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1 'μῇ
ἀ̱μῇ, ἁμός 1fem dat sg (attic epic ionic)ἀ̱μῇ, ἀμάω 1reap corn: pres subj mp 2nd sg (doric)ἀ̱μῇ, ἀμάω 1reap corn: pres ind mp 2nd sg (doric aeolic)ἀ̱μῇ, ἀμάω 1reap corn: pres subj act 3rd sg (doric)ἀ̱μῇ, ἀμάω 1reap corn: pres ind act 3rd sg (doric aeolic)ἀμῇ, ἀμάω 2draw: pres subj mid 2nd sg (epic doric)ἀμῇ, ἀμάω 2draw: pres ind mid 2nd sg (epic doric aeolic)ἐμῇ, ἐμέωvomit: fut ind mid 2nd sgἐμῇ, ἐμέωvomit: pres subj mp 2nd sgἐμῇ, ἐμέωvomit: pres ind mp 2nd sgἐμῇ, ἐμέωvomit: pres subj act 3rd sgἐμῇ, ἐμόςmine: fem dat sg (attic epic ionic)ἀμῇ, ἡμόςfem dat sg (attic epic ionic aeolic) -
2 ἀκοντίζω
1 throw, make a castοἷά τε χερσὶν ἀκοντίζοντες αἰχμαῖς, καὶ λιθίνοις ὁπότ' ἐν δίσκοις ἵεν I. 1.24
met. of song. εὔχομαι ταύταν ἀρετὰν κελαδῆσαι σὺν Χαρίτεσσιν, ὑπὲρ πολλῶν τε τιμαλφεῖν λόγοις νίκαν, ἀκοντίζων σκοποἶ ἄγχισταΜοισᾶν N. 9.55
μακρὰ δισκήσαις ἀκοντίσσαιμι τοσοῦθ' ὅσον ὀργὰν λτ;γτ;εινοκράτης ὑπὲρ ἀνθρώπων γλυκεῖαν ἔσχεν (τὸν ἐμὸν λόγον ῥίψαις ὑπερβαλοῦμαι τοὺς ἄλλους. Σ.) I. 2.35 -
3 ἀκίνητος
-ος,-ον + A 1-0-0-1-1=3 Ex 25,15; Jb 39,26; 3 Mc 6,19unmoved, motionless Jb 39,26; im-movable, hard to move Ex 25,15 -
4 αἰολάομαι
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > αἰολάομαι
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5 αἰγυπιός
A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > αἰγυπιός
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6 ἄκαστος
Grammatical information: m.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: One assumes *ἄκαρ-στος, cognate with Lat. ăcer, - ris `maple', OHG ahorn (which is connected with ἄκαρνα δάφνη H., q.v.), Gallorom. * akar(n)os `id.' (Hubschmied Rev. celt. 50, 263f.). See Osthoff Etym. Parerga 1, 187ff.; W.-Hofmann s. 1. acer, Pok. 20. For the fomation cf. πλατάνιστος; cf. Chantr. Form. 302 (where the derivation from *- id-to- may be wrong). - However, plant names are often borrowed, and the formation is unclear. Fur. 371 compares κάστον ξύλον, Άθαμᾶνες H. For the meaning cf. (164) σφένδαμνον ξύλον H. His further comparison (343) with κόστον `wooden parts of a wagon' is less certain (he further points to Basque gastigaŕ `maple').Page in Frisk: 1,51Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄκαστος
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7 γαληνιάω
γαληνιάω (s. γαλήνη; Anth. Pal. 5, 35, 7 [Rufinus c. 130 A.D.]; Orphica) be clear, be calm τὰ ὕδατα ταῦτα γαληνιῶντα καὶ σκιρτῶντα these waters calm and then dancing GJs 3:3 in imagery of a period of sterility followed by the joy of conception. -
8 ακρωτήριο
capeΕλληνικά-Αγγλικά νέο λεξικό (Greek-English new dictionary) > ακρωτήριο
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9 λέγω
λέγω =⟩ λέχω (A),λέγω (A),------------------------------------λέγω (B),A pick up, etc.: tenses for signf. 1 and 11, [tense] fut.λέξω Od.24.224
: [tense] aor. :—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. in pass. sense : [tense] aor.ἐλεξάμην Il.21.27
(trans.); [dialect] Ep.ἐλέγμην Od.9.335
;λέκτο 4.451
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor.ἐλέχθην Il.3.188
: also post-Hom. in these senses, but only in compos., esp. with ἀπο-, ἐκ-, κατα-, συν-; post-Hom. [tense] pf. εἴλοχα (κατ-, συν-), [voice] Pass. εἴλεγμαι, in these senses rarely λέλεγμαι (v. the compds.); also [tense] fut. λεγήσομαι ( συλ-): [tense] aor. 2 ἐλέγην (κατ-, συν-):—gather, pick up,ὀστέα.. λέγωμεν Il.23.239
, cf. Od.24. 72, Pi.P.8.53; αἱμασιάς τε λέγων picking out stones for building walls, Od.18.359 (ubi v. Sch., cf.λογάς 2
), cf. 24.224:—[voice] Med., gather for oneself,ἐπὶ δὲ ξύλα πολλὰ λέγεσθε Il.8.507
;ὀστέα λευκὰ λέγοντο 24.793
;φάρμακα λέξασθαι A.R.3.807
.2 [voice] Med., choose for oneself, pick out,λέξαιτο.. ἄνδρας ἀρίστους Od.24.108
;κούρους Il.21.27
:—[voice] Pass., to be chosen,εἰ.. λεγοίμεθα πάντες ἄριστοι 13.276
.II count, tell, ἐν δ' ἡμέας λέγε κήτεσιν he counted us among the seals, Od.4.452; and in [tense] aor. [voice] Med., Il.2.125; ἐγὼ πέμπτος μετὰ τοῖσιν ἐλέγμην I reckoned myself.., Od.9.335; λέκτο δ' ἀριθμόν he told him over the number, 4.451:—[voice] Pass., μετὰ τοῖσιν ἐλέχθην I was counted among these, Il.3.188.b so, but not freq., after Hom.,λ. ποντιᾶν ψάφων ἀριθμόν Pi.O.13.46
, cf. A.Ag. 570;καθ' ἓν ἕκαστον λ. Isoc.2.45
; also καὶ σὲ δ' ἐν τούτοις λέγω count you among.., A.Pr. 973; λ. τινὰ οὐδαμοῦ count him as naught, S.Ant. 183; κέρδος λ., εἰ .. count it gain, that.., ib. 462:—[voice] Med., λέξατο πάντας [ναύτας] Pi.P.4.189:—[voice] Pass.,λέγεσθαι ἐν τοῖς ἱππικωτάτοις X.Oec.11.20
;ἐνὶ πρώτῃσι λέγεσθαι Call.Del.16
: [tense] fut. [voice] Med. in pass. sense, l.c.2 recount, tell over,οὔ τι διαπρήξαιμι λέγων ἐμὰ κήδεα Od.14.197
;σὺ δέ μοι λέγε θέσκελα ἔργα 11.374
;τὰ ἕκαστα λέγων 12.165
; ὅσα τ' αὐτὸς.. ἐμόγησε, πάντ' ἔλεγ' 23.308: so in Trag., λ. τύχας, πάθη, μόχθους, etc., A.Pr. 633, Pers. 292, Ag. 555, etc.; also Ἀγαμέμνονι.. λέγ' ὀνείδεα repeated reproaches against him, Il.2.222; so perh.ψεύδεα πολλὰ λ. Hes.Th.27
(but v. infr. 111):—[voice] Med., τί σε χρὴ ταῦτα λέγεσθαι; why need'st thou tell the tale thereof? Il.13.275; and so, μηκέτι ταῦτα λεγώμεθα νηπύτιοι ὥς ib. 292, cf. Od.3.240, 13.296;μηκέτι νῦν δήθ' αὖθι λεγώμεθα Il.2.435
.III say, speak, first in Hes.Th.27 (v. supr.11.2): [tense] fut.λέξω Emp.38.1
, A.Ag. 859, Hdt.4.14, Th.2.48, Antipho 6.33, etc.: [tense] aor.ἔλεξα Anacr.45
, Pl.Sph. 217e, Antipho 1.15 (rare in Pl. and the Orators, common in some dialects, as Boeotian, IG7.504.2 ([place name] Tanagra), Thessalian, ib.9(2).461.21, Ionic, v.l. in Hp.Aër. 12): [tense] pf.λέλεχα Gal.16.249
, λέλεγα andλέλογας Hsch.
( εἴρηκα in correct writers):—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.λεχθήσομαι Th.5.86
, Pl.Ti. 67c, etc.: also [tense] fut. [voice] Med. in pass. sense, S.OC 1186, E.Hec. 906 (lyr.), etc.; andλελέξομαι Th.3.53
(v.l. λέξεται), Pl.R. 457b: [tense] aor. ἐλέχθην (never ἐλέγην in this sense) S.OT 1442, Th.6.32, etc.: [tense] pf.λέλεγμαι Pi.N.8.20
, Hdt.2.21, S.Ph. 389, etc. ( εἴλεγμαι in this sense only in compd. δι-): rare in compds. (only ἀντιλέγω, ἐπιλέγω, καταλέγω, προλέγω), the [tense] pres. in most compds. being supplied by ἀγορεύω, the [tense] fut. by ἐρῶ, the [tense] aor. by εἶπον, the [tense] pf. by εἴρηκα:1 say, speak, never in Hom., first in Hes. l.c., freq. from Hdt. and Trag. downwds.; of all kinds of oral communications,ἐκέλευε λέγειν εἴ τι θέλοι Hdt.8.58
; so λέγοις ἄν speak, say on, Pl.Plt. 268e, etc.;λ. μῦθον A.Pers. 698
(troch.);ψευδῆ λ. Id.Ag. 625
;ἀληθῆ λ. Pl.Phlb. 12b
(so in [voice] Pass.,λόγος λέλεκται πᾶς S.Ph. 389
); of oracles, say, declare, Hdt.8.136; ὥσπερ τοὔνομα λέγει indicates, Pl. Prt. 312c: with Preps.,λ. ἀμφί τινος A.Th. 1017
, E.Hec. 580;περί τινος Xenoph.34.2
, Democr.165, S.Aj. 151 (anap.), Th.2.48; ὑπέρ τινος in his defence, S.El. 555, X.HG1.7.16; κατά τινος against him, Thgn.1240a, X.HG1.5.2; λ. ἐπί τισι εὐχὰς ἀγαθάς express good wishes for them, A.Supp. 625 (anap.); λ. τά τινος take his part, D.8.64; λ. πρός τι in reference or in answer to.., S.Ant. 753, etc.;εἴς τι X.Mem. 1.5.1
.2 c. acc. et inf., say that.., Pi.P.2.59, etc.: with neg. οὐ, Pl.R. 348c, etc., but μή ib. 346e, X.Smp.4.5 ([voice] Pass.), and usu. in later Gr., LXX Ge.38.22;λ. μὴ εἶναι ἀνάστασιν Ev.Matt.22.23
: freq. also folld. by ὡς, ὅτι (generally so in the [voice] Act. voice) when the subject of the relative clause may become the object of the principal Verb, γυναῖκα λέγουσιν, ὡς κάθηται .. X.Cyr.7.3.5, etc.: rarely c. part., λ. Οἰδίπουν ὀλωλότα speak of him as dead, S.OC 1580;λέγουσιν ἡμᾶς ὡς ὀλωλότας A.Ag. 672
;λέξασ' ἀδελφῷ σ' ἐνθάδ' ὄντα E.Hel. 888
:—[voice] Pass.,λέξεται ἔχων Id.IT 1047
, cf. A.Ag. 170 (cj.).3 λέγειν τινά τι say something of another, esp. κακὰ λ. τινά speak ill of him, revile him, Hdt.8.61;ἀγαθὰ λ. τινάς Ar.Ec. 435
; τὰ ἔσχατα, τὰ ἀπόρρητα λ. ἀλλήλους, X.Mem.2.2.9, D.18.123; also εὖ or κακῶς λ. τινά, A.Ag. 445 (lyr.), S.El. 524, cf. 1028;εὖ λ. τὸν εὖ λέγοντα X.Mem.2.3.8
.4 call by name,ἃς τρέμομεν λ. S.OC 128
(lyr.): c. dupl. acc., call so and so, , cf. S.OC 939 codd., Hdt.1.32, etc.5 λ. τινὰ ποιεῖν τι tell, command one to do, A.Ch. 553, S.Ph. 101, X.Cyr.4.1.22, etc.: so with τινι, S.OC 840, D.19.150 (no obj. expressed in A.Ag. 925, S.OC 856); λέγε τὸν ἐρωτῶντα ἵνα.. εἴπῃ σοι .. Astramps.Orac.p.1 H.;ὡς ὁ νόμος λέγει D.22.20
;ὁ λέγων μὴ μοιχεύειν Ep.Rom.2.22
.6 λ. τι say something, i.e. speak to the point or purpose, βούλῃ λέγειν τι, καὶ λέγων μηδὲν κλύειν; S.Ant. 757; λέγω τι; am I right? the answer being λέγεις, Id.OT 1475;κινδυνεύεις τι λέγειν Pl.Cra. 404a
;ἴσως ἄν τι λέγοις X.Mem.2.1.12
, cf. Cyr.1.4.20; opp. οὐδὲν λέγει has no meaning, no authority,οὐδὲν λ. τὸ σωφρόνως τραφῆναι Ar.Eq. 334
, cf. V.75; οὐδὲν λέγεις nonsense! Id.Th. 625; but οὐδὲν λέγειν, also, say what is not, lie, Id.Av.66, Pl. Ap. 30b; also εὖ γε λέγεις, εὖ λέγεις, εὖ ἂν λέγοις, good news!, that is well!, ib. 24e, Grg. 447b, Prt. 310b; καλῶς, ὀρθῶς λ., you are right, X. Mem.3.3.4, 3.6.8; κοὔπω λέγω and what is more, Herod.7.44; τί λέγεις; τὸν ἔποπα παῖ καλεῖς; Ar.Av.57, cf. Ec. 298 (lyr.).7 pleon.,ἔφη λέγων Hdt.3.156
, 5.36;ἔλεγε φάς Id.1.122
;ἔφασκε λέγων Ar.Av. 472
;ἦ δ' ὃς λέγων Id.V. 795
;ὡς ἔφη λέγων S.Aj. 757
;καὶ λέγων εἶπεν οὕτω πως D.8.74
, etc.8 at the beginning of letters or documents, Ἄμασις Πολυκράτεϊ ὧδε λέγει.., Μαρδόνιος τάδε λέγει .., etc., Hdt.3.40, 8.140. ά, etc.;τὰ γράμματα ἔλεγε τάδε Id.1.124
, etc.; γράμμασι λέγον τάδε, of an inscription, Th.6.54: in roman edicts,Μάρκος Μέττιος Ῥοῦφος.. λέγει POxy. 237 viii 28
(i A.D.).9 wish to say, mean, ; τί τοῦτο λέγει, πρὸ Πύλοιο; what does mean?Ar.
Eq. 1059, cf. 1021, 1375, Ec. 989, Pl. Phd. 60e: freq. in Platonic dialogue, πῶς λέγεις; how do you mean? in what sense do you say this? Ap. 24e, al.; ἢ πῶς λέγομεν; or what do we mean to say? Grg. 480b; πῶς δὴ οὖν αὐτὸ λέγεις; Phdr. 265c; ποῖόν τί ποτε ἄρα λέγοντ ές φασι .. what they can possibly mean by saying.., Tht. 181c, al.: c. dupl. acc., , al.: freq. (esp. in Trag.) to explain more fully, εἴσω κομίζου καὶ σύ, Κασάνδραν λέγω you, I mean Cassandra, A.Ag. 1035;ὁ μάντις, υἱὸν Οἰκλέους λ. Id.Th. 609
, cf. 658 (v.l.), Pr. 946;ποταμός, Ἀχελῷον λέγω S.Tr.9
, cf. 1220, Ph. 1261, E.Ph. 987; ἐμὲ λέγων meaning me, Isoc.12.215;τὸ δ' ὑμεῖς ὅταν λέγω, τὴν πόλιν λ. D.18.88
: sts., however, the word after λέγω is put in appos. with the word to be expld.,Ἀντικλείας.., τῆς σῆς λέγω τοι μητρός A.Fr. 175
, cf. Th. 658 cod. M;περὶ τῶνδε.., λέγω δὲ Φωκέων D.19.152
;παρ' ὧν.., τούτων τῶν τὴν Ἀσίαν οἰκούντων λέγω Id.8.24
, cf. Pl.Smp. 202b: abs.,μηδενὸς ὄντος ἐν [τῇ χώρᾳ] λέγω D.1.27
.b περὶ ἃς (sc. ἀπολαύσεις) λέγομεν τὸν σώφρονα in regard to which we use the term 'temperate', Arist.EN 1148a5, cf. Pl.Grg. 494b.10 ὡς λέγουσι as they say, S.Ant.23, etc.;ὡς λ. μοι Id.OC 1161
:—[voice] Pass., λέγεται it is said, c.acc.et inf., X.Mem.1.2.30, al.; but also πατρὸς λέγεται γενέσθαι .. Id.Cyr.1.2.1; θανεῖν ἐλέχθη he was said to have been killed, S.OT 292; soλεγόμενον ἐρέω Pi.P.5.108
: τὸ λεγόμενον abs., as the saying goes, Th.7.68, cf. Pl.Grg. 447a, Smp. 217e, etc.;τὸ λ. δὴ τοῦτο Id.Grg. 514e
: ὁ λεγόμενος γραῶν ὕθλος the so-called.., Id.Tht. 176b;οἱ λ. αὐτόνομοι εἶναι X.HG6.3.8
; οἱ λ. ὅτι .. of whom it is said that.., Id.Cyr.8.6.16.11 of orators, speak (emphatically),λέγειν δεινός S.OT 545
, X.Cyr.1.5.9, etc.;λέγειν ἠσκηκότες S.Fr. 963
, cf. Eup.95 (v. λαλέω); λ. τε καὶ πράσσειν δυνατώτατος Th.1.139
;οἱ ἐν τῷ πλήθει λέγειν δυνάμενοι Isoc.3.8
, cf. D.19.286; plead one's cause in a court of law, Id.23.78; δίκας λέγειν ὑπέρ τινος speak as an advocate for.., Din.1.111.12 boast of, tell of,τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ῥώμην X.Cyr.1.3.10
; in Poets, sing of,θέλω λ. Ἀτρείδας Anacreont.23.1
.13 recite what is written,λαβὲ τὸ βιβλίον καὶ λέγε Pl.Tht. 143c
; and freq. in Oratt., asλέγε τὸν νόμον D.21.8
and 10, etc.; of lectures,ἀκούσατέ μου σχόλια λέγοντος Arr.Epict.3.21.6
, cf. 15.8 (the sense of Lat. lego, read, occurs only in the compds. ἀναλέγομαι, ἐπιλέγομαι).16 nominate, Lat. dicere [dictatorem], D.C.Fr.36.26 ([voice] Pass.). (Cf. Lat. lègo, legio, legulus ('olivegatherer').) -
10 λέχω
λέγω =⟩ λέχω (A),λέγω (A),------------------------------------λέγω (B),A pick up, etc.: tenses for signf. 1 and 11, [tense] fut.λέξω Od.24.224
: [tense] aor. :—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. in pass. sense : [tense] aor.ἐλεξάμην Il.21.27
(trans.); [dialect] Ep.ἐλέγμην Od.9.335
;λέκτο 4.451
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor.ἐλέχθην Il.3.188
: also post-Hom. in these senses, but only in compos., esp. with ἀπο-, ἐκ-, κατα-, συν-; post-Hom. [tense] pf. εἴλοχα (κατ-, συν-), [voice] Pass. εἴλεγμαι, in these senses rarely λέλεγμαι (v. the compds.); also [tense] fut. λεγήσομαι ( συλ-): [tense] aor. 2 ἐλέγην (κατ-, συν-):—gather, pick up,ὀστέα.. λέγωμεν Il.23.239
, cf. Od.24. 72, Pi.P.8.53; αἱμασιάς τε λέγων picking out stones for building walls, Od.18.359 (ubi v. Sch., cf.λογάς 2
), cf. 24.224:—[voice] Med., gather for oneself,ἐπὶ δὲ ξύλα πολλὰ λέγεσθε Il.8.507
;ὀστέα λευκὰ λέγοντο 24.793
;φάρμακα λέξασθαι A.R.3.807
.2 [voice] Med., choose for oneself, pick out,λέξαιτο.. ἄνδρας ἀρίστους Od.24.108
;κούρους Il.21.27
:—[voice] Pass., to be chosen,εἰ.. λεγοίμεθα πάντες ἄριστοι 13.276
.II count, tell, ἐν δ' ἡμέας λέγε κήτεσιν he counted us among the seals, Od.4.452; and in [tense] aor. [voice] Med., Il.2.125; ἐγὼ πέμπτος μετὰ τοῖσιν ἐλέγμην I reckoned myself.., Od.9.335; λέκτο δ' ἀριθμόν he told him over the number, 4.451:—[voice] Pass., μετὰ τοῖσιν ἐλέχθην I was counted among these, Il.3.188.b so, but not freq., after Hom.,λ. ποντιᾶν ψάφων ἀριθμόν Pi.O.13.46
, cf. A.Ag. 570;καθ' ἓν ἕκαστον λ. Isoc.2.45
; also καὶ σὲ δ' ἐν τούτοις λέγω count you among.., A.Pr. 973; λ. τινὰ οὐδαμοῦ count him as naught, S.Ant. 183; κέρδος λ., εἰ .. count it gain, that.., ib. 462:—[voice] Med., λέξατο πάντας [ναύτας] Pi.P.4.189:—[voice] Pass.,λέγεσθαι ἐν τοῖς ἱππικωτάτοις X.Oec.11.20
;ἐνὶ πρώτῃσι λέγεσθαι Call.Del.16
: [tense] fut. [voice] Med. in pass. sense, l.c.2 recount, tell over,οὔ τι διαπρήξαιμι λέγων ἐμὰ κήδεα Od.14.197
;σὺ δέ μοι λέγε θέσκελα ἔργα 11.374
;τὰ ἕκαστα λέγων 12.165
; ὅσα τ' αὐτὸς.. ἐμόγησε, πάντ' ἔλεγ' 23.308: so in Trag., λ. τύχας, πάθη, μόχθους, etc., A.Pr. 633, Pers. 292, Ag. 555, etc.; also Ἀγαμέμνονι.. λέγ' ὀνείδεα repeated reproaches against him, Il.2.222; so perh.ψεύδεα πολλὰ λ. Hes.Th.27
(but v. infr. 111):—[voice] Med., τί σε χρὴ ταῦτα λέγεσθαι; why need'st thou tell the tale thereof? Il.13.275; and so, μηκέτι ταῦτα λεγώμεθα νηπύτιοι ὥς ib. 292, cf. Od.3.240, 13.296;μηκέτι νῦν δήθ' αὖθι λεγώμεθα Il.2.435
.III say, speak, first in Hes.Th.27 (v. supr.11.2): [tense] fut.λέξω Emp.38.1
, A.Ag. 859, Hdt.4.14, Th.2.48, Antipho 6.33, etc.: [tense] aor.ἔλεξα Anacr.45
, Pl.Sph. 217e, Antipho 1.15 (rare in Pl. and the Orators, common in some dialects, as Boeotian, IG7.504.2 ([place name] Tanagra), Thessalian, ib.9(2).461.21, Ionic, v.l. in Hp.Aër. 12): [tense] pf.λέλεχα Gal.16.249
, λέλεγα andλέλογας Hsch.
( εἴρηκα in correct writers):—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.λεχθήσομαι Th.5.86
, Pl.Ti. 67c, etc.: also [tense] fut. [voice] Med. in pass. sense, S.OC 1186, E.Hec. 906 (lyr.), etc.; andλελέξομαι Th.3.53
(v.l. λέξεται), Pl.R. 457b: [tense] aor. ἐλέχθην (never ἐλέγην in this sense) S.OT 1442, Th.6.32, etc.: [tense] pf.λέλεγμαι Pi.N.8.20
, Hdt.2.21, S.Ph. 389, etc. ( εἴλεγμαι in this sense only in compd. δι-): rare in compds. (only ἀντιλέγω, ἐπιλέγω, καταλέγω, προλέγω), the [tense] pres. in most compds. being supplied by ἀγορεύω, the [tense] fut. by ἐρῶ, the [tense] aor. by εἶπον, the [tense] pf. by εἴρηκα:1 say, speak, never in Hom., first in Hes. l.c., freq. from Hdt. and Trag. downwds.; of all kinds of oral communications,ἐκέλευε λέγειν εἴ τι θέλοι Hdt.8.58
; so λέγοις ἄν speak, say on, Pl.Plt. 268e, etc.;λ. μῦθον A.Pers. 698
(troch.);ψευδῆ λ. Id.Ag. 625
;ἀληθῆ λ. Pl.Phlb. 12b
(so in [voice] Pass.,λόγος λέλεκται πᾶς S.Ph. 389
); of oracles, say, declare, Hdt.8.136; ὥσπερ τοὔνομα λέγει indicates, Pl. Prt. 312c: with Preps.,λ. ἀμφί τινος A.Th. 1017
, E.Hec. 580;περί τινος Xenoph.34.2
, Democr.165, S.Aj. 151 (anap.), Th.2.48; ὑπέρ τινος in his defence, S.El. 555, X.HG1.7.16; κατά τινος against him, Thgn.1240a, X.HG1.5.2; λ. ἐπί τισι εὐχὰς ἀγαθάς express good wishes for them, A.Supp. 625 (anap.); λ. τά τινος take his part, D.8.64; λ. πρός τι in reference or in answer to.., S.Ant. 753, etc.;εἴς τι X.Mem. 1.5.1
.2 c. acc. et inf., say that.., Pi.P.2.59, etc.: with neg. οὐ, Pl.R. 348c, etc., but μή ib. 346e, X.Smp.4.5 ([voice] Pass.), and usu. in later Gr., LXX Ge.38.22;λ. μὴ εἶναι ἀνάστασιν Ev.Matt.22.23
: freq. also folld. by ὡς, ὅτι (generally so in the [voice] Act. voice) when the subject of the relative clause may become the object of the principal Verb, γυναῖκα λέγουσιν, ὡς κάθηται .. X.Cyr.7.3.5, etc.: rarely c. part., λ. Οἰδίπουν ὀλωλότα speak of him as dead, S.OC 1580;λέγουσιν ἡμᾶς ὡς ὀλωλότας A.Ag. 672
;λέξασ' ἀδελφῷ σ' ἐνθάδ' ὄντα E.Hel. 888
:—[voice] Pass.,λέξεται ἔχων Id.IT 1047
, cf. A.Ag. 170 (cj.).3 λέγειν τινά τι say something of another, esp. κακὰ λ. τινά speak ill of him, revile him, Hdt.8.61;ἀγαθὰ λ. τινάς Ar.Ec. 435
; τὰ ἔσχατα, τὰ ἀπόρρητα λ. ἀλλήλους, X.Mem.2.2.9, D.18.123; also εὖ or κακῶς λ. τινά, A.Ag. 445 (lyr.), S.El. 524, cf. 1028;εὖ λ. τὸν εὖ λέγοντα X.Mem.2.3.8
.4 call by name,ἃς τρέμομεν λ. S.OC 128
(lyr.): c. dupl. acc., call so and so, , cf. S.OC 939 codd., Hdt.1.32, etc.5 λ. τινὰ ποιεῖν τι tell, command one to do, A.Ch. 553, S.Ph. 101, X.Cyr.4.1.22, etc.: so with τινι, S.OC 840, D.19.150 (no obj. expressed in A.Ag. 925, S.OC 856); λέγε τὸν ἐρωτῶντα ἵνα.. εἴπῃ σοι .. Astramps.Orac.p.1 H.;ὡς ὁ νόμος λέγει D.22.20
;ὁ λέγων μὴ μοιχεύειν Ep.Rom.2.22
.6 λ. τι say something, i.e. speak to the point or purpose, βούλῃ λέγειν τι, καὶ λέγων μηδὲν κλύειν; S.Ant. 757; λέγω τι; am I right? the answer being λέγεις, Id.OT 1475;κινδυνεύεις τι λέγειν Pl.Cra. 404a
;ἴσως ἄν τι λέγοις X.Mem.2.1.12
, cf. Cyr.1.4.20; opp. οὐδὲν λέγει has no meaning, no authority,οὐδὲν λ. τὸ σωφρόνως τραφῆναι Ar.Eq. 334
, cf. V.75; οὐδὲν λέγεις nonsense! Id.Th. 625; but οὐδὲν λέγειν, also, say what is not, lie, Id.Av.66, Pl. Ap. 30b; also εὖ γε λέγεις, εὖ λέγεις, εὖ ἂν λέγοις, good news!, that is well!, ib. 24e, Grg. 447b, Prt. 310b; καλῶς, ὀρθῶς λ., you are right, X. Mem.3.3.4, 3.6.8; κοὔπω λέγω and what is more, Herod.7.44; τί λέγεις; τὸν ἔποπα παῖ καλεῖς; Ar.Av.57, cf. Ec. 298 (lyr.).7 pleon.,ἔφη λέγων Hdt.3.156
, 5.36;ἔλεγε φάς Id.1.122
;ἔφασκε λέγων Ar.Av. 472
;ἦ δ' ὃς λέγων Id.V. 795
;ὡς ἔφη λέγων S.Aj. 757
;καὶ λέγων εἶπεν οὕτω πως D.8.74
, etc.8 at the beginning of letters or documents, Ἄμασις Πολυκράτεϊ ὧδε λέγει.., Μαρδόνιος τάδε λέγει .., etc., Hdt.3.40, 8.140. ά, etc.;τὰ γράμματα ἔλεγε τάδε Id.1.124
, etc.; γράμμασι λέγον τάδε, of an inscription, Th.6.54: in roman edicts,Μάρκος Μέττιος Ῥοῦφος.. λέγει POxy. 237 viii 28
(i A.D.).9 wish to say, mean, ; τί τοῦτο λέγει, πρὸ Πύλοιο; what does mean?Ar.
Eq. 1059, cf. 1021, 1375, Ec. 989, Pl. Phd. 60e: freq. in Platonic dialogue, πῶς λέγεις; how do you mean? in what sense do you say this? Ap. 24e, al.; ἢ πῶς λέγομεν; or what do we mean to say? Grg. 480b; πῶς δὴ οὖν αὐτὸ λέγεις; Phdr. 265c; ποῖόν τί ποτε ἄρα λέγοντ ές φασι .. what they can possibly mean by saying.., Tht. 181c, al.: c. dupl. acc., , al.: freq. (esp. in Trag.) to explain more fully, εἴσω κομίζου καὶ σύ, Κασάνδραν λέγω you, I mean Cassandra, A.Ag. 1035;ὁ μάντις, υἱὸν Οἰκλέους λ. Id.Th. 609
, cf. 658 (v.l.), Pr. 946;ποταμός, Ἀχελῷον λέγω S.Tr.9
, cf. 1220, Ph. 1261, E.Ph. 987; ἐμὲ λέγων meaning me, Isoc.12.215;τὸ δ' ὑμεῖς ὅταν λέγω, τὴν πόλιν λ. D.18.88
: sts., however, the word after λέγω is put in appos. with the word to be expld.,Ἀντικλείας.., τῆς σῆς λέγω τοι μητρός A.Fr. 175
, cf. Th. 658 cod. M;περὶ τῶνδε.., λέγω δὲ Φωκέων D.19.152
;παρ' ὧν.., τούτων τῶν τὴν Ἀσίαν οἰκούντων λέγω Id.8.24
, cf. Pl.Smp. 202b: abs.,μηδενὸς ὄντος ἐν [τῇ χώρᾳ] λέγω D.1.27
.b περὶ ἃς (sc. ἀπολαύσεις) λέγομεν τὸν σώφρονα in regard to which we use the term 'temperate', Arist.EN 1148a5, cf. Pl.Grg. 494b.10 ὡς λέγουσι as they say, S.Ant.23, etc.;ὡς λ. μοι Id.OC 1161
:—[voice] Pass., λέγεται it is said, c.acc.et inf., X.Mem.1.2.30, al.; but also πατρὸς λέγεται γενέσθαι .. Id.Cyr.1.2.1; θανεῖν ἐλέχθη he was said to have been killed, S.OT 292; soλεγόμενον ἐρέω Pi.P.5.108
: τὸ λεγόμενον abs., as the saying goes, Th.7.68, cf. Pl.Grg. 447a, Smp. 217e, etc.;τὸ λ. δὴ τοῦτο Id.Grg. 514e
: ὁ λεγόμενος γραῶν ὕθλος the so-called.., Id.Tht. 176b;οἱ λ. αὐτόνομοι εἶναι X.HG6.3.8
; οἱ λ. ὅτι .. of whom it is said that.., Id.Cyr.8.6.16.11 of orators, speak (emphatically),λέγειν δεινός S.OT 545
, X.Cyr.1.5.9, etc.;λέγειν ἠσκηκότες S.Fr. 963
, cf. Eup.95 (v. λαλέω); λ. τε καὶ πράσσειν δυνατώτατος Th.1.139
;οἱ ἐν τῷ πλήθει λέγειν δυνάμενοι Isoc.3.8
, cf. D.19.286; plead one's cause in a court of law, Id.23.78; δίκας λέγειν ὑπέρ τινος speak as an advocate for.., Din.1.111.12 boast of, tell of,τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ῥώμην X.Cyr.1.3.10
; in Poets, sing of,θέλω λ. Ἀτρείδας Anacreont.23.1
.13 recite what is written,λαβὲ τὸ βιβλίον καὶ λέγε Pl.Tht. 143c
; and freq. in Oratt., asλέγε τὸν νόμον D.21.8
and 10, etc.; of lectures,ἀκούσατέ μου σχόλια λέγοντος Arr.Epict.3.21.6
, cf. 15.8 (the sense of Lat. lego, read, occurs only in the compds. ἀναλέγομαι, ἐπιλέγομαι).16 nominate, Lat. dicere [dictatorem], D.C.Fr.36.26 ([voice] Pass.). (Cf. Lat. lègo, legio, legulus ('olivegatherer').) -
11 οὗτος
οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο (Hom.+) demonstrative pron., used as adj. and subst. On its use s. B-D-F §290 al.; W-S. §23; Rob. 697–706; Mlt-Turner 192f; cp. Schwyzer II 208–10.① as subst., the person or thing comparatively near at hand in the discourse material, this, this one (contrast ἐκεῖνος referring to someth. comparatively farther away; cp. Lk 18:14; Js 4:15; Hm 3:5)ⓐ gener.α. w. ref. to someth. here and now, directing attention to it (Appian, Liby. 62 §276 οὗτος=this man here [referring to one who is present; s. Schwyzer II 208]. Cp. Pherecrates Com. 134 K. οὗτος πόθεν ἦλθες;=‘you there, where did you come from?’; cp. ὦ οὗτος οὗτος Aristoph., Vesp. 1364; TestAbr B 6 p. 110, 17 [Stone p. 68] οὗτός ἐστιν τῶν τριῶν ἀνδρῶν εἷς ‘he is one of the three men’; TestJob 30:2 οὗτός ἐστιν he’s the one) οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱός μου Mt 3:17; 17:5; Mk 9:7; Lk 7:44ff; J 1:15, 30; Ac 2:15; 4:10; 2 Pt 1:17 and oft. τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου this is my body (s. εἰμί 2cα end) Mt 26:26; Mk 14:22; Lk 22:19 (ÉDelebecque, Études grecques sur l’évangile de Luc ’76, 109–21); 1 Cor 11:24. τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου Mt 26:28; Mk 14:24.—W. a connotation of contempt (Ael. Aristid. 53 p. 628 D.: ὦ οὗτος=O you poor fellow! Likew. Maximus Tyr. 37, 8d; in refutation Just., D. 39, 4; 128, 2) Lk 5:21; 7:39, 49; 15:30 (Reader, Polemo 325); 22:59; J 6:42, 52. Contexts suggest a related nuance in Mt 13:55f (JosAs 4:13 οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ποιμένος … ;); 21:10; Mk 6:2f; J 7:15. (Other reff. Rob. 697; s. also 2a below.)—Cp. Mt 21:11; Ac 9:21.β. w. ref. to someth. that has immediately preceded, this one (who has just been mentioned) Lk 1:32; J 1:2; 6:71; 2 Ti 3:6, 8.—At the beginning of a narrative concerning a pers. already mentioned Mt 3:3; Lk 2:36, 37 v.l., 38 v.l.; 7:12 v.l.; 8:42 v.l.; 16:1; J 1:41; 3:2; 12:21; 21:21a; Ac 21:24; Ro 16:2 v.l.; 1 Cor 7:12 (on the interchange of αὐτή and αὕτη s. B-D-F §277, 3).—Emphasizing a pers. already mentioned this (very) one Mt 21:11; J 9:9; Ac 4:10 (ἐν τούτῳ); 9:20; 1J 5:6; 2 Pt 2:17. καὶ τοῦτον ἐσταυρωμένον and him as the crucified one 1 Cor 2:2. καὶ τούτους ἀποτρέπου avoid such people (as I have just described) 2 Ti 3:5. καὶ οὗτος this one (just mentioned) also Hb 8:3 (JosAs 7:3 καὶ αὕτη).γ. w. ref. to a subject more remote in the paragraph, but closer to the main referent under discussion (W-S. §23, 2; Rob. 702f) Ac 4:11; 7:19; 2J 7; Jd 7 rebellious angels vs. 6).δ. w. ref. to what follows: w. a relative foll. οὗτος ὅς Lk 5:21. οὗτοί εἰσιν οἵτινες 8:15. οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ ἐπὶ τὰ πετρώδη σπειρόμενοι, οἳ … these are the ones sowed on the rocky ground, who … Mk 4:16. ταύτην … εἰς ἣν στῆτε 1 Pt 5:12. οὗτοι … ὅπου Mk 4:15 s. ὅπου 1aα.—W. ὅτι foll.: αὕτη ἐστιν ἡ κρίσις ὅτι J 3:19; cp. 1J 1:5; 5:11, 14.—W. ἵνα foll.: αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ ἐντολὴ ἡ ἐμή, ἵνα J 15:12; cp. 17:3; 1J 3:11, 23; 5:3; 2J 6ab. τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ ἔργον, τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ, ἵνα J 6:29, 39f.—W. inf. foll. Js 1:27.—W. ptc. foll. (ApcSed 15:5; Just., D. 2, 1; Mel., P. 68, 486) οὗτος ὁ ἀνοίξας J 11:37. οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ τὸν λόγον ἀκούσαντες these are the ones who have heard the word Mk 4:18. ἀδελφοί μου οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ … ἀκούοντες καὶ ποιοῦντες Lk 8:21.—W. subst. foll. αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ νίκη … ἡ πίστις ἡμῶν 1J 5:4.ε. Resuming someth. previously mentioned, w. special emphasis—a subst.: Μωϋσῆν, ὸ̔ν ἠρνήσαντο … τοῦτον ὁ θεὸς … Moses, whom they rejected, … is the very one whom God Ac 7:35 (Ps.-Callisth. 2, 16, 10 Δαρεῖος …, οὗτος). τῶν ἀνδρῶν … ἕνα τούτων of the men … one of these (very men) Ac 1:21f. οὐ τὰ τέκνα τ. σαρκὸς ταῦτα τέκνα τ. θεοῦ Ro 9:8; cp. vs. 6. ἕκαστος ἐν τῇ κλήσει ᾗ ἐκλήθη, ἐν ταύτῃ μενέτω in this (very one) 1 Cor 7:20. Cp. J 10:25; Ac 2:23; 4:10; Ro 7:10; Gal 3:7.—A relative clause: ὸ̔ς ἂν ποιήσῃ καὶ διδάξῃ, οὗτος … Mt 5:19.—Mk 3:35; 6:16; Lk 9:24b, 26; J 3:26; Ro 8:30. διʼ ἧς σαρκὸς … διὰ ταύτης AcPl Ha 2, 15. ὸ̔ …, τοῦτο Ac 3:6; Ro 7:15f, 19f; Gal 6:7. ἃ …, ταῦτα J 8:26; Gal 5:17b; Phil 4:9; 2 Ti 2:2. ὅστις …, οὗτος Mt 18:4. ἅτινα …, ταῦτα Phil 3:7. ὅσοι …, οὗτοι Ro 8:14; Gal 6:12.—A ptc.: ὁ ὑπομείνας, οὗτος σωθήσεται Mt 10:22.—13:20, 22; 24:13; 26:23; Mk 12:40; Lk 9:48; J 6:46; 15:5; Ac 15:38; 1 Cor 6:4.—After εἴ τις Ro 8:9; 1 Cor 3:17; 8:3; Js 1:23; 3:2.—ὅσα ἐστὶν ἀληθῆ, ὅσα σεμνά, ὅσα … (ὅσα six times altogether), εἴ τις ἀρετὴ καὶ εἴ τις ἔπαινος, ταῦτα λογίζεσθε Phil 4:8.—After ἐάν τις J 9:31. After ὅταν Ro 2:14. After καθώς J 8:28.—After the articular inf. εἰ τὸ ζῆν ἐν σαρκί, τοῦτο … Phil 1:22.ζ. used w. αὐτός: αὐτὸς οὗτος he himself Ac 25:25. Pl. 24:15, 20. On αὐτὸ τοῦτο 2 Pt 1:5 s. αὐτός 1g and Schwyzer II 211.η. As a subject, the demonstr. can take on the gender of its predicate (W-S. §23, 5; Rob. 698): τὸ καλὸν σπέρμα, οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας Mt 13:38. Cp. Lk 8:14f.—Mt 7:12; Lk 2:12; 8:11; 22:53; J 1:19; Ro 11:27 (Is 59:21); 1 Cor 9:3; Gal 4:24.ⓑ In particular, the neut. is used (for the fem. sg. Mk 12:11; Mt 21:42 [both Ps 117:23] s. B-D-F 138, 2)α. w. ref. to what precedes: Lk 5:6; J 6:61; Ac 19:17. As the obj. of a verb of saying (Jos., Vi. 291, Ant. 20, 123 al.) Lk 24:40; J 6:6; 7:9; 8:6; 12:33; 18:38 al.—Freq. w. preposition (cp. Johannessohn, Präp. 383 [index]): διὰ τοῦτο cp. διά B 2b. εἰς τοῦτο cp. εἰς 4f. ἐκ τούτου cp. ἐκ 3e (=‘for this reason’ also PRyl 81, 24). ἐν τούτῳ for this reason J 16:30; Ac 24:16; 1 Cor 4:4; 2 Cor 5:2; by this 1J 3:19. ἐπὶ τούτῳ s. ἐπί 18b. μετὰ τοῦτο cp. μετά B 2c. τούτου χάριν (PAmh 130, 6 [I A.D.]; Just., D. 1, 2) Eph 3:14.—The pl. summarizes what precedes: Lk 8:8; 11:27; 24:26; J 5:34; 15:11; 21:24 and oft.—On Midrashic use in Ac, s. EEllis, BRigaux Festschr., ’70, 303–12.β. w. ref. to what follows, esp. before clauses that express a statement, purpose, result, or condition, which it introduces: τοῦτο λέγω w. direct discourse foll. this is what I mean Gal 3:17; in ellipsis τοῦτο δέ the point is this 2 Cor 9:6; w. ὅτι foll. 1 Cor 1:12. τοῦτό φημι ὅτι 7:29 v.l.; 15:50. τοῦτο γινώσκειν, ὅτι Lk 10:11; 12:39; Ro 6:6; 2 Ti 3:1; 2 Pt 1:20; 3:3. (Just., D. 110, 1). λογίζῃ τοῦτο, ὅτι …; Ro 2:3; ὁμολογῶ τοῦτο, ὅτι Ac 24:14. εἰδὼς τοῦτο, ὅτι understanding this, that 1 Ti 1:9. τοῦτο ἔχεις, ὅτι Rv 2:6.—W. ἵνα foll.: πόθεν μοι τοῦτο, ἵνα ἔλθῃ ἡ μήτηρ … ; Lk 1:43. Cp. J 6:29, 39.—W. a prep. ἐν τούτῳ, ὅτι Lk 10:20; J 9:30 (v.l. τοῦτο); 1J 3:16, 24; 4:9, 10. περὶ τούτου, ὅτι J 16:19. διὰ τοῦτο, ὅτι for this reason, (namely) that 5:16, 18; 8:47. εἰς τοῦτο, ἵνα J 18:37; Ac 9:21; Ro 14:9; 2 Cor 2:9 al. διὰ τοῦτο, ἵνα 13:10; 1 Ti 1:16; Phlm 15. ἐν τούτῳ, ἵνα J 15:8; 1J 4:17. ἐν τούτῳ ἐάν J 13:35; 1J 2:3. ἐν τούτῳ, ὅταν 5:2.—Before an inf. τοῦτο κέκρικεν …, τηρεῖν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ παρθένον 1 Cor 7:37. Cp. 2 Cor 2:1. Before an inf. w. acc. Eph 4:17. Even introducing a foll. subst.: τοῦτο εὐχόμεθα, τὴν ὑμῶν κατάρτισιν 2 Cor 13:9.—On αὐτὸ τοῦτο cp. αὐτός 1g.γ. καὶ τοῦτο and at that, and especially (B-D-F §290, 5; 442, 9; W-S. §21, 4; Rob. 1181f) Ro 13:11; 1 Cor 6:6, 8; Eph 2:8. καὶ ταῦτα (also Pla. et al.; s. Kühner-G. I 647) passing over fr. and at that to although (Jos., Ant. 2, 266) Hb 11:12.δ. indicating a correspondence: τοῦτο μὲν … τοῦτο δέ sometimes … sometimes, not only … but also (Att.) Hb 10:33 (Tat. 23, 2).ε. τοῦτʼ ἔστιν, τουτέστι(ν) (on the orthography s. B-D-F §12, 3; 17) that is or means (B-D-F §132, 2; Rob. 705. S. also εἰμί 2cα) Mt 27:46; Mk 7:2; Ac 1:19; 19:4; Ro 7:18; 9:8; 10:6, 7, 8; Phlm 12. Hb 2:14 al. Cp. Ro 1:12 (w. δέ).ζ. An unfavorable connotation (this tone is noticed by Ps.-Demetr. c. 289 in the Κρατερὸν τοῦτον [in Demetrius of Phalerum]) is assumed (after GBernhardy, Wissenschaftl. Syntax der griech. Sprache 1829, 281, by Heinrici; JWeiss; EFascher, V. Verstehen d. NT 1930, 126 al. ad loc.; differently W-S. §23, 9; cp. Rob. 704) καὶ ταῦτά τινες ἦτε and that is the sort of people you were, at least some of you 1 Cor 6:11.② as adj., pert. to an entity perceived as present or near in the discourse, thisⓐ coming before a subst. (or subst. expr.) with the article (B-D-F §292; W-S. §23, 10; Rob. 700f) ἐν τούτῳ τῷ αἰῶνι Mt 12:32. Cp. 16:18; 20:12; Mk 9:29; Lk 7:44; J 4:15; Ac 1:11; Ro 11:24; 1 Ti 1:18; Hb 7:1; 1J 4:21; Rv 19:9; 20:14 al. W. a touch of contempt Lk 18:11; cp. 14:30; 15:30 (s. also 1aα).ⓑ following the subst. that has the art.: ἐκ τῶν λίθων τούτων Mt 3:9. Cp. 5:19; Mk 12:16; Lk 11:31; 12:56; J 4:13, 21; Ac 6:13; Ro 15:28; 1 Cor 1:20; 2:6; 11:26; 2 Cor 4:1, 7; 8:6; 11:10; Eph 3:8; 5:32; 2 Ti 2:19; Rv 2:24. (Freq. the position of οὗτος varies, somet. before, somet. after the noun, in mss.; s. the apparatus in Tdf. on the following vv.ll.: Mk 14:30; J 4:20; 6:60; 7:36; 9:24; 21:23 al.) Somet. another adj. stands w. the noun ἀπὸ τῆς γενεᾶς τῆς σκολιᾶς ταύτης Ac 2:40. ἡ χήρα αὕτη ἡ πτωχή Lk 21:3. Cp. πάντα τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα 2:19, 51 v.l.ⓒ The art. is sometimes lacking: μάθημα τοῦτʼ αὐτοῖς ἐστιν εὑρημένον Dg 5:3. In such case there is no real connection betw. the demonstrative and the noun, but the one or the other belongs to the predicate (B-D-F §292; W-S. §23, 12; Rob. 701f) ταύτην ἐποίησεν ἀρχὴν τῶν σημείων J 2:11 (s. 4:54 below). τοῦτο ἀληθὲς εἴρηκας 4:18.—So esp. in combination w. numerical statement; the noun without the art. is to be taken as part of the predicate: οὗτος μὴν ἕκτος ἐστίν this is the sixth month Lk 1:36. αὕτη ἀπογραφὴ πρώτη ἐγένετο this was the first census 2:2. τοῦτο πάλιν δεύτερον σημεῖον ἐποίησεν J 4:54 (s. 2:11 above). τρίτην ταύτην ἡμέραν this is the third day (s. ἄγω 4) Lk 24:21 (Achilles Tat. 7, 11, 2 τρίτην ταύτην ἡμέραν γέγονεν ἀφανής; Menand., Epitr. 244f S.=68f Kö.; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 13, 3). τοῦτο τρίτον ἐφανερώθη this was the third time that he appeared J 21:14. τρίτον τοῦτο ἔρχομαι this will be the third time that I am coming 2 Cor 13:1; cp. 12:14 (cp. Hdt. 5, 76 τέταρτον δὴ τοῦτο; Gen 27:36 δεύτερον τοῦτο.—Num 14:22; Judg 16:15).—More intricate: οὐ μετὰ πολλὰς ταύτας ἡμέρας not many days from now Ac 1:5 (Alciphron 1, 14, 2; Achilles Tat. 7, 14, 2 ὡς ὀλίγων πρὸ τούτων ἡμερῶν; POxy 1121, 12 [295 A.D.]; B-D-F §226; Rob. 702). Most difficult of all περὶ μιᾶς ταύτης φωνῆς Ac 24:21 (cp. POxy 1152, 5 βοήθι ἡμῖν καὶ τούτῳ οἴκῳ. B-D-F §292; W-S. §20, 10c; Rob. 702 ins).—DELG. M-M. -
12 ὑπέρ
1 prep., (anastrophe P. 4.26, N. 3.21, N. 7.42, I. 6.3, fr. 292, Δ. 4. a. 4.)a c. acc.,I above, over, acrossἀβάπτιστος εἶμι φελλὸς ὣς ὑπὲρ ἕρκος ἅλμας P. 2.80
πανδείματοι μὲν ὑπὲρ πόντιον Ἕλλας πόρον ἱερόν (sc. ἔφυγον simm.) fr. 189.II beyond, exceedingβροτῶν φάτις ὑπὲρ τὸν ἀλαθῆ λόγον δεδαιδαλμένοι ψεύδεσι ποικίλοις ἐξαπατῶντι μῦθοι O. 1.28
b c. gen.,I over, acrossὑπὲρ πολιᾶς ἁλὸς πέμπεται P. 2.68
“ φέρομεν νώτων ὕπερ γαίας ἐρήμων ἐννάλιον δόρυ” P. 4.26 “ καὶ μέλλεις ὑπὲρ πόντου Διὸς ἔξοχον ποτὶ κᾶπον ἐνεῖκαι” P. 9.52ἐγὼ μὲν ὑπὲρ χθονὸς ὑπέρ τ' ὠκεανοῦ Pae. 8.14
( ἡ δὲ διάνοια πέτεται) τᾶς τε γᾶς ὑπένερθε οὐρανοῦ θ' ὕπερ fr. 292.II aboveἐπειδὴ τὸν ὑπὲρ κεφαλᾶς γε Ταντάλου λίθον παρά τις ἔτρεψεν ἄμμι θεός I. 8.9
χρύσεαι δ ἓξ ὑπὲρ αἰετοῦ ἄειδον Κηληδόνες Pae. 8.70
g beyond of distance ταί θ' ὑπὲρ Κύμας ἁλιερκέες ὄχθαι (i. e. Klippen vor Kyme, Fränkel: Pithecusae) P. 1.18ἀβάταν ἅλα κιόνων ὕπερ Ἡρακλέος περᾶν εὐμαρές N. 3.21
ἐὼν δ' ἐγγὺς Ἀχαιὸς οὐ μέμψεταί μ ἀνὴρ Ἰονίας ὑπὲρ ἁλὸς οἰκέων (Alii cum sch. Epirotas significari credunt, opinantes mare Adriaticum dici superius, Ionium inferius, Epirum autem adiacere Adriatico mari, h. e. supra Ionium esse, Dissen) N. 7.65 ὑπὲ]ρ Αὐσονία[ς ἁλὸς (of the Epizephyrian Locrians) fr. 140b. 6.IV of superiority, beyondμᾶκος δὲ Νικεὺς ἔδικε πέτρῳ χέρα κυκλώσαις ὑπὲρ ἁπάντων O. 10.72
ὑπὲρ πολλῶν τε τιμαλφεῖν λόγοις νίκαν N. 9.54
μακρὰ δισκήσαις ἀκοντίσσαιμι τοσοῦθ, ὅσον ὀργὰν λτ;γτ;εινοκράτης ὑπὲρ ἀνθρώπων γλυκεῖαν ἔσχεν I. 2.36
τί ἔλπεαι σοφίαν ἔμμεν, ἃν ὀλίγον τοι ἀνὴρ ὑπὲρ ἀνδρὸς ἴσχει fr. 61. 2.V on behalf ofκάρυξ ἀνέειπέ νιν ἀγγέλλων Ἱέρωνος ὑπὲρ καλλινίκου ἅρμασι P. 1.32
ἱκέτας Αἰακοῦ σεμνῶν γονάτων πόλιός θ' ὑπὲρ φίλας ἀστῶν θ ὑπὲρ τῶνδ ἅπτομαι N. 8.13
—4.κρατῆρα Μοισαίων μελέων κίρναμεν Λάμπωνος εὐαέθλου γενεᾶς ὕπερ I. 6.3
θύεται γὰρ ἀγλαᾶς ὑπὲρ Πανελλάδος Pae. 6.62
Ἀλαλά ᾇ θύεται ἄνδρες ὑπὲρ πόλιος fr. 78. 3.VI on account ofἵνα κρεῶν νιν ὕπερ μάχας ἔλασεν ἀντιτυχόντ' ἀνὴρ μαχαίρᾳ N. 7.42
ἆγε σὺν Τιρυνθίοισιν πρόφρονα σύμμαχον ἐς Τροίαν Λαομεδοντιᾶν ὑπὲρ ἀμπλακιᾶν I. 6.29
2 adv., above πατὴρ ὕπερ /κρέμασε καρτερὸν αὐτῷ λίθον O. 1.57
καὶ σκοπιαῖσιν [ἄκρ]αις ὀρέων ὕπερ ἔστα (sc. Ἀπόλλων: cf. Pae. 12.11) fr. 51a. 3.3 frag. ]ων ὕπερ Δ. 4. a. 4. -
13 μυκάομαι
Aἐμῡκησάμην Ar.Nu. 292
, Theoc.16.37: used by Hom. once in [tense] pres. part., Od.10.413, elsewh. in [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. μύκον [ῠ], [dialect] Ep. [tense] pf. μέμῡκα (also in A.Supp. 352 (lyr.)): [tense] plpf. ἐμεμύκειν orμεμύκειν Od.12.395
: [dialect] Ep. iterat. μύκεσκε only in EM624.40:—prop. of oxen, low, bellow, ὁ δὲ μακρὰ μεμυκώς [ὁ ταῦρος] Il.18.580;μεμυκὼς ἠΰτε ταῦρος 21.237
;πόριες.. μυκώμεναι Od.10.413
, cf. A.l.c., E.Ba. 738; of a calf, Theoc.l.c.; of Heracles in agony, E.HF 870 (troch.: so comically,ἔβλεψεν δριμὺ κἀμυκᾶτο Ar.Ra. 562
);οἷον μυκτὴρ μυκᾶται Id.V. 1488
;μάτηρ κεφαλὰν μυκήσατο παιδὸς ἑλοῖσα Theoc.26.20
;ὥσπερ λέων μ. Apoc.10.3
.2 of things,πύλαι μύκον οὐρανοῦ Il.5.749
;μέγα δ' ἀμφὶ πύλαι μύκον 12.460
; of a shield, μέγα δ' ἀμφὶ σάκος μύκε δουρὸς ἀκωκῇ rang, 20.260; of meat, ἀμφ' ὀβελοῖσι μεμύκει bellowed upon the spits (a portent), Od.12.395;μέμυκε δὲ γαῖα καὶ ὕλη Hes.Op. 508
;βροντῆς μυκησαμένης Ar.Nu. 292
;κόχλον ἑλὼν μυκήσατο κοῖλον Theoc.22.75
:—rare in Prose, Pl.R. 396b, 615e, Arist.Mete. 368a25.—An [tense] aor. [voice] Act., [τυμπάνου] βαρὺ μυκήσαντος AP6.220.11
(Diosc.). (Onomatopoeic word.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μυκάομαι
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14 πέρνημι
Aπερνᾶσι Thgn.1215
, Hippon.46 ([ per.] 2sg. περνᾷς dub. in 52) ; part.περνάς Il.22.45
, Hippon.52 (v. l.), E.Cyc. 271 : [dialect] Ep. Iterat. [ per.] 3sg.πέρνασκε Il.24.752
: [dialect] Ep. [tense] fut. inf.περάαν 21.454
(but [tense] pres. περάω is wrongly inferred from forms like ἐπέρασσα): [tense] aor. ἐπέρασσα ib.40, Od.15.387 ; part.περάσαντες h.Cer. 132
; [tense] aor. opt. [ per.] 3sg. περάσειε [ᾰ] Od.14.297; [tense] aor. subj. [ per.] 2pl.περάσητε 15.453
, cf. ἀποπέρνημι ; also [tense] aor. (Samos, vi B. C.): [tense] pf.πέπρᾱκα Alex.146.1
, Is.7.31, etc. (v. infr.): [tense] plpf. ἐπεπράκειν [pron. full] [ᾱ] D.18.23 :—[voice] Pass., [tense] pres. [ per.] 3sg. , Hsch.: [tense] impf. [ per.] 3pl.ἐπέρναντο Pi.I.2.7
; part. περνάμενος [pron. full] [ᾰ] Il.18.292 : [tense] pf. part. onceπεπερημένος 21.58
; elsewh. the [tense] pf. is [dialect] Att. πέπρᾱμαι, A.Ch. 132, S.Ph. 978, etc., inf. , Pax 1011, And.1.73, etc.; [dialect] Ion.πέπρημαι Hdt.2.56
, imper. (Halic., V B.C.), inf. πεπρῆσθαι ib.38: [tense] plpf. : [tense] aor. Trag. and [dialect] Att. ἐπράθην [pron. full] [ᾱ] Sol.36.7, A.Ch. 915, And.1.133, etc.; [dialect] Ion.ἐπρήθην Hdt.1.156
, SIG229.5 (Erythrae, iv B. C.), etc.: [dialect] Att. [tense] fut. πεπράσομαι [pron. full] [ᾱ] Ar.V. 179, X.An.7.1.36, laterπρᾱθήσομαι Sopat.6
, LXX Le.25.23, etc., cf. Moer.p.294 P.: [dialect] Aeol. [tense] pres. inf. [full] πόρναμεν Hsch. (fort. πορνάμεναι): [tense] pres. part. [voice] Pass. πορνάμεναι Id.—In [dialect] Att. the usual [tense] pres. in act. sense is πωλέω, [tense] fut. ἀποδώσομαι, [tense] aor. ἀπεδόμην: from πέπρᾱμαι, ἐπράθην, etc. is formed the later [tense] pres. [voice] Pass. [full] πιπράσκομαι, first found in Lys.18.20, interpol. in Pl.Phd. 69b, Sph. 224a, and from this the [tense] pres. [voice] Act. [full] πιπράσκω first found in Luc.Asin.32: [tense] impf.ἐπίπρασκον Plu.2.178c
, Per.16; [dialect] Ion. [full] πιπρήσκω Call.Iamb.1.93, v.l. in Hp.Ep.17:— export for sale, in [dialect] Ep. usu. of exporting captives to foreign parts for sale as slaves,πολλοὺς ζωοὺς ἑλον ἠδὲ πέρασσα Il.21.102
, cf. Od.14.297; π. τινὰ Αῆμνον sell one to Lemnos, Il.21.40; ἐς Αῆμνον ib.58 ([voice] Pass.), 78;σέ γε.. νηυσὶν λάβον ἠδ' ἐπέρασσαν τοῦδ' ἀνδρὸς πρὸς δώμαθ' Od.15.387
; κατ' ἀλλοθρόους ἀνθρώπους ib. 453;δήσειν καὶ περάαν νήσων ἔπι τηλεδαπάων Il.21.454
;κτείνων καὶ περνὰς ν. ἔ. τ. 22.45
;πέρνασχ' ὅν τιν' ἕλεσκε πέρην ἁλὸς.. ἐς Σάμον 24.752
;οὐδ' ἡμᾶς περνᾶσι Thgn.
l. c., cf. Hippon.46; later also of other merchandise,ὡς χαραδριὸν περνάς Id.52
(v.l. μῶν.. περνᾷς;; τοῖς ξένοις τὰ χρήματα περνάντα σ' εἶδον E.Cyc. l. c.:—[voice] Pass.,κτήματα περνάμεν' ἵκει Il.18.292
, cf. Pi.I.2.7;πάντα.. πέρναται Ar.Eq. 176
.2 simply, sell (as always in the [dialect] Att. forms), l.c.:—[voice] Pass., to be sold, esp. for exportation, Sol. l. c., Hdt.1.156, A.Ch. 915, E. Ion 310 ; ἐς Αιβύην, ἐς Θεσπρωτούς, Hdt.2.54,56;ἐπ' ἐξαγωγῇ SIG45.38
(Halic., V B.C.); ὠνούμενά τε καὶ πιπρασκόμενα interpol. in Pl.Phd. 69b;τὸ ὠνηθὲν ἢ πραθέν Id.Lg. 850a
; πραθείσης ὀλίγου [τῆς πεντηκοστῆς] the tax of 2 per cent. having been sold or let for a small sum, And.1.133.II sell for a bribe, of political leaders,τοὺς πεπρακότας αὑτοὺς ἐκείνῳ D.10.63
, cf. 17.13;τὰ ὅλα πεπρακέναι Id.18.28
; τἆλλα πλὴν ἑαυτοὺς οἰομένοις πωλεῖν πρώτους ἑαυτοὺς πεπρακόσιν αἰσθέσθαι ib.46;τὴν πατρῴαν γῆν πεπρακέναι Din.1.71
;πεπρακότες τὴν τοῦ βίου παρρησίαν Alex.146.1
: metaph. in [voice] Pass., πέπραμαι I am bought and sold !, i. e. betrayed, ruined,πέπραμαι κἀπόλωλα S.Ph. 978
;εὐμορφίᾳ πραθεῖσα E.Tr. 936
. (Cogn. with περάω (A), πέραν, OIr. renaid 'he sells'.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πέρνημι
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15 προσβαίνω
προσβαίνω, [dialect] Dor. [pref] ποτι- Sophr. in Stud.Ital.10.123: [tense] fut. - βήσομαι: [tense] aor. 2 προσέβην: [tense] aor. [voice] Med. προσεβήσατο, [dialect] Ep.A- ετο Il.14.292
:— put one's foot against, Hom. (who uses only [tense] aor. [voice] Act. and [voice] Med.), ; πρὸς τὸ κάτω τοῦ τόξου τῷ ἀριστερῷ ποδὶ π., so as to get a purchase in drawing it, X.An.4.2.28; .2 approach, c. acc. loci, in Hom. mostly of mountains or heights,Ἥρη.. προσεβήσετο Γάργαρον ἄκρον Il.14.292
, cf. 2.48, 23.117, Od.21.5, Hes.Sc.33, A.Pr. 130 (lyr.), E.Alc. 480, etc.; ἐς ἄλσος, ἐς τὴν Αάκαιναν, S.OC 125 (lyr.), X.HG7.1.29; l.c.<*> c. dat., τῷ τείχει π. Pl.Phdr. 227d, etc.3 mount, ascend,κατά τι Hdt.1.84
, cf. Plb.7.17.4;πρὸς λόφον Id.1.30.10
, etc.; ὄρει π. climb up a mountain, of a town, Philostr.VA2.9;τοῦ ποταμοῦ πρὸς πάντα τὰ χώματα προσβαίνοντος PPetr.2p.22
(iii B.C.).4 abs., walk,π. μακράν S.Ph.42
.5 metaph., come upon, τίς σε.. προσέβη μανία; Id.OT 1300 (anap.);ἄλλοις ἄλλα π. ὀδύνα E.IT 195
(lyr.).c join a group,ἐπίκρισις τῶν -βαινόντων εἰς τοὺς ἀπὸ γυμνασίου POxy. 257.5
(i A.D.), cf. Sammelb.7440.10 (ii A.D.), etc.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προσβαίνω
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16 συλλέγω
A , etc.: [tense] pf.- είλοχα D.18.308
, 21.23, prob. in Dsc.Eup.2.168:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut.- λέξομαι Od.2.292
: [tense] aor. - ελεξάμην, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg.συλλέξατο Il.18.413
: [tense] pf., v. infr.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.- λεγήσομαι Aeschin.3.100
: [tense] aor.- ελέχθην Hdt.1.97
, etc., rare in [dialect] Att., Ar.Lys. 526 (anap.), Pl.Lg. 784a; [tense] aor. 2 - ελέγην being preferred, Ar.V. 1107, Ec. 116, Th.4.25, etc., and sts. in Hdt., 7.173, 9.27: [tense] pf. , Th.3.94, etc. (also in med. sense, X.Mem.4.2.1, Hyp.Eux.32, D.59.18); [ per.] 3pl.συνειλέχατο J. AJ17.10.2
; part. rarely - λελεγμένος, Hdt.7.26, 9.41, Ar.Ec.58, PTeb. 700.27 (ii B.C.):—bring together, collect, gather, [ κτέατα] Il.18.301;χρ]ήματα Alc.Supp.5.12
;ἀργύριον.. τοῦ ἐπετείου οὗ αὐτοὶ ξυνελέξαμεν IG12.301.32
; χαλκία συνλέξαντες ib.393; ; τὰ ὀστέα, τὸν λιβανωτόν, Hdt.1.68, 3.107;σ. σφίσι φερνάς Id.1.93
;φρύγανα X.An.4.3.11
;βίον ἄνευ πόνου E.El.81
;ἐράνους D.21.184
;παρὰ τῶν φίλων ἔρανον Antipho 2.2.9
;ἀμμώδη ἐν τῇ κύστει Dsc.5.118
, cf. Aët.15.12; σ. μονῳδίας, μέλη, compose, or rather compile, scrape together, Ar.Ra. 849, 1297, cf. Ach. 398;ῥήματα καὶ λόγους D. 18.308
; σ. ὕβρεις αὐτοῦ compile a list of them, Id.21.23: abs., ὁ μὲν γὰρ αὑτῷ συλλέγει collects for himself, Men.Kol.43; περιιόντα συλλέγειν to go about picking up information, D.21.36:—[voice] Med., collect for oneself, for one's own use, , cf. Ar. Pax 1327 (an[adot ]p.), Pl.R. 553c, Lg. 936c, etc.;ξυλλέγεται βίοτον Sol.13.50
:—[voice] Pass., αἷμα συλλέγεταί τινι ἐπὶ τοὺς τιτθούς gathers there, Hp.Epid.2.6.32, cf. Sor.1.55;ἁμαρτήματα.. συνειλεγμένα D.10.1
, etc.2 ἐκ τῆς ἀσθενείας σ. ἐμαυτόν rally myself, Pl. Ax. 370e:—[voice] Med.,σύλλεξαι σθένος E.Ph. 850
:—[voice] Pass.,ψυχὴν αὐτὴν εἰς αὑτὴν συλλέγεσθαι Pl.Phd. 83a
.3 [voice] Pass., come together, become customary,ἡ πολυλογία σ. αὐτῷ X.Cyr.1.4.3
.II of persons, collect, get together,στασιώτας Hdt.1.59
; ; ;ἐκκλησίαν X.HG3.3.8
; στρατόν raise or levy an army, Th.4.77, etc.:—[voice] Med.,ἑταίρους.. συλλέξομαι Od.2.292
;λόχον -ελέξατο X.An.7.4.8
:—[voice] Pass., come together, assemble, Hdt.1.81, 7.8, Lys. 24.19, etc.; ἐκεῖσε ς. And.1.133; εἰς ταὐτὸ ς. Pl.Lg. 961a.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συλλέγω
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17 ἐξελαύνω
A- ελῶ Hdt.4.148
, 5.63, IG12.39.4: [tense] pf. - ελήλᾰκα:—[dialect] Ep. [tense] pres. part. [full] ἐξελάων Od.10.83; inf.ἐξελάαν Il.8.527
, Od.11.292, Hes.Th. 491 (v.l. -άειν): Arc. [ per.] 1sg. [tense] pres. opt.ἐξελαύνοια IG5(2).343.65
(iv B.C.):—drive out,ἄντρου ἐξήλασε μῆλα Od.9.312
, cf. 227, 11.292: abs., drive afield, of a shepherd, 10.83.2 esp. drive out, expel from a place,μήτι.. ἡμέας ἐξελάσωσιν γαίης ἡμετέρης 16.381
;ἐξήλασέν με κἀπέκλῃσε δωμάτων A. Pr. 670
; πάτρας, χθονός, S.OC 376, 823; γῆς ἐκ πατρῴας ἐξελήλαμαι ib. 1292;ἐκ τῆς πατρίδος Hdt.5.91
;ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας Ar.Nu. 123
;ἐκ τῶν πόλεων Pl.Grg. 466d
;Τιτῆνας ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ Hes.Th. 820
;τὸ βάρβαρον ἐκ τῆς θαλάττης Pl.Mx. 241d
;ἐξεληλαμένος τῆς βουλῆς Plu.Cic.17
;ἐ. τινά
banish,Hdt.
1.60, Ar.Ach. 717, Pl.Ap. 30d:—[voice] Med., Th.4.35,7.5.3 drive out horses, etc., ἵππους ἐξέλασε Τρώων out of the ranks of the Trojans, Il.5.324, cf. 10.499;ἁρμάτων ὄχους E.Ph. 1190
:—[voice] Med., drive out one's horses,ἵππους ἐξελάσασθαι ὑφ' ἅρματι Theoc.24.119
(but, drive off captured cattle, Plb.4.75.7); ἐ. στρατόν, στρατιήν, lead out an army, Hdt.1.76, 7.38;ἐ. νῆα ὅρμου A.R.1.987
; lead out a procession,ἐ. τὸν Ἴακχον Plu.Alc.34
;θρίαμβον Id.Marc.22
: hence,b freq. with the acc. omitted, as if intr., ἐς δίφρον ὀρούσας ἐξέλασ' ἐς πληθύν he drove out, Il.11.360, etc.; ride out, Th.7.27, X.Cyr.1.3.3, etc.;ἐ. ἐκ τῶν ἄλλων ἱππέων Lys.20.28
; march out, Hdt.4.80, 8.113, etc.; go out, X.Cyr.8.3.1.4 expel, banish, get rid of a thing,τῶν ὀμμάτων τὸ αἰδούμενον Plu.2.654d
; by washing,κόνιν λαγόνων Call. Lav.Pall.6
.5 metaph., reject, Jul.Caes. 306c.III beat out metals,ἐ. ἡμιπλίνθια ἐκ χρυσοῦ Hdt.1.50
; ἐθηεῖτο σίδηρον ἐξελαυνόμενον ib.68, cf. 7.84;κέντρον ἐπὶ λεπτὸν ἐξεληλασμένον Plb. 6.22.4
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐξελαύνω
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18 ὑποβλήδην
2 in answer, A.R.1.699, 3.400, Q.S.2.147.3 speaking in turn, Coluth.146.II supposititiously,ὑ. ἐτέκοντο Man.6.292
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑποβλήδην
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19 ἐχῖνος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `hedgehog', also `sea-urchin', and metaph. as techn. term in several professions, e. g. `vessel', esp. `vessel to keep juridical documents', `the third stomach of ruminants', `the rounded part of the Dorian capital' (Ion.-Att.).Dialectal forms: Myc. ekino \/Ekhīnos\/.Compounds: As 1. member in ἐχινομήτρα `the greatest kind of see-urchin, Echinus melo' (Arist.; cf. Strömberg Wortstudien 23).Derivatives: Dimin.: ἐχινίς `vessel' (Hp.), - ίσκος `id.', also `hollow of the ear' (Poll.); ἐχίνιον plant-name (Dsc.); ἐχινέα, -ῆ `hedgehog-skin' (Hdn.), also vessel (Delos IIIa); ἐχινέες m. pl. a kind of Libyan spinous mouse (Hdt.); Έχῖναι or - άδες f. pl. name of a group of islands in the Ionian Sea (Β 635); - ἐχινώδης `rugged' (Arist., Str.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [292] *h₁eǵʰi- `hedgehog'Etymology: Prob. from ἔχις `snake' with suffixal -ῑνο- (i.e. - iHno-) (Chantraine Formation 204, Schwyzer 191 w. n. 2), so prop. "snake-animal" = "snake-eater" (Schulze in Lohmann Gnomon 11, 407) as tabu-word for χήρ (s. v.). An n-suffix also in the ablauting Arm. ozni `hedgehog' (IE *oǵh-ī̆n-i̯o-, evtl. -ē̆n-i̯o-); beside it with -l- Germ., e. g. OHG igil \< PGm. * eʒīla-. Balto-Slavic has a i̯o-deriv., e. g. Lit. ežỹs, Skr.-Csl. ježь, IE *eǵhi̯o-. Uncertain remains the interpretation of Phryg. εξις (= εζις?). - Litt. in Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. 1, 392, e. g. Specht KZ 66, 56f., Ursprung 39; Pok. 292; older litt. in Bq.Page in Frisk: 1,601Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐχῖνος
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20 πρεσβύτερος
πρεσβύτερος, α, ον (Hom.+; comp. of πρέσβυς)① pert. to being relatively advanced in age, older, oldⓐ of an individual person older of two ὁ υἱὸς ὁ πρ. (cp. Aelian, VH 9, 42; TestJob 15:2 τῷ ἀδελφῷ τῷ πρεσβυτέρῳ; JosAs; Just., A II, 6, 1) Lk 15:25; of Manasseh (w. Ephraim) B 13:5. In contrast to the younger generation οἱ πρεσβύτεροι the older ones J 8:9. Opp. οἱ νεανίσκοι Ac 2:17 (Jo 3:1). Opp. νεώτεροι (s. νεός 3aβ) 1 Ti 5:1 (similar advice, containing a contrast betw. πρ. and νεώτ., from ins and lit. in MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc.); 1 Pt 5:5 (though here the πρεσβύτεροι are not only the older people, but at the same time, the ‘elders’; s. 2bβ). The same double mng. is found for πρεσβύτεροι in 1 Cl 1:3 beside νέοι, while in 3:3; 21:6, beside the same word, the concept of being old is the dominant one (as Jos., C. Ap. 2, 206). On the disputed pass. Hv 3, 1, 8 (οἱ νεανίσκοι … οἱ πρεσβύτεροι) cp. MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc.—Fem. πρεσβυτέρα old(er) woman (opp. νεωτέρα, as Gen 19:31) 1 Ti 5:2.—With no ref. to younger persons, w. complete disappearance of the comparative aspect: πρεσβύτερος an old man (Jos., Ant. 13, 226; 292 [as a witness of events in the past, as Ps.-Pla., Virt. 3, 377b; 4, 377c]) Hv 3, 12, 2; cp. 3, 11, 3. The personified church is called λίαν πρεσβυτέρα very old 3, 10, 3; cp. 3, 11, 2. She appears as ἡ πρ. the elderly woman 2, 1, 3; 3, 1, 2; 3, 10, 6; 9 and has τὰς τρίχας πρεσβυτέρας the hair of an old woman 3, 10, 4; 5; 3, 12, 1.ⓑ of a period of time (Petosiris, Fgm. 3 and 4 mention οἱ πρεσβύτεροι and οἱ νεώτεροι. In both instances the context shows that the reference is to astrologers from earlier and more recent times) οἱ πρεσβύτεροι the men of old, our ancestors Hb 11:2. ἡ παράδοσις τῶν πρεσβυτέρων the tradition of the ancients (cp. Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 35, 253 τῶν π. συγγράμματα) Mt 15:2; Mk 7:3, 5 (ELohse, D. Ordination im Spätjudentum u. NT, ’51, 50–56: scholars).② an official (cp. Lat. senator), elder, presbyterⓐ among the Jews (the congregation of a synagogue in Jerusalem used πρεσβύτεροι to denote its officers before 70 A.D.: SEG VIII, 170, 9; cp. Dssm., LO 378–80 [LAE 439–41]).α. for members of local councils in individual cities (cp. Josh 20:4; Ruth 4:2; 2 Esdr 10:14; Jdth 8:10; 10:6) Lk 7:3; 1 Cl 55:4.—Schürer II, 185.β. for members of a group in the Sanhedrin (Schürer II, 206–8; JJeremias, Jerusalem z. Zt. Jesu II B 1: Die gesellschaftl. Oberschicht 1929, 88ff). They are mentioned together w. (the) other groups: ἀρχιερεῖς (Ac 4:5 has ἄρχοντες for this), γραμματεῖς, πρεσβύτεροι (the order is not always the same) Mt 16:21; 26:3 v.l.; 27:41; Mk 8:31; 11:27; 14:43, 53; 15:1; Lk 9:22; 20:1.—Only ἀρχιερεῖς (Ac 4:8 has for this ἄρχοντες τοῦ λαοῦ) and πρεσβύτεροι (τοῦ λαοῦ: cp. Ex 19:7; Num 11:16b, 24; 1 Macc 7:33; 12:35; Just., D. 40, 4 al.) Mt 21:23; 26:3, 47, 59 v.l.; 27:1, 3, 12, 20; 28:(11), 12; Lk 22:52 (here, as an exception, οἱ στρατηγοὶ τοῦ ἱεροῦ); Ac 4:23; 23:14; 25:15; cp. 24:1. Also οἱ πρεσβύτεροι καὶ οἱ ἱερεῖς GPt 7:25 (for this combination cp. Jos., Ant. 11, 83; 12, 406).—Only πρεσβύτεροι and γραμματεῖς Mt 26:57; Ac 6:12.—The use of πρεσβύτερος as a title among the Jews of the Diaspora appears quite late, except for the allusions in the LXX (cp. Schürer III/1, 102; MAMA III [Cilicia], 344; 448 [cp. ZNW 31, ’32, 313f]. Whether πρεσβύτερος is to be understood in the older Roman inscriptions [CIJ 378] as a title [so CIJ p. lxxxvi], remains doubtful).ⓑ among the Christians (for their use of the word as a title one must bear in mind not only the Jewish custom, but also its use as a t.t. among the ἔθνη, in connection w. associations of the ‘old ones’ [FPoland, Geschichte des griech. Vereinswesens 1909, 98ff] and to designate civic as well as religious officials [Dssm., B 153ff=BS 154–57, NB 60ff=BS 233–35, also LO 315, 5; HHausschildt, ZNW 4, 1903, 235ff; MStrack, ibid. 213ff; HLietzmann, ZWT 55, 1914, 116–32 [=Kl. Schr. I ’58, 156–69]; MDibelius, exc. on 1 Ti 5:17ff; RAlastair-Campbell, The Elders, Seniority within Earliest Christianity ’94.].—BGU 16, 6 [159 A.D.] πρεσβύτεροι ἱερεῖς θεοῦ Σοκνοπαίου; 347, 6; PVindBosw 1, 31 [87 A.D.].—As honorary title: Iren. 4, 26, 5 [Harv. II 238, 3]. The Engl. word ‘priest’ comes fr. πρεσβύτερος via Lat. presbyter; later Christian usage is largely, if not entirely, responsible for this development; s. OED s.v. ‘priest’ B).α. Ac 11:30; 14:23; 15:2, 4, 6, 22f; 16:4 (in all the places in Ac 15 and 16 mention is made of οἱ ἀπόστολοι καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι in the Jerusalem church); 20:17; 21:18; 1 Ti 5:17, 19 (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 103a Jac. νεωτέρῳ πρεσβυτέρου καταμαρτυρεῖν οὐκ ἔξεστι); Tit 1:5; Js 5:14; 1 Pt 5:1, 5 (s. 1a above); 1 Cl 44:5; 47:6; 54:2; 57:1. WWrede, Untersuchungen zum 1 Cl 1891, 8ff.—Acc. to 2 Cl 17:3, 5 exhortation and preaching in the church services were among their duties.—In Ign. the πρεσβύτεροι come after the bishop, to whom they are subordinate IMg 2; 3:1; 6:1, or betw. the bishop and the deacons IPhld inscr.; 10:2; IPol 6:1, or the higher rank of the bishop in comparison to them is made plain in some other way ITr 3:1; 12:2 (s. πρεσβυτέριον b; cp. Hippol., Ref. 9, 12, 22).—Polycarp—an ἐπίσκοπος, accord. to the title of the Ep. bearing his name—groups himself w. πρεσβύτεροι in Pol inscr., and further takes the presence of presbyters in Philippi for granted (beside deacons, though no ἐπίσκοπος is mentioned; cp. Hdb. on Pol inscr.) Pol 5:3.β. Just how we are to understand the words ὁ πρεσβύτερος, applied to himself by the author of the two smallest Johannine letters 2J 1; 3J 1, remains in doubt. But in any case it is meant to indicate a position of great dignity the elder.—HWindisch, exc. on 3J, end; ESchwartz, Über den Tod der Söhne Zebedaei 1904, 47; 51; HWendt, ZNW 23, 1924, 19; EKäsemann, ZTK 48, ’51, 292–311; DWatson, NTS 35, ’89, 104–30, rhetorical analysis of 2J.—ὁ πρ. and οἱ πρ. are mentioned by Papias in these much-discussed passages: 2:3, 4, 5, 7, 14, 15. For some of the lit. s. the note on JKleist’s transl. ’48, p. 207 n. 18.γ. In Rv there are 24 elders sitting on thrones about the throne of God; they form a heavenly council of elders (cp. Is 24:23) 4:4, 10; 5:5–14; 7:11, 13; 11:16; 14:3; 19:4. The elders have been understood as glorified human beings of some kind or astral deities (or angels) (for the var. views s. RCharles, ICC Rv I 128–33; JMichl, D. 24 Ältesten in d. Apk. d. hl. J. ’38); the number 24 has been referred to the following: the 24 priestly classes of the Jews (1 Ch 24:7–18; Jos., Ant. 7, 365–67) whose heads were called ‘elders’ (Yoma 1, 5; Tamid 1, 1; Middoth 1, 8); the 24 stars which, according to Babylonian belief, stood half on the north and half on the south of the zodiac (Diod S 2, 31, 4; POsl 4, 19: HGunkel, Z. religionsgesch. Verständnis des NT 1903, 42f; Boll 35f); the 24 hours of the day, represented as old men w. shining garments and w. crowns (acc. to the Test. of Adam [ed. CBezold, TNöldeke Festschr. 1906, 893–912]: JWellhausen, Analyse der Offb. Joh. 1907, p. 9, 1; NMorosof, Offb. Joh. 1912, 32); the 24 Yazatas in the state of the gods in heaven, acc. to Persian thought (Bousset). It is certainly an open question whether, or how far, the writer of Rv had any of these things in mind.—On the presbyters, and esp. on the question how ἐπίσκοπος and πρεσβύτερος were originally related to each other (a question which is raised particularly in the pastorals; cp. MDibelius, Hdb. exc. after 1 Ti 3:7 section 2 [w. lit.] and before 5:17), s. the lit. s.v. ἐπίσκοπος.—BEaston, Pastoral Epistles ’47, 188–97; WMichaelis, Das Ältestenamt ’53; GBornkamm, πρεσβύτερος; RCampbell, The Elders ’94.—B. 1472. DELG s.v. πρέσβυς. M-M. EDNT. TW.
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