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511e

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1 αὐτός

αὐτός (Cret. [full] ἀϝτός GDI4976, al.), αὐτή, αὐτό (also

A αὐτόν Leg.Gort. 3.4
, al.), reflexive Pron., self:—in oblique cases used for the personal Pron., him, her, it:—with Art., ὁ αὐτός, ἡ αὐτή, τὸ αὐτό (also ταὐτόν), etc., the very one, the same.

I self, myself, thyself, etc., acc. to the person of the Verb: freq. joined with ἐγώ, σύ, etc. (v. infr. 10),

1 one's true self, the soul, not the body, Od.11.602; reversely, body, not soul, Il.1.4; oneself, as opp. others who are less prominent, as king to subject, 6.18; Zeus to other gods, 8.4; bird to young, 2.317; man to wife and children, Od.14.265; warrior to horses, Il.2.466, or to weapons, 1.47; shepherd to herd, Od.9.167, cf. Il.1.51; Trojans to allies, 11.220; seamen to ships, 7.338: generally, whole to parts, ib. 474; so later ἡ σίδη καὶ αὐτὴ καὶ τὰ φύλλα Thphr.HP4.10.7
, cf. X.Ath.1.19, Pl.Grg. 511e, etc.; αὐτή τε Μανδάνη καὶ τὸν υἱὸν ἔχουσα X.Cyr.1.3.1
; αὐ. τε καὶ τὰ ποιήματα βουλόμενος ἐπιδεῖξαι Pl.R. 398a
: abs., the Master, as in the Pythag. phrase Αὐτὸς ἔφα, Lat. Ipse dixit; so τίς οὗτος.. ;— Αὐτός, i.e. Socrates, Ar.Nu. 218; ἀναβόησον Αὐτόν ib. 219;
ἀνοιγέτω τις δώματ'· Αὐτὸς ἔρχεται
the Master, Id.Fr. 268
, cf. Pl.Prt. 314d, Thphr.Char.2.4, Men.Sam.41: αὐ. ἀϋτεῖ Theoc.24.50
: neut., αὐτὸ σημανεῖ the result will show, E.Ph. 623; αὐτὸ δηλώσει D.19.157
; αὐτὰ δηλοῖ Pl.Prt. 329b
; αὐτὸ διδάξει ib. 324a; esp. αὐτὸ δείξει Cratin. 177
, Pl.Hp.Ma. 288b, cf. Tht. 200e; in full, τάχ' αὐτὸ δείξει τοὔργον S.Fr. 388
; τοὔργον τάχ' αὐτὸ δείξει Ar.Lys. 375
; redupl., αὐτός θ' ὁ χρήσας αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ μαρτυρῶν A.Eu. 798
; of things, the very, ὑπὸ λόφον αὐτόν, i.e. just, exactly under.., Il.13.615; πρὸς αὐταῖς ταῖς θύραις close by the door, Lys.12.12; αὐτὸ τὸ δέον the very thing needed, X. An.4.7.7; αὐτὸ ὃ μάλιστα ἔδει ῥηθῆναι Pl.R. 362d
; αὐτὸ τὸ περίορθρον the point of dawn, Th.2.3; αὐτὰ τὰ ἐναντία the very opposite, X.Mem. 4.5.7; αὐτὰ τὰ χρήσιμα καὶ ἀναγκαῖα D.H.Th.23
; even, οὔ μοι μέλει ἄλγος οὔτ' αὐτῆς Ἑκάβης Il.6.451
; εἴ περ ἂν αὐταὶ Μοῦσαι ἀείδοιεν 2.597
.—In these senses αὐτός in Prose either precedes both the Art. and Subst., or follows both, e.g. αὐτὸς ὁ υἱός or ὁ υἱὸς αὐτός. The Art. is sts. omitted with proper names, or Nouns denoting individuals, αὐτὸς Μένων X.An.2.1.5
; αὐτὸς βασιλεύς ib.1.7.11.

2 of oneself, of one's own accord, ἀλλά τις αὐ. ἴτω Il.17.254
; σπεύδοντα καὶ αὐτὸν ὀτρύνεις 8.293
; καταπαύσομεν· οἱ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ παυέσθων Od.2.168
; ἥξει γὰρ αὐτά S.OT 341
; also, in person, τῶν πραγμάτων ὑμῖν.. αὐτοῖς ἀντιληπτέον D.1.2
.

3 by oneself or itself, alone, αὐτός περ ἐών although alone, Il.8.99; αὐτὸς ἐγείναο παῖδ', i.e. without a mother, 5.880, cf. Hes.Th. 924;
ἀνακομισθῆναι αὐτὸν ἐς Φάληρον
by himself, Hdt.5.85
; αὐτοὶ γάρ ἐσμεν we are by ourselves, i.e. among friends, Ar.Ach. 504, cf. Th. 472, Pl.Prm. 137b, Herod.6.70, Plu.2.755c, Luc. DDeor.10.2; αὐτοῖς τοῖς ἀνδράσι.. ἢ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις X.An.2.3.7
; ἄνευ τοῦ σίτου τὸ ὄψον αὐτὸ ἐσθίειν Id.Mem.3.14.3
; τὸν τρίβωνα ὃν αὐτὸν φορεῖ Thphr.Char.22.13
(prob.); αὐτὰ γὰρ ἔστιν ταῦτα these and no others, Emp.21.13, al.: strengthd., αὐτὸς κτήσατο οἶος himself alone, Od.14.450; αὐτὸς μόνος, v. μόνος II; αὐτὸς καθ' αὑτόν, v. ἑαυτοῦ.

4 in Philosophy, by or in itself, of an abstract concept or idea, δίκαιον αὐτό Pl.Phd. 65d
; αὐτὸ τὸ ἕν Id.Prm. 143a
, al., cf. Arist. Metaph. 997b8: neut., αὐτό is freq. in this sense, attached to Nouns of all genders, οὐκ αὐτὸ δικαιοσύνην ἐπαινοῦντες ἀλλὰ τὰς ἀπ' αὐτῆς εὐδοκιμήσεις Pl.R. 363a
; less freq. with Art., τί ποτ' ἐστὶν αὐτὸ ἡ ἀρετή Id.Prt. 360e
; more fully, εἰ αὐτὸ τοῦτο πατέρα ἠρώτων, ἆρα ὁ πατήρ ἐστι πατήρ τινος, ἢ οὔ; Id.Smp. 199d; ἀδελφός, αὐτὸ τοῦτο ὅπερ ἔστιν the ideal, abstract brother, ibid.e: later, in compos., αὐτοαγαθόν, αὐτοάνθρωπος, etc. (q. v.), cf. Arist.Metaph. 1040b33; less freq. agreeing with the Subst., ἵνα αὐτὴ δικαιοσύνη πρὸς ἀδικίαν αὐτὴν κριθείη Pl.R. 612c
, etc.; doubled,
ἐκ τῆς εἰκόνος μανθάνειν αὐτήν τε αὐτήν, εἰ καλῶς εἴκασται
its very self, Id.Cra. 439a
.

5 in dat. with Subst., in one, together, ἀνόρουσεν αὐτῇ σὺν φόρμιγγι he sprang up lyre in hand, Il.9.194; αὐτῇ σὺν πήληκι κάρη helmet and all, 14.498, cf. Od.13.118; αὐτῷ σὺν ἄγγει E. Ion 32
, cf. Hipp. 1213; also without σύν, αὐτῇ κεν γαίῃ ἐρύσαι Il.8.24
: so freq. in Prose and Poetry, αὐτοῖς ἀνδράσι men and all, Hdt.6.93; αὐτοῖσι συμμάχοισι allies and all, A.Pr. 223 (lyr.); αὐτοῖς μελάθροις διακναιομένους E.Med. 164
: with Art., αὐτοῖσι τοῖσι ἱματίοισι ἀπ' ὦν ἔβαψε ἑωυτόν Hdt.2.47
; αὐτοῖσι τοῖς πόρπαξι Ar.Eq. 849
, etc.; αὐτοῖς τοῖς ἵπποις κατακρημνισθῆναι X.Cyr.1.4.7
.

6 added to ordinal Numbers, e.g. πέμπτος αὐτός himself the fifth, i. e. himself with four others, Th.1.46, cf. 8.35, X.HG2.2.17, Apoc.17.11, etc.:— αὐτός always being the chief person.

7 freq. coupled with οὗτος, τοῦτ' αὐτό ἐστι τὸ ζητηθέν Pl.Plt. 267c
, etc.; αὐτὸ τοῦτο μόνον Id.Grg. 500b
; also λεγόντων ἄλλο μὲν οὐδέν.. αὐτὰ δὲ τάδε Th.1.139
; πόλεις ἄλλας τε καὶ αὐτὸ τοῦτο τὸ Βυζάντιον X.An.7.1.27
; ταῦτα ἥκω αὐτὰ ἵνα .. Pl.Prt. 310e.

8 καὶ αὐτός himself too, Od.7.73, 14.45, X.An.5.5.9, etc.

9 repeated in apodosi for emphasis, αὐτὸς ἐπαγγειλάμενος σώσειν.. αὐτὸς ἀπώλεσεν Lys.12.68
, cf. A.Fr. 350, X.An.3.2.4.

10 in connexion with the person. Pron., ἐγὼν αὐτός Od.2.194
; σέθεν αὐτοῦ Il.23.312
; νωΐτερον αὐτῶν 15.39
(always divisim in Hom.); folld. by an enclit. Pron., αὐτόν μιν Od.4.244
; so αὐτὸν γάρ σε δεῖ Προμηθέως A.Pr.86
; also αὐτὸς ἔγωγε Pl.Phd. 59b
, etc.:— after Hom. in the oblique cases αὐτός coalesces with the Pron., ἐμαυτοῦ, σεαυτοῦ (these not in Alc. or Sapph., A.D.Pron.80.10 sqq.), ἑαυτοῦ, etc. (q. v.).

b with person. Pron. omitted, αὐτός.. ἧσθαι λιλαίομαι, for ἐγὼ αὐτός, Il.13.252; αὐτὸν ἐλέησον, for ἐμὲ αὐτόν, 24.503; αὐτῶν γὰρ ἀπωλόμεθ' ἀφραδίῃσιν Od.10.27
; in 2.33 οἱ αὐτῷ is simply a strengthd. form of οἱ; and so in [dialect] Att., when σὲ αὐτόν, ἐμοὶ αὐτῷ, etc., are read divisim, they are emphatic, not reflexive; in this case αὐτός generally precedes the person. Pron., cf. X.Cyr.6.2.25 with 6.1.14.

c with the reflexive ἑαυτοῦ, αὑτοῦ, etc., to add force and definiteness, αὐτὸς καθ' αὑτοῦ A.Th. 406
; αὐτοὶ ὑφ' αὑτῶν ib. 194; αὐτοὶ καθ' αὑτούς X.Mem.3.5.4
; αὐτὸ καθ' αὑτό Pl.Tht. 201e
; sts. between the Art. and reflex. Pron., τοῖς αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ πήμασιν βαρύνεται A.Ag. 836
, cf. Pr. 762; τούς γ' αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ πολεμίους S.Aj. 1132
: also κατ' αὐτὺ ([dialect] Boeot. for αὐτοὶ) αὐτῶν IG7.3172.121
(Orchom. [dialect] Boeot.).

d αὐτοῦ, αὐτῶν with possess. Pron., πατρὸς κλέος ἠδ' ἐμὸν αὐτοῦ Il.6.446
; θρῆνον.. ἐμὸν τὸν αὐτῆς A.Ag. 1323
; ἐχθρὸς ὢν τοῖς σοῖσιν αὐτοῦ S.OT 416
; τοῖς οἷσιν αὐτοῦ ib. 1248; αὐτῶν σφετέρῃσιν ἀτασθαλίῃσιν Od.1.7
; τοῖς ἡμετέροις αὐτῶν φίλοις X.An. 7.1.29
.

e αὐτὸς ἑαυτοῦ with [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup. Adj., αὐτὸς ἑωυτοῦ ῥέει πολλῷ ὑποδεέστερος Hdt.2.25
; τῇ εὐρυτάτη ἐστὶ αὐτὴ ἑωυτῆς Id.1.203
.

11 αὐτός for ὁ αὐτός, the same, Il.12.225, Od.8.107, 16.138, Pi.N.5.1 (never in Trag.), and in later Prose, αὐταῖς ταῖς ἡμέραις IG 14.966
(ii A. D.), cf. Ev.Luc.23.12.

12 [comp] Comp. αὐτότερος Epich.5
: [comp] Sup.
αὐτότατος
his very self, Ar.Pl.83
: neut. pl. αὐτότατα dub. in Phld.Piet.80. Adv., [comp] Comp. αὐτοτέρως Gal.18(2).431
.

II he, she, it, for the simple Pron. of 3 pers., only in oblique cases (exc. in later Gk., Ev.Luc.4.15, etc.), and rarely first in a sentence, Pl.La. 194e, and later, Ep.Eph.2.10, etc.: rare in [dialect] Ep., Il. 12.204 (where Hdn. treated it as enclitic), and mostly emphatic, ib.14.457, Od.16.388; so in Trag., E.Hel. 421: in Prose, to recall a Noun used earlier in the sentence, ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν βασιλέα.. οὐκ οἶδα ὅ τι δεῖ αὐτὸν ὀμόσαι X.An.2.4.7
; πειράσομαι τῷ πάππῳ.. συμμαχεῖν αὐτῷ Id.Cyr.1.3.15
; ἄνδρα δὴ.. εἰ ἀφίκοιτο εἰς τὴν πόλιν, προσκυνοῖμεν ἂν αὐτόν Pl.R. 398a
; after a Relative, ὅς κε θεοῖς ἐπιπείθηται.. ἔκλυον αὐτοῦ Il.1.218
; οὓς μὴ εὕρισκον, κενοτάφιον αὐτοῖς ἐποίησαν X.An.6
. 4.9, cf. 1.9.29; esp. where a second Verb requires a change of case in the Pron., οἳ ἂν ἐξελεγχθῶσι.. ὡς προδότας αὐτοὺς ὄντας τιμωρηθῆναι Id.An.2.5.27
; ἐκεῖνοι οἷς οὐκ ἐχαρίζονθ' οἱ λέγοντες οὐδ' ἐφίλουν αὐτούς D.3.24
; in subdivisions, ὅσοι.. οἱ μὲν αὐτῶν.. X.Cyr.1.1.1
, cf. Pl.Chrm. 168e; later, pleonastically after a Relative, ὧν ὁ μὲν αὐτῶν Call.Epigr.43
, cf. Ev.Luc.3.16, Apoc.7.2, etc.: in S.Ph. 316 αὐτοῖς is emphatic 'in their own persons'.

III with Art. ὁ αὐτός, ἡ αὐτή, τὸ αὐτό, and [dialect] Att. [var] contr. αὑτός, αὑτή, ταὐτό and ταὐτόν (as required by the metre, cf. S.OT 734 with 325, and in Prose to avoid hiatus): gen. ταὐτοῦ, dat. ταὐτῷ, pl. neut. ταὐτά; [dialect] Ion. ὡυτός, τὠυτό:—the very one, the same, rare in Hom., Il. 6.391, Od.7.55, 326; ὁ αὐ. εἰμι τῇ γνώμῃ Th.3.38
, cf. 5.75; ἐπὶ τὸ αὐ. αἱ γνῶμαι ἔφερον Id.1.79
: c. dat., to denote sameness or agreement, esp. in Prose, τὠυτὸ ἂν ὑμῖν ἐπρήσσομεν Hdt.4.119
; τὸν αὐτὸν χῶρον ἐκλιπὼν ἐμοί A.Ch. 543
; ὁ αὐτὸς τῷ λίθῳ the same as the stone, Pl. Euthd. 298a; ἐν ταὐτῷ εἶναί τινι to be in the place with.., X.An.3.1.27; προσίεσθαί τινα ἐς ταὐτὸ ἑαυτῷ to have a person meet one, ib.30, cf. A.Ch. 210; κατὰ ταὐτὰ τῷ Νείλῳ Hdt.2.20
; τῇ αὐτῇ.. καί Id.4.109
; τὴν αὐτὴν διάνοιαν καὶ κατ' ἐκείνην ἡλικίαν Isoc.5.83
; ὁ αὐτός.. ὥσπερ Pl.Phd. 86a
;
ἐς ταὐτὸν ἀλλήλοις
face to face, Jul.Or.2.5a0
.

2 in later Greek, the said, the above-named, Ἡρώδης ὁ αὐ. PLille23.8
(iii B. C.), etc.

IV Adverbial phrases:

1 αὐτὸ μόνον
simply, merely, Ph. 2.252
, etc.; αὐ. μόνον ἐργάτης Luc.Somn.9
; αὐ. μόνον τὸ ὄνομα τῆς φωνῆς A.D.Synt.22.20
.

2 αὐτό as Adv., = ἄρτι, Epigr.Gr.540.1 ([place name] Thrace).

3 αὐτὸ τοῦτο as Adv., PGrenf.1.114 (ii B. C.), 2 Ep.Pet. 1.5; τῆς αὐτὸ τοῦτο κινουμένης σφαίρας Iamb. Comm.Math.17
.

4 with Preps.,
ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό
added together, making a total, PLond.2.196.37
(ii A. D.);
κατὰ τὸ αὐτό
together, at the same time, Act.Ap. 14.1
, etc.; but
κατ' αὐτό
just then, Hdn.1.12.3
.

V In Compos.:

1 of or by oneself, self-.., as in αὐτοδίδακτος, αὐτογνώμων, αὐτόματος: and so, independently, as in αὐτοκράτωρ, αὐτόνομος.

2 hence, as a second self, very.., bodily, as with proper names, Αὐτοθαΐς.

3 in the abstract, the ideal, v. supr.1.4.

4 precisely, as in αὐτόδεκα.

5 rarely with reflex. sense of ἀλλήλων, as in αὐτοκτονέω.

6 in one piece with, together with, as in αὐτόκωπος, αὐτοχείλης, αὐτόπρεμνος, αὐτόρριζος.

7 by itself: hence, only, as in αὐτόξυλος, αὐτόποκος.—For αὐτοῦ, αὐτῶς, etc., v. the respective Arts.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > αὐτός
2 βιβάζω

βιβ-άζω, [tense] fut. βιβάσω, [dialect] Att. βιβῶ, with part.

A βιβῶν S.OC 381
, ([etym.] δια-) Pl.Lg. 900c, D.23.157, ([etym.] ἐμ-) X.An.5.7.8, ([etym.] προς-) Ar.Av. 426, Pl. Phdr. 229e (but διαβιβάσοντες codd. in X.An.4.8.8, 5.2.10): [tense] aor. ἐβίβασα ([etym.] ἀν- ) Id HG4.5.3, ([etym.] ἀπ-) Pl.Grg. 511e:—[voice] Med., [tense] pres. ( ἀνα-) Th.7.33: [tense] fut. βιβάσομαι, [dialect] Att. βιβῶμαι ([etym.] ἀνα-) Amips.30, Aeschin.2.146, D.19.310, but ἀναβιβάσομαι codd. in And. 1.148, Lys.18.24: [tense] aor. ἐβιβασάμην ([etym.] ἀν-) Th.7.35, Lys.20.34, etc.:—Pann., [tense] fut. βιβασθήσομαι ([etym.] δια-) D.S. 13.81 : [tense] aor. βιβασθείς Arist.HA 577a30
: [tense] pf. βεβίβασται ([etym.] συμ-) S.E. M.7.283 :—causal of βαίνω, mostly used in compds., cause to mount, exalt, πρὸς οὐρανὸν βιβῶν S.OC 381
: simply, cause to go, μή με τᾶσδ' ἐξ ὁδοῦ βίβαζε Id.Ichn.368
.

II of animals, put the female to the male, Alc.Com.18, Arist. HA 573b7; also of the male, Horap.1.48:—[voice] Pass., of the female, Arist. HA 577a29, LXXLe.18.23.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > βιβάζω
3 εἰκασία

εἰκ-ᾰσία, ἡ,

A likeness, representation, X.Mem.3.10.1.

II comparison, Plu. Them.29; estimate, ἐξ εἰκασίας PTeb.61
(a). 186, al. (ii B. C.).

III conjecture, Hp.Morb.1.1, Pl.Sis. 390c, Ph.2.91, Hierocl. p.37 A. (pl.), etc.; doubt, Phld.Rh.1.249S.

IV apprehension of or by means of images or shadows, Pl.R. 511e, 534a.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > εἰκασία
4 καταποντόω

καταποντ-όω,

A = καταποντίζω, Hdt.1.165, 4.154, Xenarch.2.5, etc.; κ. ἐς τὴν θάλασσαν Hdt.3.30
; εἰς ποταμόν Polem.Hist.54
; τὴν οὐσίαν Philostr.VA1.13
:—[voice] Pass., Antipho 5.28, Pl.Grg. 511e, Ph.1.264, 394, Plu.Cat.Mi.11.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταποντόω
5 μέτριος

μέτριος, α, ον, also ος, ον Pl.Ti. 59d; [dialect] Aeol. [full] μέτερρος Lyr.Adesp.66 (but

A μέτριος Sapph.Oxy.1231.5
): ([etym.] μέτρον):—within measure, moderate, and so,

I of Size, μ. ἄνδρες men of average height, Hdt.2.32; μ. πῆχυς the common cubit, Id.1.178; ἰσχὰς μ. a fair-sized fig, Diocl.Fr.140; of Time, μ. μῆκος λόγων the proper length of speech, Pl.Prt. 338b; μ. χρόνος ἀκμῆς a fair average time of maturity, Id.R. 460e.

II of Number, [ἱππεῖς] μ. a reasonable number of.., X. Cyr.2.4.14.

III mostly of Degree, moderate, ἔργα Hes.Op. 306
; μ. νῦν ἔπος εὔχου A.Supp. 1059
(lyr.); μ. χάρις E.IA 554
(lyr.); σῖτος -ώτατος X.Lac.1.3
; τὸ μ. the mean, S.OC 1212 (lyr.), cf. Pl.Lg. 719e, Plt. 284e; ὁμολογεῖται τὸ μ. ἄριστον καὶ τὸ μέσον Arist.Pol. 1295b4
; περαιτέρω τοῦ μ. X.Mem.3.13.5
; πέρα τοῦ μ. Thphr.CP6.1.4
; ἐνδοτέρω τοῦ μ. Plu.2.656f
; τὰ μ. E.Med. 125
(anap.); εἴη γ' ἐμοὶ μέτρια Id. Ion 632
; τὰ μ. κεκτῆσθαι X.Mem.2.6.22
; μ. καὶ δίκαια Ar.Nu. 1137
; μ. φιλία a friendship not too great, E.Hipp. 253 (anap.); μετρίων λέκτρων μετρίων δὲ γάμων.. κῦρσαι θνητοῖσιν ἄριστον Id.Fr. 503
(anap.); μ. ἐσθῆτι χρῆσθαι simple dress, Th.1.6; μετρία φυλακῇ not in strict custody, Id.4.30; βίος μ. καὶ βέβαιος Pl.R. 466b
; μ. σχῆμα modest apparel, Id.Grg. 511e; μ. οὐσίαν κεκτῆσθαι Arist.Pol. 1292b26
; οἱ μ. respectable people, D.18.10; later, poor, μ. καὶ δυστυχεῖς POxy.120.7
(iv A. D.), etc.: with inf., ὅσον οἰόμεθα μέτριον εἶναι πιεῖν just sufficient, Pl.Phd. 117b.

2 tolerable, οἷς μὴ μ. αἰών S.Ph. 179
(lyr.); ἀπὸ τῶν μ. ἐπ' ἀμήχανον ἄλγος Id.El. 140
(lyr.); μ. ἄχθος E.Alc. 884
(anap.); κακά Id.Tr. 722
; ναύταις μ. χειμὼν φέρειν ib. 688; μετρίων δεομένῳ making a moderate request, Hdt.4.84; τυχεῖν τῶν μετρίων Lys.9.4
; τὰ μ. tolerable terms. Decr. ap. D.18.165; ἐπὶ μετρίοις Th.4.22
; μηδὲν μ. λέγειν nothing tolerably accurate, Pl.Tht. 181b; - ωτάτη ἡ δημοκρατία least intolerable, Arist.Pol. 1289b4, cf. Men.532.17 ([comp] Sup.).

3 of Persons, moderate in desires and the like , temperate, Ar.Pl. 245; - ώτεροι ἐς τὰ πολιτικά Th.6.89
; μ. πρὸς τὰς ἡδονάς Pl.Lg. 816b
; σώφρων καὶ μ. πρὸς τὴν καθ' ἡμέραν δίαιταν Aeschin.3.170
; ἐν τῷ σίτῳ X.Cyr.5.2.17
; of Love, μάκαρες οἳ μ. θεοῦ (sc. Ἀφροδίτης) μετέσχον E.IA 543
(lyr.), cf. Fr. 967 (lyr.); εἰ δ' ἦσθα μ. τἄλλα γ' ἡδίστη θεῶν πέφυκας Id.Hel. 1105
; also, moderate, fair, Thgn.615, Pl.R. 396c, etc.; a favourite word in democratic states, μ. καὶ φιλάνθρωπος D.21.185
; σαυτὸν -ώτερον παρέχειν ib.134; μ. πρὸς τοὺς ὑπηκόους mild towards.., Th.1.77.

4 proportionate, fitting, μισθὸς σώφροσι μ. Pl.Ti. 18b
; μ. λόγοι X.Smp.8.3
.

5 enjoying 'middling' health (cf. μετριάζω 1.3
), Cat.Cod.Astr.8(1).182.

B Adv. μετρίως moderately, within due limits, ἀπηγήσεσθαι Hdt.2.161
; in due measure, neither exaggerating nor depreciating, εἰπεῖν Th.2.35
; λέγειν Pl.R. 518b
; μ. περὶ αὑτῶν διαλεχθέντες Isoc.12.171
; μ. ἔχειν to be in due proportion, neither too much nor too little, Pl.Tht. 191d; μ. ἔχειν βίου to be moderately well off, Hdt.1.32; μ. φιλοσοφίας ἔχειν Pl.Euthd. 305d
: [comp] Comp. μετριώτερον (infr. 3), also - ωτέρως Arist.HA 587a1: [comp] Sup. - ώτατα Th.6.88, etc.

2 enough, μ. κεχόρευται Ar.Nu. 1511
(anap.); μ. πρὸς τὴν ἐμὴν ἀνάγκην εἰρημένα Id.Ec. 969
; moderately, pretty well, ἐν οἰκουμένῃ καὶ μ. πολιτείᾳ Pl.Lg. 936b
; σωφρονοῦσι καὶ μ. D.6.19
; μ. [λέγειν] Men.Pk. 262; ἀποδέξασθαι μ. Pl. Tht. 161b
.

3 modestly, temperately, χαίρειν E.IA 921
, cf. HF 709; ἀποκρίνασθαι X.An.2.3.20
; μ. βεβιωκώς Lys. 16.3
(but μ. διάγειν to be moderately off, X.Hier.1.8); πενθεῖν μ. Antiph.53.1
; φέρειν Plb.3.85.9
; on fair terms, μ. ξυναλλαγῆναι Th.4.19
, cf. 20: [comp] Comp. - ώτερον, πρός τινας φρονεῖν X.Cyr.4.3.7
.

4 μ. ἔχειν
to be in 'middling' health, PLips.108.6
(ii/iii A. D.).

II neut. μέτριον and μέτρια as Adv., μέτριον ἔχειν Pl.Lg. 846c
(sed leg. μέτρον) ; μέτρια βασανισθείς Id.Sph. 237b
: also with Art., τὸ μέτριον ἀποκοιμηθῆναι X.Cyr.2.4.26
; τὰ μέτρια διαφέρεσθαι Th.4.19
, cf. 8.84.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μέτριος
6 συμπλέω

συμπλέω,

A sail in company with, τινι Hdt.4.149, 5.46, E.IA 102; ἐν τῇ Ἀργοῖ Hdt.4.179
; μετὰ τῶν ὁλκάδων Th.6.44
: abs., Id.1.27, Antipho 5.20, prob. in IG12.99.10; τῶν συμπλεόντων Pl.Grg. 511e
; συμπλέοντες ναῦται IG3.236
: metaph., σ. τοῖς φίλοισι δυστυχοῦσι E. HF 1225
.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συμπλέω
7 ἀποβιβάζω

ἀποβῐβ-άζω, causal of ἀποβαίνω B,

A make to get off, esp. from a ship, disembark, put on shore, τινά Th.6.97
, etc.; τινὰ εἰς τόπον Hdt.8.76
, Pl.Grg. 511e; ἐς τὴν πολεμίαν ἀποβιβάζων τὸν πόδα Ar.V. 1163
; ἀ. τινὰ ὅποι αὐτὸς κελεύοι X.HG7.4.3
:—[voice] Med., ἀποβιβάσασθαί τινας ἀπὸ τῶν νεῶν cause them to be put on shore, Hdt.9.32.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀποβιβάζω
8 ὠφελέω

ὠφελ-έω, [tense] fut.

A - ήσω Ar.Av. 358
, etc.: [tense] aor. ὠφέλησα Hdt.3.127
, etc.: [tense] pf. - ηκα Hp. Acut.44
, Pl.Grg. 511e, etc.: [tense] plpf. ὠφελήκη Id.Ap. 31d
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. ὠφεληθήσομαι And.2.22
, Is.10.16, Hp.Int.35, X.Cyr.3.2.20; more freq. [tense] fut. [voice] Med. in pass. sense, ὠφελήσομαι Th.6.18
, 7.67, Pl.R. 343c, X.Mem.1.6.14, v.l. in Lys.19.61: [tense] aor. ὠφελήθην Th.2.39
, 5.90, etc.: [tense] pf. ὠφέλημαι A.Pr. 222
, Pl.Grg. 512a, etc.: [tense] plpf. ὠφέλητο Th.6.60
: ([etym.] ὄφελος):—help, aid, succour, first in Hdt. (v. infr.); opp. βλάπτω, Th.6.14, Pl.Phd. 107d; opp. ζημιόω, Isoc.6.5.—Construction:

I abs., to be of use or service, τὰ μηδὲν ὠφελοῦντα A.Pr.44
, cf. S.Fr. 196, E.IA 348(troch.), X.Oec.1.9; οὐδὲν ὠφελεῖ Th.2.87
; τὸ πολλάκις ὠφελοῦν Isoc.8.35
.

2 c. acc. pers., to be of service to, benefit, Hdt.2.95, A.Pr. 507; τὰς ψυχὰς ὠ. διδάσκοντες X.Cyr.2.3.23
; ὠ. τινα ἔς τι to be of use to one towards a thing, Th. 4.75; τί δέ μ' ὠφελήσουσ' οἱ ῥυθμοὶ πρὸς τἄλφιτα; how will rhythms help me to earn my bread? Ar.Nu. 648: abs., ἐπὶ τοῖς δεινοῖσιν E.Fr. 84
; διὰ τῶν ὤτων Plu.2.38c
, cf. 145b: c. part., αὐτοὺς ὠφελεῖ προσκείμενον E.Hipp. 970
.

b esp. of a general, enrich his soldiers by booty, Plu.Aem.29; τοὺς στρατιώτας ὠφεληκὼς ἀπὸ τῶν στρατειῶν Id.Caes.12
; cf. ὠφέλεια 11.3
.

3 in Poets also (v. Thom.Mag.p.408R.) c. dat. pers., A.Pr. 342, Pers. 842, S.Ant. 560, E.Or. 666, 681, Heracl. 681, Ar.Av. 421 (lyr.); also in Antipho 6.38, and v.l. in Th. 5.23; the compds. προσωφελέω, ἐπωφελέω, συνωφελέω also take both constructions.

4 c. gen., dub. in οὐδεὶς ἔρωτος τοῦδ' ἐφαίνετ' ὠφελῶν S.OC 436
(fort. leg. ἔρωτ' ἐς τόνδ').

5 c. acc. cogn., ὠφελίαν ὠ. τινα to render him a service, Pl.R. 519e, cf. Euthd. 275e; ὠφελίαν κοινῇ -οῦνται πάντες οἱ δημιουργοί Id.R. 346c
: with a neut. Adj., οὐδέν τινα ὠ. to do one no service, Hdt.3.126, E.Alc. 875 (lyr.); πολλά, πλέον, πλεῖστον, ὡς πλεῖστα ὠ. τινα, Isoc.3.30, E.Andr. 679, 681, Th. 6.14.

II [voice] Pass., receive help or succour, derive profit or advantage, πρός τινος from a person or thing, Hdt.2.68; ἔκ τινος A.Pr. 222
, Antipho 3.2.3; ἀπό τινος Th.3.64
, X.Oec.1.15, cf. Gorg.Pal.10; ὑπό or παρά τινος, Pl.Grg. 512a, Amat. 132d; ὠ. τοῦ νόμου to derive benefit from.., Antipho 5.17(dub. l.); τινι by a thing, Th.3.67; διά τι ib.13; παρ' ἐμοῦ ὠφελεῖσθαι to make something out of me, Antipho 2.2.13;
ἐκ τῶν ὑμετέρων
help the mselves, Lys.27.7
: esp. of troops, acquire booty, πολλὰ παρὰ τὴν στρατείαν ὠ. Plu.Cat.Ma.10
; ὠ. δι' ἁρπαγῆς Id.Marc. 19
; ὠφελεῖσθαι πρός τι acquire advantage towards a thing, X.Cyn. 5.27: c. part., ὠφελεῖσθαι ἰδών to be profited by the sight of a thing, Th.2.39: c. adj. neut., οὐδὲν ὠφελουμένη S.Ant. 550
: πολλὰ ὠφελεῖσθαι οὐδὲν πονοῦντες X.Cyr.3.2.20
.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὠφελέω
9 παρά

παρά (Hom.+. On elision s. B-D-F §17; Rob. 208) prep. w. three cases (Kühner-G. §440; Schwyzer II 491–98; B-D-F §236–38; Rob. 612–16. Further lit. s.v. ἀνά, beg.; also HRau, De praepositionis παρά usu: GCurtius, Studien etc. III 1870).

A. W. gen., which nearly always as in Hom., Hdt., Pla., X. et al. denotes a pers., and indicates that someth. proceeds fr. this pers. (Hs 2:3 is an exception):

① marker of extension from the side of, from (the side of) w. local sense preserved, used w. verbs of coming, going, sending, originating, going out, etc. (TestAbr A 2 p. 78, 30 [Stone p. 4] παρὰ τοῦ μεγάλου βασιλέως ἀπεστάλην; Lucian, Demon. 13 ἀπιὼν παρʼ αὐτοῦ) ἐκπορεύεσθαι J 15:26b. ἐξέρχεσθαι 16:27; 17:8; Lk 2:1; 6:19. ἔρχεσθαι 8:49. παραγίνεσθαι Mk 14:43. πέμπειν τινὰ παρά τινος J 15:26a. πνεύματος ἁγίου … παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἀποσταλέντος εἰς αὐτήν (=Μαρίαν) AcPlCor 2:5. εἶναι παρά τινος be from someone (cp. Job 21:2, 9) J 6:46; 7:29; 9:16, 33; 17:7.

② marker of one who originates or directs, from (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 100 §420 παρὰ τ. θεῶν; TestJob 38:8 παρὰ θεοῦ) παρὰ κυρίου ἐγένετο αὕτη this was the Lord’s doing Mt 21:42; Mk 12:11 (both Ps 117:23). W. a double negative: οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει παρὰ τ. θεοῦ πᾶν ῥῆμα (s. ἀδυνατέω) Lk 1:37. τὰ λελαλημένα αὐτῇ παρὰ κυρίου what was said to her (by the angel) at the Lord’s command vs. 45. ἀπεσταλμένος παρὰ θεοῦ John the Baptist was not, like Jesus, sent out fr. the very presence of God, but one whose coming was brought about by God J 1:6 (cp. 2 Macc 11:17). παρʼ ἑαυτῆς φέρει καρπὸν καὶ παρὰ τῆς πτελέας it (i.e. the vine) bears fruit which comes both from itself and from the elm Hs 2:3. On 2 Pt 2:11 s. κρίσις 1bβ.

③ marker of the point fr. which an action originates, from

ⓐ after verbs

α. of asking, demanding αἰτεῖν and αἰτεῖσθαι (cp. X., An. 1, 3, 16, Hell. 3, 1, 4; SIG 785, 9f; PFay 121, 12ff; Tob 4:19 BA al.; LXX; TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 2 [Stone p. 22]; TestJob 20:2; ParJer 7:14; Jos., Ant. 15, 92) Mt 20:20 v.l. (for ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ); J 4:9; Ac 3:2; 9:2; Js 1:5; 1J 5:15 v.l. (for ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ); 1 Cl 36:4 (Ps 2:8); Hm 9:2, 4; Dg 1. ζητεῖν (Tob 4:18; Sir 7:4; cp. 1 Macc 7:13) Mk 8:11; Lk 11:16; 12:48.

β. of taking, accepting, receiving λαμβάνειν (class.; Appian, Mithrid. 88 §397; SIG 546 B, 23 [III B.C.]; Jdth 12:15; Sus 55 Theod.; 1 Macc 8:8; 11:34; 4 Macc 12:11; TestJob 11:5; JosAs 24:11; Just., A I, 39, 5 al.) Mk 12:2; Lk 6:34; J 5:34, 41, 44; 10:18; Ac 2:33; 3:5; 17:9; 20:24; 26:10 (Jos., Ant. 14, 167 λαβὼν ἐξουσίαν παρά σου [= τ. ἀρχιερέως]; 11, 169); Js 1:7; 2 Pt 1:17; 2J 4; Rv 2:28; Hs 1:8; 8, 3, 5; GJs 20, 2 codices. ἀπολαμβάνειν (SIG 150, 19f [restored text; IV B.C.]; 4 Macc 18:23) Hv 5:7. παραλαμβάνειν (Hdt. et al.; oft. ins; POxy 504, 14 al. in pap) Gal 1:12; 1 Th 2:13; 4:1; 2 Th 3:6. δέχεσθαι (Thu. 1, 20, 1 et al.; 1 Macc 15:20; TestJob 11:12; cp. διαδέχεσθαι Ath. 37, 1) Ac 22:5; Phil 4:18a. κομίζεσθαι (SIG 244 I, 5ff [IV B.C.]; Gen 38:20; 2 Macc 7:11; Ath. 12, 1) Eph 6:8. εὑρεῖν (SIG 537, 69; 1099, 28; cp. εὑρίσκω 3, end) 2 Ti 1:18. ἔχειν τι παρά τινος have received someth. fr. someone (1 Esdr 6:5) Ac 9:14; cp. Hv 3, 9, 8. γίνεταί μοί τι παρά τινος I receive someth. from someone (Att.) Mt 18:19. ἔσται μεθʼ ἡμῶν χάρις … παρὰ θεοῦ πατρὸς καὶ παρὰ Ἰησοῦ 2J 3 (cp. X., An. 7, 2, 25). οἱ πιστευθέντες παρὰ θεοῦ ἔργον those who were entrusted by God with a task 1 Cl 43:1 (cp. Polyb. 3, 69, 1; SIG 1207, 12f). παρὰ τοῦ κυρίου πλουτίζεσθαι receive one’s wealth fr. the Lord Hs 2:10.—Sim. in the case of a purchase the seller is introduced by παρά: buy fr. someone ἀγοράζειν (s. ἀγοράζω 1, end) Rv 3:18. ὠνεῖσθαι Ac 7:16. ἄρτον φαγεῖν παρά τινος receive support from someone 2 Th 3:8.

γ. of learning, coming to know, hearing, asking ἀκούειν (s. ἀκούω 1bβ and 3) J 1:40; 6:45; 7:51; 8:26, 40; 15:15; Ac 10:22; 28:22; 2 Ti 1:13; 2:2; AcPlCor 1:6; ἀκριβοῦν Mt 2:7, 16. ἐξακριβάζεσθαι Hm 4, 2, 3. ἐπιγινώσκειν Ac 24:8. μανθάνειν (since Aeschyl., Ag. 858; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 176; Sir 8:8f; 2 Macc 7:2 v.l.; 3 Macc 1:1; Just., A I, 23, 1 and D. 78, 1 al.; Ath. 7, 2; 22, 8) 2 Ti 3:14. πυνθάνεσθαι (Hdt. 3, 68; X., Cyr. 1, 6, 23; Pla., Rep. 5, 476e; SIG 1169, 30; 2 Ch 32:31) Mt 2:4; J 4:52 (without παρά v.l.); B 13:2 (Gen 25:22).

ⓑ w. adjectival function ὁ, ἡ, τὸ παρά τινος made, given, etc., by someone

α. w. a noun (funct. as a gen.: Pla., Symp. 197e ὁ παρά τινος λόγος ‘the expression made by someone’; X., Hell. 3, 1, 6 δῶρον παρὰ βασιλέως, Mem. 2, 2, 12 ἡ παρά τινος εὔνοια, Cyr. 5, 5, 13 τὸ παρʼ ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα ‘the crime committed by me’; Polyb. 3, 69, 3 ἡ παρʼ αὐτοῦ σωτηρία; Polyaenus 3, 9, 28 ἡ παρὰ στρατηγοῦ ἀρετή; SIG 543, 27; Ex 4:20; 14:13; Philo, Plant. 14; Jos., Ant. 12, 400; Just., A I, 32, 8 and D. 92, 1 al.; Ath. 7, 1) ἡ παρʼ ἐμοῦ διαθήκη Ro 11:27 (Is 59:21).—Ac 26:12 v.l.; 22 v.l.

β. w. subst. function

א. τὰ παρά τινος what someone gives, someone’s gifts (X., Mem. 3, 11, 13; Jos., Bell. 2, 124, Ant. 8, 175; Tat. 32, 1 τὰ παρὰ θεοῦ) Lk 10:7; Phil 4:18b. τὰ παρʼ αὐτῆς her property, what she had Mk 5:26 (cp. IPriene 111, 177). τὰ παρὰ ζώσης καὶ μενούσης (the help that I received) from a living, contemporary voice Papias (2:4).

ב. οἱ παρά τινος someone’s envoys (οἱ παρὰ βασιλέω πρέσβει X., Hell. 1, 3, 9; oft. in ins.: see, e.g., OGI 5, 50 from Ptolemy; the full expression οἱ παρʼ ὑμῶν πρεσβείς OGI 8 VI, 108–9; Schwyzer II 498; B-D-F §237, 2) οἱ παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως (1 Macc 2:15; 1 Esdr 1:15) 1 Cl 12:4.—The Koine also uses this expr. to denote others who are intimately connected w. someone, e.g. family, relatives (PGrenf II, 36, 9 [II B.C.]; POxy 805 [I B.C.]; 298, 37 [I A.D.]; CPR I, 179, 16; 187, 7; Sb 5238, 19 [I A.D.]; Sus 33; 1 Macc 13:52; Jos., Ant. 1, 193. Further exx. fr. pap in Mlt. 106f; Rossberg [s. ἀνά, beg.] 52) Mk 3:21 (s. CBruston/PFarel: RTQR 18, 1909, 82–93; AWabnitz, ibid. 221–25; SMonteil, ibid. 19, 1910, 317–25; JMoulton, Mk 3:21: ET 20, 1909, 476; GHartmann, Mk 3:20f: BZ 11, 1913, 248–79; FZorell, Zu Mk 3:20, 21: ZKT 37, 1913, 695–7; JBelser, Zu Mk 3:20f: TQ 98, 1916, 401–18; Rdm.² 141; 227.—S. also at ἐξίστημι 2a).

B. w. dat., the case that exhibits close association

① marker of nearness in space, at/by (the side of), beside, near, with, acc. to the standpoint fr. which the relationship is viewed

ⓐ near, beside

α. w. things (Synes., Ep. 126 p. 262a; Kaibel 703, 1; POxy 120, 23; 2 Km 10:8; 11:9; Jos., Ant. 1, 196) εἱστήκεισαν παρὰ τῷ σταυρῷ J 19:25. κεῖσθαι παρὰ τῷ πύργῳ Hv 3, 5, 5.

β. w. persons ἔστησεν αὐτὸ παρʼ ἑαυτῷ he had him (i.e. the child) stand by his side Lk 9:47.

ⓑ in (someone’s) house, city, company, etc. (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 5 al. παρὰ Λάβαν)

α. house: ἀριστᾶν Lk 11:37. καταλύειν 19:7 (Pla., Gorg. 447b; Demosth. 18, 82). μένειν (JosAs 20:8; Jos., Ant. 1, 298; 299) J 1:39; Ac 9:43; 18:3; 21:8. ξενίζεσθαι 10:6; 21:16 (ξενίζω 1). So prob. also ἕκαστος παρʼ ἑαυτῷ each one at home 1 Cor 16:2 (cp. Philo, Cher. 48 παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς, Leg. ad Gai. 271). ὸ̔ν ἀπέλιπον ἐν Τρῳάδι παρὰ Κάρπῳ 2 Ti 4:13.

β. city: Rv 2:13. So prob. also ἦσαν παρʼ ἡμῖν ἑπτὰ ἀδελφοί Mt 22:25.—J 4:40; Col 4:16 (where the congregation at Laodicea is contrasted w. the one at Col.).

γ. other uses: παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις among Judeans Mt 28:15. παρʼ αὐτοῖς ἐπιμεῖναι remain with them Ac 28:14; cp. 21:7. οἱ παρʼ ὑμῖν πρεσβύτεροι the elders among you 1 Cl 1:3.—παρὰ τῷ πατρί with (of spatial proximity) the Father Mt 6:1; J 8:38a; cp. 17:5 (Synes., Kingship 29 p. 31d: philosophy has her abode παρὰ τῷ θεῷ and if the world refuses to receive her when she descends to earth, μένει παρὰ τῷ πατρί). Of Jesus: παρʼ ὑμῖν μένων while I was with you (on earth) J 14:25. Of the Spirit: παρʼ ὑμῖν μένει vs. 17. Of the Father and Son in their relation to the faithful Christian: μονὴν παρʼ αὐτῷ ποιησόμεθα we will take up our abode with him vs. 23.

δ. fig. παρά τινι before someone’s judgment seat (Demosth. 18, 13 εἰς κρίσιν καθιστάναι παρά τινι; Appian, Maced. 11 §8 παρʼ ὑμῖν ἐς κρίσιν) 2 Pt 2:11 v.l. Closely related is

② marker of one whose viewpoint is relevant, in the sight or judgment of someone (Soph., Hdt.; PSI 435, 19 [258 B.C.] παρὰ τῷ βασιλεῖ) παρὰ τῷ θεῷ: δίκαιος παρὰ τῷ θεῷ righteous in the sight of God Ro 2:13 (cp. Job 9:2; Jos., Ant. 6, 205; Ath. 31, 2 εὐδοξοῦμεν … παρὰ τῷ θεῷ).—Cp. 1 Cor 3:19; Gal 3:11; 2 Th 1:6; Js 1:27; 1 Pt 2:4; 2 Pt 3:8. θυσία δεκτὴ παρὰ τῷ θεῷ Hs 5, 3, 8. ἔνδοξος παρὰ τῷ θεῷ m 2:6; Hs 5, 3, 3; 8, 10, 1; 9, 27, 3; 9, 28, 3; 9, 29, 3.—9, 7, 6.—Acc. to the judgment of humans (Jos., Ant. 7, 84; Just., A I, 20, 3) 8, 9, 1. τί ἄπιστον κρίνεται παρʼ ὑμῖν; Ac 26:8. ἵνα μὴ ἦτε παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς φρόνιμοι Ro 11:25; cp. 12:16 (s. Pr 3:7 μὴ ἴσθι φρόνιμος παρὰ σεαυτῷ).—‘In the judgment’ passes over into a simpler with (PsSol 9:5 παρὰ κυρίῳ; Jos. Himerius, Or. 8 [=23], 10 παρὰ θεοῖς=with the gods) εὑρεῖν χάριν παρά τινι find favor with someone (Ex 33:16; cp. Num 11:15) Lk 1:30; Hs 5, 2, 10. τοῦτο χάρις παρὰ θεῷ 1 Pt 2:20. χάριν ἔχειν (Ex 33:12) m 5, 1, 5. προέκοπτεν ἐν τῇ χάριτι παρὰ θεῷ καὶ ἀνθρώποις Lk 2:52. τί ταπεινοφροσύνη παρὰ θεῷ ἰσχύει, τί ἀγάπη ἁγνὴ παρά θεῷ δύναται how strong humility is before God, what pure love before God can do 1 Cl 21:8.

③ marker of personal reference, at the side of, with almost equivalent to the dat. as such (Ps 75:13): δυνατόν or ἀδύνατον παρά τινι possible or impossible for someone (Gen 18:14; Just., A I, 33, 2; Ath., R. 9 p. 58, 6) Mt 19:26ab; Mk 10:27abc; Lk 1:37 v.l.; 18:27ab; 1 Cl 27:2.—AFridrichsen, SymbOsl 14, ’35, 44–46. Closely related in mng. is

④ marker of connection of a quality or characteristic w. a pers., with (οὐκ) ἔστιν τι παρά τινι someth. is (not) with or in someone, someone has someth. (nothing) to do w. someth. (Demosth. 18, 277 εἰ ἔστι καὶ παρʼ ἐμοί τις ἐμπειρία; Gen 24:25; Job 12:13; Ps 129:4 παρὰ σοι ὁ ἱλασμός ἐστιν; Just., D. 82, 1 παρὰ … ἡμῖν … χαρίσματα) οὐκ ἔστιν προσωπολημψία παρὰ τ. θεῷ Ro 2:11 (TestJob 43, 13). Cp. 9:14; Eph 6:9; Js 1:17. Sim. Mt 8:10; 2 Cor 1:17.

⑤ marker of a relationship w. a narrow focus, among, before παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς among themselves (Philo, Cher. 48) διαλογίζεσθαι Mt 21:25 v.l. (cp. Demosth. 10, 17 γιγνώσκειν παρʼ αὑτῷ; Epict., Ench. 48, 2).—In ἐν τούτῳ μενέτω παρὰ θεῷ 1 Cor 7:24, the mng. of παρὰ θεῷ is not certain: let the pers. remain in that position (the same one in which he was when called to salvation) before God; it is prob. meant to remind Christians of the One before whom they cannot even have the appearance of inferiority (ins: Mitt-Wilck, I/2, 4, 4 [13 B.C.] παρὰ τῷ κυρίῳ Ἑρμῇ=‘before, in the sight of’; Sb 7616 [II A.D.] τὸ προσκύνημά σου ποιῶ παρὰ τῷ κυρίῳ Σαράπι=‘before the Lord’ S.; 7661, 3 [c. 100 A.D.]; 7932, 7992, 6 [letter II/III A.D.]). Or perh. it simply means that no matter what the situation may be, one is to be focused on God.

C. w. acc. of pers. or thing

① marker of a position viewed as extended (w. no difference whether παρά answers the question ‘where?’ or ‘whither?’ See B-D-F §236, 1; Rob. 615).

ⓐ by, along περιπατεῖν παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν (Pla., Gorg. 511e. Cp. SIG 1182; Jos., Ant. 2, 81) Mt 4:18; cp. Mk 1:16.

ⓑ at the edge or to the edge of

α. παρὰ (τὴν) θάλασσαν by the sea (or lake) , at the shore Mt 13:1; Mk 4:1; 5:21; Ac 10:6, 32; cp. Lk 5:1, 2. παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν by the side of the road (X., An. 1, 2, 13; Plut., Lysander 450 [29, 4] a tomb παρὰ τ. ὁδόν=beside the road) Mt 20:30; Mk 10:46; Lk 18:35 (but on the road is also poss. in these three places; s. d below).

β. παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν to (the side of) the sea (lake) Mt 15:29; Mk 2:13. παρὰ ποταμόν to the river Ac 16:13.

ⓒ gener. near, at παρὰ τοὺς πόδας τινός at someone’s feet (sit, fall, place etc.; TestAbr A 17 p. 98, 16 [Stone p. 44]) Mt 15:30; Lk 7:38; 8:35, 41; 10:39 v.l.; 17:16; Ac 4:35, 37 v.l.; 5:2; 7:58; 22:3 (s. ET 30, 1919, 39f). παρὰ τὸν πὺργον beside the tower Hs 9, 4, 8; 9, 6, 5; 8; 9, 7, 1; 9, 11, 6.—παρὰ τὴν ἰτέαν 8, 1, 2 (cp. TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 10 [Stone p. 14] παρὰ τὴν δρῦν τὴν Μαμβρῆ).

ⓓ on παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν on the road (w. motion implied; Aesop, Fab. 226 P.=420 H.: πεσὼν παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν; Phot., Bibl. 94 p. 74b on Iambl. Erot. [Hercher I p. 222, 22] πίπτουσι παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν) Mt 13:4, 19; Mk 4:4; Lk 8:5; on the road (w. no motion implied; Theophr., HP 6, 6, 10: the crocus likes to be trodden under foot, διὸ καὶ παρὰ τὰς ὁδοὺς κάλλιστος; Phot. p. 222, 29 H. [s. above]) Mk 4:15; Lk 8:12. Perh. also Mt 20:30; Mk 10:46; Lk 18:35 (s. bα above).—παρὰ τὸ χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης on the seashore Hb 11:12 (TestAbr A 1 p. 78, 1 [Stone p. 4]; ApcEsdr 3:10; ApcSed 8:9).

② marker of extension in time, during, from … to (Lucian, Catapl. 24 παρὰ τ. βίον=during his life; POxy 472, 10; TestAbr A 20 p. 102, 26 [Stone p. 52] παρὰ μίαν ὥραν; Tat. 14, 2 παρʼ ὸ̔ν ἔζων χρόνον) παρʼ ἐνιαυτόν from year to year (Plut., Cleom. 15, 1; cp. ἐνιαυτός 1) B 10:7.

③ marker of comparative advantage, in comparison to, more than, beyond ἁμαρτωλοί, ὀφειλέται π. πάντας Lk 13:2, 4 (PSI 317, 6 [95 A.D.] παρὰ πάντας; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 234 παρὰ τ. ἄλλους ἅπαντας; JosAs 10:6 παρὰ πάσας τὰς παρθένους; Just., A I, 20, 3 παρὰ πάντας ἀδίκως μισούμεθα). κρίνειν ἡμέραν παρʼ ἡμέραν (s. κρίνω 1) Ro 14:5. π. πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν B 11:9 (prophetic quot. of unknown orig.). π. πάντα τὰ πνεύματα more than all other spirits Hm 10, 1, 2. ἐλαττοῦν τινα π. τινα make someone inferior to someone Hb 2:7, 9 (s. ἐλαττόω 1 and cp. PGrenf I, 42, 12 [II B.C.] ἐλαττουμένων ἡμῶν παρὰ τοὺς δεῖνα). εἶδος ἐκλεῖπον π. τὸ εἶδος τῶν ἀνθρώπων (s. ἐκλείπω 4) 1 Cl 16:3.—After a comp. (Thu. 1, 23, 3; ApcEsdr 1:22; Tat. 2, 2) Lk 3:13; Hb 1:4; 3:3; 9:23; 11:4; 12:24; B 4:5 (cp. Da 7:7); Hv 3, 12, 1; Hs 9, 18, 2.—When a comparison is made, one member of it may receive so little attention as to pass fr. consideration entirely, so that ‘more than’ becomes instead of, rather than, to the exclusion of (Plut., Mor. 984c; PsSol 9:9; EpArist 134; Just., A I, 22, 2) λατρεύειν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν κτίσαντα serve the creation rather than the Creator Ro 1:25 (cp. EpArist 139: the Jews worship τὸν μόνον θεὸν παρʼ ὅλην τὴν κτίσιν). δεδικαιωμένος παρʼ ἐκεῖνον justified rather than the other Lk 18:14. ἔχρισέν σε … παρὰ τοὺς μετόχους (God) has anointed you and not your comrades Hb 1:9 (Ps 44:8). ὑπερφρονεῖν παρʼ ὸ̔ δεῖ φρονεῖν Ro 12:3 (Plut., Mor. 83f παρʼ ὸ̔ δεῖ). παρὰ καιρὸν ἡλικίας Hb 11:11 (Plut., Rom. 25, 6 παρʼ ἡλικίαν; cp. ἡλικία 2a).—παρὰ δύναμιν beyond their means (s. δύναμις 2) 2 Cor 8:3.—After ἄλλος (Pla., Lach. 178b, Leg. 3, 693b; X., Hell. 1, 5, 5; Demosth. 18, 235) another than 1 Cor 3:11.

④ marker of degree that falls slightly short in comparison, except for, almost παρὰ μικρόν except for a little, almost (s. μικρός 1eγ) Hs 8, 1, 14. Likew. παρά τι (cp. Vett. Val. 228, 6) Lk 5:7 D; Hs 9, 19, 3.

⑤ marker of causality, because of (cp. Pind., O. 2, 65 κενεὰν παρὰ δίαιταν ‘in the interest of’ or ‘for the sake of a scanty livelihood’, the scantiness here contrasting with the immense labor involved; Demosth. 4, 11; 9, 2; PRyl 243, 6; POxy 1420, 7) παρὰ τό w. acc. foll. because (SIG 495, 130; UPZ 7, 13 [163 B.C.] παρὰ τὸ Ἕλληνά με εἶναι.—Mayser II/1, 1926, 331; Gen 29:20; Ex 14:11) 1 Cl 39:5f (Job 4:20f). π. τοῦτο because of this (Kühner-G. I 513, 3; Synes., Ep. 44 p. 185a; 57 p. 192d) ITr 5:2; IRo 5:1 (quot. fr. 1 Cor 4:4, where Paul has ἐν τούτῳ). οὐ παρὰ τοῦτο οὐ (double neg. as a strengthened affirmative) not for that reason any the less 1 Cor 12:15f.

⑥ marker of that which does not correspond to what is expected, against, contrary to (Hom., Alc. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; Just., Tat., Ath.—Schwyzer II 497) π. τὴν διδαχήν Ro 16:17. παρʼ ἐλπίδα against hope (s. ἐλπίς 1a) in wordplay w. ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι 4:18. παρὰ φύσιν (Thu. 6, 17, 1; Pla., Rep. 5, 466d; Tat. 22, 2; Ath. 26, 2, R. 6 p. 54, 13) 1:26; 11:24. παρὰ τὸν νόμον (Just., A II, 2, 4; Ath. 1, 3; cp. X., Mem. 1, 1, 18 παρὰ τοὺς νόμους; PMagd 16, 5 [222 B.C.] παρὰ τοὺς νόμους; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 233; Just., A I, 68, 10) Ac 18:13. παρʼ ὅ contrary to that which Gal 1:8f (Just., A I, 43, 8).

⑦ marker of something that is less, less (Hdt. 9, 33; Plut., Caesar 722 [30, 5]; Jos., Ant. 4, 176; POxy 264, 4 [I A.D.]) τεσσεράκοντα παρὰ μίαν forty less one=thirty-nine (i.e. lashes) 2 Cor 11:24 (cp. Makkoth 3, 10 [tr. HDanby, The Mishnah ’33, 407]).—On παρʼ αὐτά ITr 11:1 s. παραυτά.—DELG. M-M. TW.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > παρά

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