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1 ἕως 1
ἕως 1. -ωGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `dawn, day-break' (Il.).Compounds: As 1. member in ἑωσ-φόρος, Dor. ἀωσ-φόρος `bringer of dawn, morning-star' (Ψ 226, Pi. I. 4 (3), 24); see Wackernagel Unt. 100ff., where Hom. ἑωσ-φόρος is considered as ep. Atticism; s. also Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 72 and (with improbable hypothesis) Schwyzer 440 n. 8.Derivatives: ἑώϊος, ἑῳ̃ος, ἠοῖος, ἠῳ̃ος (see Wackernagel Unt. 106f.) `of the morning, eastern' (Il.), ἕωλος `belonging to dawn, a night long', of food etc. (Att. etc.; on the pejorative λ-suffix Chantraine Formation 239); adv. ἕωθεν, ep. ἠῶθεν, Dor. ἀῶθεν `from the morning on, early in the morning' (Il.) with ἑωθινός `of the morning' (Hdt., Hp.; cf. Wackernagel Unt. 104 w. n. 1, Schwyzer 490); Hom. ἠῶθι in ἠῶθι πρό `early in the morning'; explanation uncertain, cf. Schwyzer 628 n. 6, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 246.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [86] *h₂eus-ōs `dawn'Etymology: The barytonesis in ἕως as against ἠώς Wackernagel, Gött. Nachr. 1914, 49ff. (= Kl. Schr. 2, 1151ff.) thinks to explain from frequent ἕωθεν, where it is regular (Schwyzer 383). The aspiration will be due to replacement as in εὕω (Schwyzer 219; after Sommer Lautstud. 11f. however from ἑσπέρα). - PGr. *ἀ̄Ϝώς for *ἀυhώς \< IE *h₂eusṓs and is identical with Lat. aurōr-a (except the added -ā, cf. flōs: Flōr-a). Witɦ zero grade Skt. uṣā́s f. `dawn' \< *h₂usṓs. A corresponding r-stem, IE * h₂eus-r-, h₂us-r-, is seen in αὔριον (s. v.) with ἄγχ-αυρος `near the morning' (A. R. 4, 111), in Lith. aušr-à `dawn', Skt. usr-á- `of the morning', uṣar-búdh- `waking at dawn'. Of the other cognates be mentioned OCS za ustra `at dawn', Germ., e. g. OHG ōst(a)ra, -ūn `Easter'. - An ablauting full grade, *h₂u̯es-r-, in e. g. Skt. vasar-hā́ (RV. 1, 122,3), of the wind, meaning uncertain, vāsar-á- `of the morning', Celt., e. g. MIr. fāir `sunrise', IE *h₂u̯ōsr-i-. There is a sḱ-present, Skt. uccháti = Av. usaiti `lights up (of the morning)', IE *h₂us-sḱ-éti, with the full grade athematic root-aorist a-vas-ran. Uncertain Hitt. uškizzi (= [ usketsi]) `he sees' from auš-zi `he sees', 2. sg. autti (= au-ti). - More forms W.-Hofmann 1, 86 a. 87, Pok. 86f.; also Burger REIE 1, 447ff. - Cf. ἠϊκανός.Page in Frisk: 1,605-606Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἕως 1
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2 αἵνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `winnow' (Pherekr.), but see the glosses.Other forms: aor. ἧναι Further ἀ̄νέω (Ar. Fr. 694 (uncertain), Ath.), ἀφᾱνέω Ar. Eq. 394 (v.1.), ἄφηνα ἔκοψα, ἀφῆναι τὸ τὰς ἐπτισμένας κριθὰς χερσὶ τρῖψαι H.; further αἵνων· πτίσσων, ἥνας κόψας and γάναι (= Ϝᾶναι) περιπτίσαι (cod. - πτύσαι; s. Solmsen Unt. 280).Origin: XX [etym. unknown] [82]Etymology: PN Ἄνιος, Fick KZ 42, 146f.; Bechtel KZ 46, 374 compares the name of a phratry Ϝανίδαι (Argos); both quite uncertain. - One compared Lat. vannus `Futterschwinge'; and OHG wintōn `fan', Goth. dis-winÞjan `λικμᾶν'. The Germ. words seem to derive from the word for `wind' (cf. Lat. ventilare `fan', but αἵνω has no trace of the -t-. Derivation of the Greek word from * h₂weh₁- seems excluded by γάναι, which has no vowel before the F. ἀ̄νέω has been explained from *ἀ-Ϝαν-έω (Solmsen Unt. 272), which would imply a non-IE word (which is quite possible; or can we assume *h₂u̯n̥H- \> *αϜαν- ?). Note that the exact meaning of the word in unclear.Page in Frisk: 1,41Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αἵνω
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3 ἀνδρεϊφόντῃ
ἀνδρεϊφόντῃGrammatical information: adj.Meaning: Ένυαλίῳ ἀ. (B 651)Etymology: The final after ἀργεϊφόντης (q. v.); v. Wilamowitz Hom. Unt. 299 A. 10, cf. Wackernagel Unt. 172. To be read ἀνr̥φοντ-, with the zero grade of *h₂nr̥-; cf. on ἀνδροτής; Schmitt, Dichtersprache 1967, 124f.Page in Frisk: 1,105Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀνδρεϊφόντῃ
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4 δείελος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `of the afternoon, of the evening', m. `evening' (Od.)Other forms: δείελον n. `evening meal' (Call.); denomin. δειελιήσας `after the evening meal' (ρ 599; after ἑστιήσας). WW(- όν Hdn.)Derivatives: δείλη f. `afternoon, evening' (also Φ 111 unless to be read δειέλη, Wackernagel Unt. 166; Hdt.) with δειλινός (LXX), δειελινός (Theoc.). - Doubtful denominative δείλετο (η 289; Aristarch for δύσετο); Schwyzer 722f. - Uncertain εὔδειλος (Alc. POxy. 2165 I 3) to λόφος; s. Gentili Maia 2: 3, 1f.; cf. εὑδείελος.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Uncertain. Solmsen Unt. 87ff. Skt. doṣā́ `evening', Av. daōšatara- `lying towards the night, westerly', NPers. dōš `last night', IE * deus-, dous-; δείελος would have metrical lengthening for *δέελος \< *δεύσελος, δείλη from contraction. Further see δύω. Not to δῆλος. - Ruijgh, Lingua 25 (1970) 319 thinks that it must be connected with Myc. eudewero \/ eu-deiwelos?\/ ( δῆλος did not contain a F.)Page in Frisk: 1,355Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δείελος
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5 ἑστία
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `hearth, fireplace, altar', metaph.. `house, family etc.' (Od.), also with beginning of a personification as goddess of the hearth (h. Hom., Hes. Th. 454 etc.); later identified with Lat. Vesta (Str.).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in ἑστι-οῦχος `containing the hearth' = `domestic', `protecting the hearth' (trag. etc.); as 2. member in ἐφ-έστιος, Ion. ἐπ-ίστιος `on the hearth, belonging to...' (Β 125), ἀν-έστιος `without hearth' (Ι 63), συν-, ὁμ-έστιος etc.; on Att. - έστιος in Homer Wackernagel Unt. 9ff., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 15; diff. Solmsen Wortforsch. 214.Derivatives: Ίστιήϊα n. pl. `monetary means of a `I.-temple' (Miletos Va); ἑστιῶτις `belonging to hearth (house)' (S. Tr. 954 [lyr.]; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 208 n. 2); Έστ-ιασταί m. pl. name of the der H.-adorers (Rhod.; cf. Άπολλων-ιασταί a. o.); ἕστιος `belonging to the hearth' (Hld., after ὁμέστιος a. o.). As translation of Lat. Vesta, Vestālēs Έστιαῖον `Vesta-temple' (D. C.), Έστιάδες pl. `Vestales' (D. H., Plu.). Normal denomin. ἑστιάω, ἱστιάω (augm. εἱσ- in εἱστίων [Lys.] etc.), also with prefix, e. g. συν-, `receive at the hearth, feed, receive as guest' (Ion.-Att. Dor.) with several derivv.: ἑστί-ασις, -ᾱμα, - ασμός `entertain', ἑστιάτωρ ( ἱστ-) `host', with ἑστιατόριον ( ἱστια-, ἱστιη-), also ἑστιατήριον (after the nouns in - ήριον) `dining-room' (cf. Benveniste Noms d'agent 34 and 48); ἑστιατορία ( ἱστ-) `feast'. - Also ἑστιόομαι (E. Ion 1464 [lyr.] δῶμα) `get a hearth, be settled'.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: As collective- or abstractformation in - ία (cf. esp. οἰκ-ία, κλισ-ία) ἑστία, from where secondarily ἱστία, - ίη through sound-reduction or assimilation (Schwyzer 256 and 531, Lejeune Traité de phon. 208; diff. Buck IF 25, 259 [after ἵστημι] and Solmsen l. c. [unaccented ἱ-]), presupposes a noun ἑστο-, -ᾱ v. t.. - For the etymology the question of the anlaut is decisive. Against the evidence for anlaut. Ϝ-, Ϝιστιαυ (PN, Mantineia IVa), γιστία ἐσχάρη (cod. - τη) H., which are doubted, there are dialect forms, where expected F fails; s. Solmsen Unt. 213ff. Therefore the old, still defended equation with Lat. Vesta is uncertain. Another explanation has not been found: to ἐσχάρα (Solmsen l.c.), Lat. sīdus (Ehrlich KZ 41, 289ff.), ἕζομαι (Bq; with ἱστία after ἵζω?), Slav. jestěja `hearth' (Machek Lingua posnan. 5, 59ff.). - See Bq and W.-Hofmann s. Vesta; also Schwyzer 58 and 227 w. n. 1, Scheller Oxytonierung 60, Fraenkel Gnomon 22, 237, Benveniste BSL 44, 53. On Έστία in gen. Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 337f., v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 156ff. - As the wau is improbable, the old etymology is prob. incorrect; also ε \> ι is unusual, unexpected, whereas ε\/ι in Pre-Greek is frequent; so there are two serious problems. The conclusion must be that the word is of Pre-Greek origin. Cf. Furnée, 358 A 2.Page in Frisk: 1,576-577Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἑστία
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6 εὑρώς
εὑρώς, - ῶτοςGrammatical information: m.Other forms: ἔρβως εὔρως Η.Derivatives: εὑρώεις `mouldy, musty' adjunct of the Underworld (Hom., Hes.), also of πηλός (Opp.); εὑρωτιάω `be..' (Ar., Thphr.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: One compared ἱδρώς, γέλως, ἔρως etc., and concluded to an original s-stem (Schwyzer 514). No convincing etymology. Brugmann Griech. Gramm.3 197 n. 2 and Solmsen Unt. 123 n. 1 assumed *ἐ-Ϝρ-ώς "envelopper, coverer" and adduced Skt. vr̥ṇóti `hide, cover', várṇa- `colour' etc. Not with Thieme Studien 59 n. 2 as *ἐ-Ϝρώδ-ς "gnawer" to Lat. rōdere `gnaw'. - εὑρώεις (see Schwyzer 527, Chantraine Formation 274) not to be changed into ἠερόεις; s. the remarks by Solmsen, Unt. 121f.; nor to be interpreted as `rich in souls, populated by souls', to Av. urvan- `soul', urvarā `plants' (Thieme 59ff.); cf. Mayrhofer Arb. Inst. Sprachw. 4, 53. - Fur. 242 refers to the form given by Hesychius, and thinks the form is Pre-Greek, which seems quite plausible.Page in Frisk: 1,593-594Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εὑρώς
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7 ἴλη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `band, troop', esp. a section of the Spartan youth, troop of horse, = Lat. turma (Pi., S., X.).Dialectal forms: Dor. ἴλαCompounds: As 1. member in ἰλ-άρχης, also - αρχος (hell.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 145f.) with ἰλαρχέω, - ία, Boeot. Ϝιλαρχίω; H. βειλάρχας as explanation of βειλαρμοστάς (Tarent.).Derivatives: ἰλαδόν `by band, in squadron' (Β 93, Hes. Op.287, Hdt.), metr. easier than *ἰληδόν; cf. Schwyzer 626, Haas Μνήμης χάριν 1, 143.Etymology: From ἴλλαι τάξεις, συστροφαί H. appears an original *ϜίϜλαι, to ἴλλω `press together' \< *Ϝί-Ϝλ-ω (s. 1. εἰλέω). If so, ἴλη shows an unexplained reducement of the geminate with comp. lengthening. After Solmsen Unt. 227 n. 1 we have to start from *Ϝίλ-νᾱ with ι as reduction of ε as a. o. in πίλναμαι, which is however better explained analogically. Diff. Bezzenberger BB 27, 163. Cf. ἴλιγγος beside εἴλιγγος (s.v.) from homonym. εἰλέω, ἴλλω `draw, turn'; cf. Solmsen Unt. 243f.Page in Frisk: 1,722Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἴλη
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8 λιάζομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `bend, incline, shrink, recoil, sink' (Il.); rare a. late act. forms (cf. Wackernagel Unt. 131) λιάζω (Lyc., H.), λιάσαι (H.), λίασσε v. l. Ψ 879 for λίασθεν; nasalpresent λίναμαι τρέπομαι H. (cf. below), verbal adj. ἀλίαστος `not to be turned aside, undaubted, obstinate, incessant' (Il., Hes.; on the meaning Erbse Glotta 32, 236ff.).Other forms: aor. λιασθῆναιOrigin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: To the disyllabic passive aorist λια-σ-θῆναι (with anal. - σ-) belonged of old a nasalpresent λί-ν-α-μαι; as innoavtions arose the hapax λίασσε and esp. the present λιάζομαι (cf. Schwyzer 761, 693 and 734). - The not very outspoken meaning, which may have changed through literary influence (s. Leumann Hom. Wörter 208 f.), leaves much room for etymological speculation and makes certain interpretation difficult. The presens λίναμαι (see Wackernagel Unt. 206 n. 1 on the meaning) agrees formally with Skt. lināti (gramm.) `lean against', also `hide oneself, disappear', and Celt., OIr. lenaid `follow' (Wackernagel l.c.); the meaning is far away however. Semantically better fits Germ., e.g. Goth. af-linnan ' ἀποχωρεῖν', OHG bi-linnan `yield, stop, leave off' with - nn- from -nu̯- (Osthoff MU 4, 46). All verbs including Lat. linō `smear' are taken together by W.-Hofmann s. v. Further see Bq and WP. 2, 387 f., Pok. 661 f. with even more dubious connections. Cf. also ἐλινύω and λιμός.Page in Frisk: 2,119Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λιάζομαι
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9 ὄρνεον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `bird' (Ν 64).Compounds: A few late compp., e.g. ὀρνεο-θηρευτική f. `the art of bird-catching' (Ath.). -- Often as 1. member, e.g. ὀρνιθο-θήρας m. `bird-catcher' (Ar., Arist.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 93 a. 99), ὀρνιχο-λόχος m. `id.' (Pi.). Also as 2. member, e.g. δύσ-ορνις `with bad auspices' (A., E., Plu.), πολυ-όρνιθος `rich of birds' (E.).Derivatives: Besides ο῎ρνῑ̆ς, -ῑθος etc. (Il.), acc. sg. also - ιν, pl. also - εις, -ῑς (trag., D.), Dor. -ῑχος etc. (Pi., Alcm., B., Theoc., Cyrene), dat. pl. - ίχεσσι and - ιξι, to which nom. sg. - ιξ, gen. pl. - ίκων (hell. pap.) m. f. `(augural) bird', young-Att. esp. `hen, cock' (Wackernagel Unt. 165 w. n.1). - From it ὀρνε-ώδης `bird-like' (Plu.), - ώτης m. `bird-catcher' (Poll.), - ακός `avian' (Tz.), - άζομαι `to twitter' (Aq.), `to hold one's head up high' ("watching the birds", Com. Adesp.). Several derivv.: 1. Dimin. ὀρνίθ-ιον (IA.), - άριον (com., Arist.), also ὀρν-ύφιον (from ὄρνεον?; Thphr., Dsc.). Further subst. 2. - ᾶς, -ᾶ m. `poulterer' (pap. II--VIp; Schwyzer 461 w. lit.); 3. - ίαι m. pl. "bird-winds", which bring migratory birds (Ion., Arist.), χειμὼν -ίας (Ar.); cf. ἐτησίαι a.o. (Chantraine Form. 95); - ίας m. `bird-fancier' (Lib.); - ίων m. PN (Att.); 4. - ών, - ῶνος m. `henhouse' (inscr., pap.); 5. - ία f. `poisoning by bird dung' ( Hippiatr.; Scheller Oxytonierung 44). Adj. 6. - ειος `of a bird, of a chicken' (Att.); 7. - ικός `belonging to birds, hens' (Luc.); 8. τὰ -ιακά name of a work on birds by D. P. (on the formation Schwyzer 497 w. lit.); 9. - ώδης `bird-like' (Arist.). Verbs 10. - εύω `to catch birds' (X.), - εύομαι `to watch the birds, auspicari' (D.H.) with - εία f. `auspicium' (Plb.), - ευτής m. `bird-catcher' (Att.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 62), - ευτική f. `the art of bird-catching' (Pl.); 11. - όομαι `to be changed into a bird' (Philoch.); 12. - ιάζω `to speak the language of birds' (sch. Ar. Av.). -- Further ὄρν-ιος = ὀρνίθ-ειος (AP), ὀρν-ίζω `to twitter' (Aq., uncertain; cf. ὀρνεάζομαι ab.). -- On itself stands ὀρναπέτιον n. (Boeot., Ar. Ach. 913; hypocor.-contempting) with unclear α; cf. further κινώπετον, ἑρπετόν a.o., also Bechtel Dial. 1, 308. -- On the diff. formations s. Robert Mél. Niedermann (Neuchâtel 1944) 67ff.Etymology: Both ὄρν-εον and ὄρν-ῑ-ς go back on a ν-stem (in ὄρν-εον enlarged with a prob. genderindicating ε(ι)ο-suffix ( τὰ ὄρνεα older than τὸ ὄρνεον? Chantraine Form. 62; cf. Risch $ 49 a); diff. Wackernagel Unt. 165 n. 1 (stem -neu̯o-). The more usual ὄρν-ῑ-ς is an orig. feminine ῑ-deriv. (cf. Schwyzer 465 a. 573), to which analogic. or popular θ- resp. χ-suffixes were added (Schw. 510 u. 496, Chantraine Form. 366 a. 377; but s. below). The for Greek to be assumed n-stem is found back in Germ. and Hitt. word for `eagle', e.g. Goth. ara (gen. * arin-s), OWNo. are and ǫrn (\< * arn-u- with u-flexion), OE earn etc., Hitt. ḫara-š, gen. ḫaran-aš, IE * or-(e\/ o-)n-. With this interchanges an l-stem in Balto-Slavic, z.B. Lith. erẽl-is, arẽl-is, OCS orьl-ъ, Russ. orël `eagle'. Further forms, also from Armen. and Celt., in WP. 1, 135, Pok. 325f., Fraenkels. erẽlis, Vasmer s. orël; w. rich lit.; older lit. also in Bq. - The suffixes -ῑθ-, -ῑχ- may be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,421-422Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄρνεον
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10 ὄρρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `rump, arse' (Ar.), `end of the os sacrum' (Gal.).Compounds: As 1. member in ὀρρο-πύγ-ιον, Ion. ὀρσο-, s. πυγή. As 2. member in παλίν-ορσος `moving back' (Γ 33, Emp.; - ρρ- Ar. Ach. 1179), s. Wackernagel Unt. 226; prob. also in ἄψορρος, s. v.Derivatives: ὀρρώδης `belonging to the rump' (Hp., Gal.), ὀρροχμόν ἔσχατον, ἄκρον H., after νεο-χμός(?), s.v. and Belardi Doxa 3, 216f. w. lit. (wrong Specht KZ 66, 199f.).Etymology: Old inherited expression for `hindmost', which was avoided by the epic for its status (Wackernagel Unt. 224 ff.), identical with Germ., e.g. OHG ars ' Arsch', Arm. oṙ, pl. oṙ-k` (i-st.): IE * ors-o-, * ors-i-; besides OIr. err `tail' \< * h₁ersā. Phönetically unclear is Hitt. arraš `hindmost'; uncertain hypothesis by Neumann KZ 77, 79ff. (w. lit.). Against ὄρρος from *ὄρσος Forbes Glotta 36, 264ff. -- The word can be understood as enlargement of an s-stem * or(o)s-, * er(o)s- `elevation' and can then belong closely together with ὄρος `mountain' (s.v.). Further lit. in Bq, WP. 1, 138, Pok. 340. -- Cf. ὀρσοθύρη and οὑρά.Page in Frisk: 2,427Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄρρος
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11 ἀάζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `breathe with the mouth wide open' (Arist.)Derivatives: ἀασμός (Arist.).Origin: ONOM [onomatopoia, and other elementary formations]Etymology: Prob. onomatopoetic (Schwyzer Mélanges Pedersen 73 A. 2). Differently Solmsen Unt. 284 (zu ἄημι).Page in Frisk: 1,2Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀάζω
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12 ἄγνυμι
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: ἄξω, ἔαξα or ἦξα, ἔᾱγα, ἅ̆ γην or ἐᾰ́γην (on ἐά̄γη at verse end Λ 559 s. Wackernagel Unt. 141, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 18).Derivatives: ἀγή (ᾱ- in A. R. 1, 554; 4, 941); with reduplication and ablaut ἰωγή? (\< *Ϝι-Ϝωγ-ή) `shelter', if `breaking' ( the wind; ξ 533), also im comp. ἐπιωγαί, -ή (ε 404 usw.) dissimilated from *ἐπι-ϜιϜωγαί (but see Bechtel Lex.) `places of shelter'. ἄξος (hardly from σ-aor.) = ἀγμός (Crete). Not PlN Όάξος, i.e. Ϝάξος (Hdt. 4, 154). γακτός (Ϝ-)· κλάσμα H. On Ϝαγανο- s. CEG 6.Etymology: As *Ϝάγ-νυμι (Ϝ certain in Homer) to Toch. wāk- `split apart', caus. `split'. - Ϝωγ- \< * uoh₂g-. Perhaps to Lat. vāgīna `Scheide', cf. Scheide to scheiden. Improbable vervāctum `fallow ground' from *vēre vāctum (Pisani REIE 3, 59ff.).Page in Frisk: 1,13Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄγνυμι
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13 ἄγρα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `hunting, prey' (Od.)Compounds: Instruments: πυράγρα `fire-tongs' (Il.), κρεάγρα `meat-tongs' (Ar.); ὀδοντάγρα `tooth-tongs'; diseases: ποδάγρα `podagra'; in - άγρετος: αὑτάγρετος `self-chosen' (Od.). The interpretation of these words is debated. βοάγρια, ἀνδράγριον `what was taken from a cow (= shield)', from a man, spoils of a slain enemy'.Derivatives: ἀγρεύς `hunter' (Pi.); on the meaning of ἀγρέτης see Redard Les noms grecs en -της 236 A. 58; - ἀγρώσσω `catch' (Od.), cf. Schwyzer 733 ζ. ἀγρέω `take, seize' (Il.; only ipv. ἄγρει, - τε; but see Wackernagel Unt. 166f.), Aeol. ipv. κατάγρεντον.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The relation between ἄγρα and ἀγρέω is unclear. Against ἀγρέω as denominative from ἄγρα Schwyzer 727 A.1. McKenzie, Cl. Quarterly 15, 46f and 125, wants to separate the two words. DELG is inclined to accept this (I see no reason why then ἄγρα would have to be connected with ἄγω). It is said that ἀγρέω and αἱρέω influenced each other, but where? - Connection with the Indo-Iranian words is now rejected (see Frisk, DELG). From Celtic are compared W. aer `battle' (\< *agrā), Ir. ár n. `defeat' (\< * agrom), Gaul. peoples name Veragri. - Fur. (s. index) thinks ἀγρέω is a substr. word, because of the prenasalized forms (Thess. αγγρε-), because of the form with αι for α ( Έξαίγρετος on coins from Asia Minor, Vendryes, Mél. Boisacq 2, 331-334; this form I find hardly reliable), because of the variant ἐγρέω, and because of the metathesized form αργειτε. Non-IE origin is for both words quite possible.See also: ζωγρέωPage in Frisk: 1,15-16Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄγρα
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14 ἀδελφεός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `brother' (Il.)Derivatives: ἀδελφιδέος, - δέη, Att. - δοῦς, - δῆ `nephew', `niece'. ἀδελιφήρ· ἀδελφεός, Λάκωνες H. will be contamination with φράτηρ.Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: With α copulativum (*sm̥- `one') and a word for `womb', cf. H.: ἀδελφοί οἱ ἐκ τῆς αὑτῆς δελφύος γεγονότες. δελφὺς γὰρ ἡ μήτρα. The - ε- cannot be from - εϜ- (Cret. - ιος); - eio-, of the adj. of material, Wackernagel Unt. 52f. From an expression *φράτηρ ἀδελφεός, as in Skt. sagarbhya- (cf. ὁμογαστριος). Att. ἀδελφός from contracted forms like ἀδελφοῦ \< - εοῦ. As the inherited word for `brother', φράτηρ, got primarily a religio-political meaning (cf. φράτρα, φρατρία), and perhaps also because the word could also be used for other members of the family of the same stage, like nephews, a term for the brother proper was needed. One has thought that the word derived from pre-Greek societies with mother-right (Kretschmer Glotta 2, 201ff.), but it may have been created in a society with concubines ( παλλακή; Gonda Mnem. 15 (1962) 390-2).See also: δελφύςPage in Frisk: 1,19Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀδελφεός
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15 ἀΐσσω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `move quickly, dart, rush (upon)' (Il.)Compounds: ἀ- always long in Hom. except ὑπαΐξει (Φ 126; incidental shortening? Chantr. Gramm. hom. 110; ἀΐξῃ (A. R. 3, 1302), elsewhere mostly short. - πολυ-άϊξ, κορυθ-άϊξ; also τριχ-άϊκες? (q.v.).Derivatives: ἀῑκ-ή `Ansturm' (Ο 709); a root noun ἄϊξ in ἀνέμων ἄικας ( ἀίκας?; α and ι long) A.R. 4, 820.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Unexplained. Since Osthoff PBBeitr. 8, 271 taken as intensive *Ϝαι-Ϝικ-ι̯ω and compared with Skt. ve-vij-yá-te `to raise, flee, move quickly'. But there is no trace of a F (Solmsen Unt. 189) and the long ι remains unexplained. Danielsson IF 14, 386ff. reconstructs *αἰϜ-ῑκ- and compares αἰόλος.Page in Frisk: 1,45-46Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀΐσσω
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16 ἀλαός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `blind' (Il.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The explanation from λάω `see' is too abstract-logical (and it should have been barytone). A.B. 1095 says the word was Cypriot, which may mean that it belongs to the Achaean layer in Homer; s. Ruijgh, Élément ach. 160. - The usual word is τυφλός.Page in Frisk: 1,64Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλαός
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17 ἄλοξ
ἄλοξ, - κοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `furrow' (Trag., Com.).Other forms: Also αὖλαξ (Hes.), ὦλκα, - ας acc. sg., pl. (Hom.), Dor. ὦλαξ EM 625, 37and in ὁμ-ώλακες (A. R. 2, 396). Further εὑλάκᾱ `plough' with the Lacon. fut. inf. εὑλαξεῖν (Orac. ap. Th. 5, 16); and αὑλάχα ἡ ὕννις H. and *ὄλοκες (cod. ὀλοκεύς) αὔλακες H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The relation between these forms was unclear. Solmsen Unt. 258ff. explained ὦλκα from *ἄϜολκα ( κατὰ ὦλκα Ν 707 for original *κατ' ἄϜολκα); it is strange that this form did not live on. Beside *ἀ-Ϝολκ- the zero grade would give *ἀ-Ϝλακ- in αὖλαξ. The root was supposed in Lith. velkù, OCS vlěkǫ, Av. varǝk- `draw'; one could assume * h₂uelk-. This is tempting, but must not be correct. If the Balto-Slavic words are isolated (there is further only Av. vǝrǝc-), the verb may be non-IE; also it is rather * uelkʷ-, which makes the connection with Greek impossible; further there is no trace of the verb in Greek, which has ἔλκω \< *selk-. εὑλάκα can no longer be explained from different prothesis, *ἐ-Ϝλακ-. But ἄλοξ cannot be explained in this way: metathesis of *αϜολκ- would give *αυλοκ-; an after the F had disappeared, metathesis was no longer possible (only contraction to *ωλκ-). - I see no reason to reject ὀλοκ-. ὦλαξ was perhaps taken from a compound, like ὁμώλακ-, which would give *ολακ-. - Pisani JF 53, 29 derived αὖλαξ from αὑλός and separated it from ἄλοξ etc., which is improbable. - The variants are strongly reminiscent of substr. words, as Beekes Dev. 40 held (withdrawn ib. 275-7). Variation of prothetic ε\/α\/ο\/αυ\/ευ is typical of substr. words, as is κ\/χ ( αὐλάχα). So more probably we have to assume a substr. word. The start with the Homeric form was wrong: it is the only form that has no vowel between λ and κ, and is therefore suspect. If we assume labialised phonemes, like lʷ, a reconstruction * alʷak- gives all forms: αὖλαξ (by anticipation of the labial feature; which gives ὦλαξ by contraction), ἄλοξ (influence on the second vowel ; ὀλοκ- on both vowels), interchange α\/ε gave εὐλακ-; see Beekes Pre-Gr., and cf. ἀρασχάδες etc. Homer might have had *κατ' ὠλακ(α), which became unclear during the tradition.Page in Frisk: 1,77Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄλοξ
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18 ἁμαρτή
Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `at the same time, together' (Il.).Other forms: -ή Aristarchos, otherwise -ῆ, -ῃ̃, prob. wrongly.Derivatives: ἁμαρτήδην (Schol. Φ 162, H.), prob. the `same' form as in Ν 584 ὁμαρτήδην (Wackernagel Hom. Unt. 70).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [ ] Gr.Etymology: Old instrumental (in - eh₁ \> -ή, which form also explains the accent) of a verbal adjective *ἅμαρτος `joined together, coming together' ( ἅμα and ἀραρίσκω). From here prob. also ἁμαρτέω `meeting together', which is mostly written ὁμαρτέω (Il.), q.v. Bechtel Lex. s. v.See also: ὅμηροςPage in Frisk: 1,87Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἁμαρτή
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19 ἄορον
Grammatical information: m.Etymology: One assumes *sm̥-u̯oros `locking' (s. εἷς); cf. OCS. za-vorъ ` μοχλός', Russ. za-vórъ `to block a passage with bars' (Solmsen Unt. 297), to OCS za-vrěti `shut' (\< * ver-ti) and Lith. su-vérti `shut' (* uerH-), Skt. api-vr̥ṇoti `lock', perh. Lat. operio id.; s. Schulze Kl. Schr. 672, Bechtel Dial. 1, 445. But the meaning of *sm̥- is not clear; so rather * h₂uerH-, which confirms Lubotsky's analysis of Skt. vr̥ṇóti `to shut' as * Huer- (Indoarisch, Iran. Indogerm. ed. Forssman 2000, 315-325).Page in Frisk: 1,117Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄορον
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20 ἀπολαύω
Grammatical information: v.Etymology: Mostly connected with λεία, Dor. λᾱίᾱ (\< *λᾱϜ-ίᾱ) `booty', for which an IE root *lāu̯- `seize, enjoy' is assumed, found in isolated nouns. λᾱϜ- requires * leh₂u-. Lat. lucrum (\< * lu-tlo-m) `gain' could then be * lh₂u-tlom (Schrijver 1991, 240), Germ., Goth. laun n. `reward' could be * leh₂u-no-, but OCS lovъ `catch, chase', loviti `catch, chase' would require * lh₂eu-, which is an improbable formation. (Not to Skt. lotra-, lota- `booty' (lex.): from MInd. loptra-, Wackernagel Ai. Gramm. 1, 91). But - λαϜ could be *lh₂u̯-, but not *leh₂u̯- (\> *λᾱϜ)-), and in both cases the F would disappear; * leh₂u-s- would give *λαυσ-. Not to λᾱρός. S. λεία.Page in Frisk: 1,123-124Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀπολαύω
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