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1 γλῶσσα
γλῶσσα, ης, ἡ (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, En; TestJob 43:12; Test12Patr; JosAs 13:8; GrBar 3:6; ApcSed; AscIs 3:18; Philo, Joseph., Just., Tat.)① organ of speech, tongueⓐ lit. (Did., Gen. 88, 26) Lk 16:24; as an organ of speech (Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 31, 195 χαλεπώτατόν ἐστιν τὸ γλώττης κρατεῖν; Did., Gen. 46, 26 ὄργανον λόγου ἐστὶν ἡ γ.) Mk 7:33, 35; (Vi. Aesopi I G 7 P.: Isis heals the mute Aesop τὸ τραχὺ τῆς γλώττης ἀποτεμοῦσα, τὸ κωλῦον αὐτὸν λαλεῖν ‘cutting off the rough part of his tongue that prevented him from speaking’) Lk 1:64; Ro 3:13 (Ps 5:10; 13:3; cp. Hes., Op. 322–26); 14:11 (Is 45:23); Js 1:26; 3:5f, 8 (Apion in the schol. on Od. 3, 341 κράτιστον τῶν μελῶν ἡ γλῶσσα.—JGeffcken, Kynika usw. 1909, 45–53; GAvdBergh vEysinga, NThT 20, ’31, 303–20). 1J 3:18; διὰ τῆς γ. w. the tongue, i.e., in speaking 1 Cor 14:9 (Just., A I, 16, 8 διὰ γλώττης). παύειν τὴν γ. ἀπὸ κακοῦ keep the tongue from (saying) evil things 1 Pt 3:10; 1 Cl 22:3 (both Ps 33:14). Synon. στόμα 35:8 (Ps 49:19); Rv 16:10; 1 Cl 15:4f (Ps 77:36; 11:4f). τὸ ἐπιεικὲς τῆς γ. moderation of the tongue 21:7. μάστιξ γλώσσης words of reproof 56:10 (Job 5:21). Conceited speech 57:2 (cp. 3 Macc 2:17). Of evil tongues Hv 2, 2, 3. ἠγαλλιάσατο ἡ γλῶσσά μου my tongue exulted (the organ for the pers., cp. πούς 1b) Ac 2:26; 1 Cl 18:15 (both Ps 15:9). τὴν γ. προβάλλειν put out the tongue, hiss of a dragon Hv 4, 1, 9.ⓑ fig., of forked flames Ac 2:3 (=לְשׁוֹן אֵשׁ Is 5:24; cp. En 14:9f).② a body of words and systems that makes up a distinctive language, language, tongueⓐ of the language itself (Hom. et al.; PGiss 99, 9; Philo, Mos. 2, 40; Jos., Ant. 10, 8; 158; Just., D. 102, 4) Ac 2:6 v.l., 11; language λαλεῖν ἑτέραις γλώσσαις Ac 2:4. On this s. ἕτερος 2 end.; B-D-F §480, 3.ⓑ of language viewed in terms of pers. using it, language, tongue: πᾶσα γ. every language=every person, regardless of the language that pers. speaks Ro 14:11; Phil 2:11 (Is 45:23; cp. POxy 1381, 198: Ἑλληνὶς δὲ πᾶσα γλῶσσα τὴν σὴν λαλήσει ἱστορίαν καὶ πᾶς Ἕλλην ἀνὴρ τὸν τοῦ Φθᾶ σεβήσεται Ἰμούθην; PGM 12, 188) IMg 10:3. As a distinctive feature of nations γ. can be used as a synonym of φυλή, λαός, ἔθνος (Is 66:18; Da 3:4, 7 al.; Jdth 3:8; AscIs 3:18) Rv 5:9; 7:9; 10:11; 11:9; 13:7; 14:6; 17:15; 2 Cl 17:4 (Is 66:18).③ an utterance outside the normal patterns of intelligible speech and therefore requiring special interpretation, ecstatic language, ecstatic speech, tongue, γλῶσσαι, γένη γλωσσῶν, (ἐν) γλώσσῃ/-αις λαλεῖν (λαλούντων διὰ τοῦ πνεύματος γλώσσαις Iren. 5, 6, 1 [Harv. II 334, 3]) 1 Cor 14:1–27, 39; 12:10, 28, 30; 13:1, 8; Ac 10:46; 19:6. Always without the article (in 1 Cor 14:22 αἱ is anaphoric; vs. 9 belongs under mng. 1a). There is no doubt about the thing referred to, namely the strange speech of persons in religious ecstasy. The phenomenon, as found in Hellenistic religion, is described esp. by ERohde (Psyche3 1903, Eng. tr. 1925, 289–93) and Reitzenstein; cp. Celsus 7, 8; 9. The origin of the term is less clear. Two explanations are prominent today. The one (Bleek, Heinrici et al.) holds that γλῶσσα here means antiquated, foreign, unintelligible, mysterious utterances (Diod S 4, 66, 7 κατὰ γλῶτταν=according to an old expression). The other (Rtzst., Bousset et al.) sees in glossolalia a speaking in marvelous, celestial languages. On ἑρμηνεία γλωσσῶν 1 Cor 12:10 (cp. 14:26) s. ἑρμηνεία.—γλώσσαις καιναῖς λαλεῖν Mk 16:17.—On ‘speaking in tongues’ s. HGunkel, Die Wirkungen d. hl. Geistes2 1899; HWeinel, D. Wirkungen d. Geistes u. d. Geister im nachap. Zeitalter 1899; ELombard, De la Glossolalie chez les premiers chrétiens 1910; EMosiman, Das Zungenreden geschichtl. u. psychol. unters. 1911. WReinhard, D. Wirken d. hl. Geistes 1918, 120ff; KLSchmidt, Die Pfingsterzählung u. d. Pfingstereignis 1919 (against him PSchmiedel, PM 24, 1920, 73–86); HGüntert, Von der Sprache der Götter u. Geister 1921, 23ff; AMackie, The Gift of Tongues 1922; HRust, D. Zungenreden 1924; FBüchsel, D. Geist Gottes im NT 1926, 242ff; 321ff; GCutten, Speaking with Tongues 1927; IMartin, 3rd, Glossolalia in the Apostolic Church: JBL 63, ’44, 123–30; JDavies, Pentecost and Glossolalia: JTS n.s. 3, ’52, 228–31; FBeare, JBL 83, ’64, 229–46; SCurrie, Int 19, ’65, 274–94; RHarrisville, CBQ 38, ’76, 35–48; RAC XI 225–46; EDNT I 251–55.—B. 230; 1260. Frisk. DELG s.v. γλῶχες. M-M. TW. Sv. -
2 διάλεκτος
διάλεκτ-ος, ἡ,A discourse, conversation, Hp.Art.30;θεοῖς πρὸς ἀνθρώπους Pl.Smp. 203a
; discussion, debate, argument, Id.Tht. 146b; opp. ἔρις, Id.R. 454a.II speech, language, Ar.Fr. 685;καινὴν δ. λαλῶν Antiph. 171
; δ. ἀμνίου, opp. τὰ ἔνδον δράκοντος, Hermipp.3; articulate speech, language, opp. φωνή, Arist.HA 535a28;τοῦ ἀνθρώπου μία φωνή, ἀλλὰ διάλεκτοι πολλαί Id.Pr. 895a6
; but also, spoken, opp. written language, D.H.Comp.11.2 the language of a country, Plb.1.80.6, D.S.5.6, etc.: esp. dialect, as Ionic, Attic, etc., Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.213, D.H.Comp.3, S.E.M.1.59, Hdn.Gr.2.932; also, local word or expression, Plu.Alex.31.2 pl., modes of expression, Epicur.Ep.1p.24U.IV style, πανηγυρική, ποιητικὴ δ., D.H.Comp.23,21: esp. poetical diction, Phld.Po. 2 Fr.33, al.V of musical instruments, quality, 'idiom', Arist. de An. 420b8.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > διάλεκτος
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3 αισχρολογία
αἰσχρολογίᾱ, αἰσχρολογίαfoul language: fem nom /voc /acc dualαἰσχρολογίᾱ, αἰσχρολογίαfoul language: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)——————αἰσχρολογίαι, αἰσχρολογίαfoul language: fem nom /voc plαἰσχρολογίᾱͅ, αἰσχρολογίαfoul language: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic) -
4 δυσφημία
δυσφημίᾱ, δυσφημίαill language: fem nom /voc /acc dualδυσφημίᾱ, δυσφημίαill language: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)——————δυσφημίαι, δυσφημίαill language: fem nom /voc plδυσφημίᾱͅ, δυσφημίαill language: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic) -
5 ευεπία
εὐεπίᾱ, εὐέπειαbeauty of language: fem nom /voc /acc dual (ionic)εὐεπίᾱ, εὐέπειαbeauty of language: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric ionic aeolic)εὐεπίᾱ, εὐεπίηbeauty of language: fem nom /voc /acc dualεὐεπίᾱ, εὐεπίηbeauty of language: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic) -
6 εὐεπία
εὐεπίᾱ, εὐέπειαbeauty of language: fem nom /voc /acc dual (ionic)εὐεπίᾱ, εὐέπειαbeauty of language: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric ionic aeolic)εὐεπίᾱ, εὐεπίηbeauty of language: fem nom /voc /acc dualεὐεπίᾱ, εὐεπίηbeauty of language: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic) -
7 ευεπίη
εὐέπειαbeauty of language: fem nom /voc sg (epic ionic)εὐεπίηbeauty of language: fem nom /voc sg (epic ionic)——————εὐέπειαbeauty of language: fem dat sg (epic ionic)εὐεπίηbeauty of language: fem dat sg (epic ionic) -
8 ευλογία
εὐλογίᾱ, εὐλογίαgood or fine language: fem nom /voc /acc dualεὐλογίᾱ, εὐλογίαgood or fine language: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)——————εὐλογίαι, εὐλογίαgood or fine language: fem nom /voc plεὐλογίᾱͅ, εὐλογίαgood or fine language: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic) -
9 ιερολογία
ἱερολογίᾱ, ἱερολογίαmystical language: fem nom /voc /acc dualἱερολογίᾱ, ἱερολογίαmystical language: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)——————ἱερολογίαι, ἱερολογίαmystical language: fem nom /voc plἱερολογίᾱͅ, ἱερολογίαmystical language: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic) -
10 ομοφωνήτε
ὁμοφωνέωspeak the same language with: pres imperat act 2nd pl (doric aeolic)ὁμοφωνέωspeak the same language with: pres subj act 2nd plὁμοφωνέωspeak the same language with: pres ind act 2nd pl (doric aeolic)ὁμοφωνέωspeak the same language with: imperf ind act 2nd pl (doric aeolic) -
11 ὁμοφωνῆτε
ὁμοφωνέωspeak the same language with: pres imperat act 2nd pl (doric aeolic)ὁμοφωνέωspeak the same language with: pres subj act 2nd plὁμοφωνέωspeak the same language with: pres ind act 2nd pl (doric aeolic)ὁμοφωνέωspeak the same language with: imperf ind act 2nd pl (doric aeolic) -
12 χυδαιζόμενον
χυδαίζομαιto be used in vulgar language: pres part mp masc acc sgχυδαίζομαιto be used in vulgar language: pres part mp neut nom /voc /acc sgχυδαϊζόμενον, χυδαίζομαιto be used in vulgar language: pres part mp masc acc sgχυδαϊζόμενον, χυδαίζομαιto be used in vulgar language: pres part mp neut nom /voc /acc sg -
13 βάρβαρος
βάρβαρος, ον (onomatopoetic formation; Aeschyl., Hdt.+; loanw. in rabb. [Dalman, Gram.2 183, 185]) gener. pert. to what is foreign (esp. from the perspective of one who knows Greek and is familiar w. Hellenic culture; the components ‘foreign in language’ and ‘foreign in culture’ are ordinarily linked) ‘non-Hellenic’① w. focus on strangeness of language: pert. to using a language that is unintelligible to outsiders, foreign-speaking, of foreign tongue adj. or noun 1 Cor 14:11 (cp. Hdt. 2, 158; Aristoph., Av. 199 and its scholia [Ltzm. on 1 Cor 14:11]; Ovid, Tristia 5, 10, 37 barbarus hic ego sum, quia non intellegor ulli ‘I’m a barbarus here, because no one understands me’; Ps 113:1).② w. focus on non-Hellenic association: pert. to not speaking Greek or participating in Gk. cultureⓐ adj. not Hellenic πόλεις Ἑλληνίδας κ. βαρβάρους Dg 5:4.ⓑ subst. a non-Hellene, foreigner (the Engl. loanw. ‘barbarian’ is freq. used in a derogatory sense and is therefore inappropriate for rendering [as NRSV, REB et al.] the Gk. term when it appears without the negative contexts of some texts composed after the Persian wars, e.g. Demosth. 26, 17) contrasted w. Hellenes (the Neo-Platonist Amelius [III A.D.] calls the writer of John’s gospel a β.: Eus., PE 11, 19, 1) Ἕλληνες κ. βάρβαροι Ro 1:14 (cp. Ps.-Eur., Rhes. 404; Pla., Theaet. 175a; Chariton 6, 3, 7; SIG 360, 12 and 27; 867, 32; OGI 765, 16ff; IAndrosIsis p. 124, 31 ἐγὼ διαλέκτους Ἕλλησι καὶ βαρβάροις ἔταξα=125, 27 [but διετάξάμην]; Philo, Abr. 267; Jos., Ant. 4, 12; 8, 284 al.—The Romans refused to be classified as β.: Jüthner [s. Ἕλλην 1] p. 62; MPohlenz, Stoa II ’49, 139); cp. Col 3:11 (44th Ep. of Apollonius of Tyana [Philostrat. I 354, 25]: there is no difference betw. people εἴτε βάρβαρος εἴτε καὶ Ἕλλην.—THermann, ThBl 9, 1930, 106f). Of the inhabitants of Malta, who apparently spoke in their native language Ac 28:2, 4 (here β. certainly without derogatory tone; indeed, Luke transforms the ‘foreigners’ into ‘Hellenes’ by noting their extraordinary hospitality παρεῖχον οὐ τὴν τυχοῦσαν φιλανθρωπίαν; cp. Warnecke, Romfahrt 111–18).—AEichhorn, βάρβαρος quid significaverit, diss. Leipz. 1904; HWerner, Barbarus: NJklA 41, 1918, 389–408; RAC I 1173–76; JAC 10, ’67, 251–96. S. Ἕλλην 1.—DELG. M-M. TW. Sv. -
14 αποθειώσεις
ἀποθείωσιςfumigation: fem nom /voc pl (attic epic)ἀποθείωσιςfumigation: fem nom /acc pl (attic)ἀποθειόωclothe in mystical language: aor subj act 2nd sg (epic)ἀποθειόωclothe in mystical language: fut ind act 2nd sgἀ̱ποθειώσεις, ἀποθειόωclothe in mystical language: futperf ind act 2nd sg (doric aeolic) -
15 ἀποθειώσεις
ἀποθείωσιςfumigation: fem nom /voc pl (attic epic)ἀποθείωσιςfumigation: fem nom /acc pl (attic)ἀποθειόωclothe in mystical language: aor subj act 2nd sg (epic)ἀποθειόωclothe in mystical language: fut ind act 2nd sgἀ̱ποθειώσεις, ἀποθειόωclothe in mystical language: futperf ind act 2nd sg (doric aeolic) -
16 καινολογία
καινολογίᾱ, καινολογίαstrange language: fem nom /voc /acc dualκαινολογίᾱ, καινολογίαstrange language: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)——————καινολογίᾱͅ, καινολογίαstrange language: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic) -
17 καλλιλεξία
καλλιλεξίᾱ, καλλιλεξίαbeauty of language: fem nom /voc /acc dualκαλλιλεξίᾱ, καλλιλεξίαbeauty of language: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)——————καλλιλεξίᾱͅ, καλλιλεξίαbeauty of language: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic) -
18 καλλιλογία
καλλιλογίᾱ, καλλιλογίαelegance of language: fem nom /voc /acc dualκαλλιλογίᾱ, καλλιλογίαelegance of language: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)——————καλλιλογίᾱͅ, καλλιλογίαelegance of language: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic) -
19 κοινολεξία
κοινολεξίᾱ, κοινολεξίαordinary language: fem nom /voc /acc dualκοινολεξίᾱ, κοινολεξίαordinary language: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)——————κοινολεξίᾱͅ, κοινολεξίαordinary language: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic) -
20 ομοφωνή
ὁμοφωνέωspeak the same language with: pres subj mp 2nd sgὁμοφωνέωspeak the same language with: pres ind mp 2nd sgὁμοφωνέωspeak the same language with: pres subj act 3rd sg
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