα φυλακά the roster of guards, SIG569.21 (Cos, iii B. C.).5 a small weight, 1/24 ounce, scruple, Androm. ap. Gal.13.114, Gp.7.13.2, PLips. 62 ii 27 (iv A. D.).III in pl., set of written characters, piece of writing, Hdt.1.124: hence, letter, Id.5.14, IG22.103.8, etc.;γραμμάτων πτυχαί S.Fr. 144
, cf. E.IT 594, al., Pl.Ep. 347c; inscription, epitaph, etc.,ἐκόλαψε ἐς τὸν τάφον γράμματα λέγοντα τάδε Hdt. 1.187
, cf. 4.91, And.3.12, Theoc.18.47, IG3.751.2 papers, documents, Antipho 1.30, D.36.21, etc. (sg., D.Chr.65.14); τούτων τὰ γ. the documents to prove this, Lys.32.14;τὰ γ. τῆς δίκης Ar.Nu. 772
; τὰ δημόσια γ. the public records, Decr. ap. D.18.55; title-deeds, D.C.65.14; account of loans, D.49.59; ; contract or estimate, BCH46.323 ([place name] Teos); catalogue, X.Cyr.7.4.12: in sg., bond, Ev. Luc.16.7; note of hand, J.AJ18.6.3.3 a man's writings, i.e. book, treatise,τὰ τοῦ Ζήνωνος γ. Pl.Prm. 127c
(but sg., ib. 128a): pl., books, X.Mem.4.2.1;Πλάτωνος τὸ περὶ ψυχῆς γ. Call.Epigr.25
, cf. AP9.63 (Asclep.), Gal.18(2).928; τὰ ἱερὰ γ. the Holy Scriptures, OGI56.36 (iii B. C.), Ph.2.574, 2 Ep.Ti.3.15, J.Ap.1.10; ἱερὰ γ., = Imperial rescripts, IG12(5).132 (Paros, iii A. D.); = hieroglyphics, OGI90.54 (Rosetta, ii B. C.): in sg., the Law of Moses, Ep.Rom.2.27, al.; opp. πνεῦμα, ib.29: sg., article of a treaty, Th. 5.29.4 laws or rules, Pl.R. 425b, Plt. 292a, al., Ar.Ec. 1050; κατὰ γράμματα ἄρχειν, opp. ἄνευ γραμμάτων, Pl.Plt. 293a;ἡ κατὰ γ. καὶ νόμους πολιτεία Arist.Pol. 1286a15
, cf. 1272a38: οἱ κατὰ γ. νόμοι, opp. οἱ κατὰ τὰ ἔθη, ib. 1287b5, cf. Pl.Plt. 299d;κατὰ γράμματα ἰατρεύεσθαι Arist.Pol. 1287a34
; ἡ ἐκ τῶν γ. θεραπεία ib.40.IV in pl., also, letters, learning,ἀπείρους γραμμάτων Pl.Ap. 26d
, etc. -
27 κόρση
κόρσ-η, ἡ, [dialect] Att. [full] κόρρη, [dialect] Dor. [full] κόρρα Theoc.14.34, [dialect] Aeol. [full] κόρσα Alc. 34.5:—A temple, side of the forehead (in this sense not in pl., for wh. κρόταφοι is used, but cf. Ruf.Onom.13, Poll.2.40),ξίφει ἤλασε κόρσην Il.5.584
, cf. 13.576;τόν ῥ' Ὀδυσεὺς.. βάλε κόρσην· ἡ δ' ἑτέροιο διὰ κροτάφοιο πέρησεν αἰχμή 4.502
, cf. Call.Dian.78.2 in [dialect] Att., πατάξαι ἐπὶ κόρρης smack on the jaw, Pherecr. 155b ( CAF iii p.716), D.21.147; ὅταν κονδύλοις, ὅταν ἐπὶ κόρρης [τύπτῃ], i.e. with the fist, or with the open hand, ib.72;ἐπὶ κόρρης τύπτειν Pl.Grg. 486c
, 508d, 527a;ῥαπίζειν ἐπὶ κ. Hyp.Fr.97
( ἐρραπίσθη τὴν γνάθον ibid.); πὺξ ἐπὶ κόρρας ἤλασα Theoc.l.c.; laterκατὰ κόρρης πατάσσειν Luc.DMort.20.2
, Gall.30, cf. EM529.39.3 in pl., hair,λευκὰς δὲ κ. τῇδ' ἐπαντέλλειν νόσῳ A.Ch. 282
, cf. Poll.2.32 (perh. the white down in psoriasis): in sg.,ναὶ μὰ τήνδε τὴν τεφρὴν κόρσην Herod.7.71
(unless in signf. 1.4).4 head,κ. ἀναύχενες Emp.57.1
, cf. Nic. Th. 905, Opp.C.3.25; [dialect] Att. for the whole head and neck, Ael.Dion.Fr. 235; [dialect] Ion. for head, Eratosth. ap. Did.in Miller Mél. 400.II part of a temple gate, Vitr. 4.6.3. -
28 κράτος
κράτος [pron. full] [ᾰ], [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. [full] κάρτος, εος, τό, both in Hom.; [dialect] Aeol. [full] κρέτος Alc.25:—A strength, might, in Hom. esp. of bodily strength,ἔπεφνε δόλῳ, οὔ τι κράτεΐ γε Il.7.142
;ἔχει ἥβης ἄνθος, ὅ τε κ. ἐστὶ μέγιστον 13.484
, etc.; τὸ γὰρ αὖτε σιδήρου γε κ. ἐστίν this (i.e. τὸ βάψαι ) is what gives strength to iron, Od.9.393: generally,δικαία γλῶσσ' ἔχει κ. μέγα S.Fr.80
;μηχανῆς ἔστω κ. A.Supp. 207
; κατὰ κράτος with all one's might or strength,πολιορκεῖσθαι Th.1.64
; ;ἐξελέγχεσθαι D.34.20
, etc.: freq. in phrase αἱρεῖν κατὰ κ. take by storm, Th.8.100, Isoc.4.119, etc.; alsoἀνὰ κράτος διώκειν X. Cyr.1.4.23
;ἐλαύνειν Id.An.1.8.1
, etc.;ἀπὸ κράτους D.S.17.34
; πρὸς ἰσχύος κράτος, opp. λόγῳ, S.Ph. 594.II power, τοῦ γὰρ κ. ἐστὶ μέγιστον, of Zeus, Il.2.118, etc.;τοῦ γὰρ κ. ἔστ' ἐνὶ οἴκῳ Od.1.359
, cf. Il.12.214;Ζηνὸς κ. Pi.O.6.96
, cf. A.Pr. 527 (lyr.); ἐκπίπτειν κράτους, of Zeus, ib. 948;τὸ κ. τοῦ θεοῦ LXX Ps.61(62).11
, etc.: pl.,ὑποχείριος κράτεσιν ἀρσένων A.Supp. 393
(lyr.), cf. S.Ant. 485; esp. of political power, rule, sovereignty, l.c.;τὸ κ. περιθεῖναί τινι Hdt.1.129
;ἐς τὸ πλῆθος φέρειν τὸ κ. Id.3.81
; τὸ πᾶν κ. ἔχειν to be all- powerful, Id.7.3;ἀρχὴ καὶ κ. τυραννικόν S.OC 373
; βασιλεὺς πρῶτος ἐν κράτει Ὀδρυσῶν ἐγένετο in real power, Th.2.29; laterτὸ κ. τῶν Ῥωμαίων POxy. 41i2
(iii/iv A. D.): in pl.,κράτη καὶ θρόνους S.Ant. 173
, cf. OT 586, etc.; θρόνων κράτη sovereign power, Id.Ant. 166.2 c. gen., power over,τὸ Περσέων κ. ἔχοντα Hdt.3.69
;τὸ κ. εἶχε τῆς στρατιῆς Id.9.42
;πᾶν κ. ἔχων χθονός A.Supp. 425
(lyr.);τῶν ἄλλων δαιμόνων E.Tr. 949
;δὸς κ. τῶν σῶν δόμων A.Ch. 480
;δωμάτων ἔχειν κ. Ar.Th. 871
;τὸ τῆς θαλάσσης κ. Th.1.143
;μετὰ κράτους τῆς γῆς Id.8.24
; ὧν ἂν ᾖ τὸ κ. τῆς γῆς whoever have possession of the land, Id.4.98;κ. ἔχειν ἑαυτοῦ Pl.Plt. 273a
: pl.,ἀστραπᾶν κράτη νέμων S.OT 201
(lyr.).III mastery, victory, freq. in Hom., Il.1.509, 6.387, Od.21.280;κ. ἄρνυσθαι S.Ph. 838
(lyr.);νίκη καὶ κράτη A.Supp. 951
; ἀέθλων κ. victory in.., Pi.I. 8(7).4;νίκη καὶ κ. τῶν δρωμένων S.El.85
; κ. ἀριστείας the meed of highest valour, Id.Aj. 443;νίκη καὶ κ. πολεμίων Pl.Lg. 962a
;κ. πολέμου καὶ νίκη D.19.130
.IV Medic., in pl., ligaments, Hp.Mul. 2.167.2 = ταρσός, back of the hand, Poll.2.144.V Pythag. name for ten, Theol.Ar.59.—This word and its derivs. take two forms, κρατ- and καρτ-; the latter is mostly [dialect] Ep., as κάρτος, κάρτιστος, καρτύνω, but in κρατερός and καρτερός the reverse holds, v. κρατερός fin.; κρατέω, κρατύς have no form καρτ-. ( κρατ- and καρτ- from kṛt-, weak form of κρετ-, cf. κρέτος, κρέσσων.) -
29 παλαστή
πᾰλαστ-ή, ἡ,A = παλάμη, palm of the hand: hence, as a measure of length, palm, four fingers' breadth, IG12.372.35, Cratin.133, IG22.1665.10, 1666 A67,70, al. (iv B. C.), 11 (2).287 A95 (Delos, iii B. C.), CIG2860.14 ([place name] Delos), cf. Phryn.264, PLit.Lond. 183:—also [full] παλαιστή, Hp.Nat.Mul.33, Arist.HA 606a14, PCair.Zen.484.11 (iii B. C.), Plb.1.22.4, Hero Aut.3.1, *Geom.4.1, D.S.1.55, etc.; also [full] παλαιστής, οῦ, ὁ, LXXEx.25.23(25), 3 Ki.7.24, Hero *Deff.131, *Geom.4.10, S.E. M.9.300; written [full] παλεστής, POxy.669.27,34 (iii A. D.); cf. παλαιστιαῖος.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παλαστή
-
30 ἀμείβω
Aἄμειβον Il.14.381
: [tense] fut.- ψω A.Pr. 23
: [tense] aor. ἤμειψα, [dialect] Ep. ἄμειψα [ᾰ] h.Cer. 275, A.R.3.280; [dialect] Dor. ἄμ [pron. full] [ᾱ] Pi.P.5.38; Trag.:—[voice] Med., [tense] impf. ἠμειβόμην, [dialect] Ep.ἀμ- Il.3.171
, etc.: [tense] fut. : [tense] aor. ἠμειψάμην, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion.ἀμ- Il.4.403
, Hdt.1.37, al.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.ἀμειφθήσεται Hsch.
: [tense] aor. ἠμείφθην AP7.589 (Agath.), 638 (Crin.), etc. (in med. sense, Pi.P.4.102, Theoc.7.27): [tense] pf.ἤμειπται Gal.1.210
: [dialect] Ep. [tense] plpf.ἄμειπτο Nonn.D.44.241
.—Verb and compds. are almost exclus. poet. and [dialect] Ion., but used once or twice in Pl. and X., and late Prose.A [voice] Act., change, exchange, (not Od.),ἔντε' ἄμειβεν Il.17.192
, etc.: τί τινος, as γόνυ γουνὸς ἀμείβων changing one knee for other, i. e. walking slowly, ib.11.547, etc.:—so either,1 give in exchange, ὃς πρὸς Τυδεΐδην Διομήδεα τεύχε' ἄμειβε χρύσεα χαλκείων ib. 6.235: c.acc.,δάμαρτ' ἀμείψας E.Alc.46
: or more freq.,2 take in exchange,τι ἀντί τινος Pi.P.4.17
, E.Hel. 1382; πόσιν ἀντὶ σᾶς ἀμεῖψαι ψυχᾶς redeem at that price, Id.Alc. 462, etc.;μορφὴν ἀ. ἐκ θεοῦ βροτησίαν Id.Ba.4
;ἀ. τὰν ἐμὰν [φυλακάν] Id.Rh. 527
;τιμὰν πρὸς ἀνθρώπων ἀμείψω Ibyc.24
, cf. A.Ch. 1019 (anap.) (prob.).3 in [dialect] Att. often of Place, change it, so pass, cross, πορθμόν, πόρον, Id.Pers. 69, E.IA 144, etc.:—hence,b either pass out of a house, leave it, ἀ. στέγας, δώματα, S.Ph. 1262, E.El. 750; or pass into, enter it,ἀ. θύρας Hdt.5.72
, cf. A.Ch. 571: generally,πόλιν ἐκ πόλεως ἀ. Pl.Sph. 224b
, cf. Prm. 138d; v. infr. B.11.2.4 change, alter,χρῶτα βαφῇ A.Pers. 317
;χροιᾶς ἄνθος Id.Pr.23
;ἐς κακοχυμίην ἤμειψε τὰ σπλάγχνα Aret.SD2.13
: abs., πολλὰ ἀ. change colour, Jul.Caes. 309a; so [voice] Med.,χροιῆς ἄνθος ἀμειβομένης Sol.27.6
.5 causal, make others change,τεύχε' ἄμειβον Il.14.381
; pass on, hand on from one to another,τέκνα.. διαδοχαῖς ἀμείβουσαι χεροῖν E.Hec. 1159
.II intr. in part., [full] ἀμείβοντες, οἱ, the interchangers, i.e. rafters that meet and cross each other, Il.23.712, cf. Theo Sm.p.122 H., Nonn.D.37.588; ἐν ἀμείβοντι, = ἀμοιβάδις, Pi.N.11.42:—so prob. succeeds,E.
Or. 1503.B [voice] Med., change one with another, do in turn or alternately, abs.,ἀμειβόμενοι φυλακὰς ἔχον Il.9.471
; ;ὀρχείσθην.. ἀμειβομένω Od.8.379
; ἀμειβόμενοι κατὰ οἴκους at every house in turn, 1.375, 2.140; ploughed and fallow in turn,Pi.
N.6.9; so ἀμειβόμεναι ὁπλαῖς alternating, crosswise, of the motion of the legs in horses or oxen, Id.P.4.226; ἄλλα ἄλλοθεν ἀμείβεται now comes one thing, now another in turn, E.Hipp. 1108;ἀμείβεται μιάσματα Id.Med. 1267
: c. part., θρῴσκων ἄλλοτ' ἐπ' ἄλλον ἀμείβεται leaps in turn.., Il.15.684:—ἀ. στενότητι vary in narrowness, X.Cyn.9.14.2 of dialogue, answer one another,Od.
3.148, etc.; in part., ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπε, προσηύδα, Il.3.437, 17.33;ἀ. πρός τινα Hdt.8.60c
odd.; πρός τι ib.58, E.Tr. 903: c. acc. pers. et dat. rei, ἀ. τινα μύθῳ, μύθοις, Od. 12.278, 2.83; ἀ. τινα alone, answer one, reply to him, Il.1.172, etc.;τὸν λόγοις ἀμείφθη Pi.P.4.102
, cf. Theoc.7.27; ἀμείβετο τοῖσδε in these words, Hdt.1.35, al.:—later c. acc. rei,τούτοις ἀμείβου.. εὐμαθές τι A.Eu. 442
; ;μὴ σφριγῶντ' ἀμείψῃ μῦθον E.Supp. 478
;ταῦτα ἀμείψατο Hdt.1.37
: c. dupl. acc.,ταῦτα τοὺς φίλους ἀμείψατο Id.2.173
, cf.3.52, A.Supp. 195;ἕν μ' ἄμειψαι μοῦνον S.OC 991
; τὸν δὲ.. μῆτιν.. ἀμείβετο gave him counsel in reply, Pi.P. 9.39:—also late Prose, Luc.Alex.19.3 repay, requite, c. acc. pers. et dat. rei,δώροισιν ἀ. τινα Od.24.285
;χρηστοῖσι Hdt.1.41
, cf. 4.97;ὁμοίοις D.20.6
;ἀμείβομαί σε τῷ φυγεῖν τὴν οἰκίαν Com.Adesp.371
: c. acc. pers. only,τὸν ἄδικον ἀ. S.Fr.12
;τοὺς μὲν ἐκόλαζε, τοὺς δὲ ἠμείβετο D.C.74.8
: c. acc. et dat. rei,ἀ. εὐεργεσίας χάρισιν X.Mem.4.3.15
: c. acc. rei only,χάριν φιλότητος S.El. 134
;βροτῶν ἀσυνεσίας E.Ph. 1727
;τὴν προϋπαρχήν Arist.EN 1165a5
: rarely c. dat. pers., : rarely also c. gen. rei compensatae,ἀ. τινα τῆς δικαιοσύνης Luc.Somn. 15
:—mostly, return good for good; but also, bad for good,φθόνον ἀμειβόμενον τὰ καλὰ ἔργα Pi.P.7.17
; bad for bad,ἀμείψεται φόνον φόνος E.El. 1093
;κακὸν κακῷ Aret.SD2.13
.II get in exchange, [οὔτοι] νιν (sc. Καρθαίαν)Βαβυλῶνος ἀμείψομαι Pi.Pae.4.16
; θητικοῦ ἀντὶ τέλους ἱππάδ' ἀμειψάμενος Epigr. ap. Arist.Ath.7.4; .2 like [voice] Act., change a place, pass either out or in,ψυχὴ.. ἀμείψεται ἕρκος ὀδόντων Il.9.409
; and reversely of things swallowed,φάρμακα.. ἀ. ἕρκ. ὀδ. Od.10.328
;ἀμειβόμεναι μέγαν οὐδὸν.., ἡ μὲν ἔσω.. ἡ δὲ θύραζε Hes. Th. 749
;πατρίδ' ἀμειψάμενος Sol.2
;ποταμόν Simon.94
; ; ; γῆν οὐρανοῦ ἀ. change earth for heaven, Plu.2.607e;ὑπὲρ οὐδὸν ἀμειβόμενον Theoc. 2.104
; ; ἕτεραδ' ἕτερος ἀμείβεται πήματα passes through them, E.Or. 979.IV χεροῖν πίτυλον, ὃς αἰὲν δι' Ἀχέροντ' ἀ. θεωρίδα convoys, accompanies it, A.Th. 856. -
31 ἡνία
A reins, Il.5.226, Od.3.483, Hes.Sc.95, Pi.P.4.18, I.1.15: rare exc. in Poets, ἐφ' ἡνία,= ἐφ' ἡνίαν (v. sq.), Ael.Tact.19.12.II sg., [full] ἡνίον, τό, bit, Poll.1.148. (I.-E. [nmacrnull]siyo-, cf. Skt. nāsyam 'nose-rein', Ir. éssi 'reins'.)------------------------------------A bridle, reins, in pl., Pi. P.5.32, A.Pers. 193, etc.;πρὸς ἡνίας μάχεσθαι Id.Pr. 1010
; εἰς τοὐπίσω ἑλκύσαι τὰς ἡ. Pl.Phdr. 254c: less freq. in sg., Ἥλιε.. ἐπισχὼν χρυσόνωτον ἡ. S.Aj. 847;ἡ. χαλᾶν E.Fr. 409
: the sg. for one rein,ἔπειτα λύων ἡ. ἀριστεράν S.El. 743
.2 metaph.,Ἔρως.. ἡνίας ηὔθυνε παλιντόνους Ar.Av. 1739
; ;ἐφεῖναι καὶ χαλάσαι τὰς ἡ. τοῖς λόγοις Pl.Prt. 338a
; παραλαβοῦσαι τῆς πόλεως τὰς ἡ. Ar.Ec. 466; τούτῳ παραδώσω τῆς πυκνὸς τὰς ἡ. Id.Eq. 1109;γαστρὸς πᾶσαν ἡ. κρατεῖν Men.Mon.81
;τῷ δήμῳ τὰς ἡ. ἀνείς Plu.Per.11
; ἐνδιδόναι τοῖς βουλήμασι τὰς ἡ. D.H.7.35;παρὰ τὴν ἡ. πράττειν Philostr.Im.2.18
; πρὸς ταῖς ἡ., of high officials, BCH32.431 ([place name] Delos); ἐπὶ τῶν ἡ. LXX 1 Ma.6.28.3 as a military term, ἐφ' ἡνίαν wheeling to the left ( the left being the bridle hand), Plb. 10.23.2, Ascl. Tact.10.2, Polyaen.4.3.21; [τὸν ἵππον] περισπάσας ἐφ' ἡνίαν τῷ χαλινῷ Plu.Marc.6
; ἐξ ἡνίας, opp. ἐκ δόρατος, Plb.11.23.6. -
32 ἱμάς
A leathern strap or thong, Il.10.262, etc.;ἱμάντα βοός 3.375
;βοέους ἱμάντας 22.397
: mostly in pl., in various senses:e boxing-glove, consisting of several straps put round the hand, ib. 684, Pi.N.6.35, Pl.Prt. 342c;ἱ. πυκτικοί Eup.22
D.h whip, scourge,ἔξω τις δότω ἱμάντα Antiph.74.8
, cf. Men.Sam. 106;ἡ διὰ τῶν ἱ. αἰκεία POxy.1186.2
(iv A.D.), cf. Act.Ap.22.25;ἱμάντες παιδαγωγῶν Lib.Ep.911.2
.i cord, Gal.10.1001, cf. 1.616.II diseased condition of the uvula, Id.17(1).379.III ἱμάντες, in Archit., planks laid on rafters, IG12.372.82, 373.236, al., 22.1668.55, 1672.305; on στρωτῆρες (q.v.), ib.463.66. (Cf.Skt. sināti 'bind', Lat. saeta.) [[pron. full] ?ἱμάςX ¯ , usually; but also [pron. full] ῑ in [dialect] Ep., Il.8.544, etc.: in derivs. and compds. always [pron. full] ῐ.] -
33 αὐτός
Aαὐτόν Leg.Gort. 3.4
, al.), reflexive Pron., self:—in oblique cases used for the personal Pron., him, her, it:—with Art., ὁ αὐτός, ἡ αὐτή, τὸ αὐτό (also ταὐτόν), etc., the very one, the same.I self, myself, thyself, etc., acc. to the person of the Verb: freq. joined with ἐγώ, σύ, etc. (v. infr. 10),1 one's true self, the soul, not the body, Od.11.602; reversely, body, not soul, Il.1.4; oneself, as opp. others who are less prominent, as king to subject, 6.18; Zeus to other gods, 8.4; bird to young, 2.317; man to wife and children, Od.14.265; warrior to horses, Il.2.466, or to weapons, 1.47; shepherd to herd, Od.9.167, cf. Il.1.51; Trojans to allies, 11.220; seamen to ships, 7.338: generally, whole to parts, ib. 474; so laterἡ σίδη καὶ αὐτὴ καὶ τὰ φύλλα Thphr.HP4.10.7
, cf. X.Ath.1.19, Pl.Grg. 511e, etc.;αὐτή τε Μανδάνη καὶ τὸν υἱὸν ἔχουσα X.Cyr.1.3.1
;αὐ. τε καὶ τὰ ποιήματα βουλόμενος ἐπιδεῖξαι Pl.R. 398a
: abs., the Master, as in the Pythag. phrase Αὐτὸς ἔφα, Lat. Ipse dixit; so τίς οὗτος.. ;— Αὐτός, i.e. Socrates, Ar.Nu. 218; ἀναβόησον Αὐτόν ib. 219;ἀνοιγέτω τις δώματ'· Αὐτὸς ἔρχεται
the Master,Id.
Fr. 268, cf. Pl.Prt. 314d, Thphr.Char.2.4, Men.Sam.41:αὐ. ἀϋτεῖ Theoc.24.50
: neut., αὐτὸ σημανεῖ the result will show, E.Ph. 623;αὐτὸ δηλώσει D.19.157
;αὐτὰ δηλοῖ Pl.Prt. 329b
; αὐτὸ διδάξει ib. 324a; esp.αὐτὸ δείξει Cratin. 177
, Pl.Hp.Ma. 288b, cf. Tht. 200e; in full,τάχ' αὐτὸ δείξει τοὔργον S.Fr. 388
;τοὔργον τάχ' αὐτὸ δείξει Ar.Lys. 375
; redupl., ; of things, the very, ὑπὸ λόφον αὐτόν, i.e. just, exactly under.., Il.13.615; πρὸς αὐταῖς ταῖς θύραις close by the door, Lys.12.12; αὐτὸ τὸ δέον the very thing needed, X. An.4.7.7; ; αὐτὸ τὸ περίορθρον the point of dawn, Th.2.3; αὐτὰ τὰ ἐναντία the very opposite, X.Mem. 4.5.7;αὐτὰ τὰ χρήσιμα καὶ ἀναγκαῖα D.H.Th.23
; even,οὔ μοι μέλει ἄλγος οὔτ' αὐτῆς Ἑκάβης Il.6.451
; .—In these senses αὐτός in Prose either precedes both the Art. and Subst., or follows both, e.g. αὐτὸς ὁ υἱός or ὁ υἱὸς αὐτός. The Art. is sts. omitted with proper names, or Nouns denoting individuals,αὐτὸς Μένων X.An.2.1.5
; αὐτὸς βασιλεύς ib.1.7.11.2 of oneself, of one's own accord,ἀλλά τις αὐ. ἴτω Il.17.254
; ;καταπαύσομεν· οἱ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ παυέσθων Od.2.168
;ἥξει γὰρ αὐτά S.OT 341
; also, in person,τῶν πραγμάτων ὑμῖν.. αὐτοῖς ἀντιληπτέον D.1.2
.3 by oneself or itself, alone, αὐτός περ ἐών although alone, Il.8.99; αὐτὸς ἐγείναο παῖδ', i.e. without a mother, 5.880, cf. Hes.Th. 924; by himself,Hdt.
5.85; αὐτοὶ γάρ ἐσμεν we are by ourselves, i.e. among friends, Ar.Ach. 504, cf. Th. 472, Pl.Prm. 137b, Herod.6.70, Plu.2.755c, Luc. DDeor.10.2;αὐτοῖς τοῖς ἀνδράσι.. ἢ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις X.An.2.3.7
;ἄνευ τοῦ σίτου τὸ ὄψον αὐτὸ ἐσθίειν Id.Mem.3.14.3
;τὸν τρίβωνα ὃν αὐτὸν φορεῖ Thphr.Char.22.13
(prob.); αὐτὰ γὰρ ἔστιν ταῦτα these and no others, Emp.21.13, al.: strengthd., αὐτὸς κτήσατο οἶος himself alone, Od.14.450; αὐτὸς μόνος, v. μόνος II; αὐτὸς καθ' αὑτόν, v. ἑαυτοῦ.4 in Philosophy, by or in itself, of an abstract concept or idea,δίκαιον αὐτό Pl.Phd. 65d
;αὐτὸ τὸ ἕν Id.Prm. 143a
, al., cf. Arist. Metaph. 997b8: neut., αὐτό is freq. in this sense, attached to Nouns of all genders,οὐκ αὐτὸ δικαιοσύνην ἐπαινοῦντες ἀλλὰ τὰς ἀπ' αὐτῆς εὐδοκιμήσεις Pl.R. 363a
; less freq. with Art.,τί ποτ' ἐστὶν αὐτὸ ἡ ἀρετή Id.Prt. 360e
; more fully, εἰ αὐτὸ τοῦτο πατέρα ἠρώτων, ἆρα ὁ πατήρ ἐστι πατήρ τινος, ἢ οὔ; Id.Smp. 199d; ἀδελφός, αὐτὸ τοῦτο ὅπερ ἔστιν the ideal, abstract brother, ibid.e: later, in compos., αὐτοαγαθόν, αὐτοάνθρωπος, etc. (q. v.), cf. Arist.Metaph. 1040b33; less freq. agreeing with the Subst., , etc.; doubled,ἐκ τῆς εἰκόνος μανθάνειν αὐτήν τε αὐτήν, εἰ καλῶς εἴκασται
its very self,Id.
Cra. 439a.5 in dat. with Subst., in one, together, ἀνόρουσεν αὐτῇ σὺν φόρμιγγι he sprang up lyre in hand, Il.9.194; αὐτῇ σὺν πήληκι κάρη helmet and all, 14.498, cf. Od.13.118;αὐτῷ σὺν ἄγγει E. Ion 32
, cf. Hipp. 1213; also withoutσύν, αὐτῇ κεν γαίῃ ἐρύσαι Il.8.24
: so freq. in Prose and Poetry, αὐτοῖς ἀνδράσι men and all, Hdt.6.93; αὐτοῖσι συμμάχοισι allies and all, A.Pr. 223 (lyr.); : with Art., ;αὐτοῖσι τοῖς πόρπαξι Ar.Eq. 849
, etc.;αὐτοῖς τοῖς ἵπποις κατακρημνισθῆναι X.Cyr.1.4.7
.6 added to ordinal Numbers, e.g. πέμπτος αὐτός himself the fifth, i. e. himself with four others, Th.1.46, cf. 8.35, X.HG2.2.17, Apoc.17.11, etc.:— αὐτός always being the chief person.7 freq. coupled withοὗτος, τοῦτ' αὐτό ἐστι τὸ ζητηθέν Pl.Plt. 267c
, etc.;αὐτὸ τοῦτο μόνον Id.Grg. 500b
; alsoλεγόντων ἄλλο μὲν οὐδέν.. αὐτὰ δὲ τάδε Th.1.139
;πόλεις ἄλλας τε καὶ αὐτὸ τοῦτο τὸ Βυζάντιον X.An.7.1.27
; ταῦτα ἥκω αὐτὰ ἵνα .. Pl.Prt. 310e.9 repeated in apodosi for emphasis,αὐτὸς ἐπαγγειλάμενος σώσειν.. αὐτὸς ἀπώλεσεν Lys.12.68
, cf. A.Fr. 350, X.An.3.2.4.10 in connexion with the person. Pron.,ἐγὼν αὐτός Od.2.194
;σέθεν αὐτοῦ Il.23.312
;νωΐτερον αὐτῶν 15.39
(always divisim in Hom.); folld. by an enclit. Pron.,αὐτόν μιν Od.4.244
; soαὐτὸν γάρ σε δεῖ Προμηθέως A.Pr.86
; alsoαὐτὸς ἔγωγε Pl.Phd. 59b
, etc.:— after Hom. in the oblique cases αὐτός coalesces with the Pron., ἐμαυτοῦ, σεαυτοῦ (these not in Alc. or Sapph., A.D.Pron.80.10 sqq.), ἑαυτοῦ, etc. (q. v.).b with person. Pron. omitted, αὐτός.. ἧσθαι λιλαίομαι, for ἐγὼ αὐτός, Il.13.252; αὐτὸν ἐλέησον, for ἐμὲ αὐτόν, 24.503;αὐτῶν γὰρ ἀπωλόμεθ' ἀφραδίῃσιν Od.10.27
; in 2.33 οἱ αὐτῷ is simply a strengthd. form of οἱ; and so in [dialect] Att., when σὲ αὐτόν, ἐμοὶ αὐτῷ, etc., are read divisim, they are emphatic, not reflexive; in this case αὐτός generally precedes the person. Pron., cf. X.Cyr.6.2.25 with 6.1.14.c with the reflexive ἑαυτοῦ, αὑτοῦ, etc., to add force and definiteness,αὐτὸς καθ' αὑτοῦ A.Th. 406
; αὐτοὶ ὑφ' αὑτῶν ib. 194;αὐτοὶ καθ' αὑτούς X.Mem.3.5.4
;αὐτὸ καθ' αὑτό Pl.Tht. 201e
; sts. between the Art. and reflex. Pron., , cf. Pr. 762; : also κατ' αὐτὺ ([dialect] Boeot. for αὐτοὶ)αὐτῶν IG7.3172.121
(Orchom. [dialect] Boeot.).d αὐτοῦ, αὐτῶν with possess. Pron.,πατρὸς κλέος ἠδ' ἐμὸν αὐτοῦ Il.6.446
;θρῆνον.. ἐμὸν τὸν αὐτῆς A.Ag. 1323
; ; τοῖς οἷσιν αὐτοῦ ib. 1248; ;τοῖς ἡμετέροις αὐτῶν φίλοις X.An. 7.1.29
.e αὐτὸς ἑαυτοῦ with [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup. Adj.,αὐτὸς ἑωυτοῦ ῥέει πολλῷ ὑποδεέστερος Hdt.2.25
;τῇ εὐρυτάτη ἐστὶ αὐτὴ ἑωυτῆς Id.1.203
.11 αὐτός for ὁ αὐτός, the same, Il.12.225, Od.8.107, 16.138, Pi.N.5.1 (never in Trag.), and in later Prose,αὐταῖς ταῖς ἡμέραις IG 14.966
(ii A. D.), cf. Ev.Luc.23.12.12 [comp] Comp.αὐτότερος Epich.5
: [comp] Sup. his very self,Ar.
Pl.83: neut. pl. αὐτότατα dub. in Phld.Piet.80. Adv., [comp] Comp.αὐτοτέρως Gal.18(2).431
.II he, she, it, for the simple Pron. of 3 pers., only in oblique cases (exc. in later Gk., Ev.Luc.4.15, etc.), and rarely first in a sentence, Pl.La. 194e, and later, Ep.Eph.2.10, etc.: rare in [dialect] Ep., Il. 12.204 (where Hdn. treated it as enclitic), and mostly emphatic, ib.14.457, Od.16.388; so in Trag., E.Hel. 421: in Prose, to recall a Noun used earlier in the sentence,ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν βασιλέα.. οὐκ οἶδα ὅ τι δεῖ αὐτὸν ὀμόσαι X.An.2.4.7
;πειράσομαι τῷ πάππῳ.. συμμαχεῖν αὐτῷ Id.Cyr.1.3.15
;ἄνδρα δὴ.. εἰ ἀφίκοιτο εἰς τὴν πόλιν, προσκυνοῖμεν ἂν αὐτόν Pl.R. 398a
; after a Relative,ὅς κε θεοῖς ἐπιπείθηται.. ἔκλυον αὐτοῦ Il.1.218
;οὓς μὴ εὕρισκον, κενοτάφιον αὐτοῖς ἐποίησαν X.An.6
. 4.9, cf. 1.9.29; esp. where a second Verb requires a change of case in the Pron.,οἳ ἂν ἐξελεγχθῶσι.. ὡς προδότας αὐτοὺς ὄντας τιμωρηθῆναι Id.An.2.5.27
;ἐκεῖνοι οἷς οὐκ ἐχαρίζονθ' οἱ λέγοντες οὐδ' ἐφίλουν αὐτούς D.3.24
; in subdivisions,ὅσοι.. οἱ μὲν αὐτῶν.. X.Cyr.1.1.1
, cf. Pl.Chrm. 168e; later, pleonastically after a Relative,ὧν ὁ μὲν αὐτῶν Call.Epigr.43
, cf. Ev.Luc.3.16, Apoc.7.2, etc.: in S.Ph. 316 αὐτοῖς is emphatic 'in their own persons'.III with Art. ὁ αὐτός, ἡ αὐτή, τὸ αὐτό, and [dialect] Att. [var] contr. αὑτός, αὑτή, ταὐτό and ταὐτόν (as required by the metre, cf. S.OT 734 with 325, and in Prose to avoid hiatus): gen. ταὐτοῦ, dat. ταὐτῷ, pl. neut. ταὐτά; [dialect] Ion. ὡυτός, τὠυτό:—the very one, the same, rare in Hom., Il. 6.391, Od.7.55, 326;ὁ αὐ. εἰμι τῇ γνώμῃ Th.3.38
, cf. 5.75;ἐπὶ τὸ αὐ. αἱ γνῶμαι ἔφερον Id.1.79
: c. dat., to denote sameness or agreement, esp. in Prose,τὠυτὸ ἂν ὑμῖν ἐπρήσσομεν Hdt.4.119
; ; ὁ αὐτὸς τῷ λίθῳ the same as the stone, Pl. Euthd. 298a; ἐν ταὐτῷ εἶναί τινι to be in the place with.., X.An.3.1.27; προσίεσθαί τινα ἐς ταὐτὸ ἑαυτῷ to have a person meet one, ib.30, cf. A.Ch. 210;κατὰ ταὐτὰ τῷ Νείλῳ Hdt.2.20
;τῇ αὐτῇ.. καί Id.4.109
; ;ὁ αὐτός.. ὥσπερ Pl.Phd. 86a
; face to face,Jul.
Or.2.5a0.2 in later Greek, the said, the above-named,Ἡρώδης ὁ αὐ. PLille23.8
(iii B. C.), etc.IV Adverbial phrases:1 simply, merely,Ph.
2.252, etc.;αὐ. μόνον ἐργάτης Luc.Somn.9
;αὐ. μόνον τὸ ὄνομα τῆς φωνῆς A.D.Synt.22.20
.3 αὐτὸ τοῦτο as Adv., PGrenf.1.114 (ii B. C.), 2 Ep.Pet. 1.5;τῆς αὐτὸ τοῦτο κινουμένης σφαίρας Iamb. Comm.Math.17
.4 with Preps., added together, making a total,PLond.
2.196.37 (ii A. D.); together, at the same time,Act.Ap.
14.1, etc.; but just then,Hdn.
1.12.3.V In Compos.:1 of or by oneself, self-.., as in αὐτοδίδακτος, αὐτογνώμων, αὐτόματος: and so, independently, as in αὐτοκράτωρ, αὐτόνομος.2 hence, as a second self, very.., bodily, as with proper names, Αὐτοθαΐς.3 in the abstract, the ideal, v. supr.1.4.4 precisely, as in αὐτόδεκα.5 rarely with reflex. sense of ἀλλήλων, as in αὐτοκτονέω.6 in one piece with, together with, as in αὐτόκωπος, αὐτοχείλης, αὐτόπρεμνος, αὐτόρριζος.7 by itself: hence, only, as in αὐτόξυλος, αὐτόποκος.—For αὐτοῦ, αὐτῶς, etc., v. the respective Arts. -
34 δίδωμι
δίδωμι, Il.23.620, etc. (late [full] δίδω POxy. 121 (iii A. D.)); late forms, [ per.] 1pl. διδόαμεν v. l. in J.BJ3.8.5, etc., [ per.] 3pl. δίδωσι ([etym.] παρα-) Id.AJ10.4.1, etc.; but thematic forms are freq. used, esp. in [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion., διδοῖς, διδοῖσθα, Il.9.164, 19.270,Aδιδοῖ Od.17.350
, Mimn.2.16, Hdt.2.48, Hp.Aër.12 ([etym.] ἀνα-), A.Supp. 1010, etc.,διδοῦσι Il.19.265
(always in Hom.), dub. in [dialect] Att., Antiph.156; imper.δίδου Thgn.1303
, Hdt.3.140, E.Or. 642,δίδοι Pi.O.1.85
, Epigr. in Class.Phil.4.78, [dialect] Ep.δίδωθι Od.3.380
; inf. διδόναι, alsoδιδοῦν Thgn.1329
, [dialect] Ep.διδοῦναι Il.24.425
, [dialect] Aeol.δίδων Theoc.29.9
; part. διδούς, [dialect] Aeol.δίδοις Alc.Supp.23.13
: [tense] impf. ἐδίδουν -ους -ου, Ar.Eq. 678, Od.19.367, 11.289 ([dialect] Ep.δίδου Il. 5.165
), etc.; [ per.] 3pl.ἐδίδοσαν Hdt.8.9
, etc., ἐδίδουν (v.l. ἐδίδων) Hes. Op. 139, D.H.5.6 codd. ([etym.] ἀπ-), also ἔδιδον prob. in h.Cer. 437, δίδον ib. 328; [dialect] Ep. iter.δόσκον Il.14.382
: [tense] fut.δώσω 14.268
, etc., [dialect] Ep.διδώσω Od.13.358
, 24.314; inf.δωσέμεναι Il.13.369
: [tense] aor. 1 ἔδωκα, used only in ind., Od.9.361, etc., [dialect] Ep.δῶκα Il.4.43
: [tense] aor. 2 ἔδων, used in pl. ind. ἔδομεν ἔδοτε ἔδοσαν ([dialect] Lacon.ἔδον IG5(1).1
B1), and in moods, δός, δῶ, δοίην, δοῦναι, δούς; [dialect] Ep. forms of [tense] aor., subj. [ per.] 3sg. δώῃ, δώῃσι, δῷσι, Il.16.725, 1.324, Od.2.144; [ per.] 3sg. δώη, [dialect] Boeot. (Delph.), IG7.3054 (Lebad.),δοῖ PPetr.2
.p.24; [ per.] 1pl.δώομεν Il.7.299
, Od.16.184, [ per.] 3pl.δώωσι Il.1.137
; [ per.] 3sg. opt. is written ,δοῖ IG14.1488
, etc.; inf.δόμεναι Il.1.116
,δόμεν 4.379
(also [dialect] Dor., Ar.Lys. 1163 ([etym.] ἀπο-), δόμειν SIG942
([place name] Dodona)); Cypr. inf.δοϝέναι Inscr.Cypr.135.5H.
(also opt. δυϝάνοι ib. 6); Arc. part.ἀπυ-δόας IG5(2).6.13
([place name] Tegea); inf. (Orchom., iii B. C.), also in later Greek, BGU38.13 (ii A. D.): [tense] pf.δέδωκα Pi.N.2.8
, etc.; [dialect] Boeot. [ per.] 3pl.ἀπο-δεδόανθι IG7.3171.35
(Orchom.): [tense] plpf.ἐδεδώκει X.Cyr.1.4.26
:—[voice] Med. only in compds.:— [voice] Pass., [tense] fut. , Is.3.39, etc.: [tense] aor.ἐδόθην Od.2.78
, etc.: [tense] pf.δέδομαι Il.5.428
, A.Supp. 1041, Th.1.26, etc.; [ per.] 3pl. : [tense] plpf.ἐδέδοτο Th.3.109
:—give freely,τινί τι Od.24.274
, etc.: in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf., to be ready to give, offer, Il.9.519, Hdt.5.94, 9.109, Ar.Fr. 100, X.An.6.3.9, etc.; things offered,D.
18.119.2 of the gods, grant, assign, κῦδος, νίκην, etc., Il.19.204, 11.397, etc.; of evils, δ. ἄλγεα, ἄτας, κήδεα, etc., 1.96, 19.270, Od.9.15, etc.; twice in Hom. in [voice] Pass., οὔ τοι δέδοται πολεμήϊα ἔργα not to thee have deeds of war been granted, Il.5.428, cf. Od.2.78; later εὖ διδόναι τινί give good fortune, provide well for.., S.OT 1081, OC 642, E.Andr. 750: abs., of the laws, grant permission,δόντων αὐτῷ τῶν νόμων Is.7.2
, cf. Pl.Lg. 813c.4 with inf. added, ξεῖνος γάρ οἱ ἔδωκεν.. ἐς πόλεμον φορέειν gave it him to wear in war, Il.15.532, cf. 23.183;δῶκε [τεύχεα] θεράποντι φορῆναι 7.149
: later freq. of giving to eat or drink,ἐκ χειρὸς διδοῖ πιεῖν Hdt.4.172
, cf. Cratin.124, Pherecr.69, etc.;ἐδίδου ῥοφεῖν Ar.Fr. 203
;δίδου μασᾶσθαι Eup. 253
;δὸς καταφαγεῖν Hegem.1
;τὴν κύλικα δὸς ἐμπιεῖν Pherecr.41
;δὸς τὴν μεγάλην σπάσαι Diph.17.7
; with inf. omitted,φιάλην ἔδωκε κεράσας Ephipp.10
;εὐζωρότερον δός Diph.58
; also of giving water to wash with, δίδου κατὰ χειρός (sc. νίψασθαι) Arched.2.3, cf. Alex.261.2.5 Prose phrases, δ. ὅρκον, opp. λαμβάνειν, tender an oath, , cf. D.39.3, Arist. Rh. 1377a8; δ. ψῆφον, γνώμην, put a proposal to the vote, propose a resolution, D.21.87, 24.13: δ. χάριν, = χαρίζεσθαι, S.Aj. 1354, Cratin. 317; ὀργῇ χάριν δούς having indulged.., S.OC 855; λόγον τινὶ δ. give one leave to speak, X.HG5.2.20;δ. λόγον σφίσι
deliberate,Hdt.
1.97;οὐκ, εἰ διδοίης.. σαυτῷ λόγον S.OT 583
; δοῦναι, λαβεῖν λόγον, Arist.SE 165a27 (but δ. λόγον, εὐθύνας, render accounts, IG12.91, al.): δ. δίκην or δίκας, v. δίκη: ἀκοὴν δ. λόγοις lend an ear to.., S. El.30, etc.; δ. ἐργασίαν give diligence, = Lat. dare operam, OGI441.109 (Lagina, i B. C.), POxy.742.11: c. inf., Ev.Luc.12.58: abs., sc.πληγήν, λίθῳ δ. τινί PLips. 13 iii 3
; ἐμβολὰς διδόναι, ram, of ships, D.S.13.10.II c. acc. pers., hand over, deliver up,ἀχέεσσί με δώσεις Od.19.167
;μιν.. ὀδύνῃσιν ἔδωκεν Il.5.397
;Ἕκτορα κυσίν 23.21
;πυρί τινα Od.24.65
;πληγαῖς τινά Pl.R. 574c
;ἔδωκε θῆρας φόβῳ Pi.P.5.60
.2 of parents, give their daughter to wife,θυγατέρα ἀνδρί Il.6.192
, Od.4.7; also of Telemachus,ἀνέρι μητέρα δώσω 2.223
; τὴν.. Σάμηνδε ἔδοσαν gave her in marriage to go to Samé, 15.367, cf. 17.442; with inf. added,δώσω σοι Χαρίτων μίαν ὀπυιέμεναι Il. 14.268
: in Prose and Trag.,θυγατέρα δ. τινὶ γυναῖκα Hdt.1.107
, cf. Th.6.59, X.HG4.1.4, etc.: abs.,ἐδίδοσαν καὶ ἤγοντο ἐξ ἀλλήλων Hdt. 5.92
.β, cf. E.Med. 288; alsoδ. κόρᾳ ἄνδρα Pi.P.9.117
.3 διδόναι τινά τινι grant another to one's entreaties, pardon him at one's request, X.An.6.6.31; διδόναι τινί τι forgive one a thing, condone it, E.Cyc. 296 (s. v. l.).4 δ. ἑαυτόν τινι give oneself up,δ. σφέας αὐτοὺς τοῖσι Ἀθηναίοισι Hdt.6.108
, cf. S.Ph.84, Th.2.68;τινὶ εἰς χεῖρας S.El. 1348
;δ. ἑαυτὸν τοῖς δεινοῖς D.18.97
;εἰς τοὺς κινδύνους Plb.3.17.8
;εἰς ἔντευξιν Id.3.15.4
; εἰς τρυφήν, εἰς λῃστείας, D.S.17.108, 18.47: c. inf., .5 appoint, establish, of a priest, LXXEx.31.6; δῶμεν ἀρχηγόν ib.Nu. 14.4; δ. τινὰ εἰς ἔθνος μέγα ib.Ge.17.20; place, τινὰ ὑπεράνω πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ib.De.28.1:—[voice] Pass., οἱ δεδομένοι, = Nethinim, ministers of the Temple, ib.Ne.5.3; ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς ἵνα .. orders were given them that.., Apoc.9.5.III in vows and prayers, c. acc. pers. et inf., grant, allow, bring about that.., esp. in prayers, δὸς ἀποφθίμενον δῦναι δόμον Ἄϊδος εἴσω grant that he may go.., Il.3.322;τὸν κασίγνητον δότε τυίδ' ἴκεσθαι Sapph.Supp.1.2
; δός με τείσασθαι give me to.., A.Ch.18, cf. Eu.31; also c. dat. pers.,τούτῳ.. εὐτυχεῖν δοῖεν θεοί Id.Th. 422
;θεοὶ δοῖέν ποτ' αὐτοῖς.. παθεῖν S.Ph. 316
, cf. OC 1101, 1287, Pl.Lg. 737b.2 grant, concede in argument,δ. καὶ συγχωρεῖν Id.Phd. 100b
, cf. Arist.Metaph. 990a12, al.: c. inf., Id.Ph. 239b29;δ. εἶναι θεούς Iamb.Myst.1.3
;ἑνὸς ἀτόπου δοθέντος τἆλλα συμβαίνει Arist.Ph. 186a9
; δεδομένα, τά, data, title of work by Euclid; ἡ δοθεῖσα γραμμή, γωνία, etc., Pl.Men. 87a, Euc.1.9, etc.;δεδόσθω κύκλος Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.6
, al.; also in Alchemy, δός take certain substances, Pleid.X.69.IV Gramm., describe, record, Sch.Pi. P.5.93, Sch.Il.16.207.V seemingly intr., give oneself up, devote oneself, c. dat., esp.ἡδονῇ E.Ph.21
, Plu.Publ.13;ἡδοναῖς Philostr. VS1.12
;ἐλπίδι J.AJ17.12.2
;εἰς δημοκοπίαν D.S.25.8
; at full speed,Alciphr.
3.47. -
35 δρύφακτος
δρύφακτ-ος [ῠ], ὁ, later [full] τρύφακτος BCH35.23 (Delos, iv B. C.), OGI598.3 ([place name] Jerusalem), Hdn.Gr.2.595:—A railing or latticed partition, serving as the bar of the courts of law, the council-chamber, etc., Ar. V. 380: mostly in pl.,ὑπερεπήδων τοὺς δ. Id.Eq. 675
;ὑπὸ τοῖς δ. Id.V. 386
; ἐπὶ τοῖς δ. ib. 552, X HG2.3.55: sg.,δρυφάκτου τρόπῳ Apollod. Poliorc.172.1
.2 hand-rail, Plb.1.22.6, 10.3 balcony, Arist. Ath.50.2:—written [full] δρύφρακτοι, Lib.Or.11.217. (By dissim. for δρύ-φρακτος ([etym.] φράσσω), cf. Lib. l. c., Hellad. ap. Sch.Orib.2p.746D., Sch.Ar.Eq. l. c.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > δρύφακτος
-
36 εἰμί
εἰμί (A sum), [dialect] Aeol. [full] ἔμμι Sapph.2.15, Theoc.20.32; Cret. [full] ἠμί GDI 4959a; [ per.] 2sg. εἶ, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion.εἰς Od.17.388
, al., [dialect] Aeol. ἔσσι, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Dor.ἐσσί Il.1.176
, Pi.O.6.90, Sophr.134; ; [ per.] 3sg. ἐστί, [dialect] Dor.ἐντί IG12(1).677
([place name] Rhodes), Theoc.1.17, etc.; [ per.] 3 dualἐστόν Th.3.112
; [ per.] 1pl. ἐσμέν, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. εἰμέν (also in Pi.P.3.60), , [dialect] Dor.εἰμές Theoc.15.73
, but ; [ per.] 3pl. εἰσί ([etym.] - ίν), [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. ἔασι ([etym.] - ιν) Il.7.73, Xenoph.8.1, Antim.29, Herod.4.84, [dialect] Dor.ἐντί Pi.N.1.24
, Theoc.11.45, IG9(1).32.22 ([place name] Phocis), etc.: imper. ἴσθι (ἔσθι Hecat.361
J.), [dialect] Ep. and Lyr. also in [voice] Med. formἔσσο Od.3.200
, Sapph.1.28, Maced.Pae.31, late Proseἔσο Plu.2.241d
, M.Ant.3.5, Hld.5.12, Porph.Marc.34; [ per.] 3sg. ἔστω (, and late Inscrr., CIG2664, al.; but in Pl.R. 361c leg. ἴτω), [dialect] Dor. εἴτω, ἤτω, Heraclid. ap. Eust.1411.21, Elean ; [ per.] 3pl. ἔστωσαν, butἔστων Hom.
, Pl.R. 502a, , and early [dialect] Att. Inscrr., IG12.22, etc. ( ἔστωσαν first in ii B. C., ib.22.1328), [dialect] Dor. ἐόντων ib.1126: subj. ὦ, ᾖς, ᾖ, [dialect] Ep.ἔω Od.9.18
; [ per.] 3sg.ἔῃ Il.12.300
,al. (alsoἔῃσι 2.366
, al., ᾖσι ([etym.] ν) 19.202, Hes.Op. 294), also [dialect] Boeot.ἔνθω IG7.3172.165
,μετείω Il.23.47
and perh.εἴῃ 9.245
, etc.; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3pl. ([place name] Crete), ([place name] Hierapytna), [dialect] Boeot.ἴωνθι IG7.3171.46
(iii B. C.): opt. εἴην, -ης (εἴησθα Thgn.715
), -η, also ἔοις, ἔοι, Il.9.284, 142, al., cf. Hdt.7.6; [ per.] 3pl.εἴοισαν Ἀρχ. Ἐφ. 1911.133
([place name] Gonni); [ per.] 3 dual , Sph. 243e; [ per.] 1pl. (lyr.), Pl.; [ per.] 2pl.εἶτε Od. 21.195
; [ per.] 3pl.εἶεν Il.2.372
, etc.,εἴησαν Hdt.1.2
, etc.; Elean ἔα, = εἴη, SIG9 (vi B. C.), and σύν-εαν, = συνεῖεν, GDI 1149 (vi B. C.): inf. εἶναι, Arc. (Tegea, iv B. C.); [dialect] Ep. ἔμμεναι (also [dialect] Aeol.ἔμμεν' Sapph.34
), ἔμμεν (also Pi.P.6.42, S.Ant. 623 (lyr.)), ἔμεναι, ἔμεν, also ([place name] Dodona); [dialect] Dor. εἶμεν Foed. ap. Th.5.77,79, IG7.1.7 ([place name] Megara),ἦμεν Test.Epict.5.16
, Tab.Heracl.1.75, Cret. ἦμεν orἤμην Leg.Gort.1.15
, al., GDI4998i 2, al., Megar. ,εἴμειν IG12(1).155.100
([place name] Rhodes), 14.952 ([place name] Agrigentum); εἶν ib. 12(9).211.10 ([place name] Eretria), SIG135.4 ([place name] Olynthus), etc.: part. ὤν, [dialect] Ep. ἐών, ἐοῦσα, ἐόν, Cypr.ἰών Inscr.Cypr.135.23
H.; [dialect] Boeot. fem.ἰῶσα IG 7.3172.116
(Orchom.), [dialect] Aeol. and [dialect] Dor. fem.ἔσσα Sapph.75.4
, IG4.952.2 (Epid.), Theoc.28.16,ἐοῖσα Pi.P.4.265
,ἔασσα Lyr.Alex.Adesp. 9
, Diotog. ap. Stob.4.7.62,εὖσα Erinn.5.5
(also [dialect] Ion., Herod.5.16,εὔντων 2.85
),ἐᾶσα Ti.Locr.96d
, IG5(1).1470.8 ([place name] Messene),ἴαττα Leg.Gort.8.47
; acc. sg.εὖντα Theoc.2.3
; nom. sg. εἴς in Heraclid. ap. Eust.1756.13, pl.ἔντες Tab.Heracl.1.117
; dat. pl. ἔντασσι ib.104; gen. pl.παρ-έντων Alcm. 64
: [tense] impf.ἦν Il.2.77
, etc., [dialect] Ep. ἔον (also [dialect] Aeol., Alc.127, Sapph.Oxy. 1787 Fr.3 ii 21), in [dialect] Att. ἦ (dub. in [dialect] Aeol., Alc. Supp.14.9), Ar.Pl.77, Pl.Phd. 61b, etc., but usu. altered to ἦν in codd. (and ἦν is required by metre in E. Ion 280), [var] contr. from [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. ἦα (Il.5.808, al., IG12(8).449.2 ([place name] Thasos), whence Hom.and later [dialect] Ion.ἔᾱ Il.4.321
, al.,ἔας Hdt.1.187
,ἔατε Id.4.119
); [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. ἦεν, always with ν in Hom.; ἔην as [ per.] 1sg., only Il.11.762 (s. v.l., al. ἔον), freq. as [ per.] 3sg. (generally before a consonant, so that ἔεν is possible), sts. also ἤην; [ per.] 2sg. ἦσθα, later ἦς (wh. is v.l. in Pi.I.1.26), sts. in LXX (Jd. 11.35, Ru.3.2,al.), cf. Pl.Ax. 365e, Erinn.4.4, Ev.Matt.25.21, al., , [dialect] Ep. ἔησθα; [ per.] 3sg. ἦν, [dialect] Ep. ἔην, ἤην, ἦεν (v. supr.), [dialect] Dor. and [dialect] Aeol.ἦς Alc.Supp.30.1
, Epich.102, Sophr.59, Theoc.2.90, SIG241.145 (Delph.); [ per.] 3 dualἤστην Il.5.10
, E.Hipp. 387, Ar.Eq. 982, Pl.Euthd. 272a, al.; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 1pl.ἦμες Plu.Lyc.21
; [ per.] 2pl. , , Ec. 1086; [ per.] 3pl. ἦσαν, [dialect] Ion. and Poet. ἔσαν (in Hes.Th. 321, 825, ἦν is not pl. for ἦσαν, but is rather a peculiarity of syntax, v. infr. v, but is [ per.] 3pl. in Epich.46, al., SIG560.15 (Epidamnus, iii B. C.)); [dialect] Aeol. ; later (iii B. C.), SIG527.46 (Crete, iii B. C.), IGRom.4.1740 ([place name] Cyme), always in LXX as Ba.1.19, cf. Ev.Matt.23.30, Plu.2.174a, etc., and sts. in codd. of earlier writers, Lys.7.34, Trag.Adesp. 124 (cited from E. Hel. 931 by Choerob. and from Id.Tr. 474 by Aps.), X.Cyr.6.1.9, Hyp.Ath.26, [ per.] 2sg.ἦσο Epigr.Gr.379
([place name] Aezani), [ per.] 3sg.ἦστο Supp.Epigr. 1.455.7
([place name] Phrygia), [ per.] 1pl.ἤμεθα PPetr.2p.11
(iii B. C.), LXX Ba.1.19, 1 Ki.25.16, Ep.Eph.2.3; subj. (ii B. C.), ἦται GDI 1696, ἦνται prob. in IG5(1).1390.83 ([place name] Andania); [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. also ἔσκον, used by A.Pers. 656 (lyr.): [tense] fut. ἔσομαι, ἔσται, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Aeol. also ἔσσομαι, ἔσεται, ἔσσεται; [dialect] Aeol. [ per.] 2sg. ἔσσῃ prob. in Alc.67,87; [dialect] Dor. 2 and [ per.] 3sg. ἐσσῇ, ἐσσεῖται, Il.2.393, 13.317, Theoc.10.5, [ per.] 3pl. ἐσσοῦνται Foed. ap. Th.5.77 codd. (butἔσσονται Tab.Heracl.1.113
), inf.ἐσσεῖσθαι Sophr.57
.—All forms of the [tense] pres.ind. are enclitic (exc. [ per.] 2sg. εἶ and [ per.] 3pl. ἔασι); but [ per.] 3sg. is written ἔστι when it begins a sentence or verse, or when it immediately follows οὐκ, καί, εἰ, ὡς, ἀλλά, or τοῦτ', Hdn.Gr.1.553 (also μή acc. to EM301.3); later Gramm. wrote ἔστι as Subst. Verb, Phot., Eust.880.22.A as the Subst. Verb,I of persons, exist,οὐκ ἔσθ' οὗτος ἀνήρ, οὐδ' ἔσσεται Od.16.437
; ἔτ' εἰσί they are still in being, 15.433, cf. S.Ph. 445, etc.;τεθνηῶτος.. μηδ' ἔτ' ἐόντος Od.1.289
; οὐκέτ' ἐστί he is no more, E.Hipp. 1162; οὐδὲ δὴν ἦν he was not long- lived, Il.6.131; ὁ οὐκ ὤν, οἱ οὐκ ὄντες, of those who are no more, Th.2.45,44; οἱ ὄντες the living, Plb.9.29.2; ὁ ὤν the Eternal, LXX Ex.3.14, al., Ph.1.289;θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες Il.1.290
; ἐσσόμενοι posterity, 2.119;κἀγὼ γὰρ ἦ ποτ', ἀλλὰ νῦν οὐκ εἴμ' ἔτι E.Hec. 284
; ὡς ἂν εἶεν ἅνθρωποι might continue in being, Pl.Smp. 190c;ζώντων καὶ ὄντων Ἀθηναίων D.18.72
, cf. Arist.GC 318b25; of things, εἰ ἔστι ἀληθέως [ἡ τράπεζα] Hdt.3.17, etc.; of cities,ὄλωλεν, οὐδ' ἔτ' ἐστὶ Τροία E.Tr. 1292
, cf. Heracl. 491; δοκεῖ μοι Καρχηδόνα μὴ εἶναι censeo Carthaginem esse delendam, Plu.Cat.Ma.27; ἂν ᾖ τὸ στράτευμα be in existence, D.8.17; of money, to be in hand,τῶν ὄντων χρημάτων καὶ τῶν προσιόντων IG12.91.25
; τὰ ὄντα property, Pl.Grg. 511a, Plu.Ant.24, etc.; τὸ ἐσόμενον ἐκ .. future revenue from.., BCH46.420 (Olymos, i B. C.); of place, τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν the local church, Act.Ap.13.1; of time, τοῦ ὄντος μηνός in the current month, BGU146.4, etc.; in office,ἱερέων τῶν ὄντων PPar.5.4
(ii B. C.); αἱ οὖσαι [ἐξουσίαι] the powers that be, Ep. Rom.13.1.II of the real world, be, opp. become,γίγνεται πάντα ἃ δή φαμεν εἶναι Pl.Tht. 152d
, etc.; τὸ ὄν Being, Parm.8.35, Protag.2, Pl.Ti. 27d, etc.; opp. τὸ μὴ ὄν, Gorg.Fr.3 D., etc.;οὐδὲν γίνεται ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος Epicur.Ep. 1p.5U.
;ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων ἐποίησεν αὐτὰ ὁ θεός LXX 2 Ma.7.28
; τὰ ὄντα the world of things, Heraclit.7, Emp.129.5, etc.; ὄνindecl., τῶν ὂν εἰδῶν species of Being, Plot.6.2.10.2 of circumstances, events, etc., to happen,τά τ' ἐόντα, τά τ' ἐσσόμενα, πρό τ' ἐόντα Il.1.70
;ἡ ἐσβολὴ ἔμελλεν ἔσεσθαι Th.2.13
, etc.; τῆς προδοσίας οὔσης since treachery was there, Id.4.103; ἕως ἂν ὁ πόλεμος ᾖ so long as it last, Id.1.58;αἱ σπονδαὶ ἐνιαυτὸν ἔσονται Id.4.118
; τί ἐστιν; what is it? what's the matter? Ar.Th. 193; τί οὖν ἦν τοῦτο; how came it to pass? Pl.Phd. 58a: repeated with a relat. to avoid a positive assertion, ἔστι δ' ὅπῃ νῦν ἔ. things are as they are, i.e. are ill, A.Ag.67.III be the fact or the case, διπλασίαν ἂν τὴν δύναμιν εἰκάζεσθαι ἤ ἐστιν twice as large as it really is, Th.1.10; αὐτὸ ὅ ἐστι καλόν beauty in its essence, Pl.Smp. 211c, cf. Phd. 74b; freq. in part., τὸν ἐόντα λόγον λέγειν or φαίνειν the true story, Hdt.1.95, 116; τῷ ἐόντι χρήσασθαι tell the truth, ib. 30;τὰ ὄντα ἀπαγγέλλειν Th.7.8
; σκῆψιν οὐκ οὖσαν, λόγον οὐκ ὄντα, S.El. 584, Ar.Ra. 1052; τῷ ὄντι in reality, in fact, Pl.Prt. 328d, etc.; to apply a quotation to a case in point, τῷ ὄντι κλαυσίγελως real 'smiles through tears' (with allusion to Il.6.484), X.HG7.2.9, cf. Pl. La. 196d; κατὰ τὸ ἐόν according to the fact, rightly, Hdt.1.97; πᾶν τὸ ἐόν the whole truth, Id.9.11;τοῦ ἐόντος ἀποτεύξεται Hp.VM 2
.IV folld. by the relat., οὐκ ἔστιν ὅς or ὅστις no one,οὐκ ἔσθ' ὃς.. ἀπαλάλκοι Il.22.348
;οὐκ ἔ. οὐδεὶς ὅς E.El. 903
; οὐκ ἔ. ὅτῳ, = οὐδενί, A.Pr. 293 (anap.), cf. 989: freq. in pl., εἰσὶν οἵ, = Lat. sunt qui, used exactly like ἔνιοι, Th.6.88, 7.44, Pl.Men. 77d, Grg. 503a, etc. ( εἰσί τινες οἵ .. Th.3.24); ἐστὶν ἃ χωρία, πολίσματα, Id.1.12,65;ἐστὶν ἃ εἰπεῖν Id.2.67
;ἦσαν οἵ X.An.5.2.14
; the sg. Verb is used even with masc. and fem. pl., ἐστὶν οἵ, αἵ, Hp.Fract.1, VC4, X.Cyr.2.3.16; more freq. in oblique cases,ποταμῶν ἐστὶ ὧν Hdt.7.187
;ἐστὶν ἀφ' ὧν Th.8.65
; ἐστὶ παρ' οἷς, ἐστὶν ἐν οἷς, Id.1.23, 5.25: in questions ὅστις is used, ἔστιν ἥντινα δόξαν.. ἀπεκρίνατο; Pl.Men. 85b: with relat. Particles, ἐστὶν ἔνθα, = Lat. est ubi, X.Cyr.7.4.15, etc.; ἐ. ὅπῃ, ἔσθ' ὅπου, somehow, somewhere, Pl.Prt. 331d, A.Eu. 517, S.OT 448, etc.; in questions expecting a neg. answer, ἐ. ὁπόθεν, ὅπως; Pl.Phlb. 35a, R. 493e, etc.;οὐ γάρ ἐσθ' ὅπως Pi.Fr.61
, cf. Hdt.7.102, A.Ag. 620; οὐκ ἔ. ὅπως οὐ in any case, necessarily, Ar. Pax 188;οὐκ ἔ. ὡς Pl. Men. 76e
, etc.; ἐ. ὅτε, ἔσθ' ὅτε, sometimes, Pi.Fr.180.2, S.Aj.56, Th. 7.21, etc.V ἦν is sts. used with pl. masc. and fem., usu. at the beginning of a sentence, there was,τῆς δ' ἦν τρεῖς κεφαλαί Hes.Th. 321
; (but inἦν δ' ἐρῳδιοί τε πολλοί Epich.46
, cf. 59, al., it may be taken as [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3pl.); (lyr.); ἦν ἄρα κἀκεῖνοι ταλακάρδιοι Epigr. ap. Aeschin.3.184; less freq.ἔστι, ἔστι δὲ μεταξὺ.. ἑπτὰ στάδιοι Hdt.1.26
, cf. 7.34;ἔστι.. ἄρχοντές τε καὶ δῆμος Pl.R. 463a
; before dual Nouns, Ar.V.58, Pl.Grg. 500d.VI ἔστι impers., c. inf., it is possible,ἔστι γὰρ ἀμφοτέροισιν ὀνείδεα μυθήσασθαι Il.20.246
;ἔστι μὲν εὕδειν, ἔστι δὲ τερπομένοισιν ἀκούειν Od. 15.392
; εἴ τί πού ἐστι (sc. πιθέσθαι) 4.193;τοιάδε.. ἐστὶν ἀκοῦσαι A. Pr. 1055
(anap.);ἔστι τεκμήρια ὁρᾶν X.An.3.2.13
, cf. Ar.Ra. 1163, Aeschin.3.105, D.18.272, Arist.Ath.53.6, etc.; so in imper., opt., and subj.,ἔστω ἀποφέρεσθαι τῷ βουλομένῳ IG12.10.7
;μυρία ἂν εἴη λέγειν Pl.Plt. 271e
;ὅπως ἂν ᾖ δρᾶν IG2.1054.91
: more freq. in neg. clauses, Il.6.267, etc.; folld. by ὥστε c. inf., S.Ph. 656: c. acc. et inf.,ἁδόντα δ' εἴη με τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ὁμιλεῖν Pi.P.2.96
;ἔστιν ἐκπεσεῖν ἀρχῆς Δία A.Pr. 757
: sts. not impers. in this sense,θάλασσα δ' οὐκέτ' ἦν ἰδεῖν Id.Pers. 419
.b ἔστω in argument, let it be granted,ἔστω τοῦτο ἀληθὲς εἶναι D.H.Comp.25
;ἔστω σοι τοῦθ' οὕτως Plu.2.987b
; Chr.74.24.B most freq., to be, the Copula connecting the predicate with the Subject, both being in the same case: hence, signify, import,τὸ γὰρ εἴρειν λέγειν ἐστίν Pl.Cra. 398d
; esp. in the phrase τοῦτ' ἔστι, hoc est;Σκαιόλαν, ὅπερ ἐστὶ Λαϊόν Plu.Publ.17
: with numerals, τὰ δὶς πέντε δέκα ἐστίν twice five are ten, X.Mem.4.4.7; εἶναί τις or τι, to be somebody, something, be of some consequence, v. τις; οὐδὲν εἶναι Pl.R. 562d, etc.2 periphr. with the Participle to represent the finite Verb: with [tense] pf. part. once in Hom., τετληότες εἰμέν, for τετλήκαμεν, Il.5.873; so in Trag. and [dialect] Att., ἦν τεθνηκώς, for ἐτεθνήκει, A. Ag. 869; ἔσται δεδορκώς ib. 1179;εἰμὶ γεγώς S.Aj. 1299
;πεφυκός ἐστι Ar.Av. 1473
;δεδρακότες εἰσίν Th.3.68
;κατακεκονότες ἔσεσθε X.An.7.6.36
: with [tense] aor. part., once in Hom.,βλήμενος ἦν Il.4.211
; so προδείσας εἰμί, οὐ σιωπήσας ἔσει; S.OT90, 1146, cf. A.Supp. 460: with [tense] pres. part.,ἦν προκείμενον Id.Pers. 371
;φεύγων Ὀρέστης ἐστίν Id.Ch. 136
;εἴην οὐκ ἂν εὖ φρονῶν S.Aj. 1330
; τί δ' ἐστί.. φέρον; Id.OT 991, cf. 274, 708;λέγων ἐστίν τις E.Hec. 1179
;ἦν τίς σ' ὑβρίζων Id.HF 313
;πόρρω ἤδη εἶ πορευόμενος Pl.Ly. 204b
;βαδίζων εἰμί Ar.Ra. 36
; freq. in Hdt.,ἦσαν ἱέντες 1.57
, al.; evenεἰσὶ διάφοροι ἐόντες 3.49
(s.v.l.):— if the Art. is joined with the Part., the noun is made emphatic, Κᾶρές εἰσι οἱ καταδέξαντες the persons who showed her were Carians, Id.1.171;αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ μαρτυρῶν A.Eu. 798
;δόλος ἦν ὁ φράσας S.El. 197
(anap.).C εἶναι is freq. modified in sense by the addition of Advbs., or the cases of Nouns without or with Preps.:I εἶναι with Advbs., where the Adv. often merely represents a Noun and stands as the predicate,ἅλις δέ οἱ ἦσαν ἄρουραι Il.14.122
, etc.; ἀκέων, ἀκήν εἶναι, to be silent, 4.22, Od.2.82;σῖγα πᾶς ἔστω λεώς E.Hec. 532
;διαγνῶναι χαλεπῶς ἦν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον Il.7.424
; ἀσφαλέως ἡ κομιδὴ ἔσται will go on safely, Hdt.4.134; ἐγγύς, πόρρω εἶναι, Th.6.88, Pl.Prt. 356e: freq. impers. with words implying good or ill fortune, Κουρήτεσσι κακῶς ἦν it fared ill with them, Il.9.551;εὖ γὰρ ἔσται E.Med.89
, cf. Ar.Pl. 1188, etc.;ἡδέως ἂν αὐτοῖς εἴη D.59.30
.II c. gen., to express descent or extraction,πατρὸς δ' εἴμ' ἀγαθοῖο Il.21.109
;αἵματός εἰς ἀγαθοῖο Od. 4.611
, cf. Hdt.3.71, Th.2.71, etc.;πόλεως μεγίστης εἶ X.An.7.3.19
.b to express the material of which a thing is made, ἡ κρηπίς ἐστι λίθων μεγάλων consists of.., Hdt.1.93; τῆς πόλιος ἐούσης δύο φαρσέων ib. 186; τοιούτων ἔργων ἐστὶ ἡ τυραννίς is made up of.., Id.5.92.ή, etc.c to express the class to which a person or thing belongs, εἶ γὰρ τῶν φίλων you are one of them, Ar.Pl. 345;ἐτύγχανε βουλῆς ὤν Th.3.70
; ;Κριτίας τῶν τριάκοντα ὤν X.Mem.1.2.31
; ἔστι τῶν αἰσχρῶν it is in the class of disgraceful things, i. e. it is disgraceful, D.2.2.d to express that a thing belongs to another,Τροίαν Ἀχαιῶν οὖσαν A.Ag. 269
;τὸ πεδίον ἦν μέν κοτε Χορασμίων Hdt.3.117
, etc.: hence, to be of the party of,ἦσαν.. τινὲς μὲν φιλίππου, τινὲς δὲ τοῦ βελτίστου D.9.56
, cf. 37.53; to be de pendent upon, S.Ant. 737, etc.; to be at the mercy of,ἔστι τοῦ λέγοντος, ἢν φόβους λέγῃ Id.OT 917
.e to express one's duty, business, custom, nature, and the like , οὔτοι γυναικός ἐστι 'tis not a woman's part, A.Ag. 940;τὸ ἐπιτιμᾶν παντὸς εἶναι D.1.16
; τὸ δὲ ναυτικὸν τέχνης ἐστίν is matter of art, requires art, Th.1.142, cf.83.f in LXX, to be occupied about,ἦσαν τοῦ θύειν 2 Ch.30.17
; ἔσεσθαι, c. gen., to be about to,ἐσόμεθα τοῦ σῶσαί σε 2 Ki.10.11
.2 with two dats., σφίσι τε καὶ Ἀθηναίοισι εἶναι οὐδὲν πρῆγμα that they and the Athenians have nothing to do one with another, Hdt.5.84;μηδὲν εἶναι σοὶ καὶ φιλίππῳ πρᾶγμα D.18.283
; more shortly, σοί τε καὶ τούτοισι πρήγμασι τί ἐστι; Hdt.5.33; τί τῷ νόμῳ καὶ τῇ βασάνῳ; D.29.36; τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί; Lat. quid tecum est mihi? Ev.Marc.5.7, etc.; also ἐμοὶ οὐδὲν πρὸς τοὺς τοιούτους (sc. ἐστίν) Isoc.4.12; ; ἔσται αὐτῳ πρὸς τὸν θεόν, in tomb inscriptions, JHS18.113, etc.3 with ἄσμενος, βουλόμενος, etc., added, ἐμοὶ δέ κεν ἀσμένῳ εἴη 'twould be to my delight, Il.14.108;οὐκ ἂν σφίσι βουλομένοις εἶναι Th.7.35
;προσδεχομένῳ Id.6.46
; (lyr.); .IV with Preps., εἶναι ἀπό τινος, = εἶναί τινος (supr. 11.a), X.Mem.1.6.9;εἰσὶν ἀπ' ἐναντίων αὗται πραγμάτων Pl.Phlb. 12d
; but εἶναι ἀπ' οἴκου to be away from.., Th.1.99.2 εἶναι ἔκ τινος to be sprung from, εἴμ' ἐκ Παιονίης, Μυρμιδόνων ἔξ εἰμι, Il.21.154, 24.397, etc.; ἔστιν ἐξ ἀνάγκης it is of necessity, i. e. necessary, Pl.Sph. 256d.3 εἶναι ἐν .. to be in a certain state,ἐν εὐπαθείῃσι Hdt.1.22
; ἐν ἀθυμία, etc., Th.6.46, etc.;ἐν ταραχαῖς D.18.218
; εἶναι ἐν ἀξιώματι to be in esteem, Th.1.130; οἱ ἐν τέλεϊ ἐόντες those in office, Hdt.3.18, etc.; but εἶναι ἐν τέχνῃ, ἐν φιλοσοφία to be engaged in.., S.OT 562, Pl.Phd. 59a.b ἐν σοί ἐστι it depends on thee, Hdt.6.109, S.Ph. 963;ἐν σοὶ γάρ ἐσμεν Id.OT 314
; so also , X.Cyr.1.6.2, etc.4 εἶναι διά .., much like εἶναι ἐν .., εἶναι διὰ φόβου, = φοβεῖσθαι, Th.6.34; εἶναι δι' ὄχλου, = ὀχληρὸν εἶναι, Id.1.73;εἶναι διὰ μόχθων X.Cyr.1.6.25
; εἶναι δι' αἰτίας, = αἰτιᾶσθαι, D.H.1.70; Geom., pass through,διὰ τᾶς ἑτέρας διαμέτρου ἐόντος τοῦ ἐπιπέδου Archim.Con.Sph.20
.5 εἶναι ἐφ' ἑαυτῆς to be by oneself, D.25.23; εἶναι ἐπὶ ὀνόματος to bear a name, Id.39.21; εἶναι ἐπὶ τοῖς πράγμασιν to be engaged in.., Id.2.12; εἶναι ἐπί τινα to be against him, Id.6.33; εἶναι ἐφ' ἑξήκοντα στάδια to reach sixty stadia, X.An.4.6.11; εἶναι ἐπὶ τὰς ἁφάς pass through the points of contact, Apollon. Perg.Con.4.1; εἶναι ἐπί τινι, v. supr. 3 b.6 εἶναι πρός τινος to be in one's favour, Th.4.10,29, etc.; to suit, X.An. 1.2.11, etc.; εἶναι πρός τινι engaged in, Pl.Phd. 84c, Philostr.VA5.31; πρὸς τοῖς ἰδίοις mind one's own affairs, Arist.Pol. 1309a6, Ath.16.3;εἶναι πρὸς τὸ κωλύειν Plb.1.26.3
; πρὸς τὸ πονεῖν Telesp.46 H.;εἶναι περί τι X.An.3.5.7
, etc.7 εἶναι παρά τινι or τινα, = παρειναι, Id.Cyr.6.2.15, Hdt.8.140.ά (s.v.l.).8 εἶναι ὑπό τινα or τινι to be subject to.., X.HG5.2.17 (s.v.l.), 6.2.4.9 περὶ τούτων ἐστίν that is the question, Men.Epit.30.10 εἶναι ἀπό .., in Geom., to be constructed upon, Archim.Sph.Cyl.2.9, Con.Sph.7.D ἐστί is very freq. omitted, mostly in the [tense] pres. ind. before certain predicates, as ἀνάγκη, ἄξιον, δυνατόν, εἰκός, ἕτοιμον, οἷόν τε, ῥᾴδιον, χρεών, etc., and after the neut. of Verbals in - τέος, and such forms as θαυμαστὸν ὅσον: less freq. with other persons and moods, εἰμί omitted, S.OT92, Aj. 813; εἶ, Od.4.206; ἐσμέν, S.Ant. 634; ἐστέ, Od.10.463; εἰσί, S.OT 499 (lyr.), IG2.778 B; subj. ᾖ, Il.14.376, E.Hipp. 659, Antipho 5.32; opt. εἴη, IG22.1183.12; [tense] impf. ἦν, ib.2.778 B; [tense] fut. ἔσονται, Od.14.394.E the Inf. freq. seems redundant,1 in phrases implying power or will to do a thing, ἑκὼν εἶναι (v. ἑκών)κατὰ δύναμιν εἶναι Is.2.32
;εἰς δύναμιν εἶναι Pl.Plt. 300c
; τὸ ἐπ' ἐκείνοις εἶναι, quantum in illis esset, Th.8.48, X.HG3.5.9, cf. Lys.13.58;τὸ ἐπὶ σφᾶς εἶναι Th.4.28
;τὸ κατὰ τοῦτον εἶναι X.An.1.6.9
;κατὰ τοῦτο εἶναι Pl.Prt. 317a
; τὸ τήμερον, τὸ νῦν εἶναι, Id.Cra. 396e, La. 201c, Theopomp. Com.98, Decr. ap. Arist.Ath.31.2, etc.2 after Verbs of naming or choosing, ;σύμμαχόν μιν εἵλοντο εἶναι Hdt.8.134
; of giving,δῶκε ξεινήϊον εἶναι Il. 11.20
.F [tense] impf. ἦνissts. used where other languages take the [tense] pres.,1 after ἄρα, to express a fact which is and has always been the same, δέρμα δὲ ἀνθρώπου.. ἦν ἄρα σχεδὸν δερμάτων πάντων λαμπρότατον human skin then it appears is.., Hdt.4.64;Κύπρις οὐκ ἄρ' ἦν θεός E. Hipp. 359
; ὡς ἄρ' ἦσθ' ἐμὸς πατὴρ ὀρθῶς ib. 1169;ἦ πολύμοχθον ἄρ' ἦν γένος.. ἁμερίων Id.IA 1330
;ἦ στωμύλος ἦσθα Theoc.5.79
; so also when there is reference to a past thought, τουτὶ τί ἦν; what is this? Ar.Ach. 157, cf. Pl.Cra. 387c: so in the Aristotelian formula τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι (APo.82b38, al.), used to express the essential nature of a thing, where τί ἦν (for ἐστί) takes the place of the dat. in such phrases as τὸ ἀγαθῷ εἶναι, τὸ μεγέθει εἶναι, APr.67b12, de An.429b10.G ἐγώ εἰμι, in LXX, pleonastic forἐγώ, ἐγώ εἰμι οὐχ ἥμαρτον Jd. 11.27
, cf. 6.18; alsoἔσται πᾶς ἀποκτενεῖ με Ge.4.14
. -
37 θνῄσκω
Aθνείσκ- IG 2.4040b
; [ἀποθν]ήισκειν Pl.Phdr.
in PPetr.1p.18 (iii B.C.), butθνήσκω Did.
ap. EM452.29, freq. in codd.), [dialect] Aeol. [full] θναίσκω Hdn.Gr.2.79, [dialect] Dor. [full] θνᾴσκω Sammelb.6754.22 (iii B.C.): [tense] fut.θᾰνοῦμαι Simon.85.9
, S.Ant. 462, etc.; [dialect] Ep. inf.- έεσθαι Il.4.12
; laterθνήξομαι AP9.354
(Leon.), Polyaen.5.2.22 codd.: [tense] aor. 2 ἔθᾰνον, [dialect] Ep.θάνον Od.11.412
, al.; inf. [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. θανέειν, as always in Hom., exc. Il.7.52,θανέμεν Pi.P.4.72
: [tense] pf.τέθνηκα Il.18.12
, etc.; subj.τεθνήκω Th.8.74
: [tense] plpf.ἐτεθνήκειν Antipho 5.70
, Lys.19.48; [ per.] 3pl.- ήκεσαν And.1.52
: short forms of [tense] pf., [ per.] 3 dualτέθνᾰτον X.An.4.1.19
, [ per.] 1pl. , [ per.] 3pl.τεθνᾶσι Il.22.52
, etc.; [ per.] 3pl. [tense] plpf. , And.1.59, X.HG6.4.16; imper.τέθνᾰθι Il.22.365
,τεθνάτω 15.496
, IG12.10, Pl. Lg. 933e, etc.; opt.τεθναίην Il.18.98
, etc.; inf. τεθνάναι [ᾰ] Semon. 3, Hdt.1.31, Ar.Ra. 1012, Pl.Com.68, Th.8.92, etc., τεθνᾶναι dub.l. in Mimn.2.10, A.Ag. 539; [dialect] Ep. τεθνάμεναι, -άμεν, Il.24.225, 15.497, etc.; [dialect] Aeol.τεθνάκην Sapph.2.15
; part.τεθνεώς Hdt.9.120
, Ar.Av. 476, etc., fem.τεθνεῶσα Lys.31.22
, D.40.27 (τεθνηκυῖα Hippon.29
, E. Or. 109), neut.τεθνεός Hdt.1.112
, Hp.Nat.Mul.32 (, pl. ); gen. τεθνεῶτος, etc., Hdt.5.68, etc. (once in Hom., dat.τεθνεῶτι Od.19.331
); poet. τεθνεότος Archel. ap. Antig. Mir.89, Q.S.7.65; [dialect] Dor.τεθνᾰότα Pi.N.10.74
; [dialect] Ep. τεθνηώς (v.l. -ειώς) Il.17.161,- ηυῖα Od.4.734
, ([etym.] κατα-) 11.141; gen.τεθνηῶτος Il.9.633
, etc.; alsoτεθνηότος 17.435
, Od.15.23, al. [ τεθνεῶτι is trisyll. Od.19.331, (hex.): disyll. forms are written in later Gr., nom. ([place name] Argilus); gen. sg. (Cyzicus, i A.D.); dat. sg. Papers of the Amer. School3.334
(Pisid.); fem. τεθνώσῃ (and gen. pl. τεθνήτων) Ath.Mitt. 50.134 ([place name] Macedonia); acc. pl. fem.τεθνώσας Babr.45.9
]: from τέθνηκα arose [tense] fut. , A.Ag. 1279 (censured as archaic by Luc.Sol.7), laterτεθνήξομαι Diogenian.Epicur.1.28
, 3.52, Luc.Pisc. 10, Ael.NA2.46; part.τεθνηξόμενος Lib.Ep.438.7
.—The simple Verb is regularly used in early Prose in [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf.; for [tense] pres., [tense] fut., and [tense] aor. the compd. ἀποθνῄσκω is substituted: θνῄσκει v.l. in Hp. Mul.1.9,σάρκες θνῄσκουσι Art.69
,ἔθνῃσκον Th.2.47
, al., θνῃσκόντων ib.53, ,θνῄσκομεν Epicur.Ep.1p.20U.
: [tense] aor. part. θανών, subj. θάνῃ, IG12(5).593.2,20,23 (Iulis, v B.C.), Berl.Sitzb. 1927.166 ([place name] Cyrene), Phld.Herc.1649.4: [tense] aor. inf. θανεῖν ib.1418.13:—in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf., die, as well of natural as of violent death; in [tense] aor. and [tense] pf., to be dead (cf. τί τοὺς θανὅντας οὐκ ἐᾷς τεθνηκέναι; Eup.12.3 D.; ),θανεῖν καὶ πότμον ἐπισπεῖν Il.7.52
, etc.; ζωὸς ἠὲ θανών alive or dead, Od.4.553, cf. 15.350;ἦ ἤδη τέθνηκε 4.834
; , cf. 7.46;τεθνάναι κρεῖττον ἤ.. D.9.65
, cf. 10.25;ἄξιος τεθνάναι Ar.Ra. 1012
, etc.; τεθνάτω let him be put to death, IG12.10.29; ἄτιμος τεθ. Lex ap.D.9.44: freq. in part.,νέκυος πέρι τεθνηῶτος Il.18.173
; νεκρὸν.. τεθνηῶτα a dead corpse, Od.12.10; οἱ τεθνηκότες, οἱ θανόντες, the dead, E.Hec. 278, Eup. l.c., etc.;οὔτε τεθνεῶτα οὔτε ζῶντα Hdt.4.14
; οἴχεται θανών (v. οἴχομαι) ; θανὼν φροῦδος (v. φροῦδος); θανόντι συνθανεῖν S.Tr. 798
,Fr. 953, cf. E.Supp. 1007(lyr.); ὁ θανών, opp. ὁ κτανών, S. Ph. 336: [tense] pres. with [tense] pf. sense, θνῄσκουσι γάρ, for τεθνήκασι, Id.OT 118, cf. E.Hec. 695 (lyr.),Ba. 1041 (lyr.), etc.2 used like a pass. Verb, χερσὶν ὑπ' Αἴαντος θανέειν to fall by his hand, Il.15.289;θ. ὑπό τινος Pl.Ep. 329c
, Arist.HA 625a16;ἔκ τινος Pi.P.4.72
, S.OT 1454; πρός τινος ib. 292, E.Hec. 773;θεοῖς τέθνηκε S.Aj. 970
: freq. c. dat. instrumenti, θ. χερί, δορί, Id.OC 1388, A.Th. 959(lyr.);φαρμάκοισι E. Fk.464
; also ; τεθνάναι τῷ δέει, τ. τῷ φόβῳ, c. acc., to be in mortal fear of, D.4.45, 19.81, cf. Arr.An.7.9.4;προοίμιον σκοτεινὸν καὶ τεθνηκὸς δειλίᾳ Aeschin.2.34
; θ. ἐπί τινι to die leaving one as heir, Luc.DMort.7.1.II metaph., of things, perish,θνᾴσκει σιγαθὲν καλὸν ἔργον Pi.Fr. 121
;ἐσλῶν ὑπὸ χαρμάτων πῆμα θνᾴσκει.. δαμασθέν Id.O.2.19
;λόγοι θνῄσκοντες μάτην A.Ch. 846
;θ. πίστις S. OC 611
;τὸ τρύβλιον τέθνηκέ μοι Ar.Ra. 986
(lyr.): in Prose,τέθνηκε τὸ τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας μισεῖν D.19.289
;τεθνηκός τι φθέγξασθαι D.C.40.54
;τεθνηκὸς ὁρᾶν Callistr.Stat.14
; τὸ τεθνηκὸς ὁ λίθος ὑπεδύετο ib.2. -
38 καθάρειος
A cleanly, neat, tidy,τοὺς καθαρείους περὶ ὄψιν, περὶ ἀμπεχόνην, περὶ ὅλον τὸν βίον Arist.Rh. 1381b1
: - ιώτατόν (v.l. -ειότατόν) ἐστιτὸ ζῷον (i.e. the bee) Id.HA 626a24;καθάρειοι ταῖς διαίταις D.S.5.33
( καθάριοι codd.); οἱ καθαρειότεροι decent, respectable men, Phld.Rh.2.150S., Hierocl. p.63A. (-ριώτ-, -ρώτ- codd., em. Meineke); of things,ἐὰν ἡ σκευασία καθάρ<ε>ιος ᾖ Men.Phasm.Fr.2
; καθαριώτερα (or - ειότερα)ὅπλα Plb. 11.9.5
; τὸ κ., daintiness, of food, Plu.2.663c; κ. ἄρτος white bread, Sammelb. 5730 (iv/v A.D., sg.), PMag.Lond.46.230 (pl.); βίος, δίαιτα καθάρειος, refined, Ath.3.74d, Carm.Aur.35; ( καθαρά codd.). Adv. - είως cleanly, tidily,ἐγχέουσιν X.Cyr.1.3.8
, cf. Posidon.15J., Dsc.1.44; neatly,κ. εἰργασμένος Ph.Bel.76.27
; clearly,ὑποδεῖξαι Plb.15.5.5
; also, frugally,μὴ πολυτελῶς, ἀλλὰ καθαρείως Eub.110.1
, Ephipp.15.3, Nicostr.6.2;ἔχειν καθαρ<ε>ίως ἐγχελύδιον Amphis35
;μονοτροφοῦντες καθαρίως καὶ λιτῶς Str.3.3.6
; irreproachably, ἀναστραφεὶς ἀνδρήως καὶ καθαρήως (sic) AJA17.31 (Sardes, i B.C.).II Gramm. of language, pure, correct, ὄνομα Sch.Ar.Ach. 244; οἱ κ. purists, Archig. ap. Gal.8.578. [- ειος is written in Phld.Rh. l.c. ([comp] Comp.), PSI3.158.50 ([comp] Comp., iii A.D.), Phld.D.3.8, PMag.Lond. l.c., and required by metre in Eub., Nicostr., Carm.Aur., Il.cc.: - ιος never.] - ειότης, later [full] καθᾰριότης, ητος, ἡ, cleanliness, neatness, Hdt.2.37, X.Mem.2.1.22; purity,διαφέρει ἡ ὄψις ἁφῆς καθαρειότητι Arist.EN 1176a1
, cf. 1177a26;τοῦ ἀέρος Thphr.Sens.48
; purity of language, Plu.Lyc.21, S.E. M.1.176.3 elegance, refinement, τῇ κ. Κυπρίους.. [ὑπερέβαλε] Duris 10J.; opp. περιεργία, Plu.2.693b, cf. 142a, Crass.3; opp. λιτότης, Hierocl. in CA17p.457M.; also, simplicity, frugality,τῆς διαίτης Plu.2.644c
; economy of movement in a surgeon's hand, ib.67e.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καθάρειος
-
39 καθύπερθε
καθύπερθε [pron. full] [ῠ], poet. before a vowel [suff] καθύπερ-θεν (also v.l. in Th.5.59, S. El. 1090 (lyr.)); [dialect] Ion. [full] κατύπερθε: Adv.:—A from above, down from above,δεινὸν δὲ λόφος κ. ἔνευεν Il.3.337
, cf. 22.196, Od.12.442, etc.;κ. μελαθρόφιν 8.279
;ἐκ μὲν τοῦ πεδίου.., κ. δέ.. Th.5.59
, cf.IG12.398: c. gen., .2 atop, above, opp. ὑπένερθε, Od.10.353; κ. ἐπιρρέει floats atop, Il.2.754;κ. τῶν ὅπλων τοῦ τόνου Hdt.7.36
; of geographical position,Λέσβος ἄνω.., καὶ Φρυγίη καθύπερθε Il.24.545
: c. gen., καθύπερθε Χίοιο above, i.e. north of, Chios, Od.3.170: in Prose, (Abu Simbel, vi B. C.); ἡ Χώρη ἡ κ. Hdt.4.8;ἡ κ. ὁδός Id.1.104
, etc.; τὰ κ. the upper country, i.e. farther inland,τὰ κ. τῆς λίμνης Id.2.5
; τὰ κ. τῆς θηριώδεος ib.32;τοῖσι κ. Ἀσσυρίων οἰκημένοισι Id.1.194
.3 above, having the upper hand of, κ. γενέσθαι τινός, prop., of a wrestler who falls atop of his opponent, ib.67, 8.60.γ; κ. Χερὶ πλούτῳ τε τῶν ἐχθρῶν S.El.
l.c. (lyr.); also, of affairs,ἐλογίζετο.. κ. οἱ τὰ πρήγματα ἔσεσθαι τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν Hdt.8.136
;κακοὶ δ' ἀγαθῶν καθύπερθεν Thgn.679
; μόχθου κ. superior to misery, unconquered by it, Pi.P.9.31; alsoκ. ἤ.. Hdt.8.75
.II of Time, before, c. gen., Id.5.28.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καθύπερθε
-
40 μέν
μέν, Particle, used partly to express certainty on the part of the speaker or writer; partly, and more commonly, to point out that the word or clause with which it stands is correlative to another word or clause that is to follow, the latter word or clause being introduced by δέ.AI μέν used absolutely to express certainty, not followed by correlative δέ, indeed, of a truth, synonymous with μήν, as appears from the [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. form ἦ μέν in protestations and oaths (where [dialect] Att. used ἦ μήν), καί μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μ. μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν Il.1.77
, cf. 14.275;ἦ μέν τοι τάδε πάντα τελείεται Od.14.160
, cf. Il.24.416;τοῦτον ἐξορκοῖ, ἦ μέν οἱ διηκονήσειν Hdt.4.154
, cf. 5.93, etc.: with neg.,οὐ μὲν γάρ τι κακὸν βασιλευέμεν Od.1.392
, etc.;ὤμοσα, μὴ μὲν.. ἀναφῆναι 4.254
, cf. Hdt.2.118, 179;ἔξαρνος ἦν, μὴ μὲν ἀποκτεῖναι Id.3.67
, cf. 99: without neg., : also in Trag., , cf. 159 (anap.), OC44, E.Med. 676, 1129, etc.;καὶ μέν Il.1.269
, 9.632, etc.; οὐδὲ μὲν οὐδὲ .. 2.703, 12.212; γε μέν, cf. γε 1.5.2 an answering clause with δέ is sts. implied, τὴν μὲν ἐγὼ σπουδῇ δάμνημ' ἐπέεσσι her can I hardly subdue, [ but all others easily], Il.5.893; ὡς μὲν λέγουσι as indeed they say, [ but as I believe not], E.Or. 8; καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἦν αὐτῷ πόλεμος (with no ἔπειτα δέ to follow), X. An.1.9.14; so νῦν μέν σ' ἀφήσω I will let you go this time, Herod.5.81: to give force to assertions made by a person respecting himself, wherein opposition to other persons is implied,ὡς μὲν ἐμῷ θυμῷ δοκεῖ Od. 13.154
; δοκεῖν μέν μοι ἥξει τήμερον [τὸ πλοῖον] Pl.Cri. 43d: hence with the pers. Pron.,ἐγὼ μέν νυν θεοῖσι ἔχω χάριν Hdt.1.71
; ἐγὼ μὲν οὐδέν (sc. θέλω) S.Ant. 498;ἐμοῦ μὲν οὐχ ἑκόντος Id.Aj. 455
;ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ οἶδα X.Cyr.1.4.12
, cf. 4.2.45, etc.: with the demonstr. Pron., : generally, to emphasize the preceding word, πολλὴ μὲν ἡ μεταβολή μοι γέγονεν great indeed has been the change, Is.1.1, cf. Simon.5.1, etc.3 μέν is used alone in questions, when the answer is assumed, I take it, θέμις μὲν ἡμᾶς χρησμὸν εἰδέναι θεοῦ; E.Med. 676, cf. Ion 520 (troch.), Hipp. 316, S.Ant. 634, Ar.Av. 1214; Ἕλλην μέν ἐστι καὶ Ἑλληνίζει; Pl.Men. 82b.II μέν folld. by δέ in the correlative clause or clauses, on the one hand, on the other hand; commonly in Classical Gr., less freq. in later Gr. (rare in NT):1 μέν.., δέ .. (or when the correlative clause is neg., μέν.., οὐδέ .., Il.1.318, 536), to mark opposition, Hom., etc.—The opposed clauses commonly stand together, but are freq. separated by clauses, parenthetic or explanatory; e.g. μέν in Il.2.494 is answered by δέ in 511, 527 sq.; in X.An.1.9.2, πρῶτον μέν is answered by ἐπεὶ δέ in <*> 6; in Id.Mem.1.1.2, πρῶτον μέν is answered by θαυμαστὸν δέ in 1.2.1.2 to connect a series of clauses containing different matter, though with no opposition, Il.1.18sq., 306 sq. (five δέ-clauses), 433 sq. (eight δέ-clauses), cf. X.An. 1.3.14,7.10sq.: freq. when the members of a group or class are distinctly specified, παῖδες δύο, πρεσβύτερος μὲν Ἀρταξέρξης, νεώτερος δὲ Κῦρος ib.1.1.1; τάφρος.., τὸ μὲν εὖρος ὀργυιαὶ πέντε, τὸ δὲ βάθος ὀργυιαὶ τρεῖς ib.1.7.14; πρῶτος μέν.., δεύτερος δέ.., τρίτος δέ .. ib.5.6.9; τότε μέν.., τότε δέ .., at one time.., at another.., ib.6.1.9, etc.: esp. with the Art. used as a Pron., ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ.. ; τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ .., etc.3 the principal word is freq. repeated,οἳ περὶ μὲν βουλὴν Δαναῶν, περὶ δ' ἐστὲ μάχεσθαι Il.1.258
, cf. 288, Od.15.70;ἔνι μὲν φιλότης, ἐν δ' ἵμερος, ἐν δ' ὀαριστύς Il.14.216
;Ξέρξης μὲν ἄγαγεν.., Ξέρξης δ' ἀπώλεσεν A.Pers. 550
, cf. 560, 694, 700 (all lyr.);χαλεπαίνει μὲν πρῳρεύς, χαλεπαίνει δὲ κυβερνήτης X.An.5.8.20
.4 one of the correlative clauses is sts. independent, while the other takes the part. or some other dependent form, ἐβλασφήμει κατ' ἐμοῦ.., μάρτυρα μὲν.. οὐδένα παρασχόμενος.., παρεκελεύετο δέ .. D.57.11;οἱ ἀμφὶ βασιλέα, πεζοὶ μὲν οὐκέτι, τῶν δὲ ἱππέων ὁ λόφος ἐνεπλήσθη X.An.1.10.12
, cf. 2.1.7, 5.6.29; , cf. OC 522 (bothlyr.);χωρὶς μὲν τοῦ ἐστερῆσθαι.., ἔτι δὲ καὶ.. δόξω ἀμελῆσαι Pl.Cri.44
b.5 μέν and δέ freq. oppose two clauses, whereof one is subordinate to the other in meaning or emphasis, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνο θαυμάζω, εἰ Λακεδαιμονίοις μέν ποτε.. ἀντήρατε,.. νυνὶ δὲ ὀκνεῖτ' ἐξιέναι (for εἰ.. ἀντάραντες νυνὶ ὀκνεῖτε) D.2.24, cf. E.IT 116, Lys.34.11, X.Mem.2.7.11, etc.: so in an anacoluthon, τρία μὲν ὄντα.. ναυτικά.., τούτων δ' εἰ περιόψεσθε τὰ δύο, κτλ., Th.1.36.6 μέν is not always answered by δέ, but freq. by other equiv. Particles, as ἀλλά, Il.1.22 sq., 2.703 sq., Pi.O.9.1, A.Pers. 176, X.An.1.7.17:—by μέντοι, Hdt.1.36, S.Ph. 350, D.21.189, etc.:—by ἀτάρ, Il.6.84, 124, A.Pr. 342, S.OT 1051sq., Pl. Tht. 172c, etc. (so μέν.., αὐτάρ in [dialect] Ep., Il.1.50, Od.19.513, etc.):— by αὖ, Il.11.108, Od.4.210:—by αὖθις, S.Ant. 165:—by αὖτε, Il.1.234, Od.22.5:—by temporal Particles, πρῶτα μέν.., εἶτα .. S.El. 261; πρῶτον μέν.., μετὰ τοῦτο .. X.An.6.1.5-7; μάλιστα μὲν δὴ.., ἔπειτα μέντοι .. S.Ph. 350, cf. OT 647:—rarely by μήν with neg.,οὐδὲν μὴν κωλύει Pl.Phdr. 268e
;οὐ μὴν αὐταί γε Id.Phlb. 12d
.b when the opposition is emphatic, δέ is sts. strengthd., as ὅμως δέ .. S.OT 785, Ph. 473, 1074, etc. (so ); δ' αὖ .. Il.4.415, X.An.1.10.5; δ' ἔμπης .. Il.1.561-2.c μέν is sts. answered by a copul. Particle, κάρτιστοι μὲν ἔσαν καὶ καρτίστοις ἐμάχοντο ib. 267, cf. 459, Od. 22.475, S.Aj.1, Tr. 689, E.Med. 125 (anap.), etc.: rarely in Prose,τρία μὲν ἔτη ἀντεῖχον.., καὶ οὐ πρότερον ἐνέδοσαν Th.2.65
(dub.).B μέν before other Particles:I where each Particle retains its force,2μὲν γάρ S.OT62
, Th.1.142, etc.:— in Hom. there is freq. no second clause, Od.1.173, 392, cf. S.OT 1062, etc.;μὲν γὰρ δή Il.11.825
;μὲν γάρ τε 17.727
.3 μέν γε, when a general statement is explained in detail,Κορινθίοις μέν γε ἔνσπονδοί ἐστε Th.1.40
, cf. 70, 6.86, Hdt.6.46, Antipho 5.14, Lys. 13.27, Is.4.8, Ar.Nu. 1382, V. 564, E.Fr.909.4.4μὲν δή Il.1.514
, Hdt.1.32, etc.: freq. used to express positive certainty,ἀλλ' οἶσθα μὲν δή S. Tr. 627
, cf. OT 294;τὰ μὲν δὴ τόξ' ἔχεις Id.Ph. 1308
; esp. as a conclusion,τοῦτο μὲν δὴ.. ὁμολογεῖται Pl.Grg. 470b
, cf. X.Cyr.1.1.6, etc.: in closing a statement,τοιαῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα A.Pr. 500
, etc.: used in answers to convey full assent, ἦ μὲν δή (cf. supr. A) Il.9.348, Od.4.33;καὶ μὲν δή.. γε Pl.R. 409b
; οὐ μὲν δή, to deny positively, Il.8.238, X.Cyr.1.6.9, Pl.Tht. 148e, etc.;οὐ μὲν δή.. γε X.An.2.2.3
, 3.2.14; ἀλλ' οὔ τι μὲν δή .. Pl.Tht. 187a.5 μὲν οὖν, v. infr.11.2.II where the Particles combine so as to form a new sense,1 μέν γε at all events, at any rate (not in Trag.),τοῦτο μέν γ' ἤδη σαφές Ar.Ach. 154
, cf. Nu. 1172, Lys. 1165, Ra.80, Th.3.39;μέν γέ που Pl.R. 559b
, Tht. 147a.2 μὲν οὖν is freq. used with a corresponding δέ, so that each Particle retains its force, Od.4.780, Pi.O.1.111, S.OT 244, 843; Ph. 359, D.2.5, etc.: but freq. also abs., so then, S.Ant.65;ταῦτα μὲν οὖν παραλείψω D.2.3
; esp. in replies, sts. in strong affirmation,παντάπασι μὲν οὖν Pl.Tht. 158d
; κομιδῇ μὲν οὖν ib. 159e; πάνυ μὲν οὖν ib. 159b; ἀνάγκη μὲν οὖν ib. 189e; also to substitute a new statement so as to correct a preceding statement, nay rather, κακοδαίμων; Answ. βαρυδαίμων μὲν οὖν! Ar.Ec. 1102; μου πρὸς τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀποψῶ wipe your nose on my head: Answ. ἐμοῦ μὲν οὖν .. nay on mine, Id.Eq. 911, cf. A.Pers. 1032 (lyr.), Ag. 1090 (lyr.), 1396, S.Aj. 1363, El. 1503, OT 705, Ar.Ra. 241, Pl.Cri. 44b, Grg. 466a, 470b, Prt. 309d, etc.; alsoμὲν οὖν δή S.Tr. 153
;καὶ δὴ μὲν οὖν Id.OC31
; cf. οὐμενοῦν: in NT μενοῦν and μενοῦνγε, to begin a sentence, yea rather, Ev.Luc.11.28, Ep.Rom.9.20, etc., cf. Phryn.322, Hsch.—In [dialect] Ion., μέν νυν is used for μὲν οὖν, Hdt.1.18, 4.145, etc.3 by μέν τε, if δέ τε follows, the two clauses are more closely combined than by τε.., τε .., Il.5.139, al.; μέν τε is freq. answered by δέ alone, 16.28, al.; by ἀλλά, αὐτάρ, 17.727, Od.1.215, al.; perh. by ἠδέ, Il.4.341:— Hom. also uses μέν τε abs., when τε loses its force, as after ἦ, τίς, etc., Il.2.145, al.4 μέν τοι in Hom. always occurs in speeches, where τοι can be regarded as the dat. of the Pron.: later, μέντοι is written as a single word, and is used:a with a conj. force, yet, nevertheless, A.Pr. 320, 1054 (anap.), S.Tr. 413, etc.; and sts. stands for δέ, answering to μέν, v. supr. A.11.6 a.b as an Adv., in strong protestations, οὐ μέντοι μὰ Δία .. D.4.49; in eager or positive assent, of course, φαμέν τι εἶναι .. ; Answ.φαμὲν μέντοι νὴ Δία Pl.Phd. 65d
, al.: with a neg. to give emphasis to a question, οὐ σὺ μέντοι .. ; why, are you not.. ? Id.Prt. 309a, cf. Phdr. 229b, R. 339b, etc.: sts. to express impatience, ὄμνυμι γάρ σοι—τίνα μέντοι, τίνα θεῶν; Id.Phdr. 236d; τί μ. πρῶτον ἦν, τί πρῶτον ἦν; nay what was the first? Ar.Nu. 787;οὗτος, σὲ λέγω μ. Id.Ra. 171
; σὺ μέντοι .. Luc.Alex.44: with imper., to enforce the command, τουτὶ μ. σὺ φυλάττου only take heed.., Ar. Pax 1100, cf.Av. 661, X.An.1.4.8: in answers, γελοῖον μέντἂν εἴη nay it would be absurd, Pl.Tht. 158e; summing up a long temporal clause, And.1.130.cμέντοι γε X.Cyr.5.5.24
, etc.;οὐ μ. γε Diog.Apoll.5
: in later Gr. μέντοιγε stands first in the sentence,μ. οὐ θέλω PLond.3.897.13
(i A.D.); also , S.OT 778, 1292, E.Hec. 600;ὅμως γε μ. Ar.Ra.61
.d καὶ μ. καί is used to add a point to be noted, Heraclit.28, Pl.R. 331d; also καί.. μ., νῦν σοι καιρός ἐστιν ἐπιδείξασθαι τὴν παιδείαν, καὶ φυλάξασθαι μέντοι .. and of course to take care.., X.An.4.6.15 (v.l.), cf. 1.8.20, Pl.Prt. 339c, Tht. 143a.e ἀλλὰ μέντοι well, if it comes to that, X.An.4.6.16; well, of course, Pl.R. 331e, etc.; cf. μέντον.D Position of μέν. Like δέ, it usu. stands as the second word in a sentence. But when a sentence begins with words common to its subordinate clauses, μέν stands second in the first of these clauses, asἥδε γὰρ γυνὴ δούλη μέν, εἴρηκεν δ' ἐλεύθερον λόγον S.Tr.63
; οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐτάξαντο μέν.., ἡσύχαζον δέ .. Th.4.73, cf. 113, etc. It also attaches itself to words which mark opposition, as πρῶτον μέν, τότε μέν, ἐγὼ μέν, even when these do not stand first: sts. however it precedes them,ὡς μὲν ἐγὼ οἶμαι Pl.Phdr. 228b
;ὡς μέν τινες ἔφασαν X.Cyr.5.2.28
. It generally stands between the Art. and Noun, or the Prep. and its Case: but if special stress is laid on the Noun, this is sts. neglected, asοἱ Τεγεᾶται μὲν ἐπηυλίσαντο, Μαντινῆς δὲ ἀπεχώρησαν Th.4.134
; ἀνὰ τὸ σκοτεινὸν μέν .. Id.3.22; alsoτῇ σῇ μὲν εὐδαιμονίῃ, τῇ ἐμεωυτοῦ δὲ κακοδαιμονίῃ Hdt. 1.87
.II μέν is freq. repeated:1 when, besides the opposition of two main clauses, a subordinate opposition is introduced into the first, ὁ μὲν ἀνὴρ τοιαῦτα μὲν πεποίηκε τοιαῦτα δὲ λέγει, ὑμῶν δέ .. X.An.1.6.9, cf. 5.8.24, Th.8.104, D.18.214, 23.208.2 in apodosi with the demonstr. Pron. or Adv., τὸν μὲν καλέουσι θέρος, τοῦτον μὲν προσκυνέουσι, τὸν δὲ χειμῶνα .. Hdt.2.121; ὅσοι μὲν δὴ νομοῦ τοῦ Θηβαίου εἰσί, οὗτοι μέν [νυν].. αἶγας θύουσι· ὅσοι δὲ.. νομοῦ τοῦ Μενδησίου εἰσί, οὗτοι δὲ.. ὄϊς θύουσι ib.42, cf.3.108, al.; ὅτε μέν με οἱ ἄρχοντες ἔταττον.., τότε μὲν ἔμενον.., τοῦ δὲ θεοῦ τάττοντος,.. ἐνταῦθα δέ .. Pl.Ap. 28e, cf. Grg. 512a.3 μέν used absolutely is freq. folld. by a correlativeμέν, εἰ μὲν οὖν ἡμεῖς μὲν.. ποιοῦμεν Id.R. 421a
.III μέν is sts. omitted (esp. in Poetry) where it is implied in the followingδέ, φεύγων, ὁ δ' ὄπισθε διώκων Il.22.157
;ἐλευθεροῦτε πατρίδ', ἐλευθεροῦτε δὲ παῖδας A. Pers. 403
;σφραγῖδε.. χρυσοῦν ἔχουσα τὸν δακτύλιον, ἡ δ' ἑτέρα ἀργυροῦν IG22.1388.45
, cf. Ar.Nu. 396, Pl.Sph. 221e, Arist.Po. 1447b14, etc.
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