-
81 λόγος
λόγος, ὁ, verbal noun of λέγω (B), with senses corresponding to λέγω (B) II and III (on the various senses of the word v. Theo Sm.pp.72,73 H., An.Ox.4.327): common in all periods in Prose and Verse, exc. Epic, in which it is found in signf. derived from λέγω (B) 111, cf.infr. VI. 1 a:1 account of money handled,σανίδες εἰς ἃς τὸν λ. ἀναγράφομεν IG12.374.191
; ἐδίδοσαν τὸν λ. ib.232.2;λ. δώσεις τῶν μετεχείρισας χρημάτων Hdt.3.142
, cf. 143;οὔτε χρήματα διαχειρίσας τῆς πόλεως δίδωμι λ. αὐτῶν οὔτε ἀρχὴν ἄρξας οὐδεμίαν εὐθύνας ὑπέχω νῦν αὐτῆς Lys.24.26
;λ. ἀπενεγκεῖν Arist.Ath.54.1
;ἐν ταῖς εὐθύναις τοῦ τοιούτου λ. ὑπεχέτω Pl.Lg. 774b
;τὸν τῶν χρημάτων λ. παρὰ τούτων λαμβάνειν D.8.47
;ἀδικήματα εἰς ἀργυρίου λ. ἀνήκοντα Din.1.60
; συνᾶραι λόγον μετά τινος settle accounts with, Ev.Matt.18.23, etc.; δεύτεροι λ. a second audit, Cod.Just.1.4.26.1; ὁ τραπεζιτικὸς λ. banking account, Theo Sm.p.73 H.: metaph.,οὐκ ἂν πριαίμην οὐδενὸς λ. βροτόν S.Aj. 477
.b public accounts, i. e. branch of treasury, ἴδιος λ., in Egypt, OGI188.2, 189.3, 669.38; also as title of treasurer, ib.408.4, Str.17.1.12;ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν λ. IPE2.29
A ([place name] Panticapaeum); δημόσιος λ., = Lat. fiscus, OGI669.21 (Egypt, i A.D.), etc. (but later, = aerarium, Cod.Just.1.5.15); alsoΚαίσαρος λ. OGI669.30
; κυριακὸς λ. ib.18.2 generally, account, reckoning, μὴ φῦναι τὸν ἅπαντα νικᾷ λ. excels the whole account, i.e. is best of all, S.OC 1225 (lyr.); δόντας λ. τῶν ἐποίησαν accounting for, i.e. paying the penalty for their doings, Hdt.8.100;λ. αἰτεῖν Pl.Plt. 285e
;λ. δοῦναι καὶ δέξασθαι Id.Prt. 336c
, al.;λαμβάνειν λ. καὶ ἐλέγχειν Id.Men. 75d
;παρασχεῖν τῶν εἰρημένων λ. Id.R. 344d
;λ. ἀπαιτεῖν D.30.15
, cf. Arist. EN 1104a3; λ. ὑπέχειν, δοῦναι, D.19.95;λ. ἐγγράψαι Id.24.199
, al.;λ. ἀποφέρειν τῇ πόλει Aeschin.3.22
, cf. Eu. Luc.16.2, Ep.Hebr.13.17;τὸ παράδοξον τῶν συμβεβηκότων ὑπὸ λόγον ἄγειν Plb.15.34.2
; λ. ἡ ἐπιστήμη, πολλὰ δὲ ὁ λ. the account is manifold, Plot.6.9.4; ἔχων λόγον τοῦ διὰ τί an account of the cause, Arist.APo. 74b27; ἐς λ. τινός on account of,ἐς χρημάτων λ. Th.3.46
, cf. Plb.5.89.6, LXX 2 Ma1.14, JRS 18.152 ([place name] Jerash); λόγῳ c. gen., by way of, Cod.Just.3.2.5. al.; κατὰ λόγον τοῦ μεγέθους if we take into account his size, Arist.HA 517b27;πρὸς ὃν ἡμῖν ὁ λ. Ep.Hebr.4.13
, cf. D.Chr.31.123.3 measure, tale (cf. infr. 11.1),θάλασσα.. μετρέεται ἐς τὸν αὐτὸν λ. ὁκοῖος πρόσθεν Heraclit.31
;ψυχῆς ἐστι λ. ἑαυτὸν αὔξων Id.115
; ἐς τούτου (sc. γήραος) λ. οὐ πολλοί τινες ἀπικνέονται to the point of old age, Hdt.3.99, cf.7.9.β; ὁ ξύμπας λ. the full tale, Th.7.56, cf. Ep.Phil.4.15; κοινῷ λ. νομίσαντα common measure, Pl.Lg. 746e; sum, total of expenditure, IG42(1).103.151 (Epid., iv B.C.); ὁ τῆς οὐσίας λ., = Lat. patrimonii modus, Cod.Just.1.5.12.20.4 esteem, consideration, value put on a person or thing (cf. infr. VI. 2 d), οὗ πλείων λ. ἢ τῶν ἄλλων who is of more worth than all the rest, Heraclit.39; βροτῶν λ. οὐκ ἔσχεν οὐδέν' A.Pr. 233;οὐ σμικροῦ λ. S.OC 1163
: freq. in Hdt.,Μαρδονίου λ. οὐδεὶς γίνεται 8.102
;τῶν ἦν ἐλάχιστος ἀπολλυμένων λ. 4.135
, cf. E.Fr.94;περὶ ἐμοῦ οὐδεὶς λ. Ar.Ra.87
; λόγου οὐδενὸς γίνεσθαι πρός τινος to be of no account, repute with.., Hdt.1.120, cf.4.138; λόγου ποιήσασθαί τινα make one of account, Id.1.33; ἐλαχίστου, πλείστου λ. εἶναι, to be highly, lowly esteemed, Id.1.143, 3.146; but also λόγον τινὸς ποιεῖσθαι, like Lat. rationem habere alicujus, make account of, set a value on, Democr.187, etc.: usu. in neg. statements,οὐδένα λ. ποιήσασθαί τινος Hdt.1.4
, cf. 13, Plb.21.14.9, etc.;λ. ἔχειν Hdt.1.62
, 115;λ. ἴσχειν περί τινος Pl.Ti. 87c
;λ. ἔχειν περὶ τοὺς ποιητάς Lycurg.107
;λ. ἔχειν τινός D.18.199
, Arist.EN 1102b32, Plu.Phil.18 (but also, have the reputation of.., v. infr. VI. 2 e);ἐν οὐδενὶ λ. ποιήσασθαί τι Hdt.3.50
; ἐν οὐδενὶ λ. ἀπώλοντο without regard, Id.9.70;ἐν σμικρῷ λ. εἶναι Pl.R. 550a
; ὑμεῖς οὔτ' ἐν λ. οὔτ' ἐν ἀριθμῷ Orac. ap. Sch.Theoc.14.48; ἐν ἀνδρῶν λ. [εἶναι] to be reckoned, count as a man, Hdt.3.120; ἐν ἰδιώτεω λόγῳ καὶ ἀτίμου reckoned as.., Eus.Mynd.Fr. 59;σεμνὸς εἰς ἀρετῆς λ. καὶ δόξης D.19.142
.II relation, correspondence, proportion,1 generally, ὑπερτερίης λ. relation (of gold to lead), Thgn.418 = 1164;πρὸς λόγον τοῦ σήματος A.Th. 519
; κατὰ λόγον προβαίνοντες τιμῶσι in inverse ratio, Hdt.1.134, cf. 7.36;κατὰ λ. τῆς ἀποφορῆς Id.2.109
; τἄλλα κατὰ λ. in like fashion, Hp.VM16, Prog.17: c. gen., κατὰ λ. τῶν πρόσθεν ib. 24;κατὰ λ. τῶν ἡμερῶν Ar. Nu. 619
;κατὰ λ. τῆς δυνάμεως X. Cyr.8.6.11
;ἐλάττω ἢ κατὰ λ. Arist. HA 508a2
, cf. PA 671a18;ἐκ ταύτης ἐγένετο ἐκείνη κατὰ λ. Id.Pol. 1257a31
; cf. εὔλογος: sts. with ὁ αὐτός added, κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λ. τῷ τείχεϊ in fashion like to.., Hdt.1.186; περὶ τῶν νόσων ὁ αὐτὸς λ. analogously, Pl.Tht. 158d, cf. Prm. 136b, al.; εἰς τὸν αὐτὸν λ. similarly, Id.R. 353d; κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λ. in the same ratio, IG12.76.8; by parity of reasoning, Pl.Cra. 393c, R. 610a, al.; ἀνὰ λόγον τινός, τινί, Id.Ti. 29c, Alc.2.145d; τοῦτον ἔχει τὸν λ. πρὸς.. ὃν ἡ παιδεία πρὸς τὴν ἀρετήν is related to.. as.., Procl.in Euc.p.20 F., al.2 Math., ratio, proportion (ὁ κατ' ἀνάλογον λ., λ. τῆς ἀναλογίας, Theo Sm.p.73 H.), Pythag. 2;ἰσότης λόγων Arist.EN 113a31
;λ. ἐστὶ δύο μεγεθῶν ἡ κατὰ πηλικότητα ποιὰ σχέσις Euc.5
Def.3;τῶν ἁρμονιῶν τοὺς λ. Arist.Metaph. 985b32
, cf. 1092b14; λόγοι ἀριθμῶν numerical ratios, Aristox.Harm.p.32 M.; τοὺς φθόγγους ἀναγκαῖον ἐν ἀριθμοῦ λ. λέγεσθαι πρὸς ἀλλήλους to be expressed in numerical ratios, Euc.Sect.Can. Proëm.: in Metre, ratio between arsis and thesis, by which the rhythm is defined, Aristox.Harm.p.34 M.;ἐὰν ᾖ ἰσχυροτέρα τοῦ αἰσθητηρίου ἡ κίνησις, λύεται ὁ λ. Arist.de An. 424a31
; ἀνὰ λόγον analogically, Archyt.2; ἀνὰ λ. μερισθεῖσα [ἡ ψυχή] proportionally, Pl. Ti. 37a; soκατὰ λ. Men.319.6
; πρὸς λόγον in proportion, Plb.6.30.3, 9.15.3 (but πρὸς λόγον ἐπὶ στενὸν συνάγεται narrows uniformly, Sor. 1.9, cf. Diocl.Fr.171);ἐπὶ λόγον IG5(1).1428
([place name] Messene).3 Gramm., analogy, rule, τῷ λ. τῶν μετοχικῶν, τῆς συγκοπῆς, by the rule of the participles, of syncope, Choerob. in Theod.1.75 Gaisf., 1.377 H.;εἰπέ μοι τὸν λ. τοῦ Αἴας Αἴαντος, τουτέστι τὸν κανόνα An.Ox. 4.328
.1 plea, pretext, ground, ἐκ τίνος λ.; A.Ch. 515;ἐξ οὐδενὸς λ. S.Ph. 731
;ἀπὸ παντὸς λ. Id.OC 762
;χὠ λ. καλὸς προσῆν Id.Ph. 352
;σὺν ἀφανεῖ λ. Id.OT 657
(lyr., v.l. λόγων); ἐν ἀφανεῖ λ. Antipho 5.59
;ἐπὶ τοιούτῳ λ. Hdt.6.124
; κατὰ τίνα λ.; on what ground? Pl.R. 366b; οὐδὲ πρὸς ἕνα λ. to no purpose, Id.Prt. 343d; ἐπὶ τίνι λ.; for what reason? X.HG2.2.19; τὸν λ. τοῦτον this ground of complaint, Aeschin.3.228; τίνι δικαίῳ λ.; what just cause is there? Pl.Grg. 512c; τίνι λ.; on what account? Act.Ap.10.29; κατὰ λόγον ἂν ἠνεσχόμην ὑμῶν reason would that.., ib.18.14; λ. ἔχειν, with personal subject, εἶχον ἄν τινα λ. I (i.e. my conduct) would have admitted of an explanation, Pl.Ap. 31b; τὸν ὀρθὸν λ. the true explanation, ib. 34b.b plea, case, in Law or argument (cf. VIII. I), τὸν ἥττω λ. κρείττω ποιεῖν to make the weaker case prevail, ib. 18b, al., Arist.Rh. 1402a24, cf. Ar.Nu. 1042 (pl.); personified, ib. 886, al.;ἀμύνεις τῷ τῆς ἡδονῆς λ. Pl.Phlb. 38a
;ἀνοίσεις τοὺς λ. αὐτῶν πρὸς τὸν θεόν LXXEx.18.19
; ἐχειν λ. πρός τινα to have a case, ground of action against.., Act.Ap.19.38.2 statement of a theory, argument, οὐκ ἐμεῦ ἀλλὰ τοῦ λ. ἀκούσαντας prob. in Heraclit.50; λόγον ἠδὲ νόημα ἀμφὶς ἀληθείης discourse and reflection on reality, Parm.8.50; δηλοῖ οὗτος ὁ λ. ὅτι .. Democr.7; οὐκ ἔχει λόγον it is not arguable, i.e. reasonable, S.El. 466, Pl.Phd. 62d, etc.;ἔχει λ. D.44.32
;οὐδεὶς αὐτὰ καταβαλεῖ λ. E.Ba. 202
;δίκασον.. τὸν λ. ἀκούσας Pl.Lg. 696b
; personified, φησὶ οὗτος ὁ λ. ib. 714d, cf. Sph. 238b, Phlb. 50a; ὡς ὁ λ. (sc. λέγει) Arist.EN 1115b12; ὡς ὁ λ. ὁ ὀρθὸς λέγει ib. 1138b20, cf. 29;ὁ λ. θέλει προσβιβάζειν Phld.Rh.1.41
, cf.1.19 S.; ;λ. καθαίρων Aristo Stoic.1.88
; λόγου τυγχάνειν to be explained, Phld.Mus.p.77 K.; ὁ τὸν λ. μου ἀκούων my teaching, Ev.Jo.5.24; ὁ προφητικὸς λ., collect., of VT prophecy, 2 Ep.Pet.1.19: pl.,ὁκόσων λόγους ἤκουσα Heraclit.108
;οὐκ ἐπίθετο τοῖς ἐμοῖς λ. Ar.Nu.73
; of arguments leading to a conclusion ([etym.] ὁ λ.), Pl. Cri. 46b;τὰ Ἀναξαγόρου βιβλία γέμει τούτων τῶν λ. Id.Ap. 26d
; λ. ἀπὸ τῶν ἀρχῶν, ἐπὶ τὰς ἀρχάς, Arist.EN 1095a31; συλλογισμός ἐστι λ. ἐν ᾧ τεθέντων τινῶν κτλ. Id.APr. 24b18; λ. ἀντίτυπός τε καὶ ἄπορος, of a self-contradictory theory, Plot.6.8.7.b ὁ περὶ θεῶν λ., title of a discourse by Protagoras, D.L.9.54; ὁ Ἀχιλλεὺς λ., name of an argument, ib.23;ὁ αὐξόμενος λ. Plu.2.559b
; καταβάλλοντες (sc. λόγοι), title of work by Protagoras, S.E.M.7.60;λ. σοφιστικοί Arist.SE 165a34
, al.;οἱ μαθηματικοὶ λ. Id.Rh. 1417a19
, etc.; οἱ ἐξωτερικοὶ λ., current outside the Lyceum, Id.Ph. 217b31, al.; Δισσοὶ λ., title of a philosophical treatise (= Dialex.); Λ. καὶ Λογίνα, name of play of Epicharmus, quibble, argument, personified, Ath.8.338d.c in Logic, proposition, whether as premiss or conclusion,πρότασίς ἐστι λ. καταφατικὸς ἢ ἀποφατικός τινος κατά τινος Arist.APr. 24a16
.d rule, principle, law, as embodying the result of λογισμός, Pi.O.2.22, P.1.35, N.4.31;πείθεσθαι τῷ λ. ὃς ἄν μοι λογιζομένῳ βέλτιστος φαίνηται Pl.Cri. 46b
, cf. c; ἡδονὰς τοῖς ὀρθοῖς λ. ἑπομένας obeying right principles, Id.Lg. 696c; προαιρέσεως [ἀρχὴ] ὄρεξις καὶ λ. ὁ ἕνεκά τινος principle directed to an end, Arist.EN 1139a32; of the final cause,ἀρχὴ ὁ λ. ἔν τε τοῖς κατὰ τέχνην καὶ ἐν τοῖς φύσει συνεστηκόσιν Id.PA 639b15
; ἀποδιδόασι τοὺς λ. καὶ τὰς αἰτίας οὗ ποιοῦσι ἑκάστου ib.18; [τέχνη] ἕξις μετὰ λ. ἀληθοῦς ποιητική Id.EN 1140a10
; ὀρθὸς λ. true principle, right rule, ib. 1144b27, 1147b3, al.; κατὰ λόγον by rule, consistently,ὁ κατὰ λ. ζῶν Pl.Lg. 689d
, cf. Ti. 89d; τὸ κατὰ λ. ζῆν, opp. κατὰ πάθος, Arist.EN 1169a5; κατὰ λ. προχωρεῖν according to plan, Plb.1.20.3.3 law, rule of conduct,ᾧ μάλιστα διηνεκῶς ὁμιλοῦσι λόγῳ Heraclit.72
;πολλοὶ λόγον μὴ μαθόντες ζῶσι κατὰ λόγον Democr.53
; δεῖ ὑπάρχειν τὸν λ. τὸν καθόλου τοῖς ἄρχουσιν universal principle, Arist.Pol. 1286a17;ὁ νόμος.. λ. ὢν ἀπό τινος φρονήσεως καὶ νοῦ Id.EN 1180a21
; ὁ νόμος.. ἔμψυχος ὢν ἑαυτῷ λ. conscience, Plu. 2.780c; τὸν λ. πρόχειρον ἔχειν precept, Phld.Piet.30, cf. 102;ὁ προστακτικὸς τῶν ποιητέων ἢ μὴ λ. κοινός M.Ant.4.4
.4 thesis, hypothesis, provisional ground, ὡς ἂν εἰ λέγοι λόγον maintain a thesis, Pl. Prt. 344b; ὑποθέμενος ἑκάστοτε λ. provisionally assuming a proposition, Id.Phd. 100a; τὸν τῆς ὁμοιότητος λ. hypothesis of equivalence, Arist.Cael. 296a20.5 reason, ground,πάντων γινομένων κατὰ τὸν λ. τόνδε Heraclit.1
;οὕτω βαθὺν λ. ἔχει Id.45
; ἐκ λόγου, opp. μάτην, Leucipp. 2;μέγιστον σημεῖον οὗτος ὁ λ. Meliss.8
; [ἐμπειρία] οὐκ ἔχει λ. οὐδένα ὧν προσφέρει has no grounds for.., Pl.Grg. 465a; μετὰ λόγουτε καὶ ἐπιστήμης θείας Id.Sph. 265c
; ἡ μετα λόγου ἀληθὴς δόξα ([etym.] ἐπιστήμη) Id.Tht. 201c; λόγον ζητοῦσιν ὧν οὐκ ἔστι λ. proof, Arist. Metaph. 1011a12;οἱ ἁπάντων ζητοῦντες λ. ἀναιροῦσι λ. Thphr.Metaph. 26
.6 formula (wider than definition, but freq. equivalent thereto), term expressing reason,λ. τῆς πολιτείας Pl.R. 497c
; ψυχῆς οὐσία τε καὶ λ. essential definition, Id.Phdr. 245e;ὁ τοῦ δικαίου λ. Id.R. 343a
; τὸν λ. τῆς οὐσίας ib. 534b, cf. Phd. 78d;τὰς πολλὰς ἐπιστήμας ἑνὶ λ. προσειπεῖν Id.Tht. 148d
;ὁ τῆς οἰκοδομήσεως λ. ἔχει τὸν τῆς οἰκίας Arist. PA 646b3
;τεθείη ἂν ἴδιον ὄνομα καθ' ἕκαστον τῶν λ. Id.Metaph. 1006b5
, cf. 1035b4;πᾶς ὁρισμὸς λ. τίς ἐστι Id.Top. 102a5
; ἐπὶ τῶν σχημάτων λ. κοινός generic definition, Id.de An. 414b23; ἀκριβέστατος λ. specific definition, Id.Pol. 1276b24;πηγῆς λ. ἔχον Ph.2.477
; τὸ ᾠὸν οὔτε ἀρχῆς ἔχει λ. fulfils the function of.., Plu.2.637d; λ. τῆς μίξεως formula, i. e. ratio (cf. supr. II) of combination, Arist.PA 642a22, cf. Metaph. 993a17.7 reason, law exhibited in the world-process, κατὰ λόγον by law,κόσμῳ πάντα καὶ κατὰ λ. ἔχοντα Pl.R. 500c
; κατ τὸν < αὐτὸν αὖ> λ. by the same law, Epich.170.18;ψυχῆς τὸ πᾶν τόδε διοικούσης κατὰ λ. Plot.2.3.13
; esp. in Stoic Philos., the divine order,τὸν τοῦ παντὸς λ. ὃν ἔνιοι εἱμαρμένην καλοῦσιν Zeno Stoic.1.24
; τὸ ποιοῦν τὸν ἐν [τῇ ὕλῃ] λ. τὸν θεόν ibid., cf. 42;ὁ τοῦ κόσμου λ. Chrysipp.Stoic.2.264
; λόγος, = φύσει νόμος, Stoic.2.169;κατὰ τὸν κοινὸν θεοῖς καὶ ἀνθρώποις λ. M.Ant.7.53
;ὁ ὀρθὸς λ. διὰ πάντων ἐρχόμενος Chrysipp.Stoic.3.4
: so in Plot.,τὴν φύσιν εἶναι λόγον, ὃς ποιεῖ λ. ἄλλον γέννημα αὑτοῦ 3.8.2
.b σπερματικὸς λ. generative principle in organisms,ὁ θεὸς σπ. λ. τοῦ κόσμου Zeno Stoic.1.28
: usu. in pl., Stoic. 2.205,314,al.;γίνεται τὰ ἐν τῷ παντὶ οὐ κατὰ σπερματικούς, ἀλλὰ κατὰ λ. περιληπτικούς Plot.3.1.7
, cf.4.4.39: so withoutσπερματικός, ὥσπερ τινὲς λ. τῶν μερῶν Cleanth.Stoic.1.111
;οἱ λ. τῶν ὅλων Ph.1.9
.c in Neo-Platonic Philos., of regulative and formative forces, derived from the intelligible and operative in the sensible universe,ὄντων μειζόνων λ. καὶ θεωρούντων αὑτοὺς ἐγὼ γεγέννημαι Plot.3.8.4
;οἱ ἐν σπέρματι λ. πλάττουσι.. τὰ ζῷα οἷον μικρούς τινας κόσμους Id.4.3.10
, cf.3.2.16,3.5.7; opp. ὅρος, Id.6.7.4;ἀφανεῖς λ. τῆς φύσεως Procl.
in R.1.18 K.; τεχνικοὶ λ. ib.142 K., al.IV inward debate of the soul (cf.λ. ὃν αὐτὴ πρὸς αὑτὴν ἡ ψυχὴ διεξέρχεται Pl.Tht. 189e
( διάλογος in Sph. 263e); ὁ ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ, ὁ ἔσω λ. (opp. ὁ ἔξω λ.), Arist.APo. 76b25, 27; ὁ ἐνδιάθετος, opp. ὁ προφορικὸς λ., Stoic.2.43, Ph.2.154),1 thinking, reasoning, τοῦ λ. ἐόντος ξυνοῦ, opp. ἰδία φρόνησις, Heraclit. 2; κρῖναι δὲ λόγῳ.. ἔλεγχον test by reflection, Parm.1.36; reflection, deliberation (cf. VI.3),ἐδίδου λόγον ἑωυτῷ περὶ τῆς ὄψιος Hdt.1.209
, cf. 34, S.OT 583, D.45.7; μὴ εἰδέναι.. μήτε λόγῳ μήτε ἔργῳ neither by reasoning nor by experience, Anaxag.7;ἃ δὴ λόγῳ μὲν καὶ διανοίᾳ ληπτά, ὄψει δ' οὔ Pl.R. 529d
, cf. Prm. 135e;ὁ λ. ἢ ἡ αἴσθησις Arist.EN 1149a35
,al.; αὐτῷ μόνον τῷ λ. πιστεύειν (opp. αἰσθήσεις), of Parmenides and his school, Aristocl. ap. Eus.PE14.17: hence λόγῳ or τῷ λ. in idea, in thought,τῷ λ. τέμνειν Pl.R. 525e
; τῷ λ. δύο ἐστίν, ἀχώριστα πεφυκότα two in idea, though indistinguishable in fact, Arist. EN 1102a30, cf. GC 320b14, al.; λόγῳ θεωρητά mentally conceived, opp. sensibly perceived, Placit.1.3.5, cf. Demetr.Lac.Herc.1055.20;τοὺς λ. θεωρητοὺς χρόνους Epicur.Ep.1p.19U.
; διὰ λόγου θ. χ. ib.p.10 U.;λόγῳ καταληπτός Phld.Po.5.20
, etc.; ὁ λ. οὕτω αἱρέει analogy proves, Hdt.2.33; ὁ λ. or λ. αἱρέει reasoning convinces, Id.3.45,6.124, cf. Pl.Cri. 48c (but, our argument shows, Lg. 663d): also c. acc. pers., χρᾶται ὅ τι μιν λ. αἱρέει as the whim took him, Hdt.1.132; ἢν μὴ ἡμέας λ. αἱρῇ unless we see fit, Id.4.127, cf. Pl.R. 607b; later ὁ αἱρῶν λ. ordaining reason, Zeno Stoic.1.50, M.Ant.2.5, cf. 4.24, Arr.Epict. 2.2.20, etc.: coupled or contrasted with other functions, καθ' ὕπνον ἐπειδὴ λόγου καὶ φρονήσεως οὐ μετεῖχε since reason and understanding are in abeyance, Pl.Ti. 71d; μετὰ λόγου τε καὶ ἐπιστήμης, opp. αἰτία αὐτομάτη, of Nature's processes of production, Id.Sph. 265c; τὸ μὲν δὴ νοήσει μετὰ λόγου περιληπτόν embraced by thought with reflection, opp. μετ' αἰσθήσεως ἀλόγου, Id.Ti. 28a; τὸ μὲν ἀεὶ μετ' ἀληθοῦς λ., opp. τὸ δὲ ἄλογον, ib. 51e, cf. 70d, al.;λ. ἔχων ἑπόμενον τῷ νοεῖν Id.Phlb. 62a
; ἐπιστήμη ἐνοῦσα καὶ ὀρθὸς λ. scientific knowledge and right process of thought, Id.Phd. 73a;πᾶς λ. καὶ πᾶσα ἐπιστήμη τῶν καθόλου Arist.Metaph. 1059b26
;τὸ λόγον ἔχον Id.EN 1102b15
, 1138b9, al.: in sg. and pl., contrasted by Pl. and Arist. as theory, abstract reasoning with outward experience, sts. with depreciatory emphasis on the former,εἰς τοὺς λ. καταφυγόντα Pl.Phd. 99e
; τὸν ἐν λόγοις σκοπούμενον τὰ ὄντα, opp. τὸν ἐν ἔργοις (realities), ib. 100a;τῇ αἰσθήσει μᾶλλον τῶν λ. πιστευτέον Arist.GA 760b31
; γνωριμώτερα κατὰ τὸν λ., opp. κατὰ τὴν αἴσθησιν, Id.Ph. 189a4; ἐκ τῶν λ. δῆλον, opp. ἐκ τῆς ἐπαγωγῆς, Id.Mete. 378b20; ἡ τῶν λ. πίστις, opp. ἐκ τῶν ἔργων φανερόν, Id.Pol. 1326a29;ἡ πίστις οὐ μόνον ἐπὶ τῆς αἰσθήσεως ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ λ. Id.Ph. 262a19
;μαρτυρεῖ τὰ γιγνόμενα τοῖς λ. Id.Pol. 1334a6
; ὁ μὲν λ. τοῦ καθόλου, ἡ δὲ αἴσθησις τοῦ κατὰ μέρος explanation, opp. perception, Id.Ph. 189a7; ἔσονται τοῖς λ. αἱ πράξεις ἀκόλουθοι theory, opp. practice, Epicur.Sent.25; in Logic, of discursive reasoning, opp. intuition, Arist.EN 1142a26, 1143b1; reasoning in general, ib. 1149a26; πᾶς λ. καὶ πᾶσα ἀπόδειξις all reasoning and demonstration, Id.Metaph. 1063b10;λ. καὶ φρόνησιν Phld.Mus.p.105
K.; ὁ λ. ἢ λογισμός ibid.; τὸ ἰδεῖν οὐκέτι λ., ἀλλὰ μεῖζον λόγου καὶ πρὸ λόγου, of mystical vision, opp. reasoning, Plot.6.9.10.—Phrases, κατὰ λ. τὸν εἰκότα by probable reasoning, Pl.Ti. 30b;οὔκουν τόν γ' εἰκότα λ. ἂν ἔχοι Id.Lg. 647d
; παρὰ λόγον, opp. κατὰ λ., Arist.Rh.Al. 1429a29, cf. EN 1167b19; cf. παράλογος (but παρὰ λ. unexpectedly, E.Ba. 940).2 reason as a faculty, ὁ λ. ἀνθρώπους κυβερνᾷ [Epich.] 256; [θυμοειδὲς] τοῦ λ. κατήκοον Pl.Ti. 70a
; [θυμὸς] ὑπὸ τοῦ λ. ἀνακληθείς Id.R. 440d
; σύμμαχον τῷ λ. τὸν θυμόν ib. b;πειθαρχεῖ τῷ λ. τὸ τοῦ ἐγκρατοῦς Arist. EN 1102b26
; ἄλλο τι παρὰ τὸν λ. πεφυκός, ὃ μάχεται τῷ λ. ib.17;ἐναντίωσις λόγου πρὸς ἐπιθυμίας Plot.4.7.13(8)
;οὐ θυμός, οὐκ ἐπιθυμία, οὐδὲ λ. οὐδέ τις νόησις Id.6.9.11
: freq. in Stoic. Philos. of human Reason, opp. φαντασία, Zeno Stoic.1.39; opp. φύσις, Stoic.2.206; οὐ σοφία οὐδὲ λ. ἐστὶν ἐν [τοῖς ζῴοις] ibid.;τοῖς ἀλόγοις ζῴοις ὡς λ. ἔχων λ. μὴ ἔχουσι χρῶ M.Ant.6.23
;ὁ λ. κοινὸν πρὸς τοὺς θεούς Arr.Epict. 1.3.3
;οἷον [εἰκὼν] λ. ὁ ἐν προφορᾷ λόγου τοῦ ἐν ψυχῇ, οὕτω καὶ αὐτὴ λ. νοῦ Plot.5.1.3
; τὸ τὸν λ. σχεῖν τὴν οἰκείαν ἀρετήν (sc. εὐδαιμονίαν) Procl.in Ti.3.334 D.; also of the reason which pervades the universe, θεῖος λ. [Epich.] 257;τὸν θεῖον λ. καθ' Ἡράκλειτον δι' ἀναπνοῆς σπάσαντες νοεροὶ γινόμεθα S.E.M.7.129
(cf. infr. x).b creative reason,ἀδύνατον ἦν λόγον μὴ οὐκ ἐπὶ πάντα ἐλθεῖν Plot.3.2.14
;ἀρχὴ οὖν λ. καὶ πάντα λ. καὶ τὰ γινόμενα κατ' αὐτόν Id.3.2.15
;οἱ λ. πάντες ψυχαί Id.3.2.18
.2 legend,ἱρὸς λ. Hdt.2.62
, cf. 47, Pi.P.3.80 (pl.);συνθέντες λ. E.Ba. 297
;λ. θεῖος Pl.Phd. 85d
; ἱεροὶ λ., of Orphic rhapsodies, Suid. S.V. Ὀρφεύς.3 tale, story,ἄλλον ἔπειμι λ. Xenoph. 7.1
, cf. Th.1.97, etc.;συνθέτους λ. A.Pr. 686
; σπουδὴν λόγου urgent tidings, E.Ba. 663; ἄλλος λ. 'another story', Pl.Ap. 34e; ὁμολογούμενος ὁ λ. ἐστίν the story is consistent, Isoc.3.27: pl., histories,ἐν τοῖσι Ἀσσυρίοισι λ. Hdt.1.184
, cf. 106, 2.99; so in sg., a historical work, Id.2.123, 6.19,7.152: also in sg., one section of such a work (like later βίβλος), Id.2.38,6.39, cf. VI.3d; so in pl.,ἐν τοῖσι Λιβυκοῖσι λ. Id.2.161
, cf. 1.75,5.22,7.93, 213;ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ τῶν λ. Id.5.36
; ὁ πρῶτος λ., of St. Luke's gospel, Act.Ap.1.1: in Pl., opp. μῦθος, as history to legend, Ti. 26e; , cf. Grg. 523a (but μῦθον λέγειν, opp. λόγῳ ( argument)διεξελθεῖν Prt. 320c
, cf. 324d);περὶ λόγων καὶ μύθων Arist.Pol. 1336a30
;ὁ λ... μῦθός ἐστι Ael.NA4.34
.4 speech, delivered in court, assembly, etc.,χρήσομαι τῇ τοῦ λ. τάξει ταύτῃ Aeschin.3.57
, cf. Arist.Rh. 1358a38;δικανικοὶ λ. Id.EN 1181a4
;τρία γένη τῶν λ. τῶν ῥητορικῶν, συμβουλευτικόν, δικανικόν, ἐπιδεικτικόν Id.Rh. 1358b7
;τῷ γράψαντι τὸν λ. Thphr. Char.17.8
, cf.λογογράφος 11
; ἐπιτάφιος λ. funeral oration, Pl.Mx. 236b; esp. of the body of a speech, opp. ἐπίλογος, Arist.Rh. 1420b3; opp. προοίμιον, ib. 1415a12; body of a law, opp. proem, Pl.Lg. 723b; spoken, opp. written word,τὸν τοῦ εἰδότος λ. ζῶντα καὶ ἔμψυχον οὗ ὁ γεγραμμένος εἴδωλόν τι Id.Phdr. 276a
; ὁ ἐκ τοῦ βιβλίου ῥηθεὶς [λ.] speech read from a roll, ib. 243c; published speech, D.C.40.54; rarely of the speeches in Tragedy ([etym.] ῥήσεις), Arist.Po. 1450b6,9.VI verbal expression or utterance (cf. λέγω (B) 111), rarely a single word, v. infr. b, never in Gramm. signf. of vocable ([etym.] ἔπος, λέξις, ὄνομα, ῥῆμα), usu. of a phrase, cf. IX. 3 (the only sense found in [dialect] Ep.).a pl., without Art., talk,τὸν ἔτερπε λόγοις Il.15.393
;αἱμύλιοι λ. Od.1.56
, h.Merc. 317, Hes.Th. 890, Op.78, 789, Thgn.704, A.R.3.1141; ψευδεῖς Λ., personified, Hes.Th. 229;ἀφροδίσιοι λ. Semon.7.91
;ἀγανοῖσι λ. Pi.P. 4.101
; ὄψον δὲ λ. φθονεροῖσιν tales, Id.N.8.21; σμικροὶ λ. brief words, S.Aj. 1268 (s.v.l.), El. 415; δόκησις ἀγνὼς λόγων bred of talk, Id.OT 681 (lyr.): also in sg., λέγ' εἴ σοι τῷ λ. τις ἡδονή speak if thou delightest in talking, Id.El. 891.b sg., expression, phrase,πρὶν εἰπεῖν ἐσθλὸν ἢ κακὸν λ. Id.Ant. 1245
, cf. E.Hipp. 514;μυρίας ὡς εἰπεῖν λόγῳ Hdt.2.37
; μακρὸς λ. rigmarole, Simon.189, Arist.Metaph. 1091a8; λ. ἠρέμα λεχθεὶς διέθηκε τὸ πόρρω a whispered message, Plot.4.9.3; ἑνὶ λόγῳ to sum up, in brief phrase, Pl.Phdr. 241e, Phd. 65d; concisely, Arist. EN 1103b21 (but also, = ἁπλῶς, περὶ πάντων ἑνὶ λ. Id.GC 325a1): pl., λ. θελκτήριοι magic words, E.Hipp. 478; rarely of single words,λ. εὐσύνθετος οἷον τὸ χρονοτριβεῖν Arist.Rh. 1406a36
; οὐκ ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῇ λ. answered her not a word, Ev.Matt.15.23.c coupled or contrasted with words expressed or understood signifying act, fact, truth, etc., mostly in a depreciatory sense,λ. ἔργου σκιή Democr. 145
;ὥσπερ μικρὸν παῖδα λόγοις μ' ἀπατᾷς Thgn.254
; λόγῳ, opp. ἔργῳ, Democr.82, etc.;νηπίοισι οὐ λ. ἀλλὰ ξυμφορὴ διδάσκαλος Id.76
;ἔργῳ κοὐ λόγῳ τεκμαίρομαι A.Pr. 338
, cf. S.El.59, OC 782;λόγῳ μὲν λέγουσι.. ἔργῳ δὲ οὐκ ἀποδεικνῦσι Hdt.4.8
;οὐ λόγων, φασίν, ἡ ἀγορὴ δεῖται, χαλκῶν δέ Herod.7.49
;οὔτε λ. οὔτε ἔργῳ Lys.9.14
; λόγοις, opp. ψήφῳ, Aeschin.2.33; opp. νόῳ, Hdt.2.100;οὐ λόγῳ μαθών E.Heracl.5
;ἐκ λόγων, κούφου πράγματος Pl.Lg. 935a
; λόγοισι εἰς τὸ πιθανὸν περιπεπεμμένα ib. 886e, cf. Luc.Anach.19;ἵνα μὴ λ. οἴησθε εἶναι, ἀλλ' εἰδῆτε τὴν ἀλήθειαν Lycurg.23
, cf. D.30.34; opp. πρᾶγμα, Arist.Top. 146a4; opp. βία, Id.EN 1179b29, cf. 1180a5; opp. ὄντα, Pl.Phd. 100a; opp. γνῶσις, 2 Ep.Cor.11.6; λόγῳ in pretence, Hdt.1.205, Pl.R. 361b, 376d, Ti. 27a, al.; λόγου ἕνεκα merely as a matter of words,ἄλλως ἕνεκα λ. ἐλέγετο Id.Cri. 46d
; λόγου χάριν, opp. ὡς ἀληθῶς, Arist.Pol. 1280b8; but also, let us say, for instance, Id.EN 1144a33, Plb.10.46.4, Phld. Sign.29, M.Ant.4.32; λόγου ἕνεκα let us suppose, Pl.Tht. 191c; ἕως λόγου, μέχρι λ., = Lat. verbo tenus, Plb.10.24.7, Epict.Ench.16: sts. without depreciatory force, the antithesis or parallelism being verbal (cf. 'word and deed'),λόγῳ τε καὶ σθένει S.OC68
;ἔν τε ἔργῳ καὶ λ. Pl.R. 382e
, cf. D.S.13.101, Ev.Luc.24.19, Act.Ap.7.22, Paus.2.16.2; ὅσα μὲν λόγῳ εἶπον, opp. τὰ ἔργα τῶν πραχθέντων, Th. 1.22.2 common talk, report, tradition,ὡς λ. ἐν θνητοῖσιν ἔην Batr. 8
;λ. ἐκ πατέρων Alc.71
;οὐκ ἔστ' ἔτυμος λ. οὗτος Stesich.32
;διξὸς λέγεται λ. Hdt.3.32
;λ. ὑπ' Αἰγυπτίων λεγόμενος Id.2.47
; νέον [λ.] tidings, S.Ant. 1289 (lyr.); τὰ μὲν αὐτοὶ ὡρῶμεν, τὰ δὲ λόγοισι ἐπυνθανόμεθα by hearsay, Hdt.2.148: also in pl., ἐν γράμμασιν λόγοι κείμενοι traditions, Pl.Lg. 886b.b rumour,ἐπὶ παντὶ λ. ἐπτοῆσθαι Heraclit. 87
; αὐδάεις λ. voice of rumour, B.14.44; περὶ θεῶν διῆλθεν ὁ λ. ὅτι .. Th.6.46; λ. παρεῖχεν ὡς .. Plb.3.89.3; ἐξῆλθεν ὁ λ. οὗτος εῖς τινας ὅτι .. Ev.Jo.21.23, cf. Act.Ap.11.22; fiction, Ev.Matt.28.15.c mention, notice, description, οὐκ ὕει λόγου ἄξιον οὐδέν worth mentioning, Hdt.4.28, cf. Plb.1.24.8, etc.; ἔργα λόγου μέζω beyond expression, Hdt.2.35; κρεῖσσον λόγου τὸ εἶδος τῆς νόσου beyond description, Th. 2.50;μείζω ἔργα ἢ ὡς τῷ λ. τις ἂν εἴποι D.6.11
.d the talk one occasions, repute, mostly in good sense, good report, praise, honour (cf. supr. 1.4),πολλὰ φέρειν εἴωθε λ... πταίσματα Thgn.1221
;λ. ἐσλὸν ἀκοῦσαι Pi.I.5(4).13
;πλέονα.. λ. Ὀδυσσέος ἢ πάθαν Id.N.7.21
;ἵνα λ. σε ἔχῃ πρὸς ἀνθρώπων ἀγαθός Hdt.7.5
, cf. 9.78; Τροίαν.. ἧς ἁπανταχοῦ λ. whose fame, story fills the world, E.IT 517;οὐκ ἂν ἦν λ. σέθεν Id.Med. 541
: less freq. in bad sense, evil report, λ. κακόθρους, κακός, S. Aj. 138 (anap.), E.Heracl. 165: pl., λόγους ψιθύρους πλάσσων slanders, S.Aj. 148 (anap.).e λ. ἐστί, ἔχει, κατέχει, the story goes, c. acc. et inf.,ἔστ τις λ. τὰν Ἀρετὰν ναίειν Simon.58.1
, cf. S.El. 417; λ. μὲν ἔστ' ἀρχαῖος ὡς .. Id.Tr.1; λ. alone, E.Heracl.35;ὡς λ. A.Supp. 230
, Pl. Phlb. 65c, etc.;λ. ἐστί Hdt.7.129
,9.26, al.;λ. αἰὲν ἔχει S.OC 1573
(lyr.); ὅσον ὁ λ. κατέχει tradition prevails, Th.1.10: also with a personal subject in the reverse construction. Κλεισθένης λ. ἔχει τὴν Πυθίην ἀναπεῖσαι has the credit of.., Hdt.5.66, cf. Pl.Epin. 987b, 988b;λ. ἔχοντα σοφίας Ep.Col.2.23
, v.supr.1.4.3 discussion, debate, deliberation,πολλὸς ἦν ἐν τοῖσι λ. Hdt.8.59
;συνελέχθησαν οἱ Μῆδοι ἐς τὠυτὸ καὶ ἐδίδοσαν σφίσι λόγον, λέγοντες περὶ τῶν κατηκόντων Id.1.97
;οἱ Πελασγοὶ ἑωυτοῖσι λόγους ἐδίδοσαν Id.6.138
; ;οἱ περὶ τῆς εἰρήνης λ. Aeschin.2.74
; τοῖς ἔξωθεν λ. πεπλήρωκε τὸν λ. [Plato] has filled his dialogue with extraneous discussions, Arist.Pol. 1264b39;τὸ μῆκος τῶν λ. D.Chr.7.131
; μεταβαίνων ὁ λ. εἰς ταὐτὸν ἀφῖκται our debate, Arist.EN 1097a24; ὁ παρὼν λ. ib. 1104a11; θεῶν ὧν νῦν ὁ λ. ἐστί discussion, Pl.Ap. 26b, cf. Tht. 184a, M.Ant.8.32; τῷ λ. διελθεῖν, διϊέναι, Pl.Prt. 329c, Grg. 506a, etc.; τὸν λ. διεξελθεῖν conduct the debate, Id.Lg. 893a; ξυνελθεῖν ἐς λόγον confer, Ar.Eq. 1300: freq. in pl., ἐς λόγους συνελθόντες parley, Hdt. 1.82; ἐς λ. ἐλθεῖν τινι have speech with, ib.86;ἐς λ. ἀπικέσθαι τινί Id.2.32
;διὰ λόγων ἰέναι E.Tr. 916
;ἐμαυτῇ διὰ λ. ἀφικόμην Id.Med. 872
;ἐς λ. ἄγειν τινά X.HG4.1.2
;κοινωνεῖν λόγων καὶ διανοίας Arist.EN 1170b12
.b right of discussion or speech, ἢ 'πὶ τῷ πλήθει λ.; S.OC 66; λ. αἰτήσασθαι ask leave to speak, Th.3.53;λ. διδόναι X.HG5.2.20
; οὐ προυτέθη σφίσιν λ. κατὰ τὸν νόμον ib.1.7.5;λόγου τυχεῖν D.18.13
, cf. Arist.EN 1095b21, Plb.18.52.1;οἱ λόγου τοὺς δούλους ἀποστεροῦντες Arist.Pol. 1260b5
;δοῦλος πέφυκας, οὐ μέτεστί σοι λόγου Trag.Adesp.304
;διδόντας λ. καὶ δεχομένους ἐν τῷ μέρει Luc.Pisc.8
: hence, time allowed for a speech,ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ λ. And.1.26
,al.;ἐν τῷ ἑαυτοῦ λ. Pl.Ap. 34a
;οὐκ ἐλάττω λ. ἀνήλωκε D.18.9
.c dialogue, as a form of philosophical debate,ἵνα μὴ μαχώμεθα ἐν τοῖς λ. ἐγώ τε καὶ σύ Pl. Cra. 430d
;πρὸς ἀλλήλους τοὺς λ. ποιεῖσθαι Id.Prt. 348a
: hence, dialogue as a form of literature,οἱ Σωκρατικοὶ λ. Arist.Po. 1447b11
, Rh. 1417a20; cf. διάλογος.d section, division of a dialogue or treatise (cf. v. 3),ὁ πρῶτος λ. Pl.Prm. 127d
; ὁ πρόσθεν, ὁ παρελθὼν λ., Id.Phlb. 18e, 19b;ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις λ. Arist.PA 682a3
; ἐν τοῖς περὶ κινήσεως λ. in the discussion of motion (i. e. Ph.bk.8), Id.GC 318a4;ἐν τῷ περὶ ἐπαίνου λ. Phld.Rh.1.219
; branch, department, division of a system of philosophy,τὴν φρόνησιν ἐκ τριῶν συνεστηκέναι λ., τῶν φυσικῶν καὶ τῶν ἠθικῶν καὶ τῶν λογικῶν Chrysipp.Stoic.2.258
.e in pl., literature, letters, Pl.Ax. 365b, Epin. 975d, D.H.Comp.1,21 (but, also in pl., treatises, Plu.2.16c);οἱ ἐπὶ λόγοις εὐδοκιμώτατοι Hdn.6.1.4
; Λόγοι, personified, AP9.171 (Pall.).VII a particular utterance, saying:1 divine utterance, oracle, Pi.P.4.59;λ. μαντικοί Pl. Phdr. 275b
;οὐ γὰρ ἐμὸν ἐρῶ τὸν λ. Pl.Ap. 20e
;ὁ λ. τοῦ θεοῦ Apoc.1.2
,9.2 proverb, maxim, saying, Pi.N.9.6, A.Th. 218; ὧδ' ἔχει λ. ib. 225; τόνδ' ἐκαίνισεν λ. ὡς .. Critias 21, cf. Pl.R. 330a, Ev.Jo.4.37;ὁ παλαιὸς λ. Pl.Phdr. 240c
, cf. Smp. 195b, Grg. 499c, Lg. 757a, 1 Ep.Ti.1.15, Plu.2.1082e, Luc.Alex.9, etc.;τὸ τοῦ λόγου δὴ τοῦτο Herod.2.45
, cf. D.Chr.66.24, Luc.JTr.3, Alciphr.3.56, etc.: pl., Arist.EN 1147a21.4 express resolution, κοινῷ λ. by common consent, Hdt.1.141,al.; ἐπὶ λ. τοιῷδε, ἐπ' ᾧ τε .. on the following terms, Id.7.158, cf. 9.26;ἐνδέξασθαι τὸν λ. Id.1.60
, cf. 9.5; λ. ἔχοντες πλεονέκτην a greedy proposal, Id.7.158: freq. in pl., terms, conditions, Id.9.33, etc.5 word of command, behest, A.Pr.17,40 (both pl.), Pers. 363;ἀνθρώπους πιθανωτέρους ποιεῖν λόγῳ X.Oec.13.9
;ἐξέβαλε τὰ πνεύματα λόγῳ Ev.Matt.8.16
; οἱ δέκα λ. the ten Commandments, LXX Ex.34.28, Ph.1.496.VIII thing spoken of, subject-matter (cf. 111.1 b and 2),λ. τοῦτον ἐάσομεν Thgn.1055
; προπεπυσμένος πάντα λ. the whole matter, Hdt.1.21, cf. 111; τὸν ἐόντα λ. the truth of the matter, ib.95, 116; μετασχεῖν τοῦ λ. to be in the secret, ib. 127;μηδενὶ ἄλλῳ τὸν λ. τοῦτον εῐπῃς Id.8.65
; τίς ἦν λ.; S.OT 684 ( = πρᾶγμα, 699); περί τινος λ. διελεγόμεθα subject, question, Pl.Prt. 314c; [τὸ προοίμιον] δεῖγμα τοῦ λ. case, Arist.Rh. 1415a12, cf. 111.1b; τέλος δὲ παντὸς τοῦ λ. ψηφίζονται the end of the matter was that.., Aeschin.3.124;οὐκ ἔστεξε τὸν λ. Plb.8.12.5
;οὐκ ἔστι σοι μερὶς οὐδὲ κλῆρος ἐν τῷ λ. τούτῳ Act.Ap.8.21
;ἱκανὸς αὐτῷ ὁ λ. Pl.Grg. 512c
; οὐχ ὑπολείπει [Γοργίαν] ὁ λ. matter for talk, Arist.Rh. 1418a35;μηδένα λ. ὑπολιπεῖν Isoc.4.146
; πρὸς λόγον to the point, apposite,οὐδὲν πρὸς λ. Pl.Phlb. 42e
, cf. Prt. 344a;ἐὰν πρὸς λ. τι ᾖ Id.Phlb. 33c
; alsoπρὸς λόγου Id.Grg. 459c
(s. v.l.).b in Art, subject of a painting,ζωγραφίας λόγοι Philostr.VA 6.10
;λ. τῆς γραφῆς Id.Im.1.25
.IX expression, utterance, speech regarded formally, τὸ ἀπὸ [ψυχῆς] ῥεῦμα διὰ τοῦ στόματος ἰὸν μετὰ φθόγγου λ., opp. διάνοια, Pl.Sph. 263e; intelligent utterance, opp. φωνή, Arist.Pol. 1253a14;λ. ἐστὶ φωνὴ σημαντικὴ κατὰ συνθήκην Id.Int. 16b26
, cf. Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.213; ὅθεν (from the heart)ὁ λ. ἀναπέμπεται Stoic.2.228
, cf. 244; Protagoras was nicknamed λόγος, Hsch. ap. Sch.Pl.R. 600c, Suid.;λόγου πειθοῖ Democr.181
: in pl., eloquence, Isoc.3.3,9.11;τὴν ἐν λόγοις εὐρυθμίαν Epicur.Sent.Pal.5p.69
v. d. M.; λ. ἀκριβής precise language, Ar.Nu. 130 (pl.), cf. Arist.Rh. 1418b1;τοῦ μὴ ᾀδομένου λ. Pl.R. 398d
; ἡδυσμένος λ., of rhythmical language set to music, Arist.Po. 1449b25; ἐν παντὶ λ. in all manner of utterance, 1 Ep.Cor.1.5; ἐν λόγοις in orations, Arist.Po. 1459a13; λ. γελοῖοι, ἀσχήμονες, ludicrous, improper speech, Id.SE 182b15, Pol. 1336b14.2 of various modes of expression, esp. artistic and literary, ;ἐν λόγῳ καὶ ἐν ᾠδαῖς X.Cyr.1.4.25
, cf. Pl.Lg. 835b; prose, opp. ποίησις, Id.R. 390a; opp. ψιλομετρία, Arist.Po. 1448a11; opp. ἔμμετρα, ib. 1450b15 (pl.); τῷ λ. τοῦτο τῶν μέτρων (sc. τὸ ἰαμβεῖον)ὁμοιότατον εἶναι Id.Rh. 1404a31
; in full, ψιλοὶ λ. prose, ib. b33 (but ψιλοὶ λ., = arguments without diagrams, Pl.Tht. 165a); λ. πεζοί, opp. ποιητική, D.H.Comp.6; opp. ποιήματα, ib.15;κοινὰ καὶ ποιημάτων καὶ λόγων Phld.Po.5.7
; πεζὸς λ. ib.27, al.b of the constituents of lyric or dramatic poetry, words,τὸ μέλος ἐκ τριῶν.. λόγου τε καὶ ἁρμονίας καὶ ῥυθμοῦ Pl.R. 398d
; opp. πρᾶξις, Arist.Po. 1454a18; dramatic dialogue, opp. τὰ τοῦ χοροῦ, ib. 1449a17.3 Gramm., phrase, complex term, opp. ὄνομα, Id.SE 165a13; λ. ὀνοματώδης noun- phrase, Id.APo. 93b30, cf. Rh. 1407b27; expression, D.H.Th.2, Demetr.Eloc.92.b sentence, complete statement, "ἄνθρωπος μανθάνει λόγον εἶναί φῃς.. ἐλάχιστόν τε καὶ πρῶτον Pl.Sph. 262c
;λ. αὐτοτελής A.D.Synt.3.6
, D.T.634.1; ῥηθῆναι λόγῳ to be expressed in a sentence, Pl.Tht. 202b; λ. ἔχειν to be capable of being so expressed, ib. 201e, cf. Arist.Rh. 1404b26.c language, τὰ τοῦ λ. μέρη parts of speech, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.31, S.E.M.9.350, etc.;τὰ μόρια τοῦ λ. D.H.Comp.6
;μέρος λ. D.T.633.26
, A.D.Pron.4.6, al. (but ἓν μέρος <τοῦ cod.> λόγου one word, Id.Synt.340.10, cf. 334.22); περὶ τῶν στοιχείων τοῦ λ., title of work by Chrysippus.X the Word or Wisdom of God, personified as his agent in creation and world-government,ὁ παντοδύναμός σου λ. LXX Wi.18.15
;ὁ ἐκ νοὸς φωτεινὸς λ. υἱὸς θεοῦ Corp.Herm.1.6
, cf. Plu.2.376c; λ. θεοῦ δι' οὗ κατεσκευάσθη [ὁ κόσμος] Ph.1.162; τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ σοφίας· ἡ δέ ἐστιν ὁ θεοῦ λ. ib.56; λ. θεῖος.. εἰκὼν θεοῦ ib. 561, cf. 501; τὸν τομέα τῶν συμπάντων [θεοῦ] λ. ib. 492; τὸν ἄγγελον ὅς ἐστι λ. ib. 122: in NT identified with the person of Christ,ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λ. Ev.Jo.1.1
, cf. 14, 1 Ep.Jo.2.7, Apoc.19.13;ὁ λ. τῆς ζωῆς 1 Ep.Jo.1.1
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82 πατρῷος
πατρῷος, α, ον, also ος, ον A.Ag. 210(lyr.), E.Supp. 1147 (lyr.), etc. ; [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. [full] πατρώϊος, η, ον, the only form used in Hom., Hes., and Hdt.; the former first in Thgn.888, Pi.P.4.290, though both use the longer form, Thgn. 521, Pi.P.4.220 ; Thess. [full] πατρούεος (q.v.): ([etym.] πατήρ):—A of or from one's father, coming or inherited from him, σκῆπτρον, ἔγχος, Il.2.46, 19.387 ; τέμενος, δῶμα, οἶκος, 20.391, 21.44, Hes.Op. 376 ; ξεῖνος πατρώϊός ἐσσι παλαιός my old hereditary friend, Il.6.215 ;π. ἑταῖροι Od. 2.254
, 17.69 ; γαῖα πατρωΐη one's fatherland, 13.188, 251 ;πατρῴα γῆ Thgn.888
, Pi.P.4.290, S.El.67, etc.;π. οὖδας A.Ag. 503
; ; δῶμα, ἑστία, κοῖται, E. Or. 1595, Hec.22, S.El. 194 (lyr.); πατρώϊα one's father's goods, patrimony, Od. 17.80, 20.336, 22.61 ; τὰ π. Hdt.9.26, Ar.Th. 819, Lys. 27.11, v.l. in Arist.Pol. 1303b34 ;τὰ π. χρήματα Ar.Av. 1658
; , cf. S.El. 268, etc.; δοῦλοι π. Hdt.2.1 ;γέρεα Id.7.104
;θυσίαι D.Ep.3.30
codd. ;ἀρχή X.An.1.7.6
; π. δόξα hereditary glory, Id.HG7.5.16 (but πατρῴα καὶ παππῴα δόξα of our fathers and grandfathers, D.10.73) ; π. οἰκία, κλῆρος, And.1.62, Pl.Chrm. 157e, Lg. 923d, etc.;οὐσία Anaxandr.45
; ἡ εἰρήνη ἡ π. IG42(1).68.13 (Epid., iv B. C.) ;ἔχων π. ἡμῶν ὑποθήκην Sammelb. 7339.6
(i A. D.) ; π. θεοί tutelary gods of a family or people, as Apollo at Athens, S.Ph. 933, cf. Pl.Euthd. 302d, Arist.Ath.55.3, Sammelb.6262.5 (iii A. D.) ; Zeus among the Dorians, A.Fr. 162.3 ;πρὸς θεῶν π. καὶ μητρῴων X.HG 2.4.21
, cf. Th.7.69 : sg., Berl.Sitzb.1927.169 ([place name] Cyrene) ; Zeus was the θεὸς π. of Heracles, S.Tr. 288, 753 ; of Orestes, E.El. 671 ; Ζεὺς π. was also the god who protects parents' rights, Ar.Nu. 1468, Pl. Lg. 881d, etc.II = πάτριος, of or belonging to one's father,μῆλα Od.12.136
;π. πρὸς στάθμαν Pi.P.6.45
; π. ἄεθλοι imposed by him, ib.4.220; but π. ἆθλος of him, S.Ant. 856 (lyr.) ; π. γνώμη ib. 640 ; π. φόνοι, πήματα, Id.OC 990, 1196 ;π. χέρες A.Ag. 210
(lyr.), etc.; τὰ πατρώϊα the cause of one's father, opp. τὰ μητρώϊα, Hdt.3.53.—Gramm. distd. πατρῷος, as expressing patrimonial possession, from πάτριος as expressing hereditary manners, customs, institutions ; v. Ammon. Diff. s. v., AB297, Suid., etc.—The distn. holds in [dialect] Att. Prose ; but Hom. and Hdt. use πατρώϊος only, and in all these senses ; so also Trag. [ πάτριος shd. be restored in all passages in Trag. where the [ per.] 2nd syll. is made short in anap. and lyr., E.Hec.82, Tr. 162, Ba. 1368, El. 1315, Alc. 249 ; but γῆς ἀπὸ πατρωΐης ends a pentameter in IG12.978.]Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πατρῷος
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83 πλεύμων
A the lungs,πάγη δ' ἐν πλεύμονι χαλκός Il.4.528
, 20.486 (v.l.);ὁ τῶν πνευμάτων τῷ σώματι ταμίας ὁ π. Pl.Ti. 84d
, cf. 70c, Arist.Resp. 476a9, LXX 3 Ki.22.34: mostly in pl., Archil.9.5, Alc.39.1, A.Th.61, S.Tr. 567, etc.; A;πνεῦμ' ἀνεὶς ἐκ πλευμόνων E.Or. 277
; regarded as the most vital part,σπαραγμὸς.. πλευμόνων ἀνθήψατο S.Tr. 778
, cf. Ar.Lys. 367, Ra. 474; πλευμόνων πολὺς πόνος ib. 829; as the seat of love, [Κύπρις] Διὸς τυραννεῖ πλευμόνων S.Fr.941.15
.II sea-lungs, jelly-fish, Pl.Phlb. 21c, Arist. PA 681a18, Thphr.Sign.40, Pytheas ap. Plb.34.3.4; term of abuse applied by Epicurus to Nausiphanes, Epicur.Frr.114, 236. (Gramm. differ as to the forms. Eust. (483.10, 1436.62 ) and Phot. both recognize πλεύμων as the Homeric and ancient form; this was also the true [dialect] Att. form, Moer. p.309 P., Sch.Ar. Pax 1069, Eust.483.10; it is found in the best codd. of A.Th.61, S.Tr. 567, as well as in codd. of Alc. (l.c. ap.Ath.10.430b), Hp. (Art.41, Prog.23, al., cf. i p.cxx K.), Ar., Pl., and Arist., also in Pap., Phld.Ir.pp.27,28 W., and Inscr., IG42(1).122.56 (Epid., iv B. C.), and is doubtless the original form, which was altered in accordance with a supposed deriv. from πνεῦμα suggested by Arist.Resp. 476a9, cf. EM677.31. Cf. Lith. plaũčiai 'lungs', cogn. with πλέω, as 'that which floats', cf. Engl. lights, also lungs, cogn. with ἐλαφρός.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πλεύμων
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84 πόλις
A v. πτόλις) , ἡ: [dialect] Ep. forms, acc. sg. , Call.Aet.Oxy.2080.62; gen. πόλιος or πτόλιος, Il.2.811, 4.514, al.,πόληος 16.395
, al. (also Thgn.757),πόλεος Il.21.567
; dat.πόλει 5.686
, al.,πτόλεϊ 17.152
,πόληϊ 3.50
(also Tyrt.12.15): pl., nom.πόλιες Od.15.412
,πόληες Il.4.45
; gen.πολίων 1.125
, al.; dat.πολίεσσι Od.21.252
; acc.πόλεις Il.2.648
, al.,πόληας Od.17.486
, Call.Fr.9.70 P.(scanned ?πόλιςX ?πόλιςX [pron. full] ?πόλιςX ¯ IG12.826), πόλιας (disyll.) Od.8.560, 574, (trisyll.) Il.4.308 (s.v.l.,πόλεας Aristarch.
): [dialect] Ion. forms, gen.πόλεως IG12(8).356
([place name] Thasos), GDI 5653a13 ([place name] Chios), etc., also Xenoph.2.9,22, v.l. in Thgn.1043; written ([place name] Zeleia); πόλεος ib.5339.41 (Orop.), IG12(7).103 ([place name] Amorgos), Thgn. 776, etc.,πόλιος Hdt.1.26
, al., Herod.2.8, al.,πόληος Thgn.
(v. supr.), cj. in Hippon.47, cf. An.Ox.1.361; dat. mostly πόλει, butπόλῑ Hdt. 2.60
, al., πόληϊ (or -ῃ) SIG169.3 (lasos, iv B.C.): pl., usu. πόλεις, πόλεων, πόλεσι, but in Hdt.πόλιες 1.142
, al., πολίων ib.6, al., πόλισι ib. 151, al.; acc.πόλῑς 2.177
,al.,πόλιας 1.142
, 2.102, al.: [dialect] Dor. gen. sg. (Delph., ii B.C.); dat. sg.πόλι IG4.839
(Calaurea, iv B.C.); dat. pl.πολίεσι Pi.P.7.8
; πολίεσσι Foed.Lac. ap. Th.5.77 (v.l. πολίεσι), 79, IG42(1).74.4 (Epid., iii B.C.); Cret. : [dialect] Aeol. gen.πόλιος IG12(2).526a8
( πόληος is an Epicism in Alc. Supp.17.6); gen. pl.πολίων IG11(4).1064b20
; dat. pl. πολίεσσι ib. 12(2).1.6: Trag., gen. πόλεως disyll. (as also in Com., exc. Ar.Eq. 763), thrice (lyr.), S.Ant. 162, E.Or. 897:—[dialect] Att. Inscrr. earlier than 350 B.C. sts. have dat. sg. πόλῃ, IG12.108.35,22.17.10,42.5, 53.7; [dialect] Att. dualπόλη Isoc.8.116
, πόλη orπόλει Aeschin.
Socr.8 (where Choerob. cites both forms, in Theod.1.314, 136 H.); gen.τοῖν πολέοιν Isoc.4.73
: Elean nom. sg. ; gen. πόλιορ ib.20 (iii/ii B.C.):—city, Hom. ll.cc., Hes.Sc. 270, etc.; π. ἄκρη, ἀκροτάτη, = ἀκρόπολις, the citadel, Il.6.88, 20.52; which at Athens also was in early times called simply π., while the rest of the city was calledἄστυ, καλεῖται.. ἡ ἀκρόπολις μέχρι τοῦδε ἔτι ὑπ' Ἀθηναίων π. Th.2.15
; ἐν πόλει in treaties, Id.5.23,47, cf. IG12.372.1, Ar. Lys. 245, 758;ἐς πόλιν IG12.91.4
;πρὸς πόλιν Ar.Lys. 288
(lyr.); ; butἐν τῇ πόλει X.An.7.1.27
, dub. in Antipho 6.39; so Ἰνάχου π. the citadel of Argos, E.Fr.228.6; of the Cadmea at Thebes, Plu.Pel.18, cf. Str.8.6.8; of Alexandria, Eust.239.13; π. ἡ ἁγία, of Jerusalem, LXX Ne.11.1: with the name of the city added in gen., Ἰλίου π., Ἄργους π., the city of.., A.Ag.29, Ar.Eq. 813; also in appos.,ἡ Μένδη π. Th.4.130
;ἡ π. οἱ Ταρσοί X.An.1.2.26
.3 ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς πόλεως city governor, OGI113.3,134.2, al.(Cyprus, ii B.C.), Plb.5.39.3: without Art.,ἐπὶ πόλιος IG7.2809.2
(Hyettus, iii B.C.), etc.; ἐπὶ πόλεως ib.299.1 (Oropus. iii B.C.); (Ptol.);στρατηγὸς τῆς π. BGU729.1
(ii A.D.); στρατηγὸς κατὰ πόλιν, = Lat. praetor urbanus, IG14.951.2 (Rome, i B.C.).II country, as dependent on and called after its city,ἀνθρώπων οἳ τήνδε π. καὶ γαῖαν ἔχουσιν Od.6.177
, cf. Hes.Sc. 380, S.OC 1533. etc.; esp. of islands peopled by men,Αῆμνον π. Θόαντος Il.14.230
; π. Αἴαντος, = Σαλαμίς, Pi.I.5(4).48, etc.;περιρρύτας π. A.Eu.77
, cf. E. Ion 294, Ar. Pax 251 (v. Sch.); alsoδιώχληκε π. πολλὰς.., Σικελίαν, Ἰταλίαν, Πελοπόννησον, Θετταλίαν κτλ. Lys.6.6
, cf. Str.8.3.31.III community or body of citizens (opp. ἄστυ, their dwellings, Il.17.144, but inδῆμός τε π. τε Od.11.14
, π. denotes the town),ὧν π. ἀνάριθμος ὄλλυται S.OT 179
(lyr.): hence,2 state or community,ξύμπασα π. κακοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἀπηύρα Hes.Op. 240
, cf. Pi.P.2.88, S.OT22, E.Ph. 947, etc.;π. ἄνδρα διδάσκει Simon.67
; esp. free state, republic, S.Ant. 738 (cf. 734), X.Cyr.8.2.28, Arist.Pol. 1276a23;τὰ τῆς π.
state affairs, government,Pl.
Prt. 319a;π. ἡ γενῶν καὶ κωμῶν κοινωνία ζωῆς τελείας καὶ αὐτάρκους Arist.Pol. 1280b40
; τὴν π. φεύγειν shun one's public duties, D.45.66; assembly of citizens, Berl.Sitzb.1927.8 ([dialect] Locr., v B. C.). -
85 πολύς
πολύς, [dialect] Att. πολλή, πολύ; gen. πολλοῦ, ῆς, ou=; dat. πολλῷ, ῇ, ῷ; acc. πολύν, πολλήν, πολύ:—[dialect] Ion. [full] πολλός Anacr.43.3,Aπολλή, πολλόν Xenoph.9
, Democr.219, Hp.VM1, Herod.3.19; also in Trag., S.Ant.86, Tr. 1196; acc. πολλόν, πολλήν, πολλόν: Hdt. uses the [dialect] Ion. forms, but codd. haveπολύν 2.121
.δ, 3.57, v.l. in 6.125,πολύ 2.106
,3.38,6.72,7.46, 160 ( πολύ also in Heraclit.114, Democr. 244):—both sets of forms are found in [dialect] Ep., also gen. sg.πολέος Il.4.244
, etc.: nom. pl.πολέες 2.417
, al., once [var] contr.πολεῖς 11.708
; gen. πολέων (trisyll.) 5.691, (disyll.) 16.655; dat.πολέσι 10.262
,al.;πολέσσι 13.452
, al.;πολέεσσι 9.73
, Od.5.54, Hes.Op. 119, etc.; acc. πολέας (trisyll.) Il.3.126, etc., (disyll.) 1.559,2.4, Hes.Op. 580 (freq. with v.l. πολεῖς Il.15.66, etc.); in later [dialect] Ep. πολέες is used as fem., Call.Del.28, alsoπολέας Id.Dian.42
, A.R.3.21; neut.πολέα Q.S.1.74
(v. infr.):—[dialect] Ep. also have [full] πουλύς (once in Hes., Th. 190, also Thgn. 509, sts. fem. in Hom.,πουλὺν ἐφ' ὑγρήν Il.10.27
,ἠέρα πουλύν 5.776
), neut.πουλύ Od.19.387
; these forms are found in codd. of Hp. and Aret. (who uses πολύ, πουλύ and πολλόν in neut.), but not in Hdt.:— Lyr. and Trag. (lyr.) sts. use [dialect] Ep. forms, dat. sg. ; nom. pl.πολέες B.10.17
; neut. ; (fem., B.5.100); dat. pl. . [ῠalways.]I of Number, many, Il.2.417, etc.; ἐκ πολλῶν, opp. ἐξὀλίγων, Hes.Th. 447; τριηκόντων ἐτέων πόλλ' ἀπολείπων wanting many of thirty years, Id.Op. 696;παρῆσάν τινες, καὶ πολλοί γε Pl.Phd. 58d
;οὐ πολλοί τινες A.Pers. 510
: with Nouns of multitude,πουλὺς ὅμιλος Od.8.109
;πλῆθος πολλόν Hdt.1.141
;ἔθνος πολλόν Id.4.22
; later πουλὺ.. ἐπ' ἔτος many a year, AP6.235 (Thall.);π. ἦν ὁ καταπλέων Plb.15.26.10
; of anything often repeated,περὶ σέο λόγος ἀπῖκται π. Hdt.1.30
;πολλὸν ἦν τοῦτο τὸ ἔπος Id.2.2
, cf. 3.137, etc.;πολὺ.. τὸ σὸν ὄνομα διήκει πάντας S.OC 305
; often,D.
21.29; τοῦτο ἐπιεικῶς πολὺ νῦν ἐστι is fairly frequent, Luc.Hist.Conscr.15.2 of Size, Degree, Intensity, much, mighty, ὄμβρος, νιφετός, Il.10.6;π. ὕπνος Od.15.394
;πῦρ.. π. 10.359
; π. ὑμέναιος a loud song, Il.18.493; π. ὀρυμαγδός, ῥοῖζος, etc., 2.810, Od.9.315, etc.; π. ἀνάγκη strong necessity, E.Ph. 1674; π. γέλως, βοή, much or great, S.Aj. 303, 1149; μωρία ib. 745; ὄλβος, αἰδώς, A.Pers. 251, Ag. 948;ἀσφάλεια Th.2.11
; ἀλογία, εὐήθεια, Pl.Phd. 67e, Phdr. 275c, etc.b rarely of a single person, great, mighty,μέγας καὶ πολλὸς ἐγένεο Hdt.7.14
, cf. E.Hipp.1; ὁ π. σοφιστής, στρατηγός, Chor.p.23 B., Id.in Rev.Phil.1.68;ὁ πάντα π. Id.p.27
B.; ὁ πολύς alone, of Hippocrates, Gal.19.530; of Trajan, Lyd.Mag.2.28;ῥώμην σώματος πολύς D.H.2.42
.c joined with a Verb, Κύπρις γὰρ οὐ φορητός, ἢν πολλὴ ῥυῇ if she flow with full stream, metaph. from a river, E.Hipp. 443;θρασυνομένῳ καὶ πολλῷ ῥέοντι D. 18.136
; from the wind, ὡς π. ἔπνει καὶ λαμπρός was blowing strong and fresh, Id.25.57, cf. Ar.Eq. 760, AP11.49 (Even.): generally, with might or force,ὅταν ὁ θεὸς.. ἔλθῃ πολύς E.Ba. 300
;ἢν π. παρῇ Id.Or. 1200
;π. καὶ τολμηρὸς ἅνθρωπος D.40.53
: with part. and εἰμί, πολλὸς ἦν λισσόμενος was all entreaties, Hdt.9.91; ;Ἐτεοκλέης ἂν εἷς π... ὑμνοῖθ' A.Th.6
;π. ἐνέκειτο λέγων Hdt.7.158
;π. τοῖς συμβεβηκόσιν ἔγκειται D.18.199
; alsoπ. ἦν ἐν τοῖσι λόγοισι Hdt.8.59
;πρὸς ταῖς παρασκευαῖς Plb.5.49.7
;ἐπὶ τῇ τιμωρίᾳ D.S.14.107
: without a Prep.,π. ἦν τοῖς ἐπαίνοις καὶ ἐπαχθής Aeschin.2.41
; π. μὲν γὰρ ὁ Φίλιππος ἔσται will be often mentioned, Id.1.166.3 of Value or Worth,πολέος δέ οἱ ἄξιος ἔσται Il.23.562
, cf. Od.8.405;πολλοῦ ἄξιος X.An.4.1.28
, etc.;πολλῶν ἄξιος Ar. Pax 918
; περὶ πολλοῦ ποιεῖσθαί τι, Lat. magni facere, cf.περί A.
IV; ἐπὶ πολλῷ at a high price, D.8.53;ἐπὶ π. ἐρραθυμηκότες Id.1.15
; πολύ ἐστί τι it is worth much, of great conscquence, X.Oec.18.7.4 of Space, large, wide, π. χώρη, πεδίον, Il.23.520,4.244, etc.; πόντος, πέλαγος, Hes.Op. 635, S.Ph. 635;χῶρος πλατὺς καὶ π. Hdt.4.39
; λίμνη μεγάλη τε καὶ π. ib. 109;π. ἡ Σικελία Th. 7.13
;π. ἡ Ἑλλάς Pl.Phd. 78a
, etc.; πολλὸς ἔκειτο he lay outstretched wide, Il.7.156, cf. 11.307; π. κέλευθος a far way, A.Pers. 748 (troch.): withoutὁδός, πολλὴ μὲν εἰς Ἡράκλειαν.., πολλὴ δὲ εἰς Χρυσόπολιν.. X.An.6.3.16
: διὰ πολλοῦ, ἐκ πολλοῦ, v. infr. IV.5 of Time, long, (anap.), etc.;πολὺν χρόνον Il.2.343
, etc.;οὐ π. χρ. S.Ph. 348
, etc.; soπολλοῦ χρόνου Ar.Pl.98
;χρόνῳ πολλῷ S.Tr. 228
; διὰ πολλοῦ (sc. χρόνου) Luc.Nec.15;ἐκ πολλοῦ Th.1.58
, D. 21.41; πρὸ πολλοῦ long before, D.S.14.43;οὐ μετὰ πολύ Luc.Tox.54
; ἔτι πολλῆς νυκτός while still quite night, Th.8.101; πολλῆς ὥρας late in the day, Plb.5.8.3;ἤδη ὥρα πολλή Ev.Marc.6.35
;ἔτι ἔστιν ἡμέρα πολλή LXX Ge.29.7
.II Special usages:1 c. partit.gen., e.g. πολλοὶ Τρώων, for πολλοὶ Τρῶες, Il.18.271, etc.; neut., πολλὸν σαρκός, for πολλὴ σάρξ, Od.19.450: in Prose, the Adj. generally takes the gender of the gen.,τὸν πολλὸν τοῦ χρόνου Hdt.1.24
; τῆς γῆς οὐ πολλήν Th.6.7;τῆς ἀθάρης πολλήν Ar.Pl. 694
;πολλὴν τῆς χώρας X.Cyr. 3.2.2
;ὁ π. τοῦ λόγου D.44.6
; v. infr. 3.2 joined with another Adj.,πολλὰ δυστερπῆ κακά A.Ch. 277
, cf. 585 (lyr.), etc.: more freq. joined to another Adj. by καί, πολέες τε καὶ ἐσθλοί many men and good, Il.6.452, etc.;πολέες τε καὶ ἄλκιμοι 21.586
;πολλὰ καὶ ἐσθλά Od.2.312
; παλαιά τε πολλά τε ib. 188;ἄκοσμά τε π. τε Il.2.213
;πολλαί γε.. καὶ ἄλλαι Hes.Th. 363
;π. τε καὶ κακά Hdt.4.167
, etc.;π. κἀγαθά Ar.Th. 351
(butπ. ἀγαθά IG12.76.45
);π. καὶ ἀνόσια Pl.R. 416e
;π. καὶ μακάρια Id.Plt. 269d
;π. καὶ πονηρά X.Mem.2.9.6
;πολλά τε καὶ δεινά Id.An.5.5.8
;μεγάλα καὶ π. D.36.22
; π. καὶ καλοὺς (s.v.l.) κινδύνους, π. καὶ καλὰ παραδείγματα, Din.1.109.3 with the Art. (in Hom. without the Art., Il.2.483, 5.334, 22.28), of persons or things well known, Ἑλένα μία τὰς πολλάς, τὰς πάνυ π. ψυχὰς ὀλέσασ' those many lives, A.Ag. 1456 (lyr.), cf. S.OT 845, Th.3.87, Pl.Phd. 88a, Ti. 54a, Act.Ap.26.24: with abstract Nouns,τᾶς πολλᾶς ὑγιείας A. Ag. 1001
(lyr., dub.); numbers,Hdt.
1.136.b οἱ π. the many, i.e. the greater number,Ἀθηναῖοι.. ἀπῆλθον οἱ πολλοί Th. 1.126
, cf. 3.32, etc. (so in sg., ὁ πολλὸς λόγος the prevailing report, Hdt.1.75);τοῖς π. κριταῖς S.Aj. 1243
: with gen., τοῖς π. βροτῶν ib. 682;οἱ π. τῶν ἀνθρώπων X.Cyr.8.2.24
; far the most,Hp.
Aër.20 (v.l. μάλιστα for ἅπαντες); for τὰ πολλὰ πάντα, v. infr. 111.1a: hence οἱ πολλοί the people, the commonalty, opp. οἱ μείζω κεκτημένοι, Th.1.6; opp. οἱ κομψότεροι, Pl.R. 505b; οἱ π., = Lat. plebs, D.S.20.36; τῶν πολλῶν εἷς one of the multitude, D.21.96; alsoὁ π. λεώς Luc.JTr.53
, cf. Rh.Pr.17;ὁ π. ὅμιλος Id.Luct.2
. Hdn.1.1.1, etc.;ὁ π. δῆμος Luc.Apol.15
;ὁ π. ὄχλος Ph. 2.4
; ὁ π. alone, = vulgus, v.l. in D.S.2.29; the ordinary man, Epicur.Fr. 478, Phld.Rh.2.154S.;νίμμα ὁ π. λέγει, ἡμεῖς ἀπόνιπτρον λέγομεν Phryn.170
, cf.369; ὁ ἐμπαθὴς καὶ π. ἄνθρωπος 'l'homme moyen sensuel', Herm.in Phdr.p.146A.; ὁ π. ἄνθρωπος (with pl. Verb) the average man, opp. τὸ ἐξαίρετον, Eun.Hist.p.216 D.c τὸ πολύ, c. gen.,τῆς στρατιῆς τὸ πολλόν Hdt.8.100
;τὸ π. τοῦ χρόνου Hp.
Aër. 20;τῶν λογάδων τὸ π. Th.5.73
;τῶν ὅπλων τὸ π. Pl.Plt. 288b
; alsoὁ στρατὸς ὁ πολλός Hdt.1.102
;ἡ δύναμις ἡ π. Th.1.24
; ὁ π. βίοτος the best part of life, S.El. 185 (lyr.).d the most,Od.
22.273, and perh. 2.58, 17.537 (elsewh. in Hom. πολλά, as Subst., means much riches, great possessions, Il.11.684, Od.19.195);τὰ π. τοῦ πολέμου Th.2.13
; πρὸς τὸ τῶν π. μέγεθος in regard to the size of the average, Arist.Rh. 1363b11.4 pl. πολλά very much, too much, πολλὰ πράσσειν, = πολυπραγμονεῖν, E.Supp. 576, Ar.Ra. 228;π. ἔπαθεν Pi.O.13.63
, etc.; π. ἔρξαι τινά to do one much harm, A. Th. 923 (lyr.).5 πολλάς with Verbs of beating ( πληγάς being omitted), v. πληγή 1.6 πολύς repeated, , cf. A.Supp. 451; , etc.; πολλοῦ πολύς, v. infr. 111.1b: with Advbs. πολλάκις, πολλαχῇ, etc. (qq. v., cf. 111.1 e).III Adverbial usages:a neut. πολύ ([dialect] Ion. πολλόν) , πολλά, much,πόλλ' ἀεκαζομένη Il.6.458
, etc.; strengthd.,μάλα πολλά 8.22
, al.;πάνυ πολύ Pl.Alc.1.119c
; ; esp. of repetition, often, Il.2.798, Od.13.29, Hes.Op. 322; so of earnest commands and entreaties, πολλὰ κελεύων, πόλλ' ἐπέτελλον, πολλὰ λισσομένη, πολλὰ μάλ' εὐχομένω, Il.5.528, 11.782, 5.358, 9.183: with the Art., for the most part,Pl.
Prt. 315a, etc. (but with numerals, at most, Vett. Val.9.5);ὡς τὸ π. X.Mem.1.1.10
, etc.;τὰ πολλά Th.1.13
, 2.11,87, etc.;ὡς τὰ π. Id.5.65
, etc.;τὰ π. πάντα Hdt.1.203
, 2.35, 5.67.b of Degree, far, very much,ἀπέφυγε πολλὸν τοὺς διώκοντας Id.6.82
: also abs. gen. πολλοῦ very,θρασὺς εἶ πολλοῦ Ar.Nu. 915
, cf. Eup.74;πολλοῦ δύνασθαι Alciphr.1.9
(s.v.l.); πολλοῦ πολύς, πολλὴ πολλοῦ, much too much, Ar.Eq. 822,Ra. 1046.c of Space, a great way, far,οὐ πολλόν Hdt.1.104
;πολὺ οὐκ ἐξῄεσαν Th.1.15
, etc.d of Time, long,ὡς πολλὸν τοῦτο ἐγίνετο Hdt.4.126
, cf. 6.129.e of Probability, ἐὰν πολλὰ πολλῶν τέκῃς, perh. = ἐὰν πολλάκις τέκῃς,POxy. 744.9 (i B.C./i A.D.);ἐάν τι πολλὰ πολλάκις πάθω Ar.Ec. 1105
.2 πολύ is freq. joined with Adjs. and Advbs.,a with a [comp] Comp. to increase its comp. force, πολὺ μεῖζον, πολλὸν παυρότεροι, Il.1.167, Od.14.17; πολὺ μᾶλλον much more, Il.9.700; πολύ τι μᾶλλον f.l. in D.H. Comp.4 (p.22 U.-R.): with words, esp. Preps., between πολύ and its Adj., π. ἐν πλέονι, π. ἐπὶ δεινοτέρῳ, Th.1.35, Pl.R. 589e;πολὺ ἔτι ἐκ λαμπροτέρων Id.Phd. 110c
;π. σὺν φρονήματι μείζονι X.An.3.1.22
, cf.3.2.30, Smp.1.4 (but the Prep. freq. comes first,ἐκ π. ἐλάττονος And.1.109
, etc.); so πολλῷ is freq. used with the [comp] Comp., by far, A.Pr. 337, Hdt. 1.134, etc.;π. μᾶλλον S.OT 1159
, Pl.Phd. 80e; οὐ πολλῷ τεῳ ἀσθενέστερον not a great deal weaker, Hdt.1.181, cf. 2.48,67, etc.: πολύ with all words implying comparison, πολὺ πρίν much sooner, Il.9.250;π. πρό 4.373
: with the comp. Verbφθάνω, ἦ κε πολὺ φθαίη 13.815
; so πολὺ προβέβηκας ἁπάντων, πολὺ προμάχεσθαι ἁπάντων, 6.125, 11.217;προὔλαβε πολλῷ Th.7.80
: with βούλομαι, = prefer,ἡμῖν πολὺ βούλεται ἢ Δαναοῖσι νίκην Il.17.331
, cf. Od.17.404; πολύ γε in answers, after a [comp] Comp. or [comp] Sup., ἀργὸς.. γενήσεται μᾶλλον; Answ. , cf. 387e, etc.b with a [comp] Sup., πολὺ πρώτιστος, πολλὸν ἄριστος, far the first, etc., Il.2.702, 1.91, etc.;προθυμία π. τολμηροτάτη Th.1.74
, etc.;πολλόν τι μάλιστα Hdt.1.56
;π. δή, π. δὴ γυναῖκ' ἀρίσταν E.Alc. 442
(lyr.), cf. Ar.Av. 539, Archestr.Fr.34.9; alsoπολλῷ πλεῖστοι Hdt.5.92
.έ, 8.42;π. μεγίστους Id.4.82
.c with a Positive, to add force to the Adj.,ὦ πολλὰ μὲν τάλαινα, πολλὰ δ' αὖ σοφή A.Ag. 1295
; alsoἐς πόλλ' ἀθλία πέφυκ' ἐγώ E.Ph. 619
(troch.);πολὺ ἀφόρητος Luc.DMeretr. 9.3
; cf. πλεῖστος.IV with Preps.,1 διὰ πολλοῦ at a great interval of Space or Time, v. διά A.1.5, 11.2.4 ἐπὶ πολύ,a over a great space, far,οὐκ ἐπὶ πολλόν Hdt.2.32
; ἐπὶ π. τῆς θαλάσσης, τῆς χώρας, Th.1.50,4.3, etc.; to a great extent, Id.1.6,18,3.83; cf.ποιέω B.11.2
.b for a long time, long, Id.5.16;τῆς ἡμέρας ἐπὶ π. Id.7.38
, cf. 39.cὡς ἐπὶ π.
very generally,Id.
1.12 (v.l.), Archyt. ap. Stob.3.1.195;ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ π.
for the most part,Th.
2.13, Pl.Plt. 294e, etc.;μὴ καθ' ἓν ἕκαστον, ἀλλ' ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ π. Isoc.4.154
;τό γ' ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ π. Id.8.35
.6 περὶ πολλοῦ, v. supr. 1.3.7 πρὸ πολλοῦ far before,τῆς πόλεως D.H.9.35
; also of Time, οὐ πρὸ π. not long before, Id.5.62.8 σὺν πολλῷ in no small degree, only too much or too well, Hld.2.8,9.20, 10.9 (cf. CR41.53). -
86 πορσύνω
A , [dialect] Ep. - ῠνέω (v.infr.): [tense] aor. , [dialect] Ep.πόρσῡνα Od.7.347
; imper.πόρσυνον S.Ichn.304
: also [full] πορσαίνω, [dialect] Ep.Iterat.πορσαίνεσκον A.R.4.897
: [dialect] Ep.[tense] fut.- ᾰνέω (v. infr.):—in Hom always of the wife preparing her husband's bed, hence a euphem. expression for lie with the husband, share his bed, Ἀλκίνοος δ' ἄρα λέκτο μυχῷ δόμου.., πὰρ δὲ γυνὴ δέσποινα λέχος πόρσυνε καὶ εὐνήν Od.l.c., cf. 3.403; κεῖσε δ' ἐγὼν οὐκ εἶμι (says Helen)κείνου πορσυνέουσα λέχος Il.3.411
; later [dialect] Ep.λέχος.. πορσυνέεις A.R.3.1129
;λέκτρον.. πορσαίνουσα Id.4.1107
, 1119.II generally, prepare, provide,τρίτον [κρατῆρα] σωτῆρι πορσαίνοντας Pi.I.6(5).8
; δαῖτα ib. 4(3).61;βίου τροφεῖα S.OC 341
;τὸ κατ' ἆμαρ Id.Fr.593.5
;παισὶν οἷα χρὴ καθ' ἡμέραν E.Med. 1020
;Νύμφαις π. ἔροτιν Id.El. 625
;γαμβροῖς χάριν Id.Supp. 132
;τὰ ἐπιτήδεια X.Cyr.4.2.47
:—[voice] Med., provide for oneself, .2 of evils,ἐχθροῖς ἐχθρά Id.Ag. 1374
;τόνδε.. μοῖρ' ἐπόρσυνεν μόρον Id.Ch. 911
, cf. E.Andr. 1063; μεγάλα κακά ib. 352;ὅταν ὁ δαίμων ἀνδρὶ πορσύνῃ κακά Trag.Adesp. 455
;δίκην Maiist.57
;π. τοῖς πολεμίοις κακά X.Cyr.1.6.17
:—[voice] Pass.,τίνος πρὸς ἀνδρὸς τοῦτ' ἄχος πορσύνεται; A.Ag. 1251
;ἐπορσύνθη κακά Id.Pers. 267
.3 execute, order, arrange, κατὰ δώματα πορσαίνουσι manage (all things) in the house, h.Cer. 156;τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ π. Hdt.9.7
; ; ;τἄλλα πάντα Id.Aj. 1398
;πρᾶγμα π. μέγα Id.El. 670
;προκείμενον πόνον E.Alc. 1150
;μοῖρα ἑτέραν ἐπόρσυν' ὁδόν B.16.89
:—[voice] Pass.,τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ οὕτως ἐπορσύνετο X.Cyr.7.5.17
;ἅμα δὲ ταῦτα ἐπορσύνετο ἀπὸ σημείου Aen.Tact.29.9
;θεᾶς π. μῆτις
was accomplished,A.R.
1.802, cf. 2.1050.III treat with care, tend,ἐκέλευσεν ἥρωϊ πορσαίνειν δόμεν.. βρέφος Pi.O.6.33
; οὕτως ὅπως ἂν μὴ 'γκαλῇ πορσύνετε [αὐτόν] E.Rh. 878; πορσαίνειν δαίμονα honour, adore him, A.R.2.719, cf. 4.897: of things,τεὸν οἶκον ταῦτα πορσύνοντ' Pi.P.4.151
; τῶν δ' Ὁμήρου καὶ τόδε.. ῥῆμα πόρσυν' regard, esteem it, ib. 278.—Both forms are found in Pi.and A.R., only πορσύνω in Prose and prob. always to be read in Trag. (never found in Com.): πορσανέουσα was read by Aristarch. in Il.3.411, but πορσυνέουσα most codd., as in Od.ll.cc.: πορσύνων, -ουσα are expld. by ἐρεθίζων, -ουσα in Hsch. (leg. ὀροθυν-).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πορσύνω
-
87 σοφία
A cleverness or skill in handicraft and art, as in carpentry, τέκτονος, ὅς ῥά τε πάσης εὖ εἰδῇ ς. Il.15.412; of the Telchines, Pi.O.7.53; ἡ ἔντεχνος ς., of Hephaestus and Athena, Pl.Prt.32 1d; of Daedalus and Palamedes, X.Mem.4.2.33, cf. 1.4.2; in music and singing, τέχνῃ καὶ ς. h.Merc. 483, cf. 511; in poetry, Sol.13.52, Pi.O.1.117, Ar.Ra. 882, X.An.1.2.8, etc.; in driving, Pl. Thg. 123c; in medicine or surgery, Pi.P.3.54; in divination, S.OT 502 (lyr.); ; σ. δημηγορική, δικανική, ib. 365d; ἡ περὶ Ὁμήρου ς. Id. Ion 542a;οὐ σοφίᾳ ἀλλὰ φύσει ποιεῖν Id.Ap. 22b
;σημαίνοντες τὴν ς..., ὅτι ἀρετὴ τέχνης ἐστίν Arist.EN 1141a12
: rare in pl., Pi.O.9.107, Ar.Ra. 676 (lyr.), IG12.522 (vase, v B.C.).2 skill in matters of common life. sound judgement, intelligence, practical wisdom, etc., such as was attributed to the seven sages, like φρόνησις, Thgn.790, 876, 1074, Hdt.1.30,60; ἡ τῶν δεινῶν ς., opp. ἀμαθία, Pl.Prt. 360d; τὴν τότε καλουμένην σ., οὖσαν δὲδεινότητα πολιτικὴν καὶ δραστήριον σύνεσιν Plu.Them.2
; also, cunning, shrewdness, craft, Hdt.1.68, etc.; τὸ λοιδορῆς αι θεοὺς ἐχθρὰ ς. Pi.O. 9.38.3 learning, wisdom, ; opp. ἀμαθία, ib. 22e; freq. in E., e.g.μόρσιμα.. οὐ σοφίᾳ τις ἀπώσεται Heracl. 615
(lyr.); τὸ σοφὸν οὐ σοφία (v.σοφός 1.3
) Ba. 395 (lyr.), etc.; freq. in Arist., speculative wisdom, EN 1141a19, Metaph. 982a2, 995b12 (pl.), 1059a18; defined as θείων τε καὶ ἀνθρωπίνων ἐπιστήμη, Stoic.2.15; but also of natural philosophy and mathematics,σ. τις καὶ ἡ φυσική Arist.Metaph. 1005b1
, cf. 1061b33. -
88 τέρμα
A end, boundary, chiefly poet.:I goal round which horses and chariots had to turn at races,περὶ τέρμαθ' ἑλισσέμεν Il.23.309
; περὶ τ. βαλούσας, εὖ σχεθέειν περὶ τέρμα, ib. 462, 466; τέρματα θεῖναι or σημῆναι, ib. 333, 358;ἔστασεν ἐν τέρμασιν ἀγῶνος Pi.P. 9.114
; τ. δωδεκάγναμπτον, i.e. doubled twelve times, Id.O.3.33; δρόμου τέρματα dub. l. in S.El. 686; ἐξωτέρω ἀποκάμπτειν τοῦ τ. Arist. Rh. 1409b23.II generally, end, limit,δολιχῆς τ. κελεύθου Id.Pr. 286
(anap.), cf. 706, 823; ποῦ τὸ τ. τῆς φυγῆς; Id.Eu. 422: pl.,ὁδοῦ τέρματα Thgn.1166
; ἐπὶ τέρμασι τοῖσι ἐκείνης (sc. τῆς Εὐρώπης) Hdt.7.54; συνάγουσι τὰ τέρματα (oftwo rivers) they contract their bounds, i.e. draw together and so contract the space between them, Id.4.52: metaph., πλούτου τέρμα a limit to wealth, Thgn. 227.2 end, in point of time or distance, ἐπὶ τέρμ' ἀφίκετο reached the limit, was at the end, S.Aj.48; Ἑρμῆς σφ' ἄγει.. πρὸς αὐτὸτ. Id.El. 1397 (lyr.); βιότουτ. the term or end of life, death, Simon. 85.13; τ. βίου or τοῦ βίου, A.Fr. 362, S.OT 1530 (troch.), E.Alc. 643; γήρως ἐσχάτοις πρὸς τ. Id.Andr. 1081; τ. μόχθων, πόνων, ἄθλου, A.Pr. 100 (anap.), 186 (lyr.), 259;Σισύφου πέτρος ἀνήνυτος, οὗ τὰ τέρματα αὖθις ἄρχει πόνων Pl.Ax. 371e
; ἐπὶ τέρματι at last, A.Eu. 633: also τέρμα abs., like τέλος, Ps.-Phoc.138.3 culmination, highest point, goal, τ. ἀέθλων prize, Pi.I.4(3).85(67); (lyr.);πρὸς τέρμασιν ὥρας Ar.Av. 705
;τέρματα νίκης Archestr. Fr.34.10
;τ. τέχνης Parrhas. 2
; ὑγιείας ἀκόρεστον τ. the bounds of health are insatiable, A.Ag. 1002 (lyr.);ἀγχόνης τέρματα Id.Eu. 746
; θανάτου τ. E.Hipp. 140 (lyr.).4 highest power, supremacy, τ. Κορίνθου ἔχειν to be sovereign of Corinth, Simon.112;θεοὶ.. πάντων τέρμ' ἔχοντες E.Supp. 617
(lyr.); σωτηρίας γὰρ τέρμ' ἔχεις ἡμῖν μόνη you are the arbiter.., Id.Or. 1343; τ. τῆς σωτηρίας final pledge.., S.OC 725;δαίμονες οἳ φιλίης τέρματ'.. ἔχετε AP12.170
(Diosc.). (Cf. τέρμων, τέρθρον, Skt. tárati, tiráti 'cross, win through, overcome', Lat. terminus, trans, in-trare.) -
89 χέω
χέω, used in the simple form mostly by Poets, butA v. ἐγ-, κατα-, συγ-χέω; -εει is not [var] contr. by [dialect] Ep., v. Il.6.147, 9.15, Hes.Op. 421; but in Trag. and [dialect] Att. always so, ἐκ-χεῖ, συγ-χεῖς, κατα-χεῖν, S.El. 1291, E.IA37 (anap.), Ar.Eq. 1091 (hex.); for - εε no rule is observed, [tense] impf.χέε Il.23.220
; butσύγ-χει 9.612
, 13.808,χεῖσθαι Od.10.518
;κατ-έχεε Ar.Nu.74
, D.45.74; ἐν-έχει, ἐν-έχεις, ἐξ-έχει, Antipho 1.19, Ar.Pl. 1021, A.Ag. 1029 (lyr.):— -έῃ, -έο, -έου, -έω seem never to have been contracted, exc.ἐγχεῦντα Theoc.10.53
:— [tense] fut. χέω ( ἐκ-χεῶ acc. to Choerob. in Theod.2.168 H., but this is Hellenistic, LXX Je.6.11, al., ἐκ-χεεῖς ib.Ex.4.9, ἐκ-χεεῖib.Le.4.18,25, ἐκ-χεεῖτε ib.De.12.16,24, ἐκ-χεοῦσι ib.Le.4.12, προς-χεεῖς ib.Ex. 29.16, al., and the [voice] Med. χεόμενος (v. infr.) points to [dialect] Att. χέω), συγ- E.Fr. 384
, (anap.);παρα-χέων Pl.Com. 69.3
; [dialect] Ep. [tense] fut.χεύω Od.2.222
(χρειώ Aristarch.
, whence χείω Porson): [tense] aor.ἔχεα Il.18.347
, Pi.I.8(7).64, etc.; [dialect] Ep.ἔχευα Il.3.270
, 4.269,χεῦα 14.436
, Od.4.584, etc.; [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. 1 subj.χεύομεν Il.7.336
(lateἔχευσα AP14.124
(Metrod.)): [tense] pf. κέχῠκα, ([etym.] ἐκ-) Men.915, APl.4.242 (Eryc.):—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. [dialect] Att.χεόμενος Is.6.51
: [tense] aor.ἐχεάμην Hdt.7.43
, A.Pers. 220 (troch.), S.OC 477, Ar.V. 1020 (anap.); [dialect] Ep. ἐχευάμην, χευάμην, Il.5.314, 18.24, etc.; [dialect] Ep. subj. χεύεται ([etym.] περι-) Od.6.232 (perh. indic.):—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. χῠθήσομαι ([etym.] συγ-) D.23.62, cf. J.AJ8.8.5: later χεθήσομαι, ([etym.] ἐκ-) Arr.Epict.4.10.26:—[tense] aor. 1 ἐχύθην [ῠ] Od.19.590, etc.: later ἐχέθην, not in Inscrr. or Pap., f.l. in Ph.1.455, Euc.Catoptr.Prooem. (vii p.286 H., ἐγ-, ἐκ-), etc.: also [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. χύτο [ῠ] Il.23.385, Od.7.143;ἐξ-έχῠτο 19.470
; ἔχυντο, χύντο, 10.415, Il.4.526; part. χύμενος, η, ον, 19.284, Od.8.527, and Trag. in lyr., A.Ch. 401, Eu. 263, E.Heracl.76: [tense] pf.κέχῠμαι Il.5.141
, Sapph. Supp.25.12, Pi.I.1.4, etc.: [tense] plpf. [dialect] Ep.κέχῠτο Il.5.696
, etc.—[dialect] Ep. [tense] pres. [full] χείω, Hes.Th.83; later [dialect] Ep. [tense] pres. [full] χεύω both in the simple Verb and compds., Nic.Al. 381, Lyr.Alex.Adesp.35.19 (fort. Mesom.), Nonn. D.18.344, Opp.C.2.127:—[voice] Med.,χεύομαι A.R.2.926
: in later Prose [tense] pres. [full] χύνω (q.v.); χῦσαι is f.l. for λῦσαι in codd. dett. of Tryph. 205.—Rare in Prose, exc. in compds. and in [voice] Med. 0-0Radic. sense, pour:I prop. of liquids, pour out, let flow, ; , cf. Od.1.146, etc.;οἶνον χαμάδις χέε Il.23.220
;κατὰ στόματος νέκταρ Theoc.7.82
: χέει ὕδωρ, of Zeus, i.e. makes it rain, Il.16.385;ὅταν βορέας χιόνα.. χέῃ E.Cyc. 328
: abs., χέει it snows, Il.12.281 ( νειφέμεν is in l. 280): freq. of drink-offerings,χέουσα χοάς A.Ch.87
:—[voice] Med.,χοὴν χεῖσθαι νεκύεσσι Od.10.518
;χοὴν χεόμην νεκύεσσι 11.26
;χοὰς χέασθαι Hdt.7.43
, etc.: abs., Is.6.51,65:—[voice] Pass.,κέχυται Il.12.284
; κρῆναι χέονται they gush forth, E.Hipp. 748 (lyr.);ποτοῦ χυθέντος ἐς γῆν S.Tr. 704
; χέεσθαι βουτύρῳ, γάλακτι to flow with.., LXX Jb.29.6.2 χ. δάκρυα shed tears,δάκρυα θερμὰ χέοντες Il.7.426
, cf. 16.3, E.Tr.38;ἀπ' ὀφθαλμῶν Id.Cyc. 405
:—[voice] Med.,ὅσα σώματα χεῖται Pl.Ti. 83e
:—[voice] Pass., of tears, flow,δάκρυα θερμὰ χέοντο Od.4.523
;ἀπ' ὀφθαλμῶν χύτο δάκρυα Il.23.385
; of blood, to be shed, drip, (anap.), cf. Eu. 263 (lyr.).4 [voice] Pass., become liquid, melt, dissolve, τὰ κεχυμένα, opp. τὰ συνεστῶτα, Pl.Ti. 66c; of the ground in spring, X.Oec.16.12, Thphr.CP3.4.4; κεχυμένοι ὀφθαλμοί perh. moist, languishing eyes, Heph.Astr.1.1.II of solids, shed, scatter,φύλλα ἄνεμος χαμάδις χέει Il.6.147
; ;πτερὰ ἔραζε Od. 15.527
; ἐν.. ἄλφιτα χ. δοροῖσιν pour into.., 2.354; [κρέα] εἰν ἐλεοῖσιν Il.9.215
;κόνιν κὰκ κεφαλῆς 18.24
, Od.24.317; καλάμην χθονί, of a mower or reaper, Il.19.222:—[voice] Pass.,ἐν νάσῳ κέχυται σπέρμα Pi.P. 4.42
; πάγου χυθέντος when the frost was on the ground, S. Ph. 293; κέχυται νόσος has spread through his frame, Id.Tr. 853 (lyr.).2 throw up earth, so as to form a mound,σῆμ' ἔχεαν Il.24.799
; χεύαντες δὲ τὸ σῆμα ib. 801, cf. Od.1.291;τύμβον χ. Il.7.336
, etc.;θανόντι χυτὴν ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἔχευαν Od.3.258
, cf. Il.23.256.3 χ. δούρατα shower spears, 5.618:—[voice] Med., βέλεα χέοντο they showered their darts, 8.159.4 let fall, drop,κατὰ δ' ἡνία χεῦεν ἔραζε 17.619
;εἴδατα ἔραζε Od.22.20
; ἀπὸ κρατὸς χέε (v.l. for βάλε)δέσματα Il.22.468
; (lyr.) (but καρπὸν χ., of trees, not to shed their fruit, but to let it hang down in profusion, Od.11.588):—[voice] Pass., streaming down, falling,E.
Ba. 456.5 in [voice] Pass., to be heaped up, massed together, [ἰχθύες] ἐπὶ ψαμάθοισι κέχυνται Od. 22.387
, cf. 389; of dead geese, 19.539; of dung, 17.298, Il.23.775; alsoσωρὸν σίτου κεχυμένον Hdt.1.22
.6 [voice] Pass., of living beings, stream in a dense throng, Il.16.267, etc.;δακρυόεντες ἔχυντο Od.10.415
, etc.: of sheep, Il.5.141.7 of persons, ἀμφ' αὐτῷ χυμένη throwing herself around him, 19.284, Od.8.527:—[voice] Med.,ἀμφὶ φίλον υἱὸν ἐχεύατο πήχεε Il.5.314
:—[voice] Pass., of things,ἀμφὶ δὲ δεσμοὶ τεχνήεντες ἔχυντο Od.8.297
.8 [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. κέχυμαι, to be wholly engaged or absorbed in,Δᾶλος, ἐν ᾇ κέχυμαι Pi.I.1.4
; κεχυμένος ἐς τἀφροδίσια, Lat. effusus in Venerem, Luc.Sacr.5;πρὸς ἡδονήν Alciphr.1.6
.III of impalpable things:1 of the voice, φωνήν, αὐδὴν χ., Od.19.521, Hes.Sc. 396, cf. Th.83;ἐπὶ θρῆνον ἔχεαν Pi.I. 8(7).64
;Ἑλλάδος φθόγγον χέουσα A.Th.73
, cf. Supp. 632 (lyr.), Fr.36 (lyr.); of wind instruments,πνεῦμα χέων ἐν αὐλοῖς Simon. 148.8
, cf. APl.4.226 (Alc.):—[voice] Med.,κωμῳδικὰ πολλὰ χέασθαι Ar.V. 1020
(anap.):—but in [voice] Pass., κεχυμένα ᾄσματα non-rhythmical melodies, Aristid.Quint.1.13.2 of things that obscure the sight, κατ' ὀφθαλμῶν χέεν ἀχλύν shed a dark cloud over the eyes, Il.20.321; πολλὴν ἠέρα χεῦε shed a mist abroad, Od.7.15, etc. (soεὔκρατος ἀὴρ χεῖται Pl.Ax. 371d
);τῷ δ' ὕπνον ἀπήμονά τε λιαρόν τε χεύῃ ἐπὶ βλεφάροισιν Il.14.165
, cf. Od.2.395, etc.:— [voice] Pass., ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ θάνατος χύτο was shed around him, Il.13.544; ; (but πάλιν χύτο ἀήρ the mist dissolved or vanished, Od.7.143); ; ἐχεύατο πόντον ἔπι φρίξ ([voice] Med. in pass. sense) Il.7.63.3 [tense] aor. [voice] Pass., ἐχύθη οἱ θυμός his mind overflowed with joy, A.R.3.1009.4 [voice] Pass., to be dissipated, diffused, Plot. 1.4.10;οὐδὲν τοῦ χεῖσθαι δεηθέν Id.6.5.3
; to be rarefied, opp. πιλεῖσθαι, Gal.15.28. (Cf. Skt. juhóti 'pour (sacrificial offerings)', part. hutás (= χυτός), Lat. fundo, Goth. giutan 'pour'.) -
90 ἵνα
ἵνα,A Adv.,I of Place,1 in that place, there, once in Hom.,ἵ. γάρ σφιν ἐπέφραδον ἠγερέθεσθαι Il.10.127
(acc.to Eust.).2 elsewh. relat., in which place, where, 2.558, Od.9.136, Hdt.2.133,9.27,54, Pi.O.1.95, B.10.79, A.Pr.21, al., S.El.22, 855, Ar.Ra. 1231, etc.: rarely in [dialect] Att. Prose, Lys.13.72 (v. infr.), Pl.Ap. 17c, Phlb. 61b; ἵ. ἡ Νίκη (sc. ἐστίν) IG22.1407.13: rare in later Greek, Arr.An.1.3.2, Luc.Cont.22, Ind.3: with particles,ἵ. τε Il.20.478
;ἵ. περ 24.382
, Od.13.364, Lys. l.c.; ἵν' ἄν c. subj., wherever, S.OC 405, E. Ion 315; as indirect interrog., Hdt.1.179, 2.150, E.Hec. 1008.b after Hom., like other Advs. of Place, c. gen.,ἵ. τῆς χώρης Hdt.1.98
; ἔμαθε ἵ. ἦν κακοῦ in what a calamity, Id.1.213;οὐδ' ὁρᾶν ἵν' ἐ̄ κακοῦ S.OT 367
; ἵν' ἕσταμεν χρείας ib. 1442;ἵν' ἦμεν ἄτης Id.El. 936
; .c with Verbs of motion, whither, Od.4.821, al.;ὁρᾷς ἵν' ἥκεις S.OT 687
, al., Din.2.10;ιναπερ ὥρμητο Th. 4.74
.II of circumstance, γάμος.., ἵ. χρή at which, when, Od.6.27; ἵ. μὲν ἐξῆν αὐτοῖς.., ἐνταῦθα.. when it was in their power, Antipho 6.9.2 = ἐάν, dub. in Il.7.353 (v.l. ἵν' ἄν, cf. Sch.), Archil. 74.7 codd., v.l. in Din.1.1, and Pl.Chrm. 176b.B Final Conj., that, in order that, from Hom. downwards, mostly first word in the clause, but sts. preceded by an emphatic word, Pl.Chrm. 169d;ἵ. δή Il.7.26
, 23.207, Hdt.1.29, Pl.R. 420e, 610c: never with ἄν or κε (if found, these particles belong to the Verb, as in Od.12.156, E.IA 1579).I general usage:1 with subj.,a after primary tenses of ind., also subj. and imper.: [tense] pres. ind., Il.3.252, Od.2.111, X.Mem.3.2.3, Cyr.1.2.11, Isoc.3.2: [tense] pf. ind., Il.1.203, Isoc.4.129: [tense] fut., Od.2.307,4.591, X.Cyr.1.2.15; subj., S.OT 364; imper., Il.19.348,al., A.Pr.61, S.Ph. 880, Ar.Ra. 297, Pl.R. 341b, Men. 71d.b after historical tenses, in similes, where the [tense] aor. is gnomic, Od.5.490 ( αὔοι codd.); where [tense] aor. is treated as equiv. to [tense] pf., Il.9.99, Od.8.580, Hdt.5.91, Lys.1.4, D.9.26: when the purpose is regarded from the point of view of the speaker's present,σὲ παῖδα ποιεύμην ἵ. μοι.. λοιγὸν ἀμύνῃς Il.9.495
, cf. Hdt.1.29, 6.100, Th.1.44, al., Lys.1.11,12,al.c after opt. and ἄν, when opt. with οὐκ ἄν is used with sense of imper., Il.24.264, Od.6.58; after βουλοίμην ἄν.., Lys.7.12.2 with opt.,a after historical tenses, Il.5.3, Od.3.2, A. Th. 215, Lys.3.11, Pl.Prt. 314c, etc.: after the historical [tense] pres., E. Hec.11: sts. both moods, subj. and opt., follow in consecutive clauses, Od.3.77, Hdt.8.76,9.51, D.23.93,49.14.c rarely after primary tenses, by a shifting of the point of view, Od.17.250, Ar.Ra.24, Pl.R. 410c.3 with past tenses of ind.,a after unfulfilled wishes, Id.Cri. 44d.b after ind. with ἄν, to express a consequence which has not followed or cannot follow, S.OT 1389, Pl.Men. 89b, D.29.17: esp. after ἐβουλόμην ἄν.., Ar. V. 961, Lys.4.3.c after such Verbs as ἐχρῆν, ἔδει, E.Hipp. 647, Pl.Prt. 335c, Smp. 181e, Euthd. 304e, Isoc.9.5, D.24.48, Men.349.5, etc.: whenan unfulfilled obligation is implied, τεθαύμακα ὅτι οὐκ εἶπεν ( = ἔδει εἰπεῖν).. ἵ... Pl.Tht. 161c
; ἀντὶ τοῦ κοσμεῖν ( = δέον κοσμεῖν).. ἵ... D.36.47
.d after [tense] pres. ind. in general statements (including the past),οὐδὲ γὰρ τὸ εἶναι ἔχει ἡ ὕλη, ἱ. ἀγαθοῦ ταύτῃ μετεῖχεν Plot.1.8.5
.II special usages:1 like ὅπως, after Verbs of command and entreaty, is common only in later Gr. (but cf. Od.3.327 with ib.19), ἀξιοῦν ἵ... Decr. ap. D.18.155;δεήσεσθαι ἵ... D.H.1.83
;παρακαλεῖν ἵ... Arr.Epict.3.23.27
: freq. in NT,ἐκήρυξαν ἵ. μετανοήσωσιν Ev.Marc.6.12
, al.; of will, ὅσα ἐὰν θέλητε ἵ. ποιῶσιν.. ib.25: hence ἵ. c. subj. stands for infin., ἐν τούτῳ ἵ. καρπὸν φέρητε ( = ἐν τῷ φέρειν) Ev.Jo.15.8, etc.;πρῶτόν ἐστιν ἵ. κοιμηθῶ Arr.Epict.1.10.8
, cf. M.Ant.8.29; also for ὥστε, LXX Ge.22.14,al., Plu.2.333a, Porph.Abst.2.33, etc.2 because, ἵ. ἀναγνῶ ἐτιμήθην I was honoured because I read, Anon. ap. A.D.Synt.266.5, cf. Conj.243.21, Choerob.in Theod.2.257, al.; not found in literature.3 elliptical usages,a where the purpose of the utterance is stated, Ζεὺς ἔσθ', ἵν' εἰδῇς 'tis Zeus,— [I tell thee this] that thou may'st know it, S.Ph. 989;ἵ. μὴ εἴπω ὅτι οὐδεμιᾷ Pl.R. 507d
;ἵ. συντέμω D.45.5
;ἵν' ἐκ τούτων ἄρξωμαι Id.21.43
; ἵ. δῶμεν.. granted that.., S.E.P.2.34, cf. 1.79.b in commands, introducing a principal sentence, ἵ. συντάξῃς order him.., PCair.Zen. 240.12 (iii B.C.);ἵ. λαλήσῃς PSI4.412.1
(iii B.C.);ἵ. ἐλθὼν ἐπιθῇς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῇ Ev.Marc.5.23
,cf. 2 Ep.Cor.8.7, LXX 2 Ma.1.9, Arr.Epict.4.1.41, Did. ap. Sch.S.OC 156.c ἵ. τί (sc. γένηται); to what end? either abs. or as a question, Ar.Ec. 719; or with a Verb following, Id. Pax 409, cf. Pl.Ap. 26d, etc.; ἵ. δὴ τί; Ar.Nu. 1192.d in indignant exclamations, to think that.. !Σωκράτης ἵ. πάθῃ ταῦτα Arr.Epict.1.29.16
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91 ὀφθαλμός
A v. ὄψ B) eye, used by Hom. and Hes. mostly in pl.;ὀφθαλμοὶ δ' ὡς εἰ κέρα ἕστασαν.. ἀτρέμας ἐν βλεφάροισι Od.19.211
: sg., παίειν τινὰ ἐς τὸν ὀ. Hdt.9.22: the pl. continued most common, but the dual also occurs, as in Ar.Nu. 362: pl. is used in many phrases, ἐλθέμεν ἐς ὀφθαλμούς τινος before one's eyes, Il.24.204; οὐδ' Ἀχιλῆος ὀφθαλμοὺς εἴσειμι ib. 463; ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἰδεῖν, ὁρᾶσθαι, etc., 10.275, Od.4.47, etc.; but ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρᾶν, νοεῖν, to see before one's eyes, 8.459, Il.24.312; ἔχειν ἐν ὀ. to have before one's eyes, X.An.4.5.29; τὰ ἐν ὀ. what is before one's eyes, Pl.Tht. 174c; τὸ ἐν τοῖς ὀ. δὴ γελοῖον what was ridiculous to the eye, Id.R. 452d; ἐπίπροσθε τῶν ὀ. Id.Smp. 213a;πρὸ τῶν ὀ. προφαίνεσθαι Aeschin.2.148
;ἐπ' ὀφθαλμῶν Luc. Tox.20
; γενέσθαι τινὶ ἐξ ὀφθαλμῶν to get out of any one's sight, Hdt.5.106;ἐξ ὀ. ἀποπέμψασθαι Id.1.120
;ἐξ ὀ. ποιεῖν Alciphr. 3.20
; κατ' ὀφθαλμοὺς λέγειν τινί to tell one to one's face, opp. εἰς οὖς, Ar.Ra. 626; τυράννου κατ' ὀ. κατηγορεῖν to accuse him to his face, X. Hier.1.14: sg. in the phrase πρὸς ὀφθαλμὸν ἐπιχεῖν, μίσγειν, by eye, PHolm.7.23, PLeid.X.62; eyes were painted on the bows of vessels,βλοσυροῖς κατὰ πρῷραν ὀφθαλμοῖς οἷον βλέπει Philostr.Im.1.19
, cf. IG22.1607.24, Poll.1.86; whence the joke in Ar.Ach.97.2 στέρησις ὀφθαλμῶν temporary loss of sight, Gal.17(1).400.II in sg., the eye of a master or ruler, πάντα ἰδὼν Διὸς ὀ. Hes.Op. 267;Δίκης ὀ. ὃς τὰ πάνθ' ὁρᾷ Men.Mon. 179
;δεσπότου ὀ. X.Oec.12.20
; ἀκοίμητος ὀ., of God, Secund.Sent.3; so a king is calledὀ. οἴκων A.Ch. 934
(so ); and in Persia ὀφθαλμὸς βασιλέως the king's eye was a confidential officer, through whom he beheld his kingdom and subjects, A.Pers. 979(lyr.), Hdt.1.114, Ar.Ach.92, X.Cyr.8.2.10 sq., Arist.Pol. 1287b29, Ph.1.642; cf. οὖς.III the eye of heaven, ἑσπέρας ὀ., νυκτὸς ὀ., of the moon, Pi.O.3.20, A.Th. 390; also οὐράνιος ὀ., of the sun, Secund.Sent.5.IV the dearest, best, as the eye is the most precious part of the body, hence of men, ὀ. Σικελίας, στρατιᾶς, Pi.O.2.10, 6.16; also, light, cheer, comfort,μέγας <γ'> ὀ. οἱ πατρὸς τάφοι S.OT 987
, cf. E.Andr. 406.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὀφθαλμός
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92 κληίς
κληίς, ῖδος (Att. κλείς): (1) bolt, bar (see cuts Nos. 29 and 35, both from Egyptian originals); cut No. 56, in four compartments, shows above the open, below the closed door: on the left as seen from within; on the right from without. c, g, f, mark the place of the key - hole, through which the thong ( ἱμάς, Od. 1.442) ran, and the key was passed by which the bolt was first lifted (as is seen at g), ἀνέκοψεν, and then pushed back, ἀπῶσαν. The adjoining cut (No. 68), from a Greek sepulchral monument, as well as No. 29, presupposes double bolts, and above on the right we see the key as it is applied, and below on the other half of the door the loosened thong. These bolts of double doors are also called ἐπιβλής, ὀχῆες. κρυπτῇ, with hidden, concealed bolt.— (2) key, better described as hook, Il. 12.456. (See cut No. 56, f, g.)— (3) collar - bone.— (4) curved tongue of a buckle, Od. 18.294. (See cut No. 97.)— (5) pl., thole-pins, rowlocks, ἐπὶ κληῖσι, to which the oars were made fast by a thong, and round which they played, see cuts Nos. 120 and 32; for later, different arrangements, see cuts Nos. 38, 60, and the Assyrian war - ship, cut No. 37. ἐπὶ κληῖσι, translate, at the oars.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > κληίς
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93 ὑπερώϊον
ὑπερ-ώϊον, ὑπερῷον: upper chamber, upper apartments, often pl. in both forms. The ὑπερώϊον was over the women's apartment, and was occupied by women of the family, not by servants, Il. 2.514, Od. 17.101.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ὑπερώϊον
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94 ὑπερῷον
ὑπερ-ώϊον, ὑπερῷον: upper chamber, upper apartments, often pl. in both forms. The ὑπερώϊον was over the women's apartment, and was occupied by women of the family, not by servants, Il. 2.514, Od. 17.101.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ὑπερῷον
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95 χιτών
χιτών, ῶνος: tunic. The χιτών was like a shirt, but without sleeves, woollen, and white. It was worn by both men and women, next the body, and confined by a girdle, Od. 14.72. (See the cut, representing Achilles—clothed in the χίτών—taking leave of Peleus. Cf. also No. 55). There were also long tunics, see ἑλκεχίτων. Of soldiers, coat-of-mail, cuirass, Il. 2.416, Il. 11.100 (cf. cuts Nos. 12, 17, 79, 86). λάινος, ‘tunic of stone,’ fig., of death by stoning, Il. 3.57.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > χιτών
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96 γῆ
γῆGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `earth' (Il.)Other forms: Dor. γᾶ, Cypr. ζα (uncertain, s. Lejeune BSL 50 (1954). Ion. plur. γέαι innovation (Schwyzer 473 A. 4, Schwyzer-Debrunner 51, K. Meister HK 172, 253)Dialectal forms: Myc. In the Thebes tablets occurs maka, interpreted as \/Mā Gā\/ `Mother Earth' (e.g. Avrantinos-Godart-Sacconi, Thèbes...Les tablettes, 2001).Compounds: Often as first member γη- ( γα-), mostly γεω- from γη-ο- (late also γε-η- from γη-η-, γε-ο- and γειο- after - γειος \< - γη-ιος): γη-γενής `earthborn' (Ion.-Att.), γή-λοφος (Pl.), γεώ-λοφος (X.) `earthhill', γεωμετρία, - ίη `field-measuring' (Ion.-Att.), γεωργός `peasant' (Ion.-Att.) \< γη(-ο)-Ϝοργός or - Ϝεργός, cf. γαβεργός \<ὁ\> ἀγροῦ μισθωτής. Λάκωνες H. - I think the word goes back on * gaya, which was (very) early contracted to *gā; see Beekes, Pre-Greek under suffix - αι-.Derivatives: Demin. γῄδιον (Ar.); adj. γήϊνος `earthen' (Ion.-Att.), Dor. γάϊνος, γεώδης (Pl.), γεηρός (Hp., cf. s. ἐγγαροῦντες); rare γῄτης (S. Tr. 32) `peasant', cf. γαϊ̃ται γεωργοί H. and Redard Les noms grecs en - της 36; denomin. γεόομαι `become earth' (D. S.)Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unknown. Wrong Meier-Brügger, MSS 53 (1992) 113-6 (to *ǵenh₁- `beget'). Prob. to γαῖα, both Pre-Greek words. On possible Δα`Earth' see δᾶ and Δημήτηρ) and Ποσειδᾱ́ων (q.vv.); rather doubtful. For δ-\/γ- cf. γέφυρα\/ δέφυρα and Fur. 388f. I think the word goes back on * gaya, which was (very) early contracted to *gā; see Beekes, Pre-Greek under suffix - αι-. - Cf. also γέγειος.Page in Frisk: 1,303Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γῆ
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97 εἰλύω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `wind around, envelop, cover' (Il.)Other forms: (Arat. 432; καταείλυον v. l. Ψ 135 for - νυον, - νυσαν), perf. med. εἴλῡμαι, fut. κὰδ δέ... \/ εἰλύσω Φ 319, aor. κατ-ειλύσαντε (A. R. 3, 206); εἰλύομαι `wind itself and curl, sneak forward' (S. Ph. 291 and 702, `swarm' (Com.), aor. pass. ἐλύσθη `rolled', ἐλυσθείς, Theoc. 25, 246 therefor εἰλυθείς; A. R. 3, 296 εἰλυμένος).Compounds: Some prefixed compounds: κατ-ειλύω (Hdt.), δι-ειλυσθεῖσα `sneaking through' (A. R. 4, 35), ἐξ-ειλυσθέντες (Theoc. 24, 17), συν-ειλύω (EM 333, 42).Derivatives: From ἐλῠ-: ἔλῠ-τρον `envelop, shell, container' (Ion.-Att.) with ἐλυτρόομαι (Hp.); ἔλῡμα `plough-beam' (Hes., length sec., s. below), in H. also = νύσσα (`turning point in a career') καὶ τὸ ἱμάτιον, cf. εἴλυμα; ἔλῠμος a Phrygian pipe (S., Com.), in H. also `envelop'; ἔλυστα ἄμπελος μέλαινα H. (- σ- as in ἐλύσθη, s. below); deverbative ἐλύσσει εἰλεῖται H. - From εἰλῡ-: εἴλῡμα `envelop' (ζ 179 etc., cf. ἔλυμα); εἰλυθμός `hiding-place, hole' (Nic.), ap. H. = ἕλκος, τρόμος (to εἰλύομαι); εἰλυός = εἰλεός s. v.; εἴλυσις `sneaking forward' (sch. on εἰλύομαι); εἰλύτας, ἐλλύτας name of a cake' (inscr., H., ἐλύτης gramm.; s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 171f.); deverbat. εἰλύσσεται εἰλεῖται H. (cf. ἐλύσσει) with εἰλυστήριον (gloss.). - From ἀλῠ- (zero grade): ἅλυσις, ἀλύτας, s. vv. - S. also πέλλυτρον and γολύριον.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1140] *u̯el-u- `envelop, cover'Etymology: The gloss γέλουτρον ἔλυτρον, ἤγουν λέπυρον H. gives PGr. Ϝέλυ-τρον, identical with Skt. varu-tra- n. `Obergewand' (gramm.). εἰλύω can be from PGr. *Ϝελ-ν-ύ-ω and agree with Skt. vr̥ṇóti `envelop, cover' (IE *u̯l̥-ne-u-ti); but the Greek word is late and rare which makes the identification less probable, s. below. Disyllabic Ϝελυ- in (Ϝ)ελύ-σ-θη etc. (with analogical - σ-; Schwyzer 761) also in Arm. gelu-m `turn' (formation not certain) and in Lat. volvō; an iterative formation of it is Goth. walwjan, OE wealwian `revolve (onself)'. Note (Ϝ)έλῡ-μα with the same sec. long vowel as Lat. volūmen; further Arm. gelumn `turning'. - In the Greek system the perfect εἴλῡμαι \< *Ϝέ-Ϝλῡ-μαι (with long vowel; Ϝ- uncertain s. Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 131 and Schwyzer 649e) was important; both in (late) εἰλῦσαι and εἰλυσθείς and in the many nouns in εἰλῡ- it was decisive. - Ample discussion (partly diff.) in Solmsen Unt. 232ff.Page in Frisk: 1,461-462Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εἰλύω
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98 ἐπίσταμαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `be assured, know how'(Il.), also `believe' (Heraklit., Hdt.), first intr. as in ἐπιστάμενος μεν ἄκοντι Ο 282.Other forms: Fut. ἐπιστήσομαι (Il.), Aor. ἠπιστήθην (Hdt., att.)Compounds: Also with prefix, e. g. ἐξ-, συν-επίσταμαι.Derivatives: ἐπιστήμων `knowing about, expert' (Od.) with ἐπιστημονικός `of the ἐπιστήμων', usu. `belonging to knowing, to knowledge' referring to ἐπιστήμη (Arist.), ἐπιστημοσύνη (Xenokr.); also ἐπίστημος (Hp.; Chantraine Formation 152); denomin. verbs, both rare and late: ἐπιστημονίζομαι (Al.), ἐπιστημόομαι (Aq.) `become ἐπ.'. - ἐπιστήμη `understanding, knowing, knowledge' (Ion.-Att.; on the history of the meaning Snell Die Ausdrücke für die Begriffe des Wissens 81ff.); the - η- of the derivatives was favored by the adj. in - ήμων, resp. by μνή-μη, φή-μη (Chantraine 173, 148; Schwyzer 522); thus in the verbal adjective. - ἐπιστητός `what can be understood, scienticically accessible' (Pl., Arist.).Etymology: From *ἐπι-hίσταμαι with early loss of the breath and vowel contraction (resp. hyphäresis), Wackernagel KZ 33, 20f. = Kl. Schr. 1, 699f. Through the meaning development (*`stand before something' \> `be confronted with sth., take knowledge of sth.'?; first of practical professions, Bréal MSL 10, 59f., thus OHG firstān, OE forstandan; acc. to Fraenkel REIE 2, 50ff. `be on the track of, discover'; s. alo Snell l. c.) ἐπίσταμαι was also formally separated from ἵσταμαι, what lead already in Homer to a new ἐφ-ίσταμαι `stand at'. - Acc. to others old fomation without reduplication (lit. in Schwyzer 675 n. 2), after Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 3, 160 from an aorist ἐπι-στάμενος, - σταίμην newly formed.Page in Frisk: 1,542-543Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐπίσταμαι
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99 ἵστημι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `set, position oneself, make stand' (Il.)Other forms: Dor. ἵστᾱμι, med. ἵσταμαι, aor. στῆσαι, στήσασθαι, fut. στήσω, aor. pass. σταθῆναι (Od.), fut. σταθήσομαι (Att.); intr. aor. στῆναι with fut. στήσομαι, perf. ἕστηκα.Derivatives: Several, partly inherited derivations are given s.v., s. ἱστός, σταθμός, σταμῖνες, στάσις, στατήρ, στήλη, στήμων, στοά etc.; s. also στάμνος, σταυρός.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1004] * steh₂- -stand, set'Etymology: With the intr. athematic root aorist ἔ-στη-ν agrees exactly Skt. á-sthā-m, IE *h₁é-steh₂-m. Beside it stands without agreement outside Greek already in Hom. a transitive σ-aorist ἔ-στη-σ-α like ἔ-φῡ-σ-α beside ἔ-φῡ-ν a. o.; the intrans. future στή-σομαι, was originally built to ἔ-στη-ν, but was associated with the σ-aorist. Also the trans. reduplicated athematic present ἵ-στη-μι is limited to Greek; cf. τί-θη-μι, ἵ-η-μι, βί-βη-μι; both Indo-Iranian and Italo-Celtic have thematic formations, e. g. Skt. tí-ṣṭh-ati `stands' (*- sth₂-e-ti), Lat. si-st-it. The intr. perf. ἕ-στη-κ-α, pl. ἕ-στᾰ-μεν is excep for the κ-enlargment old and represents together wiht Skt. ta-stháu, pl. ta-sthi-má, Lat. ste-ti-mus an IE perfect. Old is also the verbal adjective στᾰ-τός (Il.) = Skt. sthĭ-tá- `standing', Lat. stă-tus, OWNo. sta-ðr stc, IE * sth₂tos. Details in Schwyzer 686f., 742, 755f., 762, 775f., 782. - Other IE forms are irrelevant for Greek (e. g. Lat. stō \< *stā-i̯ō = Lith. stō-ju, OCS sta-jǫ, Germ., e. g. OS OHG stān, stēn ` stehen' after gān, gēn ` gehen'), see Bq, Pok. 1004ff., W.-Hofmann s. stō etc. S. also ἱστάνω.Page in Frisk: 1,739Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἵστημι
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100 μάχομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `do battle' (Il.).Other forms: ep. also μαχέομαι ( μαχειόμενος, μαχεούμενον metr. lengthening), aor. μαχέσ(σ)ασθαι (Il.), μαχήσασθαι (D. S., Paus.), μαχεσθῆναι (Plu., Paus.), fut. μαχήσομαι (ep. Ion.), μαχέσ(σ)ομαι (Ion. a. late), μαχέομαι (Β 366), μαχοῦμαι (Att.; μαχεῖται Υ 26), perf. μεμάχημαι (Att.),Compounds: Often with prefix, e.g. δια-, συν-, ἀπο- (on ἀμφι μάχομαι Bolling AmJPh 81, 77ff.). As s. member in synthetic paroxytona like μονο-μάχ-ος `battling alone' (A., E.), m. `gladiator' (Str.), with μονομαχ-έω, - ία etc., ναυ-μάχ-ος `battling on sea' (AP; but ναύ-μαχος from μάχη, s. below).Derivatives: μάχη `battle' (Il.; on the meaning etc. Porzig Satzinhalte 233, Trümpy Fachausdrücke 135 f.); as 2. member e.g. in ἄ-, πρό-, σύμ-, ναύ-, ἱππό-μαχος with derivv. like προμαχ-ίζω, συμμαχ-έω, ναυμαχ-έω, - ία. Derivv. 1. μαχη-τής m. `battler' (Hom., LXX), Dor. μαχατάς (P.; H. μαχάταρ ἀντίπαλος), Aeol. μαχαίτας (Alk. Z 27, 5; hyperaeol.?), also derived from μάχομαι; Trümpy 128. 2. μάχ-ιμος `warlike, soldier of an Egyptian tribe' (IA.; after ἄλκιμος, Arbenz 42) with μαχιμικός `after the μάχιμοι' (pap.). 3. Μαχάων m. PN (Aeol. ep.), Ion. - έων, with Dor. Μαχαν-ίδας (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 207f., v. Wilamowitz Glaube 2, 228). -- From μάχομαι also μαχ-ήμων `martial' (Μ 247, AP) and μαχ-ητός `controllable' (μ 119; Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1, 14), ἀ-, περι-μάχ-ητος (Att.), μαχ-ητικός `prepared to fight' (Pl., Arist.; Chantraine Études 137); cf. μαχ-ήσομαι, με-μάχ-ημαι and Fraenkel 2, 79. -- Can be connected both with the noun as with the verb: -μάχᾱς, e.g. ἀπειρο-μάχᾱς `unexperienced in battle' (Pi.), λεοντο-μάχᾱς `fighting with a lion' (Theoc.); cf. Schwyzer 451.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin](X)Etymology: Beside the thematic root-present μάχομαι there is the isolated by-form μαχέομαι, prob. rather after μαχήσομαι (cf. below) than as denominative of μάχη (cf. Schwyzer 721 and Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 351). With μαχήσομαι: ἐμαχό-μην compare cases like ἀπ-εχθήσομαι: ἀπ-εχθόμην, μαθήσομαι: ἔμαθον, γενήσομαι: ἐγενόμην (Schwyzer 782). One is therefore prepared to see in ἐμαχόμην (to which μάχομαι was made) an original aorist, with which would agree, that the aorist in Hom. "auffallend selten gebraucht ist" (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 260 n. 333). When μαχεσθαι was reinterpreted as present a new aorist (after κοτέσσασθαι a. o.) μαχέσ-(σ)ασθαι would have arisen. After the type τελέσ(σ)αι: fut. τελῶ arose to μαχέσ(σ)ασθαι the new fut. μαχοῦμαι. -- In the field of fighting and battle old inherited expressions are hardly to be expected. The connection with a supposed Iran. PN * ha-mazan- prop. *"warrior" in Άμαζών (s. v.), with which also ἁμαζακάραν πολεμεῖν. Πέρσαι, ἁμαζανίδες αἱ μηλέαι H. is as original as uncertain. Within Greek it is formally possible, to connect μάχομαι with μάχαιρα and further with μῆχαρ, μηχανή (Fick BB 26, 230), which Chantr. rightly calls improbable; cf. esp. χειρο-μάχα f. (scil. ἑταιρεία) name of the workers party in Miletos after Plu. 2, 298 c; new attempt, to find a semantic basis for the connection in Trümpy 127 f. Diff. proposals in Bq and W.-Hofmann s. mactus, mactō. - The isolated root will rather be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,187-188Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μάχομαι
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