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1 γεωργία
γεωργ-ία, ἡ,A tillage,τῆς Χερσονήσου Th.1.11
, etc.; agriculture, farming, Pl.Smp. 187a, etc.; γ. ψιλή tillage of arable land and pasture, opp. πεφυτευμένη, of vineyards and orchards, Arist.Pol. 1258b17.2 in pl., farms, tilled land, , cf. Pl. Lg. 806d, Luc.Prom.14, etc.; rarely in sg., D.30.30.II metaph., source of income, Lib.Or.39.12.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > γεωργία
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2 γυμναστικός
A fond of athletic exercises, skilled in them, Hp.Aph.1.3;γ. ἢ ἰατρός Pl. Prt. 313d
: [comp] Comp., Philostr.Gym.35: [comp] Sup., ib.11; of the gymnastic master (opp. παιδοτρίβης, q.v.), Arist.Pol. 1288b18;γ. [θεραπεία] Pl. Grg. 464b
: ἡ-κή (with or without τέχνη),gymnastics, Id.Smp. 187a, etc. Adv. .Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > γυμναστικός
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3 δοξάζω
A think, imagine, c. acc. et inf., A.Ag. 673, E.Supp. 1043, etc.; c. dupl. acc., πῶς ταῦτ' ἀληθῆ.. δοξάσω; how can I suppose this to be true? A.Ch. 844;δ. βελτίους ἑαυτούς Pl.Phlb. 48e
;τὰ εὔχρηστα τῶν ζῴων θεοὺς ἐδόξασαν D.L.1.11
; also abs.,μετ' ἀσφαλείας δ. Th.1.120
; δοξάζων μὲν οὔ not expecting it, S.Ph. 545:—[voice] Pass., δ. εἶναι to be supposed to be, Pl.Ti. 46d, al.; ὅση δοξάζεται (sc. εἶναι) Id.Phd. 108c;δ. κακοί Id.Lg. 646e
;δ. δίκαιος Id.R. 588b
;τὰ δοξαζόμενα Id.Plt. 278b
.2 c. part., δοξάσει τις ἀκούων will suppose that he hears, A.Supp.60 (lyr.).3 c. acc. cogn., δόξας δ. entertain opinions, Pl. Cri. 46d; δ. ψευδῆ hold false opinions, Id.Tht. 189c; ψευδῶς δοξαζόμενα Polystr.p.26W.4 abs., form or hold an opinion, Pl.Tht. 187a, al.;περί τινος Id.Grg. 461b
;κακῶς δ. Id.R. 327c
;παρὰ τὰ ὄντα Id.Phdr. 262b
; opp. γιγνώσκω, Id.R. 476d; opp. ἐπίσταμαι, Arist.APo. 89a7;δ. ἄνευ ἐπιστήμης Pl.Tht. 201c
.5 [voice] Pass., to be matter of opinion,ταῦτα δεδοξάσθαι Xenoph.35
, cf. Epicur.Sent.22.II magnify, extol,ἐπὶ πλέον τι αὑτὸν δ. Th.3.45
, cf. LXX Ex.15.2, al.;τὸν θεόν Ep.Rom.1.21
, al.:—[voice] Pass., to be distinguished, held in honour, magnified, Dionys.Com.2.24;δεδοξασμένος ἐπ' ἀρετῇ Plb.6.53.10
, cf. LXX Ex.15.1, al., Ev.Jo.7.39, al.;ἱερὸν δεδοξασμένον ἐξ ἀρχαίων OGI 168.56
(ii B. C.). -
4 καταισχύνω
A :—dishonour, put to shame,μή τι καταισχύνειν πατέρων γένος Od.24.508
;καταισχύνητέ τε δαῖτα 16.293
;τὰ πρόσθε ἐργασμένα Hdt.7.53
, cf. A.Supp. 996, D.18.101, etc.; τὴν σὴν οὐ κ. φύσιν I put not thy nature to shame, i.e. show myself not unworthy of thee, S.El. 609;κ. τὸ Τρωϊκὸν κλέος E.Hel. 845
;τὸ γένος οὐ καταισχυνῶ Ar.Av. 1451
;κ. τὴν πατρίδα Id.Nu. 1220
;τοὺς προγόνους Pl.La. 187a
;ὑποσχέσεις Id.Smp. 183e
;τὰς εὐγενείας ταῖς αὑτῶν.. κακίαις Isoc.7.76
, etc.3 ὁ μέλλων Χρόνος ἐμὸν καταίσχυνε.. Χρέος covered me with dishonour in that my debt remained unpaid, Pi.O.10(11).8.4 = καταχέζειν, Χαίτην Babr. 82.8.II [voice] Med., feel shame before, , cf. OT 1424: —[tense] aor. [voice] Pass.,καταισχυνθέντες τὴν ἀρετὴν αὐτῶν Isoc.4.97
: c. inf., to be ashamed to..,ἰητρεύειν Hp.Art.42
; καταισχυνθῆναι.. ὅπως μὴ δόξει.. to be ashamed of being thought.., Th.6.13.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταισχύνω
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5 κυβερνάω
A steer,νῆα κυβερνῆσαι Od.3.283
, cf. Pi.O.12.3 ([voice] Pass.), Pl.Plt. 298e, etc.: abs., act as helmsman,αὐτὸς ἑαυτῷ Ar.Eq. 544
.3 metaph., guide, govern, Pi.P.5.122, Antipho 1.13, Pl.Euthd. 291d, etc.;τὴν δίκην ὀρθῇ γνώμῃ κυβερνᾶτε Herod.2.100
.4 act as pilot, i.e. perform certain rites, in the Ship of Isis, IGRom.1.817 ([place name] Callipolis).II [voice] Med., = [voice] Act.,κυβερνωμένης τῆς διανοίας Arist.Pr. 964b17
;ὁ κυβερνώμενος μουσικῇ Marcellin.Vit. Thuc.49
:—[voice] Pass.,σῇ κυβερνῶμαι χερί S.Aj.35
;μιᾷ γνώμῃ τῇ Κύρου ἐκυβερνᾶτο X.Cyr.8.8.1
;ἡ ἰατρικὴ.. διὰ τοῦ θεοῦ τούτου κυβερνᾶται Pl.Smp. 187a
, cf. R. 590d, Antiph.40.8, etc.; cf. κυμερῆναι.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κυβερνάω
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6 κυνικός
A dog-like, X.Cyr.5.2.17 (v.l. for ὑϊκόν); τὸ κ. καὶ θηριῶδες τῶν ὀρέξεων Plu.2.133b
; κ. σπασμός unilateral facial paralysis, Cels.4.3.1, Gal.18(2).930; κ. καύματα heat of the dogdays, Polyaen.2.30.3: metaph., ὁ ἄνθρωπος κ. currish, churlish, LXX 1 Ki.25.3. Adv. -κῶς, σπώμενοι Heliod.
ap. Orib.48.38 tit.; in doglanguage, opp. βοϊκῶς, etc., Porph.Abst.3.3.II Κυνικός, ὁ, Cynic, as the followers of the philosopher Antisthenes were called, from the gymnasium ([etym.] Κυνόσαργες) where he taught, D.L.6.13; or from their resemblance to dogs in several respects, Diog.Cyn. ap. eund.6.60, Metrod.16, Polystr.p.20 W., Elias in Cat.111.2, etc.;Κράτητι τῷ κ. Men.117
; κ. αἵρεσις, ἄσκησις, φιλοσοφία, Ph.1.352, J.AJ6.13.6, Jul.Or.6.187a;παρρησία κ. Plu.2.69c
;τὸ κ. τῆς παρρησίας Id.Brut. 34
. Adv. [comp] Comp. - ώτερον Id.2.601e.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κυνικός
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7 μέν
μέν, Particle, used partly to express certainty on the part of the speaker or writer; partly, and more commonly, to point out that the word or clause with which it stands is correlative to another word or clause that is to follow, the latter word or clause being introduced by δέ.AI μέν used absolutely to express certainty, not followed by correlative δέ, indeed, of a truth, synonymous with μήν, as appears from the [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. form ἦ μέν in protestations and oaths (where [dialect] Att. used ἦ μήν), καί μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μ. μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν Il.1.77
, cf. 14.275;ἦ μέν τοι τάδε πάντα τελείεται Od.14.160
, cf. Il.24.416;τοῦτον ἐξορκοῖ, ἦ μέν οἱ διηκονήσειν Hdt.4.154
, cf. 5.93, etc.: with neg.,οὐ μὲν γάρ τι κακὸν βασιλευέμεν Od.1.392
, etc.;ὤμοσα, μὴ μὲν.. ἀναφῆναι 4.254
, cf. Hdt.2.118, 179;ἔξαρνος ἦν, μὴ μὲν ἀποκτεῖναι Id.3.67
, cf. 99: without neg., : also in Trag., , cf. 159 (anap.), OC44, E.Med. 676, 1129, etc.;καὶ μέν Il.1.269
, 9.632, etc.; οὐδὲ μὲν οὐδὲ .. 2.703, 12.212; γε μέν, cf. γε 1.5.2 an answering clause with δέ is sts. implied, τὴν μὲν ἐγὼ σπουδῇ δάμνημ' ἐπέεσσι her can I hardly subdue, [ but all others easily], Il.5.893; ὡς μὲν λέγουσι as indeed they say, [ but as I believe not], E.Or. 8; καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἦν αὐτῷ πόλεμος (with no ἔπειτα δέ to follow), X. An.1.9.14; so νῦν μέν σ' ἀφήσω I will let you go this time, Herod.5.81: to give force to assertions made by a person respecting himself, wherein opposition to other persons is implied,ὡς μὲν ἐμῷ θυμῷ δοκεῖ Od. 13.154
; δοκεῖν μέν μοι ἥξει τήμερον [τὸ πλοῖον] Pl.Cri. 43d: hence with the pers. Pron.,ἐγὼ μέν νυν θεοῖσι ἔχω χάριν Hdt.1.71
; ἐγὼ μὲν οὐδέν (sc. θέλω) S.Ant. 498;ἐμοῦ μὲν οὐχ ἑκόντος Id.Aj. 455
;ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ οἶδα X.Cyr.1.4.12
, cf. 4.2.45, etc.: with the demonstr. Pron., : generally, to emphasize the preceding word, πολλὴ μὲν ἡ μεταβολή μοι γέγονεν great indeed has been the change, Is.1.1, cf. Simon.5.1, etc.3 μέν is used alone in questions, when the answer is assumed, I take it, θέμις μὲν ἡμᾶς χρησμὸν εἰδέναι θεοῦ; E.Med. 676, cf. Ion 520 (troch.), Hipp. 316, S.Ant. 634, Ar.Av. 1214; Ἕλλην μέν ἐστι καὶ Ἑλληνίζει; Pl.Men. 82b.II μέν folld. by δέ in the correlative clause or clauses, on the one hand, on the other hand; commonly in Classical Gr., less freq. in later Gr. (rare in NT):1 μέν.., δέ .. (or when the correlative clause is neg., μέν.., οὐδέ .., Il.1.318, 536), to mark opposition, Hom., etc.—The opposed clauses commonly stand together, but are freq. separated by clauses, parenthetic or explanatory; e.g. μέν in Il.2.494 is answered by δέ in 511, 527 sq.; in X.An.1.9.2, πρῶτον μέν is answered by ἐπεὶ δέ in <*> 6; in Id.Mem.1.1.2, πρῶτον μέν is answered by θαυμαστὸν δέ in 1.2.1.2 to connect a series of clauses containing different matter, though with no opposition, Il.1.18sq., 306 sq. (five δέ-clauses), 433 sq. (eight δέ-clauses), cf. X.An. 1.3.14,7.10sq.: freq. when the members of a group or class are distinctly specified, παῖδες δύο, πρεσβύτερος μὲν Ἀρταξέρξης, νεώτερος δὲ Κῦρος ib.1.1.1; τάφρος.., τὸ μὲν εὖρος ὀργυιαὶ πέντε, τὸ δὲ βάθος ὀργυιαὶ τρεῖς ib.1.7.14; πρῶτος μέν.., δεύτερος δέ.., τρίτος δέ .. ib.5.6.9; τότε μέν.., τότε δέ .., at one time.., at another.., ib.6.1.9, etc.: esp. with the Art. used as a Pron., ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ.. ; τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ .., etc.3 the principal word is freq. repeated,οἳ περὶ μὲν βουλὴν Δαναῶν, περὶ δ' ἐστὲ μάχεσθαι Il.1.258
, cf. 288, Od.15.70;ἔνι μὲν φιλότης, ἐν δ' ἵμερος, ἐν δ' ὀαριστύς Il.14.216
;Ξέρξης μὲν ἄγαγεν.., Ξέρξης δ' ἀπώλεσεν A.Pers. 550
, cf. 560, 694, 700 (all lyr.);χαλεπαίνει μὲν πρῳρεύς, χαλεπαίνει δὲ κυβερνήτης X.An.5.8.20
.4 one of the correlative clauses is sts. independent, while the other takes the part. or some other dependent form, ἐβλασφήμει κατ' ἐμοῦ.., μάρτυρα μὲν.. οὐδένα παρασχόμενος.., παρεκελεύετο δέ .. D.57.11;οἱ ἀμφὶ βασιλέα, πεζοὶ μὲν οὐκέτι, τῶν δὲ ἱππέων ὁ λόφος ἐνεπλήσθη X.An.1.10.12
, cf. 2.1.7, 5.6.29; , cf. OC 522 (bothlyr.);χωρὶς μὲν τοῦ ἐστερῆσθαι.., ἔτι δὲ καὶ.. δόξω ἀμελῆσαι Pl.Cri.44
b.5 μέν and δέ freq. oppose two clauses, whereof one is subordinate to the other in meaning or emphasis, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνο θαυμάζω, εἰ Λακεδαιμονίοις μέν ποτε.. ἀντήρατε,.. νυνὶ δὲ ὀκνεῖτ' ἐξιέναι (for εἰ.. ἀντάραντες νυνὶ ὀκνεῖτε) D.2.24, cf. E.IT 116, Lys.34.11, X.Mem.2.7.11, etc.: so in an anacoluthon, τρία μὲν ὄντα.. ναυτικά.., τούτων δ' εἰ περιόψεσθε τὰ δύο, κτλ., Th.1.36.6 μέν is not always answered by δέ, but freq. by other equiv. Particles, as ἀλλά, Il.1.22 sq., 2.703 sq., Pi.O.9.1, A.Pers. 176, X.An.1.7.17:—by μέντοι, Hdt.1.36, S.Ph. 350, D.21.189, etc.:—by ἀτάρ, Il.6.84, 124, A.Pr. 342, S.OT 1051sq., Pl. Tht. 172c, etc. (so μέν.., αὐτάρ in [dialect] Ep., Il.1.50, Od.19.513, etc.):— by αὖ, Il.11.108, Od.4.210:—by αὖθις, S.Ant. 165:—by αὖτε, Il.1.234, Od.22.5:—by temporal Particles, πρῶτα μέν.., εἶτα .. S.El. 261; πρῶτον μέν.., μετὰ τοῦτο .. X.An.6.1.5-7; μάλιστα μὲν δὴ.., ἔπειτα μέντοι .. S.Ph. 350, cf. OT 647:—rarely by μήν with neg.,οὐδὲν μὴν κωλύει Pl.Phdr. 268e
;οὐ μὴν αὐταί γε Id.Phlb. 12d
.b when the opposition is emphatic, δέ is sts. strengthd., as ὅμως δέ .. S.OT 785, Ph. 473, 1074, etc. (so ); δ' αὖ .. Il.4.415, X.An.1.10.5; δ' ἔμπης .. Il.1.561-2.c μέν is sts. answered by a copul. Particle, κάρτιστοι μὲν ἔσαν καὶ καρτίστοις ἐμάχοντο ib. 267, cf. 459, Od. 22.475, S.Aj.1, Tr. 689, E.Med. 125 (anap.), etc.: rarely in Prose,τρία μὲν ἔτη ἀντεῖχον.., καὶ οὐ πρότερον ἐνέδοσαν Th.2.65
(dub.).B μέν before other Particles:I where each Particle retains its force,2μὲν γάρ S.OT62
, Th.1.142, etc.:— in Hom. there is freq. no second clause, Od.1.173, 392, cf. S.OT 1062, etc.;μὲν γὰρ δή Il.11.825
;μὲν γάρ τε 17.727
.3 μέν γε, when a general statement is explained in detail,Κορινθίοις μέν γε ἔνσπονδοί ἐστε Th.1.40
, cf. 70, 6.86, Hdt.6.46, Antipho 5.14, Lys. 13.27, Is.4.8, Ar.Nu. 1382, V. 564, E.Fr.909.4.4μὲν δή Il.1.514
, Hdt.1.32, etc.: freq. used to express positive certainty,ἀλλ' οἶσθα μὲν δή S. Tr. 627
, cf. OT 294;τὰ μὲν δὴ τόξ' ἔχεις Id.Ph. 1308
; esp. as a conclusion,τοῦτο μὲν δὴ.. ὁμολογεῖται Pl.Grg. 470b
, cf. X.Cyr.1.1.6, etc.: in closing a statement,τοιαῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα A.Pr. 500
, etc.: used in answers to convey full assent, ἦ μὲν δή (cf. supr. A) Il.9.348, Od.4.33;καὶ μὲν δή.. γε Pl.R. 409b
; οὐ μὲν δή, to deny positively, Il.8.238, X.Cyr.1.6.9, Pl.Tht. 148e, etc.;οὐ μὲν δή.. γε X.An.2.2.3
, 3.2.14; ἀλλ' οὔ τι μὲν δή .. Pl.Tht. 187a.5 μὲν οὖν, v. infr.11.2.II where the Particles combine so as to form a new sense,1 μέν γε at all events, at any rate (not in Trag.),τοῦτο μέν γ' ἤδη σαφές Ar.Ach. 154
, cf. Nu. 1172, Lys. 1165, Ra.80, Th.3.39;μέν γέ που Pl.R. 559b
, Tht. 147a.2 μὲν οὖν is freq. used with a corresponding δέ, so that each Particle retains its force, Od.4.780, Pi.O.1.111, S.OT 244, 843; Ph. 359, D.2.5, etc.: but freq. also abs., so then, S.Ant.65;ταῦτα μὲν οὖν παραλείψω D.2.3
; esp. in replies, sts. in strong affirmation,παντάπασι μὲν οὖν Pl.Tht. 158d
; κομιδῇ μὲν οὖν ib. 159e; πάνυ μὲν οὖν ib. 159b; ἀνάγκη μὲν οὖν ib. 189e; also to substitute a new statement so as to correct a preceding statement, nay rather, κακοδαίμων; Answ. βαρυδαίμων μὲν οὖν! Ar.Ec. 1102; μου πρὸς τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀποψῶ wipe your nose on my head: Answ. ἐμοῦ μὲν οὖν .. nay on mine, Id.Eq. 911, cf. A.Pers. 1032 (lyr.), Ag. 1090 (lyr.), 1396, S.Aj. 1363, El. 1503, OT 705, Ar.Ra. 241, Pl.Cri. 44b, Grg. 466a, 470b, Prt. 309d, etc.; alsoμὲν οὖν δή S.Tr. 153
;καὶ δὴ μὲν οὖν Id.OC31
; cf. οὐμενοῦν: in NT μενοῦν and μενοῦνγε, to begin a sentence, yea rather, Ev.Luc.11.28, Ep.Rom.9.20, etc., cf. Phryn.322, Hsch.—In [dialect] Ion., μέν νυν is used for μὲν οὖν, Hdt.1.18, 4.145, etc.3 by μέν τε, if δέ τε follows, the two clauses are more closely combined than by τε.., τε .., Il.5.139, al.; μέν τε is freq. answered by δέ alone, 16.28, al.; by ἀλλά, αὐτάρ, 17.727, Od.1.215, al.; perh. by ἠδέ, Il.4.341:— Hom. also uses μέν τε abs., when τε loses its force, as after ἦ, τίς, etc., Il.2.145, al.4 μέν τοι in Hom. always occurs in speeches, where τοι can be regarded as the dat. of the Pron.: later, μέντοι is written as a single word, and is used:a with a conj. force, yet, nevertheless, A.Pr. 320, 1054 (anap.), S.Tr. 413, etc.; and sts. stands for δέ, answering to μέν, v. supr. A.11.6 a.b as an Adv., in strong protestations, οὐ μέντοι μὰ Δία .. D.4.49; in eager or positive assent, of course, φαμέν τι εἶναι .. ; Answ.φαμὲν μέντοι νὴ Δία Pl.Phd. 65d
, al.: with a neg. to give emphasis to a question, οὐ σὺ μέντοι .. ; why, are you not.. ? Id.Prt. 309a, cf. Phdr. 229b, R. 339b, etc.: sts. to express impatience, ὄμνυμι γάρ σοι—τίνα μέντοι, τίνα θεῶν; Id.Phdr. 236d; τί μ. πρῶτον ἦν, τί πρῶτον ἦν; nay what was the first? Ar.Nu. 787;οὗτος, σὲ λέγω μ. Id.Ra. 171
; σὺ μέντοι .. Luc.Alex.44: with imper., to enforce the command, τουτὶ μ. σὺ φυλάττου only take heed.., Ar. Pax 1100, cf.Av. 661, X.An.1.4.8: in answers, γελοῖον μέντἂν εἴη nay it would be absurd, Pl.Tht. 158e; summing up a long temporal clause, And.1.130.cμέντοι γε X.Cyr.5.5.24
, etc.;οὐ μ. γε Diog.Apoll.5
: in later Gr. μέντοιγε stands first in the sentence,μ. οὐ θέλω PLond.3.897.13
(i A.D.); also , S.OT 778, 1292, E.Hec. 600;ὅμως γε μ. Ar.Ra.61
.d καὶ μ. καί is used to add a point to be noted, Heraclit.28, Pl.R. 331d; also καί.. μ., νῦν σοι καιρός ἐστιν ἐπιδείξασθαι τὴν παιδείαν, καὶ φυλάξασθαι μέντοι .. and of course to take care.., X.An.4.6.15 (v.l.), cf. 1.8.20, Pl.Prt. 339c, Tht. 143a.e ἀλλὰ μέντοι well, if it comes to that, X.An.4.6.16; well, of course, Pl.R. 331e, etc.; cf. μέντον.D Position of μέν. Like δέ, it usu. stands as the second word in a sentence. But when a sentence begins with words common to its subordinate clauses, μέν stands second in the first of these clauses, asἥδε γὰρ γυνὴ δούλη μέν, εἴρηκεν δ' ἐλεύθερον λόγον S.Tr.63
; οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐτάξαντο μέν.., ἡσύχαζον δέ .. Th.4.73, cf. 113, etc. It also attaches itself to words which mark opposition, as πρῶτον μέν, τότε μέν, ἐγὼ μέν, even when these do not stand first: sts. however it precedes them,ὡς μὲν ἐγὼ οἶμαι Pl.Phdr. 228b
;ὡς μέν τινες ἔφασαν X.Cyr.5.2.28
. It generally stands between the Art. and Noun, or the Prep. and its Case: but if special stress is laid on the Noun, this is sts. neglected, asοἱ Τεγεᾶται μὲν ἐπηυλίσαντο, Μαντινῆς δὲ ἀπεχώρησαν Th.4.134
; ἀνὰ τὸ σκοτεινὸν μέν .. Id.3.22; alsoτῇ σῇ μὲν εὐδαιμονίῃ, τῇ ἐμεωυτοῦ δὲ κακοδαιμονίῃ Hdt. 1.87
.II μέν is freq. repeated:1 when, besides the opposition of two main clauses, a subordinate opposition is introduced into the first, ὁ μὲν ἀνὴρ τοιαῦτα μὲν πεποίηκε τοιαῦτα δὲ λέγει, ὑμῶν δέ .. X.An.1.6.9, cf. 5.8.24, Th.8.104, D.18.214, 23.208.2 in apodosi with the demonstr. Pron. or Adv., τὸν μὲν καλέουσι θέρος, τοῦτον μὲν προσκυνέουσι, τὸν δὲ χειμῶνα .. Hdt.2.121; ὅσοι μὲν δὴ νομοῦ τοῦ Θηβαίου εἰσί, οὗτοι μέν [νυν].. αἶγας θύουσι· ὅσοι δὲ.. νομοῦ τοῦ Μενδησίου εἰσί, οὗτοι δὲ.. ὄϊς θύουσι ib.42, cf.3.108, al.; ὅτε μέν με οἱ ἄρχοντες ἔταττον.., τότε μὲν ἔμενον.., τοῦ δὲ θεοῦ τάττοντος,.. ἐνταῦθα δέ .. Pl.Ap. 28e, cf. Grg. 512a.3 μέν used absolutely is freq. folld. by a correlativeμέν, εἰ μὲν οὖν ἡμεῖς μὲν.. ποιοῦμεν Id.R. 421a
.III μέν is sts. omitted (esp. in Poetry) where it is implied in the followingδέ, φεύγων, ὁ δ' ὄπισθε διώκων Il.22.157
;ἐλευθεροῦτε πατρίδ', ἐλευθεροῦτε δὲ παῖδας A. Pers. 403
;σφραγῖδε.. χρυσοῦν ἔχουσα τὸν δακτύλιον, ἡ δ' ἑτέρα ἀργυροῦν IG22.1388.45
, cf. Ar.Nu. 396, Pl.Sph. 221e, Arist.Po. 1447b14, etc. -
8 μήν
μήν [(A)], [dialect] Dor. (Epich.78, etc.), [dialect] Aeol. (Sapph.Supp.23.5, etc.), and old [dialect] Ep. [full] μάν (in Hom.always folld. by a vowel exc. Il.5.895, 765, whereas μήν is folld. by a consonant exc. in Il.19.45; original μάν has prob. been changed to μέν exc. when the metre prevented), a Particle used to strengthen asseverations,A verily, truly; a synonym of μέν but stronger, and like it always following the word which begins the clause, ὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, καὶ μ. τετελεσμένον ἔσται and so verily.., Il.23.410; ἴστε μὰν .. ye know doubtless, Pi.I.4(3).35: freq. with imper., ἄγε μ. on then, Il.1.302;ἄγρει μάν 5.765
; (lyr.); (lyr.).II after other Particles,1 ἦ μήν, now verily, full surely,ἦ μὴν καὶ πόνος ἐστίν Il.2.291
, cf. h.Ap.87, Hes. Sc. 101;ἦ μάν Il.2.370
, 13.354, Sapph.l.c., Pi.P.4.40, al. (εἶ μάν IG5
(1).1390.27 (Andania, i B.C.)): strengthd.,ἦ δὴ μάν Il.17.538
: freq. later in strong protestations or oaths, c. inf.,ὄμνυσι δ' ἦ μὴν λαπάξειν A.Th. 531
, cf. S.Tr. 1186, X.An.2.3.26: in negation, ἦ μ. μή .. Th.8.81, etc. (but alsoὀμνύω μὴ μὰν φρονησεῖν SIG527.36
(Crete, iii B.C.)): in Prose also to begin an independent clause,ὀμνύω.., ἦ μ. ἐγὼ ἐθυόμην X.An.6.1.31
;καὶ νὴ τὸν κύνα,.. ἦ μ. ἐγὼ ἔπαθόν τι τοιοῦτον Pl. Ap. 22a
.2 καὶ μήν, sts. simply to add an asseveration, v. sub init., cf. Pi.N.2.13, etc.;καὶ δὴ μάν Theoc.7.120
: freq. to introduce something new or deserving special attention,καὶ μὴν Τάνταλον εἰσεῖδον Od.11.582
, cf. 593, A.Pr. 459, Pers. 406, etc.; esp. in dramatic Poets to mark the entrance of a person on the stage, here comes.., Id.Th. 372, E.El. 339; alsoὅδε μ. Αἵμων S.Ant. 626
(anap.), etc.; of new facts, and besides, nay more,καὶ μήν.. γε A.Pr. 982
, cf. Ar. Pax 369, X.Smp.4.15, etc.; in Orators to introduce new arguments,καὶ μήν.. γε Pl.Tht. 153b
, D.21.56; to introduce a counter-argument, Ar.Nu. 1185, Pl.Grg. 452c;καὶ μὴν καί D.27.30
, etc.: also in answers, to denote approbation or assent, ἀλλ' ἢν ἐφῇς μοι.. λέξαιμ' ἂν ὀρθῶς. Answ. καὶ μ. ἐφίημι well, I allow it, S.El. 556; μὴ νῦν διάτριβ', ἀλλ' ἄνυε πράττων .. Answ.καὶ μ. βαδίζω Ar.Pl. 413
(v.l.), cf. Ra. 895, E.Hec. 317; soκαὶ μ... γε Pl.R. 426e
, etc.3 ἀλλὰ μήν, yet truly, Id.Pers.233, etc.; ;ἀλλὰ μήν.. γε Id.Ra. 258
; to allege something not disputed, Pl.Tht. 187a: rarely separated,ἀλλ' ἐστὶ μ. οἰκητός S.OC28
; ἀλλ' οὐδ' ἐγὼ μ. .. E.Hec. 401: more strongly,ὅμως μ. Pl.Plt. 297d
.5 οὐ μήν, of a truth not, Il.24.52, A.Ag. 1068, etc.: elsewh. in Hom. οὐ μάν, Il.12.318, etc.; μὴ μάν ([dialect] Att. μὴ μήν) oh do not, 8.512, 15.476, etc.;ἀλλ' οὐ μάν 17.41
;ἀλλ' οὐ μάν.. γε S.OC 153
(lyr.);οὐδὲ μάν Pi.P.4.87
.6 ὡς μήν, = ἦ μήν, ὀμμνύω Δία.. ὡς μ. κρινεῖν τὰ ἀντιλεγόμενα Delph.3(1).362 i 40.III after interrogatives, τί μ.; well, what of it? A.Eu. 203, Pl.Tht. 145e, etc.; τί μ. οὔ well, why not? E. Rh. 706 (lyr.); τῶς μ.; well, but how.. ? X.Cyr.1.6.28; τίνος μ. ἕνεκα; ibid.; ποῦ μ.; to express surprise, Pl.Tht. 142a; ἀλλὰ πότε μήν; X. Smp.4.23.IV with adversative force, esp. after a neg., so that it is equivalent to μέντοι, νῦν ἐμὲ μὲν στυγέει.., ἔσται μὰν ὅτ' ἄν .. Il. 8.370- 373;οὐ μὴν ἄτιμοι.. τεθνήξομεν A.Ag. 1279
; ἀνάγκη μὲν καὶ ταῦτ' ἐπίστασθαι.., οὐδὲν μ. κωλύει κτλ. Pl.Phdr. 268e, cf. Grg. 493c, R. 529e, etc.;χαλεπῶς ἔχει ὑπὸ τραυμάτων, μᾶλλον μ. αὐτὸν αἱρεῖ τὸ νόσημα Id.Tht. 142b
; expressed more strongly by γε μ., Pi.P.7.18, A.Th. 1067 (anap.), S.OC 587, X.Cyr.6.1.7, etc.; alsoοὐ μ... γε A. Pr. 270
, Th. 538; οὐδὲ μ. ib. 809, Ch. 189; οὐ μ. οὐδέ nor yet indeed, Th. 1.3, 82, etc.;οὐ μὰν οὐδέ Il.4.512
;ἀλλ' οὐ μὰν οὐδέ 23.441
:—on οὐ μὴν ἀλλά, v. ἀλλά 11.5.------------------------------------μήν [(B)], ὁ,A v. μείς. -
9 μῶκος
-
10 παράπαν
A altogether, absolutely, in correct writers always joined with Art., τὸ π. Hdt.1.61, Th.6.80, etc. ; εἰς τὸ π. in perpetuity, Rev.Bibl.39.532 (Palmyra, ii A. D.).2 freq. with neg., τὸ π. οὐδέν not at all, Hdt. 1.32 ;τὸ π. οὐδὲ γρῦ Ar.Pl.17
, cf. Isoc.17.35, etc. ; μὴ ζητεῖν αὐτὴν.. τὸ π. Pl.Tht. 187a ;οὐκ εἰμὶ τὸ π. ἄθεος Id.Ap. 26c
; φωνὴν οὐκ ἔχειν ἰχθύν γε.. τὸ π. Pherecr.113 : with a neg. Verb,τὸ π. ἀρνούμενοι Antipho 3.3.7
.3 in reckoning, ἐπὶ διηκόσια τὸ παράπαν two hundred on the average, Hdt. 1.193 ; οὐδὲ πεντήκοντα δραχμῶν τὸ π. in all, D.55.28.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παράπαν
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11 πραγματεύομαι
πραγμᾰτ-εύομαι, [dialect] Ion. [pref] πρηγμ-, [tense] aor. ἐπραγματευσάμην, [dialect] Ion. ἐπρηγμ-, Hp.Epid.6.8.32, X.Oec.10.9, etc.; also ἐπραγματεύθην, [dialect] Ion. ἐπρηγμ-, Hdt.2.87, Isoc.12.249: [tense] pf.Aπεπραγμάτευμαι Id.11.1
, Pl.Phd. 99d, 100b, al.; also in pass. sense, v. infr.:—busy oneself, take trouble, ἀπέδωκαν τὸν νεκρὸν οὐδὲν ἔτι πρηγματευθέντες Hdt.l.c., cf.Pl.Cra. 437c;π. περὶ σωφροσύνης Id.R. 430d
, cf. Cra. 425c;περὶ τὰ ὄντα Id.Tht. 187a
, cf. X. Mem.4.2.7, Arist.EN 1102a22, etc.; πολλὰ ἐπί τινι π. work at at thing, labour to bring it about, X.Mem.1.3.15; ; πραγματεύονται ὅπως ἄρξουσι exert themselves to.., X.Lac.14.5:abs., Thphr. HP4.4.1; μηδὲν πραγματεύου do not worry, Id.Char.18.9: c.inf., exert oneself to.., Plu.Them.19.2 to be engaged in business, spend one's time in business, ὅληντὴννύκτα all nightlong, X.Cyr.2.4.26;π.καὶ κακοπαθεῖν τὸν βίον ἅπαντα Arist.EN 1176b29
, cf. 1122a9; simply, conduct a business, PCair.Zen.199.11 (iii B. C.); transact business, of clerks, ib. 647.11 (iii B. C.); π. ἀπὸ ἐμπορίας καὶ δανεισμῶν make money by trade and loans, Plu.Cat.Mi.50, cf.Sull.17, etc.; οἱ πραγματευόμενοι, = Lat. negotiatores, OGI532.6 ([place name] Galatia), cf. SIG797.10 (Assus, i A.D.): c.acc., π. τὸ συνηγορικὸν καὶ (τὸ) ἐπιδέκατον, of a tax-farmer, Ostr. 1537 (ii B. C.), PLeid.Fin Ostr.i p.302;τὴν ὑϊκὴν π. PSI4.384.2
(iii B. C.); generally, of officials, to be employed in public affairs, PGnom.174 (ii A. D.), etc.II c. acc. rei, take in hand, treat laboriously, be engaged in, Pl.Prt. 361d, Hp.Ma. 304c, D.18.26, etc.; undertake,τὸν δεύτερον πλοῦν Pl.Phd. 99d
.2 of authors, elaborate a work, Ar.Nu. 526; of a science, work out,ἃ θέλει Archyt.4
; treat of,περὶ φύσεως πάντα Arist.Metaph. 989b33
, cf. Epicur.Nat.15.34;περί τινος Arist.Ph. 193b31
; , Phld.Mus.p.96K., al.; τοιαύτην οὐκ ἐπραγματεύθησαν ἀκριβολογίαν περὶ τὰς φλέβας did not use such precision in treating of.., Arist.HA 513a9.3 of historians, treat systematically,τὰς πράξεις Plb.1.4.3
: abs., systematic historians,Id.
5.33.5, etc.4 simply, write, treat,ποιητὴς ὢν πεπραγμάτευται περὶ τὸ ἱερόν IG11(4).544.5
(Delos, iii B. C.); τὰ πεπραγματευμένα ὑπ' αὐτῶ his works, composilions, SIG721.8 (Crete, ii/i B. C.), cf. 702.5 (Delph., ii B. C.).III [voice] Pass., mostly [tense] pf. πεπραγμάτευμαι, to be laboured at, elaborated, Pl.Ap. 22b, Prm. 129e; δόρυ ὡσαύτως -ευμένον X Eq.8.10;αἱ εἰς τὸν παῖδα -ευμέναι μεταφοραί Aeschin.1.167
; also [tense] pres., Arist.EE 1215a30.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πραγματεύομαι
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12 προβαίνω
προβαίνω, [tense] fut. - βήσομαι: [tense] pf. - βέβηκα: [tense] aor. 2 προὔβην, imper. πρόβᾱ, Ar.Ach. 262, E.Alc. 872 (lyr.), pl.A (lyr.), E. HF 1047 (lyr.): Hom. has only [tense] pf. and [tense] pres. part. προβιβάς (as if from βίβημἰ, Il.13.18, but προβιβῶντα (- τἰ (as if from βιβάὠ ib. 807, al. codd. (v. infr.); imper.προβιβάσθων Hsch.
; part. προβάοντε, read by Aristarch. for προβοῶντε, Il.12.277;προβῶντες Cratin.126
:— step forward, advance, κραιπνά, κοῦφα ποσὶ προβιβάς, Il.13.18, 158, Od.17.27; τὸν δ' ὦκα προβιβάντα (- βιβῶντα codd.)πόδες φέρον 15.555
; ὑπασπίδια προβιβάντι (- βιβῶντι codd.) Il.13.807, cf. 16.609;π. εὐθέσι τοῖς σκέλεσι Arist.HA 604b5
: c. acc. cogn.,οἵαν ὁδὸν ἁ δειλαιοτάτα π. E.Alc. 263
(lyr.); μέγα π. take a big stride forward, Hp.Art.60.b of hair, grow, Lib.Or.64.50.2 as a mark of Time, ἄστρα προβέβηκε they are far gone in heaven, i.e. it is past midnight. Il.10.252; ἡ νὺξ π. the night is wearing fast, X.An.3.1.13: hence of Time itself, τοῦ χρόνου προβαίνοντος as time went on, Hdt.3.53, 140; ; also τὰ μὲν προβέβηκεν the past, Thgn.583; προβαίνοντος τοῦ ἔργου, τοῦ πολέμου, Hdt.7.23, Plb.2.47.3;τοῦ κώθωνος εὖ μάλα προβεβηκότος Hegesand.21
; ἐκ τοῦ προβεβηκότος, e re nata, on the spur of the moment, Plb.7.12.2: of Age,προβήσεται ἡ ἡλικία X.Ap.6
; of persons, οἱ προβεβηκότες τῇ ἡλικίᾳ advanced in age, Lys.24.16, cf. D.S.12.18; π. τῶν ἡμερῶν, ταῖς ἡμέραις, LXX Jo.13.1, 23.1: abs.,οἱ π. Bato 7.9
, Luc.Nigr. 24;ἐπεὶ προέβη τοῖς ἔτεσιν Macho
ap.Ath.13.580c;προβεβηκότες ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτῶν Ev.Luc.1.7
, cf. 18;ἡλικίας εἰς τὸ πρόσθε π. Pl.Ep. 325c
;π. εἰς πεντήκοντα ἔτη D.C.68.4
(nisi leg. προεβεβιώκεἰ.3 metaph. of narrative, argument, action, events,μὴ πέρα προβῇς λόγου Cratin.66
;προβήσομαι ἐς τὸ πρόσω τοῦ λόγου Hdt.1.5
;προβάς φησιν..
further on,Demetr.Lac.
Herc.1012.12, cf. Phld.Rh.1.87 S.;π. ἐκ τῶν κνημέων ἐς τοὺς μηρούς
went on..,Hdt.
6.75; προέβαινε τὸ ἔθνος ἄρχον καὶ ἐπιτροπεῦον the nation was organized in a series of overlordships and mandates, Id.1.134; ;π. ἐπ' ἔσχατον θράσους S.Ant. 853
(lyr.); ;ποῖ προβήσεται λόγος; E.Hipp. 342
;πέρας δὴ ποῖ κακῶν προβήσεται; Id.Or. 511
, cf. 749;τὸ τῆς τύχης ἀφανὲς οἷ προβήσεται Id.Alc. 785
;μὴ προβαίη μεῖζον ἢ τὸ νῦν κακόν Id.Med. 907
;τὸ ἔθος ἐπὶ πολὺ προβαίνει Aeschin.1.179
: impers., εἰς τοῦτο προβέβηκε ὥστε.. it has gone so far that..,Pl.Lg. 839c; π. πόρρω μοχθηρίας to be far gone in knavery, X.Ap.30;π. εἰς τοῦτο ἔχθρας ὥστε.. D.12.16
;εἰς ἀταξίαν Aeschin.3.38
;μέχρι τίνος Plb. 2.1.3
;ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον π. τὰ πράγματα Id.5.30.6
: in good sense, make progress,τοσοῦτον προβεβήκαμεν ὥστε.. Pl.Tht. 187a
; of an enterprise, prosper, succeed, BGU1209.10 (i B.C.), etc.II go before, i.e. be superior to, another,πολὺ προβέβηκας ἁπάντων σῷ θάρσει Il.6.125
;κράτεϊ 16.54
, cf. 23.890; δυνάμει τε καὶ αἰδοῖ Τρηχῖνος προβέβηκε by might and awe he is over, i.e. rules, Trachis, Hes. Sc. 355, cf. Call. Epigr.1.5.III c. acc. rei, overstep, τέρμα προβάς Pi N.7.71.IV with acc. of the instrum. of motion,πόδα π. Thgn.283
; , cf. Luc.Hist. Conscr.29;προβὰς δὲ κῶλον E.Ph. 1412
;ἀρβύλαν προβάς Id.Or. 1470
(lyr.); προβεβήκασι τὰ ἀριστερά have their left legs foremost (v.l. προβεβλήκασι, v. προβάλλω A. Il.1), Arist.IA 706a7;προβὰς τὸν πόδα τὸν ἀριστερὸν καὶ τὸν δεξιὸν ὑποβάς Poll.5.23
.V Causal, in [tense] fut. [voice] Act., move forward, advance, τίς τρόπος ἄνδρα προβάσει [pron. full] [ᾱ]; Pi.O.8.63.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προβαίνω
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13 χάρις
Aχάριτα Hdt.6.41
, 9.107, E.El.61, Hel. 1378, X.HG3.5.16, Phylarch. 24 J., PGen.47.17 (iv A.D.), etc. (un-Attic, acc. to Moer.p.414P.): χάριταν Gloss.: pl. χάριτες; dat. χάρισι, χαρίτεσσι, Od.6.237, Il. 17.51, Pi.O.7.93: ([etym.] χαίρω):— grace:I in objective sense, outward grace or fauour, beauty, prop. of persons or their portraits, , etc.;χάριν ἀμφιχέαι κεφαλῇ Hes.Op.65
;εὐμόρφων δὲ κολοσσῶν ἔχθεται χ. ἀνδρί A.Ag. 417
(lyr.): pl., graces,κάλλεϊ καὶ χάρισι στίλβων Od.6.237
; ; gracefully,Th.
2.41: less freq. of things, χ. δ' ἀπελάμπετο πολλή, of ear-rings, Il.14.183; of works,ἔργοισι χάριν καὶ κῦδος ὀπάζει Od.15.320
; of words,οὔ οἱ χ. ἀμφιπεριστέφεται ἐπέεσσιν 8.175
; πλείστη δὲ χ. κατὰ μέτρον ἰούσης [γλώσσης] Hes.Op. 720;ταὶ Διωνύσου σὺν βοηλάτα χάριτες διθυράμβῳ Pi.O.13.19
;ἡ τῶν λόγων χ. D.4.38
, cf. D.H. Comp.23;μῦθοι πληθόμενοι χαρίτων AP9.186
(Antip.Thess.).2 glory,Φερενίκου χ. Pi.O.1.18
, cf. 8.57,80.II in subjective sense, grace or favour felt, whether on the part of the doer or the receiver (both senses appear in such phrases asὅτ'.. ἡ χάρις χάριν φέροι S.OC 779
; , cf. E.Hel. 1234, Arist.Rh. 1385a16):1 on the part of the doer, grace, kindness, goodwill, τινος for or towards one, Hes.Op. 190;τῶν Μεσσηνίων χάριτι πεισθείς Th.3.95
; οὐ χάριτι τῇ ἐμῇ not for any kind feeling towards me, Antipho 5.41: abs.,εἰ δέ τις μείζων χ. A. Supp. 960
;τῆς παλαιᾶς χ. ἐκβεβλημένη S.Aj. 808
; ἦ μεγάλα χ. δώρῳσύν ὀλίγῳ Theoc.28.24
;χ. εὑρεῖν ἐναντίον τοῦ θεοῦ LXX Ge.6.8
, al.;χάριν ἔχειν πρὸς τὸν δῆμον Plu.Dem.7
; partiality, favour,μήτε ἔλεον μήτε συγγνώμην μήτε χ. μηδεμίαν περὶ πλείονος ποιήσασθαι τῶν νόμων Lys.14.40
;οὐ συμφωνοῦσιν ὀργαὶ καὶ χάριτες μακαριότητι Epicur. Ep.
ip.28 U., cf. Pl.Lg. 740c.2 more freq. on the part of the receiver, sense of favour received, thankfulness, gratitude,χάριν καὶ κῦδος ἄροιο Il.4.95
;ἀρέομαι πὰρ Σαλαμῖνος Ἀθαναίων χ. Pi.P.1.76
; τινος for a thing, , cf. 22.319;ἀντὶ πόνων χ. Th.4.86
: less freq. c. inf., οὐκ ἄρα τις χάρις ἦεν μάρνασθαι one has, it seems, no thanks for fighting, Il.9.316, 17.147;οἵ οἱ ἀπεμνήσαντο χ. εὐεργεσιάων Hes.Th. 503
, cf. Th.1.137;χάριν φέρειν τινί Pi.O.10(11).17
;χ. τροφεῦσιν ἀμείβων A.Ag. 728
(lyr.);φιλότητος ἀμειβόμεναι χ. S.El. 134
(lyr.); χάριν εἰδέναι τινί to acknowledge a sense of favour, feel grateful, once in Hom.,ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι ἰδέω χ. ἤματα πάντα Il.14.235
; freq. in Prose, Hdt.3.21, Lys.2.23, Isoc.4.175, etc.; τούτων for a thing, X.Cyr.1.6.11, etc.;τοῖς διαπεπραγμένοις Plu.Alex.62
;μοι χ. οἶδεν ἐπὶ τούτοις Luc.
Bis Acc.17;χ. προσειδέναι Pl.Ap. 20a
;ἀποδιδόναι Id.R. 338a
;τινὰ ἀποστερῆσαι χάριτος Id.Hp.Mi. 372c
; laterχ. γνῶναι Philostr.VA2.17
;πολλὴν γνοῦσα χ. X.Eph.3.5
;χ. ἐπίσταμαι πᾶσι Charito 3.4
, cf. 8.5, Poll.5.142, Jul.Or.8.246c; alsoτῶν παροιχομένων ἔχειν σφι μεγάλην χ. Hdt.7.120
, cf. 1.71, E.Heracl. 767 (lyr.), IT 847 (lyr.), Lys.16.1, Hyp.Ath.5: c. part.,χ. ἔχειν σωθέντες X.An.2.5.14
; also χάριτας ἔχων πατρός owing him a debt of gratitude, E.Or. 244: but ἀσπασμάτων χάριν τίν' ἕξει; what thanks will she have for.. ? Id.Hec. 830;χ. ἂν ἐν τούτῳ μείζω ἔτι ἔσχεν Th.8.87
; χ. ὀφείλειν to owe gratitude, be beholden,τοῖς θεοῖς S.Ant. 331
, cf. X.Cyr.3.2.30;προσοφείλειν D.3.31
;χ. οὐδεμία ἐφαίνετο πρὸς Ἀθηναίων Hdt.5.90
; χάριν ἀθάνατον καταθέσθαι to lay up a store of undying gratitude, Id.7.178, cf. 6.41;τῇ πόλει χ. καταθέσθαι Antipho 5.61
, cf. Th.1.33; χάριν λαβεῖν τινος receive thanks from one, S.OT 1004, etc.;ἀπολαβεῖν παρά τινων Lys.20.31
; τινος for a thing, X.Mem.2.2.5, Aeschin.2.4; ;κἀπ' ἐμοῦ κτήσει χ. Id.Tr. 471
;κομίσασθαι χ. Th.3.58
;χάριτος τυχεῖν Lycurg. 135
;ἀπέχειν χάριτας Call.Epigr.51.4
, etc.; τοῖς θεοῖς χάρις (sc. ἐστί) ὅτι .., thank the gods that.., X.An.3.3.14, Cyr.7.5.72;χ. τινί τινος Luc.Tim.36
;τινὶ ὑπέρ τινος Plu.2.1122a
.3 favour, influence, opp. force,χάριτι τὸ πλέον ἢ φόβῳ Th.1.9
; χ. καὶ δεήσει, opp. ἀπειλῇ, Plu.Sull.38.4 love-charm, philtre, Luc. Alex.5, Merc.Cond.40.III in concrete sense, a favour done or returned, boon, χάριν φέρειν τινί confer a favour on one, do a thing to oblige him, Il.5.211, 874, 9.613, Od.5.307, E.IT14, Or. 239, And.2.24 (so in [voice] Med., of the recipient, ib.9);ἄλλοις χ. φέροντες Th.3.54
; χάριν θέσθαι or τίθεσθαί τινι, Hdt.9.60, 107, A. Pr. 782, E.Hec. 1211, etc.;προσθέσθαι S.OC 767
;χ. ὑπουργῆσαί τινι A.Pr. 635
; ; , 896 (lyr.);δράσας Th.2.40
; ἀνύσαι prob. in S.Tr. 995 (anap.); ;χ. δοῦναί τινι A.Pr. 821
, S.OC 1489 (but χ. δοῦναι, = χαρίζεσθαι (1.2), indulge, humour, ὀργῇ ib. 855;γαστρί Cratin.317
); χ. χαρίζεσθαι, v. χαρίζομαι 1.1: χ. ἀνθυπουργεῖν return a favour, S.Fr. 339; , Ag. 821;χάριτας πατρῴας ἐκτίνων E.Or. 453
, cf. Pl. Mx. 242c, etc.;χ. ἀποδιδόναι τινί Lys.12.60
, 28.17;ἀντί τινος X.Ages.2.29
;ὑπέρ τινος Isoc.4.56
;τῶν ἔργων τὰς χάριτας ἀποδ. τινί Lys.31.24
;χάριτας ἀντιδιδόναι Th.3.63
; opp. χάριν ἀπαιτεῖν to ask the repayment of a boon, E.Hec. 276, cf. Lys.18.23, D.20.156;χάριτας ἀπ. Lycurg.139
;χάριν ἐξαιτεῖσθαι S.OC 586
; χ. ἀποστερεῖν withhold a return for what one has received, Pl.Grg. 520c; τὰς αὑτοῦ εἰς τοὺς φίλους χ. the favours one has done them, Id.Lg. 729d; χ. ἄχαρις α thankless favour, one which receives, or deserves, no thanks, A.Pr. 545 (lyr.);χ. ἀχάριτος Id.Ch.42
(lyr.), E.Ph. 1757 (lyr.).b grant made in legal form, POxy.273.14 (i A.D.), PGrenf.2.70.5 (iii A.D.), etc.; αἱ τῶν Σεβαστῶν χ. imperial grants, OGI669.44 (Egypt, i A.D.).2 esp. in erotic sense, of favours granted (v.χαρίζομαι 1.3
),ἀλόχου χάριν ἰδεῖν Il.11.243
, cf. A.Ag. 1206: more freq. in pl., X.Hier.1.34, 7.6, etc.; βίᾳ δ' ἔπραξας χάριτας ἢ πείσας κόρην; Trag.Adesp.402; in full,χάριτες ἀφροδισίων ἐρώτων Pi.Fr. 128
, cf. Pl.Phdr. 254a, al.IV gratification, delight, τινος in or from a thing,συμποσίου Pi. O.7.5
;νίκας Id.O.10(11).78
;ὕπνου χ. E.Or. 159
(lyr.); evenχ. γόων Id.Supp.79
(lyr.); also concrete, of things, a delight, Pi.I.2.19 (pl.);τὰν βοτρυώδη Διονύσου χ. οἴνας E.Ba. 535
(lyr.), cf. Ar.Nu. 311 (lyr.), Jul.Or.3.125b;ἔνοπτρα, παρθένων χάριτας E.Tr. 1108
(lyr.): abs.,Ἔρως.. εἰσάγων γλυκεῖαν χ. Id.Hipp. 527
(lyr.); opp. λύπη, S.El. 821, E.Hel. 655 (lyr.); opp. πόνος, S.OC 232 (lyr.);θανεῖν πολλὴ χάρις A.Ag. 550
, cf. 1304;βίου χ. μεθεῖσα E.Med. 227
;οὐδεμίαν ἔχω τῷ βίῳ χάριν Ar.Lys. 865
; τοῖς δὲ σιτίοις χ. οὐδεμίαν οἶδ' ἐσθίων ib. 869; less freq. in Prose,χ. καὶ ἡδονή Pl.Grg. 462c
, cf. D.20.26;τοσαύτην ἔχει χ. Isoc.9.10
.V δαιμόνων χάρις homage due to them, their worship, majesty, A.Ag. 182 (lyr.); ἀθίκτων χ. ib. 371 (lyr.); (lyr.).2 thank-offering, εὐκταία χ. τινός, opp. a common gift, A.Ag. 1387, cf. X.Hier.8.4;ἔπεμψε χαίτην κουρίμην χ. πατρός A.Ch. 180
, cf. 517;τιμὴ καὶ γέρα καὶ χ. Pl.Euthphr. 15a
, cf. La. 187a.VI Special usages:1 acc. sg. as Adv., χ. τινός in any one's favour, for his pleasure, for his sake,χ. Ἕκτορος Il.15.744
; ψεύδεσθαι γλώσσης χ. for one's tongue's pleasure, i.e. for talking's sake, Hes.Op. 709, cf. A.Ch. 266; rarely with Art.,τὴν Ἀθηναίων χάριν ἐστρατεύοντο Hdt.5.99
.b as Prep., sts. before its case (once in Pi., P.2.70;χάριν πλησμονῆς Pl.Phdr. 241c
;χ. φιλίας Epicur.Sent.Vat.28
; χ. τίνος; LXX 2 Ch.7.21, cf. POxy.743.29 (i B. C.), etc.), but mostly after, for the sake of, on behalf of, on account of, (lyr.); τοῦ χάριν; for what reason? Ar.Pl.53;συγχωρῶ τοῦ λόγου χ. Pl.R. 475a
; so ἐμὴν χάριν, χάριν σήν, for my, thy pleasure or sake, A.Pers. 1046 (lyr.), E.HF 1238, etc.;κείνου τε καὶ σὴν ἐξ ἴσου κοινὴν χ. S.Tr. 485
: less freq. with the Art.,τὴν σὴν δ' ἥκω χ. Id.Ph. 1413
(anap.);σοῦ τε τήν τ' ἐμὴν χ. E.Ph. 762
:—pleon.,τίνος χάριν ἕνεκα; Pl.Lg. 701d
; also χάριν τινός as far as regards.., as to..,ἔπους σμικροῦ χ. S.OC 443
; δακρύων χάριν if tears would serve, Id.Fr.557.6;χ. θανάτου πόλιν ἀτείχιστον οἰκοῦμεν Epicur.Sent.Vat.31
; also, about, ἔπεμφεν ἐπὶ τὴν πενθεράν σου χ. τοῦ κτήματος about the farm, PFay.126.5 (ii/iii A. D.).—Orig. an acc. in apposition with the sentence, as in Il.15.744, etc., being a favour, since it is (was) a favour, as is evident in ;τινὸς νίκας ἀκάρπωτον χ. S.Aj. 176
(lyr.).2 with Preps.:a εἰς χάριν to do a pleasure,οὐδὲν ἐς χ. πράσσων Id.OT 1353
(lyr.);ἐς χ. τίθεσθαί τι Plu.Mar.46
;μηδὲ κρίσιν εἰς χ. ἕλκε Ps.-Phoc.9
(but ἐς τὴν τῶν ξυμμάχων χ. in such a way as to earn thanks.. Th.3.37); alsoκατὰ χάριν Pl.Lg. 740c
; χάριτος ἕνεκα ib. 771d.b (anap.); ; , cf. X.Mem.4.4.4, HG6.3.7, Isoc.2.18, D.8.1 (but πρὸς χ. βορᾶς for the sake of it, S.Ant.30); πρὸς χ., opp. κλαίων, Id.OT 1152:—but πρὸς χ. εὐσεβίας, just like χάριν, Pi.O.8.8;τίνος νόμου ταῦτα πρὸς χ. λέγω; S.Ant. 908
;πρὸς ἰσχύος χ. E.Med. 538
; πρὸς χ. alone, as a favour, freely,πρὸς χ. τε κοὐ βίᾳ S.Fr.28
; but κορέσαι στόμα πρὸς χ. to their heart's content, Id.Ph. 1156 (lyr.).c ἐν χάριτι κρίνειν τινά to decide from partiality to one, Theoc.5.69; but also, for one's gratification, pleasure, ἐν χάριτι διδόναι or ποιεῖν τινί τι, X.Oec.8.10, Pl.Phd. 115b: gratefully,Id.
Lg. 796b.d διὰ χαρίτων εἶναι or γίγνεσθαί [τινι] to be pleasing to one, X.Hier.9.1,2.VII metaph. of the cypress, Gp.11.4.1; of some kind of myrtle, Sch.Il.17.51; of salt, ὅτι τὸ ἀναγκαῖον ἡδὺ ποιοῦσιν (sc. ἅλες) Plu.2.685a.B [full] Χάρις, ἡ, as a mythological pr. n. declined like χάρις, save that the acc. is generally Χάριτα (exc. AP5.148 (Mel.), Luc.DDeor. 15.1, Paus.9.35.4): poet. dat. pl.Χαρίτεσσι Il.17.51
, Pi.N.9.54; Χάρισσιν ib.5.54:—Charis, wife of Hephaestus, Il.18.382; mostly in pl. Χάριτες, αἱ, the Graces, 14.267, 275, Od.6.18, Pi.O.2.50, etc.; three in number, Hes.Th. 907, etc. (τέσσαρες αἱ X.
, as a compliment, Call.Epigr.52.1); attendants of Aphrodite, Il.5.338, Hes. Op.73, h.Ven.61, Paus.6.24.7; coupled with Μοῦσαι, Hes.Th.64; κόμαι Χαρίτεσσιν ὁμοῖαι, i.e. like that of the Graces, Il.17.51; worshipped at Orchomenus in Boeotia,Ἐτεόκλειοι Χάριτες θεαί Theoc. 16.104
, cf. Sch. ad loc., Str.9.2.40, Paus.9.35.3, 9.38.1: but at Lacedaemon and Athens only two were orig. worshipped, Id.3.18.6, 9.35.2;Χαρίτων ἱερὸν ἐμποδὼν ποιοῦνται Arist.EN 1133a3
;θύειν ταῖς X.
Plu.2.141f; in adjurations,πρὸς τῶν Χαρίτων Pl.Tht. 152c
;νὴ τὰς X.
Luc.Hist.Conscr.26;ὦ φίλαι X.
Plu.2.710d.— Rarely in sg., X.ζωθάλμιος Pi.O.7.11
;Χάριτος ἡδίστης θεῶν Antiph. 228.4
. -
14 ἀνακογχυλιασμός
ἀνακογχῠλ-ιασμός, ὁ,A gargling, Ath.5.187a, Antyll. ap.Orib.5.28.3; and [suff] ἀνακογχῠλ-ιαστόν (sc. φάρμακον), τό, gargle, Pl.Com. 196.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀνακογχυλιασμός
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15 ἀσύγκλωστος
ἀσύγκλωστος, ον,Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀσύγκλωστος
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16 ἁρμονία
A means of joining, fastening,γόμφοις μιν.. καὶ ἁρμονίῃσιν ἄρηρεν Od.5.248
; of a ship, ὄφρ' ἂν.. ἐν ἁρμονίῃσιν ἀρήρῃ ib. 361.2 joint, as between a ship's planks, τὰς ἁ. ἐν ὦν ἐπάκτωσαν τῇ βύβλῳ caulked the joints with papyrus, Hdt.2.96;τῶν ἁρμονιῶν διαχασκουσῶν Ar.Eq. 533
; also in masonry,αἱ τῶν λίθων ἁ. D.S.2.8
, cf. Paus.8.8.8,9.33.7.3 in Anatomy, suture, Hp. Off.25, Oss.12; union of two bones by mere apposition, Gal.2.737; also in pl., adjustments, .4 framework,ῥηγνὺς ἁρμονίαν.. λύρας S.Fr. 244
;βοός Philostr.Im.1.16
; esp. of the human frame,ἁρμονίην ἀναλυέμεν ἀνθρώποιο Ps.-Phoc.102
;νεύρων καὶ κώλων ἔκλυτος ἁ. AP7.383
(Phil.);τὰς ἁ. διαχαλᾷ τοῦ σώματος Epicr.2.19
.b of the mind, δύστροπος γυναικῶν ἁ. women's perverse temperament, E.Hipp. 162 (lyr.).II covenant, agreement, in pl.,μάρτυροι.. καὶ ἐπίσκοποι ἁρμονιάων Il.22.255
.IV in Music, stringing,ἁ. τόξου καὶ λύρας Heraclit.51
, cf. Pl.Smp. 187a: hence, method of stringing, musical scale, Philol.6, etc., Nicom.Harm.9; esp. octave,ἐκ πασῶν ὀκτὼ οὐσῶν [φωνῶν] μίαν ἁ. συμφωνεῖν Pl.R. 617b
;ἑπτὰ χορδαὶ ἡ ἁ. Arist. Metaph. 1093a14
, cf. Pr. 919b21; of the planetary spheres, in Pythag. theory, Cael.290b13, Mu.399a12, etc.2 generally, music,αὐτῷ δὲ τῷ ῥυθμῷ μιμοῦνται χωρὶς ἁ. Id.Po.1447a26
.3 special type of scale, mode,ἁ. Λυδία Pi.N.4.46
; Αἰολίς or - ηΐς Pratin.Lyr.5, Lasus I, cf. Pl.R. 398e, al., Arist.Pol. 1276b8, 1341b35, etc.b esp. the enharmonic scale, Aristox.Harm.p.I M., Plu.2.1135a, al.4 ἁρμονίαν λόγων λαβών a due arrangement of words, fit to be set to music, Pl.Tht. 175e.6 metaph. of persons and things, harmony, concord, Pl.R. 431e, etc.V personified, as a mythical figure, h.Ap. 195, Hes.Th. 937, etc.; Philos., like φιλότης, principle of Union, opp. Νεῖκος, Emp.122.2, cf. 27.3.VI Pythag. name for three, Theol. Ar.16.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἁρμονία
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17 ἄρχω
Aἀρχέμεναι Il.20.154
: [tense] impf. ἦρχον ib.2.378, etc.; [dialect] Dor.ἆρχον Pi.O.10(11).51
: [tense] fut.ἄρξω Od.4.667
, A.Pr. 940, Th.1.144: [tense] aor. ἦρξα, [dialect] Ep.ἄρξα Od.14.230
, etc.: [tense] pf. ([place name] Thyatira), Decr. ap. Plu.2.851f:—[voice] Med., Od.8.90, etc.; non-thematic part.ἄρχμενος Call.Aet.3.1.56
, al.: [tense] impf., Il.9.93, Hdt.5.28: [tense] fut. ἄρξομαι (in med. sense, v. infr.) Il.9.97, E.IA 442, X.Cyr.8.8.2; [dialect] Dor.ἀρξεῦμαι Theoc.7.95
: [tense] aor.ἠρξάμην Od.23.310
, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. ἦργμαι only in med. sense, v. infr. 1.2: [tense] aor.ἤρχθην, ἀρχθῆναι Th.6.18
, Arist.Pol. 1277b13, v. infr.11.4:—to be first,I in Time, begin, make a beginning, [voice] Act. and [voice] Med. (in Hom. the [voice] Act. is more freq., in [dialect] Att. Prose the [voice] Med., esp. where personal action is emphasized), to be the aggressor,Th.
1.53; π. ἄρχεσθαι to begin one's operations, X.HG6.3.6; ἄρχειν τοῦ λόγου to open a conversation, Id.An.1.6.6; ἄρχεσθαι τοῦ λόγου to begin one's speech, ib.3.2.7. Constr.:1 mostly c. gen., make a beginning of,ἄρχειν πολέμοιο Il.4.335
;μύθων Od.3.68
;τῶν ἀδικημάτων πρῶτον τοῦτο ἄρξαι Hdt. 1.2
;ἦρξεν ἐμβολῆς A.Pers. 409
; τοῦ κακοῦ ib. 353; ἄρχειν χειρῶν ἀδίκων, ἄρχειν τῆς πληγῆς, strike the first blow, Antipho 4.2.1 and 2:— in [voice] Med. in religious sense, = ἀπάρχεσθαι, ἀρχόμενος μελέων beginning with the limbs, Od.14.428, cf. E. Ion 651; but [voice] Act.,σπονδαῖσιν ἄρξαι Pi.I.6(5).37
.2 c. gen., begin from or with..,ἐν σοὶ μὲν λήξω σέο δ' ἄρξομαι Il.9.97
;ἄρχεσθαι Διός Pi.N.5.25
; πόθεν ἄρξωμαι; A.Ch. 855;πόθεν ποτὲ ἦρκται Hp. VM5
; ἄρχεσθαι, ἦρχθαι ἔκ τινος, Od.23.199, Hp.Off.11; ἀπό τινος freq. in Prose, ἀρξάμενοι αὐτίκα ἀπὸ παιδίων even from boyhood, Hdt.3.12; but more commonly ἐκ παίδων, ἐκ παιδός, etc., Pl.R. 408d, Thg. 128d:— ἀπό in non-temporal relations, ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ σοῦ. i.e. including yourself, Pl.Grg. 471c, cf. D.18.297;ἀπὸ τῶν πατέρων X.Mem.3.5.15
; ; ἀφ' ἱερῶν ἠργμένη ἀρχή ib. 771a;ἀφ' Ἑστίας ἀρχόμενος Ar.V. 846
.3 c. gen. rei et dat. pers., ἄρχε θεοῖς δαιτός begin a banquet to the gods, Il.15.95;τοῖς ἄρα μύθων ἦρχε 2.433
, etc.;τῇσι δὲ.. ἄρχετο μολπῆς Od.6.101
;ἦρξε τῇ πόλει ἀνομίας τὸ νόσημα Th.2.53
, cf. 12;τὴν ἡμέραν ἄρχειν ἐλευθερίας τῇ Ἑλλάδι X.HG2.2.23
; .4 c. acc., ἄρχειν ὁδόν τινι, show him the way, Od.8.107 (but also ἄρχειν ὁδοῖο lead the way, 5.237): abs. (sc. ὁδόν), ἄρχε δ' Ἀθήνη 3.12
;σὺ μὲν ἄρχε Il.9.69
; ;ἦρχε δ' ἄρα σφιν Ἄρης 5.592
, cf. infr. 11.2: with other accusatives,ἄρχειν ὕμνον Pi.N.3.10
;ἅπερ ἦρξεν A.Ag. 1529
(lyr.);λυπηρόν τι S.El. 552
; .5 of actions,σέο δ' ἕξεται ὅττι κεν ἄρχῃ Il.9.102
: freq. c. inf., τοῖσιν δ' ἦρχ' ἀγορεύειν among them, Il.1.571, etc.; ἦρχε νέεσθαι, ἦρχ' ἴμεν, 2.84, 13.329;ἄρχετε νῦν νέκυας φορέειν Od.22.437
, etc.;ὑφαίνειν ἤρχετο μῆτιν Il.7.324
;ἤρξαντο οἰκοδομεῖν Th.1.107
;ἡ νόσος ἤρξατο γενέσθαι Id.2.47
: c. part., of continued action or condition,ἦρχον χαλεπαίνων Il.2.378
;ἢν ἄρξῃ ἀδικέων Hdt.4.119
;ἡ ψυχὴ ἄρχεται ἀπολείπουσα X.Cyr.8.7.26
;πόθεν ἂν ὀρθῶς ἀρξαίμεθα ἐπαινοῦντες; Pl.Mx. 237a
, cf. Tht. 187a (butἄ. ἐπαινεῖν Id.Phdr. 241e
);ἄρξομαι διδάσκων X.Cyr.8.8.2
(butἤρξω μανθάνειν Id.Mem.3.5.22
).6 abs., take the lead!Il.
9.69: generally, begin, ἄρχειν [τὴν ἐκεχειρίαν] τήνδε τὴν ἡμέραν Indut. ap. Th.4.118, cf. Lex ap.D.24.42; τὸ ἄρχον, opp. τὸ ἑπόμενον, Dam.Pr. 234: part. at first,X.
Eq.9.3, Cyn.3.8, Isoc.2.54; at the beginning,ἀρχομένου δὲ πίθου καὶ λήγοντος Hes.Op. 368
, cf. Fr.192.4; ;ἄρχεται ὁ πόλεμος ἐνθένδε Th.2.1
; ἅμα ἦρι ἀρχομένῳ ibid.; θέρους εὐθὺς ἀρχομένου ib.47.II in point of Place or Station, rule, govern, command,1 mostly c. gen., rule, be leader of..,Βοιωτῶν Il.2.494
, cf. Hdt.5.1, etc.2 less freq. c. dat.,ἀνδράσιν ἦρξα Od.14.230
, cf. 471, Il.2.805, Pi.P.3.4, A.Pr. 940, E.Andr. 666, IA 337, IG7.2830 ([place name] Hyettus), etc.; also ἐν δ' ἄρα τοῖσιν ἦρχ' held command among them, Il.13.690, cf. Pl.Phdr. 238a: c. inf. added, ἄρχε Μυρμιδόνεσσι μάχεσθαι led them on to fight, Il.16.65.3 abs., rule, , cf. Pers. 774; esp. hold a magistracy, ; at Athens, etc., to be archon, D.21.178; ἀρχάς, ἀρχὴν ἄρχειν, Hdt.3.80, Th.6.54; ἄρχειν τὴν ἐπώνυμον (with or without ἀρχήν) IG3.659, 693, SIG872.7.4 [voice] Pass., with [tense] fut.ἄρξομαι Hdt.7.159
, Pi.O.8.45, A.Pers. 589, Lys.28.7; butἀρχθήσομαι Arist.Pol. 1259b40
, D.C.65.10:—to be ruled, governed, etc.,ὑπό τινος Hdt.1.127
; , Ant.63;ὑπό τινι Hdt.1.91
, 103;σφόδρα ὑπό τινος Lys.12.92
; ap.D.L.1.60, cf. Pl.Prt. 326d;δύνασθαι καὶ ἄρχεσθαι καὶ ἄρχειν Arist. Pol. 1277b14
; subjects,X.
An.2 6.19, etc. -
18 ἐπεί
A OF TIME ( ἐπειδή is more freq. in this sense in Prose), after that, since, when, from Hom. downwds.:I with Ind.,1 of a definite occurrence in past time, mostly c. [tense] aor., ἐπεί π' εὔξαντο after they had prayed, Il.1.458; afterD.
had died and A. had succeeded, X.An.1.1.3: rarely c. [tense] impf.,ἐπειδὴ εἱστιώμεθ' Ar.Nu. 1354
;ἐ. πόντον εἰσεβάλλομεν E.IT 260
;ἐ. ἠσθένει Δαρεῖος X.An.1.1.1
: c. [tense] plpf., ἐπειδὴ ἐξηπάτησθε.. after you had been deceived.., D.18.42; but generally the [tense] aor. is found, the [tense] plpf. being used only for special emphasis: c. [tense] impf. to express an action not yet complete, ἐπεὶ ὑπηντίαζεν ἡ φάλαγξ καὶ ἡ σάλπιγξ ἐφθέγξατο after the phalanx began to advance and the trumpet had sounded, X.An.6.5.27.2 with implied reference to some later time, ἐ. or ἐπειδή, = ἐξ οὗ, from the time when, since, mostly c. [tense] aor.,πολλὰ πλάγχθη, ἐ. ἔπερσε Od.1.2
; ἐπείτε παρέλαβον τὸν θρόνον, τοῦτο ἐφρόντιζον ever since I came to the throne, I had this in mind, Hdt.7.8.ά; ἐπειδήπερ ὑπέστη Th.8.68
;δέκατον μὲν ἔτος τόδ' ἐ... ἦραν A.Ag. 40
: sts. c. [tense] pres. (used in [tense] pf. sense) and [tense] pf., ἐ. δὲ φροῦδός ἐστι στρατός since the army is gone, S.Ant.15; ἐπείτε ὑπὸ τῷ Πέρσῃ εἰσί, πεπόνθασι τοιόνδε ever since they have been, now that they are.., Hdt.3.117.II with Subj., ἄν being always added in [dialect] Att. Prose, and ἄν or κε generally in Poetry: ἐπεί with ἄν becomes ἐπήν (so in Com., Ar.Lys. 1175,Av. 983), later ἐπάν (q.v.), [dialect] Ion. (vi B.C.), Hdt.3.153, al.,ἐπήν Hp.Fract.6
, al., and ἐπειδή with ἄν ἐπειδάν (q.v.); Hom. has ἐπεί κε, ἐπήν (onceἐπεὶ ἄν Il.6.412
):1 referring to future time with [tense] fut. apodosis, τέκνα ἄξομεν.. ἐπὴν πτολίεθρον ἕλωμεν when we shall have taken the city, Il.4.238;ἐ. κ' ἀπὸ λαὸς ὄληται 11.764
. cf. Od.17.23;ἐπεάν περ ἡμίονοι τέκωσι, τότε τὸ τεῖχος ἁλώσεσθαι Hdt.3.153
; ταῦτ', ἐπειδὰν περὶ τοῦ γένους εἴπω, τότ' ἐρῶ I will speak of this, when I have spoken.., D.57.16, cf. X.An.2.3.29;ἐ. ἂν σύ γε πότ μον ἐπίσπῃς Il.6.412
; χρὴ δέ, ὅταν μὲν τιθῆσθε τοὺς νόμους,.. σκοπεῖν, ἐπειδὰν δὲ θῆσθε, φυλάττειν whenever you are enacting your laws,.. and after you have enacted them.., D.21.34.2 of repeated action, with a [tense] pres. apodosis, whenever, when once,δαμνᾷ, ἐ. κε λίπῃ ὀστέα θυμός Od.11.221
, cf. Il.9.409; ἐπειδὰν ἡ ἐκφορὰ ᾖ.. ἄγουσι whenever the burial takes place they bring, Th.2.34; ἐπειδὰν κρύψωσι γῇ.. λέγει when they have covered them with earth, ibid.: sts. without ἄν or κε in Poets,ἐ. ἂρ βλέφαρ' ἀμφικαλύψῃ Od.20.86
;ἐ. δὴ τόν γε δαμάσσεται.. ὀϊστός Il.11.478
, cf. S.OC 1225 (lyr.), Ant. 1025.3 like A.1.2, δέκα ἡμερῶν ἐπειδὰν δόξῃ within ten days from the passing of the resolution, IG12.88.7.III with Opt. (without ἄν):1 referring to future time, ἐπειδὴ πρὸς τὸ φῶς ἔλθοι, ὁρᾶν οὐδ' ἂν ἓν δύνασθαι (sc. οὐκ οἴει); after he had come into the light.., Pl.R. 516a: Hom. sts. uses ἐπήν with opt. in same sense as ἐπεί, Il.24.227, Od.2.105 (codd.), etc.2 more freq. of repeated action, with a past apodosis,ἐ. ζεύξειεν.., δησάσκετο Il.24.14
;ἐπειδὴ δέ τι ἐμφάγοιεν, ἀνίσταντο X.An.4.5.9
;ἐ. πύθοιτο, ἐπῄνει Id.Cyr.5.3.55
, cf. Th.8.38, Pl.Phd. 59d, Prt. 315b.3 in orat. obliq. after past tenses, representing a subj. in orat. rect., αὐτὸς δὲ ἐπεὶ διαβαίης, ἀπιέναι ἔφησθα (the direct form being ἐπὴν διαβῶ) X.An. 7.2.27, cf. 3.5.18, Cyr.1.4.21; after opt. in a final clause, ἐπορεύοντο,ὅπως ἐπειδὴ γένοιντο ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ.. ἴοιεν Th.7.80
.4 by assimilation to opt. in principal clause,ἦ τ' ἂν.. νῦν μὲν ἀνώγοιμι πτολεμίζειν.. ἐπὴν τεισαίμεθα λώβην Il.19.208
; .5 ἐπειδάν c. opt. is f.l. in some passages of early authors, as X.Cyr.1.3.11, D.30.6 (c. ind., Plb.13.7.8): found in later Gr., Agath.2.5, al., Zos.5.18.10.IV with Inf., only in orat. obliq., ἐπειδὴ δὲ κατὰ σχολὴν σκέψασθαι, κόπτεσθαι (sc. ἔφη) Pl.R. 619c, cf.Smp. 174d, Hdt.4.10, 7.150.V with other words:1 ἐ. τάχιστα as soon as, freq. separated by a word,ἐ. ἦλθε τάχιστα,.. ἀπέδοτο X.An.7.2.6
;ἐ. δὲ τάχιστα διέβη Id.Cyr.3.3.22
;ἐ. θᾶττον Arist.Pol. 1284a40
;ἐ. εὐθέως X.HG3.2.4
;ἐ... αὐτίκα Pi.N.1.35
;ἐπειδὴ τάχιστα Pl.Prt. 310c
, D.27.16;ἐπειδὰν τάχιστα Hdt.8.144
, X.An.3.1.9; rarelyἐπειδὴ θᾶττον D.37.41
;ἐπειδὰν θᾶττον Pl.Prt. 325c
.2 with emphatic Particles, ἐπεὶ ἄρα when then, in continuing a narrative, Il.6.426; ἐπεὶ οὖν when then, in resuming a narrative, 1.57, 3.4;ἐπεὶ ὦν Hdt.3.9
;ἐπεὶ γὰρ δή Id.9.90
, etc.B CAUSAL ( ἐπεί more freq. in this sense in early Prose: ἐπειδή whereas is used in preambles of decrees, IG22.103, etc.; inasmuch as, Ev. Luc.1.1
), since, seeing that, freq. from Hom. downwards:1 with Ind. (after both present and past tenses),ἐ. οὐδὲ ἔοικε Il.1.119
, cf. 153, 278, Pi.O.4.16, X.Mem.2.3.4;ἐπειδή Th.8.80
;ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἐθέλεις Pl.Prt. 335c
;νίκη δ' ἐπείπερ ἕσπετ', ἐμπέδως μένοι A.Ag. 854
; freq. with past tenses withἄν, ἐπεὶ οὔποτ' ἂν στόλον ἐπλεύσατ' ἄν S.Ph. 1037
;ἐπεὶ οὔ κεν ἀνιδρωτί γ' ἐτελέσθη Il.15.228
, cf. D. 18.49; οὐ γὰρ ἂν σθένοντά γε εἷλέν μ'· ἐπεὶ οὐδ' ἂν ὧδ' ἔχοντ' (sc. εἷλεν) S.Ph. 948: esp. in the sense, for otherwise.., Pi.O.9.29, S.OT 433, X.Mem.2.7.14, Herod.2.72, etc.: so c. [tense] fut., ἐξέστω δὲ μηδενὶ.. τεθῆναι.., ἐ. ἀποδώσει.. otherwise he shall pay.., Rev.Et.Anc.4.261 (near Smyrna): c. imper., ἐ. δίδαξον for teach me, S.El. 352, OC 969, cf. OT 390, Ar.V.73, Pl.Grg. 473e: with an interrog., ἐ. πῶς ἂν καλέσειας; for how would you call him? Ar.Nu. 688, cf. Pi.P.7.5, A.Ch. 214, S. Tr. 139 (lyr.);ὦ Ἀλκιβιάδη, ἐπειδὴ περὶ τίνος Ἀθηναῖοι διανοοῦνται βουλεύεσθαι, ἀνίστασαι συμβουλεύσων; Pl.Alc.1.106c
.2 c. Opt.,ἐ. ἂν μάλα τοι σχεδὸν ἔλθοι Il.9.304
, cf. S.Aj. 916; so after past tenses on the principle of orat. obliq., ἐπείπερ ἡγήσαιντο since (as they said) they believed, X.Mem.1.4.19.3 c. Inf. in orat. obliq.,ἐ. γιγνώσκειν γε αὐτά Pl.Prt. 353a
, cf. Hdt.8.111, Th.2.93.4 in elliptical expressions, ἀδύνατός [εἰμι], ἐ. ἐβουλόμην ἂν οἷός τ' εἶναι I am unable (and yet I am sorry), for I should like to have the power, Pl.Prt. 335c; so εἶμι· ἐ. καὶ ταῦτ' ἂν ἴσως οὐκ ἀηδῶς σου ἤκουον ibid. (here the sense may be given by and yet, although, cf. ib. 333c, 317a, Ap. 19e, Smp. 187a, Arist.EN 1121a19); ἐ. ὅ γε ἀποθανὼν πελάτης τις ἦν ἐμός and yet (moreover) the murdered man was my own hired man, Pl. Euthphr.4c.b sts. after a voc., where 'listen' may be supplied,Ἕκτορ, ἐ. με κατ' αἶσαν ἐνείκεσας Il.3.59
, cf. 13.68, Od.3.103, 211.5 with other Particles, ἐ. ἄρα, ἐ. ἂρ δή since then, Od.17.185; ἐ. γε (ἐπεί.. γε Il.1.352
, Hes. Th. 171), more emphatic than ἐ., since indeed, E.Cyc. 181, Hipp. 955; ἐπειδή γε ib. 946, Pl.Phd. 77d, D.54.29; sts. separated,ἐπειδή.. γε S.El. 631
, Pl.Phd. 87c;ἐ. γε δή Hdt.3.9
, S.Ant. 923,ἐπειδή γε καί Th.6.18
; ἐ. ἦ since in truth,ἐ. ἦ πολὺ φέρτερόν ἐστι Il.1.169
, cf. 156, Od.9.276; ἐπείπερ (ἐ... περ Il.13.447
, Od.20.181) in Trag. and Prose, A.Ag. 822, S.OC75, Pl.Phd. 114d; ἐπειδήπερ in Com. and Prose, Ar.Ach. 437, 495, Nu. 1412, Th.6.18, Pl.R. 350e; ἐ. τοι since surely, S.OC 433;ἐ. νύ τοι Il.1.416
;ἐ. τοι καί E. Med. 677
, Pl.R. 567e. [ἐ. sts. begins a verse in Hom., Il.22.379, Od. 4.13, 8.452, 21.25; sts. coalesces by synizesis with οὐ, οὐδέ, etc., S. Ph. 446, 948, etc.] -
19 ὁμότεχνος
ὁμό-τεχνος, ον,II as Subst., fellow-workman, Hdt.2.89, Pl.Prt. 328a, Xenarch.7.15 ;ὁ ὁ. τινός Pl. Chrm. 171c
, cf. D.22.58, Aristaenet.1.19 ;οὐδεὶς τῶν ὁ. μου Alex. 173.7
: as title applied to the good physician, Hp.Praec.7.2 neut. ὁμότεχνον, τό, guild, τῶν λαναρίων Keil-Premerstein Zweiter Bericht No. 217(ii A.D.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὁμότεχνος
-
20 ὕπτιος
A laid on one's back, freq. in Hom., esp. of one falling backwards, opp.πρηνής, πολλοὶ δὲ πρηνεῖς τε καὶ ὕπτιοι ἔκπεσον Il.11.179
;ὁ δ' ὕ. ἐν κονίῃσι.. πέσε 15.434
, cf. 4.522, al., S.OT 811;τὸν δ' ὕ. ὦσ' ἀπὸ δουρός Il.16.863
; ἄλλοτ' ἐπὶ πλευρὰς κατακείμενος, ἄλλοτε δ' αὖτε ὕ., ἄλλοτε δὲ πρηνής, of Achilles in his grief, 24.11; ὕ. ἀποθανέειν to die lying on one's back, Hdt.4.190;ῥέγκει.. ὕ. Ar.Eq. 104
;ὕπτιον καθεύδειν οὐδενὶ βέλτιόν ἐστιν Diocl. Fr.141
;κατεκλίνη ὕ. Pl.Phd. 117e
, cf. Sor.2.87, al., Gal.18(2).56, al.;ὑ. ἀνατετραμμένος Pl.Euthd. 278c
; of a quadruped, ὀρθοῦ ἑστεῶτος.. καὶ ὑπτίου standing upright and lying on its back, Hdt.2.38, cf. AP5.202 (Asclep.).II ὕ. μέρη, in animals, the under parts, i.e. the belly, opp. τὰ πρανῆ (the upper parts, the back), Arist. PA 658a16, al., cf.πρανής 11
: hence Thphr.HP1.10.2, 3.14.2 uses ὕπτιος of the smoother upper surface of leaves, opp. πρανής of the rougher and under: γαστὴρ ὑ. the belly uppermost, E.Cyc. 326; of the hand, ἐκτείνειν τὴν χεῖρ' ὑ. to hold out the hand with the under side uppermost, to hold out the hollow of the hand, so as to receive something, Ar.Ec. 782;τὴν χεῖρα νῦν μὲν ὑ., νῦν δὲ πρηνῆ προτείνας Plu.Tim.11
;τῆς χειρὸς ὑ. τὸ μέσον Id.Crass.18
;ὑ. ταῖς χερσὶν ὑποδέχεσθαί τι Philostr.Im.1.6
;ἐδέξαντο ὑπτίαις χερσὶ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων στρατόν Procop.Goth.3.16.19
;οὐλὴ καρπῷ δεξιῷ ὑπτίῳ PLond. 2.259.81
(i A. D.); also ὑ. τὰς χεῖρας ἀνατείνειν lift the upturned hands in prayers, Plu.Comp.Phil.Flam.2, cf. Philostr.Im.2.1;ταῖς χερσὶν ὑπτίαις διαλέγεσθαι D.Chr.33.52
; ἐξ ὑπτίας νεῖν swim or float on one's back, Ar.Fr. 665, Pl.R. 529c.III generally, of anything turned downside up, πάλος ἐξ ὑπτίου 'πήδησεν.. κράνους from the upturned helmet, with the hollow uppermost, A.Th. 459 (cf. Il.7.176); παράθες νυν ὑ. αὐτὴν ἐμοί (sc. τὴν ἀσπίδα) Ar.Ach. 583, cf. Lys. 185, Th.7.82; ἁψῖδος ἥμισυ ὕπτιον a half-wheel with the concave side uppermost, Hdt.4.72; but κύλιξ ὑ. a cup with the bottom uppermost, Ar.Lys. 195; ὑπτίοις σέλμασιν ναυτίλλεται he sails with the benches upside down, i.e. suffers shipwreck, S.Ant. 716;κεῖσθαι ὥσπερ γάμμα ὕ. X.Oec.19.9
;σχαλίδες Id.Cyn.6.7
; περιφέρεια κοίλη καὶ ὑ., opp. πρηνὴς καὶ κυρτή, Arist.Mete. 350a11.2 ἐξ ὑπτίας ἀνάπαλιν διανεῖν τὸν λόγον trace the argument backwards from the conclusion, Pl.Phdr. 264a, cf. Herm. in Phdr.p.187A.; ἐξ ὑπτίας backwards, in reverse order,ἀπὸ τῶν ἐσχάτων ἐπὶ τὰ πρῶτα ἐπανιόντες Dam.Pr.81
;ἐξ ὑπτίας χωροῦντες Procl.Hyp.7.57
.IV of land, flat, horizontal, Hdt.2.7, Thphr.CP5.12.7, App.BC4.2, Mith.42, Ael.NA16.15, Plu. 2.193e, 530a;ἐν ὑπτίῳ τοῦ ὄρους Paus.8.13.1
; ὕ. μᾶλλον ἢ ὄρθιος, of a flight of shallow steps, Luc.Hipp.5; of the sea, smooth, Philostr. Im.2.17, Lib.Descr.7.5.V metaph., supine, lazy, careless, Aristid. Or.31(11).5, Id.2.112J., Poll.1.158, etc.; ἔστω.. μὴ ὕ. ὁ τράχηλος his neck should not be relaxed, Zeno Stoic.1.58;δεῖ αὐτῷ καὶ αὐχένος ὀρθοῦ καὶ βλέμματος οὐχ ὑπτίου Lib.Or.64.103
;προσφέρομαι τῶν αὐστηρῶν τι.. ὅταν αἴσθωμαί ποθ' ὕ. [τὸν στόμαχον] γεγονότα καὶ πλησίον ἥκοντα ναυτίας Gal.6.601
, cf. 15.460; of language, flat, tedious, D.H.Isoc. 15, Din.8, Hermog.Stat.3, etc. Adv., ὑπτίως ἔχειν to be flat and dull, Ph.1.305;ὑ. καὶ οὐ ποιητικῶς ᾖσεν Philostr.Her.2.19
.
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