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  • 1 τίς

    τίς, τί gen. τίνος, dat. τίνι, acc. τίνα, τί (Hom.+) interrogative pron. in direct, indirect and rhetorical questions (W-S. §25, 1ff; B-D-F §298f, al.; Rob. 735–40 al.)
    ① an interrogative ref. to someone or someth., who? which (one)? what?
    ⓐ as subst.
    α. τίς;
    א. who? which one? τίς ὑπέδειξεν ὑμῖν; Mt 3:7; Lk 3:7. τίς ἐστιν ὁ παίσας σε; Mt 26:68 (FNeirynck, ETL 63, 5–47; RBrown, The Death of the Messiah ’94, II 578–80). τίνος υἱός ἐστιν; whose son is he? 22:42b. τίνα λέγουσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι εἶναι τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου; 16:13. Cp. Mk 11:28; 12:16; 16:3; Lk 9:9, 18; J 18:4, 7 (cp. Jos., Ant. 9, 56). τίς σοφὸς … ἐν ὑμῖν; Js 3:13. τίς οὖν ἐστιν; who, then, is she? Hs 2, 4, 1.—Esp. in questions to which the answer ‘nobody’ is expected Ac 8:33 (Is 53:8); Ro 7:24; 8:24, 33–35; 9:19b; 10:16 (Is 53:1); 11:34ab (Is 40:13ab); 1 Cor 9:7abc; 2 Cor 11:29ab. Likew. τίς … εἰ μή; who … except (for), but? Mk 2:7; Lk 5:21b; 1J 2:22; 5:5 (PsSol. 5:3, 11). Pl. ὑμεῖς δὲ τίνες ἐστέ; Ac 19:15. Cp. 2 Ti 3:14; Hb 3:16–18; Rv 7:13.—Foll. by partitive gen. (JosAs 6:7 [τίς … ἀνθρώπων;]; Ar. 9, 5; Tat. 2, 1) τίς τούτων τῶν τριῶν; Lk 10:36. τίνος ὑμῶν υἱός; 14:5. τίνι τῶν ἀγγέλων; Hb 1:5. τίνα τῶν προφητῶν; Ac 7:52. Cp. Mt 22:28; Mk 12:23; Hb 1:13 al. For the part. gen. τίς ἐξ ὑμῶν; etc. Mt 6:27; Lk 11:5; 14:28.—Mt 21:31. τίνα ἀπὸ τῶν δύο; Mt 27:21.
    ב. who? in the sense what sort of person? (=ποῖος; cp. Ex 3:11; Jdth 12:14; Jos., Ant. 6, 298; Ath. 12, 2) τίς ἐστιν οὗτος ὸ̔ς λαλεῖ βλασφημίας; Lk 5:21a. Cp. 19:3; J 8:53; Ac 11:17 (cp. 4 Km 8:13); Ro 14:4; 1 Cor 3:5ab v.l. (in both); Js 4:12. σὺ τίς εἶ; (just) who are you? what sort of person are you? (Menand., Epitr. 391 S. [215 Kö.]; Epict. 3, 1, 22; 23; Herm. Wr. 1, 2; Job 35:2; Tat. 6, 2 τίς ἤμην, οὐκ ἐγίνωσκον) J 1:19; 8:25; 21:12. τίς εἰμι ἐγὼ ὅτι who am I, that GJs 12:2 (Ex 3:11).
    ג. which of two? (=πότερος) Mt 27:17; Lk 22:27; J 9:2.
    ד. as a substitute for the rel. pron. (Callimachus 28 [=30], 2; Ptolemaeus Euergetes in Athen. 10, 438e τίνι ἡ τύχη δίδωσι, λαβέτω. Cp. BGU 665 III, 13 [I A.D.]; 822, 4 [III A.D.] εὗρον γεοργόν, τίς αὐτὰ ἑλκύσῃ; Gen 38:25; Lev 21:17; Dt 29:17; s. 1aβו below and s. Kühner-G. II 517f; OImmisch, Leipz. Studien z. klass. Philol. 10, 1887, 309ff; KBuresch, RhM n.s. 46, 1891, 231ff; Mlt. 21 n. 1; 93f; Rob. 737f; Dssm., LO 266, 5 [CIG 9552—LAE 313, 6]; Mayser II/1, 1926, 80) τίνα με ὑπονοεῖτε εἶναι οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐγώ Ac 13:25 v.l. So also Js 3:13, if it is to be punctuated τίς σοφὸς ἐν ὑμῖν, δειξάτω.
    β. τί;
    א. what? τί σοι δοκεῖ; Mt 17:25a; cp. 18:12; 21:28. τί ποιήσει; vs. 40. Cp. Mk 9:33; 10:3, 17; Lk 10:26; J 1:22b; 18:38; Ac 8:36; Ro 10:8; 1 Cor 4:7b al. τίνι; to what (thing)? Lk 13:18ab; 20.—W. prepositions: διὰ τί; why? for what reason? cp. διά B 2b. εἰς τί; why? for what purpose? εἰς 4f. ἐν τίνι; with what? through whom? Mt 5:13; 12:27; Mk 9:50; Lk 11:19; 14:34; Ac 4:9. πρὸς τί; why? (X., Cyr. 6, 3, 20; 8, 4, 21) J 13:28. χάριν τίνος; why? lit. ‘because of what thing?’ 1J 3:12 (cp. Just., A II, 12, 5; Tat. 34, 3).
    ב. what sort of thing? (=ποῖον) τί ἐστιν τοῦτο; what sort of thing is this? (Ps.-Lucian, Halc. 1 τίς ἡ φωνή; Ex 16:15) Mk 1:27. τί τὸ πλοῦτος what sort of wealth Col 1:27; cp. Eph 1:19; 3:18.
    ג. which of two? (=πότερον; Pla., Phlb. 52d) Mt 9:5; 23:19; Mk 2:9; Lk 5:23; 1 Cor 4:21; Phil 1:22.
    ד. τί as pred. can go w. a subject that is in the pl. (Pla., Tht. 155c τί ἐστι ταῦτα; [so also TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 16=Stone p. 30, and TestLevi 2:9 v.l.]; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 11, 1; Synes., Prov. 2, 2 p. 118b; Laud. Therap. 18 τί μοι ταῦτα; cp. TestAbr A 7 p. 83, 32 [Stone p. 14] τί τὰ ὁραθέντα; GrBar 2:7 τί εἰσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι οὗτοι; what’s the meaning of these people? Jos., Vi. 296 τί γεγόνασιν;) or that is not neut. gender (B-D-F §299, 1; 2; Rob. 736; cp. X., Hell. 2, 3, 17 τί ἔσοιτο ἡ πολιτεία, Mem. 4, 2, 21; GrBar 6:13 τί ἐστιν ἡ φωνὴ αὕτη; ApcMos 5 τί ἐστιν πόνος καὶ νόσος;): τί ἐστι ἄνθρωπος; (Epict. 2, 5, 26; 2, 9, 2) Hb 2:6 (Ps 8:5). ταῦτα τί ἐστιν εἰς τοσούτους; J 6:9. ἐπυνθάνετο τί ἂν εἴη ταῦτα Lk 15:26. τί ἐσόμεθα 1J 3:2. τί ἄρα ὁ Πέτρος ἐγένετο what had become of Peter Ac 12:18. οὗτος δὲ τί (ἔσται); what about this man? J 21:21. This pass. forms a transition to
    ה. elliptical expressions: τί οὐν; (X., Mem. 4, 2, 17; Teles p. 25, 13; Diod S 13, 26, 1; Ael. Aristid. 28, 17 K.=49 p. 496 D.; schol. on Pind., O. 12, 20c; Jos., Bell. 2, 364; Just., D. 3, 6; Ath. 15, 1.—1 Cor 14:15, 26 the expr. is given more fully τί οὖν ἐστιν; Ro 6:1; 7:7; 9:14, 30 τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν; 1 Cor 10:19 τί οὖν φημι;) J 1:21; Ro 3:9; 6:15 (Seneca, Ep. 47, 15 also introduces an absurd inference w. ‘quid ergo’); 11:7.—τί γάρ; what, then, is the situation? (Ps.-Pla., Erx. 1, 392b; Diod S 34 + 35 Fgm. 2, 38; Dio Chrys. 71 [21], 16; Lucian, Tyrannic. 13; Just., D. 1, 3) Ro 3:3; what does it matter? Phil 1:18. Also τί γάρ μοι (TestJob 23:8 τί γάρ μοι ἡ θρίξ) w. inf. foll. is it any business of mine? (Tat. 33, 2 τί γάρ μοι … λέγειν why should I take the time … to say something?—cp. without γάρ Epict. 2, 17, 14 καὶ τί μοι; 3, 22, 66 τί οὖν σοι; Maximus Tyr. 2, 10c) 1 Cor 5:12.—On τί πρὸς ἡμᾶς (πρός σε); s. πρός 3eγ. On τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί; s. ἐγώ, end; also Schwyzer II 143; Goodsp., Probs. 98–101; MSmith, JBL 64, ’45, 512f; JLilly, CBQ 8, ’46, 52–57. τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοί; has the same mng.: Mt 8:29; Mk 1:24a; Lk 4:34a (cp. Epict. 2, 19, 16; 2, 20, 11).—τί ὅτι;=τί γέγονεν ὅτι; (cp. J 14:22) what has happened that? why? (LXX; JosAs 16:5 τί ὅτι εἶπας … ;) Mk 2:16 v.l.; Lk 2:49; Ac 5:4, 9; Hs 9, 5, 2.—On ἵνα τί s. the entry ἱνατί.
    ו. as a substitute for the relative (SIG 543, 12; 705, 56; 736, 50; s. aαד above) οὐ τί ἐγὼ θέλω ἀλλὰ τί σύ Mk 14:36. Cp. 4:24; Lk 17:8; Ac 13:25. Pl. 1 Ti 1:7.—οὐκ ἔχουσιν τί φάγωσιν Mt 15:32; Mk 8:2 (cp. vs. 1) is prob. to be understood as an indirect question=‘they do not know what they are to eat’ (W-S. §24, 17b).
    γ. Two interrog. pronouns stand together without a conjunction (distributive; s. Kühner-G. II 521f; B-D-F §298, 5; Rob. 737) τίς τί ἄρῃ what each one should receive Mk 15:24. τίς τί διεπραγματεύσατο what each one gained in trading Lk 19:15 v.l. Cp. Hv 3, 8, 6; m 6, 1, 1 (s. also Ael. Aristid. 31 p. 598 D.: τί τίς ἂν λέγοι; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 2, 33).
    ⓑ as adj. (TestAbr A 15 p. 96, 15 [Stone p. 40] τί ῥῆμα γενήσεται; TestJob 47:1 τίς οὖν χρεία; ApcEsdr 5:26 p. 30, 30 Tdf. τίς ἄρα ἄνθρωπος; Just., A I, 53, 2 al.) τίνα what (sort of) μισθὸν ἔχετε; Mt 5:46. τίς βασιλεύς; Lk 14:31. Cp. 15:4, 8; J 2:18; 18:29; Ac 10:29; 1 Cor 15:2; 2 Cor 6:14–16 (five times). 1 Th 4:2 οἰδατε γὰρ τίνα παραγγελία for you know what instructions (we gave you). In Ac 7:49 τί replaces ποῖο (as read by D, after Is 66:1); cp. 1 Pt 1:11, where τί and the following ποῖο are contrasted. τί περισσόν; etc.: Mt 5:47; 19:16; 27:23.
    ② interrogative expression of reason for, why? adv. τί (Hom., Pla., et al.; LXX; TestAbr A 8 p. 85, 23 [Stone p. 18]; B 7 p. 111, 4 [St. p. 70]; ApcEsdr 5:16 p. 30, 15 Tdf.; ApcSed 3:1; ApcMos 27; Just., A I, 20, 3; Tat. 10, 2; Ath. 17, 4) τί μεριμνᾶτε; why do you worry? Mt 6:28. Cp. 7:3; 19:17; Mk 2:7a, 8; 4:40; 11:3; Lk 2:48; 6:46; 19:33; 24:38a; J 7:19; 18:23; Ac 1:11; 14:15; 26:8; 1 Cor 4:7c; 10:30; Col 2:20. τί τοῦτο ἐποίησας; GJs 13:2; 15:3 (GrBar 1:2 τί ἐποίησας τοῦτο;). τί οὖν ὁ νόμος; why have the law, then=well then, what’s the use of the (Mosaic) law? Gal 3:19. τί καί; why, indeed? for what possible reason? 1 Cor 15:29b, 30. τί γινώσκω ποῦ ἐστιν ὁ υἱός μου; how should I know where my son is? GJs 23:1.
    ③ exclamatory expression of extent or degree, how! adv. τί (transl. of Hebr. מָה; W-S. §21, 4; B-D-F §299, 4; Rob. 739; 1176; LXX [Ps 3:2; SSol 1:10; 7:7; 2 Km 6:20]; Basilius, Hexaëm. p. 8b MPG τί καλὴ ἡ τάξις [s. JTrunk, De Basilio Magno sermonis Attici imitatore: Wissensch. Beilage z. Jahresber. d. Gymn. Ehingen a. D. 1911, 36]) τί στενή Mt 7:14; τί θέλω Lk 12:49 (s. θέλω 1, end, and Black, Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 121–24).—M-M. EDNT.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > τίς

  • 2 τίς

    B Interrog. Pron. τίς, Elean and [dialect] Lacon. τίρ (q.v.), τί:—gen. [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion.

    τέο Il.2.225

    , Herod.8.1, etc., or

    τεῦ Od.15.509

    , Hdt.5.106, etc.; Trag. and [dialect] Att.

    τοῦ A.Pr. 614

    , Ar.Nu. 1223, etc.; [dialect] Ion., Trag., and [dialect] Att.

    τίνος Simon.154

    , Hdt.6.80, A.Pr. 563 (anap.), S.Aj. 892, Ar Ach. 588, etc.; dat. [dialect] Ion.

    τέῳ Hdt.1.11

    , al. (as fem., 4.155); no dat. in Hom. or Hes.; Trag. and [dialect] Att.

    τῷ S.Ant. 401

    , D.19.60, etc.; [dialect] Aeol.

    τίῳ Sapph.104

    ; τίνι first in Pi.N.7.57, A.Pers. 715 (troch.), S.OT10, Ar. Ach. 919, Hdt.3.38, Th.1.80, D.20.115, etc.; acc.

    τίνα Il.5.703

    , etc.; neut.

    τί 1.362

    , etc.: dual τίνε (elided) Ar.Av. 107: pl.. nom.

    τίνες Od. 1.172

    , etc.; neut.

    τίνα Pl.Phd. 102a

    , Aeschin.2.81, Hipparch.1.1.4, Gem.17.12, Ep.Hebr.5.12; gen. [dialect] Ep.

    τέων Il.24.387

    , Od.20.192, and as monosyll. 6.119, 13.200; Trag. and [dialect] Att.

    τίνων S.El. 1476

    , OC 2, Ar.Nu. 1089, etc.; dat. τίσι first in S.OT 1126, Ar.Ra. 1455, Pl.R. 332d, etc. (no dat. in Hom. or Hes.); also

    τοῖσι S.Tr. 984

     (anap.); [dialect] Ion.

    τέοισι Hdt.1.37

    , cf. 2.82 (v.l. ὁτέοισι); [dialect] Aeol.

    τίοισι Sapph.168

    ; acc.

    τίνας S.OC 115

    , Ar.Av. 370 (troch.); neut.

    τίνα Arr.Epict.1.30.3

    ; [dialect] Boeot. τά Pi.O.1.82 (Adv.); Megar.

    σά Ar.Ach. 757

    , 784 (Adv.): of the pl. Hom. uses only nom. τίνες with gen. τέων; ποῖος (what? which?) is sts. preferred (esp. in neut. pl.) to the Adj. τίς, e.g. τὰ ποῖα ταῦτα χρήματα; Ar.Nu. 1270, cf. 1337, Th. 621, Pl.Cra. 391e, 395d, 406d; v. ποῖος 1.3 and IV:
    I in direct questions, who? which? neut. what? which? ὦ ξεῖνοι, τίνες ἐστέ; Od.9.252; τί νύ μοι μήκιστα γένηται; 5.299; τίς δαίμων τόδε πῆμα προσήγαγε; 17.446; τίς ἀχώ, τίς ὀδμὰ προσέπτα μ' ἀφεγγής; A.Pr. 115 (lyr.), cf. 561 (anap.), etc.; properly at the beginning of the sentence; but this position may be varied,
    b for emphasis, ἃ δ' ἐννέπεις, κλύουσα τοῦ λέγεις; S.OC 412, cf. El. 1191; πόλις τε ἀφισταμένη τίς πω.. τούτῳ ἐπεχείρησε; Th.3.45; esp. when the Verb begins the sentence, δράσεις δὲ δὴ τί; E.HF 1246; ἦλθες δὲ κατὰ τί; Ar.Nu. 239; διαφέρει δὲ τί; D.18.205.--The person freq. follows in gen. pl., as τίς θεῶν; Il.18.182, etc.; and of things or conditions, τί is freq. with the genit. sg., of all genders, πρὸς τί χρείας; S.OT 1174; ἐλπίδων ἐς τί; Id.OC 1749 codd. (lyr.);

    κἀνήρετ' ἐν τῷ πράγματος κυροῖ ποτε Id.Aj. 314

    , etc.
    2 sts. as the predicate, τίς ὀνομάζεται; what is he named? E.Ph. 123; so also may be expld. the union of τίς with a demonstr. or possess. Pron., or with a Noun preceded by the Art., τί τοῦτ' ἔλεξας; S.Ph. 1173 (lyr.); τί ἐστι τουτί; τίς ὁ τρόπος τοῦ τάγματος; Id.Ichn.114; also with Pron. in pl., τί ταῦτα; E.Ph. 382, Andr. 548, etc.; τί γὰρ τάδ' ἐστίν; Ar.Nu. 200; τί ποτ' ἐστίν, ἂ διανοούμεθα; Pl.Tht. 154e; τί ποτ' ἐστὶ ταῦτα; ib. 155c;

    σκεπτέον τί τὰ συμβαίνοντα Id.Grg. 508b

    ; so τί is used as predicate of a masc. or fem. subject, τί νιν προσείπω; A.Ch. 983(997); τί σοι φαίνεται ὁ νεανίσκος; Pl.Chrm. 154d:—also τίς δ' ὅδε Ναυσικάᾳ ἕπεται; who is this that follows N.? Od.6.276; τίς δ' οὗτος ἔρχεαι; Il.10.82, cf. Alc.84.1, S.El. 328, 388, Ant.7, 218, E.Hec. 501, Pl.Cri. 43c; and in the reverse order, τήνδε τίνα λεύσσω.. ; who is this I see? E.IA 821; τίνι οὖν τοιούτῳ φίλους ἂν θηρῴην; with what means of such kind.. ? X.Mem.3.11.9; τί τοσοῦτον νομίζοντες ἠδικῆσθαι; Id.Smp.4.53; τί με τὸ δεινὸν ἐργάσῃ; what is the dreadful thing which.. ? E.Ba. 492, cf. S.OC 598, 1488, etc.; τίν' ὄψιν σὴν προσδέρκομαι; what face is this I see of thine? E.Hel. 557; παρὰ τίνας τοὺς ὑμᾶς; who are 'you' to whom [I am to come]? Pl.Ly. 203b:—the Art. is exceptionally added to τίς, when it leads up to a word which requires the Art., ληφθήσει.. Πανήμου εἰκάδι· καὶ Λῴου τῇ--τίνι; τῇ δεκάτῃ on the twentieth of the month Panemus and of Loüs on the -- what day? the tenth, Call.Epigr.46:—in Com.also τὸ τί; what is that? Ar.Nu. 775, Pax 696, Av. 1039, Pl. 902, etc.; τοῦ τίνος χάριν; UPZ6.29 (ii B.C.); and with pl. Art., τὰ τί; Ar. Pax 693.
    3 with prop. names treated as appellatives (v. τις indef. 11.6b), τίς ἆρα Κύπρις ἢ τίς Ἵμερος; S.Fr. 874; τίς σε Θηρικλῆς ποτε ἔτευξε; Eub.43; τίς.. Χίμαιρα πύρπνοος; Anaxil.22.3.
    4 τίς ἂν θεῶν.. δοίη; like πῶς ἄν, would that some one.., S.OC 1100, cf. A.Ag. 1448 (lyr.).
    5 a question with τίς often amounts to a strong negation, τῶν δ' ἄλλων τίς κεν οὐνόματ' εἴποι; Il.17.260; τίς ἂν ἐξεύροι ποτ' ἄμεινον; Ar.Pl. 498; τίνες ἂν δικαιότερον.. μισοῖντο; Th.3.64, etc.
    6 sts. two questions are asked in one clause by different cases of τίς; ἡ τίσιν τί ἀποδιδοῦσα τέχνη δικαιοσύνη ἂν καλοῖτο; Pl.R. 332d;

    τί λαβόντα τί δεῖ ποιεῖν D.4.36

    :—a like doubling of the question lies in the union of τίς with other interrog. words, τίς πόθεν εἰς ( εἶς codd.) ἀνδρῶν; Od.1.170, cf. S.Tr. 421.
    7 τίς with Particles:— τίς γάρ; why who? who possibly? τίς γάρ σε θεῶν.. ἧκεν; Il.18.182; v. infr. 8 f.
    b τίς δέ; ὦ κοῦραι, τίς δ' ὔμμιν.. πωλεῖται; h.Ap. 169.
    c τίς δή; who then?

    τίς δή κεν βροτὸς.. ἅζοιτ' ἀθανάτους Thgn.747

    ; τίς δῆτα; S.Aj. 518.
    8 the usages of the neut. τί; are very various:
    a τί; alone, as a simple question, what? τί γάρ; A.Th. 336 (lyr.):—on ὅτι τί; ὅτι τί δή; ὅτι δὴ τί; v. ὅτι B. 1b; on ὡς τί; v. ὡς F.1.
    b τί τοῦτο; τί ταῦτα; v. supr. 2.
    c τί μοι; τί σοι; what is it to me? to thee? S.Ph.753, etc.; c. gen., τί μοι ἔριδος καὶ ἀρωγῆς; what have I to do with.. ? Il.21.360; τί δέ σοι ταῦτα; Ar.Lys.514, cf. Ec.521 (where the answerer repeats the question in indirect form, ὅ τί μοι τοῦτ' ἔστιν;) ; ἀλλὰ δὴ τί τοῦτ' ἐμοί; Diph.32.18; τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί; what have I to do with thee? LXX Jd.11.12, Arr.Epict.2.19.19, Ev.Jo.2.4; τί σοὶ καὶ εἰρήνῃ; LXX 4 Ki.9.18, cf. Ho.14.9; τί πρὸσσέ; M.Ant.8.44, cf.Ev.Matt.27.4; σοὶ δὲ καὶ τούτοισι τοῖσι πρήγμασι τί ἐστι; what have you to do with these matters? Hdt.5.33; τί τῷ νόμῳ καὶ τῇ βασάνῳ; D.29.36:—folld. by a clause, τί δὲ τίν, εἰ κωτίλαι εἰμές; Theoc.15.89; or with inf., τί γάρ μοι τοὺς ἔξω κρίνειν; 1 Ep.Cor.5.12:—v. εἰμί c.111.2.
    d τίμαθών; τί παθών; v. μανθάνω v,

    πάσχω 111.4

    .
    e τί; also often stands abs. as Adv. how? why? wherefore? Il.1.362, etc.; so too in [dialect] Att., Pl.Cri. 43c, etc.; δόμων γὰρ ζῶσι τῶνδε δεσπόται. Answ. τί ζῶσιν; how do you mean

    ζῶσι ζῶσι

     forsooth!

    E.Alc. 806

    ; Κιθαιρὼν--Answ. τί Κιθαιρών; what aboutK.? Id.Ba. 1177 codd., cf. 1182 (both lyr.); cf. τίη.
    f τί with Particles: - τί γάρ; why not? how else? and so it came to mean of course, no doubt, A.Ag. 1239, Ch. 880, Eu. 678, etc.; used in affirmative answers, Pl.Phdr. 258d, Tht. 209b, al.; to introduce an argument, Arist.Pol. 1281a14; v. γάρ 1.4:— τί δαί; v. δαί:— τί δέ; serving to pass on quickly to a fresh point, Pl.Hp.Ma. 288c, al.; τί δέ, εἰ.. ; but what, if.. ? E.Hel. 1043; τί δ' ἄν, εἰ.. ; Ar.Th. 773; τί δ' ἢν.. ; Id.Nu. 1444; τί δέ, εἰ μὴ.. ; what else but.. ? X.Oec.9.1, cf. S.OT 941, Ph. 421; so τί δὲ δή; τί δή; τί δή ποτε; why ever? why in the world? what do you mean? Pl.R. 470e, Grg. 469a, Sph. 241d, S.El. 1184:—so also τί δῆτα; how, pray? τί δῆτ' ἄν, εἰ.. ; Ar.Nu. 154:— ( τί μή; f.l. in S.Aj. 668):— τί μήν; i.e. yes certainly, much like τί γάρ; Pl.Tht. 162e, etc., prob. in S.Aj. 668:— τί μὴν οὔ; in reply to a question, Id.El. 1280 (lyr.):— τί νυ; why now? Il.1.414, etc.:— τί δ' οὔ; parenthetic, why not? as an affirmative answer, S.Ant. 460; τί οὐ καλοῦμεν; i.e. let us call, Ar.Lys. 1103; τί οὐ βαδίζομεν; etc., Pl.Prt. 310e, etc.:— τί οὖν; how so? making an objection, A.Th. 208; but τί οὖν ἔτ' ἂν σαίνοιμεν.. μόρον; ib. 704; τί οὖν οὐκ ἐρωτᾷς; Pl.Ly. 211d:— τί ποτε; v. τίπτε;
    g with Conjunctions following:—τί ὅτι.. ; why is it that.. ? Stratt.62 (f.l.), LXX Ge. 3.1, Ev.Luc.2.49, etc.:—with Conjunctions preceding, ἵνα τί; v. ἵνα B. 11.3 c.
    h with Preps.:— διὰ τί; wherefore? Ar.Pl. 1111, etc.:— ἐκ τίνος; from what cause? X.An.5.8.4:— ἐς τί; to what point? how long? Il.5.465; but also, to what end? S.Tr. 403, cf. OC 524 (lyr.):— κατὰ τί; for what purpose? Ar.Nu. 239:— πρὸς τί; wherefore? S.OT 766, 1027, etc.
    II τίς is sts. used for ὅστις in indirect questions,

    εἰρώτα δὴ ἔπειτα τίς εἴη καὶ πόθεν ἔλθοι Od.15.423

    , cf. 17.368;

    δεῖξον τίς ἔσται τῇ ταλαιπώρῳ χρόνος A.Pr. 623

    ; οὐδ' ἔχω τίς ἂν γενοίμαν ib. 905 (lyr.);

    οὐκ ἔχω τί φῶ Id.Ch.91

    , cf. S.OC48, etc.;

    ἐπισκεψώμεθα τίνες πέπανται σφενδόνας X.An.3.3.18

    ; εἰπὲ τίνα γνώμην ἔχεις ib.2.2.10; freq. in later Gr., where ὅστις is very rare,

    εἰς τὸ λογιστήριον γράφων.. τί ὀφείλεται PHib.1.29.42

     (iii B.C.), cf. PCair.Zen. 21.40, al. (iii B.C.); οὐθεὶς ἐσήμηνεν παρὰ τί ἂν τοῖς προστεταγμένοις.. οὐ κατηκολούθησαν nobody indicated why they should not have obeyed orders, PTeb.72.160, cf. 61 (b). 227 (ii B.C.); ὅστις and τίς are sts. combined,

    ὡς πύθοιθ' ὅ τι δρῶν ἢ τί φωνῶν ῥυσαίμην S.OT71

    , cf. A.Pr. 489 sq., 617, 623:—later with inf., τί πράττειν οὐκ ἔχω I do not know what to do, Aesop.67, cf. Ps.-Luc.Philopatr.29.
    b sts. not in indirect questions, whoever, whatever,

    αἰτοῦ τί χρῄζεις ἕν E.Fr.773.2

    ; ταῦτα οὐκ ἀπέστελλον πάντα, ἀλλ' ἐκλεγόμενοι τίνων αἱ τιμαὶ ἐπετέταντο whatever things had risen in price, D.56.24; τίνα δ' ἁ Κύπρις οὐκ ἐφίλησεν whomsoever K. has not loved, AP5.169 (Noss.); τίνι ἡ τύχη δίδωσι, λαβέτω Antiochusap.Ptol.Euerg.3 J.;

    λαμβανέτω τί θέλει AP12.219

     (Strat.);

    τὰν ὀνάλαν κίς κε γινύειτει IG 9(2).517.22

     (Larissa, iii B.C.); καὶ τί ἂν εἶ ( = ᾖ) λοιπόν ib.5(1).1390.50 (Andania, i B.C., nisi leg. καἴ τι ἂν, v. supr.A. 111.2e);

    τίς ἂν δὲ χεῖρα προσαγάγῃ Epigr.Gr.376a

     ([place name] Aezani);

    τίς σοφός, αὐτῷ προσκολλήθητι LXXSi.6.34

    ;

    οὐ τί ἐγὼ θίλω, ἀλλὰ τί σύ Ev.Marc.14.36

    ; τίς σοφίῃ πάντων πρῶτος, τούτου τρίποδ' αὐδῶ Orac. ap. D.S.9.3 et ap.D.L. 1.28 codd. (ὃς Cobet from Sch.Ar.Pl.9);

    χαῖρε καὶ σύ, τίς ποτ' εἶ IG9

     (2).953 ([place name] Larissa), cf. CIG 1982 ([place name] Thessalonica); in other places, as S.El. 1176, Tr. 339, OT 1144, E. Ion 324, this constr. cannot be admitted.
    c τίς = ὅστις after a neg., μή τίς ἐστιν ἐν ὑμῖν ἀνὴρ ἢ γυνὴ.., τίνος ἡ διάνοια ἐξέκλινεν κτλ.; LXX De.29.18.
    d = ὅς or

    ὅσπερ, τέων.. Ζεὺς ἐπὶ σαλπίγγων ἱρὰ βοῇ δέχεται Κᾶρες ὁμοῦ Λελέγεσσι Call.Aet.3.1.60

    , cf. Del. 185, Epigr.30.2, Nic.Al.2;

    Δωροθέαν, τίς τὸν ἐμὸν ἄνδρα εἶχε Tab.Defix.Aud.10.4

     (Cnidus, ii/i B.C.), cf. 5.2,8;

    τίνας ἱερεωσύνας εἶχον ἐπενεγύων SIG705.43

    , cf. 56 (Senatus consultum, Delph., ii B.C.);

    τίνα με ὑπονοεῖτε εἶναι, οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐγώ Act.Ap. 13.25

    ; τίς ἔζησεν ἔτη β who lived.., IG14.1560 ([place name] Rome), cf. 1391 (ibid.);

    εὗρον γεωργόν, τίς αὐτὰ ἑλκύσῃ BGU822.5

     (ii/iii A.D.).
    2 τίς; τί; in direct or indirect questions may be construed with a part., σὺ δὲ τίς ὢν ταῦτα λέγεις; being who, i.e. who are you that.. ? Pl.Grg. 452a;

    ἐπειρέσθαι.. τίνες ἐόντες ἄνθρωποι.. ταῦτα προαγορεύουσι Hdt.1.153

    ; καταμεμάθηκας.. τοὺς τί ποιοῦντας τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο ἀποκαλοῦσι; X.Mem.2.2.1; or in a subordinate clause, ἀλλ' ὅταν τί ποιήσωσι, νομιεῖς αὐτοὺς σοῦ φροντίζειν; ib.1.4.14; νῦν δ' ἐπειδὴ τίνος τέχνης ἐπιστήμων ἐστί, τίνα ἂν καλοῦντες αὐτὸν ὀρθῶς καλοῖμεν; Pl. Grg. 448c.
    III = πότερος; X.Cyr.1.3.17, Pl.Phlb. 52d, Ev.Matt. 27.21, Ev.Luc.5.23.
    IV τί as exclamatory Adv., how.. !

    τί ὡραιώθησαν σιαγόνες σου ὡς τρυγόνες LXX Ca.1.10

    , cf. 4.10; τί θέλω how I wish! Ev.Luc.12.49; τί στενή v.l. in Ev.Matt.7.14.
    C Prosody: τις and τίς keep [pron. full] ῐ in all cases (digamma operates in Il.6.462, etc.).
    II τί was never elided; but hiatus is allowed after τί in [dialect] Ep. τί ἢ (v. τίη), also in Com., as τί οὐ; Ar.Av. 149; τί οὖν; Id.Pl.94; τί ἔστι; Id.Nu.82, Av. 1036; τί, ὦ πάτερ; Id.Nu. 80:—a licence which is rarer in Trag., τί ἔστιν; S.Ph. 733; τί οὖν; A.Th. 208, 704, Eu. 902, S.Aj. 873 (lyr.), Ph. 100, etc.; τί εἶπας; Id.Tr. 1203, Ph. 917.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τίς

  • 3 ὅστις

    ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅ τι (Hom.+.—On the orthography of ὅ τι s. W-S. §5, 6; Mlt-H. 179); in our lit. as well as in the pap occurring usu. in the nom.
    ① any person, whoever, every one who, in a generalizing sense:
    ⓐ w. pres. ind. foll. Mt 5:39; 13:12ab; Mk 4:20; 8:34 v.l.; Lk 14:27; Gal 5:4. Pleonastically πᾶς ὅστις Mt 7:24.
    ⓑ w. the aor. ind. Ro 11:4; Rv 1:7; 20:4. πᾶς ὅστις Mt 19:29.
    ⓒ w. fut. ind. Mt 5:41; 18:4; 23:12ab; πᾶς ὅστις 10:32.
    ⓓ w. aor. subj. (ApcSed 16:5) Mt 10:33 v.l.; Js 2:10. But s. on this B-D-F §380, 4; Rob. 959; Kühner-G. II 426, 1.
    ⓔ w. ἄν (ἐάν), whereby the indefiniteness of the expr. is heightened:
    α. w. the pres. subj. J 2:5; 1 Cor 16:2; Gal 5:10; Col 3:17 (πᾶν ὅ τι ἐάν).
    β. w. the aor. subj. Mt 10:33 (s. d above); 12:50; Mk 6:23; Lk 10:35; J 14:13; 15:16; Ac 3:23.
    ② undetermined person belonging to a class or having a status, who, one who
    ⓐ to indicate that persons (or things) belong to a certain class (such a one) who ἡγούμενος, ὅστις ποιμανεῖ a leader who will shepherd Mt 2:6. εὐνοῦχοι οἵτινες 19:12abc; γεωργοὶ οἵτινες 21:41. παρθένοι, αἵτινες 25:1. τινὲς τῶν ὧδε ἑστώτων, οἵτινες 16:28; Mk 9:1. προφήτας, οἵτινες τὴν ἀπλανῆ θεοσέβειαν ἐκήρυσσον prophets who proclaimed the correct devotion to God AcPlCor 2:10.
    ⓑ to emphasize a characteristic quality, by which a preceding statement is to be confirmed who (to be sure, by his very nature), in so far as προσέχετε ἀπὸ τῶν ψευδοπροφητῶν οἵτινες ἔρχονται ἐν ἐνδύμασι προβάτων beware of the false prophets, who come in sheep’s clothing Mt 7:15. βαπτισθῆναι τούτους οἵτινες τὸ πνεῦμα ἔλαβον who (indeed) Ac 10:47. οἵτινες ἐδέξαντο τὸν λόγον in so far as they received the word 17:11. οἵτινες μετήλλαξαν since indeed they had exchanged Ro 1:25; cp. vs. 32; 2:15; 6:2. ἀσπάσασθε Mαρίαν ἥτις remember me to Mary, who certainly 16:6; cp. vss. 4, 7, 12. ψευδαδέλφους, οἵτινες παρεισῆλθον bogus members, the kind who sneaked in Gal 2:4. Cp. Phil 2:20; Eph 4:19; 1 Ti 1:4; Tit 1:11 al. in Paul (B-D-F §293, 4; Rob. 728); Hb 8:5; 10:11; 13:7; AcPlCor 2:19, 25 (condemnation of gnostics, with samples of their positions); 2:21 (an urgent warning to avoid them). Sim. Ἀβραάμ, ὅστις ἀπέθανεν who died, as you know J 8:53. φονεῖς ἐγένεσθε, οἵτινες ἐλάβετε … who, to be sure, received … Ac 7:53. σαρκικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι, αἵτινες στρατεύονται κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς 1 Pt 2:11. οἵτινες οὐκ ἔγνωσαν who, to be sure, have not learned Rv 2:24.—Yet many of the passages already mentioned may be classed under the following head (3), and some that are classed there may fit better in this one (2).
    ③ Quite oft. ὅστις takes the place of the simple rel. ὅς, ἥ, ὅ; this occurs occasionally in ancient Gk. usage (s. Hdt. 4, 8, 1 al.; Thu. 6, 3, 1; Demosth. 38, 6; 17; Kühner-G. II 399f; Schwyzer II 643 lit.), but more freq. in later Gk. (W-S. §24, 14d; B-D-F §293; Mlt. 91f; Rdm.2 75; 77; 226; Psaltes, Grammatik [Byz.] 198; POxy 110, 3; PFay 108, 7 [both II A.D.]; Mayser II/3, 57. On the LXX s. Thackeray 192; TestJob 47:1; ParJer 7:8; Just., D. 88, 1; Tat. 41, 1), esp. in Luke’s writings: to explain a word or a thing εἰς πόλιν Δαυὶδ ἥτις καλεῖται Βηθλέεμ Lk 2:4 (Hdt. 2, 99 πόλιν ἥτις νῦν Μέμφις καλέεται). τὴν χώραν τ. Γερας. ἥτις ἐστὶν ἀντιπέρα τ. Γαλιλαίας 8:26. ἄνδρες δύο … οἵτινες ἦσαν Μωϋσῆς κ. Ἠλίας 9:30. Cp. 12:1; Ac 16:12; Hb 9:2, 9; Rv 11:8. τῇ δὲ ἐπαύριον ἥτις ἐστὶν μετὰ τὴν παρασκευήν Mt 27:62 (POxy 110, 3 αὔριον ἥτις ἐστὶν ιε´). τὸν Βαραββᾶν ὅστις ἦν … βληθεὶς ἐν τῇ φυλακῇ Lk 23:19. μετὰ τῶν στασιαστῶν δεδεμένος οἵτινες … φόνον πεποιήκεισαν Mk 15:7. οἰκοδεσπότης ὅστις ἐφύτευσεν ἀμπελῶνα Mt 21:33. οἰκοδεσπότης ὅστις ἐξῆλθεν 20:1. Cp. 27:55; Lk 7:39; 8:43; Ac 8:15; 11:20, 28; 12:10; 13:43; 17:10; 21:4; 23:14, 21, 33; 24:1; 28:18; 2 Ti 2:18. βλέπειν τὴν φωνὴν ἥτις ἐλάλει Rv 1:12. τὴν γυναῖκα ἥτις ἔτεκεν 12:13.
    ④ The use of ὅ τι as an interrogative term in the NT is complicated by textual variants (s. PKatz, TLZ 82, ’57, 114; 83, ’58, 318; B-D-F §300).
    ⓐ In an indir. quest. (Just., D. 5, 1; 23, 2 λαληθήσεταί σοι ὅ τί σε δεῖ ποιεῖν Ac 9:6 is well attested, but was rejected by Blass (s. B-D-F §300, 1), though not by Rob. 730f.
    ⓑ As dir. quest. (also written ὅτι in scriptio continua: s. the vv.ll., orig. prob. glosses marking the question, Ath. 34, 1 ὅτι ἂν εἴποιμι τὰ ἀπόρρητα; For LXX s. B-D-F §300, 2) ὅτι οὗτος οὕτως λαλεῖ; why does this man/fellow speak this way? Mk 2:7 v.l. ὅτι μετὰ τῶν τελωνῶν … ἐσθίει; why does (Jesus) eat with tax-collectors? Mk 2:16b (vv.ll. τί ὅτι, διὰ τί or διατί); 9:11a, 28; ὅτι δὲ τὸ ἔριον ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον; why the wool on the wood? 8:5; ὅτι οὖν … πάντες οὐ μετενόσαν; why, then, … did they not all repent? Hs 8, 6, 2 (on debate relating to these pass. s. B-D-F §300, 2; s. also Field, Notes 33; Mlt-Turner 49; MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 119–212.—ὅτι=‘why’ in indir. questions Thu. 1, 90, 5; Jos., Ant. 6, 236; 12, 213; Gen 18:13 A; Black, 119, cites Turner, JTS 27, 1925, 58ff in support of this usage in Mk 8:16f; 14:60 v.l.; cp. B-D-F §300, 2).
    ⑤ On τὴν ἀρχὴν ὅ τι καὶ λαλῶ ὑμῖν J 8:25 s. ἀρχή 1a, end.—B-D-F §300, 2; Rob. 730.
    ⑥ The prepositional phrases ἀφʼ ὅτου (Diod S 2, 31, 9) Lk 13:25 D, ἕως ὅτου (s. ἕως 1bβב; PGen 56, 19), and μέχρις ὅτου (ἐξ ὅτου ‘ever since’ Just., D. 52, 3; s. μέχρι 2b) are fixed expressions.—HCadbury, The Relative Pronouns in Acts and Elsewhere: JBL 42, 1923, 150ff; Rydbeck, 98–118.—M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὅστις

  • 4 γάρ

    γάρ ([etym.] γε, ἄρα), causal Conj., used alone or with other Particles.
    I introducing the reason or cause of what precedes, for,

    τῷ γὰρ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη· κήδετο γ. Δαναῶν Il.1.56

    , etc.; but freq. in expl. of that wh. is implied in the preceding clause,

    πολλάων πολίων κατέλυσε κάρηνα.. τοῦ γὰρ κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον 2.118

    , etc.: hence,
    b in simple explanations, esp. after a Pronoun or demonstr. Adj.,

    ἀλλὰ τόδ' αἰνὸν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἱκάνει· Ἕκτωρ γ. ποτε φήσει 8.148

    , cf. Od.2.163; ὃ δὲ δεινότατον.. ὁ Ζεὺς γ. .. Ar.Av. 514;

    ὃ δὲ πάντων ἀδικώτατον ἔδοξε· τῶν γὰρ προγε γραμμένων ἠτίμωσε καὶ υἱούς Plu.Sull.31

    ; freq. in introducing proofs or examples, μαρτύριον δέ· Δήλου γ. καθαιρομένης .. Th.1.8; τεκμήριον δέ· οὔτε γ. Λακεδαιμόνιοι .. Id.2.39, cf. D.20.10, etc.; in full, τεκμήριον δὲ τούτου τόδε· αἱ μὲν γ. .. Hdt.2.58; παράδειγμα τόδε τοῦ λόγου· ἐκ γ. .. Th.1.2; δηλοῖ δέ μοι τόδε· πρὸ γ. .. ib.3.
    c to introduce a detailed description or narration already alluded to, ὅμως δὲ λεκτέα ἃ γιγνώσκω· ἔχει γ. [ἡ χώρα] πεδία κάλλιστα .. X.An.5.6.6, etc.
    d in answers to questions or statements challenging assent or denial, yes,.., no,.., οὔκουν.. ἀνάγκη ἐστί;—ἀνάγκη γ. οὖν, ἔφη, ay doubtless it is necessary, X.Cyr.2.1.7, cf. § 4 and 13; indicating assent,

    ἔχει γ. Pl.Phdr. 268a

    ; ἱκανὸς γ., ἔφη, συμβαίνει γ., ἔφη, Id.R. 502b, 502c,cf. Ap. 41a, etc.; οὔκουν δὴ τό γ' εἰκός.—οὐ γ.: Id.Phdr. 276c.
    2 by inversion, preceding the fact explained, since, as,

    Ἀτρεΐδη, πολλοὶ γ. τεθνᾶσιν Ἀχαιοί.. τῷ σε χρὴ πόλεμον παῦσαι Il.7.328

    ; χρόνου δὲ οὐ πολλοῦ διελθόντος ([etym.] χρῆν γ. Κανδαύλῃ γενέσθαι κακῶς) ἔλεγε πρὸς τὸν Γύγην τοιάδε, Γύγη, οὐ γ. σε δοκέω πείθεσθαι.. ([etym.] ὦτα γ. τυγχάνει κτλ.) , ποίει ὅκως .. Hdt.1.8. cf. 6.102, al.; εἶεν, σὺ γ. τούτων ἐπιστήμων, τί χρὴ ποιεῖν; Pl.Phd. 117a; the principal proposition is sts.
    b blended with the causal one, τῇ δὲ κακῶς γ. ἔδεε γενέσθαι εἶπε, i.e. ἡ δέ ([etym.] κακῶς γ. οἱ ἔδεε γενέσθαι)

    εἶπε Hdt. 9.109

    , cf. 1.24, 4.149, 200, Th.1.72, 8.30.
    c attached to the hypothet. Particle instead of being joined to the apodosis, οὐδ' εἰ γ. ἦν τὸ πρᾶγμα μὴ θεήλατον, ἀκάθαρτον ὑμᾶς εἰκὸς ἦν οὕτως ἐᾶν, i.e. οὐδὲ γ. εἰ ἦν .., S.OT 255.
    d repeated, οὐ γ. οὖν σιγήσομαι· ἔτικτε γ. .. Id.OC 980, cf. Ant. 659 sq., 1255.
    3 in elliptical phrases, where that of which γάρ gives the reason is omitted, and must be supplied,
    a freq. in Trag. dialogue and Pl., when yes or no may be supplied from the context, καὶ δῆτ' ἐτόλμας τούσδ' ὑπερβαίνειν νόμους;—οὐ γ. τί μοι Ζεὺς ἦν ὁ κηρύξας τάδε [yes], for it was not Zeus, etc., S.Ant. 450, cf. OT 102, etc.;

    καλῶς γὰρ αὐτὸς ἠγάνισαι Pl. Smp. 194a

    ; freq. in phrase ἔστι γ. οὕτω [yes], for so it is, i. e. yes certainly: λέγεταί τι καινόν; γένοιτο γ. ἄν τι καινότερον ἢ .. ; [why,] could there be.. ? D.4.10; with negs., Ar.Ra. 262 τούτῳ γ. οὐ νικήσετε [do so], yet shall ye never prevail by this means: for ἀλλὰ γ., v. infr.11.1.
    b to confirm or strengthen something said, οἵδ' οὐκέτ' εἰσί· τοῦτο γάρ σε δήξεται [I say this], for it will sting thee, E. Med. 1370: after an Exclamation,

    ὦ πόποι· ἀνάριθμα γ. φέρω πήματα S.OT 168

     (lyr.), cf. E.Hel. 857.
    c in conditional propositions, where the condition is omitted, else, οὐ γ. ἄν με ἔπεμπον πάλιν (sc. εἰ μὴ ἐπίστευον) X.An.7.6.33; γίνεται γ. ἡ κοινωνία συμμαχία for in that case, Arist.Pol. 1280b8.
    4 in abrupt questions, why, what, τίς γ. σε θεῶν ἐμοὶ ἄγγελον ἧκεν; why who hath sent thee? Il.18.182; πῶς γ. νῦν.. εὕδουσι; 10.424; πατροκτονοῦσα γ. ξυνοικήσεις ἐμοί; what, wilt thou.. ? A.Ch. 909: generally, after interrog. Particles, ἦ γ. .. ; what, was it.. ? S.OT 1000, 1039, etc.; τί γ.; quid enim? i. e. it must be so, Id.OC 539, 542, 547, etc.; τί γ. δή ποτε; D.21.44; also πῶς γ.; πῶς γ. οὔ;, v. πῶς.
    5 to strengthen a wish, c. opt., κακῶς γ. ἐξόλοιο O that you might perish ! E.Cyc. 261; cf. αἴ, εἰ, εἴθε, πῶς.
    II joined with other Particles:
    1 ἀλλὰ γ. where γάρ gives the reason of a clause to be supplied between ἀλλά and itself, as ἀλλ' ἐν γὰρ Τρώων πεδίῳ .. but [far otherwise], for.., Il.15.739; ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἥκουσ' αἵδ' ἐπὶ πρᾶγος πικρόν but [hush], for.., A.Th. 861; ἀλλ' οὐ γ. σ' ἐθέλω .. but [look out] for.., Il.7.242; in full,

    ἀλλ' οὐ γάρ σφιν ἐφαίνετο κέρδιον εἶναι μαίεσθαι προτ έρω, τοὶ μὲν πάλιν αὖτις ἔβαινον Od.14.355

    ;

    ἀλλ', οὐ γ. ἔπειθε, διδοῖ τὸ φᾶρος Hdt.9.109

    .
    2 γ. ἄρα for indeed, Pl.Prt. 315d, Smp. 205b.
    3 γ. δή for of course, for you know, Il.2.301,23.607, Hdt.1.34, 114, etc.; φάμεν γ. δή yes certainly we say so, Pl.Tht. 187e, cf. 164d;

    οὐ γ. δή S.Ant.46

    , etc.
    4

    γ. νυ Od.14.359

    .
    5 γ. οὖν for indeed, to confirm or explain, Il.15.232, Hdt.5.34, S.Ant. 489, 771, etc.; φησὶ γ. οὖν yes of course he says so, Pl.Tht. 170a;

    γ. οὖν δή Id.Prm. 148c

    , etc.; οὐ γ. οὖν ib. 134b; cf. τοιγαροῦν.
    6 γ. που for I suppose, esp. with negs., Id.R. 381c, Phd. 62d, etc.;

    οὐ γ. δήπου Id.Prt. 309c

    .
    7 γ. ῥα, = γὰρ ἄρα, Il.1.113, al.
    8 γ. τε, 23.156; also

    τε γ. D.19.159

    , Arist.Pol. 1333a2, al.
    9 γ. τοι for surely.., E.Hel.93, Supp. 564, etc.;

    οὐ γ. τοι Od.21.172

    , etc.; cf. τοιγάρτοι.
    B POSITION: γάρ prop. stands after the first word in a clause, but in Pocts it freq. stands third or fourth, when the preceding words are closely connected, as ὁ μὲν γὰρ .. S.Aj. 764; χἠ ναῦς γὰρ .. Id.Ph. 527; τό τ' εἰκαθεῖν γὰρ .. Id.Ant. 1096; τὸ μὴ θέμις γὰρ .. A.Ch. 641, cf. 753: also in Prose, τὸ κατ' ἀξίαν γὰρ .. Arist. EN 1163b11: sts. for metrical reasons, where there is no such connexion, as third (A.Ag.222.729, S.Ph. 219 (all lyr.)), fourth (Ar.Av. 1545); in later Com. fifth (Men.462.2); sixth (Antiph.26.22); seventh (Men.Epit. 531, Pk. 170, Athenio 1.5); once sixth in S.,

    καιρὸς καὶ πλοῦς ὅδ' ἐπείγει γὰρ κατὰ πρύμναν Ph. 1451

    .
    2 inserted before the demonstr. -ί, as νυνγαρί for νυνὶ γάρ; cf. νυνί.
    C QUANTITY: γάρ is sts. long in Hom. metri gr.,

    θήσειν γὰρ ἔτ' ἔμελλεν Il.2.39

    ;

    φωνῆς γὰρ ἤκουσα h.Cer.57

    .—In [dialect] Att. always short: Ar.Eq. 366, V. 217, Lys.20 are corrupt.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > γάρ

  • 5 μέλλω

    μέλλω, [tense] impf. ἔμελλον and ἤμελλον (v. infr.), [dialect] Ep.
    A

    μέλλον Il.17.278

    , Od.1.232, 9.378, B.12.164; [dialect] Ep., [dialect] Ion.

    μέλλεσκον Theoc.25.240

    , Mosch.2.109: [tense] fut.

    μελλήσω D.6.15

    , Ev.Matt.24.6: [tense] aor.

    ἐμέλλησα Th.3.55

    , X.HG5.4.65, etc., and ἠμ- (v. infr.):—[voice] Pass. and [voice] Med., v. infr. v.—Only [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. in Hom., Hes., Lyr., and Trag.: [tense] aor. only in Prose (exc. Thgn., v. infr.): the [tense] impf. ἤμελλον with long augm. is established by the metre in Hes.Th. 898, Thgn.906, Ar.Ec. 597, Ra. 1038 (both anap.), A.R.1.1309 (cf. Sch. ad loc.), Call.Del. 58: [tense] aor. 1

    ἠμέλλησα Thgn.259

    ; ἤμελλον is not found in earlier [dialect] Att. Inscrr., but occurs in Pap., as PPetr.2p.146 (iii B. C.), Phld.Rh.1.145 S. (but

    ἔμελλον Hyp.Ath.7

    , Arist.Ath.25.3).
    I to be destined or likely to, indicating an estimated certainty or strong probability in the present, past, or future (cf. Aristonic. ap. Sch.Il.10.326, 11.817, 16.46,al.): a. c. [tense] pres. inf. (or its equivalent), of a probability in the present, ὅθι που μέλλουσιν ἄριστοι βουλὰς βουλεύειν where belike the best are holding counsel, Il.10.326; ᾧ μέλλεις εὔχεσθαι to whom thou doubtless prayest, 11.364; μέλλεις δὲ σὺ ἴδμεναι doubtless thou knowest, Od.4.200; τὰ δὲ μέλλετ' ἀκουέμεν belike you have heard it, Il.14.125, cf. Od.4.94;

    οὕτω που Διὶ μέλλει ὑπερμενέϊ φίλον εἶναι Il.2.116

    ; ὄλβον δὲ θεοὶ μέλλουσιν ὀπάζειν methinks it is the gods who give wealth, Od.18.19; εἰ δ' οὕτω τοῦτ' ἐστίν, ἐμοὶ μέλλει φίλον εἶναι you may be sure it is my good pleasure, Il.1.564. b. c. [tense] aor. inf., of a probability in the past, μέλλω που ἀπεχθέσθαι Διὶ πατρί I must have become hateful to father Zeus, 21.83; κελευσέμεναι δέ σ' ἔμελλε δαίμων a god must surely have bidden thee, Od.4.274; πολλάκι που μέλλεις ἀρήμεναι you must often have prayed, 22.322; μέλλω ἀθανάτους ἀλιτέσθαι I must have sinned against the immortals, 4.377; ἄλλοτε δή ποτε μᾶλλον ἐρωῆσαι πολέμοιο μέλλω at any other time rather than this I may have drawn back.., Il.13.777; μέλλει μέν πού τις καὶ φίλτερον ἄλλον ὀλέσσαι before now, no doubt, a man has lost.., 24.46, cf. 18.362;

    τοῦ δ' ἤδη μέλλουσι κύνες ταχέες τ' οἰωνοὶ ῥινὸν ἀπ' ὀστεόφιν ἐρύσαι Od.14.133

    ; of a destiny in the past, ἔμελλεν οἷ αὐτῷ θάνατον.. λιτέσθαι he was fated to have been praying for his own death, Il.16.46; ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἄρ' ἔμελλον ἑταίρῳ κτεινομένῳ ἐπαμῦναι since I was (i.e. am) not destined to have succoured my comrade when they were slaying him, 18.98: c. [tense] pres. inf., οὐκ ἄρ' ἔμελλες ἀνάλκιδος ἀνδρὸς ἑταίρους ἔδμεναι he was to turn out no helpless man whose comrades you ate, Od.9.475. c. c. [tense] fut. inf., of a destin y or probability in the future, ἅ οὐ τελέεσθαι ἔμελλον which were not to be accomplished, Il.2.36; τάχα δ' ἀνστήσεσθαι ἔμελλεν ib. 694;

    ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἄρ' ἔμελλον ἔγωγε νοστήσας οἶκόνδε.. εὐφρανέειν ἄλοχον 5.686

    , cf. 12.113, 22.356, Od.13.293, 384;

    μέλλον ἔτι ξυνέσεσθαι ὀϊζυῖ πολλῇ 7.270

    ; περὶ τρίποδος γὰρ ἔμελλον θεύσεσθαι they were to have run.., Il.11.700, cf. E.HF 463;

    χρόνῳ ἔμελλέ σ' Ἕκτωρ.. ἀποφθίσειν S.Aj. 1027

    ;

    ἔμελλον ἄρα παύσειν ποθ' ὑμᾶς τοῦ κοάξ Ar.Ra. 268

    ;

    φεύγεις; ἔμελλόν σ' ἆρα κινήσειν ἐγώ Id.Nu. 1301

    , cf. V. 460, Pl. 103, Ach. 347: c. [tense] pres. inf., καὶ γὰρ ἐγώ ποτ' ἔμελλον ἐν ἀνδράσιν ὄλβιος εἶναι I had a chance of being, might have been.., Od.18.138;

    μέλλεν ποτὲ οἶκος ὅδ' ἀφνειὸς καὶ ἀμύμων ἔμμεναι, ὄφρ' ἔτι κεῖνος ἀνὴρ ἐπιδήμιος ἦεν 1.232

    : c. [tense] aor. inf. (cf. infr. 11),

    οὐδεὶς ἂν οὐδὲ μελλήσειε γενέσθαι ἀγαθός Arist.EN 1105b11

    : with inf. understood, [τὰ μὲν] πάσχουσι, τὰ δὲ μέλλουσι [πάσχειν] A.Pers. 814; ἀλλ' οὐχ οὑμὸς τοῦτο πέπονθεν βίος οὐ μὰ Δί' οὐδέ γε μέλλει no, not likely! Ar.Pl. 551;

    οὐδὲν.. οὔτε ἐπάθετε οὔτε ἐμελλήσατε Th.3.55

    ;

    οὔτ' ἐμὲ ἀπέφηνεν ἡ βουλὴ οὔτ' ἐμέλλησεν Din.1.49

    .
    d in εἰ clauses, εἰ μέλλει πόλις εἶναι if it is to be a city, Pl.Prt. 324e: c. [tense] fut. inf., εἰ ἐμέλλομεν.. ἀνοίσειν if we were to refer.., Id.Phd. 75b: c. [tense] aor. inf.,

    εἰ μέλλομεν.. δηλῶσαι Id.Lg. 713a

    , cf. Smp. 184d, Plt. 268d, al.: so in part.,

    τὴν μέλλουσαν οἰκήσεσθαι πόλιν καλῶς Arist. Pol. 1261a3

    , etc.
    e in final clauses, ξυνεπιμέλεσθαι ᾗ μέλλει ἄριστα ἕξειν, = ᾗ ἄριστα ἕξει, Th.8.39;

    εἴχομεν ἂν.. ἐπιστάτην λαβεῖν.. ὃς ἔμελλεν.. ποιήσειν Pl.Ap. 20b

    , cf. App.Syr.46, etc.
    f in questions, the inf. being understood, τί οὐ μέλλω ( μέλλεις, etc.); why shouldn't I? why is it not likely that I should?, i. e. yes, of course, τὸν υἱὸν ἑόρακας αὐτοῦ; Answ. τί δ' οὐ μέλλω (sc. ἑορακέναι); of course I have, X. HG4.1.6; τί δ' οὐ μέλλει, εἴπερ γε δρᾷ αὐτό; Pl.R. 605c; πῶς γὰρ οὐ μέλλει; Id.Phd. 78b, etc.; ἀλλὰ τί μέλλει; what (else) would you expect? i. e. yes, of course, Id.R. 349d, Hp.Mi. 373d.
    II to be about to, in purely temporal sense, c. [tense] fut. inf.,

    Ἕκτορα δῖον ἔτετμεν ἀδελφεόν, εὖτ' ἄρ' ἔμελλε στρέψεσθ' ἐκ χώρης Il.6.515

    ; ὁ μέν μιν ἔμελλε γενείου.. ἁψάμενος λίσσεσθαι (perh. [tense] pres. inf.),

    ὁ δ' αὐχένα μέσσον ἔλασσε 10.454

    ;

    ἄλεισον ἀναιρήσεσθαι ἔμελλε Od.22.9

    , cf. Il.23.544, 2.39, 6.52, 393; δειπνήσειν μέλλομεν, ἢ τί; Ar.Av. 464, cf. Eq. 931 (lyr.), Th.2.8, etc.: c. [tense] pres. inf., τί μέλλεις δρᾶν; Ar.V. 1379,Th. 215, cf. Ec. 760, Ach. 493, Av. 498, al.;

    μέλλω μαίνεσθαι Lyr.Alex.Adesp.1.23

    : more rarely c. [tense] aor. inf.,

    παθεῖν A.Pr. 625

    ;

    κτανεῖν S.OT 967

     (nisi leg. κτενεῖν) ; ἀναλαβεῖν, λιπεῖν, θανεῖν, E.Or. 292, Heracl. 709, Med. 393; ἀπολέσαι, λαβεῖν, Ar.Av. 366, Ach. 1159 (lyr.);

    προσθεῖναι Th.3.92

    ;

    οὐδὲ ἐμέλλησαν οὐδὲ διενοήθησαν ἐνθέσθαι D.35.19

    : Phryn.316 wrongly condemns this constr.—The inf. is sts. omitted, τὸ μέλλειν ἀγαθά (sc. πράσσειν or πράξειν ) the expectation of good things, E.Or. 1182, cf. IA 1118.
    III to be always going to do without ever doing: hence, delay, put off, freq. in Trag. (also in [voice] Med. μέλλομαι, v. infr. IV fin.): in this signf. usu. folld. by [tense] pres. inf., S.OT 678 (lyr.), OC 1627, etc.; τοὺς ξυμμάχους.. οὐ μελλήσομεν τιμωρεῖν· οἱ δ' οὐκέτι μέλλουσι κακῶς πάσχειν we shall not delay to succour our allies, for their sufferings are not being delayed, Th.1.86: freq. with μὴ οὐ, A.Pr. 627, S.Aj. 540: with μή, τί μέλλομεν.. μὴ πράσσειν κακά; E.Med. 1242: rarely folld. by [tense] aor. inf., Id.Ph. 299 (lyr.), Rh. 673: inf. is freq. omitted, τί μέλλεις; why delayest thou? A.Pr.36, cf. Pers. 407, Ag. 908, 1353, S.Fr. 917, Th.8.78, etc.;

    μακρὰ μ. S.OC 219

     (lyr.);

    Ἄρης στυγεῖ μέλλοντας E. Heracl. 723

    ;

    ἴωμεν καὶ μὴ μέλλωμεν ἔτι Pl.Lg. 712b

    ; μέλλον τι.. ἔπος a hesitating word, which one hesitates to speak, E. Ion 1002; μέλλων σφυγμός a hesitating pulse, Gal.8.653.
    IV part. μέλλων is used quasi-adjectivally, ὁ μ. χρόνος the future time, Pi.O.10(11).7, A.Pr. 839, Arist.Top. 111b28: Gramm., ὁ μέλλων the future tense, D.T.638.23, A.D.Synt.69.28, etc.; ἡ μ. αὐτοῦ δύναμις his future power, Pl.R. 494c;

    μ. φυλάξασθαι χρέος Pi.O.7.40

    ; τὸν μ. βλαστόν ( καρπόν codd.) Thphr.HP4.15.1: esp. in neut., τὸ μέλλον, τὰ μέλλοντα things to come, the future, Pi.O.2.56, A.Pr. 102, Th.1.138, 4.71, Pl.Tht. 178e, etc.; opp. to what is simply future ([etym.] τὸ ἐσόμενον), Arist.Div.Somn. 463b29, cf. GC 337b4; εἰς τὸ μέλλον (sc. ἔτος) Ev.Luc.13.9, cf. PLond.3.1231.4 (ii A. D.), Plu.Caes.14:—also in [voice] Med., τὰ ἰσχυρότατα ἐλπιζόμενα μέλλεται your strongest pleas are hopes in futurity, Th.5.111:— but
    V [voice] Pass. μέλλομαι, ὡς μὴ μέλλοιτο τὰ δέοντα that the necessary steps might not be delayed, X.An.3.1.47; ἐν ὅσῳ ταῦτα μέλλεται while these delays are going on, D.4.37: [tense] fut. μελλήσομαι dub. l. in Procop. Goth.2.30: [tense] pf. part. μεμελλημένος, = μέλλων, σφυγμός Gal.9.308.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μέλλω

  • 6 κρίνω

    κρίνω (s. κρίμα; Hom.+) fut. κρινῶ; 1 aor. ἔκρινα; pf. κέκρικα; plpf. 3 sg. κεκρίκει (on the lack of augment s. B-D-F §66, 1; W-S. §12, 4; Mlt-H. 190; ἐκεκρίκει Just., D. 102, 2). Pass.: impf. ἐκρινόμην; 1 fut. κριθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐκρίθην; pf. κέκριμαι. Primary mng.: ‘to set apart so as to distinguish, separate’, then by transference
    ① to make a selection, select, prefer (Aeschyl., Suppl. 39 τὶ; Pla., Rep. 3, 399e κρίνειν τινὰ πρό τινος ‘prefer someone to someone’, cp. Phlb. 57e; Himerius, Or. 40 [=Or. 6], 3 κ. τί τινι=select someth. because of someth. [a place because of its size]; κ. τὸ πρακτέον καὶ μὴ πρακτέον Did., Gen. 27, 3) ὸ̔ς μὲν γὰρ κρίνει ἡμέραν παρʼ ἡμέραν the one prefers one day to another Ro 14:5a. In the other half of the sentence ὸ̔ς δὲ κρίνει πᾶσαν ἡμέραν, κ. prob. has the sense recognize, approve (X., Hell. 1, 7, 34 ἔκριναν τὴν τῆς βουλῆς γνώμην) the other holds every day in esteem vs. 5b. Closely associated is mng.
    ② to pass judgment upon (and thereby seek to influence) the lives and actions of other people
    ⓐ judge, pass judgment upon, express an opinion about Mt 7:1a, 2a; Lk 6:37a; 1 Cl 13:2; Pol 2:3 (Sextus 183 ὁ κρίνων ἄνθρωπον κρίνεται ὑπὸ τ. θεοῦ). κ. δικαίως D 4:3; B 19:11. κ. κατʼ ὄψιν by the outward appearance J 7:24a. κατὰ τὴν σάρκα 8:15. τὴν δικαίαν κρίσιν κ. pass a right judgment 7:24b (on the expr. cp. Dt 16:18). This is perh. the place for 1 Pt 4:6 ἵνα κριθῶσιν κατὰ ἀνθρ. (s. ESelwyn, comm. ad loc. ref. to Lghtf.; cp. Wsd 3:4).
    ⓑ esp. pass an unfavorable judgment upon, criticize, find fault with, condemn (Epict. 2, 21, 11) Ro 2:1abc, 3; 14:3f, 10, 13a (a play on words, w. κρίνειν used in two different mngs. in the same vs.; s. 4 below on vs. 13b); Col 2:16; Js 4:11, 12; D 11:12. μή τι κρίνετε do not pronounce judgment on anything 1 Cor 4:5. ἱνατί γὰρ ἡ ἐλευθερία μου κρίνεται ὑπὸ ἄλλης συνειδήσεως; why is my freedom (of action) to be unfavorably judged by another person’s scruples? 1 Cor 10:29. μακάριος ὁ μὴ κρίνων ἑαυτόν happy is the one who finds no fault w. himself Ro 14:22.—Also of a human judgment directed against God ὅπως ἂν νικήσεις ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε that you may win when you are judged Ro 3:4 (OMichel in KEK prefers active sense); 1 Cl 18:4 (both Ps 50:6).
    ③ to make a judgment based on taking various factors into account, judge, think, consider, look upon w. double acc. of the obj. and the predicate (Soph., Oed. R. 34; Pla., Rep. 9, 578b and s. Cebes 39, 4; 3 Macc 2:33; Just., D. 112, 1) οὐκ ἀξίους κρίνετε ἑαυτούς you do not consider yourselves worthy Ac 13:46 (Jos., Ant. 6, 159 ὸ̔ν αὐτὸς τ. βασιλείας ἄξιον ἔκρινεν; EpArist 98); cp. PtK 3 p. 15, 17. τὰ ὑστερήματα αὐτῶν ἴδια ἐκρίνετε you considered their shortcomings as your own 1 Cl 2:6. Pass. (Thu. 2, 40, 3; Jos., Ant. 4, 193) τί ἄπιστον κρίνεται παρʼ ὑμῖν; why do you think it is incredible? Ac 26:8 (Jos., Ant. 18, 76 ἄπιστα αὐτὰ κρίνειν).—Foll. by acc. w. inf. (Pla., Gorg., 452c, Rep. 9, 578b; X., An. 1, 9, 5; 28) κεκρίκατέ με πιστὴν … εἶναι Ac 16:15.—W. inf. foll. κρίνω μὴ παρενοχλεῖν τοῖς κτλ. 15:19.—Foll. by τοῦτο ὅτι 2 Cor 5:14.—W. direct quest. foll. ἐν ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς κρίνατε judge, decide for yourselves 1 Cor 11:13.—W. indirect quest. foll. (Thu. 4, 130, 7 κρίναντες ἐν σφίσιν αὐτοῖς, εἰ … ; X., Cyr. 4, 1, 5) εἰ δίκαιόν ἐστιν, ὑμῶν ἀκούειν μᾶλλον ἢ τοῦ θεοῦ, κρίνατε decide whether it is right to obey you rather than God Ac 4:19.—κρίνατε ὑμεῖς ὅ φημι pass your own judgment on what I say 1 Cor 10:15.—ὀρθῶς ἔκρινας you have judged rightly Lk 7:43.
    ④ to come to a conclusion after a cognitive process, reach a decision, decide, propose, intend (Isocr. 4, 46; Polyb. 3, 6, 7; 5, 52, 6; 9, 13, 7; Epict. 2, 15, 7; Appian, Bell. Civ. 14, 118 §497 ὅταν οἱ θεοὶ κρίνωσιν; LXX) τί οὖν θέλετε, κρίνατε (restored) so decide now what you wish (to be done); w. inf. (Diod S 4, 33, 10; 17, 95, 1; UPZ 42, 37 [162 B.C.]; PTebt 55, 4 [II B.C.] ἔκρινα γράψαι; PLond III, 897, 11 p. 207 [84 A.D.]; 1 Macc 11:33; 3 Macc 1:6; Jdth 11:13; Wsd 8:9; Jos., Ant.7, 33; 12, 403; 13, 188; Did., Gen. 179, 7) Ac 3:13; 20:16; 25:25; 1 Cor 2:2; 5:3; Tit 3:12. W. τοῦ and inf. (B-D-F §397, 2) ἐκρίθη τοῦ ἀποπλεῖν ἡμᾶς Ac 27:1. ἐπεὶ ἤδη σεαυτῷ κέκρικας τοῦ μὴ δύνασθαι τὰς ἐντολὰς ταύτας ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπου φυλαχθῆναι since you have already decided in your own mind that these commandments cannot be kept by anyone Hm 12, 3, 6.—W. acc. and inf. (2 Macc 11:25, 36; 3 Macc 6:30; TestSol 10:8; SibOr 3, 127; Just., D. 102, 2) Ac 21:25 (even in the substantially different rdgs.). τοῦτο κέκρικεν …, τηρεῖν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ παρθένον he has determined this, namely to keep his fiancée (pure and undefiled) 1 Cor 7:37 (s. s.v. γαμίζω 2; Diod S 4, 73, 2 of a father: κρίναι ταύτην [i.e. his daughter] παρθένον διαφυλάττειν). τοῦτο κρίνατε μᾶλλον, τὸ μὴ τιθέναι πρόσκομμα but rather decide this, (namely) to give no offense Ro 14:13b. ἔκρινα ἐμαυτῷ τοῦτο, τὸ … ἐλθεῖν 2 Cor 2:1. τὰ δόγματα τὰ κεκριμένα ὑπὸ τ. ἀποστόλων Ac 16:4 (cp. Polyb. 5, 52, 6 πράξας τὸ κριθέν; Epict. 2, 15, 7 τοῖς κριθεῖσιν ἐμμένειν δεῖ).
    ⑤ to engage in a judicial process, judge, decide, hale before a court, condemn, also hand over for judicial punishment, freq. as a legal t.t. (in a forensic sense Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX).
    ⓐ of a human court
    α. act. and pass. abs. Ac 13:27. W. adv. GPt 3:7. κ. τινά: κατὰ τὸν νόμον J 18:31; Ac 23:3; 24:6 v.l. οὐδὲ ἐγὼ κρίνω ὑμᾶς GJs 16:3. Of the right of the apostle and the church to judge believers 1 Cor 5:12ab. μὴ ὁ νόμος ἡμῶν κρίνει τὸν ἄνθρωπον; does our law (personified) judge a person? J 7:51 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 50 §205 certain senators desire that before Mark Antony is declared a public enemy he should be brought to trial, ὡς οὐ πάτριον σφίσιν ἀκρίτου καταδικάζειν ‘on the ground that it was not their ancestral custom to condemn someone without a hearing’). ἐκ τ. στόματός σου κρινῶ σε I will punish you on the basis of your own statement Lk 19:22. Pass. Ac 25:10. κρίνεσθαι ἐπί τινι be on trial because of a thing 26:6 (Appian, Basil. 12 κρινόμενος ἐπὶ τῷδε=be brought to trial because of this thing; likew. Iber. 55 §233; Ath. 2, 3; of God ApcrEzk Fgm. d). Also περί τινος (Diod S 12, 30, 5) 23:6; 25:20; w. addition of ἐπί w. gen. of the court of judicature before someone (schol. on Hes., Op. 9) 24:21; 25:9; D 11:11.—τί δὲ καὶ ἀφʼ ἑαυτῶν οὐ κρίνετε τὸ δίκαιον; Lk 12:57, which leads over into the sphere of jurisprudence (vs. 58), means: why cannot you yourselves decide what is right? (cp. the prayer for vengeance fr. Amorgos [BCH 25, 1901 p. 416; Dssm., LO 94=LAE 118] ἐπάκουσον, θεά, καὶ κρῖναι τὸ δίκαιον; cp. Appian, Mithrid. 89 §403 κρίνειν τὴν μάχην=decide the battle; Just., A II, 15, 5).
    β. mid. and pass.: ‘dispute, quarrel, debate’, also go to law (so Thu. 4, 122, 4 δίκῃ κρίνεσθαι; Hos 2:4 al. in LXX; TestSol 4:4ff D; Mel., P. 101, 773) τινί with someone (Job 9:3; 13:19) Mt 5:40; B 6:1 (Is 50:8); μετά τινος (Vi. Aesopi W 76 κριθῆναί με μετὰ τῆς κυρίας μου ἐπὶ σοί=I am pleading my case with my mistress before you; Eccl 6:10) 1 Cor 6:6. ἐπί τινος before someone (as judge) vs. 1 (on the beginning of 1 Cor 6 cp. the decree of Alexander to the Greeks in Ps.-Callisth. 2, 21, 21: βούλομαι δὲ μὴ ἐν ἑαυτοῖς κρίνειν ὅσον τις ὑμῶν ἔχει πρὸς ἕτερον, οὐδὲ ἐφʼ οὗ βούλεσθε=it is my wish [will] that you are not to go to law among yourselves, no matter what any of you may have against another, nor before anyone you wish).
    ⓑ of the divine tribunal
    α. occupied by God or Christ: abs. administer justice, judge J 5:30; 8:16, 50; cp. vs. 26; Rv 6:10; B 5:7. Pass. be judged Mt 7:1b, 2b; Lk 6:37b; Rv 11:18.—W. acc. foll. (PGM 4, 1013 of Horus ὁ κρίνων τὰ πάντα) J 5:22; 8:15b. τοὺς ἔξω 1 Cor 5:13. ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς judge the living and the dead 2 Ti 4:1; 1 Pt 4:5; B 7:2. τὰ κρυπτὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων Ro 2:16. τὸν κόσμον B 4:12 (TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 10 [Stone p. 32]; ApcEsdr 3:3 p. 27, 8 Tdf.). τὴν οἰκουμένην Ac 17:31; AcPl Ha 9, 29. κ. κατὰ τὸ ἑκάστου ἔργον judge each one by what that person does 1 Pt 1:17; cp. Rv 20:13. ἐκρίθησαν οἱ νεκροὶ ἐκ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τοῖς βιβλίοις κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν the dead were judged by what was written in the books (of life and of death), in accordance w. their deeds vs. 12; δικαίως κ. judge uprightly (Sotades [280 B.C.] Fgm. 11, 2 Diehl2 II 6 p. 191 [in Stob. 4, 34, 8 vol. V p. 826, 5=Coll. Alex. p. 243] ὁ παντογενὴς … οὐ κρίνει δικαίως) 1 Pt 2:23; B 19:11. Also ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ Rv 19:11. διὰ νόμου κρίνεσθαι be judged on the basis of the law Js 2:12.—Oft. the emphasis is unmistakably laid upon that which follows the Divine Judge’s verdict, upon the condemnation or punishment: condemn, punish (opp. σῴζειν as TestJud 24:6; Mel., P. 104, 810; cp. ApcEsdr 1, 11 p. 25, 3 Tdf. ἐμὲ κρῖνον ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχῶν τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν) J 3:17; cp. 18ab; 12:47ab, 48a; cp. 48b; Ac 7:7 (Gen 15:14); Dg 7:5f (opp. ἀγαπᾶν). διὰ νόμου κ. punish on the basis of the law Ro 2:12.—3:6f; 1 Cor 11:31f (here of the temporal punishment which God brings upon sinners); 2 Th 2:12; Hb 10:30 (κρινεῖ κύριος τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ the Lord will judge = punish his people is derived fr. Dt 32:36=Ps 134:14, where the judgment of God is spoken of, resulting in the vindication of the innocent [the thought prominent in the two OT pass.] and the punishment of the guilty [the thought prominent in the Hb pass.]); 13:4; Js 5:9; for 1 Pt 4:6 s. 2a above; Rv 18:8; 19:2; B 15:5.—W. the punishment given κ. διὰ πυρός 1 Cl 11:1; διὰ τῶν μαστίγων 17:5. κεκριμένοι ἤδη τῷ θανάτῳ already condemned to death B 10:5. Also εἰς θάνατον condemned to death Hs 9, 18, 2. οἱ κρινόμενοι ἀσεβεῖς the godless, who are condemned 2 Cl 18:1. Of the devil ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου κέκριται J 16:11.—ταῦτα ἔκρινας you have imposed these punishments Rv 16:5.—On κρίνειν τὸ κρίμα 18:20 s. κρίμα 4.
    β. occupied by those who have been divinely commissioned to judge: the 12 apostles judge the 12 tribes Mt 19:28; Lk 22:30 (PBatiffol, RB n.s. 9, 1912, 541–43. But here κ. could have the broader sense rule; cp. 4 Km 15:5; Ps 2:10; 1 Macc 9:73; PsSol 17:29). κρινεῖ ἡ ἐκ φύσεως ἀκροβυστία … σέ the one who is physically uncircumcised will sit in judgment upon you Ro 2:27. οἱ ἅγιοι as judges of the cosmos 1 Cor 6:2ab (κρίνεσθαι ἐν: Diod S 19, 51, 4.—On the saints as co-rulers with God cp. Epict., Ench. 15; Sallust. 21 p. 36, 14) as well as of the angels vs. 3 (cp. Da 7:22).
    ⑥ to ensure justice for someone, see to it that justice is done (LXX) τινί to someone 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:17).—B. 1428. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > κρίνω

  • 7 ὅτι

    ὅτι (Hom.+) conjunction (B-D-F §396f; 408; 416; 470, 1 al.; Rob. 1032–36, al. [s. index]; HPernot, Études sur la langue des Évang. 1927, 41ff) originally the neuter of ὅστις.
    ① marker of narrative or discourse content, direct or indirect, that. Used after verbs that denote mental or sense perception, or the transmission of such perception, or an act of the mind, to indicate the content of what is said, etc.
    ⓐ after verbs of saying, indicating, etc.: ἀπαγγέλλω, ἀποκρίνομαι, δείκνυμι, δῆλόν (ἐστιν), διδάσκω, εἶπον, ἐμφανίζω, λέγω, μαρτυρέω, ὁμολογέω, φημί etc.; s. the entries in question. Likew. after verbs of swearing, affirming and corresponding formulae: μαρτύρομαι Ac 20:26; Gal 5:3. μάρτυρα τὸν θεὸν ἐπικαλοῦμαι 2 Cor 1:23. ὀμνύω Rv 10:6. Cp. the sim. exprs. πιστὸς ὁ θεός 2 Cor 1:18. ἰδοὺ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ Gal 1:20.—2 Cor 11:10. Cp. also φάσις … ὅτι Ac 21:31. αἱ γραφαὶ ὅτι the Scriptures (which state) that Mt 26:54.—On 1J 2:12–14 s. BNoack, NTS 6, ’60, 236–41.
    ⓑ after verbs that denote sense perception ἀκούω, θεάομαι, θεωρέω (q.v. 1); s. these entries.
    ⓒ after verbs that denote mental perception ἀγνοέω, ἀναγινώσκω, βλέπω (perceive), γινώσκω, γνωστόν ἐστιν, ἐπιγινώσκω, ἐπίσταμαι, θεωρέω (q.v. 2a), καταλαμβάνω, μιμνῄσκομαι, μνημονεύω, νοέω, οἶδα, ὁράω (q.v. A4a), συνίημι, ὑπομιμνῄσκω; s. these entries. In Gal 1:11 ὅτι comes later in the sentence so as to permit the emphatic portion of the subordinate clause to come to the forefront.
    ⓓ after verbs of thinking, judging, believing, hoping: δοκέω (q.v. 1d), ἐλπίζω (q.v. 2), κρίνω, λογίζομαι, νομίζω (q.v. 2), οἶμαι, πέπεισμαι, πέποιθα, πιστεύω (q.v. 1aβ), ὑπολαμβάνω; s. these entries. εἶχον τὸν Ἰωάννην ὅτι προφήτης ἦν they held that John was a prophet Mk 11:32 (s. B-D-F §330; 397, 2; Rob. 1029; 1034).
    ⓔ after verbs that denote an emotion and its expression ἀγανακτέω, ἐξομολογέομαι, ἐπαινέω, εὐχαριστέω, θαυμάζω, μέλει μοι, συγχαίρω, χαίρω, χάριν ἔχω τινί; s. these entries.
    ⓕ Very oft. the subj. of the ὅτι-clause is drawn into the main clause, and becomes the object of the latter: ἐπεγίνωσκον αὐτοὺς ὅτι (=ὅτι αὐτοὶ) σὺν τῷ Ἰησοῦ ἦσαν Ac 4:13. οἴδατε τὴν οἰκίαν Στεφανᾶ ὅτι (=ὅτι ἡ οἰκία Σ.) ἐστὶν ἀπαρχή 1 Cor 16:15. Cp. Mt 25:24; Mk 12:34; J 8:54; 9:8; Ac 3:10; 1 Cor 3:20 (Ps 93:11); 1 Th 2:1; Rv 17:8. Somet. the subj. is repeated by a demonstrative pron. in the ὅτι-clause: ἐκήρυσσεν τὸν Ἰησοῦν ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Ac 9:20.—Pass. εἰ Χριστὸς κηρύσσεται ὅτι ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγήγερται (=εἰ κηρύσσεται ὅτι Χρ. ἐκ νεκ. ἐγ.) 1 Cor 15:12.
    ② marker of explanatory clauses, that
    ⓐ as a substitute for the epexegetical inf. (acc. w. inf.) after a preceding demonstrative (B-D-F §394; cp. Rob. 1034) αὕτη δέ ἐστιν ἡ κρίσις, ὅτι τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν the judgment consists in this, that the light has come J 3:19. ἔστιν αὕτη ἡ ἀγγελία …, ὅτι ὁ θεὸς φῶς ἐστιν 1J 1:5. Cp. 3:16; 4:9, 10. ἐν τούτῳ …, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ δέδωκεν ἡμῖν vs. 13; 5:11. περὶ τούτου … ὅτι about this …, that J 16:19. In ἔχω κατὰ σοῦ ὅτι … Rv 2:4, ὅτι is epexegetical to a τοῦτο that remains unexpressed. Cp. vs. 6. Of the same order is the use
    ⓑ in ellipses τί ὅτι; what (is it) that? why? Lk 2:49; Ac 5:4, 9; Mk 2:16 v.l. (JosAs 16:5).—οὐχ ὅτι (=οὐ λέγω ὅτι) not that, not as if J 6:46; 7:22; 2 Cor 1:24; 3:5; Phil 3:12; 4:11; 2Th 3:9 (so μὴ ὅτι PLond I 42, 43 p. 30 [II B.C.]). ἐπεὶ οὐχ ὅτι since it is not the case that IMg 3:2.—οὐχ οἷον ὅτι Ro 9:6 (s. οἷος).—ὅτι alone is used for εἰς ἐκεῖνο ὅτι with regard to the fact that, in consideration of the fact that (Gen 40:15; Ruth 2:13) ποταπός ἐστιν οὗτος ὅτι; what sort of person is this, (in consideration of the fact) that? Mt 8:27 (but it is prob. that in this and sim. passages the causal force of ὅτι [s. 4 below] comes to the fore). τίς ὁ λόγος οὗτος ὅτι; Lk 4:36. Cp. 16:3; Mk 4:41; J 2:18; 8:22; 9:17; 11:47; 16:9–11.—ὅτι = ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι in that Ro 5:8. ὅτι = περὶ τούτου ὅτι concerning this, that Mt 16:8; Mk 8:17.—On ὅτι=why? (cp. Jos. Ant. 12, 213) Mk 9:11, 28 s. ὅστις 4b.
    ③ marker introducing direct discourse. In this case it is not to be rendered into English, but to be represented by quotation marks (ὅτι recitativum.—B-D-F §397, 5; 470, 1; EKieckers, IndogF 35, 1915, 21ff; Rob. 1027f. As early as Pla. [Apol. 23, 34 d.—Kühner-G. II, 366f]; Epict. 1, 9, 16; Arrian, Alex. An. 2, 12, 4; 2, 26, 4; 4, 8, 9; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 1, 38 p. 40; POxy 744, 11 [1 B.C.]; 119, 10; 1064, 5; LXX; TestAbr A 8 p. 85, 10 [Stone p. 18]; TestJob 6:7; 35:1; 36:3; ParJer 1:6; 2:7; ApcEsdr; AscIs 3:9; Jos. Ant. 11, 5; 18, 326, Vi. 55) ὑμεῖς λέγετε ὅτι ‘βλασφημεῖς’ ὅτι εἶπον J 10:36. ὁμολογήσω αὐτοῖς ὅτι ‘οὐδέποτε ἔγνων ὑμᾶς’ Mt 7:23. So after var. verbs of saying as direct discourse: Mt 26:72–75; 27:43; Mk 1:37; 2:16; 5:28; 12:29; 13:6 (JSundwall, Om bruket av ὅτι recit. i Mk: Eranos 31, ’33, 73–81; MZerwick, Untersuchgen z. Mk-Stil ’37, 39–48); Lk 1:25, 61 (PWinter, HTR 48, ’55, 213–16); 4:41a; 5:26; 15:27a; J 1:20, 32; 4:17; 6:42; 16:17; Ac 5:23; 15:1; Ro 3:8 (B-D-F §470, 1; Rob. 1033; AFridrichsen, ZNW 34, ’35, 306–8); 2 Th 3:10; 1J 4:20 al. Scripture quotations are also introduced in this way (Appian, Bell. Civ. 62 §260 a saying of Caesar in direct discourse is introduced by ὅτι): Μωϋσῆς ἔγραψεν ἡμῖν ὅτι ‘ἐάν τινος κτλ.’ Mk 12:19.—Mt 2:23; 21:16; Lk 2:23; J 10:34; Ro 8:36; 1 Cor 14:21; Hb 11:18.—On ὅτι foll. by the acc. and inf. in direct discourse Lk 4:43 s. 5a below.
    ⓐ subordinating, because, since ὅτι ἑώρακάς με, πεπίστευκας J 20:29.—Mt 2:18 (Jer 38:15); 5:3ff; 13:16; Mk 1:34; 5:9; Lk 4:41b; 6:20ff; 8:30; 10:13; 11:42ff; 13:2b; 15:27b; perh. 18:9 (TManson, The Sayings of Jesus ’54, 309); 19:17; J 1:30, 50a; 2:25; 3:18; 5:27; 9:16, 22; Ro 6:15; 1 Cor 12:15f. On 1J 2:12–14 s. BNoack, NTS 6, ’60, 236–41 (opposes causal mng.).—Used w. demonstr. and interrog. pronouns διὰ τοῦτο … ὅτι for this reason …, (namely) that J 8:47; 10:17; 12:39; 1J 3:1 al. διὰ τί; ὅτι … why? because … Ro 9:32; 2 Cor 11:11. χάριν τίνος; ὅτι … for what reason? because … 1J 3:12. Foll. by διὰ τοῦτο because … for this reason J 15:19. οὐχ ὅτι … ἀλλʼ ὅτι not because … but because 6:26; 12:6.
    ⓑ The subordination is oft. so loose that the transl. for recommends itself (B-D-F §456, 1; Rob. 962f). Naturally the line betw. the two groups cannot be drawn with certainty: Mt 7:13; 11:29; Lk 7:47 (on this pass. and 1J 3:14 s. Schwyzer II 646, w. ref. to Il. 16, 34f: ‘infer this from the fact that’); 9:12; 13:31; 16:24; J 1:16f; 9:16; 1 Cor 1:25; 4:9; 10:17; 2 Cor 4:6; 7:8, 14; 1J 3:14.—MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 70ff.
    ⑤ special uses
    ⓐ ὅτι w. acc. and inf. after θεωρεῖν Ac 27:10 (on the mingling of constructions cp. POxy 237 V, 8 δηλῶν ὅτι … δεῖσθαι τὸ πρᾶγμα; EpArist 125; schol. on Clem. of Alex., Protr. p. 296, 11f Stäh.—B-D-F §397, 6; Rob. 1036; Rdm.2 195; MArnim, De Philonis Byzantii dicendi genere, diss. Greifs-wald 1912, 88 [but s. on this Rdm.2 196, 1]). Less irregular is καὶ ὅτι w. a finite verb as the second member dependent on παρακαλεῖν after the inf. ἐμμένειν Ac 14:22.—S. also c, below and HCadbury, JBL 48, 1929, 412–25.
    ⓑ ὡς ὅτι is found three times in Pauline letters and simply means ‘that’ in the later vernacular (exx. in Mlt. 212; B-D-F §396; Rob. 1033). But the subjective mng. of ὡς must be conceded for the NT, since the Vulgate renders ὡς ὅτι twice w. ‘quasi’ (2 Cor 11:21; 2 Th 2:2) and the third time (2 Cor 5:19) w. ‘quoniam quidem’: διʼ ἐπιστολῆς …, ὡς ὅτι ἐνέστηκεν ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου by a letter … (of such content) that (in the opinion of its writer) the day of the Lord is (now) here 2 Th 2:2. Paul says ironically: κατὰ ἀτιμίαν λέγω, ὡς ὅτι ἡμεῖς ἠσθενήκαμεν I must confess to my shame that we have conducted ourselves as weaklings (as I must concede when I compare my conduct w. the violent treatment you have had fr. others [vs. 20]) 2 Cor 11:21 (for the thought cp. Demosth. 18, 320: ‘I confess it. I am weak, but all the more loyal than you [Aeschines] to my fellow citizens’). Likew. 5:19; we are a new creation in Christ (vs. 17). This does not alter the fact that everything has its origin in God, who reconciled us w. himself through Christ (vs. 18), ὡς ὅτι θεὸς ἦν ἐν Χριστῷ κόσμον καταλλάσσων ἑαυτῷ that is (acc. to Paul’s own conviction), (that) it was God who was reconciling the world to himself in Christ.
    ⓒ consecutive ὅτι so that (Pel.-Leg. p. 20 τί διδοῖς τοῖς ἀμνοῖς σου ὅτι ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἔχουσιν;=what do you give your sheep so that they have eternal life? Acta Christophori p. 68, 18 Usener τοιοῦτοι γάρ εἰσιν οἱ θεοὶ ὑμῶν, ὅτι ὑπὸ γυναικὸς ἐκινήθησαν. Gen 20:9; Judg 14:3; 1 Km 20:1; 3 Km 18:9) ποῦ οὗτος μέλλει πορεύεσθαι, ὅτι ἡμεῖς οὐχ εὑρήσομεν αὐτόν; J 7:35. τί γέγονεν ὅτι … ; what has happened, so that (=to bring it about that) …? 14:22 (so Rob. 1001; difft. Rdm.2 196 and B-D-F §480, 6). This is prob. also the place for οὐδὲν εἰσηνέγκαμεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον, ὅτι οὐδὲ ἐξενεγκεῖν τι δυνάμεθα we have brought nothing into the world, so that (as a result) we can take nothing out of it 1 Ti 6:7. τί ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος, ὅτι μιμνῄσκῃ αὐτοῦ; Hb 2:6 (Ps 8:5).—DELG. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὅτι

  • 8 γινώσκω

    + V 84-157-193-182-130=746 Gn 2,17; 3,5.7.22; 4,1
    to come to know, to perceive [ὅτι +ind.] Ex 14,4; to know [τι] Gn 3,5; to recognize [τινα] Hos 9,2; to form a judgement, to think [abs.] 1 Sm 23,23; to acknowledge as true [τινα] Hos 13,4; to know carnally [τινα] Gn 4,1
    οὐχ ὑμῖν γνῶναι is it not your duty to know Mi 3,1
    *Ex 22,9 μηδεὶς γνῷ (nobody) knows-ידע for MT ראה (somebody) sees, see also Nm 11,25, Jgs 2,7; *Ex 29,42 γνωσθήσομαι I shall be known-יודע? for MT אוער I shall meet, see also Ex 30,6.36, Nm 17,19; *1 Sm 10,24 ἔγνωσαν they noticed-ידעו for MT ירעו רוע they shouted; *Is 15,4 γνώσεται shall know-ידע for MT ירעה it shall tremble; *Jer 15,12 εἰ γνωσθήσεται will (iron) be known?-ידע/ה or יודע/ה ידע for MT ירע/ה רעע will (iron) break, see also Prv 13,20; *Hos 12,1 ἔγνω αὐτούς (God) knows them-ידעם for MT עם רד (Judah) roams with (God)?; *Mi 4,9 ἵνα τί ἔγνως κακά why did you have to experience (or know) evil-רע תדעי למה for MT רע תריעי למה why did you cry aloud; *Prv 15,14 γνώσεται (it) shall know-ידע for MT רעה to feed, to pasture, see also Jer 2,16, Hos 9,2
    Cf. HARL 1986a, 113; LE BOULLUEC 1989 303(Ex 29,42); MURAOKA 1990b, 26-27; WEVERS 1990 486(Ex 29,42); →NIDNTT; TWNT
    (→ἀναγινώσκω, ἀπογινώσκω, διαγινώσκω, ἐπιγινώσκω, καταγινώσκω, παρανα-, προγινώσκω, συγ-,,)

    Lust (λαγνεία) > γινώσκω

  • 9 ἵνα

    + С 179-91-63-133-149=615 Gn 3,3; 4,6(bis); 6,19; 11,7
    that, in order that [+subj.] Gn 6,19; id. [+opt.] (after hist. tenses) 4 Mc 17,1; id. [+subj.] (equivalent of ἄν
    [*]+subj) 1 Chr 21,18; so that [without verb] Jos 4,6; (so) that (equivalent of ὥστε) Gn 22,14; see that (in commands, introducing a prin-cipal sentence) 2 Mc 1,9;
    ἵνα μή [+subj.] that not Gn 3,3; ἵνα τί [+ind.] to what end, why Gn 42,1; id. [τινι +inf.] Gn 27,46; id.
    [+subj.] 2 Sm 13,26; why, for what good [abs.] Gn 25,22
    Cf. AEJMELAEUS 1982, 68-72; HORSLEY 1983 148; 1989 54; WEVERS 1990 67.132.264.498; →NIDNTT; TWNT

    Lust (λαγνεία) > ἵνα

  • 10 συμβάλλω

    + V 0-1-2-0-6=9 2 Chr 25,19; Is 46,6; Jer 50(43),3; 1 Mc 4,34; 2 Mc 8,23
    A: to compare with [τί τινι] Sir 22,1; to join battle with [τινι] 1 Mc 4,34; to set up sb against sb [τινα πρός τινα] Jer 50(43),3
    M: to be profitable for [τινι] Wis 5,8; to contribute [τι] Is 46,6
    ἵνα τί συμβάλλεις ἐν κακίᾳ; why should you stir in evil?, why should you provoke trouble? (semit., rendering MT למה ברעה תתגרה) 2 Chr 25,19
    Cf. HELBING 1928, 307-308

    Lust (λαγνεία) > συμβάλλω

  • 11 τίη

    τίη, better [full] τί ἢ (A.D.Conj.255.8, 256.3), [dialect] Att. (?) [full] τιή (v. infr.), strengthd. form of τί;
    A why? wherefore? Il.1.365, 6.145,al., Hes.Th. 35, and [dialect] Att. Comedy: folld. by a Particle, τίη δὲ.. ; Il.6.55, 15.244, Od.16.421, al.; τίη δὴ.. ; Il.21.436; doubled, τιὴ τί δή; standing alone, why so, tell me? Ar.V. 1155, Pax 1018, Th.84. (The oxyt. τιή is called [dialect] Att. by Eust.118.36, cf. 45.4, but was unknown to A.D. and is prob. a fiction; τίη and τιὴ are dub. ll. in Ar.Ach. 826; cf.

    ἦ 1.2

    , ὁτιή.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τίη

  • 12 ἔχω

    ἔχω (A), [ per.] 2sg. ἔχεισθα cj. in Thgn. 1316 ( ἔχοισθα cod.), ἔχῃσθα cj. in Sapph.21 ( ἔχεισθα cod.); [ per.] 2sg. subj.
    A

    ἔχῃσθα Il.19.180

    : [tense] impf. εἶχον, [dialect] Ep.

    ἔχον Od.2.22

    , al., [dialect] Ion. and poet.

    ἔχεσκον Il.13.257

    , Hdt.6.12, Epigr.Gr.988.6 ([place name] Balbilla): [tense] fut. ἕξω, [dialect] Ep. inf.

    ἑξέμεναι Call.Aet.3.1.27

     (of duration) or σχήσω (of momentary action, esp. in sense check, v. infr. A. 11.9, not found in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. or NT); [ per.] 2sg.

    σχήσησθα h.Cer. 366

     codd.: [tense] aor. 1 ἔσχης α f.l.in Nonn.D.17.177, also

    ἔσχα IG3.1363.6

    , 14.1728, [ per.] 3pl. μετ-έσχαν ib.12(7).271.12 (Amorgos, iii A.D.): [tense] aor. 2 ἔσχον, imper.

    σχές S.El. 1013

    , E.Hipp. 1353 (anap.) ( σχέ only in Orac. ap. Sch.E.Ph. 638 (dub.l.), sts. in compds. in codd., as

    πάρασχε E.Hec. 842

    ,

    κάτασχε Id.HF 1210

    ); subj.

    σχῶ Il.21.309

    , etc.; opt.

    σχοίην Isoc. 1.45

    , in compds. σχοῖμι (as

    μετάσχοιμι S.OC 1484

     (lyr.),

    κατάσχοιμεν Th.6.11

    ); [ per.] 3pl.

    σχοίησαν Hyp.Eux.32

    ,

    σχοῖεν Th.6.33

    ; inf.

    σχεῖν Il. 16.520

    , etc., [dialect] Ep.

    σχέμεν 8.254

     (in Alexandr. Gr. [ per.] 3pl. [tense] impf. and [tense] aor. 2

    εἴχοσαν AP5.208

     (Posidipp. or Asclep.), v.l. in Ev.Jo.15.22,

    ἔσχοσαν Scymn.695

    ): for the poet. form ἔσχεθον, v. Σχέθω: [tense] pf.

    ἔσχηκα Pl.Lg. 765a

    , εἴσχηκα in Inscrr. of iii/i B.C., SIG679.54, etc.; [dialect] Ep. ὄχωκα is dub., v. συνόχωκα:—[voice] Med., [tense] impf.

    εἰχόμην Pi.P.4.244

    , etc.: [tense] fut.

    ἕξομαι Il.9.102

    , etc.; σχήσομαι ib. 235, Ar.Av. 1335, more freq. in compds. ( ἀνα-) A.Th. 252, ( παρα-) Lys.9.8, etc.: [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. παρ-έσχημαι in med. sense, X.An.7.6.11, etc.: [tense] aor. 2

    ἐσχόμην Hom.

    , Hdt.6.85, rare in [dialect] Att. exc. in compds.; imper.

    σχέο Il.21.379

    ,

    σχέσθε 22.416

    , later σχοῦ in compds. ( ἀνά- ) E. lon947, etc.; inf.

    σχέσθαι Od.4.422

    , Hes.Fr.79:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. [voice] Med. ἐν-έξομαι in pass. sense, E.Or. 516, D.51.11, later

    σχεθήσομαι Gal.UP15.3

    , freq. in compds. (συ- ) Phld.Ir.p.83 W., (ἐν- ) Plu.2.98 of, ( ἐπι-) S.E.P.1.186: [tense] aor. 1

    ἐσχέθην Arr.An.5.7.4

    , 6.11.2, Aret.SA2.5, (κατ-, συν-) Plu.Sol. 21, Hp.Int. 45 vulg.: [tense] fut. [voice] Med. σχήσομαι in pass. sense, Il.9.235 (dub.), 655, 13.630: [tense] aor. 2 [voice] Med. in pass. sense,

    ἐσχόμην Il.17.696

    , al., Hdt. 1.31 (

    σχέτο Il.7.248

    , 21.345), part.

    σχόμενος Od.11.279

    , prob. in Isoc.19.11, ( κατα-) Pi.P.1.10, Pl.Phdr. 244e, Parth.33.2 (s.v.l.): [tense] pf.

    ἔσχημαι Paus.4.21.2

    ; also in compds., freq. written - ίσχημαι, -ήσχημαι in codd. of late authors. (I.-E. seĝh- (cf. Skt. sáhate 'overpower', Goth. sigis 'victory', Gr. ἔχ- dissim. fr. ἔχ-), reduced form sĝh-(σχ-), whence redupl. ἴσχω ( = si-sĝh-o) (q.v.): cf. ἕκ-τωρ, ἕξω, ἕξις; but hέχ- IG12.374.161, al., is a mere error (ἔχ- ib.12.116.4, 16).)
    A Trans., have, hold:
    I possess, of property, the most common usage, Od.2.336, 16.386, etc.; οἵ τι ἔχοντες the propertied class, Hdt.6.22; ὁ ἔχων a wealthy man, S.Aj. 157 (anap.);

    οἱ ἔχοντες E.Alc.57

    , Ar.Eq. 1295, Pl. 596; οἱ οὐκ ἔχοντες the poor, E.Supp. 240;

    κακὸν τὸ μὴ 'χειν Id.Ph. 405

    ; ἔχειν χρέα to have debts due to one, D. 36.41, cf. 37.12; to have received,

    θεῶν ἄπο κάλλος ἐ. h.Ven.77

    ;

    τι ἔκ τινος S.OC 1618

    ;

    παρά τινος Id.Aj. 663

    ;

    πρός τινος X.An.7.6.33

    , etc.;

    ὑπὸ.. θεοῖσι h.Ap. 191

    ; πλέον, ἔλασσον ἔ.. (v. h. vv.): in [tense] aor., acquire, get,

    ὄνομα E. Ion 997

    : also [tense] fut.

    σχήσω, δύναμιν Th.6.6

    ;

    λέχος E.Hel.30

    , cf. Pi.P.9.116:—[voice] Pass., to be possessed,

    ἔντεα.. μετὰ Τρώεσσιν ἔχονται Il.18.130

    , cf. 197.
    2 keep, have charge of,

    ἔχον πατρώϊα ἔργα Od. 2.22

    ;

    κῆπον 4.737

    ;

    Εἰλείθυιαι.. ὠδῖνας ἔχουσαι Il.11.271

    ;

    πύλαι.., ἃς ἔχον Ὧραι 5.749

    , 8.393;

    τὰς ἀγέλας X.Cyr.7.3.7

    ; διαιτητῶν ἐχόντων τὰς δίκας having control of, D.47.45; to be engaged in, φυλακὰς ἔχον kept watch, Il.9.1, 471;

    σκοπιὴν ἔχεν Od.8.302

    ;

    ἀλαοσκοπιὴν εἶχε Il. 10.515

    , 13.10; σκοπιὴν ἔ. τινός for a thing, Hdt.5.13;

    δυσμενῶν θήραν ἔχων S.Aj. 564

    , etc.; ἐν χερσὶν ἔ. τι (v. χείρ).
    b metaph., of a patient, οὐκ ἔχει ἑωυτόν is not himself, Hp.Int.49.
    3 c. acc. loci, inhabit,

    οὐρανόν Il.21.267

    ;

    Ὄλυμπον 5.890

    ; haunt, [

    Νύμφαι] ἔχουσ' ὀρέων αἰπεινὰ κάρηνα Od.6.123

    ;

    Βρόμιος ἔχει τὸν χῶρον A.Eu.24

    ; esp. of tutelary gods and heroes, Th.2.74, X.Cyr.8.3.24; of men,

    πόλιν καὶ γαῖαν Od.6.177

    , 195, etc.; Θήβας ἔσχον ( ἔσχεν codd.) ruled it, E.HF 4; ἔχεις γὰρ χῶρον occupiest it, S.OC37, cf. Od.23.46; in military sense, ἔ. τὸ δεξιόν (with or without κέρας) Th.3.107, X.An.2.1.15; of beasts,

    τὰ ὄρη ἔ. Id.Cyn.5.12

    .
    4 have to wife or as husband (usu. without γυναῖκα, ἄνδρα)

    , οὕνεκ' ἔχεις Ἑλένην καί σφιν γαμβρὸς Διός ἐσσι Od. 4.569

    , cf.7.313, Il.3.53, etc.;

    ἔσχε ἄλλην ἀδελφεήν Hdt.3.31

    , cf. Th.2.29;

    νυμφίον Call.Aet.3.1.27

    ; also of a lover, Th.6.54, AP5.185 (Posidipp.), etc.;

    ἔχω Λαΐδα, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔχομαι Aristipp.

     ap. D.L.2.75, cf. Ath. 12.544d:—in [voice] Pass.,

    τοῦ περ θυγάτηρ ἔχεθ' Ἕκτορι Il.6.398

    .
    5 have in one's house, entertain, Od.17.515, 20.377, h.Ven. 231, 273.
    6 [tense] pres. part. with Verbs, almost, = with,

    ἤϊε ἔχων ταῦτα Hdt.3.128

    , cf. 2.115;

    ὃς ἂν ἥκῃ ἔχων στρατόν Id.7.8

    .δ', cf. X.Cyr.1.6.10.—Prose use.
    7 of Place, ἐπ' ἀριστερὰ ἔ. τι keep it on one's left, i.e. to keep to the right of it, Od.3.171;

    ἐπ' ἀριστερὰ χειρὸς ἔ. 5.277

    ; ἐν δεξιᾷ, ἐν ἀριστερᾷ ἔ., Th.3.106; τοὺς οἰκέτας ὑστάτους ἔ. X.Cyr.4.2.2: but in [tense] aor., get,

    περιπλώοντες τὴν Λιβύην τὸν ἥλιον ἔσχον ἐς τὰ δεξιά Hdt.4.42

    .
    8 of Habits, States, or Conditions, bodily or mental,

    γῆρας λυγρὸν ἔ Od.24.250

    ;

    ἀνεκτὸν ἔχει κακόν 20.83

    ;

    ἕλκος Il.16.517

    ;

    λύσσαν 9.305

    ;

    μάχην ἔ. 14.57

    ;

    ἀρετῆς πέρι δῆριν ἔ. Od.24.515

    ; ὕβριν ἔ. indulge in.., 1.368, etc.; [ Ἀφροδίτην] 22.445; [

    φρένας] ἔ. Il.13.394

    , etc.;

    βουλήν 2.344

    ;

    τλήμονα θυμόν 5.670

    ;

    τόνδε νόον καὶ θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἔχοντες 4.309

    , cf. Od.14.490 (for later senses of νοῦν ἔχειν, v. νοῦς)

    ; ἄλγεα Il.5.895

    , etc.;

    ἄχεα θυμῷ 3.412

    ;

    πένθος μετὰ φρεσίν 24.105

    ;

    πένθος φρεσίν Od.7.219

    ;

    πόνον.. καὶ ὀϊζύν Il.13.2

    , Od.8.529;

    οὐδὲν βίαιον Hdt.3.15

    ;

    πρήγματα ἔ. Id.7.147

    , cf. Pl.Tht. 174b, etc.: in periphrastic phrases, ποθὴν ἔ. τινός, = ποθεῖν, Il.6.362; ἐπιδευὲς ἔ. τινός, = ἐπιδεύεσθαι, 19.180; ἔ. τέλος, = τελεῖσθαι, 18.378; κότον ἔ. τινί, = κοτεῖσθαι, 13.517;

    ἐπιθυμίαν τινός E.Andr. 1281

    ;

    φροντίδα τινός Id.Med. 1301

    ; ἡσυχίην ἔ. keep quiet, Hdt.2.45, etc. ([tense] fut.

    ἡσυχίαν ἕξειν D.47.29

    , but οὐκ ἔσθ' ὅπως.. ἡ. σχήσει will not keep still for a moment, Id.1.14); αἰτίαν ἔ. to be accused, X.An.7.1.8;

    ὑπό τινος A.Eu.99

     (but μομφὴν ἔ., = μέμφεσθαι, E.Or. 1069, A.Pr. 445): in [tense] aor., of entering upon a state, ἔσχεν χόλον conceived anger, B. 5.104; ἔχειν τι κατά τινος have something against somebody, Ev.Matt.5.23, Ev.Marc.11.25, Apoc.2.4;

    ἔχω τι πρός τινα Act.Ap.24.19

    ;

    ἔχειν πρός τινα 2 Ep.Cor.5.12

    ;

    ἕξει πρὸς τὸν Θεόν JRS14.85

     ([place name] Laodicea): —these phrases are freq. inverted,

    οὓς ἔχε γῆρας Il.18.515

    ;

    οὐδὲ Ποσειδάωνα γέλως ἔχε Od.8.344

    ;

    ἀμηχανίη δ' ἔχε θυμόν 9.295

    ;

    θάμβος δ' ἔχεν εἰσορόωντας Il.4.79

    ;

    σ' αὔτως κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἔχει 17.143

    ;

    Διὸς αἴσῃ, ἥ μ' ἕξει παρὰ νηυσί 9.609

     (unless the antecedent is τιμῆς in 1.608);

    ὥς σφεας ἡσυχίη τῆς πολιορκίης ἔσχε Hdt.6.135

    ;

    ὄφρα με βίος ἔχῃ S.El. 225

     (lyr.): c. dupl. acc.,

    φόβος μ' ἔχει φρένας A.Supp. 379

    ; also of external objects,

    αἴθρη ἔχει κορυφήν Od.12.76

    ;

    μιν ἔχεν μένος ἠελίοιο 10.160

    ;

    σε οἶνος ἔχει φρένας 18.331

    ; ἔχῃ βέλος ὀξὺ γυναῖκα, of a woman in travail, Il.11.269; λόγος ἔχει τινά c. inf., the story goes, that.., S.OC 1573 (lyr.); and so in later Gr., Plu.Dem.28, Ph. 1.331, Ael.VH3.14, NA5.42, Ath.13.592e;

    ὡς ἡ φάτις μιν ἔχει Hdt. 7.3

    , cf. 5,26, 9.78 (but also

    ἔχει φάτιν Διονυσοφάνης θάψαι Μαρδόνιον Id.9.84

    ; [

    Κλεισθένης] λόγον ἔχει τὴν Πυθίην ἀναπεῖσαι Id.5.66

    ); ὡς ἂν λόγος ἔχῃ πρὸς ἀνθρώπους, ὅτι .. Plu.Alex.38:—[voice] Pass.,

    ἔχεσθαι κακότητι καὶ ἄλγεσι Od.8.182

    ;

    κωκυτῷ καὶ οἰμωγῇ Il.22.409

    ;

    ὀργῇ Hdt.1.141

    ;

    νούσῳ Hp.Epid.5.6

    ;

    ἀγρυπνίῃσι Hdt.3.129

    ;

    ὑπὸ πυρετοῦ Hp.Aph.4.34

    ;

    ὑπὸ τοῦ ὕδρωπος Id.Prorrh.2.6

    ,

    ἐν ἀπόρῳ Th.1.25

    ;

    ἐν συμφοραῖς Pl.R. 395e

    .
    9 possess mentally, understand,

    ἵππων δμῆσιν Il.17.476

    ;

    τέχνην Hes.Th. 770

    ;

    πάντ' ἔχεις λόγον A. Ag. 582

    , cf. E.Alc.51;

    ἔχετε τὸ πρᾶγμα S.Ph. 789

    ; ἔχεις τι; do you understand? Ar.Nu. 733: imper. ἔχε attend! listen! Pl.Alc.1.109b; ἔ. οὖν ib. 129b: with imper.,

    ἔχ', ἀποκάθαιρε Ar. Pax 1193

    ;

    ἔ. νυν, ἄλειψον Id.Eq. 490

    ; ἔχεις τοῦτο ἰσχυρῶς; Pl.Tht. 154a; know of a thing,

    μαντικῆς ὁδόν S.OT 311

    ; τινὰ σωτηρίαν; E.Or. 778 (troch.).
    10 keep up, maintain, καναχὴν ἔχε made a rattling noise, Il.16.105, 794; βοὴν ἔχον, of flutes and lyres, 18.495.
    11 involve, admit of,

    τά γ' αἰσχρὰ κἀνθάδ' αἰσχύνην ἔχει E.Andr. 244

    , cf. Th.1.5;

    βάσανον Lys.12.31

    ;

    ταῦτ' ἀπιστίαν, ταῦτ' ὀργὴν ἔχει D.10.44

    ; ἀγανάκτησιν, κατάμεμψιν, Th.2.41;

    τὰ ἀόρατα νοσήματα δυσχερεστέραν ἔχει τὴν θεραπείαν Onos. 1.15

    .
    12 of Measure or Value,

    τὸ Δαμαρέτειον.. εἶχε Ἀττικὰς δραχμὰς δέκα D.S.11.26

    ;

    ἔχει τὸ Εὐβοϊκὸν τάλαντον Ἀλεξανδρείους δραχμὰς ἑπτακισχιλίας App.Sic.2.2

    ;

    χοῖρος ἔχων τὸ ὕψος δύο καὶ ἡμίσους πήχεων Ptol.Euerg.9

    .
    13 c. dupl.acc.,

    Ὀρφέα ἄνακτ' ἔχειν E.Hipp. 953

    ;

    Ζῆν' ἔχειν ἐπώμοτον S.Tr. 1188

    ;

    παιδιὰν ἔ. τὸν ἐκείνου θάνατον Seleuc.

     Alex. ap. Ath.4.155e.
    II hold:
    1 hold, ἔ. χερσίν, ἐν χερσίν, μετὰ χερσίν, etc., v. χείρ; μετὰ γαμφηλῇσιν ἔ. Il.13.200; πρόσθεν ἔ. ἀσπίδα ib. 157; ὑψοῦ, πασάων ὑπέρ, ὄπιθεν κάρη ἔ., 6.509, Od.6.107, Il. 23.136; ἔ. τινί τι to hold it for him, as his helper, 9.209, 13.600; uphold,

    οὐρανὸν.. κεφαλῇ τε καὶ ἀκαμάτῃσι χέρεσσι Hes.Th. 517

    , 746; ἔχει δέ τε κίονας of Atlas, Od.1.53;

    ἐπ' ὤμων πατέρα S.Fr.

     373.
    2 hold fast, χειρὸς ἔχων Μενέλαον holding him by the hand, Il.4.154, cf. 16.763, 11.488 (v. infr. C.I); ἔ. τινὰ μέσον grip one by the middle, of wrestlers, Ar.Nu. 1047;

    ἔχομαι μέσος Id.Ach. 571

    , cf. Eq. 388, Ra. 469: metaph., ἔ. φρεσί keep in one's mind, Il.2.33;

    νῷ ἔ. τινά Pl.Euthphr.2b

    , cf. R. 490a.
    3 of arms and clothes, bear, wear,

    εἷμα δ' ἔχ' ἀμφ' ὤμοισι Il.18.538

    , cf. 595;

    παρδαλέην ὤμοισιν ἔ. 3.17

    ;

    σάκος ὤμῳ 14.376

    ;

    κυνέην κεφαλῇ Od.24.231

    ;

    τάδε εἵματ' ἔχω 17.24

    , cf. 573, etc.;

    στολὴν ἀμφὶ σῶμα E.Hel. 554

    , cf. X.Cyr.1.4.26, etc.; πολιὰς ἔχω I am grey-haired, Aeschin.1.49: abs., as a category, Arist.Cat. 2a3.
    4 of a woman, to be pregnant, Hdt.5.41, Hp.Epid.4.21, Arist.Pol. 1335b18; in full

    ἐν γαστρὶ ἔ. Hdt.3.32

    ; also

    πρὸς ἑωυτῇ ἔχειν Hp.Epid.1.26

    .ιγ.
    b παῖδα ἔσχεν she had, i.e. bore, a child, Nic.Dam.11 J.
    5 support, sustain, esp. an attack, c. acc. pers., Il.13.51, 20.27; cf. B.I.1, C. 111.
    6 hold fast, keep close, ὀχῆες εἶχον [πύλας] 12.456;

    θύρην ἔχε μοῦνος ἐπιβλής 24.453

    .
    7 enclose,

    φρένες ἧπαρ ἔχουσι Od.9.301

    ;

    σάρκας τε καὶ ὀστέα ἶνες ἔ. 11.219

    ;

    τοὺς δ' ἄκραντος ἔχει νύξ A.Ch.65

     (lyr.); of places, contain,

    θηρῶν οὓς ὅδ' ἔχει χῶρος S.Ph. 1147

     (lyr.), cf. X.Cyn.5.4; [

    τεῖχος] νῆας ἐντὸς ἔχον Il.12.8

    ;

    ὅσσους Κρήτη ἐντὸς ἔχει h.Ap.30

    .
    8 hold or keep in a certain direction, ὀϊστὸν ἔχε aimed it, Il.23.871; more fully

    χεῖράς τε καὶ ἔγχεα.. ἀντίον ἀλλήλων 5.569

    ; of horses or ships, guide, drive, steer,

    πεδίονδ' ἔχον ὠκέας ἵππους 3.263

    , cf. 11.760;

    φόβονδε 8.139

    ;

    τῇ ῥα.. ἔχον ἵππους 5.752

    , etc.;

    παρὲξ ἔχε δίφρον Hes.Sc. 352

    ;

    ὅπῃ ἔσχες.. εὐεργέα νῆα Od.9.279

    ;

    παρὰ τὴν ἤπειρον ἔ. νέας Hdt.6.95

    , etc.: abs., τῇ ῥ' ἔχε that way he held his course, Il.16.378, cf. 23.422; Πύλονδ' ἔχον I held on to Pylos, Od.3.182, cf. S.El. 720: metaph.,

    ἐπὶ ῥητορείαν ἔσχε Hsch.Mil.

    (?)ap.Sch.Pl.R. 600c; also (esp. in [tense] fut. σχήσω, [tense] aor. 2 ἔσχον), put in, land,

    νέες ἔσχον ἐς τὴν Ἀργολίδα χώρην Hdt. 6.92

    ;

    σχεῖν πρὸς τὴν Σαλαμῖνα Id.8.40

    ; ἐς Φειάν, τῷ Δήλῳ, κατὰ τὸ Ποσειδώνιον, Th.2.25,3.29, 4.129;

    τάχ' οὖν τις ἄκων ἔσχε S.Ph. 305

    ; ποῖ σχήσειν δοκεῖς; Ar.Ra. 188; ἔχε.. ἀρὰν ἐπ' ἄλλοις point it against others, S.Ph. 1119 (lyr.); ὄμμ' ἔ. to turn or keep one's eye fixed, Id.Aj. 191 (lyr.);

    ἐπὶ ἔργῳ θυμὸν ἔ. Hes.Op. 445

    ;

    ἄλλοσ' ὄμμα θητέρᾳ δὲ νοῦν ἔ. S.Tr. 272

    ;

    τὸν δὲ νοῦν ἐκεῖσ' ἔχει E.Ph. 360

    ; δεῦρο νοῦν ἔχε attend to this, Id.Or. 1181; πρός τινα or πρός τι τὸν νοῦν ἔ., Th.3.22, 7.19; so

    πρός τινα τὴν γνώμην ἔ. Id.3.25

    .
    9 hold in, stay, keep back,

    ἵππους Il.4.302

    , 16.712; check, stop, [ τινα] 23.720, etc. ( σχήσω is usu. [tense] fut. in this sense,

    τὸ πεπρωμένον οὐ σιδάρεον σχήσει τεῖχος Pi.Fr. 232

    , cf. Il.11.820, Ar.Lys. 284, D.19.272, but

    ἕξω Il.13.51

    ); χεῖρας ἔχων Ἀχιλῆος holding his hands, 18.33; but οὐ σχήσει χεῖρας will not stay his hands, Od.22.70; ἔ. [δάκρυον] 16.191; ἔ. ὀδύνας allay, assuage them, Il.11.848;

    ἔσχε κῦμα Od.5.451

    ;

    σιγῇ μῦθον 19.502

     (so

    εἶχε σιγῇ καὶ ἔφραζε οὐδενί Hdt.9.93

    );

    ἐν φρεσὶ μῦθον Od.15.445

    ; στόμα σῖγα, ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ, E.Hipp. 660, Fr.773.61 (lyr.);

    πόδα Id.IT 1159

    ; πόδα ἔξω or ἐκτός τινος ἔχειν, v. πούς:—[voice] Pass.,

    οὖρα σχεθέντα Aret.SA 2.5

    .
    10 keep away from, c. gen.rei, τινὰ ἀγοράων, νεῶν, Il.2.275, 13.687;

    γόων S.El. 375

    ;

    φόνου E.HF 1005

    : c.inf.,

    ἦ τινα.. σχήσω ἀμυνέμεναι Il.17.182

    ; stop, hinder from doing,

    τοῦ μὴ καταδῦναι X. An.3.5.11

    , cf. HG4.8.5;

    ἔσχον μὴ κτανεῖν E.Andr. 686

    , cf. Hdt.1.158, etc.;

    μὴ οὐ τάδ' ἐξειπεῖν E.Hipp. 658

    ; ὥστε μή .. X.An.3.5.11;

    τὸ μὴ ἀδικεῖν A.Eu. 691

    , cf. Hdt.5.101: also c. part.,

    ἔ. τινὰ βουθυτοῦντα S.OC 888

     (troch.);

    μαργῶντα E.Ph. 1156

    .
    11 keep back, withhold a thing,

    ὅς οἱ χρήματα εἶχε βίῃ Od.15.231

    , cf. D.30.14;

    Ἕκτορ' ἔχει.. οὐδ' ἀπέλυσεν Il.24.115

    , cf. 136; αὐτὸς ἔχε pray keep it, a civil form of declining, E.Cyc. 270.
    12 hold in guard, keep safe, Il.24.730; of armour, protect, 22.322.
    13 with predicate, keep in a condition or place,

    εἶχον ἀτρέμας σφέας αὐτούς Hdt.9.54

    , cf. 53, Ar.Th. 230;

    ἔ. ἑωυτοὺς κατ' οἴκους Hdt.3.79

    ;

    σαυτὸν ἐκποδών A.Pr. 346

    , cf. X.Cyr.6.1.37;

    σῖγα νάπη φύλλ' εἶχε E.Ba. 1085

    ;

    τοὺς στρατιώτας πολὺν χρόνον πειθομένους ἔ. X.Cyr.7.2.11

    .
    14 hold, consider,

    τινὰ θέᾳ ἰκέλαν Sapph. Supp.25.3

     (dub.), cf. E.Supp. 164;

    τινὰ ὡς προφήτην Ev.Matt.14.5

    ;

    τινὰ ὅτι προφήτης ἦν Ev.Marc.11.32

    ;

    ἔχε με παρῃτημένον Ev.Luc.14.18

    , cf.POxy.292.6 (i A.D.).
    III c.inf., have means or power to do, to be able, c. [tense] aor. inf., Il.7.217, 16.110, etc.: c. [tense] pres. inf., Od.18.364, etc.;

    πόλλ' ἂν λέγειν ἔχοιμι S.Ph. 1047

    : sts. with inf. omitted or supplied from context, ἀλλ' οὔ πως ἔτι εἶχε he could not, Il.17.354; οἷά κ' ἔχωμεν so far as we be able, Od.15.281;

    ἐξ οἵων ἔχω S.El. 1379

    ;

    ὅσον εἶχες E.IA 1452

    ;

    ὡς ἔχω Id.Hec. 614

    .
    b have to face, be obliged,

    παθεῖν Porph. Chr.63

    ;

    εἰ ἕξω βλαβῆναι Astramps.Orac.p.5

     H.;

    βάπτισμα ἔχω βαπτισθῆναι Ev.Luc.12.50

    .
    2 after Hom., οὐκ ἔχω, folld. by a dependent clause, I know not..,

    οὐκ εἶχον τίς ἂν γενοίμαν A.Pr. 905

    , cf. Isoc.12.130;

    οὐδ' ἔχω πῶς με χρὴ.. ἀφανίσαι S.OC 1710

    ;

    οὐκ ἔχων ὅ τι χρὴ λέγειν X.Cyr.1.4.24

    ;

    οὐκ ἔχω ποῖ πέσω S.Tr. 705

    ;

    ὅπως μολούμεθ' οὐκ ἔχω Id.OC 1743

    ; the two constructions combined,

    οὐ γὰρ εἴχομεν οὔτ' ἀντιφωνεῖν οὔθ' ὅπως.. πράξαιμεν Id.Ant. 270

    .
    IV impers. c. acc., there is.. (as in Mod. Gr.),

    ἔχει δὲ φυλακτήριον πρὸς τὸ μή σε καταπεσεῖν PMag.Par.1.2505

    , cf. 1262, 1840.
    B intrans., hold oneself, i.e. keep, so and so, ἔχον [οὕτως], ὥς τε τάλαντα γυνή (sc. ἔχει) kept balanced, like the scales which.., Il.12.433; ἕξω δ' ὡς ὅτε τις στερεὴ λίθος I will keep unmoved, as a stone.., Od.19.494, cf. Il.13.679, 24.27;

    νωλεμέως ἐχέμεν 5.492

    ; ἔγχος ἔχ' ἀτρέμας it kept still, 13.557; σχὲς οὗπερ εἶ keep where thou art, S.OC 1169;

    ἕξειν κατὰ χώραν Ar.Ra. 793

    , cf. Hdt.6.42, X.Oec.10.10; διὰ φυλακῆς ἔχοντες to keep on their guard, Th.2.81; ἔχε ἠρέμα keep still, Pl.Cra. 399e, etc.; ἔχε δή stay now, Id.Prt. 349e, Grg. 460a, etc.;

    ἔχ' αὐτοῦ D.45.26

    .
    6
    3 c. gen., keep from,

    πολέμου Th.1.112

     (cf. c. IV).
    4 with Preps., to be engaged or busy,

    ἀμφί τι A.Th. 102

     (lyr.), X.An.5.2.26, etc.;

    περί τινας Id.HG7.4.28

    .
    II simply, be,

    ἑκὰς εἶχον Od.12.435

    ;

    ἔ. κατ' οἴκους Hdt.6.39

    ;

    περὶ πολλῶν ἔ. πρηγμάτων Id.3.128

    ; ἀγῶνα διὰ πάσης ἀγωνίης ἔχοντα consisting in.., Id.2.91;

    ἔ. ἐν ἀνάγκαισι E.Ba. 88

     (lyr.);

    ὅπου συμφορᾶς ἔχεις Id.El. 238

    ;

    ἐκποδὼν ἔχειν Id.IT 1226

    , etc.
    2 freq. with Advbs. of manner,

    εὖ ἔχει Od.24.245

    , etc.; καλῶς ἔχει, κακῶς ἔχει, it is, is going on well or ill, v. καλός, κακός (but [tense] fut. σχήσειν καλῶς will turn out well, D.1.9, cf. 18.45;

    εὖ σχήσει S.Aj. 684

    ); οὕτως.. σχεῖν to turn out, happen thus, Pl.Ap. 39b; οὕτως ἔχει so the case stands, Ar.Pl. 110; οὕτως ἐχόντων, Lat. cum res ita se habeant, X.An.3.2.10;

    ὡς ὧδ' ἐχόντων S.Aj. 981

    ;

    οὕτω χρὴ διὰ στέρνων ἔχειν Id.Ant. 639

    ;

    οὕτως ἔ. περί τινος X.Mem.4.8.7

    , cf. Hdt.6.16;

    πρός τι D. 9.45

    ;

    τῇδ' ἔ. S.Ph. 1336

    ;

    κοσμίως ἔ. Ar.Th. 854

    ;

    ἥδιον ἔ. πρός τινας D.9.63

    ; ὡς εἶχε just as he was, Hdt.1.114;

    ὥσπερ εἶχε Th.1.134

    , X. HG4.1.30; ὡς ἔχω how I am, Ar.Lys. 610;

    ὥσπερ ἔχομεν Th.3.30

    ;

    τἀναντία εἶχεν D.9.41

    ; ἀσφαλέως, ἀναγκαίως ἔχει, = ἀσφαλές, ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστι, Hdt.1.86,9.27; καλῶς ἔχει no, I thank you, v. καλός.
    b c. gen. modi, εὖ ἔ. τινός to be well off for a thing, abound in it; καλῶς ἔ. μέθης to be well off for drink, i.e. to be pretty well drunk, Hdt. 5.20; σπόρου ἀνακῶς ἐ. to be busy with sowing, Id.8.109; εὖ ἐ. φρενῶν, σώματος, E.Hipp. 462, Pl.R. 404d;

    εὖ ὥρας ἔχον χωρίον Poll.5.108

    ; cf. ἥκω; so ὡς ποδῶν εἶχον as fast as they could go, Hdt.6.116, 9.59;

    ὡς τάχεος εἶχε ἕκαστος Id.8.107

    ;

    ὡς.. τις εὐνοίας ἢ μνήμης ἔχοι Th.1.22

    ;

    ὡς ὀργῆς ἔχω S.OT 345

    , cf. E.Hel. 313, 857, etc.; πῶς ἔχεις δόξης; Pl.R. 456d;

    οὕτω τρόπου ἔχεις X.Cyr.7.5.56

    ;

    μετρίως ἔ. βίου Hdt.1.32

    ;

    ὑγιεινῶς ἔ. αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ καὶ σωφρόνως Pl.R. 571d

    ;

    οὐκ εὖ σεαυτοῦ τυγχάνεις ἔχων Philem.4.11

    : also c. acc.,

    εὖ ἔ. τὸ σῶμα καὶ τὴν ψυχήν Pl.Grg. 464a

    , cf. X.Oec.21.7: c. dat.,

    οὕτως ἐχόντων τούτων τῇ φύσει D.18.315

    ;

    πῶς ἔχετε ταῖς διανοίαις Lycurg.75

    ;

    τῇ λέξει κακῶς ἔ. Isoc.9.10

    .
    III of direction, hold or turn towards, v. supr. A.11.8.
    3 lead towards,

    ὁδοὶ ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμὸν ἔ. Hdt.1.180

    , cf. 191, 2.17; ἔ. εἴς τι to be directed, point towards,

    ἔχθρης ἐχούσης ἐς Ἀθηναίους Id.5.81

    ; τὸ ἐς τοὺς Ἀργείους ἔχον what concerns them, Id.6.19; ταῦτα ἐς τὴν ἀπόστασιν ἔχοντα ib.2, etc.; of Place, extend, reach to,

    ἐπ' ὅσον ἔποψις τοῦ ἱροῦ εἶχε Id.1.64

    .
    4 ἐπί τινι ἔ. have hostile feelings to wards.., Id.6.49, S.Ant. 987 (lyr.).
    IV after Hom., ἔχω as auxiliary, c. [tense] aor. part. giving a perfect sense,

    κρύψαντες ἔχουσι Hes.Op.42

    ;

    ἀποκληΐσας ἔχεις Hdt.1.37

    ;

    ἐγκλῄσασ' ἔχει Ar.Ec. 355

    , cf. Th. 706; freq. in S.,

    θαυμάσας ἔχω OC 1140

    , cf. Ant.22, al.: also in late Prose,

    ἀναλώσας ἔχεις Aristid. Or.18(20).1

    ;

    ὅς σφε νῦν ἀτιμάσας ἔχει E.Med.33

    : less freq. c. [tense] pf. part., S.OT 701, Ph. 600, X.An.1.3.14,4.7.1: rarely c. [tense] pres. part.,

    πατρίδα καταστένουσ' ἔχεις E.Tr. 318

     (lyr.), cf. X.Cyn.10.11.
    2 part. ἔχων, with [tense] pres., adds a notion of duration to that of present action, τί κυπτάζεις ἔ.; why do you keep poking about there? Ar.Nu. 509; τί δῆτα διατρίβεις ἔ.; why then keep wasting time? Id.Ec. 1151; τί γὰρ ἕστηκ' ἔ.; ib. 853, cf. Th. 473, 852: without interrog., φλυαρεῖς ἔ., ἔ. φλυαρεῖς, you keep chattering, Pl.Grg. 490e, Euthd. 295c;

    κακοῦν ἔχοντ' αὐτὸν ἀποκτιννύναι D.23.35

     (and so possibly

    ἐνεργεῖ ἔ. Arist.Metaph. 1072b23

    );

    παίσδεις ἔ. Theoc.14.8

    : so in later Prose,

    παίζεις ἔ. Luc. Icar.24

    ; but ῥιπτεῖς ἔ.; do you throw away the prize when it is in your grasp? Aristid.1.443 J.
    C [voice] Med., hold oneself fast, cling closely,

    τῷ προσφὺς ἐχόμην Od. 12.433

    , cf. Il.1.513, etc.;

    πρὸς ἀλλήλῃσιν Od.5.329

    : mostly c. gen., hold on by, cling to, [ πέτρης] ib. 429;

    χερσὶν ἀώτου 9.435

    ;

    βρετέων A. Th.98

     (lyr.);

    ἑξόμεσθάσου Ar.Pl. 101

    ; τῆς πληγῆς ἔχ εται claps his hand on the place struck, D.4.40.
    2 metaph., cleave, cling to,

    ἔργου Hdt. 8.11

    , X.HG7.2.19;

    γεωργίας BGU7.6

     (iii A.D.);

    τῶν πραγμάτων Jul. Or.1.19a

    ; βιοτᾶς, ἐλπίδος, E. Ion 491, Fr. 409;

    τῆς αὐτῆς γνώμης Th.1.140

    ; lay hold on, take advantage of,

    τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἔχεο Thgn.32

    ;

    προφάσιος ἔχεσθαι Hdt.6.94

    ; fasten upon, attack, D.18.79; lay claim to,

    ἀμφοτέρων τῶν ἐπωνυμιέων Hdt.2.17

    ; to be zealous for, [ μάχης] S.OC 424;

    ἀληθείας Pl.Lg. 709c

    ;

    κοινῇ τῆς σωτηρίας X.An.6.3.17

    , etc.
    3 come next to, follow closely, ib.1.8.4;

    ἕπεσθαι ἐχομένους ὅτι μάλιστα τῶν ἁρμάτων Id.Cyr.7.1.9

    ; of peoples or places, to be close, border on, c. gen., Hdt.4.169, Th.2.96, etc.; freq. in part., τὴν ἐχομένην [τῶν νεωρίων] στοάν Aen. Tact.11.3; οἱ ἐ. the neighbouring people, Hdt.1.134; ὁ ἐχόμενος the next man, Aen.Tact.22.27; of Time, τὸ ἐχόμενον ἔτος the next year, Th.6.3;

    ὁ ἐ. διαλογισμός PRev.Laws 16.15

     (iii B.C.); τὰ ἐχόμενα τούτοις what follows, Pl.Grg. 494e (without

    τούτοις Isoc.6.29

    ).
    4 depend,

    ἔκ τινος Od.6.197

    , 11.346: c. gen.,

    σέο δ' ἕξεται Il.9.102

    .
    5 pertain to,

    ὅσα ἔχεται τῶν αἰσθήσεων Pl.Lg. 661b

    ;

    ἃ διδασκάλων εἴχετο Id.Prt. 319e

    ;

    ὅσα τέχνης ἔχεται Id.Men. 94b

    , etc.: esp. in Hdt. in periphrases, τὰ τῶν ὀνειράτων, καρπῶν ἐχόμενα, 1.120, 193;

    ὀρνίθων ἢ ἰχθύων 2.77

    ; σιτίων, ἐσθῆτος, 3.25,66.
    III maintain oneself, hold one's ground, 12.126;

    ἔχεο κρατερῶς 16.501

    .
    2 c. acc., keep off from oneself, repel, 17.639 (unless σχήσεσθαι is [voice] Pass., cf. 9.235).
    IV keep oneself back, abstain or refrain from, ἀϋτῆς, μάχης, 2.98, 3.84;

    βίης Od.4.422

    ;

    ἐχώμεθα δηϊοτῆτος ἐκ βελέων Il.14.129

    ;

    τῆς ἀγωγῆς Hdt.6.85

    ;

    τῆς τιμωρίης Id.7.169

    ;

    τῶν ἀθίκτων S.OT 891

     (lyr., s.v.l.): c.inf., A.R.1.328;

    οὐκ ἂν ἐσχόμην τὸ μὴ ἀποκλῇσαι S.OT 1387

    ; κακῶν ἄπο χεῖρας ἔχεσθαι to keep one's hands from ill, Od.22.316;

    Μενέλεω σχέσθαι χέρα E.Rh. 174

    : abs., σχέο, σχέσθε, hold! cease! Il.21.379, 22.416.
    ------------------------------------
    ἔχω (B),
    A bear, carry, bring, imper.

    ϝεχέτω Schwyzer 686.24

     (Pamphyl., iv B. C.): [ per.] 3sg. [tense] aor. 1

    ἔϝεξε

     brought as an offering,

    Inscr.Cypr. 66

     H. (Cf. Skt. váhati, Lat. veho, Γαιάϝοχος.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἔχω

  • 13 ὅτι

    ὅτῐ, [dialect] Ep. [full] ὅττῐ (both in Hom.): Conj., to introduce an objective clause,
    A that, after Verbs of seeing or knowing, thinking or saying; in Hom. freq. strengthd. ὅτι ῥα, and ὅτι δή:—Usage:
    I when ὅτι introduces a statement of fact:
    a in Hom. always with ind., the tense following the same rules as in English,

    ἤγγειλ' ὅττι ῥά οἱ πόσις ἔκτοθι μίμνε πυλάων Il.22.439

    .
    b in [dialect] Att., ὅτι takes ind. after primary tenses, ind. or opt. after secondary tenses, e.g.

    ἐνδείκνυμαι ὅτι οὐκ ἔστι σοφός Pl.Ap. 23b

    ;

    ᾔσθετο ὅτι τὸ Μένωνος στράτευμα ἤδη ἐν Κιλικίᾳ ἦν X.An.1.2.21

    , cf. 2.2.15, al.;

    ἔλεγον ὅτι οὐκ ὀρθῶς αἱ σπονδαὶ γένοιντο Th.5.61

    , cf. Pl.Phd. 59e, etc.;

    ἠπείλησ' ὅτι.. βαδιοίμην Ar.Pl. 88

    : the ind. is freq. retained in the same tense which the speaker used or would have used, ἠγγέλθη.. ὅτι Μέγαρα ἀφέστηκε news came that Megara had (lit. has) revolted, Th.1.114; ἀποκρινάμενοι ὅτι πέμψουσι ib.90: sts. opt. and ind. are found in the same sentence,

    ἔλεγον, ὅτι Κῦρος μὲν τέθνηκεν, Ἀριαῖος δὲ πεφευγὼς.. εἴη X.An. 2.1.3

    ;

    Περικλῆς.. προηγόρευε.. ὅτι Ἀρχίδαμος μέν οἱ ξένος εἴη.., τοὺς δ' ἀγροὺς τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ καὶ οἰκίας.., ἀφίησιν αὐτὰ δημόσια εἶναι Th. 2.13

    , cf. Pl.Phd. 61b, etc.: also ὅτι .. and the acc. with inf. are found together, Th.3.25, X.Cyr.1.3.13.
    2 when ὅτι introduces a conditional sentence, the Constr. after ὅτι is the same as in independent conditional sentences, εἴ τις ἔροιτο, καθ' ὁποίους νόμους δεῖ πολιτεύεσθαι, δῆλον ὅτι ἀποκρίναισθ' ἄν .. it is manifest that you would answer.., D.46.12, cf. X.Mem.1.6.12.
    II ὅτι is freq. inserted pleon. in introducing a quotation (where we use no Conj. and put inverted commas), λόγον τόνδε ἐκφαίνει ὁ Πρωτεύς, λέγων ὅτι ἐγὼ εἰ μὴ περὶ πολλοῦ ἡγεύμην .. Hdt.2.115; καὶ ἐγὼ εἶπον, ὅ. ἡ αὐτή μοι ἀρχή ἐστι .. Pl.Prt. 318a, cf. 356a, 361a, etc.; even where the quotation consists of one word, ib. 330c, Men. 74b, 74c.
    2 ὅ. is also used pleon. with the inf. and acc. (cf.

    ὡς B.

     I.I), εἶπον ὅτι πρῶτον ἐμὲ χρῆναι πειραθῆναι κατ' ἐμαυτόν (which is in fact a mixture of two constrr.) Id.Lg. 892d, cf. Phd.63c, X.HG2.2.2, etc.; but ὅτι has freq. been wrongly inserted by the copyists, as if εἶπεν or λέγουσιν must be followed by it, as in Th.4.37 (om. Pap.), X.Cyr.5.4.1, etc.
    III ὅτι in [dialect] Att. freq. represents a whole sentence, esp. in affirm. answers, οὐκοῦν.. τὸ ἀδικεῖν κάκιον ἂν εἴη τοῦ ἀδικεῖσθαι. Answ. δῆλον δὴ ὅτι (i.e. ὅτι κάκιον ἂν εἴη, or ὅτι ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει) Pl.Grg. 475c; cf. οἶδ' ὅτι, ἴσθ' ὅτι, οἶσθ' ὅτι, S.Ant. 276, 758, Pl.Grg. 486a, etc.: hence arose the practice of using δηλονότι (q.v.) as Adv.
    2 what we make the subject of the Verb which follows ὅτι freq. stands in the preceding clause, Αυκάονας δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ εἴδομεν, ὅτι.. καρποῦνται (for εἴδομεν, ὅτι Λυκάονες καρποῦνται) X.An.3.2.23, cf. 3.2.29, etc.
    IV ὅτι sts.= with regard to the fact that,

    ὅτι.. οὔ φησι.. ὄνομα εἶναι, ὑποπτεύω αὐτὸν σκώπτειν Pl.Cra. 384c

    , cf. Prt. 330e, etc.
    V οὐχ ὅ..., ἀλλὰ or

    ἀλλὰ καὶ.., οὐχ ὅ. ὁ Κρίτων ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ ἦν, ἀλλὰ οἱ φίλοι αὐτοῦ

     not only

    Crito

     .., but his friends, X.Mem.2.9.8; more fully,

    οὐ μόνον ὅ. ἄνδρες, ἀλλὰ καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες Pl.Smp. 179b

    : so folld. by ἀλλ' οὐδὲ.., ταύτῃ ἀδύνατα ἐξισοῦσθαι οὐχ ὅ. τὰ ἐν τῇ Εὐρώπῃ, ἀλλ' οὐδ' ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ not only the powers in Europe, but.., Th.2.97: οὐχ ὅ., not folld. by a second clause, means although,

    οὐχ ὅ. παίζει καί φησι Pl.Prt. 336d

    , cf. Grg. 450e, Tht. 157b; cf.

    ὅπως A.

     II. 2.
    B as a causal Particle, for that, because, generally after Verbs of feeling, Il.1.56, 14.407, al.;

    οὐδὲν ἐκπλαγείς, ὅτι.. εἶδες Jul.Or.1.31a

    : but without such a Verb,

    ὃν περὶ πάσης τῖεν ὁμηλικίης, ὅτι οἱ φρεσὶν ἄρτια ᾔδη Il.5.326

    , cf. 9.76, al.;

    μάλιστα δ' αὐτοὺς ἐπεκαλέσαντο ὅτι τειχομαχεῖν ἐδόκουν δυνατοὶ εἶναι Th.1.102

    , cf. And.1.75, Aeschin.3.231; so

    ὅτιπερ Th.4.14

    .
    b folld. by τί, ὅτι τί; why? (lit. because why?) D.23.214; ὅτι τί δή; Ar.Pl. 136, Luc.Dem.Enc.22; ὅτι δὴ τί μάλιστα; Pl.R. 343a; ὅτι δὴ τί γε; Id.Chrm. 161c; cf. ὁτιή.
    2 seeing that, in giving the reason for saying what is said, γλαυκὴ δέ σε τίκτε θάλασσα.. ὅτι τοι νόος ἐστὶν ἀπηνής as is proved by the fact that.., Il.16.35, cf. 21.488, Od.22.36. [The last syll. is never elided in [dialect] Att., prob. to avoid confusion with ὅτε: in Hom. ὅτ' ([etym.] ὅ τ') prob. always represents ὅτε ([etym.] ὅ τε): there are no examples of ὅττ': hiatus after ὅτι is permitted in Com., Ar.Lys. 611, Ach. 516.]

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὅτι

  • 14 τίη

    τίη ( τί ἦ): why then? why pray? τίη δέ; τίη δή; ἀλλὰ τίη; Il. 15.244, ο 32, Il. 20.251.

    A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > τίη

  • 15 γάρ

    γάρ (Hom.+) conj. used to express cause, clarification, or inference. Never comes first in its clause; usu. second, but also third (Hb 11:32), or even fourth (2 Cor 1:19, as e.g. Menand., Epitr. 883 S. [=563 Kö.]; Lucian, Pisc. 10, Philops. 15; s. B-D-F §452; 475, 2; Denniston 56–114; Schwyzer II 560).
    ① marker of cause or reason, for
    ⓐ abs. Mk 1:22; 9:49; Lk 1:15; 21:4; J 2:25; Ac 2:25; Ro 1:9; 1 Cor 11:5 and oft.—It should be noted that γάρ w. a verb (and nothing else) can form a sentence (Demosth. 21, 28 δίδωσι γάρ.; Epicurus in Diog. L. 10, 32 κινεῖ γάρ.; Menand., Sam. 666 S. [=321 Kö.] δεῖ γάρ.; Alexis Com. 286 Kock παύσει γάρ.; Axionicus Com. [IV B.C.] 6, 6 K.: Ael. Aristid. 13 p. 273 D.; Maximus Tyr. 10, 8g δύναται γάρ.; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 3, 3; Synes., Ep. 4 p. 163d ἠνεχυρίαστο γάρ.=for it had been seized as security; Aristaen., Ep. 2, 7; Anna Comn., Alexias 5, 1 vol. I p. 156, 8 R. προπέποτο γάρ.; et al.—Ps.-Demetrius, Form. Ep. p. 12, 2 as conclusion of a letter ὀφείλω γάρ.; Vi. Aesopi G 67 P. as the ending of a story: οὐκ ἔχεις γάρ.=you don’t have any [understanding, common sense]; Polyaenus 3 the introduction ends with the words: πρόδηλον γάρ.—See also CKraeling, JBL 44, 1925, 357f; RRottley, JTS 27, 1926, 407–9; RLightfoot, Locality and Doctrine in the Gosp. ’38, 10ff; CMoule, NTS 2, ’55/56, 58f) ἐφοβοῦντο γάρ. Mk 16:8 (s. φοβέω 1a). Conclusions of this kind at the end of Mk are also found in other lit. (Horapollo 2, 80 οὗτος γάρ; Plotin. V 5, 13, 36f κρείττον γὰρ τὸ ποιοῦν τοῦ ποιούμενου• τελειότερον γάρ. [Pvan der Horst, JTS n.s. 23, ’72, 121–24]).
    ⓑ used w. other particles and conjunctions ἰδοὺ γάρ (Jdth 5:23; 9:7; 12:12; 1 Macc 9:45) Lk 1:44, 48; 2:10; 6:23; 17:21; Ac 9:11; 2 Cor 7:11 al.; s. ἰδού 1c. καὶ γάρ (B-D-F §452, 3; B-D-R §452, 3) for (=Lat. etenim, Kühner-G. II 338; s. Chariton 3, 3, 16; 2 Macc 1:19; 4 Macc 1:2; 5:8) Mk 10:45; Lk 22:37; J 4:23; Ac 19:40; 1 Cor 5:7; Hb 5:12; 12:29; Hs 9, 8, 2; for also, for even (B-D-F §452, 3; ZNW 19, 1920, 175f) Mt 8:9; Lk 6:32f; 7:8; 11:4; J 4:45; Ro 11:1; 15:3; 16:2; 2 Cor 2:10. S. FGrosheide, καὶ γάρ in het NT: TSt 33, 1915, 108–10. γὰρ καί for also, for precisely 2 Cor 2:9 (ParJer 7:6 εἰς τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ ἀπεστάλην). τε γάρ for indeed (X., Mem. 1, 1, 3) Ro 1:26; 7:7; Hb 2:11 (s. τέ 2b). μὲν γάρ (3 Macc 2:15f) often followed by δέ, ἀλλά Ac 13:36; 23:8; 28:22; 2 Cor 9:1; 11:4; Hb 7:20; 12:10 (s. μέν 1aα, β); ὅτι μὲν γὰρ … ἀλλά Ac 4:16. καὶ γὰρ οὐ 1 Cor 11:9; οὐ γάρ Mt 10:20; Mk 4:22; 6:52; J 3:17; Ac 2:34; Ro 1:16; 2:11, 13, 28; 4:13; 1 Cor 1:17; 2 Cor 1:8; Gal 4:30 and oft. μὴ γάρ Js 1:7 (TestAbr A 2, 79, 9 [Stone p. 6]; GrBar 6:6). οὐδὲ γάρ Lk 20:36; J 5:22; 7:5; 8:42; Ro 8:7; Gal 1:12 (s. οὐδέ 2). οὔτε γὰρ … οὔτε (Wsd 12:13; Sir 30:19) for neither … nor 1 Th 2:5.
    ⓒ γάρ is somet. repeated. It occurs twice either to introduce several arguments for the same assertion, as (Sir 37:13f; 38:1f; Wsd 7:16f) J 8:42; 1 Cor 16:7; 2 Cor 11:19f; or to have one clause confirm the other, as (Jdth 5:23; 7:27; 1 Macc 11:10) Mt 10:19f; Lk 8:29; J 5:21f, 46; Ac 2:15; Ro 6:14; 8:2f; Hv 5:3; or to have various assertions of one and the same sentence confirmed one after the other Mt 3:2f; J 3:19f (cp. Wsd 1:5f; EpJer 6; 7). γάρ also occurs three times (Wsd 9:13–15; 14:27–29) Mt 16:25–27; Lk 9:24–26; Ro 4:13–15; 2 Cor 3:9–11; four times Mk 8:35–38; Ro 1:16–18; even five times 1 Cor 9:15–17.
    ⓓ the general is confirmed by the specific Mk 7:10; Lk 12:52; Ro 7:2; 1 Cor 12:8; —the specific by the general Mt 7:8; 13:12; 22:14; Mk 4:22, 25; Ro 2:2 v.l.
    ⓔ oft. the thought to be supported is not expressed, but must be supplied fr. the context: (He has truly been born) for we have seen his star Mt 2:2. (Let no one refuse) ὸ̔ς γὰρ ἐὰν θέλῃ Mk 8:35; Lk 9:24. (Let no disciple fail to testify) ὸ̔ς γὰρ ἐὰν ἐπαισχυνθῇ με Mk 8:38. This is common; cp. Ac 13:36; 21:13; 22:26; Ro 8:18; 14:10; 1 Cor 1:18; 5:3; 9:9, 17; 14:9. Sim. w. other particles καὶ γάρ Mt 15:27; 2 Cor 5:2; 13:4; Phil 2:27; 1 Th 3:4; 4:10. καὶ γὰρ οὐ 2 Cor 3:10. μὲν γάρ Ro 2:25; 1 Cor 5:3; 11:7; 2 Cor 9:1; Hb 7:18. οὐ γάρ Mt 9:13; Mk 9:6; Lk 6:43f; Ac 4:20; Ro 8:15; 2 Cor 1:13 (also s. καί 2iα, and μέν 1aα).
    ⓕ oft. in questions, where the English idiom leaves the word untransl., adds then, pray, or prefixes what! or why! to the question (Hyperid., Fgm. 219; Ael. Aristid. 47, 27 K.=23 p. 452 D.; TestJob 23:8 τὶ γὰρ μοι ἡ θρίξ … ; Jos., Bell. 1, 589, Ant. 9, 92) ἱνατί γὰρ … κρίνεται for what reason … should be judged 1 Cor 10:29. ποῖον γὰρ κλέος; what credit is there? 1 Pt 2:20. μὴ γὰρ … ἔρχεται; what! Is the Messiah to hail fr. Galilee? J 7:41. μὴ γὰρ οἰκίας οὐκ ἔχετε; what! Have you no houses? 1 Cor 11:22. S. μή 3a.—ποία γὰρ ἡ ζωὴ ὑμῶν; what, pray, is your life? Js 4:14 v.l. πῶς γὰρ ἂν δυναίμην; how in the world can I? Ac 8:31.—Esp. τίς γάρ; τί γάρ; in direct questions: Mt 9:5; 16:26; 23:17, 19 al. τί γὰρ κακὸν ἐποίησεν; why, what crime has he committed? 27:23; sim. Mk 15:14; Lk 23:22. τί γάρ; transitional, well, then Ro 3:3; what does it matter? Phil 1:18.
    ② marker of clarification, for, you see (Dionys. Hal., De Isocr. p. 542 Raderm.; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 10, 9 p. 373 κοῦφα γὰρ ὄντα; BGU 830, 20 ἐπεὶ γὰρ καὶ γείτων αὐτοῦ εἰμί=since I am also, as you see, his neighbor; Ps.-Demetr. 153 p. 35, 16 R.; Ps.-Callisth. 3, 2, 2 ἐγὼ γάρ=for I) Mt 12:40, 50; 23:3; 24:38; Mk 7:3; Lk 8:40; 9:14; J 3:16; 4:8f; Ro 7:2; Hb 2:8; 3:4; 2 Pt 2:8; AcPlCor 2, 4; 35.—Brief, explanatory parenthetical clauses (En 107:3 μυστηριακῶς γὰρ ἐδήλωσεν αὐτῷ; Diod S 13, 66, 6 ἦν γὰρ ὁ Κλέαρχος χαλεπός) Mt 4:18; Mk 1:16; 2:15; 5:42; 16:4; Ro 7:1; 1 Cor 16:5; Gal. 4:25 v.l. (cp. γὰρ δή 1 Cl 42:5). Akin to explanatory function is the use of γάρ as a narrative marker to express continuation or connection (in later Gk. writers, where more recent users of the texts, not finding the causal force they expect, would often prefer to see it replaced by δέ; unnecessarily, since the grammarian Trypho Alex. [I B.C.], Fgm. 54 ed. AvVelsen 1853 shows clearly that γάρ under certain circumstances εἷς οὖν ἐστὶν ἀντὶ τοῦ δέ=is one and the same thing as δέ). Indeed, in many instances γάρ appears to be used adverbially like our ‘now’ (in which the temporal sense gives way to signal an important point or transition), ‘well, then’, ‘you see’ (e.g. Diod S 20, 35, 1 ‘now’; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. §1; 120; 158; 197 [LDeubner, Bemerkungen z. Text der Vi. Pyth. des Jambl.’35, 30f]; Arrian, Ind. 33, 1 ἀλλὰ ἔπλωον γὰρ … =well, then, they sailed … ; schol. on Od. 4, 22 p. 174, 10 Dind.; ‘moreover’ SIG 1109, 28 [II A.D.]; ‘in the first place’ Jos., Bell. 7, 43, ‘now’ Ant. 1, 68): Ro 1:18; 2:25 (‘indeed’, ‘to be sure’ as Jos., Ant. 11, 8); 4:3, 9; 5:7 (‘but’); 12:3; 14:5; 1 Cor 10:1 (v.l. δέ); 2 Cor 1:12; 10:12; 11:5 (B δέ); Gal 1:11 (v.l. δέ); 5:13; 1 Ti 2:5. Cp. ἡμεῖς γὰρ J 9:28 v.l.—Confirming (Arrian, Ind. 22, 6 ἀλλὰ ἐκπεριπλῶσαι γὰρ … μέγα ἔργον ἐφαίνετο=but to sail seaward seemed indeed a dangerous undertaking; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 192 ἅπασαι μὲν γὰρ … =What has just been stated is apparent from the fact that all …). Especially in replies γάρ confirms what has been asked about (B-D-F §452, 2) yes, indeed; certainly 1 Th 2:20; 1 Cor 9:10.
    ③ marker of inference, certainly, by all means, so, then. In self-evident conclusions, esp. in exclamations, strong affirmations, etc. (Diogenes the Cynic in Diog. L. 6, 47 παῦσαι γάρ=stop, then) μὴ γὰρ οἰέσθω ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖνος not for a moment let such a person think Js 1:7; μὴ γάρ τις ὑμῶν πασχέτω by no means let any of you suffer 1 Pt 4:15; ἀναλογίσασθε γὰρ τὸν … ὑπομεμενηκότα yes indeed, consider him who endured Hb 12:3; οὐ γάρ no, indeed! Ac 16:37 (Aristoph., Nub. 232, Ran. 58; Pla., Rep. 492e; Lucian, Jupp. Conf. 16). In weakened sense it is somet. resumptive, esp. in long periodic sentences: ηὐδόκησαν γάρ they decided, then Ro 15:27. ἐλεύθερος γὰρ ὤν though I am free, then 1 Cor 9:19 (cp. vs. 1). Sim. 2 Cor 5:4. Many questions w. γάρ have both inferential and causal force.—S. τοιγαροῦν.—CBird, Some γάρ Clauses in St Mark’s Gospel: JTS n.s. 4, ’53, 171–87.—DELG. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > γάρ

  • 16 διά

    διά prep. w. gen. and acc. (Hom.+) (for lit. s. ἀνά, beg.); the fundamental idea that finds expression in this prep. is separation, esp. in the gen., with the gener. sense ‘through’; in the acc. the gener. sense also is ‘through’ (cp. the semantic range in Eng.), but primarily with a causal focus ‘owing to’.
    A. w. gen.
    ① marker of extension through an area or object, via, through
    ⓐ w. verbs of going διέρχεσθαι διὰ πάντων (sc. τόπων, EpArist 132) go through all the places Ac 9:32; cp. Mt 12:43; Lk 11:24. ἀπελεύσομαι διʼ ὑμῶν εἰς I will go through your city on the way to Ro 15:28; cp. 2 Cor. 1:16. διαβαίνειν Hb 11:29. διαπορεύεσθαι διὰ σπορίμων Lk 6:1. εἰσέρχεσθαι διὰ τῆς πύλης (Jos., Ant. 13, 229) Mt 7:13a; τ. θύρας J 10:1f; cp. vs. 9. παρέρχεσθαι διὰ τ. ὁδοῦ pass by along the road Mt 8:28; cp. 7:13b. παραπορεύεσθαι Mk 2:23; 9:30. περιπατεῖν διὰ τοῦ φωτός walk about through or in the light Rv 21:24. ὑποστρέφειν διὰ Μακεδονίας return through M. Ac 20:3.—Ἰης. ὁ ἐλθὼν διʼ ὕδατος καὶ αἵματος 1J 5:6 first of all refers quite literally to Jesus’ passing through water at the hand of John and through blood at his death (on the expression ‘come through blood’ in this sense cp. Eur., Phoen. 20 in Alex. Aphr., Fat. 31 II 2 p. 202, 10, of the oracle to Laius the father of Oedipus, concerning the bloody downfall of his house: πᾶς σὸς οἶκος βήσεται διʼ αἵματος). But mng. 3c may also apply: Jesus comes with the water of baptism and with the blood of redemption for his own.—AKlöpper, 1J 5:6–12: ZWT 43, 1900, 378–400.—The ῥῆμα ἐκπορευόμενον διὰ στόματος θεοῦ Mt 4:4 (Dt 8:3) is simply the word that proceeds out of the mouth of God (cp. Theognis 1, 18 Diehl3 τοῦτʼ ἔπος ἀθανάτων ἦλθε διὰ στομάτων; Pittacus in Diog. L. 1, 78 διὰ στόματος λαλεῖ; Chrysippus argues in Diog. L. 7, 187: εἴ τι λαλεῖς, τοῦτο διὰ τοῦ στόματός σου διέρχεται, i.e. if one e.g. says the word ἅμαξα, a wagon passes through the person’s lips; TestIss 7:4 ψεῦδος οὐκ ἀνῆλθε διὰ τ. χειλέων μου. Cp. also δέχεσθαι διὰ τῶν χειρῶν τινος Gen 33:10 beside δέχ. ἐκ τ. χειρ. τινος Ex 32:4).
    ⓑ w. other verbs that include motion: οὗ ὁ ἔπαινος διὰ πασῶν τ. ἐκκλησιῶν (sc. ἀγγέλλεται) throughout all the congregations 2 Cor 8:18. διαφέρεσθαι διʼ (v.l. καθʼ) ὅλης τῆς χώρας be spread through the whole region Ac 13:49. διὰ τ. κεράμων καθῆκαν αὐτόν they let him down through the tile roof Lk 5:19. διὰ τοῦ τείχους καθῆκαν through an opening in the wall (Jos., Ant. 5, 15) Ac 9:25; cp. 2 Cor 11:33. (σωθήσεται) ὡς διὰ πυρός as if he had come through fire 1 Cor 3:15. διασῴζεσθαι διʼ ὕδατος be brought safely through the water 1 Pt 3:20.—διʼ ὅλου J 19:23 s. ὅλος 2.
    ⓐ of a whole period of time, to its very end throughout, through, during διὰ παντός (sc. χρόνου. Edd. gener. write διὰ παντός, but Tdf. writes διαπαντός exc. Mt 18:10) always, continually, constantly (Hdt. 1, 122, 3; Thu. 1, 38, 1; Vett. Val. 220, 1; 16; PLond I, 42, 6 [172 B.C.] p. 30; BGU 1078, 2; PGM 7, 235; LXX; GrBar 10:7; EpArist index; Jos., Ant. 3, 281; SibOr Fgm. 1, 17; Just., D. 6, 2; 12, 3 al.) Mt 18:10; Mk 5:5; Lk 24:53; Ac 2:25 (Ps 15:8); 10:2; 24:16; Ro 11:10 (Ps 68:24); 2 Th 3:16; Hb 9:6; 13:15; Hm 5, 2, 3; Hs 9, 27, 3. διὰ νυκτός during the night, overnight (νύξ 1b) Ac 23:31. διʼ ὅλης νυκτός the whole night through Lk 5:5; J 21:6 v.l. (X., An. 4, 2, 4; Diod S 3, 12, 3 διʼ ὅλης τῆς νυκτός; PGM 4, 3151; Jos., Ant. 6, 37; cp. διʼ ἡμέρας all through the day: IPriene 112, 61 and 99; 1 Macc 12:27; 4 Macc 3:7). διʼ ἡμερῶν τεσσεράκοντα Ac 1:3 means either for forty days (Philo, Vi. Cont. 35 διʼ ἓξ ἡμερῶν. So AFridrichsen, ThBl 6, 1927, 337–41; MEnslin, JBL 47, 1928, 60–73) or (s. b below) now and then in the course of 40 days (B-D-F §223, 1; Rob. 581; WMichaelis, ThBl 4, 1925, 102f; Bruce, Acts). διὰ παντὸς τοῦ ζῆν throughout the lifetime Hb 2:15 (cp. διὰ παντὸς τοῦ βίου: X., Mem. 1, 2, 61; Pla., Phileb. 39e; Dionys. Hal. 2, 21; διʼ ὅλου τοῦ ζῆν EpArist 130; 141; 168).
    ⓑ of a period of time within which someth. occurs during, at (PTebt 48, 10) διὰ (τῆς) νυκτός at night, during the night (Palaeph. 1, 10; PRyl 138, 15 κατέλαβα τοῦτον διὰ νυκτός; Jos., Bell. 1, 229. S. νύξ 1b end) Ac 5:19; 16:9; 17:10. διὰ τῆς ἡμέρας during the day Lk 9:37 D (Antig. Car. 128 διὰ πέμπτης ἡμέρας=on the fifth day). διὰ τριῶν ἡμερῶν within three days Mt 26:61; Mk 14:58.
    ⓒ of an interval of time, after (Hdt. 6, 118, 3 διʼ ἐτέων εἴκοσι; Thu. 2, 94, 3; X., Mem. 2, 8, 1; Diod S 5, 28, 6 of transmigration of souls: διʼ ἐτῶν ὡρισμένων [=after the passing of a certain number of years] πάλιν βιοῦν; OGI 56, 38; 4 Macc 13:21; Jos., Ant. 4, 209): διʼ ἐτῶν πλειόνων after several years Ac 24:17. διὰ δεκατεσσάρων (s. under δέκα) ἐτῶν after 14 years Gal 2:1. διʼ ἡμερῶν several days afterward Mk 2:1. διὰ ἱκανοῦ χρόνου after (quite) some time Ac 11:2 D (X., Cyr. 1, 4, 28 διὰ χρόνου).
    ③ marker of instrumentality or circumstance whereby someth. is accomplished or effected, by, via, through
    ⓐ of means or instrument γράφειν διά χάρτου καὶ μέλανος write w. paper and ink 2J 12; cp. 3J 13 (Plut., Sol. 87 [17, 3]). διὰ πυρὸς δοκιμάζειν test by fire 1 Pt 1:7. διὰ χρημάτων κτᾶσθαι Ac 8:20. Hebraistically in expr. denoting activity διὰ χειρῶν τινος (LXX) Mk 6:2; Ac 5:12; 14:3; 19:11, 26. Differently γράφειν διὰ χειρός τινος write through the agency of someone 15:23; cp. 11:30. εἰπεῖν διὰ στόματός τινος by the mouth of someone (where the usage discussed in A1a is influential) 1:16; 3:18, 21; 4:25. εὔσημον λόγον διδόναι διὰ τῆς γλώσσης utter intelligible speech with the tongue 1 Cor 14:9. διὰ τοῦ νοὸς λαλεῖν speak, using one’s reason (=consciously; opp., ecstatic speech) vs. 19 v.l. Of the work of Christ: περιποιεῖσθαι διὰ τοῦ αἵματος obtain through his blood Ac 20:28; cp. Eph 1:7; Col 1:20. Also διὰ τοῦ θανάτου Ro 5:10; Col 1:22; Hb 2:14; διὰ τοῦ σώματος Ro 7:4; διὰ τῆς ἰδίας σαρκός AcPlCor 2:6; cp. 2:15; διὰ τοῦ σταυροῦ Eph 2:16; διὰ τῆς θυσίας Hb 9:26; διὰ τῆς προσφορᾶς τοῦ σώματος Ἰησοῦ through the offering of the body of Jesus 10:10; διὰ παθημάτων 2:10.
    ⓑ of manner, esp. w. verbs of saying: ἀπαγγέλλειν διὰ λόγου by word of mouth Ac 15:27; cp. 2 Th 2:15. διʼ ἐπιστολῶν by letter (POxy 1066, 9; 1070, 14f πολλάκις σοι γράψας διὰ ἐπιστολῶν πολλῶν; Tat. 12:3 δια γραφῆς in writing) 1 Cor 16:3; 2 Cor 10:11; cp. 2 Th 2:2, 15. διὰ λόγου πολλοῦ w. many words Ac 15:32. διʼ ὁράματος εἰπεῖν in a vision 18:9. διὰ παραβολῆς in an illustrative way, in a parable Lk 8:4. διὰ προσευχῆς καὶ δεήσεως προσεύχεσθαι call on (God) w. prayer and supplication Eph 6:18. διὰ βραχέων ἐπιστέλλειν write briefly Hb 13:22 (cp. 1 Pt 5:12 P72; Isocr. 14, 3; Lucian, Tox. 56; EpArist 128; Ath. 17:1 σκέψασθε … διὰ βρ.). Also διʼ ὀλίγων γράφειν 1 Pt 5:12 (Pla., Phileb. 31d; UPZ 42, 9 [162 B.C.]; 2 Macc 6:17).
    ⓒ of attendant or prevailing circumstance (Kühner-G. I 482f; X., Cyr. 4, 6, 6 διὰ πένθους τὸ γῆρας διάγων; Just., D. 105, 2 διʼ οὗ πάθους ἔμελλενἀποθνῄσκειν; PTebt 35, 9 [111 B.C.] διὰ τῆς γνώμης τινός=with someone’s consent; Jos., Bell. 4, 105) σὲ τὸν διὰ γράμματος καὶ περιτομῆς παραβάτην νόμου you who, (though provided) with the written code and circumcision, are a transgressor/violator of the law Ro 2:27. διʼ ὑπομονῆς 8:25. διὰ προσκόμματος eat with offense (to the scruples of another) 14:20. διʼ ἀκροβυστίας in a state of being uncircumcised 4:11. διὰ πολλῶν δακρύων with many tears 2 Cor 2:4. Cp. 6:7. διὰ τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως 2 Pt 1:3 ( through recognition [of God as source of the gifts], s. Danker, Benefactor 457). διὰ πυρός in fiery form AcPlCor 2:13.—Here prob. belongs σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας 1 Ti 2:15 (opp. of the negative theme in Gen. 3:16), but s. d next. On 1J 5:6 s. A1a above.
    ⓓ of efficient cause via, through διὰ νόμου ἐπίγνωσις ἁμαρτίας ( only) recognition of sin comes via the law Ro 3:20; cp. 4:13. τὰ παθήματα τὰ διὰ τοῦ νόμου passions aroused via the law 7:5. διὰ νόμου πίστεως by the law of faith 3:27; Gal 2:19. ἀφορμὴν λαμβάνειν διὰ τῆς ἐντολῆς Ro 7:8, 11; cp. 13. διὰ τ. εὐαγγελίου ὑμᾶς ἐγέννησα (spiritual parenthood) 1 Cor 4:15. Perh. 1 Ti 2:15 but s. c, above. διὰ τῆς σοφίας with its wisdom 1 Cor 1:21; opp. διὰ τῆς μωρίας τοῦ κηρύγματος through the folly of proclamation = foolish proclamation ibid. διὰ τῆς Λευιτικῆς ἱερωσύνης Hb 7:11. Freq. διὰ (τῆς) πίστεως Ro 1:12; 3:22, 25, 30f; Gal 2:16; 3:14, 26; Eph 2:8; 3:12, 17 al. Cp. AcPl Cor 2:8. πίστις διʼ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη faith which works through (=expresses itself in) deeds of love Gal 5:6. διὰ θελήματος θεοῦ if God is willing Ro 15:32; by the will of God 1 Cor 1:1; 2 Cor 1:1; 8:5; Eph 1:1; Col 1:1; 2 Ti 1:1.
    ⓔ of occasion διὰ τῆς χάριτος by virtue of the grace Ro 12:3; Gal 1:15 (Just., D. 100, 2).—3:18; 4:23; Phlm 22. διὰ δόξης καὶ ἀρετῆς in consequence of his glory and excellence 2 Pt 1:3 v.l.
    ⓕ in wording of urgent requests διὰ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν τοῦ θεοῦ by the mercy of God Ro 12:1; cp. 15:30; 1 Cor 1:10; 2 Cor 10:1.
    ④ marker of pers. agency, through, by
    ⓐ with focus on agency through ( the agency of), by (X., An. 2, 3, 17 διʼ ἑρμηνέως λέγειν; Menand., Fgm. 210, 1 οὐθεὶς διʼ ἀνθρώπου θεὸς σῴζει … ἑτέρου τόν ἕτερον; Achilles Tat. 7, 1, 3 διʼ ἐκείνου μαθεῖν; Just., D. 75, 4 διὰ παρθένου γεννηθῆναι; PMert 5, 8 γεομετρηθῆναι διʼ αὐτοῦ) ῥηθὲν διὰ τοῦ προφήτου Mt 1:22; 2:15, 23; 4:14 al. (cp. Just., A I, 47, 5 διὰ Ἠσαίου τοῦ πρ.). γεγραμμένα διὰ τῶν προφητῶν Lk 18:31; cp. Ac 2:22; 10:36; 15:12 al. διʼ ἀνθρώπου by human agency Gal 1:1. διὰ Μωϋσέως through Moses (Jos., Ant. 7, 338; Mel., P. 11, 77 διὰ χειρὸς Μωυσέως) J 1:17; under Moses’ leadership Hb 3:16. διʼ ἀγγέλων by means of divine messengers (TestJob 18:5 διὰ τοῦ ἀγγέλου; cp. Jos., Ant. 15, 136, but s. n. by RMarcus, Loeb ed., ad loc.) Gal 3:19; Hb 2:2. πέμψας διὰ τ. μαθητῶν εἶπεν sent and said through his disciples Mt 11:2f. Cp. the short ending of Mk. γράφειν διά τινος of the bearer IRo 10:1; IPhld 11:2; ISm 12:1, but also of pers. who had a greater or smaller part in drawing up some document (Dionys. of Cor. in Eus., HE 4, 23, 11) 1 Pt 5:12 (on the practice s. ERichards, The Secretary in the Letters of Paul ’91). In this case διά comes close to the mng. represented by (LWenger, D. Stellvertretung im Rechte d. Pap. 1906, 9ff; Dssm., LO 98 [LAE 123f]). So also κρίνει ὁ θεὸς διὰ Χρ. Ἰ. God judges, represented by Christ Jesus Ro 2:16. Christ as intermediary in the creation of the world J 1:3, 10; 1 Cor 8:6; Col 1:16.—εὐχαριστεῖν τ. θεῷ διὰ Ἰ. Χρ. thank God through Jesus Christ Ro 1:8; 7:25; Col 3:17.—Occasionally the mediation becomes actual presence (references for this usage in BKeil, Anonymus Argentinensis 1902, p. 192, 1; 306 note) διὰ πολλῶν μαρτύρων in the presence of many witnesses 2 Ti 2:2 (Simplicius in Epict. p. 114, 31 διὰ θεοῦ μέσου=in the presence of God as mediator; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 187 τὸ διὰ μαρτύρων κλαίειν=weeping in the presence of witnesses).
    ⓑ with focus on the originator of an action (Hom. et al.; pap, LXX, EpArist)
    α. of human activity (PSI 354, 6 [254 B.C.] τὸν χόρτον τὸν συνηγμένον διʼ ἡμῶν=by us; 500, 5; 527, 12; 1 Esdr 6:13; 2 Macc 6:21; 4 Macc 1:11) 2 Cor 1:11 (where διὰ πολλῶν resumes ἐκ πολλῶν προσώπων). ᾧ παρέλαβε κανόνι διὰ τῶν μακαρίων προφήτων καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου εὐαγγελίου AcPlCor 2:36.
    β. of divine activity:—of God (Aeschyl., Ag. 1485; Pla., Symp. 186e ἡ ἰατρικὴ πᾶσα διὰ τ. θεοῦ τούτου [Asclepius] κυβερνᾶται; Ael. Aristid., Sarap. [Or. 8 Dind.=45 Keil] 14 K. πάντα γὰρ πανταχοῦ διὰ σοῦ τε καὶ διὰ σὲ ἡμῖν γίγνεται; Zosimus in CALG p. 143 and a magic ring in introd. 133; EpArist 313) 1 Cor 1:9 διʼ οὗ ἐκλήθητε (v.l. ὑπό s. καλέω 4); Ro 11:36 (s. Norden, Agn. Th. 240–50; 347f); Hb 2:10b (s. B 2a, below; cp. Ar. 1:5 διʼ αὐτοῦ … τὰ πάντα συνέστηκεν).—Of Christ Ro 1:5; 5:9, 17f, 21; 8:37; 2 Cor 1:20 al. (ASchettler, D. paulin. Formel ‘durch Christus’ 1907; GJonker, De paulin. formule ‘door Christus’: ThSt 27, 1909, 173–208).—Of the Holy Spirit Ac 11:28; 21:4; Ro 5:5.
    ⑤ At times διά w. gen. seems to have causal mng. (Rdm. 142; POxy 299, 2 [I A.D.] ἔδωκα αὐτῷ διὰ σοῦ=because of you; Achilles Tat. 3, 4, 5 διὰ τούτων=for this reason; in Eng. cp. Coleridge, Anc. Mariner 135–36: Every tongue thro’ utter drouth Was wither’d at the root, s. OED s.v. ‘through’ I B 8) διὰ τῆς σαρκός because of the resistance of the flesh Ro 8:3.—2 Cor 9:13.—On the use of διά w. gen. in Ro s. Schlaeger, La critique radicale de l’épître aux Rom.: Congr. d’ Hist. du Christ. II 111f.
    B. w. acc.
    ① marker of extension through an area, through (Hom. and other early Gk. only in poetry, e.g. Pind. P. 9, 123 διʼ ὅμιλον ‘through the throng’; Hellenistic prose since Dionys. Hal. [JKäser, D. Präpositionen b. Dionys. Hal., diss. Erlangen 1915, 54]; ISyriaW 1866b τὸν πάτρωνα διὰ πάντα of the governor of a whole province) διήρχετο διὰ μέσον Σαμαρείας καὶ Γαλιλαίας Lk 17:11 (cp. SibOr 3, 316 ῥομφαία διελεύσεται διὰ μέσον σεῖο).
    ② marker of someth. constituting cause
    ⓐ the reason why someth. happens, results, exists: because of, for the sake of (do something for the sake of a divinity: UPZ 62, 2 [161 B.C.] διὰ τὸν Σάραπιν; JosAs 1:10 διʼ αὐτήν; ApcSed 3:3 διὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον; Tat. 8:2 διὰ τὸν … Ἄττιν; Ath. 30, 1 διὰ τὴν Δερκετώ) hated because of the name Mt 10:22; persecution arises because of teaching 13:21; because of unbelief vs. 58; because of a tradition 15:3; διὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον (the sabbath was designed) for people Mk 2:27; because of Herodias Mk 6:17 (cp. Just. D. 34, 8 διὰ γυναῖκα); because of a crowd Lk 5:19; 8:19 al; because of Judeans Ac 16:3. διὰ τὸν θόρυβον 21:34; because of rain 28:2. Juristically to indicate guilt: imprisoned for insurrection and murder Lk 23:25. διʼ ὑμᾶς on your account=through your fault Ro 2:24 (Is 52:5). διὰ τὴν πάρεσιν because of the passing over 3:25 (but s. WKümmel, ZTK 49, ’52, 164). διὰ τὰ παραπτώματα on account of transgressions 4:25a (cp. Is 53:5; PsSol 13:5); but διὰ τὴν δικαίωσιν in the interest of justification vs. 25b; s. 8:10 for a sim. paired use of διὰ. διὰ τὴν χάριν on the basis of the grace 15:15. διʼ ἀσθένειαν τῆς σαρκός because of a physical ailment (cp. POxy 726, 10f [II A.D.] οὐ δυνάμενος διʼ ἀσθένειαν πλεῦσαι. Cp. ἀσθένεια 1) Gal 4:13. διὰ τὸ θέλημα σου by your will Rv 4:11. διὰ τὸν χρόνον according to the time = by this time Hb 5:12 (Aelian, VH 3, 37 δ. τὸν χρ.=because of the particular time-situation).—W. words denoting emotions out of (Diod S 5, 59, 8 διὰ τὴν λύπην; 18, 25, 1 διὰ τὴν προπέτειαν=out of rashness; Appian, Celt. 1 §9 διʼ ἐλπίδα; 2 Macc 5:21; 7:20; 9:8; 3 Macc 5:32, 41; Tob 8:7): διὰ φθόνον out of envy Mt 27:18; Phil 1:15. διὰ σπλάγχνα ἐλέους out of tender mercy Lk 1:78. διὰ τ. φόβον τινός out of fear of someone J 7:13. διὰ τὴν πολλὴν ἀγάπην out of the great love Eph 2:4. διὰ τ. πλεονεξίαν in their greediness B 10:4.—Of God as the ultimate goal or purpose of life, whereas διά w. gen. (s. A4bβ above) represents God as Creator, Hb 2:10a (s. Norden, op. cit.; PGM 13, 76 διὰ σὲ συνέστηκεν … ἡ γῆ). Cp. J 6:57 (s. Bultmann ad loc.) PtK 2.
    ⓑ in direct questions διὰ τί; why? (Hyperid. 3, 17; Dio Chrys. 20 [37], 28; Ael. Aristid. 31 p. 597 D.; oft. LXX; TestJob 37:8; TestLevi 2:9; GrBar, Tat; Mel., Fgm. 8b, 42) mostly in an interrogative clause Mt 9:11, 14; 13:10; 15:2f; 17:19; 21:25; Mk 2:18; 11:31; Lk 5:30; 19:23, 31; 20:5; 24:38; J 7:45; 8:43, 46; 12:5; 13:37; Ac 5:3; 1 Cor 6:7; Rv 17:7. Simply διὰ τί; (Hyperid. 3, 23) Ro 9:32; 2 Cor 11:11. Also διατί (always in t.r. and often by Tdf.; TestJob 46:2) B 8:4, 6; Hm 2:5; Hs 5, 5, 5. Kvan Leeuwen Boomkamp, Τι et Διατι dans les évangiles: RevÉtGr 39, 1926, 327–31.—In real and supposed answers and inferences διὰ τοῦτο therefore (X., An. 1, 7, 3; 7, 19; oft. LXX; JosAs 7:7; Ar. 12, 2; Just., A I, 44, 5 al.; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 2, 3 Jac.) Mt 6:25; 12:27, 31; 13:13, 52; 14:2; 18:23; 21:43; 23:13 v.l.; 24:44; Mk 11:24; 12:24; Lk 11:19 al. Also διὰ ταῦτα (Epict.) Eph 5:6. διὰ τοῦτο ὅτι for this reason, (namely) that J 5:16, 18; 8:47; 10:17; 12:18, 39; 15:19; 1J 3:1. διὰ τοῦτο ἵνα for this reason, (in order) that (Lucian, Abdic. 1) J 1:31; 2 Cor 13:10; 1 Ti 1:16; Phlm 15. Also διὰ τοῦτο ὅπως Hb 9:15.
    ⓒ διά foll. by inf. or acc. w. inf., representing a causal clause, because (Gen 39:9; Dt 1:36; 1 Macc 6:53; GrBar 8:4; Demetr.: 722 fgm 1:1 al.) διὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν βάθος because it had no depth Mt 13:5f; Mk 4:5f (διὰ τὸ μή w. inf.: X., Mem. 1, 3, 5; Hero Alex. I 348, 7; III 274, 19; Lucian, Hermot. 31); because lawlessness increases Mt 24:12; διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν ἐξ οἴκου Δ.. Lk 2:4; because it was built well 6:48 al. διὰ τὸ λέγεσθαι ὑπό τινων because it was said by some Lk 9:7 (for the constr. cp. Herodian 7, 12, 7 διὰ τὸ τὰς ἐξόδους ὑπὸ τ. πυρὸς προκατειλῆφθαι=because the exit-routes were blocked by the fire).
    ⓓ instead of διά w. gen. to denote the efficient cause we may have διά, by
    α. w. acc. of thing (schol. on Pind., N. 4, 79a; 2 Macc 12:11; EpArist 77) διὰ τὸ αἷμα by the blood Rv 12:11. διὰ τὰ σημεῖα by the miracles 13:14.
    β. w. acc. of pers. and freq. as expr. of favorable divine action (Aristoph., Plut. 468; Dionys. Hal. 8, 33, 3, 1579 μέγας διὰ τ. θεούς ἐγενόμην; Ael. Aristid. 24, 1 K.=44 p. 824 D.: διʼ οὓς [= θεούς] ἐσώθην; SIG 1122; OGI 458, 40; PGM 13, 579 διῳκονομήθη τ. πάντα διὰ σέ; EpArist 292; Sir 15:11; 3 Macc 6:36: other exx. in SEitrem and AFridrichsen, E. christl. Amulett auf Pap. 1921, 24). ζῶ διὰ τὸν πατέρα J 6:57 (cp. PKöln VI, 245, 16 of Isis σὺ κυρεῖς τὰ πάντα, διὰ σὲ δʼ εἰσορῶ φαός ‘you are responsible for everything and thanks to you I can see light’). διὰ τὸν ὑποτάξαντα by the one who subjected it Ro 8:20.—DELG. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > διά

  • 17 καί

    καί conjunction (Hom.+), found most frequently by far of all Gk. particles in the NT; since it is not only used much more commonly here than in other Gk. lit. but oft. in a different sense, or rather in different circumstances, it contributes greatly to some of the distinctive coloring of the NT style.—HMcArthur, ΚΑΙ Frequency in Greek Letters, NTS 15, ’68/69, 339–49. The vivacious versatility of κ. (for earlier Gk. s. Denniston 289–327) can easily be depressed by the tr. ‘and’, whose repetition in a brief area of text lacks the support of arresting aspects of Gk. syntax.
    ① marker of connections, and
    ⓐ single words
    α. gener. Ἰάκωβος καὶ Ἰωσὴφ καὶ Σίμων καὶ Ἰούδας Mt 13:55. χρυσὸν καὶ λίβανον καὶ σμύρναν 2:11. ἡ ἐντολὴ ἁγία καὶ δικαία καὶ ἀγαθή Ro 7:12. πολυμερῶς κ. πολυτρόπως Hb 1:1. ὁ θεὸς κ. πατήρ God, who is also the Father 1 Cor 15:24; cp. 2 Cor 1:3; 11:31; Eph 1:3; Js 1:27; 3:9 al.—Connects two occurrences of the same word for emphasis (OGI 90, 19 [196 B.C.] Ἑρμῆς ὁ μέγας κ. μέγας; pap in Mayser II/1, 54) μείζων κ. μείζων greater and greater Hv 4, 1, 6. ἔτι κ. ἔτι again and again B 21:4; Hs 2, 6 (B-D-F §493, 1; 2; s. Rob. 1200).
    β. w. numerals, w. the larger number first δέκα καὶ ὁκτώ Lk 13:16. τεσσεράκοντα κ. ἕξ J 2:20. τετρακόσιοι κ. πεντήκοντα Ac 13:20.—The καί in 2 Cor 13:1 ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων καὶ τριῶν σταθήσεται πᾶν ῥῆμα=‘or’ ([v.l. ἢ τριῶν for καὶ τριῶν as it reads Mt 18:16]; cp. Js 4:13 v.l. σήμερον καὶ αὔριον=‘today or tomorrow’, but s. above all Thu. 1, 82, 2; Pla., Phd. 63e; X., De Re Equ. 4, 4 ἁμάξας τέτταρας καὶ πέντε; Heraclides, Pol. 58 τρεῖς καὶ τέσσαρας; Polyb. 3, 51, 12 ἐπὶ δυεῖν καὶ τρισὶν ἡμέραις; 5, 90, 6; Diod S 34 + 35 Fgm. 2, 28 εἷς καὶ δύο=one or two; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1091 p. 305, 22 W. τριέτης καὶ τετραέτης) by the statement of two or three witnesses every charge must be sustained, as explained by Dt 19:15.
    γ. adding the whole to the part and in general (Aristoph., Nub. 1239 τὸν Δία καὶ τοὺς θεούς; Thu. 1, 116, 3; 7, 65, 1) Πέτρος καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι Peter and the rest of the apostles Ac 5:29. οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς κ. τὸ συνέδριον ὅλον the high priest and all the rest of the council Mt 26:59. Vice versa, adding a (specially important) part to the whole and especially (πᾶς Ἰουδὰ καὶ Ἰερουσαλήμ 2 Ch 35:24; cp. 32, 33; 1 Macc 2:6) τοῖς μαθηταῖς κ. τῷ Πέτρῳ Mk 16:7. σὺν γυναιξὶ κ. Μαριάμ Ac 1:14.
    δ. The expr. connected by καί can be united in the form of a hendiadys (Alcaeus 117, 9f D.2 χρόνος καὶ καρπός=time of fruit; Soph., Aj. 144; 749; Polyb. 6, 9, 4; 6, 57, 5 ὑπεροχὴ καὶ δυναστεία=1, 2, 7; 5, 45, 1 ὑπεροχὴ τῆς δυναστείας; Diod S 5, 67, 3 πρὸς ἀνανέωσιν καὶ μνήμην=renewal of remembrance; 15, 63, 2 ἀνάγκη καὶ τύχη=compulsion of fate; 16, 93, 2 ἐπιβουλὴ κ. θάνατος=a fatal plot; Jos., Ant. 12, 98 μετὰ χαρᾶς κ. βοῆς=w. a joyful cry; 17, 82 ἀκρίβεια κ. φυλακή) ἐξίσταντο ἐπὶ τῇ συνέσει καὶ ταῖς ἀποκρίσεσιν αὐτοῦ they were amazed at his intelligent answers Lk 2:47. δώσω ὑμῖν στόμα κ. σοφίαν I will give you wise utterance 21:15. τροφὴ κ. εὐφροσύνη joy concerning (your) food Ac 14:17. ἐλπὶς κ. ἀνάστασις hope of a resurrection 23:6 (2 Macc 3:29 ἐλπὶς καὶ σωτηρία; s. OLagercrantz, ZNW 31, ’32, 86f; GBjörck, ConNeot 4, ’40, 1–4).
    ε. A colloquial feature is the coordination of two verbs, one of which should be a ptc. (s. B-D-F §471; Rob. 1135f) ἀποτολμᾷ κ. λέγει = ἀποτολμῶν λέγει he is so bold as to say Ro 10:20. ἔσκαψεν κ. ἐβάθυνεν (=βαθύνας) Lk 6:48. ἐκρύβη κ. ἐξῆλθεν (=ἐξελθών) J 8:59. Sim. χαίρων κ. βλέπων I am glad to see Col 2:5. Linking of subordinate clause and ptc. Μαριὰμ ὡς ἦλθεν … καὶ ἰδοῦσα J 11:32 v.l. Cp. παραλαβών … καὶ ἀνέβη Lk 9:28 v.l.
    ⓑ clauses and sentences
    α. gener.: ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει κ. τέξεται υἱόν Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14). εἰσῆλθον … κ. ἐδίδασκον Ac 5:21. διακαθαριεῖ τὴν ἅλωνα αὐτοῦ κ. συνάξει τὸν σῖτον Mt 3:12. κεκένωται ἡ πίστις καὶ κατήργηται ἡ ἐπαγγελία Ro 4:14 and very oft. Connecting two questions Mt 21:23, or quotations (e.g. Ac 1:20), and dialogue (Lk 21:8), or alternate possibilities (13:18).
    β. Another common feature is the practice, drawn fr. Hebrew or fr. the speech of everyday life, of using κ. as a connective where more discriminating usage would call for other particles: καὶ εἶδον καὶ (for ὅτι) σεισμὸς ἐγένετο Rv 6:12. καὶ ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς … καὶ (for ὅτι) ἔλεγον and the king learned that they were saying Mk 6:14 (s. HLjungvik, ZNW 33, ’34, 90–92; on this JBlinzler, Philol. 96, ’43/44, 119–31). τέξεται υἱὸν καὶ καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ (for οὗ τὸ ὄνομα καλ.) Mt 1:21; cp. Lk 6:6; 11:44. καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι καὶ ποιήσωμεν σκηνάς Mk 9:5. Esp. freq. is the formula in historical narrative καὶ ἐγένετο … καὶ (like וַ … וַיְהִי) and it happened or came about … that Mt 9:10; Mk 2:15; Lk 5:1 v.l. (for ἐγένετο δὲ … καὶ; so also the text of 6:12), 12, 17; 14:1; 17:11 al. (Gen 7:10 al.; JosAs 11:1; 22:1). S. MJohannessohn, Das bibl. Καὶ ἐγένετο u. seine Geschichte, 1926 (fr. ZVS 35, 1925, 161–212); KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 29–62; Mlt-Turner 334f; ÉDelebecque, Études Grecques sur L’Évangile de Luc ’76, 123–65; JVoelz, The Language of the NT: ANRW II/25/2, 893–977, esp. 959–64.—As in popular speech, κ. is used in rapid succession Mt 14:9ff; Mk 1:12ff; Lk 18:32ff; J 2:13ff; 1 Cor 12:5f; Rv 6:12ff; 9:1ff. On this kind of colloquial speech, which joins independent clauses rather than subordinating one to the other (parataxis rather than hypotaxis) s. B-D-F §458; Rdm.2 p. 222; Rob. 426; Dssm., LO 105ff (LAE 129ff), w. many references and parallels fr. secular sources. This is a favorite, e.g., in Polyaenus 2, 3, 2–4; 2, 4, 3; 3, 9, 10; 3, 10, 2; 4, 6, 1; 7, 36 al.
    γ. It is also coordination rather than subordination when κ. connects an expr. of time with that which occurs in the time (Od. 5, 362; Hdt. 7, 217; Thu. 1, 50, 5; Pla., Symp. 220c; Aeschin. 3, 71 νὺξ ἐν μέσῳ καὶ παρῆμεν; s. B-D-F §442, 4; KBrugmann4-AThumb, Griechische Gramm. 1913, 640*): ἤγγικεν ἡ ὥρα κ. παραδίδοται the time has come when he is to be given up Mt 26:45. κ. ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτόν when they crucified him Mk 15:25. κ. ἀνέβη εἰς Ἰεροσόλυμα when he went up to Jerusalem J 2:13. κ. συντελέσω when I will make Hb 8:8 (Jer 38:31); cp. J 4:35; 7:33; Lk 19:43; 23:44; Ac 5:7.
    δ. καί introducing an apodosis is really due to Hebr./LXX infl. (B-D-F §442, 7; Abel §78a, 6 p. 341; Mlt-H. 422; KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 66–72; but not offensive to ears trained in good Gk.: s. Il. 1, 478; Hdt. 1, 79, 2; sim.Thu. 2, 93, 4 ὡς ἔδοξεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐχώρουν εὐθύς; 8, 27, 5; Herm. Wr. 13, 1 …, καὶ ἔφης; Delebecque [s. above in β] 130–32) καὶ ὅτε ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼ …, κ. ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Lk 2:21; cp. Rv 3:20. Also κ. ἰδού in an apodosis Lk 7:12; Ac 1:10.
    ε. connecting negative and affirmative clauses Lk 3:14. οὔτε ἄντλημα ἔχεις κ. τὸ φρέαρ ἐστὶ βαθύ you have no bucket, and the well is deep J 4:11; cp. 3J 10 (οὔτε … καί Eur., Iph. Taur. 591f; Longus, Past. 1, 17; 4, 28; Aelian, NA 1, 57; 11, 9; Lucian, Dial. Meretr. 2, 4 οὔτε πάντα ἡ Λεσβία, Δωρί, πρὸς σὲ ἐψεύσατο καὶ σὺ τἀληθῆ ἀπήγγελκας Μυρτίῳ ‘It wasn’t all lies that Lesbia told you, Doris; and you certainly reported the truth to Myrtium’). After a negative clause, which influences the clause beginning w. καί: μήποτε καταπατήσουσιν … κ. στραφέντες ῥήξωσιν ὑμᾶς Mt 7:6; cp. 5:25; 10:38; 13:15 (Is 6:10); 27:64; Lk 12:58; 21:34; J 6:53; 12:40 (Is 6:10); Ac 28:27 (Is 6:10); 1 Th 3:5; Hb 12:15; Rv 16:15.
    ζ. to introduce a result that comes fr. what precedes: and then, and so Mt 5:15; 23:32; Mk 8:34; 2 Cor 11:9; Hb 3:19; 1J 3:19. καὶ ἔχομεν and so we have 2 Pt 1:19. Esp. after the impv., or expr. of an imperatival nature (Soph., Oed. Col. 1410ff θέσθε … καὶ … οἴσει, El. 1207; Sir 2:6; 3:17) δεῦτε ὀπίσω μου καὶ ποιήσω and then I will make Mt 4:19. εἰπὲ λόγῳ, κ. ἰαθήσεται ὁ παῖς μου speak the word, and then my servant will be cured Mt 8:8; Lk 7:7; cp. Mt 7:7; Mk 6:22; Lk 10:28; J 14:16; Js 4:7, 10; Rv 4:1.—καί introduces a short clause that confirms the existence of someth. that ought to be: ἵνα τέκνα θεοῦ κληθῶμεν, καὶ ἐσμέν that we should be called children of God; and so we really are (καλέω 1d) 1J 3:1 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 40 §161 they were to conquer Sardinia, καὶ κατέλαβον=and they really took it; 4, 127 §531 one day would decide [κρίνειν] the fate of Rome, καὶ ἐκρίθη).
    η. emphasizing a fact as surprising or unexpected or noteworthy: and yet, and in spite of that, nevertheless (Eur., Herc. Fur. 509; Philostrat., Her. 11 [II 184, 29 Kayser] ῥητορικώτατον καὶ δεινόν; Longus, Past. 4, 17 βουκόλος ἦν Ἀγχίσης καὶ ἔσχεν αὐτὸν Ἀφροδίτη) κ. σὺ ἔρχῃ πρὸς μέ; and yet you come to me? Mt 3:14; cp. 6:26; 10:29; Mk 12:12; J 1:5, 10; 3:11, 32; 5:40; 6:70; 7:28; 1 Cor 5:2; 2 Cor 6:9; Hb 3:9 (Ps 94:9); Rv 3:1. So also, connecting what is unexpected or otherw. noteworthy with an attempt of some kind (JBlomqvist, Das sogennante και adversativum ’79): but ζητεῖ κ. οὐχ εὑρίσκει but he finds none (no resting place) Mt 12:43. ἐπεθύμησαν ἰδεῖν κ. οὐχ εἶδαν but did not see (it) 13:17; cp. 26:60; Lk 13:7; 1 Th 2:18. Cp. GJs 18:3 (not pap). Perhaps Mk 5:20. Introducing a contrasting response καὶ ἀποδώσεις μοι Hv 2, 1, 3.
    θ. to introduce an abrupt question, which may often express wonder, ill-will, incredulity, etc. (B-D-F §442, 8. For older lit. exx. of this usage s. Kühner-G. II p. 247f; for later times EColwell, The Gk. of the Fourth Gospel ’31, 87f): κ. πόθεν μοι τοῦτο; how have I deserved this? Lk 1:43. κ. τίς; who then? Mk 10:26; Lk 10:29; J 9:36. καὶ τί γέγονεν ὅτι … ; how does it happen that … ? 14:22. καὶ πῶς σὺ λέγεις … ; how is it, then, that you say … J 14:9 v.l. W. a protasis εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ λυπῶ ὑμᾶς, κ. τίς ὁ εὐφραίνων με; for if I make you sad, who then will cheer me up? 2 Cor 2:2 (cp. Ps.-Clem., Hom. 2, 43; 44 εἰ [ὁ θεὸς] ψεύδεται, καὶ τίς ἀληθεύει;). Thus Phil 1:22 is prob. to be punctuated as follows (s. ADebrunner, GGA 1926, 151): εἰ δὲ τὸ ζῆν ἐν σαρκί, τοῦτο μοι καρπὸς ἔργου, καὶ τί αἱρήσομαι; οὐ γνωρίζω but if living on here means further productive work, then which shall I choose? I really don’t know. καὶ πῶς αὐτοῦ υἱός ἐστιν; how, then, is he his son? Lk 20:44 (cp. Gen 39:9).
    ι. to introduce a parenthesis (Eur., Orest. 4, Hel. 393; X., Equ. 11, 2.—B-D-F §465, 1; Rob. 1182) κ. ἐκωλύθην ἄρχι τοῦ δεῦρο but so far I have been prevented Ro 1:13.
    ⓒ oft. explicative; i.e., a word or clause is connected by means of καί w. another word or clause, for the purpose of explaining what goes before it and so, that is, namely (PPetr II, 18 [1], 9 πληγὰς … καὶ πλείους=blows … indeed many of them.—Kühner-G. II 247; B-D-F §442, 9; Rob. 1181; Mlt-Turner 335) χάριν κ. ἀποστολήν grace, that is, the office of an apostle Ro 1:5. ἀπήγγειλαν πάντα καὶ τὰ τ. δαιμονιζομένων they told everything, namely what had happened to those who were possessed Mt 8:33. καὶ χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος that is, grace upon grace J 1:16. Cp. 1 Cor 3:5; 15:38.—Mt 21:5.—Other explicative uses are καὶ οὗτος, καὶ τοῦτο, καὶ ταῦτα (the first and last are in earlier Gk.: Hdt., X. et al.; s. Kühner-G. I 647; II 247) and, also ascensive and indeed, and at that Ἰ. Χρ., καὶ τοῦτον ἐσταυρωμένον J. Chr., (and) indeed him on the cross 1 Cor 2:2. καὶ τοῦτο Ro 13:11; 1 Cor 6:6, 8; Eph 2:8. καὶ ταῦτα w. ptc. and to be sure Hb 11:12. See B-D-F §290, 5; 425, 1; 442, 9.—The ascensive force of καί is also plain in Ῥωμαῖον καὶ ἀκατάκριτον a Roman citizen, and uncondemned at that Ac 22:25. ἔρχεται ὥρα καὶ νῦν ἐστιν an hour is coming, indeed it is already here J 5:25. προσέθηκεν καὶ τοῦτο ἐπὶ πᾶσιν καὶ κατέκλεισεν τὸν Ἰωάννην ἐν φυλακῇ added this on top of everything else, namely to put John in prison Lk 3:20.
    ⓓ After πολύς and before a second adj. καί is pleonastic fr. the viewpoint of modern lang. (earlier Gk.: Hom. et al. [Kühner-G. II 252, 1]; cp. Cebes 1, 1 πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα ἀναθήματα; 2, 3; B-D-F §442, 11) πολλὰ … κ. ἄλλα σημεῖα many other signs J 20:30 (cp. Jos., Ant. 3, 318). πολλὰ κ. βαρέα αἰτιώματα many severe charges Ac 25:7. πολλὰ … καὶ ἕτερα Lk 3:18 (cp. Himerius, Or. 40 [=Or. 6], 6 πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα). πολλοὶ καὶ ἀνυπότακτοι Tit 1:10.
    ⓔ introducing someth. new, w. loose connection: Mt 4:23; 8:14, 23, 28; 9:1, 9, 27, 35; 10:1; 12:27; Mk 5:1, 21; Lk 8:26; J 1:19 and oft.
    ⓕ καί … καί both … and, not only …, but also (Synes., Dreams 10 p. 141b καὶ ἀπιστεῖν ἔξεστι καὶ πιστεύειν.—B-D-F §444, 3; Rob. 1182; Mlt-Turner 335) connecting single expressions Mt 10:28; Mk 4:41; Ro 11:33; Phil 2:13; 4:12. κ. ἐν ὀλίγῳ κ. ἐν μεγάλῳ Ac 26:29. κ. ἅπαξ κ. δίς (s. ἅπαξ 1) Phil 4:16; 1 Th 2:18. Connecting whole clauses or sentences: Mk 9:13; J 7:28; 9:37; 12:28; 1 Cor 1:22. Introducing contrasts: although … yet (Anthol. VII, 676 Δοῦλος Ἐπίκτητος γενόμην καὶ σῶμʼ ἀνάπηρος καὶ πενίην ῏Ιρος καὶ φίλος ἀθανάτοις ‘I was Epictetus, a slave; crippled in body and an Iros [a beggar in Hom., Od.] in poverty, but dear to the Immortals’) J 15:24; Ac 23:3. καὶ … κ. οὐ Lk 5:36; J 6:36. καὶ οὐ … καί 17:25; κ. … κ. now … now Mk 9:22. On τὲ … καί s. τέ 2c. Somet. w. ἤ q.v. 1aβ.—HCadbury, Superfluous καί in the Lord’s Prayer (i.e. Mt 6:12) and Elsewhere: Munera Studiosa (=WHatch Festschr.) ’46.
    ② marker to indicate an additive relation that is not coordinate to connect clauses and sentences, also, likewise, funct. as an adv.
    ⓐ simply κ. τὴν ἄλλην the other one also Mt 5:39; cp. vs. 40; 6:21; 12:45; Mk 1:38; 2:26; 8:7 and oft. Freq. used w. pronouns κἀγώ (q.v.). καὶ σύ Mt 26:73. κ. ὑμεῖς 20:4, 7; Lk 21:31; J 7:47 and oft. κ. αὐτός (s. αὐτός 1f).
    ⓑ intensive: even Mt 5:46f; 10:30; Mk 1:27; Lk 10:17; J 14:9 v.l.; Ac 5:39; 22:28; Ro 9:24 (ἀλλὰ καί); 1 Cor 2:10; 2 Cor 1:8; Gal 2:17; Eph 5:12; Phlm 21; Hb 7:25; 1 Pt 4:19 (but s. d below); Jd 23; Hs 5, 2, 10; 7:1; ἔτι καὶ νῦν Dg 2:3. CBlackman, JBL 87, ’68, 203f would transl. Ro 3:26b: … even in the act of declaring righteous (cp. the gen. abs. Polemon Soph. B 14 Reader καὶ Δάτιδος ἀποπλέοντος=even though Datis was sailing away). In formulas expressing a wish: ὄφελον καί if only, would that Gal 5:12. In connection w. a comparative: κ. περισσότερον προφήτου one who is even more than a prophet Mt 11:9. κ. μείζονα ποιήσει J 14:12.
    ⓒ In sentences denoting a contrast καί appears in var. ways, somet. in both members of the comparison, and oft. pleonastically, to our way of thinking καθάπερ …, οὕτως καί as …, thus also 2 Cor 8:11. ὥσπερ …, οὕτως καί (Hyperid. 1, 2, 5–8) Ro 5:19; 11:30f; 1 Cor 11:12; 15:22; Gal 4:29. ὡς …, οὕτως καί Ro 5:15, 18. ὸ̔ν τρόπον …, οὕτως καί 2 Ti 3:8.—οὕτως καί thus also Ro 6:11. ὡσαύτως καί in the same way also 1 Cor 11:25. ὁμοίως καί (Jos., Bell. 2, 575) J 6:11; Jd 8. ὡς καί Ac 11:17; 1 Cor 7:7; 9:5. καθὼς καί Ro 15:7; 1 Cor 13:12; 2 Cor 1:14; Eph 4:17. καθάπερ καί Ro 4:6; 2 Cor 1:14.—καί can also stand alone in the second member w. the mng. so also, so. ὡς … καί Mt 6:10; Ac 7:51; Gal 1:9; Phil 1:20. καθὼς … καί Lk 6:31 v.l.; J 6:57; 13:15; 1 Cor 15:49.—οἷος …, τοιοῦτος καί 1 Cor 15:48. After a comp. ὅσῳ καί by so much also Hb 8:6. καί is found in both members of the comparison (s. Kühner-G. II 256; 2 Macc 2:10; 6:14) Ro 1:13; 1 Th 2:14. καθὼς καὶ … οὕτως καί Col 3:13 (cp. Hyperid. 1, 40, 20–25 ὥσπερ καὶ … οὕτω καί; 3, 38).
    ⓓ w. expressions that introduce cause or result, here also pleonastic to a considerable degree διὰ τοῦτο καί for this reason (also) Lk 11:49; J 12:18. διὸ καί Lk 1:35; Ac 10:29; Ro 4:22; Hb 13:12. εἰς τοῦτο καί 2 Cor 2:9. ὥστε καί 1 Pt 4:19 (but this pass. may well fit in b). ὅθεν καί Hb 7:25; 11:19.
    ⓔ after an interrogative (as Thu., X., et al.; s. Kühner-G. II 255. S. also B-D-F §442, 14) at all, still ἱνατί καὶ τ. γῆν καταργεῖ; Lk 13:7. τί καί; (Hyperid. 3, 14 τί καὶ ἀδικεῖ; what kind of wrong, then, is he committing?) τί καὶ ἐλπίζει; why does he still (need to) hope? Ro 8:24. v.l. τί καὶ βαπτίζονται; why are they baptized (at all)? 1 Cor 15:29; cp. vs. 30.
    ⓕ used w. a relative, it oft. gives greater independence to the foll. relative clause: Mk 3:14; Lk 10:30; J 11:2 v.l.; Ac 1:3, 11; 7:45; 10:39; 11:30; 12:4; 13:22; 28:10; Ro 9:24; 1 Cor 11:23; Gal 2:10; Col 1:29 al.
    ⓖ used pleonastically w. prep.
    α. μετά (BGU 412, 6 μετὰ καὶ τ. υἱοῦ) Phil 4:3.
    β. σύν (ins in PASA III 612; PFay 108; BGU 179, 19; 515, 17) 1 Cl 65:1.—Dssm., NB 93 (BS 265f).
    ⓗ w. double names ὁ καί who is also called … (the earliest ex. in a fragment of Ctesias: 688 Fgm. 15, 51 p. 469, 23 Jac. ῏Ωχος καὶ Δαρειαῖος [s. Hatch 141]; OGI 565; 574; 583; 589; 603; 604; 620; 623; 636; POxy 45; 46; 54; 101; 485; 1279; PFay 30; BGU 22, 25; 36, 4; Jos., Ant. 1, 240; 5, 85; 12, 285; 13, 320; 18, 35. Further material in WSchmid, Der Atticismus III 1893, 338; Dssm., B 181ff [BS 313–17]. Lit. in B-D-F §268, 1) Σαῦλος, ὁ καὶ Παῦλος Ac 13:9. Ἰγνάτιος, ὁ καὶ Θεοφόρος ins of all the letters of Ign.
    ⓘ with other particles
    α. καὶ γάρ for (s. γάρ 1b).—καὶ γὰρ … ἀλλά (or granted that … but) 2 Cor 13:4; Phil 2:27.—καὶ γὰρ οὐ(κ): neither 1 Cor 11:9; for even … not 2 Cor 3:10.
    β. καί γε (without intervening word [opp. earlier Gk, e.g. Pla., Phd. 58d; Rep. 7, 531a]: Hippocr., Septim. 9, VII 450 Littré; Cornutus p. 40, 12; Περὶ ὕψους 13, 2; Rhetor Apsines [III A.D.] p. 332, 17 Hammer; TestReub 4:4 al.; for גָּם always in Theod. [DBarthélemy, Les devanciers d’Aquila ’63, 31ff]), weakened force: (if) only or at least Lk 19:42 v.l.; intensive: indeed (Jos. Ant 29, 19) Ac 2:18 (J 3:2 v.l.; Mel., P. 30, 207); Hm 8:5; 9:9. καί γε οὐ μακράν= and indeed God is not far Ac 17:27.—Kühner-G. II 176b; Schwyzer II 561; B-D-F §439, 2; Rdm.2 35–37.
    γ. καὶ … δέ and also, but also (s. δέ 5b).
    δ. καίτοι (Il. 13, 267 et al., ins, pap; 4 Macc 2:6; 5:18; 7:13; Ath. 8, 1 al.; Mel., P. 58, 422) particle (B-D-F §425, 1; 450, 3; Rob. 1129 and 1154) w. finite verb (Chion, Ep. 3, 1; Jos. Ant. 5, 78) yet, on the other hand Ac 14:17. W. gen. abs. foll. (BGU 850, 4 [76 A.D.] καίτοι ἐμοῦ σε πολλὰ ἐρωτήσαντος; 898, 26; Philo, Vi. Mos. 1, 20; Jos., Ant. 2, 321; Ath. 19, 2; 25, 2) Hb 4:3.—καίτοι γε or καί τοι γε (since Aristoph., Ach. 611; but esp. in later Gk. [cp. Schwyzer II 561; MMeister, De Aiocho dial., Breslau diss. 1915 p. 31, 5]; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 364b; Jos., Bell. 1, 7, Ant. 5, 36; Epict. 3, 24, 90; Just., A II, 11, 2; D. 7, 3; Ath. 3, 1; 22, 7; SIG 685, 76 and 82 [139 B.C.]) although J 4:2; Ac 14:17 v.l.; Dg 8:3. W. part. foll. (Jos., C. Ap. 1, 230; Mel., P. 58, 422) AcPt Ox 849, 18.—Kühner-G. II 151f; B-D-F §439, 1; 450, 3.—For ἀλλὰ κ., δὲ και, ἐὰν κ., εἰ κ., ἢ κ. s. ἀλλά, δέ, ἐάν, εἰ, ἤ.—ERobson, KAI-Configurations in the Gk. NT, 3 vols. diss. Syracuse ’79. LfgrE s.v. καί col. 1273f (lit.). DELG. M-M. EDNT.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > καί

  • 18 κατηφής

    κατηφής, ές (s. prec. entry; Hom. et al.; POxy 471, 92; Acta Alex. VII A, 92f; Wsd 17:4; Jos., Ant. 2, 55) downcast τί οὕτως κ. τῇ ἰδέᾳ; why do you look so downcast? Hv 1, 2, 3; τί οὕτως στυγνὸς κ., κύριε; why do you look so sad and downcast? AcPl Ha 7, 30. This word is restored in 8, 8: [κατηφ]ὲ̣ς ἀποθέμενον, but τῆς λύπης, as in the duplicate AcPl BMM recto 7 (s. λύπη), fits just as well. Although κατηφής is used in the immediate context of Ha, the pap also uses λύπη.—DELG.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > κατηφής

  • 19 μᾶλλον

    μᾶλλον (comp. of the adv. μάλα; Hom.+) ‘more, rather’
    ① to a greater or higher degree, more Phil 1:12. πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἔκραζεν he cried out even more loudly Mk 10:48; Lk 18:39. ἔτι μᾶλλον καὶ μᾶλλον more and more (cp. Diog. L. 9, 10, 2) Phil 1:9; Hs 9, 1, 8. ἐγὼ μᾶλλον I can do so even more Phil 3:4. The thing compared is introduced by ἤ (Apollon. Paradox. 9; Appian, Iber. 90 §392; Lucian, Adv. Ind. 2) Mt 18:13 or stands in the gen. of comparison (X., Mem. 4, 3, 8, Cyr. 3, 3, 45) πάντων ὑμῶν μ. γλώσσαις λαλῶ I (can) speak in tongues more than you all 1 Cor 14:18 (Just., A I, 12, 1 πάντων μᾶλλον ἀνθρώπων).—Abs. μ. can mean to a greater degree (than before), even more, now more than ever Lk 5:15; J 5:18; 19:8; Ac 5:14; 22:2; 2 Cor 7:7. Somet. it is also added to verbs: Σαῦλος μ. ἐνεδυναμοῦτο Ac 9:22.—In combination w. an adj. it takes the place of the comparative (Hom. et al.; Just., D. 107, 2 γενεὰν … μοιχαλίδα μ.; Synes., Ep. 123 p. 259d μ. ἄξιος) μακάριόν ἐστιν μᾶλλον Ac 20:35 (s. 3c below). καλόν ἐστιν αὐτῷ μᾶλλον Mk 9:42; cp. 1 Cor 9:15. πολλῷ μ. ἀναγκαῖά ἐστιν they are even more necessary 1 Cor 12:22. πολλὰ τ. τέκνα τῆς ἐρήμου μᾶλλον ἢ τῆς ἐχούσης τ. ἄνδρα the children of the desolate woman are numerous to a higher degree than (the children) of the woman who has a husband = the children are more numerous Gal 4:27 (Is 54:1).—Pleonastically w. words and expressions that already contain the idea ‘more’ (Kühner-G. I 26; OSchwab, Histor. Syntax der griech. Komparation III 1895, 59ff; B-D-F §246; Rob. 278) μ. διαφέρειν τινός Mt 6:26; Lk 12:24. περισσεύειν μᾶλλον 1 Th 4:1, 10; w. a comp. (Trag.; Hdt. 1, 32; X., Cyr. 2, 2, 12; Dio Chrys. 23 [40], 17; 32 [49], 14; Lucian, Gall. 13; Ps.-Lucian, Charid. 6; Just., A I, 19, 1 and D. 121, 2; Synes., Ep. 79 p. 227c; 103 p. 241d) πολλῷ μᾶλλον κρεῖσσον Phil 1:23. μᾶλλον περισσότερον ἐκήρυσσον Mk 7:36. περισσοτέρως μᾶλλον ἐχάρημεν we rejoiced still more 2 Cor 7:13. μ. ἐνδοξότεροι Hs 9, 28, 4. ὅσῳ δοκεῖ μ. μείζων εἶναι the more he seems to be great 1 Cl 48:6b.
    ② for a better reason, rather, all the more
    ⓐ rather, sooner (ApcMos 31 ἀνάστα μ., εὖξαι τῷ θεῷ) μ. χρῆσαι (X., Mem. 1, 2, 24) rather take advantage of it (i.e. either freedom or slavery) 1 Cor 7:21 (lit. on χράομαι 1a). The slaves who have Christian masters μᾶλλον δουλευέτωσαν should render them all the better service (so REB, NRSV) 1 Ti 6:2. νῦν πολλῷ μ. ἐν τ. ἀπουσίᾳ μου much more in my absence Phil 2:12. οὐ πολὺ μ. ὑποταγησόμεθα τ. πατρί; should we not much rather submit to the Father? Hb 12:9. τοσούτῳ μ. ὅσῳ all the more, since 10:25.
    ⓑ more (surely), more (certainly) πόσῳ μ. σοί how much more surely to you Phlm 16. πόσῳ μ. ὑμᾶς … ἐξεγείρει how much more will he raise you up (vivid use of the pres.) AcPlCor 2:31. πολλῷ μ. Ro 5:9 (s. HMüller, Der rabb. Qal-Wachomer Schluss. in paul. Theol., ZNW 58, ’67, 73–92). Very oft. a conditional clause (εἰ) precedes it (Epicurus in Diog. L. 10, 91 εἰ γὰρ …, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἄν=if …, how much more surely) εἰ τὸν χόρτον ὁ θεὸς οὕτως ἀμφιέννυσιν, οὐ πολλῷ μ. ὑμᾶς; if God so clothes the grass, (will God) not much more surely (clothe) you? Mt 6:30. Likew. εἰ … πολλῷ μ. Ro 5:10, 15, 17; 2 Cor 3:9, 11; εἰ … πόσῳ μ. if … how much more surely Mt 7:11; 10:25; Lk 11:13; 12:28; Ro 11:12, 24; Hb 9:14. εἰ … πῶς οὐχὶ μ.; if … why should not more surely? 2 Cor 3:8. εἰ … πολὺ μ. ἡμεῖς if … then much more surely we Hb 12:25. εἰ ἄλλοι … οὐ μᾶλλον ἡμεῖς; if others (have a claim), do we not more surely (have one)? 1 Cor 9:12 (μ. can also mean above all, especially, e.g. Himerius, Or. 40 [Or. 6], 2).—CMaurer, Der Schluss ‘a minore ad majus’ als Element paul. Theol., TLZ 85, ’60, 149–52.
    ③ marker of an alternative to someth., rather in the sense instead (of someth.)
    ⓐ following a negative that
    α. is expressed: μὴ εἰσέλθητε. πορεύεσθε δὲ μ. do not enter (into); go instead Mt 10:6. μὴ φοβεῖσθε … φοβεῖσθε δὲ μ. vs. 28; ἵνα μὴ τὸ χωλὸν ἐκτραπῇ, ἰαθῇ δὲ μ. Hb 12:13. μὴ …, μᾶλλον δέ Eph 4:28; 5:11. μὴ or οὐ …, ἀλλὰ μ. (TestBenj 8:3; JosAs 26:2 A [p. 80, 2 Bat.]; ParJer 2:5; Just., A I, 27, 5; Syntipas p. 17, 3; 43, 17) Mt 27:24; Mk 5:26; Ro 14:13; Eph 5:4; AcPt Ox 849, 20.
    β. is unexpressed, though easily supplied fr. the context: πορεύεσθε μ. (do not turn to us), rather go Mt 25:9. ἵνα μ. τὸν Βαραββᾶν that he should (release) Barabbas instead (of Jesus) Mk 15:11. ἥδιστα μᾶλλον καυχήσομαι (I will not pray for release), rather I will gladly boast 2 Cor 12:9. μᾶλλον παρακαλῶ (I do not order), rather I request Phlm 9; τοὐναντίον μ. on the other hand rather 2 Cor 2:7. μᾶλλον αἰσχυνθῶμεν we should be ashamed of ourselves (rather than mistrust Mary of Magdala) GMary Ox 463, 25.
    ⓑ οὐχὶ μᾶλλον not rather follows a positive statement: ὑμεῖς πεφυσιωμένοι ἐστέ, καὶ οὐχὶ μᾶλλον ἐπενθήσατε; you are puffed up; should you not rather be sad? 1 Cor 5:2. διὰ τί οὐχὶ μ. ἀδικεῖσθε; why do you not rather suffer wrong (instead of doing wrong to others)? 6:7a; cp. 7b.
    ⓒ μᾶλλον ἤ(περ) usually (exceptions: Ac 20:35 [Unknown Sayings, 77–81: this is not an exception, and renders ‘giving is blessed, not receiving’]; 1 Cor 9:15 [but see s.v. ἦ]; Gal 4:27) excludes fr. consideration the content of the phrase introduced by ἤ (Tat. 13, 3 θεομάχοι μ. ἤπερ θεοσεβεῖς; Appian, Iber. 26 §101 θαρρεῖν θεῷ μᾶλλον ἢ πλήθει στρατοῦ=put his trust in God, not in …) ἠγάπησαν οἱ ἄνθρωποι μ. τὸ σκότος ἢ τὸ φῶς people loved not light, but darkness J 3:19; cp. 12:43. ὑμῶν ἀκούειν μ. ἢ τοῦ θεοῦ, not obey God, but you instead Ac 4:19; cp. 5:29.—1 Ti 1:4; 2 Ti 3:4. τῷ ναυκλήρῳ μ. ἐπείθετο ἢ τοῖς ὑπὸ Παύλου λεγομένοις he did not pay attention to what Paul said, but to the captain of the ship Ac 27:11. Likew. μᾶλλον ἑλόμενος ἤ he chose the one rather than the other Hb 11:25.
    ⓓ μᾶλλον δέ but rather, or rather, or simply rather, introduces an expr. or thought that supplements and thereby corrects what has preceded (Aristoph., Plut. 634; X., Cyr. 5, 4, 49; Demosth. 18, 65; Philo, Aet. M. 23; Just., D. 27, 4; 29, 2; Ath. 17, 3 μ. δέ; cp. Ar.; Just., A I, 17, 4 and D. 79, 1 μ. δὲ καί) Χρ. Ἰ. ὁ ἀποθανών, μᾶλλον δὲ ἐγερθείς Chr. J. who died, yes rather was raised Ro 8:34. γνόντες θεόν, μᾶλλον δὲ γνωσθέντες ὑπὸ θεοῦ since you have known God, or rather have been known by God Gal 4:9; cp. 1 Cor 14:1, 5.—Rydbeck 80ff. DELG s.v. μάλα. M-M. EDNT.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > μᾶλλον

  • 20 χάριν

    χάριν acc. of χάρις, used as a prep. (B-D-F §160; Rob. 488) and (B-D-F §216, 1; Rob. 647) w. the gen. (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestSol 20:2; TestAbr A; JosAs 16:1 cod. A [p. 63, 3 Bat.]; ApcMos 36; Just., Tat.); almost always after the word it governs; only in 1J 3:12 before it (a tendency in later Gk.: SIG index p. 619b; PTebt 44, 8 [114 B.C.]; 410, 4 [16 A.D.]; PGiss 98, 1 [II A.D.]. The LXX also has it predom. before: Johannessohn, Kasus 244, 3; likewise Ar., Tat.) for the sake of, on behalf of, on account of.
    ⓐ indicating the goal (cp. Hes., Works 709 μηδὲ ψεύδεσθαι γλώσσης χάριν=do not lie for the sake of talking; Just., D. 30, 1 χάριν τοῦ γνῶναι; Tat. 23, 2 χάριν τοῦ φονεύσαι) τῶν παραβάσεων χάριν for the sake of transgressions, i.e. to bring them about and into the open Gal 3:19. αἰσχροῦ κέρδους χ. Tit 1:11. Cp. 1 Ti 5:14; Jd 16; 1 Cl 7:4. τούτου χάριν for this purpose (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 89 §375; Just., D. 1, 2) Tit 1:5. οὗ χάριν (Appian, Iber. 54 §230; Just., D. 2, 1; PFlor 99, 9 [I/II A.D.]) Dg 11:3. ὧν χάριν 1 Cl 55:6.
    ⓑ indicating the reason (Tat. 7, 1 χάριν τῶν ἀνδραγαθημάτων) χάριν τίνος ἔσφαξεν αὐτόν; for what reason (= why) did he kill him? 1J 3:12. οὗ χάριν for this reason, therefore (Philo, Op. M. 44) Lk 7:47 (JDublin, οὗ χάριν [Lk 7:47]: ET 37, 1926, 525f). τίνος χάριν; for what reason? why? (Polyb. 2, 42, 1; 3, 9, 1; UPZ 5, 42; 6, 29; JosAs 16 cod. A [p. 63, 2f Bat.]; EpArist 254; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 263; Just., A II, 12, 5; Tat. 4, 1) 1 Cl 31:2.—The τούτου χάριν (X., Mem. 1, 2, 54; Plut., Mor. 146e; SIG 888, 70f; BGU 884, 14; 1 Macc 12:45; TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 10 [Stone p. 32]; Jos., Ant. 4, 197) of Eph 3:1, 14 may be classed under a or b.—DELG s.v. χάρις. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > χάριν

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