-
1 πυρός
πυρός, οῦ, ὁ (on the formation s. Schwyzer I 58; perh. related to πυρήν ‘stone’ of a fruit, s. Boisacq 829—Hom., Hdt., Aristoph. et al.; pap, LXX; TestJud 9:8; EpArist 145; Philo; Tat. 9, 2) wheat τὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ πυροῦ σπόρον sowing of wheat AcPlCor 2:26.—DELG s.v. πυρός. -
2 πυρός
A wheat, Triticum vulgare, μελίφρονα, μελιηδέα πυρόν, Il.8.188, 10.569; κατὰ πυρὸν ἄλεσσαν ground it, Od.20.109; given to geese, 19.536: pl., with other grains, ;πυροὶ καὶ κριθαί 9.110
, 19.112, cf. Il.11.69, IG12.76.38, al., Hdt.2.36, 4.33, Ar.V. 1405, Pax 1145, Av. 580, Th.6.22, D.19.145, Thphr.HP8.4.3, Dsc.2.85, etc.3 π. ἄγριος,= χελιδόνιον τὸ μικρόν, Dsc.2.181. (Cf. Lith. pūraĩ (pl.) 'wheat', and perh. πυρήν.) -
3 πῦρός
A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > πῦρός
-
4 πυρός
πῦρfire: neut gen sgπῡρός, πυρόςwheat: masc nom sg -
5 πυρός
-οῦ + ὁ N 2 6-12-6-7-6=37 Gn 30,14; Ex 9,32; 29,2; 34,22; Dt 8,8Cf. CADELL 1973, 329-338; WALTERS 1973, 124-125 -
6 πῦρ
πῦρ, ός, τό (Hom.+) fireⓐ of earthly fire, as an important element in creation Dg 7:2.—Mt 17:15; Mk 9:22; Ac 28:5; Js 5:3 (cp. 4 Macc 15:15); ITr 2:3. Melting lead 2 Cl 16:3. Necessary for forging metals Dg 2:3. Testing precious metals for purity 1 Pt 1:7; Hv 4, 3, 4; in metaphor Rv 3:18. For ἄνθρακες πυρός Ro 12:20 s. ἄνθραξ. For κάμινος (τοῦ) πυρός (Iren. 5, 5, 2 [Harv. II 332, 2) 1 Cl 45:7; 2 Cl 8:2 s. κάμινος. For βάλλειν εἰς (τὸ) π. s. βάλλω 1b.—περιάπτειν πῦρ kindle a fire Lk 22:55. κατακαίειν τι πυρί burn someth. (up) with fire, in a pass. construction Mt 13:40; τινὰ ἐν πυρὶ Rv 17:16 (v.l. without ἐν). Pass. construction 18:8. ὑπὸ πυρὸς κατακαίεσθαι MPol 5:2 (κατακαίω, end). πῦρ καιόμενον 11:2b (καίω 1a). πυρὶ καίεσθαι Hb 12:18; Rv 8:8 (καίω 1a). Fire is used in comparisons γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ πυρός Ac 2:3 (Ezek. Trag. 234 [in Eus., PE 9, 29, 14] ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ φέγγος ὡς πυρὸς ὤφθη ἡμῖν). φλὸξ πυρός a flame of fire (Ex 3:2; Is 29:6; PsSol 15:4; JosAs 14:9): ὀφθαλμοὶ ὡς φλὸξ πυρός Rv 1:14; cp. 2:18; 19:12.—Of a Christian worker who has built poorly in the congregation it is said σωθήσεται ὡς διὰ πυρός he will be saved as if through (the) fire, i.e. like a person who must pass through a wall of fire to escape fr. a burning house (Ps.-Crates, Ep. 6 [=Malherbe p. 56] κἂν διὰ πυρός; Jos., Ant. 17, 264 διὰ τοῦ πυρός; Diod S 1, 57, 7; 8 διὰ τοῦ φλογὸς … σωθείς from a burning tent) 1 Cor 3:15 (HHollander, NTS 40, ’94, 89–104; s. σῴζω 3). Cp. Jd 23 (ἁρπάζω 2a).—Of the torture of a loyal confessor by fire IRo 5:3; ISm 4:2; MPol 2:3; 11:2a; 13:3; 15:1f; 16:1; 17:2; cp. Hb 11:34; in imagery of Rome ἀπέρχομαι εἰς κάμινον πυρός AcPl Ha 6, 20 (cp. b below).ⓑ of fire that is heavenly in origin and nature (cp. Diod S 4, 2, 3 of the ‘fire’ of lightning, accompanying the appearance of Zeus; 16, 63, 3 τὸ θεῖον πῦρ; Just., D. 88, 3 πῦρ ἀνήφθη ἐν τῷ Ἰορδάνῳ [at Jesus’ baptism]. In gnostic speculation Iren. 1, 17, 1 [Harv. I 164, 14]; Hippol., Ref. 6, 9, 5.—Orig., C. Cels. 4, 13, 19): an angel appears to Moses ἐν φλογὶ πυρὸς βάτου in the flame of a burning thorn-bush Ac 7:30 (s. Ex 3:2; cp. Just., A I, 62, 3 ἐν ἰδέᾳ πυρός.—PKatz, ZNW 46, ’55, 133–38). God makes τοὺς λειτουργοὺς αὐτοῦ πυρὸς φλόγα (cp. Ps 103:4, esp. in the v.l. [ARahlfs, Psalmi cum Odis ’31]) Hb 1:7; 1 Cl 36:3. Corresp., there burn before the heavenly throne seven λαμπάδες πυρός Rv 4:5 and the ‘strong angel’ 10:1 has πόδες ὡς στῦλοι πυρός, but both of these pass. fit equally well in a. Fire appears mostly as a means used by God to execute punishment: in the past, in the case of Sodom ἔβρεξεν πῦρ καὶ θεῖον ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ Lk 17:29 (Gen 19:24; cp. 1QH 3:31). Cp. Lk 9:54 (4 Km 1:10, 12; TestAbr A 10 p. 88, 13 [Stone p. 24, 13] ἐξ οὐρανοῦ; Jos., Ant. 9, 23 πῦρ ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ πεσόν). Quite predom. in connection w. the Last Judgment: the end of the world διʼ αἵματος καὶ πυρός Hv 4, 3, 3; cp. Ac 2:19 (Jo 3:3. Also Sib-Or 4, 173; 5, 376f); Rv 8:7. κόσμος αἴρεται ἐν πυρί AcPl Ha 2, 26; 9, 11. The Judgment Day ἐν πυρὶ ἀποκαλύπτεται makes its appearance with fire 1 Cor 3:13a; cp. 13b (JGnilka, Ist 1 Cor 3:10–15 … Fegfeuer? ’55); 2 Pt 3:7 (on first-century cosmological views s. FDowning, L’AntCl 64, ’95, 99–109, esp. 107f). When Jesus comes again he will reveal himself w. his angels ἐν πυρὶ φλογός (cp. Sir 45:19) 2 Th 1:8. Oft. in Rv: fire is cast fr. heaven upon the earth 8:5; 13:13; 20:9 (καταβαίνω 1b). It proceeds fr. the mouths of God’s two witnesses 11:5 and fr. the mouths of plague-bringing horses 9:17f. See 16:8. For πυρὸς ζῆλος ἐσθίειν μέλλοντος τ. ὑπεναντίους Hb 10:27 s. ζῆλος 1, end. ἡ χείρ μου πυρὶ ἀποπίπτει ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ my hand falls off me from (burning in) the fire GJs 20:1 (codd.).—The fire w. which God punishes sinners (cp. ApcSed 4:1 κόλασις καὶ πῦρ ἐστιν ἡ παίδευσίς σου) οὐ σβέννυται (cp. Is 66:24) Mk 9:48; 2 Cl 7:6; 17:5. Hence it is called (s. PGM 5, 147 τὸ πῦρ τὸ ἀθάνατον): (τὸ) πῦρ (τὸ) αἰώνιον (4 Macc 12:12; TestZeb 10:3; GrBar 4:16; Just., A I, 21, 6 al.; Tat. 17, 1; Theoph. Ant. 1, 14 [p. 92, 9]) Mt 18:8; 25:41; Jd 7; Dg 10:7 (opp. τὸ πῦρ τὸ πρόσκαιρον 10:8). πῦρ ἄσβεστον (ἄσβεστος 1) Mt 3:12; Mk 9:43, 45 v.l.; Lk 3:17; 2 Cl 17:7; IEph 16:2; AcPl Ha 1, 22. It burns in the γέεννα (τοῦ) πυρός (ApcEsdr 1:9 p. 25, 1 Tdf.; s. γέεννα and cp. En 10:13 τὸ χάος τοῦ πυρός) Mt 5:22; 18:9 (cp. 1QS 2:7f); Mk 9:47 v.l.; 2 Cl 5:4 (a saying of Jesus not recorded elsewhere). ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρὸς (καὶ θείου) Rv 19:20; 20:10, 14ab, 15 (cp. Jos As 12, 10 ἄβυσσον τοῦ πυρός); cp. Rv 21:8; 14:10, 18; 15:2. The fiery place of punishment as ἡ κάμινος τοῦ πυρός Mt 13:42, 50 (difft. AcPl Ha 6, 20 see at the end of a, above). τὸ πῦρ ἐστι μετʼ αὐτοῦ fire awaits that person AcPlCor 2:37. The fire of hell is also meant in certain parables and allegories, in which trees and vines represent persons worthy of punishment Mt 3:10; 7:19; Lk 3:9; J 15:6. The one whose coming was proclaimed by John the Baptist βαπτίσει ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ καὶ πυρί; whether πῦρ in Mt 3:11; Lk 3:16 refers to reception of the Holy Spirit (esp. in Lk 3:16) or to the fire of divine judgment is debatable; for association of πῦρ with πνεῦμα s. Ac 2:3f; AcPlCor 2:13 (βαπτίζω 3b). As Lord of Judgment God is called πῦρ καταναλίσκον Hb 12:29 (Dt 4:24; 9:3.—Mesomedes calls Isis πῦρ τέλεον ἄρρητον [IAndrosIsis p. 145, 14]).—Of a different kind is the idea that fire is to be worshiped as a god (Maximus Tyr. 2, 4b of the Persians: πῦρ δέσποτα; Theosophien 14 p. 170, 11 τὸ πῦρ ἀληθῶς θεός) Dg 8:2.ⓒ fig. (Just., D. 8, 1 πῦρ ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ ἀνήφθη; Chariton 2, 4, 7 πῦρ εἰς τ. ψυχήν; Ael. Aristid. 28, 110 K.=49 p. 527 D.: τὸ ἱερὸν κ. θεῖον πῦρ τὸ ἐκ Διός; Aristaen., Ep. 2, 5; PGrenf I=Coll. Alex. p. 177 ln. 15 [II B.C.] of the fire of love; Theoph. Ant. 1, 3 [p. 62, 21] of God’s wrath) ἡ γλῶσσα πῦρ Js 3:6 (s. γλῶσσα 1a). The saying of Jesus πῦρ ἦλθον βαλεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν Lk 12:49 seems, in the context where it is now found, to refer to the fire of discord (s. vss. 51–53). πῦρ is also taken as fig. in Agr 3, the sense of which, however, cannot be determined w. certainty (s. Unknown Sayings, 54–56) ὁ ἐγγύς μου ἐγγὺς τοῦ πυρός. ὁ δὲ μακρὰν ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ μακρὰν ἀπὸ τῆς βασιλείας (cp. ἐγγύς 3; ἐγγὺς εἶναι τοῦ πυρός as someth. dangerous also Chariton 6, 3, 9). On the difficult pass. πᾶς πυρὶ ἁλισθήσεται Mk 9:49 and its variants s. ἁλίζω and cp. ἅλας b (s. also NColeman, JTS 24, 1923, 381–96, ET 48, ’37, 360–62; PHaupt, Salted with Fire: AJP 45, 1924, 242–45; AFridrichsen, Würzung durch Feuer: SymbOsl 4, 1926, 36–38; JdeZwaan, Met vuur gezouten worden, Mc 9:49: NThSt 11, 1928, 179–82; RHarris, ET 48, ’37, 185f; SEitrem, Opferritus u. Voropfer der Griechen u. Römer 1915, 309–44. JBauer, TZ 15, ’59, 446–50; HZimmermann [Mk 9:49], TQ 139, ’59, 28–39; TBaarda [Mk 9:49], NTS 5, ’59, 318–21).—B. 71; RAC VII 786–90; BHHW I 479f. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
7 πῦρ
πῦρ (once [full] πύυρ [?πῦρX [pron. full] ¯ ?πῦρX] by 'distraction', Simon.59 codd. Hdn.Gr. (Rh.Mus.35.101, 38.378)), τό, gen. πῠρός; not used in pl.,A v. πυρά, τά:— fire, π. καίειν or δαίειν to kindle fire, Il.8.521, Od.7.7, etc.; π. ἀνακαίειν, ἅπτειν, ἐξάπτειν, αἴθειν, ἐναύειν, v. sub vocc.; π. ποιεῖν, ποιήσασθαι, Anaxipp.1.12, X.An.5.2.27;οἴσετε π. Il.15.718
;π. προσέφερον X.An.5.2.14
; π. ἐμβαλεῖν νηυσί, κλισίῃσι, Il.15.597, Od.8.501 (tm.); π. φυσητέον, ῥιπίζειν, Ar.Lys. 293, Plu.Flam.21; as exclam., ".b π. τεχνικόν, v. τεχνικός.2 funeral-fire (cf. πυρά), ὄφρα πυρός με.. λελάχωσι θανόντα Il.7.79
, 22.342, cf. 15.350, 23.76; ζῶντα διδόναι τινὰ πυρί burn one alive, Hdt.1.86.3 sacrificial fire,ἐν πυρὶ βάλλε θυηλάς Il.9.220
, cf. Od.3.341, 446;κατὰ τοῦ π. σπένδειν Pl.Criti. 120a
;διὰ τοῦ π. ὀμνύναι D.54.40
.4 hearthfire,πυρὸς ἐσχάραι Il.10.418
, cf. Od.5.59; ;πυρὶ δέχεσθαί τινα E.Or.47
; τὸ π. τὸ ἀθάνατον the fire of Vesta, Plu.Num.9, etc.; deified,Πῦρ ἀθάνατον SIG826 ii 14
(Delph., ii B.C.).5 lightning,κεραυνὸς ἀενάου πυρός Pi.P.1.6
;πῦρ πνέοντος κεραυνοῦ Id.Fr. 146
;πυρὸς ἀμφήκης βόστρυχος A.Pr. 1044
(anap.);πυρὶ καὶ στεροπαῖς S.OT 470
(anap.);παλτῷ ῥιπτεῖ πυρί Id.Ant. 131
(anap.);θείῳ πυρὶ παμφαής Id.Ph. 728
(lyr.).b fire, light, or heat of the sun, θερινὸν π., opp. χειμών, Pi.P.3.50, cf. Pl.Lg. 865b; of the stars,π. πνείοντα ἄστρα S.Ant. 1146
(lyr.); summer solstice, Alcm.79, Paul.Al.A.3.6 flame of torches, S.Ant. 964 (lyr.), etc.; π. εὐάγγελον, ἄγγαρον, πομπόν, of the beacon fire, A. Ag.21, 282, 299.7 fever heat, violent fever, πῦρ ἔλαβέν [ τινα] Hp. Epid.1.26.ή, al.;ὁ δ' ἔχων θέρμαν καὶ π. ἧκεν Ar.Fr. 690
;τεταρταίῳ πυρί Call.Aet.3.1.17
;π. ἄγριον Hp.Epid.7.20
(of erysipelas acc. to Gal.19.134).II phrases, ἐν πυρὶ γενέσθαι to be consumed, come to nothing, Il.2.340; φεύγων καπνὸν εἰς πῦρ δεσποτείας ἐμπεπτωκώς 'out of the frying pan into the fire, Pl.R. 569b, cf. Prov. ap. Simp.in Epict. p.72 D.; ; πῦρ ἐπὶ πῦρ ἐγχεῖν, ἄγειν, φέρειν, ἐπεισφέρειν, Cratin.18, Ar.Fr. 453, Arist.Pr. 880a21, Plu.2.61a; εἰς π. ξαίνειν 'plough the sands', Pl.Lg. 780c; , cf. Plb.21.20.7: as a type of things irresistible or terrible,ἀντίος εἶμι, καὶ εἰ πυρὶ χεῖρας ἔοικε Il.20.371
; , al.;Ἕκτωρ πυρὸς αἰνὸν ἔχει μένος 17.565
, cf. 6.182; soτὸ πεπρωμένον οὐ π. σχήσει Pi.Fr. 232
; ;οὐδὲν θηρίον γυναικὸς ἀμαχώτερον, οὐδὲ π. Ar.Lys. 1015
;ἀναρχία κρείσσων πυρός E.Hec. 608
;ἐχίδνης καὶ πυρὸς περαιτέρω Id.Andr. 271
; so διὰ πυρὸς ἰέναι (as we say) to go through fire and water, dash through any danger, X.Smp.4.16, cf. Oec.21.7, Ar.Lys. 133; but διὰ πυρὸς ἦλθε ἑτέρῳ λέχεϊ she raged furiously against the other partner of the bed, E.Andr. 487 (lyr.);διὰ πυρὸς ἔμολον ματρί Id.El. 1183
(lyr.);σωθήσεται οὕτω δὲ ὡς διὰ πυρός 1 Ep.Cor.3.15
;εἰς π. ἅλλεσθαι X.Mem. 1.3.9
;κἂν εἰς π. ἐμβαῖεν Lib.Ep.314.3
;π. διέρπειν S.Ant. 265
; of persons,ὦ π. σύ.. Id.Ph. 927
; of Hannibal, Plu.Flam.21: metaph. of anxious hope,θάλπει τῷδ' ἀνηκέστῳ πυρί S.El. 888
; of love,ἀρσενικῷ θέρεται π. Call.Epigr.27.5
, cf. 45.2. (Cf. Arm. hur, OE. fyr 'fire', etc.) -
8 πῦρ
πῡρ (πῦρ, πυρός, πυρί, πῦρ.)1 fireaὁ δὲ χρυσὸς αἰθόμενον πῦρ ἅτε διαπρέπει O. 1.1
ὕδατος πυρὶ ζέοισαν εἰς ἀκμάν O. 1.48
πῦρ πνεόντων ἀρχὸς ἵππων O. 7.71
ὑπὸ στερεῷ πυρὶ O. 10.36
Χίμαιραν πῦρ πνέοισαν O. 13.90
τὸν αἰχματὰν κεραυνὸν σβεννύεις αἰενάου πυρός P. 1.6
τᾶς ἐρεύγονται μὲν ἀπλάτου πυρὸς ἁγνόταται ἐκ μυχῶν παγαί P. 1.21
πῦρ ἐξ ἑνὸς σπέρματος ἐνθορὸν ἀίστωσεν ὕλαν P. 3.36
πυρὶ καιόμενος P. 3.102
φλόγ' πνέον καιομένοιο πυρος P. 4.225
πῦρ δέ νιν οὐκ ἐόλει P. 4.233
εἴ ποτε χειμέριον πῦρ ἐξίκηται λοίσθιον (sc. δρῦς) P. 4.266πῦρ δὲ παγκρατὲς θρασυμαχάνων τε λεόντων ὄνυχας ὀξυτάτους ἀκμὰν καὶ δεινοτάτων σχάσαις ὀδόντων N. 4.62
γαίᾳ δὲ καυθείσᾳ πυρὶ i. e. earthenware N. 10.35ματέρ' πολεμίῳ πυρὶ πλαγεῖσαν Pae. 2.30
χρῆν ἄρα Πέργαμον εὐρὺν ἀιστῶσαι σέλας αἰθομένου πυρός Pae. 6.98
ὁ παγκρατὴς κεραυνὸς ἀμπνέων πῦρ Δ. 2. 1. θύματα μειγνύντων πυρὶ τηλεφανεῖ Θρ... πῦρ πνέοντος κεραυνοῦ fr. 146. 1. πυρὶ δ' ὑπνόωντε σώματα ( ὤπτων coni. Snell) fr. 168. 3. τὸ πεπρωμένον οὐ πῦρ οὐ σιδάρεον σχήσει τεῖχος fr. 232.b heatἢ θερινῷ πυρὶ περθόμενοι δέμας ἢ χειμῶνι P. 3.50
-
9 σέλας
Aσέλαϊ Il.17.739
, [var] contr.σέλᾳ Od.21.246
; gen.σέλαος Plot.6.7.33
, : pl. , al., Plu.Caes.63, AP9.289 (Bass.); gen. codd. ( σελῶν ap.Stob.):—light, brightness, flame,πυρός Il.19.366
, al.; καιομένοιο πυρός, π. αἰθομένοιο, ib. 375, 8.563; ἐν σέλαϊ μεγάλῳ, without any word added, 17.739; δαΐδων ς. Od.18.354, Hes.Sc. 275;σ. λάβρον Ἡφαίστου Pi.P. 3.39
;ἀπὸ.. λάμπε γυίων σ. ὧτε πυρός B.16.104
; Ἥφαιστος.. λαμπρὸν ἐκπέμπων ς., of a beacon fire, A.Ag. 281, cf. 289; Ἡφαιστότευκτον, of a volcano, S.Ph. 986; ; ἐφέστιον ς. S.Tr. 607; of the heavenly bodies,σ. γένετ' ἠΰτε μήνης Il.19.374
; ἁλίου ς. A.Eu. 926 (lyr.), S.El.17, Ar.Av. 1711; of day light, καθαρὸν ἁμέρας ς. Pi.Fr.142.4, cf. S.Aj. 856; πρὶν θεοῦ δῦναι ς. E.Supp. 469;τὸ σ. καὶ τὸ φῶς ταὐτόν Pl.Cra. 409b
; lightning, flash of lightning, δαιόμενον ς. Il.8.76, cf. Democr.152; Διὸς ς. S.OC95;σ. ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ Hdt.3.28
; meteor, Arist.Mu. 395a31; torchlight, h.Cer.52, A.R.4.808, cf. AP9.46, etc., the flash of an angry eye, ἐξ ὀμμάτων ἤστραπτε γοργωπὸν ς. A.Pr. 358, cf. E.Cyc. 663 (so in Hom., ὄσσε λαμπέσθην ὡς εἴ τε πυρὸς ς. Il.19.366; ὄσσε δεινὸν ὑπὸ βλεφάρων ὡς εἰ σ. ἐξεφάανθεν ib.17): metaph. of love, Theoc.2.134, cf. AP12.93 (Rhian.). -
10 διά
διά prep. w. gen. and acc. (Hom.+) (for lit. s. ἀνά, beg.); the fundamental idea that finds expression in this prep. is separation, esp. in the gen., with the gener. sense ‘through’; in the acc. the gener. sense also is ‘through’ (cp. the semantic range in Eng.), but primarily with a causal focus ‘owing to’.A. w. gen.① marker of extension through an area or object, via, throughⓐ w. verbs of going διέρχεσθαι διὰ πάντων (sc. τόπων, EpArist 132) go through all the places Ac 9:32; cp. Mt 12:43; Lk 11:24. ἀπελεύσομαι διʼ ὑμῶν εἰς I will go through your city on the way to Ro 15:28; cp. 2 Cor. 1:16. διαβαίνειν Hb 11:29. διαπορεύεσθαι διὰ σπορίμων Lk 6:1. εἰσέρχεσθαι διὰ τῆς πύλης (Jos., Ant. 13, 229) Mt 7:13a; τ. θύρας J 10:1f; cp. vs. 9. παρέρχεσθαι διὰ τ. ὁδοῦ pass by along the road Mt 8:28; cp. 7:13b. παραπορεύεσθαι Mk 2:23; 9:30. περιπατεῖν διὰ τοῦ φωτός walk about through or in the light Rv 21:24. ὑποστρέφειν διὰ Μακεδονίας return through M. Ac 20:3.—Ἰης. ὁ ἐλθὼν διʼ ὕδατος καὶ αἵματος 1J 5:6 first of all refers quite literally to Jesus’ passing through water at the hand of John and through blood at his death (on the expression ‘come through blood’ in this sense cp. Eur., Phoen. 20 in Alex. Aphr., Fat. 31 II 2 p. 202, 10, of the oracle to Laius the father of Oedipus, concerning the bloody downfall of his house: πᾶς σὸς οἶκος βήσεται διʼ αἵματος). But mng. 3c may also apply: Jesus comes with the water of baptism and with the blood of redemption for his own.—AKlöpper, 1J 5:6–12: ZWT 43, 1900, 378–400.—The ῥῆμα ἐκπορευόμενον διὰ στόματος θεοῦ Mt 4:4 (Dt 8:3) is simply the word that proceeds out of the mouth of God (cp. Theognis 1, 18 Diehl3 τοῦτʼ ἔπος ἀθανάτων ἦλθε διὰ στομάτων; Pittacus in Diog. L. 1, 78 διὰ στόματος λαλεῖ; Chrysippus argues in Diog. L. 7, 187: εἴ τι λαλεῖς, τοῦτο διὰ τοῦ στόματός σου διέρχεται, i.e. if one e.g. says the word ἅμαξα, a wagon passes through the person’s lips; TestIss 7:4 ψεῦδος οὐκ ἀνῆλθε διὰ τ. χειλέων μου. Cp. also δέχεσθαι διὰ τῶν χειρῶν τινος Gen 33:10 beside δέχ. ἐκ τ. χειρ. τινος Ex 32:4).ⓑ w. other verbs that include motion: οὗ ὁ ἔπαινος διὰ πασῶν τ. ἐκκλησιῶν (sc. ἀγγέλλεται) throughout all the congregations 2 Cor 8:18. διαφέρεσθαι διʼ (v.l. καθʼ) ὅλης τῆς χώρας be spread through the whole region Ac 13:49. διὰ τ. κεράμων καθῆκαν αὐτόν they let him down through the tile roof Lk 5:19. διὰ τοῦ τείχους καθῆκαν through an opening in the wall (Jos., Ant. 5, 15) Ac 9:25; cp. 2 Cor 11:33. (σωθήσεται) ὡς διὰ πυρός as if he had come through fire 1 Cor 3:15. διασῴζεσθαι διʼ ὕδατος be brought safely through the water 1 Pt 3:20.—διʼ ὅλου J 19:23 s. ὅλος 2.ⓐ of a whole period of time, to its very end throughout, through, during διὰ παντός (sc. χρόνου. Edd. gener. write διὰ παντός, but Tdf. writes διαπαντός exc. Mt 18:10) always, continually, constantly (Hdt. 1, 122, 3; Thu. 1, 38, 1; Vett. Val. 220, 1; 16; PLond I, 42, 6 [172 B.C.] p. 30; BGU 1078, 2; PGM 7, 235; LXX; GrBar 10:7; EpArist index; Jos., Ant. 3, 281; SibOr Fgm. 1, 17; Just., D. 6, 2; 12, 3 al.) Mt 18:10; Mk 5:5; Lk 24:53; Ac 2:25 (Ps 15:8); 10:2; 24:16; Ro 11:10 (Ps 68:24); 2 Th 3:16; Hb 9:6; 13:15; Hm 5, 2, 3; Hs 9, 27, 3. διὰ νυκτός during the night, overnight (νύξ 1b) Ac 23:31. διʼ ὅλης νυκτός the whole night through Lk 5:5; J 21:6 v.l. (X., An. 4, 2, 4; Diod S 3, 12, 3 διʼ ὅλης τῆς νυκτός; PGM 4, 3151; Jos., Ant. 6, 37; cp. διʼ ἡμέρας all through the day: IPriene 112, 61 and 99; 1 Macc 12:27; 4 Macc 3:7). διʼ ἡμερῶν τεσσεράκοντα Ac 1:3 means either for forty days (Philo, Vi. Cont. 35 διʼ ἓξ ἡμερῶν. So AFridrichsen, ThBl 6, 1927, 337–41; MEnslin, JBL 47, 1928, 60–73) or (s. b below) now and then in the course of 40 days (B-D-F §223, 1; Rob. 581; WMichaelis, ThBl 4, 1925, 102f; Bruce, Acts). διὰ παντὸς τοῦ ζῆν throughout the lifetime Hb 2:15 (cp. διὰ παντὸς τοῦ βίου: X., Mem. 1, 2, 61; Pla., Phileb. 39e; Dionys. Hal. 2, 21; διʼ ὅλου τοῦ ζῆν EpArist 130; 141; 168).ⓑ of a period of time within which someth. occurs during, at (PTebt 48, 10) διὰ (τῆς) νυκτός at night, during the night (Palaeph. 1, 10; PRyl 138, 15 κατέλαβα τοῦτον διὰ νυκτός; Jos., Bell. 1, 229. S. νύξ 1b end) Ac 5:19; 16:9; 17:10. διὰ τῆς ἡμέρας during the day Lk 9:37 D (Antig. Car. 128 διὰ πέμπτης ἡμέρας=on the fifth day). διὰ τριῶν ἡμερῶν within three days Mt 26:61; Mk 14:58.ⓒ of an interval of time, after (Hdt. 6, 118, 3 διʼ ἐτέων εἴκοσι; Thu. 2, 94, 3; X., Mem. 2, 8, 1; Diod S 5, 28, 6 of transmigration of souls: διʼ ἐτῶν ὡρισμένων [=after the passing of a certain number of years] πάλιν βιοῦν; OGI 56, 38; 4 Macc 13:21; Jos., Ant. 4, 209): διʼ ἐτῶν πλειόνων after several years Ac 24:17. διὰ δεκατεσσάρων (s. under δέκα) ἐτῶν after 14 years Gal 2:1. διʼ ἡμερῶν several days afterward Mk 2:1. διὰ ἱκανοῦ χρόνου after (quite) some time Ac 11:2 D (X., Cyr. 1, 4, 28 διὰ χρόνου).③ marker of instrumentality or circumstance whereby someth. is accomplished or effected, by, via, throughⓐ of means or instrument γράφειν διά χάρτου καὶ μέλανος write w. paper and ink 2J 12; cp. 3J 13 (Plut., Sol. 87 [17, 3]). διὰ πυρὸς δοκιμάζειν test by fire 1 Pt 1:7. διὰ χρημάτων κτᾶσθαι Ac 8:20. Hebraistically in expr. denoting activity διὰ χειρῶν τινος (LXX) Mk 6:2; Ac 5:12; 14:3; 19:11, 26. Differently γράφειν διὰ χειρός τινος write through the agency of someone 15:23; cp. 11:30. εἰπεῖν διὰ στόματός τινος by the mouth of someone (where the usage discussed in A1a is influential) 1:16; 3:18, 21; 4:25. εὔσημον λόγον διδόναι διὰ τῆς γλώσσης utter intelligible speech with the tongue 1 Cor 14:9. διὰ τοῦ νοὸς λαλεῖν speak, using one’s reason (=consciously; opp., ecstatic speech) vs. 19 v.l. Of the work of Christ: περιποιεῖσθαι διὰ τοῦ αἵματος obtain through his blood Ac 20:28; cp. Eph 1:7; Col 1:20. Also διὰ τοῦ θανάτου Ro 5:10; Col 1:22; Hb 2:14; διὰ τοῦ σώματος Ro 7:4; διὰ τῆς ἰδίας σαρκός AcPlCor 2:6; cp. 2:15; διὰ τοῦ σταυροῦ Eph 2:16; διὰ τῆς θυσίας Hb 9:26; διὰ τῆς προσφορᾶς τοῦ σώματος Ἰησοῦ through the offering of the body of Jesus 10:10; διὰ παθημάτων 2:10.ⓑ of manner, esp. w. verbs of saying: ἀπαγγέλλειν διὰ λόγου by word of mouth Ac 15:27; cp. 2 Th 2:15. διʼ ἐπιστολῶν by letter (POxy 1066, 9; 1070, 14f πολλάκις σοι γράψας διὰ ἐπιστολῶν πολλῶν; Tat. 12:3 δια γραφῆς in writing) 1 Cor 16:3; 2 Cor 10:11; cp. 2 Th 2:2, 15. διὰ λόγου πολλοῦ w. many words Ac 15:32. διʼ ὁράματος εἰπεῖν in a vision 18:9. διὰ παραβολῆς in an illustrative way, in a parable Lk 8:4. διὰ προσευχῆς καὶ δεήσεως προσεύχεσθαι call on (God) w. prayer and supplication Eph 6:18. διὰ βραχέων ἐπιστέλλειν write briefly Hb 13:22 (cp. 1 Pt 5:12 P72; Isocr. 14, 3; Lucian, Tox. 56; EpArist 128; Ath. 17:1 σκέψασθε … διὰ βρ.). Also διʼ ὀλίγων γράφειν 1 Pt 5:12 (Pla., Phileb. 31d; UPZ 42, 9 [162 B.C.]; 2 Macc 6:17).ⓒ of attendant or prevailing circumstance (Kühner-G. I 482f; X., Cyr. 4, 6, 6 διὰ πένθους τὸ γῆρας διάγων; Just., D. 105, 2 διʼ οὗ πάθους ἔμελλενἀποθνῄσκειν; PTebt 35, 9 [111 B.C.] διὰ τῆς γνώμης τινός=with someone’s consent; Jos., Bell. 4, 105) σὲ τὸν διὰ γράμματος καὶ περιτομῆς παραβάτην νόμου you who, (though provided) with the written code and circumcision, are a transgressor/violator of the law Ro 2:27. διʼ ὑπομονῆς 8:25. διὰ προσκόμματος eat with offense (to the scruples of another) 14:20. διʼ ἀκροβυστίας in a state of being uncircumcised 4:11. διὰ πολλῶν δακρύων with many tears 2 Cor 2:4. Cp. 6:7. διὰ τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως 2 Pt 1:3 ( through recognition [of God as source of the gifts], s. Danker, Benefactor 457). διὰ πυρός in fiery form AcPlCor 2:13.—Here prob. belongs σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας 1 Ti 2:15 (opp. of the negative theme in Gen. 3:16), but s. d next. On 1J 5:6 s. A1a above.ⓓ of efficient cause via, through διὰ νόμου ἐπίγνωσις ἁμαρτίας ( only) recognition of sin comes via the law Ro 3:20; cp. 4:13. τὰ παθήματα τὰ διὰ τοῦ νόμου passions aroused via the law 7:5. διὰ νόμου πίστεως by the law of faith 3:27; Gal 2:19. ἀφορμὴν λαμβάνειν διὰ τῆς ἐντολῆς Ro 7:8, 11; cp. 13. διὰ τ. εὐαγγελίου ὑμᾶς ἐγέννησα (spiritual parenthood) 1 Cor 4:15. Perh. 1 Ti 2:15 but s. c, above. διὰ τῆς σοφίας with its wisdom 1 Cor 1:21; opp. διὰ τῆς μωρίας τοῦ κηρύγματος through the folly of proclamation = foolish proclamation ibid. διὰ τῆς Λευιτικῆς ἱερωσύνης Hb 7:11. Freq. διὰ (τῆς) πίστεως Ro 1:12; 3:22, 25, 30f; Gal 2:16; 3:14, 26; Eph 2:8; 3:12, 17 al. Cp. AcPl Cor 2:8. πίστις διʼ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη faith which works through (=expresses itself in) deeds of love Gal 5:6. διὰ θελήματος θεοῦ if God is willing Ro 15:32; by the will of God 1 Cor 1:1; 2 Cor 1:1; 8:5; Eph 1:1; Col 1:1; 2 Ti 1:1.ⓔ of occasion διὰ τῆς χάριτος by virtue of the grace Ro 12:3; Gal 1:15 (Just., D. 100, 2).—3:18; 4:23; Phlm 22. διὰ δόξης καὶ ἀρετῆς in consequence of his glory and excellence 2 Pt 1:3 v.l.ⓕ in wording of urgent requests διὰ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν τοῦ θεοῦ by the mercy of God Ro 12:1; cp. 15:30; 1 Cor 1:10; 2 Cor 10:1.④ marker of pers. agency, through, byⓐ with focus on agency through ( the agency of), by (X., An. 2, 3, 17 διʼ ἑρμηνέως λέγειν; Menand., Fgm. 210, 1 οὐθεὶς διʼ ἀνθρώπου θεὸς σῴζει … ἑτέρου τόν ἕτερον; Achilles Tat. 7, 1, 3 διʼ ἐκείνου μαθεῖν; Just., D. 75, 4 διὰ παρθένου γεννηθῆναι; PMert 5, 8 γεομετρηθῆναι διʼ αὐτοῦ) ῥηθὲν διὰ τοῦ προφήτου Mt 1:22; 2:15, 23; 4:14 al. (cp. Just., A I, 47, 5 διὰ Ἠσαίου τοῦ πρ.). γεγραμμένα διὰ τῶν προφητῶν Lk 18:31; cp. Ac 2:22; 10:36; 15:12 al. διʼ ἀνθρώπου by human agency Gal 1:1. διὰ Μωϋσέως through Moses (Jos., Ant. 7, 338; Mel., P. 11, 77 διὰ χειρὸς Μωυσέως) J 1:17; under Moses’ leadership Hb 3:16. διʼ ἀγγέλων by means of divine messengers (TestJob 18:5 διὰ τοῦ ἀγγέλου; cp. Jos., Ant. 15, 136, but s. n. by RMarcus, Loeb ed., ad loc.) Gal 3:19; Hb 2:2. πέμψας διὰ τ. μαθητῶν εἶπεν sent and said through his disciples Mt 11:2f. Cp. the short ending of Mk. γράφειν διά τινος of the bearer IRo 10:1; IPhld 11:2; ISm 12:1, but also of pers. who had a greater or smaller part in drawing up some document (Dionys. of Cor. in Eus., HE 4, 23, 11) 1 Pt 5:12 (on the practice s. ERichards, The Secretary in the Letters of Paul ’91). In this case διά comes close to the mng. represented by (LWenger, D. Stellvertretung im Rechte d. Pap. 1906, 9ff; Dssm., LO 98 [LAE 123f]). So also κρίνει ὁ θεὸς διὰ Χρ. Ἰ. God judges, represented by Christ Jesus Ro 2:16. Christ as intermediary in the creation of the world J 1:3, 10; 1 Cor 8:6; Col 1:16.—εὐχαριστεῖν τ. θεῷ διὰ Ἰ. Χρ. thank God through Jesus Christ Ro 1:8; 7:25; Col 3:17.—Occasionally the mediation becomes actual presence (references for this usage in BKeil, Anonymus Argentinensis 1902, p. 192, 1; 306 note) διὰ πολλῶν μαρτύρων in the presence of many witnesses 2 Ti 2:2 (Simplicius in Epict. p. 114, 31 διὰ θεοῦ μέσου=in the presence of God as mediator; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 187 τὸ διὰ μαρτύρων κλαίειν=weeping in the presence of witnesses).ⓑ with focus on the originator of an action (Hom. et al.; pap, LXX, EpArist)α. of human activity (PSI 354, 6 [254 B.C.] τὸν χόρτον τὸν συνηγμένον διʼ ἡμῶν=by us; 500, 5; 527, 12; 1 Esdr 6:13; 2 Macc 6:21; 4 Macc 1:11) 2 Cor 1:11 (where διὰ πολλῶν resumes ἐκ πολλῶν προσώπων). ᾧ παρέλαβε κανόνι διὰ τῶν μακαρίων προφήτων καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου εὐαγγελίου AcPlCor 2:36.β. of divine activity:—of God (Aeschyl., Ag. 1485; Pla., Symp. 186e ἡ ἰατρικὴ πᾶσα διὰ τ. θεοῦ τούτου [Asclepius] κυβερνᾶται; Ael. Aristid., Sarap. [Or. 8 Dind.=45 Keil] 14 K. πάντα γὰρ πανταχοῦ διὰ σοῦ τε καὶ διὰ σὲ ἡμῖν γίγνεται; Zosimus in CALG p. 143 and a magic ring in introd. 133; EpArist 313) 1 Cor 1:9 διʼ οὗ ἐκλήθητε (v.l. ὑπό s. καλέω 4); Ro 11:36 (s. Norden, Agn. Th. 240–50; 347f); Hb 2:10b (s. B 2a, below; cp. Ar. 1:5 διʼ αὐτοῦ … τὰ πάντα συνέστηκεν).—Of Christ Ro 1:5; 5:9, 17f, 21; 8:37; 2 Cor 1:20 al. (ASchettler, D. paulin. Formel ‘durch Christus’ 1907; GJonker, De paulin. formule ‘door Christus’: ThSt 27, 1909, 173–208).—Of the Holy Spirit Ac 11:28; 21:4; Ro 5:5.⑤ At times διά w. gen. seems to have causal mng. (Rdm. 142; POxy 299, 2 [I A.D.] ἔδωκα αὐτῷ διὰ σοῦ=because of you; Achilles Tat. 3, 4, 5 διὰ τούτων=for this reason; in Eng. cp. Coleridge, Anc. Mariner 135–36: Every tongue thro’ utter drouth Was wither’d at the root, s. OED s.v. ‘through’ I B 8) διὰ τῆς σαρκός because of the resistance of the flesh Ro 8:3.—2 Cor 9:13.—On the use of διά w. gen. in Ro s. Schlaeger, La critique radicale de l’épître aux Rom.: Congr. d’ Hist. du Christ. II 111f.B. w. acc.① marker of extension through an area, through (Hom. and other early Gk. only in poetry, e.g. Pind. P. 9, 123 διʼ ὅμιλον ‘through the throng’; Hellenistic prose since Dionys. Hal. [JKäser, D. Präpositionen b. Dionys. Hal., diss. Erlangen 1915, 54]; ISyriaW 1866b τὸν πάτρωνα διὰ πάντα of the governor of a whole province) διήρχετο διὰ μέσον Σαμαρείας καὶ Γαλιλαίας Lk 17:11 (cp. SibOr 3, 316 ῥομφαία διελεύσεται διὰ μέσον σεῖο).② marker of someth. constituting causeⓐ the reason why someth. happens, results, exists: because of, for the sake of (do something for the sake of a divinity: UPZ 62, 2 [161 B.C.] διὰ τὸν Σάραπιν; JosAs 1:10 διʼ αὐτήν; ApcSed 3:3 διὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον; Tat. 8:2 διὰ τὸν … Ἄττιν; Ath. 30, 1 διὰ τὴν Δερκετώ) hated because of the name Mt 10:22; persecution arises because of teaching 13:21; because of unbelief vs. 58; because of a tradition 15:3; διὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον (the sabbath was designed) for people Mk 2:27; because of Herodias Mk 6:17 (cp. Just. D. 34, 8 διὰ γυναῖκα); because of a crowd Lk 5:19; 8:19 al; because of Judeans Ac 16:3. διὰ τὸν θόρυβον 21:34; because of rain 28:2. Juristically to indicate guilt: imprisoned for insurrection and murder Lk 23:25. διʼ ὑμᾶς on your account=through your fault Ro 2:24 (Is 52:5). διὰ τὴν πάρεσιν because of the passing over 3:25 (but s. WKümmel, ZTK 49, ’52, 164). διὰ τὰ παραπτώματα on account of transgressions 4:25a (cp. Is 53:5; PsSol 13:5); but διὰ τὴν δικαίωσιν in the interest of justification vs. 25b; s. 8:10 for a sim. paired use of διὰ. διὰ τὴν χάριν on the basis of the grace 15:15. διʼ ἀσθένειαν τῆς σαρκός because of a physical ailment (cp. POxy 726, 10f [II A.D.] οὐ δυνάμενος διʼ ἀσθένειαν πλεῦσαι. Cp. ἀσθένεια 1) Gal 4:13. διὰ τὸ θέλημα σου by your will Rv 4:11. διὰ τὸν χρόνον according to the time = by this time Hb 5:12 (Aelian, VH 3, 37 δ. τὸν χρ.=because of the particular time-situation).—W. words denoting emotions out of (Diod S 5, 59, 8 διὰ τὴν λύπην; 18, 25, 1 διὰ τὴν προπέτειαν=out of rashness; Appian, Celt. 1 §9 διʼ ἐλπίδα; 2 Macc 5:21; 7:20; 9:8; 3 Macc 5:32, 41; Tob 8:7): διὰ φθόνον out of envy Mt 27:18; Phil 1:15. διὰ σπλάγχνα ἐλέους out of tender mercy Lk 1:78. διὰ τ. φόβον τινός out of fear of someone J 7:13. διὰ τὴν πολλὴν ἀγάπην out of the great love Eph 2:4. διὰ τ. πλεονεξίαν in their greediness B 10:4.—Of God as the ultimate goal or purpose of life, whereas διά w. gen. (s. A4bβ above) represents God as Creator, Hb 2:10a (s. Norden, op. cit.; PGM 13, 76 διὰ σὲ συνέστηκεν … ἡ γῆ). Cp. J 6:57 (s. Bultmann ad loc.) PtK 2.ⓑ in direct questions διὰ τί; why? (Hyperid. 3, 17; Dio Chrys. 20 [37], 28; Ael. Aristid. 31 p. 597 D.; oft. LXX; TestJob 37:8; TestLevi 2:9; GrBar, Tat; Mel., Fgm. 8b, 42) mostly in an interrogative clause Mt 9:11, 14; 13:10; 15:2f; 17:19; 21:25; Mk 2:18; 11:31; Lk 5:30; 19:23, 31; 20:5; 24:38; J 7:45; 8:43, 46; 12:5; 13:37; Ac 5:3; 1 Cor 6:7; Rv 17:7. Simply διὰ τί; (Hyperid. 3, 23) Ro 9:32; 2 Cor 11:11. Also διατί (always in t.r. and often by Tdf.; TestJob 46:2) B 8:4, 6; Hm 2:5; Hs 5, 5, 5. Kvan Leeuwen Boomkamp, Τι et Διατι dans les évangiles: RevÉtGr 39, 1926, 327–31.—In real and supposed answers and inferences διὰ τοῦτο therefore (X., An. 1, 7, 3; 7, 19; oft. LXX; JosAs 7:7; Ar. 12, 2; Just., A I, 44, 5 al.; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 2, 3 Jac.) Mt 6:25; 12:27, 31; 13:13, 52; 14:2; 18:23; 21:43; 23:13 v.l.; 24:44; Mk 11:24; 12:24; Lk 11:19 al. Also διὰ ταῦτα (Epict.) Eph 5:6. διὰ τοῦτο ὅτι for this reason, (namely) that J 5:16, 18; 8:47; 10:17; 12:18, 39; 15:19; 1J 3:1. διὰ τοῦτο ἵνα for this reason, (in order) that (Lucian, Abdic. 1) J 1:31; 2 Cor 13:10; 1 Ti 1:16; Phlm 15. Also διὰ τοῦτο ὅπως Hb 9:15.ⓒ διά foll. by inf. or acc. w. inf., representing a causal clause, because (Gen 39:9; Dt 1:36; 1 Macc 6:53; GrBar 8:4; Demetr.: 722 fgm 1:1 al.) διὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν βάθος because it had no depth Mt 13:5f; Mk 4:5f (διὰ τὸ μή w. inf.: X., Mem. 1, 3, 5; Hero Alex. I 348, 7; III 274, 19; Lucian, Hermot. 31); because lawlessness increases Mt 24:12; διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν ἐξ οἴκου Δ.. Lk 2:4; because it was built well 6:48 al. διὰ τὸ λέγεσθαι ὑπό τινων because it was said by some Lk 9:7 (for the constr. cp. Herodian 7, 12, 7 διὰ τὸ τὰς ἐξόδους ὑπὸ τ. πυρὸς προκατειλῆφθαι=because the exit-routes were blocked by the fire).ⓓ instead of διά w. gen. to denote the efficient cause we may have διά, byα. w. acc. of thing (schol. on Pind., N. 4, 79a; 2 Macc 12:11; EpArist 77) διὰ τὸ αἷμα by the blood Rv 12:11. διὰ τὰ σημεῖα by the miracles 13:14.β. w. acc. of pers. and freq. as expr. of favorable divine action (Aristoph., Plut. 468; Dionys. Hal. 8, 33, 3, 1579 μέγας διὰ τ. θεούς ἐγενόμην; Ael. Aristid. 24, 1 K.=44 p. 824 D.: διʼ οὓς [= θεούς] ἐσώθην; SIG 1122; OGI 458, 40; PGM 13, 579 διῳκονομήθη τ. πάντα διὰ σέ; EpArist 292; Sir 15:11; 3 Macc 6:36: other exx. in SEitrem and AFridrichsen, E. christl. Amulett auf Pap. 1921, 24). ζῶ διὰ τὸν πατέρα J 6:57 (cp. PKöln VI, 245, 16 of Isis σὺ κυρεῖς τὰ πάντα, διὰ σὲ δʼ εἰσορῶ φαός ‘you are responsible for everything and thanks to you I can see light’). διὰ τὸν ὑποτάξαντα by the one who subjected it Ro 8:20.—DELG. M-M. TW. -
11 μειλίσσω
Aμειλίξατο Id.1.650
: —make mild, soothe, treat kindly, τινα Theoc.16.28; esp. appease, propitiate: rarely c. gen., πυρὸς μειλισσέμεν (like πυρὸς χαρίζεσθαι) to appease [the dead] by fire, i.e. funeral rites, Il.7.410; of rivers, λιπαροῖς χεύμασι γαίας.. μειλίσσοντες οὖδας gladdening the soil with rich streams, A.Supp. 1029 (lyr.);ὀργὰς μ. E.Hel. 1339
(lyr.); μ. τινὰ λοιβαῖς, χύτλοις, Lyc.542, A.R.4.708.II [voice] Pass., to be soothed, grow calm, h. Cer. ; to be subdued,πυρὸς μειλίσσετ' ἀϋτμή A.R.3.531
.III [voice] Med., use soothing words, μηδέ τί μ' αἰδόμενος μειλίσσεο μηδ' ἐλεαίρων extenuate not aught from respect or pity, Od. 3.96.2 propitiate,Κύπριν ἀοιδῇσιν θυέεσσί τε A.R.1.860
;συκοφάντας ἀπομαγδαλιᾷ Philostr.VA7.23
; soften, subdue,ἔθνη.. καθάπερ ζῷα τιθασεύων καὶ μ. Plu.2.330b
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μειλίσσω
-
12 πολύπυρος
A rich in corn, epith. of fruitful lands, Il. 11.756, 15.372, Od.14.335,al., A.Supp. 555 (lyr.), AP6.258 ([place name] Adaeus), Dsc.1.127;ἄγυια Hymn.Is.2
.------------------------------------Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πολύπυρος
-
13 ἐσχάρα
ἐσχάρ-α, [dialect] Ion. [suff] ἐσχαρ-άρη [pron. full] [ᾰ], ἡ, [dialect] Ep. gen. and dat. ἐσχαρόφιν ( ἀπ' ἐσχ- Od.7.169,Aἐπ' ἐσχ- 5.59
, 19.389):—hearth, fire-place, like ἑστία, Hom. (esp. in Od.),ἡ μὲν ἐπ' ἐσχάρῃ ἧστο Od.6.52
; ἧσται ἐπ' ἐσχάρῃ ἐν πυρὸς αὐγῇ ib. 305 ; of suppliants, .3 Τρώων πυρὸς ἐσχάραι watch-fires of the camp, Il.10.418.II sacrificial hearth (hollowed out in the ground and so dist. from βωμός, structural altar, St.Byz. s.v. βωμοί, Phot.; used esp. in heroworship, Neanth.7J.), Od.14.420, S.Ant. 1016 : but freq. used generally, altar of burnt-offering,πρὸς ἐσχάραν Φοίβου A.Pers. 205
;ἐπ' ἐσχάρᾳ πυρός Id.Eu. 108
; ἡμένας ἐπ' ἐσχάραις ib. 806 ; ; at Eleusis, D.59.116, cf. Lycurg.Fr.37 ;Ἡρακλειδῶν ἐ. IG2.1658
(iv B.C.) ; so βώμιοι ἐσχάραι structured altars, E.Ph. 274 ; sometimes movable, X.Cyr.8.3.12, Callix.2, PCair.Zen.13 (iii B.C.).IV platform, stand, basis, Ph.Bel.92.13, Ath.Mech.32.10, Vitr.10.11.9.V Medic., scab, eschar on a wound caused by burning or otherwise,τὰς ἐκπτώσιας τῶν ἐ. Hp.Art.11
, cf. Pl.Com.184.4, Arist.Pr. 863a12, Dsc.1.56, Gal.10.315, etc.VI in pl., = τὰ χείλη τῶν γυναικείων αἰδοίων, Ar.Eq. 1286. -
14 πυρ'
πυρί, πῦρfire: neut dat sgπυρά, πυράwatch-fires: neut nom /voc /acc plπυρά̱, πυρήfuneral-pyre: fem nom /voc /acc dual (ionic)πυρά̱, πυρήfuneral-pyre: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric ionic aeolic)πυραί, πυρήfuneral-pyre: fem nom /voc pl (ionic)πῡρέ, πυρόςwheat: masc voc sg——————πυρί, πῦρfire: neut dat sgπυρά, πυράwatch-fires: neut nom /voc /acc plπυρά̱, πυρήfuneral-pyre: fem nom /voc /acc dual (ionic)πυρά̱, πυρήfuneral-pyre: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric ionic aeolic)πυραί, πυρήfuneral-pyre: fem nom /voc pl (ionic)πῡρέ, πυρόςwheat: masc voc sg -
15 πυρώ
πυράζωsinge: fut ind act 1st sg (attic epic ionic)πῡρῶ, πυρόςwheat: masc gen sg (doric aeolic)πυρόωburn with fire: pres subj act 1st sgπυρόωburn with fire: pres ind act 1st sg——————πυράζωsinge: fut opt act 3rd sgπῡρῷ, πυρόςwheat: masc dat sg -
16 θέρω
θέρω,A heat, make hot,θέρον αὐγαὶ ἠελίου Λιβύην A.R.4.1312
; θέρων ἕλκος,= θεραπεύων, Nic.Th. 687:—elsewh. only in [voice] Pass. [full] θέρομαι, [tense] fut. [voice] Med.θέρσομαι Od.19.507
: [tense] aor. 2 ἐθέρην (in [dialect] Ep. subj.θερέω 17.23
): poet. and later Prose, become hot or warm,νήησαν ξύλα πολλά, φόως ἔμεν ἠδὲ θέρεσθαι 19.64
, cf. 507; ἐπεί κε πυρὸς θερέω at the fire, 17.23; θέρου warm your self, Ar.Pl. 953;ὁπόταν.. τις.. ποτὲ ῥιγῶν θέρηται Pl. Phlb. 46c
;εἶδον [Ἡράκλειτον] θερόμενον πρὸς τῷ ἰπνῷ Arist.PA 645a19
: [tense] impf.ἐθέροντο Philostr.VA2.18
, Alciphr.1.23;θέρεσθαι πρὸς τὴν εἵλην Luc.Lex.2
: metaph., θέρεσθαι πυρί, of love, Call.Epigr.27, cf. APl. 4.167 (Antip. Sid.).2 of things, become warm,τὰ ψυχρὰ θέρεται Heraclit. 126
, cf. Archel. ap. Plu.2.954f; μὴ.. ἄστυ πυρὸς δηΐοιο θέρηται be burnt by fire, Il.6.331, cf. 11.667; melt,ἁ πέτρα θρυπτομένα θέρεται AP12.61
. (g[uglide]her-, cf. θερμός, Lat. formus and prob. Engl. warm.) -
17 καίω
Aἔκαιον Od.9.553
, [dialect] Att. ἔκᾱον, [dialect] Ep.καῖον Il. 21.343
: [tense] fut.καύσω X.Cyr.5.4.21
, ([etym.] ἐπι-) Pl.Com.186.4, ([etym.] κατα-) Ar. Lys. 1218; also : [tense] aor. 1 , Th. 7.80 (bis), Pl.Grg. 456b, etc.; [dialect] Ep. ἔκηα (certain [voice] Act. and [voice] Med. forms have κει- in codd. of Hom., v. infr.),ἔκηα Il.1.40
, al.; [ per.] 3sg. ἔκηε ([etym.] ν) 22.170, 24.34, al.; unaugm.κῆεν 21.349
; [ per.] 3pl. ἔκηαν (v.l. ἔκειαν) Od.22.336; imper.κεῖον 21.176
codd.; [ per.] 1pl. subj.κείομεν Il.7.333
([pref] κατα-), 377, 396 (better attested than κήομεν); opt. κήαι, κήαιεν, 21.336, 24.38; inf.κῆαι Od.15.97
(v.l. κεῖαι), κατα-κῆαι 10.533
, 11.46, κακκῆαι ib.74 (v.l. κακκεῖαι); part.κείαντες 9.231
, 13.26, [dialect] Att. , S.El. 757, ([etym.] ἐκ-) E.Rh.97, (lyr.),ἐγκέαντι IG12.374.96
,261: [tense] pf. κέκαυκα ([etym.] κατα-, προς-) X.HG6.5.37, Alex.124.3:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor. 1 ἐκαυσάμην ([etym.] ἀν-) Hdt.1.202, 8.19; [dialect] Ep. κείαντο, κειάμενοι, Il.9.88, 234;κειάμενος Od.16.2
, 23.51:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.καυθήσομαι Hp.Nat.Mul. 107
, ([etym.] κατα-, ἐκ-) Ar.Nu. 1505, Pl.R. 362a; lateκᾰήσομαι 1 Ep.Cor.3.15
: [tense] aor. 1ἐκαύθην Hp.Epid.4.4
, Int. 28, ([etym.] κατ-) Hdt.1.19, Th.3.74; [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion.[tense] aor. 2 ἐκάην [pron. full] [ᾰ] Il.9.212 ([etym.] κατ-), Od.12.13, ([etym.] δί-) Hp.Loc.Hom.40, ([etym.] κατ-) Hdt.2.180; inf.καήμεναι Il.
<*>3.210,καῆναι Parth.9.8
: [tense] pf. , Th.4.34, etc.,κέκαυσμαι Hp.Int.28
; inf. . (From κᾰϝ-yw.)I kindle,πυρὰ πολλά Il.9.77
;πῦρ κείαντες Od.9.231
;πῦρ κῆαι 15.97
, etc.:—[voice] Med., πῦρ κείαντο they lighted them a fire, Il.9.88, cf. 234, Od.16.2:—[voice] Pass., to be lighted, burn,πυραὶ νεκύων καίοντο Il.1.52
;θεείου καιομένοιο 8.135
;καιομένοιο πυρός 19.376
, cf. Hdt.1.86, Ar.V. 1372, etc.;φῶς πυρὸς καόμενον Pl.R. 514b
; αἱ φλόγες αἱ καιόμεναι.. περὶ τὸν οὐρανόν the meteors which blaze, Arist.Mete. 341b2; of ore, to be smelted, Id.HA 552b10.II set on fire, burn, μηρία, ὀστέα, Od.9.553, Hes.Th. 557;νεκρούς Il.21.343
; δένδρεα ib. 338:—[voice] Pass.,νηυσὶν καιομένῃσιν 9.602
.2 make hot, of the sun,ἀνθρώπους Hdt.3.104
: abs., ibid., Pl.Cra. 413b; [ Χείμαρρος] smelted,AP
9.277 (Antiphil.).3 of extreme cold,ἡ Χιὼν καίει τῶν κυνῶν τὰς ῥῖνας X.Cyn.8.2
, cf. 6.26 ([voice] Pass.);κάειν λέγεται.. τὸ ψυχρόν, οὐχ ὡς τὸ θερμόν Arist.Mete. 382b8
.4 [voice] Pass., of fever-heat,τὰ ἐντὸς ἐκάετο Th.2.49
: metaph., of passion, esp. of love, to be on fire,ἐν φρασὶ καιομένα Pi.P.4.219
;κάομαι τὴν καρδίαν Ar.Lys.9
;ἔρως.. ὕβρει καόμενος Pl.Lg. 783a
; καίεσθαί τινος (sc. ἔρωτι) Hermesian.7.37, Charito 4.6, cf. Parth.14.2; also καομένη Ἑλλάς Greece being in a fever of excitement, Lys.33.7.III burn and destroy (in war), τέμνειν καὶ κ., κ. καὶ πορθεῖν, waste with fire and sword, X.HG4.2.15, 6.5.27.IV of surgeons, cauterize,ὤμους Hp.Art.11
:—in [voice] Pass., Id.Aph.6.60: abs., τέμνειν καὶ κάειν to use knife and cautery, Pl.Grg. 480c, 521e, X.An.5.8.18, etc.: rarely reversed,κέαντες ἢ τεμόντες A.Ag. 849
. -
18 πίμπρημι
A , 974; part. nom. pl.πιμπράντες Th.6.94
; inf. , E.Tr.81, (ἐμ-) Plb.11.5.6, etc.: [tense] impf.ἐν-επίμπρην Th.6.94
; [ per.] 3pl.ἐνεπίμπρασαν X.HG6.5.32
:—other tenses formed from πρήθω (q. v.): [tense] fut. , (ἐμ-) Il.9.242, etc.: [tense] aor.ἔπρησα 2.415
, E.Andr. 390, etc.; [ per.] 3sg. shortd. : [tense] pf. πέπρηκα (ὑπο-, ἐμ-, κατα-) Hp.Ep.17, Alciphr.1.32, D.C.59.16:—[voice] Med., Nic.Al. 345: [tense] aor. ἐπρησάμην (ἐν-) Q.S.5.485:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.πρησθήσομαι LXXNu.5.27
; πεπρήσομαι (v.l. πρήσομαι (ἐμ- )) Hdt.6.9: [tense] aor.ἐπρήσθην Hp.Nat.Mul.10
, Amphis 30.10 (dub.), (ἐν-) Hdt.8.55, Pl.Grg. 469e: [tense] pf. ([etym.] ἐμ-)πέπρησμαι Hdt.8.144
, Paus.2.5.5; but πέπρημαι is the [dialect] Att. form acc. to Phot. s.v. σέσωται, and ἐμ-πέπρημαι is found in Ar.V.36 cod. Rav.; imper.πέπρησο Pherecr.80
.—Collat. [tense] pres. [full] ἐμ-πιπράω (v. ἐμπίμπρημι).—In the compd. ἐμπίμπρημι (q. v.; more freq. in Prose) the second μ is sts. dropped, as ἐμπίπρημι; but returns with the augm., as ἐνεπίμπρασαν; cf. πίμπλημι :—burn, burn up,γῆν.. πυρὶ πρῆσαι κατάκρας S.Ant. 201
, cf.E.Tr.81;πρῆσαι δὲ πυρὸς.. θύρετρα Il.2.415
, cf.9.242 (v.l.); without πυρί or πυρός, Hes.Th. 856;πρήσω πόλιν A.Th. 434
, cf. Pers. 810; , etc.:—[voice] Pass., πίμπραμαι to be burnt, Ar.Lys. 341; πέπρησο burn with fever, Pherecr. 80, cf. SIG1180.10 ([place name] Cnidus); of wounds, to be inflamed, Nic.Th. 306 (but intr. in [voice] Act.πίμπρησι δὲ χείλη Id.Al. 438
): metaph.,ἐπί τινι πίμπρασθαι Luc.Jud.Voc.8
;ἐπὶ Ῥωμαίοις App.Ital.3
.II=πρήθω 1.1
, blow up, distend, in [voice] Pass., Hp.Nat.Mul.10, Flat.8, Nic.Al. 477, Act.Ap.28.6 (v.l.);ἐπέπρητο ὅλα IG42(1).122.123
(Epid.):—[voice] Act., Arist.HA 522b28, Dsc.4.32. (Cf. Russ. prèt' 'sweat', 'stew'.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πίμπρημι
-
19 σβεστήριος
A serving to quench or put out, κωλύματα [πυρὸς] ς. Th.7.53: as Subst.,σβεστήρια τοῦ πυρός D.H.3.56
, cf. Plu.Cam.34, etc.: metaph.,σ. κακοῦ φάρμακον Heraclit.All.20
; σ. ἰάματα (for a fever) Orib.Eup. 3.6.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σβεστήριος
-
20 σῖτος
σῖτος, ὁ, heterocl. pl. σῖτα, τά, Xenoph.2.8, Hdt.4.128, 5.34 (neut. sg. σῖτον only Delph.3(5).3 ii 19 (iv B.C.)):—A grain, comprehending both wheat ([etym.] πυρός ) and barley ([etym.] κριθή), ἐν [Ἰθάκῃ] σ. ἀθέσφατος ἐν δέ τε οἶνος γίγνεται Od.13.244
; περὶ σίτου ἐκβολήν about the shooting of the corn into ear, Th.4.1; τοῦ σ. ἀκμάζοντος at its ripening, Id.2.19;πρὶν τὸν σ. ἐν ἀκμῇ εἶναι Id.4.2
;τὸν νέον σ. σὺν τῇ καλάμῃ ἀποκείμενον X.An.5.4.27
; σ. ἀληλεσμένος or - εμένος ground corn, Hdt.7.23, Th.4.26;σ. ἀπηλοημένος D.42.6
;σῖτον ἐσαγαγεῖν Th.2.6
, etc.;σ. ἐπείσακτος D.18.87
; σίτου εἰσαγωγή, ἐξαγωγή, Arist.EN 1133b9, IG12.57.35;συγκομιδή X.HG7.5.14
;ἐγδοχεία PMich.Zen.23
(iii B.C.); comprehending πυρός, κριθή, ὄλυρα, and φακός, PTeb.66.41 (ii B.C.);περὶ τοῦ σ. καὶ τοῦ σησάμου PMich.Zen.43.3
(iii B.C.); ὁ σ. καὶ τὰ λάχανα as examples of πόα, Thphr.HP1.3.1.2 food made from grain, bread, opp. flesh-meat,σ. καὶ κρέα Od.9.9
, 12.19, cf. Hdt.2.168; σῖτον ἔδοντες, a general epith. of men as opp. to beasts, ὅσσοι νῦν βροτοί εἰσιν ἐπὶ χθονὶ σ. ἔδ. Od.8.222, cf. 9.89; of savages, who eat flesh only,οὐδέ τι σῖτον ἤσθιον Hes.Op. 146
; of civilized men,σῖτον καὶ σπείρουσι καὶ σιτέονται Hdt.4.17
;σωρὸν σίτου κεχυμένον Id.1.22
;ἐσθίειν ἐπὶ τῷ σ. ὄψον X.Mem.3.14.2
; κάρδαμον ἔχειν ἐπὶ τῷ ς. Id.Cyr.1.2.11; πίνειν ὕδωρ ἐπὶ τῷ ς. ib.6.2.27, cf. Plu. Them.29, with Id.2.328f.3 in a wider sense, food, as opp. to drink,σ. ἠδὲ ποτής Od.9.87
, cf. Il.19.306;σ. καὶ οἶνος Od.3.479
, Il.9.706;σ. καὶ μέθυ Od.4.746
, etc.; even of porridge ([etym.] κυκεών), 10.235;σῖτα καὶ ποτά Hdt.5.34
, X.An.2.3.27;σ. ποιεῖν καὶ οἶνον Pl.R. 372a
;ἄκμηνος σίτοιο Il.19.163
, cf. A.Fr. 182; εὐνὴ καὶ ς. Od. 20.130, cf. Il.24.129;ὕπνον καὶ σ. αἱρεῖσθαι Th.2.75
; provisions,σῖτα ἀναιρέεσθαι Hdt.4.128
;παρέχειν σῖτα καὶ νέας Id.7.21
; παρέχειν μέχρι τριάκοντα ἡμερῶν ς. Foed. ap. Th.5.47.4 rarely of beasts, fodder, Hes.Op. 604, E.HF 383 (lyr.), X.Eq.4.1.—In the general sense of food, Prose writers prefer the dim. form σιτία, τά.II in [dialect] Att. Law, allowance of grain made to widows and orphans. σῖτον διδόναι, ἀποδιδόναι, D.27.15, 28.11, Arist.Ath.56.7.2 δίκην σίτου δικάσασθαι, bring an action under the Athen. Corn-law against regraters and monopolists, Is.3.9, cf. D.59.52.4 public distribution of corn in Rome, Lat. frumentatio,τὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ σίτου ὄντα ἐν Ῥώμῃ Arr.Epict.1.10.2
.
См. также в других словарях:
πυρός — (I) και σπυρός, ὁ, Α 1. το σιτάρι, ο σίτος 2. κόκκος σιταριού 3. φρ. «πυρὸς ἄγριος» το φυτό χελιδόνιο. [ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Αρχαϊκή ονομασία τού σιταριού, η οποία ανάγεται στην ΙΕ ρίζα *pūro «κόκκος, σιτηρά» και συνδέεται με τ. άλλων γλωσσών, που δηλώνουν… … Dictionary of Greek
πυρός — πῦρ fire neut gen sg πῡρός , πυρός wheat masc nom sg … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
Γη του Πυρός — (ισπαν. Tierra del Fuego, Onasin στη διάλεκτο των ντόπιων ιθαγενών ‘Oνας). Αρχιπέλαγος (73.753 τ. χλμ.) της Νότιας Αμερικής, μεταξύ του Ειρηνικού ωκεανού στα Δ και του Ατλαντικού στα Α, το οποίο χωρίζεται από την ηπειρωτική ξηρά από το Στενό του… … Dictionary of Greek
Κᾶν με χρῆ, διὰ τοῦ πυρὸς Ἐθέλω βαδίζειν. — См. Сквозь огонь и воду … Большой толково-фразеологический словарь Михельсона (оригинальная орфография)
Αργεντινή — Κράτος της Νότιας Αμερικής.Συνορεύει ΒΑ με την Ουρουγουάη και τη Βραζιλία, Β με την Παραγουάη, ΒΔ με τη Βολιβία, Δ και ΝΔ με τη Χιλή, ενώ μια χιλιανή στενή λωρίδα γης τη χωρίζει από το έδαφος της Γης του Πυρός. Ανατολικά βρέχεται από τον… … Dictionary of Greek
πυρ — Bλ. λ. φωτιά. * * * το / πῡρ, πληθ. πυρά, ΝΜΑ, και πύυρ και ποιητ. τ. πύϊρ Α 1. ταυτόχρονη παραγωγή θερμότητας και φλόγας, η οποία προέρχεται από την καύση ορισμένων σωμάτων, φωτιά 2. φρ. «Πυρ άγιον» το άσβεστο πυρ στο θυσιαστήριο τών… … Dictionary of Greek
огньныи — (238) пр. 1.Огненный, горящий огнем, пылающий: си рѣкѧ всѧ смольна. а вълны ѥ˫а всѧ огньны. СбТр XII/XIII, 34 об.; тъ въвьрженъ бѹдеть въ пещь ѡгньнѹ. ПрЛ 1282, 96а; внезапѹ же вѣтръ припадъ. огньныи пламень. на чюж(д)ю нивѹ… принесе. (τὴν τοῦ… … Словарь древнерусского языка (XI-XIV вв.)
Λιβερία — Κράτος της δυτικής Αφρικής. Συνορεύει στα Β με τη Σιέρα Λεόνε και τη Γουινέα, στα Α με την Ακτή του Ελεφαντοστού, ενώ στα Ν και στα Δ βρέχεται από τον Ατλαντικό ωκεανό.Η Λ. είναι ένα τεχνητό κράτος στη δυτική Αφρική, που δημιουργήθηκε τον 19ο αι … Dictionary of Greek
χιλή — Επίσημη ονομασία: Δημοκρατία της Χιλής Συντομευμένη Ονομασία: Χιλή Εκταση: 756.950 τ.χλμ. Πληθυσμός: 15.498.930 (Ιούλιος 2002) Πρωτεύουσα: ΣαντιάγοΚράτος της Νότιας Αμερικής. Συνορεύει στα Β και ΒΑ με το Περού και τη Βολιβία αντίστοιχα και στα Α… … Dictionary of Greek
Αμερική — I (America) Μία από τις πέντε ηπείρους του πλανήτη μας· γεωγραφικά χωρίζεται σε τρία τμήματα, τη Βόρεια Α., την Κεντρική Α. (μαζί με τα νησιά της Καραϊβικής θάλασσας) και τη Νότια ή Λατινική Α. Πολιτικά, τα τελευταία χρόνια έχει επικρατήσει η… … Dictionary of Greek
ολιγόπυρος — (I) ὀλιγόπυρος, ον (Α) αυτός που έχει λίγους κόκκους σίτου («στάχυς μικρὸς καὶ ὀλιγόπυρος», Θεόφρ.) [ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. < ὀλιγ(ο) (βλ. λ. λιγο ) + πυρός «σιτάρι» (πρβλ. πολύ πυρος)]. (II) ὀλιγόπυρος, ον (Μ) αυτός που έχει λίγη φωτιά. [ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. <… … Dictionary of Greek