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61 δίδωμι

δίδωμι (Hom.+) by-form διδῶ (B-D-F §94, 1; Rob. 311f) Rv 3:9 (δίδω Tregelles, δίδωμι v.l.), 3 sg. διδοῖ (GrBar 7:2), 3 pl. διδόασι; impf. 3 sg. ἐδίδου, ἐδίδει (Hs 6, 2, 7; cp. Mk 4:8 cod. W), 3 pl. ἐδίδουν, ἐδίδοσαν J 19:3; ptc. διδῶν (Hs 8, 3, 3); fut. δώσω; 1 aor. ἔδωκα, subj. 3 sg. δώσῃ J 17:2; Rv 8:3 v.l. (on this W-S.§14, 9; B-D-F §95, 1; Rob. 308f), 1 pl. δώσωμεν Mk 6:37 v.l., 3 pl. δώσωσιν Rv 4:9 v.l.; pf. δέδωκα; plpf. ἐδεδώκειν (and without augm. δεδώκειν Mk 14:44; Lk 19:15; J 11:57); 2 aor. subj. 3 sg. δῷ J 15:16 (δώῃ v.l.); also in the form δώῃ Eph 1:17; 2 Ti 2:25 (in both δῷ as v.l.): in all these cases read δώῃ subj., not δῴη opt., s. below; δοῖ Mk 8:37 (B-D-F §95, 2; Mlt. 55; Rdm.² 97f and Glotta 7, 1916, 21ff; GKilpatrick in Festschrift JSchmid ’63, 135), pl. δῶμεν, δῶτε, δῶσιν; 2 aor. opt. 3 sg. Hellenist. (also LXX) δῴη for δοίη Ro 15:5; 2 Th 3:16; 2 Ti 1:16, 18 (on Eph 1:17; 2 Ti 2:25 s. above); 2 aor. impv. δός, δότε, inf. δοῦναι, ptc. δούς; pf. δέδωκα LXX. Pass.: 1 fut. δοθήσομαι (W-S. §14, 8ff); 1 aor. ἐδόθην; pf. δέδομαι.

① to give as an expression of generosity, give, donate as a gen. principle: μακάριόν ἐστιν μᾶλλον διδόναι ἢ λαμβάνειν it is more blessed to give than to receive Ac 20:35 (Theophyl. Sim., Ep. 42 τὸ διδόναι ἢ τὸ λαβεῖν οἰκειότερον); cp. 1 Cl 2:1; Hm 2:4ff (the contrast δίδωμι … λαμβάνω is frequently found: Epicharmus, Fgm. 273 Kaibel; Com. Fgm. Adesp. 108, 4 K.; Maximus Tyr. 32, 10c ὀλίγα δούς, μεγάλα ἔλαβες; Sir 14:16; Tat. 29, 2).—On the logion Ac 20:35 s. Unknown Sayings 77–81: giving is blessed, not receiving (cp. EHaenchen on Ac 20:35; Aristot., EN 4, 3, 26; Plut., Mor. 173d). S. μᾶλλον 3c. δὸς τοῖς πτωχοῖς give to the poor Mt 19:21 (HvonCampenhausen, Tradition u. Leben ’60, 114–56). τινὶ ἔκ τινος give someone some (of a substance: Tob 4:16; Ezk 48:12) Mt 25:8. S. also 7:11; 14:7.

② to give someth. out, give, bestow, grant δ. δακτύλιον εἰς τὴν χεῖρα put a ring on the finger Lk 15:22 (cp. Esth 3:10—δίδωμί τι εἰς τ. χεῖρα also Aristoph., Nub. 506; Herodas 3, 70). give τινί τι someth. to someone τὸ ἅγιον τοῖς κυσίν Mt 7:6 (Ps.-Lucian, Asin. 33 τὰ ἔγκατα τοῖς κυσὶ δότε).—A certificate of divorce to one’s wife 5:31 (Dt 24:1; conversely of the wife Just., A II, 2, 6 ῥεπούδιον δοῦσα); without dat. 19:7. Of bread (w. dat. or acc. somet. to be supplied fr. the context) 26:26f; Mk 2:26; 14:22; Lk 6:4; 11:7f; 22:19; J 21:13 (difft. Mt 14:19; 15:36; Mk 6:41; 8:6 the disciples transfer to others what they have received). W. inf. foll. δ. τινὶ φαγεῖν give someone someth. to eat Mt 14:16; 25:35, 42; Mk 5:43; 6:37; J 6:31 al. (cp. Gen 28:20; Ex 16:8, 15; Lev 10:17); someth. to drink Mt 27:34; Mk 15:23; J 4:7; Rv 16:6 (Hdt. 4, 172, 4; Aristoph., Pax 49; Jos., Ant. 2, 64; schol. on Nicander, Alexiph. 146 δὸς πιεῖν τί τινι, without dat. 198; PGM 13, 320 δὸς πεῖν[=πιεῖν]; Jos., Ant. 2, 64).—τὰς ῥάβδους GJs 9:1.—Lk 15:29 (Hipponax 43 Deg.).

③ to express devotion, give δόξαν δ. θεῷ give God the glory, i.e. praise, honor, thanks (Josh 7:19; Ps 67:35; 1 Esdr 9:8; 2 Ch 30:8 and oft.) Lk 17:18; J 9:24 (practically=promise under oath to tell the truth); Ac 12:23 al. δόξαν καὶ τιμήν (2 Ch 32:33) give glory and honor Rv 4:9. Through a sacrificial offering θυσίαν δ. bring an offering Lk 2:24 (cp. Jos., Ant. 7, 196 θυσίαν ἀποδοῦναι τ. θεῷ).

④ to cause to happen, esp. in ref. to physical phenomena, produce, make, cause, give fig. extension of mng. 1 ὑετὸν δ. (3 Km 17:14; Job 5:10; Zech 10:1; PsSol 5:9) yield rain Js 5:18; send rain Ac 14:17. τέρατα cause wonders to appear Ac 2:19 (Jo 3:3). Of heavenly bodies φέγγος δ. give light, shine Mt 24:29; Mk 13:24 (cp. Is 13:10). Of a musical instrument φωνὴν δ. (cp. Ps 17:14; 103:12; Jdth 14:9; Pind., N. 5, 50b [93]) produce a sound 1 Cor 14:7f.

⑤ to put someth. in care of another, entrust

ⓐ of things entrust τινί τι someth. to someone money Mt 25:15; Lk 19:13, 15; the keys of the kgdm. Mt 16:19; perh. Lk 12:48. W. εἰς τὰς χεῖρας added J 13:3 (cp. Gen 39:8; Is 22:21; 29:12 al.) or ἐν τῇ χειρί τινος 3:35 (cp. Jdth 9:9; Da 1:2; 7:25 Theod.; 1 Macc 2:7). Of spiritual things J 17:8, 14; Ac 7:38.

ⓑ of pers. τινά τινι entrust someone to another’s care J 6:37, 39; 17:6, 9, 12, 24; Hb 2:13 (Is 8:18).

⑥ to engage in a financial transaction

ⓐ of payment pay, give τινί τι Mt 20:4; 26:15; 28:12; Mk 14:11; Lk 22:5; Rv 11:18. Fig. repay someone (Mélanges Nicole, var. contributors, JNicole Festschr. 1905, p. 246 [HvanHerwerden=PLips 40 III, 3 p. 129] λίθῳ δέδωκεν τῷ υἱῷ μου; Ps 27:4) Rv 2:23. Of taxes, tribute, rent, etc. τινὶ ἀπό τινος pay rent of someth. Lk 20:10 (cp. 1 Esdr 6:28). τὶ pay (up), give someth. Mt 16:26; 27:10; Mk 8:37; δ. κῆνσον, φόρον καίσαρι pay tax to the emperor (Jos., Bell. 2, 403) Mt 22:17; Mk 12:14; Lk 20:22. Of inheritance pay out a portion of property Lk 15:12.

ⓑ as commercial t.t. for bookkeeping λόγον δ. render account (POxy 1281, 9 [21 A.D.]; PStras 32, 9 δότω λόγον; cp. Phil 4:15) Ro 14:12.

ⓒ of a bank deposit, equivalent to τιθέναι put, place, deposit ἀργύριον ἐπὶ τράπεζαν put money in the bank Lk 19:23.

⑦ appoint to special responsibility, appoint (Num 14:4) κριτάς judges Ac 13:20; w. double acc. appoint someone someth. (PLille 28, II [III B.C.] αὐτοῖς ἐδώκαμεν μεσίτην Δωρίωνα) τοὺϚ μὲν ἀποστόλους some (to be) apostles Eph 4:11. τινὰ κεφαλήν make someone head 1:22. Also δ. τινὰ εἴς τι B 14:7 (Is 42:6).

⑧ to cause someth. to happen, give (Philo, Leg. All. 3, 106 δ. χρόνον εἰς μετάνοιαν) δ. γνῶσιν σωτηρίας= to give (his people) knowledge of salvation = to tell (his people) how to be saved Lk 1:77.

⑨ to bear as a natural product, yield, produce of a field and its crops καρπὸν δ. yield fruit (Ps 1:3) Mt 13:8; Mk 4:7f; fig. ἔδωκεν μοὶ Κύριος καρπὸν δικαιοσύνης αὐτοῦ GJs 6:3 (Pr 11:30).

⑩ to dedicate oneself for some purpose or cause, give up, sacrifice τὸ σῶμά μου τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν διδόμενον my body, given up for you Lk 22:19 (cp. Thu. 2, 43, 2; Libanius, Declam. 24, 23 Förster οἱ ἐν Πύλαις ὑπὲρ ἐλευθερίας τ. Ἑλλήνων δεδωκότες τὰ σώματα; of Menas δ. ἀπροφασίστως ἑαυτόν ‘gave of himself unstintingly’ OGI 339, 19f; Danker, Benefactor 321–23; for use of δ. in a testamentary context cp. Diog. L. 5, 72); ἑαυτὸν (τὴν ψυχὴν) δ. give oneself up, sacrifice oneself (ref. in Nägeli 56; 1 Macc 6:44; 2:50) w. dat. 2 Cor 8:5. λύτρον ἀντι πολλῶν give oneself up as a ransom for many Mt 20:28; Mk 10:45 (ἀντί 3). Also ἀντίλυτρον ὑπέρ τινος 1 Ti 2:6. ὐπέρ τινος for or because of a person or thing J 10:15 v.l.; Gal 1:4; Tit 2:14; AcPl Ha 8, 24 (on the form of these passages s. KRomaniuk, NovT 5, ’62, 55–76). ἑαυτὸν δ. τῷ θανάτῳ ISm 4:2 (cp. Just., A I, 21, 2 πυρί); δ. ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὸ θηρίον face the beast Hv 4, 1, 8.

⑪ to cause (oneself) to go, go, venture somewhere (cp. our older ‘betake oneself’) (Polyb. 5, 14, 9; Diod S 5, 59, 4; 14, 81, 2; Jos., Ant. 7, 225; 15, 244) εἰς τὸ θέατρον Ac 19:31; εἰς τὴν ἔρημον GJs 1:4.

⑫ to use an oracular device, draw/cast lots Ac 1:26.

⑬ to grant by formal action, grant, allow, freq. of God (cp. 7 above) ἐξουσίαν δ. (Hippol., Ref. 5, 26, 21 grant someone the power or authority, give someone the right, etc. (cp. TestJob 20:3; Jos., Ant. 2, 90, Vi. 71) Mt 9:8; 28:18; 2 Cor 13:10; Rv 9:3; 1 Cl 61:1; τοῦ πατεῖν ἐπάνω τινός tread on someth. Lk 10:19. τὴν σοφίαν τοῦ γράψαι τὴν ἱστορίαν ταύτην the ability to write this account GJs 25:1. ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς δύναμιν καὶ ἐξουσίαν ἐπί Lk 9:1 (cp. Just., D. 30, 3 ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ δύναμιν). ταῦτά σοι πάντα δώσω i.e. put them under your control Mt 4:9 of the devil. Simple δ. w. inf. (Appian, Liby. 19 §78 ἢν [=ἐὰν] ὁ θεὸς δῷ ἐπικρατῆσαι 106 §499) δέδοται it is given, granted to someone γνῶναι τὰ μυστήρια to know the secrets Mt 13:11; cp. ἡ δοθεῖσα αὐτῷ γνῶσις B 9:8 (Just., D. 7, 3 εἰ μή τῳ θεός δῷ συνιέναι) ἔδωκεν ζωὴν ἔχειν he has granted (the privilege) of having life J 5:26. μετὰ παρρησίας λαλεῖν to speak courageously Ac 4:29 and oft. Rather freq. the inf. is to be supplied fr. the context (Himerius, Or. 38 [4], 8 εἰ θεὸς διδοίη=if God permits) οἷς δέδοται sc. χωρεῖν Mt 19:11. ἦν δεδομένον σοι sc. ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν J 19:11. W. acc. and inf. foll. (Appian, Mithrid. 11, §37; Heliodorus 5, 12, 2 δώσεις με πιστεύειν) οὐδὲ δώσεις τὸν ὅσιόν σου ἰδεῖν διαφθοράν you will not permit your holy one to see corruption Ac 2:27; 13:35 (both Ps 15:10). ἔδωκεν αὐτὸν ἐμφανῆ γενέσθαι granted that he should be plainly seen 10:40. δὸς … ῥαγήναι τὰ δέσμα grant that our chains be broken AcPl Ha 3,11f. Pregnant constr.: grant, order (Diod S 9, 12, 2 διδ. λαβεῖν=permit to; 19, 85, 3 τὶ=someth.; Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 125 §524 ὁ καιρὸς ἐδίδου=the opportunity permitted; Biogr. p. 130 ἐδίδου θάπτειν τ. ἄνδρα) ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς ἵνα μὴ ἀποκτείνωσιν orders were given them not to kill Rv 9:5; cp. 19:8.—Of an oath w. double inf. Lk 1:73f. S. also 17 below.

⑭ to cause to come into being, institute περιτομὴν δ. institute circumcision B 9:7.

⑮ give up, someth. that has been under one’s control for a relatively long time, give up, give back ἡ θάλασσα τ. νεκρούς the sea gave up its dead Rv 20:13.

⑯ to proffer someth., extend, offer χεῖρα hold out one’s hand (to someone) Ac 9:41 (cp. 1 Macc 6:58; 2 Macc 12:11; Jos., Bell. 6, 318). (τὸν) μαστὸν τῇ παῖδι GJs 5:2; 6:3.

⑰ In many phrases this word relates to an activity or an abstract object, and with tr. freq. determined by the noun object; cp. 13 above.

ⓐ of humans: of a plan conceived in a meeting give counsel or advice: δ. for ποιεῖν (cp. κατά A2b β and s. s.v. συμβούλιον), which is read by some mss., in συμβούλιον δ. conspired (against Jesus) Mk 3:6. ἀφορμὴν δ. give an occasion (for someth.) 2 Cor 5:12; Hm 4, 1, 11; μαρτυρίαν δ. give testimony 1 Cl 30:7; δ. τὸ μαρτύριον bear witness AcPl Ha 4, 28; γνώμην δ. give an opinion 1 Cor 7:25; 2 Cor 8:10; ἐγκοπὴν δ. cause a hindrance 1 Cor 9:12; ἐντολὴν δ. command, order J 11:57; 12:49; 1J 3:23; ἐντολὴν καινὴν δ. give a new commandment J 13:34; εὔσημον λόγον δ. speak plainly or intelligibly 1 Cor 14:9; παραγγελίαν δ. give an instruction 1 Th 4:2; δ. τὴν ἐν [κυρίῳ σφραγίδα] seal in the Lord AcPl Ha 11, 23 (restored after the Coptic); προσκοπὴν δ. put an obstacle in (someone’s) way 2 Cor 6:3; δ. ἐκδίκησιν take vengeance 2 Th 1:8; ῥάπισμα δ. τινί slap someone J 18:22; 19:3; σημεῖον δ. give a sign Mt 26:48; τόπον δ. τινί make room for someone (Plut., Gai. Gracch. 840 [13, 3]) Lk 14:9; fig. leave room for Ro 12:19 (cp. τόπος 4); Eph 4:27. ὑπόδειγμα δ. give an example J 13:15; φίλημα δ. τινί give someone a kiss Lk 7:45.—δὸς ἐργασίαν Lk 12:58 is prob. a Latinism=da operam take pains, make an effort (B-D-F §5, 3b note 9; Rob. 109), which nevertheless penetrated the popular speech (OGI 441, 109 [senatorial decree 81 B.C.]; POxy 742, 11 [colloq. letter 2 B.C.] δὸς ἐργασίαν; PMich 203, 7; 466, 33f [Trajan]; PGiss 11, 16 [118 A.D.]; PBrem 5, 8 [117/119 A.D.]).

ⓑ esp. oft. of God (Hom. et al.) and Christ: give, grant, impose (of punishments etc.), send, of gifts, peace τινί τι Eph 4:8; 1 Cl 60:4; τινί τινος give someone some of a thing Rv 2:17. Also τινὶ ἔκ τινος 1J 4:13. τὶ εἴς τινα 1 Th 4:8 (Ezk 37:14); εἰς τὰς καρδίας put into the hearts Rv 17:17 (cp. X., Cyr. 8, 2, 20 δ. τινί τι εἰς ψυχήν). Also ἐν τ. καρδίαις δ. (cp. ἐν 3) 2 Cor 1:22; 8:16 (cp. Ezk 36:27). εἰς τὴν διάνοιαν Hb 8:10 (Jer 38: 33); ἐπὶ καρδίας Hb 10:16 (δ. ἐπί w. acc. as Jer 6:21, and s. Jer 38:33 ἐπὶ καρδίας αὐτῶν γράψω). W. ἵνα foll. grant that Mk 10:37.—The pass. occurs very oft. in this sense (Plut., Mor. 265d; 277e) Lk 8:10; Rv 6:4; 7:2; 13:7, 14f and oft. ἐκδίκησιν διδόναι τινί inflict punishment on someone 2 Th 1:8; βασανισμὸν καὶ πένθος δ. τινί send torment and grief upon someone Rv 18:7; ὄνομα δ. GJs 6:2, χάριν δ. (Jos., Bell. 7, 325) Js 4:6; 1 Pt 5:5 (both Pr 3:34); GJs 14:2; υἱοθεσίαν AcPl Ha 2, 28; 9,12; ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν 2, 30f; μεγαλεῖα 6,13. W. gen. foll. over someone Mt 10:1; Mk 6:7; J 17:2.—B. 749. Schmidt, Syn. 193–203. DELG. M-M. TW.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > δίδωμι
62 θαλασσουργών

θαλασσουργῶν

θαλασσουργέω

to be busy with the sea: pres part act masc nom sg (attic epic doric)

θαλασσουργός

one who works on the sea: masc gen pl

Morphologia Graeca > θαλασσουργών
63 θαλασσουργῶν

θαλασσουργῶν

θαλασσουργέω

to be busy with the sea: pres part act masc nom sg (attic epic doric)

θαλασσουργός

one who works on the sea: masc gen pl

Morphologia Graeca > θαλασσουργῶν
64 θαλαττουργοίς

θαλαττουργοῖς

θαλασσουργοῖς, θαλασσουργέω

to be busy with the sea: pres opt act 2nd sg (attic epic doric)

θαλασσουργοῖς, θαλασσουργός

one who works on the sea: masc dat pl

Morphologia Graeca > θαλαττουργοίς
65 θαλαττουργοῖς

θαλαττουργοῖς

θαλασσουργοῖς, θαλασσουργέω

to be busy with the sea: pres opt act 2nd sg (attic epic doric)

θαλασσουργοῖς, θαλασσουργός

one who works on the sea: masc dat pl

Morphologia Graeca > θαλαττουργοῖς
66 θαλαττουργών

θαλαττουργῶν

θαλασσουργῶν, θαλασσουργέω

to be busy with the sea: pres part act masc nom sg (attic epic doric)

θαλασσουργῶν, θαλασσουργός

one who works on the sea: masc gen pl

Morphologia Graeca > θαλαττουργών
67 θαλαττουργῶν

θαλαττουργῶν

θαλασσουργῶν, θαλασσουργέω

to be busy with the sea: pres part act masc nom sg (attic epic doric)

θαλασσουργῶν, θαλασσουργός

one who works on the sea: masc gen pl

Morphologia Graeca > θαλαττουργῶν
68 γῆ

γῆ, ἡ, occasionally in Hom., freq. in Hes., and the only form in [dialect] Att. Prose for γαῖα: dual

A γαῖν A.Pers. 736
: pl. rare, γαῖ Arist.Pr. 934b9
, γέαι SIG279.40
([place name] Zelea), etc., AP9.430 (Crin.): gen. γεῶν Hdt.4.198
, GDI5755.14 ([place name] Mylasa); γῶν BGU 993 iii 10
(ii B. C.): acc. γέας [Democr.] 299, SIG46.3 (Halic.), γᾶς PTeb.6.31
(ii B. C.), Str. 2.5.26; Cypr. ζᾶς Inscr.Cypr.135.30
H.: dat. pl. γέαις prob. in CIG 2693f9 ([place name] Mylasa), LW415.9 (ibid.):— earth (including land and sea, Sapph.Supp.5.2) opp. heaven, or land opp. sea, Γῆ τε καὶ Ἠέλιος καὶ Ἐρινύες Il.19.259
, cf. 3.104; τίς γῆ; Od.13.233; γῆς περίοδοι Hdt.4.36
, Arist.Mete. 362b12, title of work by Hecat.: personified, Il. l.c., A.Th.69, Pers. 629, etc.; κατὰ γῆν on land, by land, opp. ναυσί, Th. 1.18; opp. ἐκ θαλάσσης, Id.2.81; κατὰ γῆν στέλλεσθαι X.An.5.6.5
, etc.; ἐπὶ γῆς on earth, opp. νέρθε, S.OT 416; κατὰ γῆς below the earth, A.Ch. 377, 475, etc.; κάτω γῆς S.OT 968
; ὑπὸ γῆς Id.Fr. 572
; γᾶς ὑπένερθε Pi.Fr. 292
: gen. with local Adverbs, ἵνα γῆς E.Andr. 168
; ποῦ, ποῖ, ὅποι γ., S.OT 108, Ph. 1211, El. 922; ὅπου γ. Ar.Av. 9
.

2 earth, as an element, Xenoph.27, Anaxag.4, Pl.Prt. 320d, Lg. 889b, Arist.Metaph. 989a5, Cael. 306a18, etc.

b γῆν καὶ ὕδωρ αἰτεῖν, as tokens of submission, Hdt.5.18, Lycurg.71; γῆν καὶ ὕδωρ διδόναι Hdt.5.18
, al.

II land, country, καὶ γῆν καὶ πόλιν A.Eu. 993
; γῆν πρὸ γῆς ἐλαύνεσθαι, διώκειν, from land to land, Id.Pr. 682, Ar. Ach. 235; ἡ ἁγία γῆ LXX Wi.12.3
; one's native land, Tyrt.12.33, Thgn.1213, A.Supp. 890 (lyr.), S.OC 441, E.Ph. 1090; freq. omitted with art., ἐκ τῆς ἐμαυτοῦ (sc. γῆς) δραπέτας Id.Heracl. 140
, etc.

2 freq. in Trag., city, αὐτός τε καὶ γῆ δορὶ πεσοῦσ' Ἑλληνικῷ Id.Tr. 868
.

III the earth or ground as tilled, ἄροτον γῆς S.OT 270
; γᾶ φθίνουσα ib. 665, etc.; τὴν γῆν ἐργάζεσθαι, θεραπεύειν, till the ground, Pl.R. 420e, X.Oec.5.12; τὰ ἐκ τῆς γῆς φυόμενα Id.Mem.4.3.10
.

2 estate, farm, γῆν πρίασθαι Lys.32.23
; ἐπὶ γῇ δανείζειν lend on mortgage, D.36.6.

IV of particular kinds of earth or minerals, e.g. fuller's earth. Thphr.Char.10.14, cf. Gal.12.168; Κιμωλία γ. Ar.Ra. 712
, cf. Hp.Mul.2.189.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > γῆ
69 διά

διά, poet. [full] διαί ([dialect] Aeol. [full] ζά, q.v.), Prep. governing gen. and acc.— Rad. sense,

A through; never anastroph. [Prop. δῐᾰ: but Hom. uses [pron. full] ῑ at the beginning of a line, Il.3.357, 4.135, al.: also ᾱ, metri gr., freq. in Hom., for which A. uses [full] διαί in lyr., Ag. 448, al.]

A WITH GEN.

I of Place or Space:

1 of motion in a line, from one end to the other, right through, in Hom. freq. of the effect of weapons, διὰ μὲν ἀσπίδος ἦλθε.. ἔγχος καὶ διὰ θώρηκος.. Il. 3.357
; δουρὶ βάλεν Δάμασον κυνέης διά 12.183
; δι' ὤμου.. ἔγχος ἦλθεν 4.481
; in Prose, τιτρώσκειν διὰ τοῦ θώρακος X.An.1.8.26
; διὰ τοῦ ὀρόφου ἐφαίνετο πῦρ ib.7.4.16: also of persons, διὰ Σκαιῶν πεδίονδ' ἔχον ὠκέας ἵππους out through the Scaean gate, Il.3.263; δι' ἠέρος αἰθέρ' ἵκανεν quite through the lower air even to the ether, Il.14.288, cf. 2.458; διὰ Τρώων πέτετο straight through them, 13.755; δι' ὄμματος.. λείβων δάκρυον S.OC 1250
, etc.: also in Compos. with πρό and ἐκ, v. διαπρό, διέκ: in adverbial phrases, διὰ πασῶν (sc. χορδῶν), v. διαπασῶν:
διὰ πάσης
throughout, Th.1.14
;
διὰ κενῆς
idly, Id.4.126
, etc. (cf.111.1.c).

2 of motion through a space, but not in a line, throughout, ouer, ἑπόμεσθα διὰ πεδίοιο Il.11.754
; δι' ὄρεσφι 10.185
, al.; ὀδύνη διὰ χροὸς ἦλθε through all his frame, 11.398; τεῦχε βοὴν διὰ ἄστεος Od.10.118
; δι' ὁμίλου Il.6.226
, etc.; θορύβου διὰ τῶν τάξεων ἰόντος X.An.1.8.16
, cf. 2.4.26, etc.; later, in quoting an authority,
ἱστορεῖ δ. τῆς δευτέρας
in the course of.., Ath.10.438b
.

3 in the midst of, Il.9.468; κεῖτο τανυσσάμενος δ. μήλων Od.9.298
; between, δ. τῶν πλευρέων ταμόντα Hp.Morb.2.61
: hence, of pre-eminence, ἔπρεπε καὶ δ. πάντων Il.12.104
; τετίμακε δι' ἀνθρώπων Pi.I.4(3).37
; εὐδοκιμέοντι δ. πάντων Hdt.6.63
, cf. 1.25, etc.

4 in Prose, sts. of extension, along, παρήκει δ. τῆσδε τῆς θαλάσσης ἡ ἀκτή Id.4.39
(but πέταται δ. θαλάσσας across the sea, Pi.N.6.48); λόφος, δι' οὗ τὸ σταύρωμα περιεβέβληντο X.HG7.4.22
.

5 in Prose, of Intervals of Space, δ. τριήκοντα δόμων at intervals of thirty layers, i. e. after every thirtieth layer, Hdt.1.179; δ. δέκα ἐπάλξεων at every tenth battlement, Th.3.21; cf. infr. 11.3: of a single interval, δ. πέντε σταδίων at a distance of five stades, Hdt.7.30, cf. 198; δ. τοσούτου μᾶλλον ἢ δ. πολλῶν ἡμερῶν ὁδοῦ at so short a distance, etc., Th.2.29; δ. πολλοῦ at a great distance apart, Id.3.94; δ. πλείστου Id.2.97
; δι' ἐλάσσονος Id.3.51
; ὕδατα δ. μακροῦ ἀλόμενα Hp.
Aër.9, etc.

II of Time,

1 of duration from one end of a period to the other, throughout, δ. παντὸς [τοῦ χρόνου] Hdt.9.13; δι' ὅλου τοῦ αἰῶνος Th.1.70
; δι' αἰῶνος S.El. 1024
; δι' ἡμέρας ὅλης Ar. Pax 27
; δι' ὅλης τῆς νυκτός X.An.4.2.4
, etc.: without an Adj., δι' ἡμέρης all day long, Hdt.1.97; δ. νυκτός Th.2.4
, X.An.4.6.22 (but δ. νυκτός in the course of the night, by night, Act.Ap.5.19, PRyl.138.15 (i A. D.), etc.); δ. νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας Pl.R. 343b
; δι' ἐνιαυτοῦ, δι' ἔτους, Ar.Fr.569.8, V. 1058; δ. βίου Pl.Smp. 183e
, etc.;
δ. τέλους
from beginning to end, A.Pr. 275
, Pl.R. 519c, etc.: with Adjs. alone,
δ. παντός
continually, A.Ch. 862
(lyr.), etc.; δι' ὀλίγου for a short time, Th.1.77; δ. μακροῦ E.Hec. 320
; ὁ δ. μέσου χρόνος Hdt. 8.27
.

2 of the interval which has passed between two points of Time, δ. χρόνου πολλοῦ or δ. πολλοῦ χρ. after a long time, Id.3.27, Ar.Pl. 1045; δ. μακρῶν χρόνων Pl.Ti. 22d
: without an Adj., δ. χρόνου after a time, S.Ph. 758, X.Cyr.1.4.28, etc.; δι' ἡμερῶν after several days, Ev.Marc.2.1; and with Adjs. alone, δι' ὀλίγου Th.5.14
; οὐ δ. μακροῦ Id.6.15
,91; δ. πολλοῦ Luc.Nigr.2
, etc.: with Numerals, δι' ἐτέων εἴκοσι Hdt.6.118
, cf. OGI56.38 (iii B. C.), etc.: but δ. τῆς ἑβδόμης till the seventh day, Luc.Hist.Conscr.21: also distributively, χρόνος δ. χρόνου προὔβαινε time after time, S.Ph. 285; ἄλλος δι' ἄλλου E.Andr. 1248
.

3 of successive Intervals, δ. τρίτης ἡμέρης every other day, Hdt.2.37; δ. τρίτου ἔτεος ib.4, etc.; δ. πεντετηρίδος every four years (with inclusive reckoning), Id.3.97; δι' ἔτους πέμπτου, of the Olympic games, Ar.Pl. 584 (but δι' ἑνδεκάτου ἔτεος in the course of the eleventh year, Hdt.1.62).

III causal, through, by,

a of the Agent, δι' ἀλλέλων or -ου ἐπικηρυκεύεσθαι, ποιεῖσθαι, by the mouth of.., Id.1.69,6.4, cf. 1.113; δι' ἑρμηνέως λέγειν X.An.2.3.17
, etc.; τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑπὸ Κυρίου δ. τοῦ προφήτου Ev.Matt.1.22
; δι' ἑκόντων ἀλλ' οὐ δ. βίας ποιεῖσθαι Pl.Phlb. 58b
; πεσόντ' ἀλλοτρίας διαὶ γυναικός by her doing, A.Ag. 448 (lyr.); ἐκ θεῶν γεγονὼς δ. βασιλέων πεφυκώς X.Cyr.7.2.24
; δι' ἑαυτοῦ ποιεῖν τι of oneself, not by another's agency, ib.1.1.4, etc.; but also, by oneself alone, unassisted, D.15.14, cf. 22.38.

b of the Instrument or Means, δ. χειρῶν by hand (prop. by holding between the hands), δι' ὁσίων χ. θιγών S. OC 470
; also δ. χερῶν λαβεῖν, δ. χειρὸς ἔχειν in the hand, Id.Ant. 916, 1258 (but τὰ τῶν ξυμμάχων δ. χειρὸς ἔχειν to keep a firm hand on, Th.2.13); δ. στέρνων ἔχειν S.Ant. 639
; ἡ ἀκούουσα πηγὴ δι' ὤτων Id.OT 1387
; δ. στόματος ἔχειν X.Cyr.1.4.25
; δ. μνήμης ἔχειν Luc.Cat.9
; αἱ δ. τοῦ σώματος ἡδοναί X.Mem.1.5.6
; δ. λόγων συγγίγνεσθαι to hold intercourse by word, Pl.Plt. 272b; δ. λόγου ἀπαγγέλλειν Act.Ap.15.27
; δι' ἐπιστολῶν 2 Ep.Cor.10.9
, POxy. 1070.15 (iii A. D.).

c of Manner (where διά with its Noun freq. serves as an Adv.), δ. μέθης ποιήσασθαι τὴν συνουσίαν Pl.Smp. 176e
; παίω δι' ὀργῆς through passion, in passion, S.OT 807; δ. τάχους, = ταχέως, Id.Aj. 822, Th.1.63 (but δ. ταχέων ib.80, al.); δ. σπουδῆς in haste, hastily, E.Ba. 212; δι' αἰδοῦς with reverence, respectfully, ib. 441; δ. ψευδῶν ἔπη lying words, Id.Hel. 309; αἱ δ. καρτερίας ἐπιμέλειαι long-continued exertions, X.Mem.2.1.20; δι' ἀκριβείας, δ. πάσης ἀκρ., Pl.Ti. 23d, Lg. 876c; δ. σιγῆς Id.Grg. 450c
; δ. ξυμφορῶν ἡ ξύμβασις ἐγένετο Th.6.10
; οὐ δι' αἰνιγμάτων, ἀλλ' ἐναργῶς γέγραπται Aeschin.3.121
; δι' αἵματος, οὐ δ. μέλανος τοὺς νόμους ὁ Δράκων ἔγραψεν Plu.Sol.17
: also with Adjs., δ. βραχέων, δ. μακρῶν τοὺς λόγους ποιεῖσθαι, Isoc.14.3, Pl.Grg. 449b; ἀποκρίνεσθαι δ. βραχυτάτων ibid. d; cf. infr. IV.

2 in later Prose, of Material out of which a thing is made, κατασκευάζειν εἴδωλα δι' ἐλέφαντος καὶ χρυσοῦ D.S.17.115
; θυσίαι δι' ἀλφίτου καὶ σπονδῆς πεποιημέναι Plu.Num.8
; βρώματα δ. μέλιτος καὶ γάλακτος γιγνόμενα Ath.14.646e
; οἶνος δ. βουνίου Dsc. 5.46
.

IV διά τινος ἔχειν, εἶναι, γίγνεσθαι, to express conditions or states, ἀγὼν διὰ πάσης ἀγωνίης ἔχων extending through every kind of contest, Hdt.2.91; δι' ἡσυχίης εἶναι Id.1.206
; δι' ὄχλου εἶναι to be troublesome, Ar.Ec. 888; δ. φόβου εἶναι Th.6.59
; δι' ἀπεχθείας γίγνεσθαι X.Hier.9.2
; ἡ ἐπιμέλεια δ. χάριτος γίγνεται ibid.; δ. μιᾶς γνώμης γίγνεσθαι Isoc.4.138
.

b with Verbs of motion, δ. μάχης ἐλεύσονται will engage in battle, Hdt.6.9; ἐλθεῖν Th.4.92
; δ. παντὸς πολέμου, δ. φιλίας ἰέναι τινί, X.An.3.2.8; δ. δίκης ἰέναι τινί go to law with.., S.Ant. 742, cf. Th.6.60; δ. τύχης ἰέναι S.OT 773
; δι' ὀργῆς ἥκειν Id.OC 905
; ἐμαυτῷ δ. λόγων ἀφικόμην I held converse with myself, E.Med. 872; δ. λόγων, δ. γλώσσης ἰέναι come to open speech, Id.Tr. 916, Supp. 112; δ. φιλημάτων ἰέναι come to kissing, Id.Andr. 416; δ. δικαιοσύνης ἰέναι καὶ σωφροσύνης Pl.Prt. 323a
, etc.; δ. πυρὸς ἰέναι (v. πῦρ): in pass. sense, δι' ἀπεχθείας ἐλθεῖν τινι to be hated by.., A.Pr. 121 (anap.).

c with trans. Verbs, δι' αἰτίας ἔχειν or ἄγειν τινά hold in fault, Th.2.60, Ael.VH9.32; δι' ὀργῆς ἔχειν τινά Th.2.37
, etc.; δ. φυλακῆς ἔχειν τι Id.7.8
; δι' οἴκτου ἔχειν τινά, δι' αἰσχύνης ἔχειν τι, E.Hec. 851, IT 683; δ. πένθους τὸ γῆρας διάγειν X.Cyr.4.6.6
; δι' οὐδενὸς ποιεῖσθαί τι S.OC 584
.

B WITH Acc.

I of Place, only Poet., in same sense as διά c. gen.:

1 through, ἓξ δὲ δ. πτύχας ἦλθε.. χαλκός Il.7.247
; ἤϊξε δ. δρυμὰ.. καὶ ὕλην 11.118
, cf. 23.122, etc.; δ. τάφρον ἐλαύνειν across it, 12.62; δ. δώματα ποιπνύοντα 1.600
; ἐπὶ χθόνα καὶ δ. πόντον βέβακεν Pi.I.4(3).41
; φεύγειν δ. κῦμ' ἅλιον A.Supp.14
(anap.).

2 through, among, in, οἴκεον δι' ἄκριας Od.9.400
; ἄραβος δὲ δ. στόμα γίγνετ' ὀδόντων Il.10.375
(but μῦθον, ὃν.. δ. στόμα.. ἄγοιτο through his mouth, 14.91; so δ. στόμα ὄσσαν ἱεῖσαι Hes.Th.65
; ἀεὶ γὰρ ἡ γυνή σ' ἔχει δ. στόμα Ar.Lys. 855
); δ. κρατερὰς ὑσμίνας Hes.Th. 631
; νόμοι δι' αἰθέρα τεκνωθέντες S.OT 867
(lyr.).

II of Time, also Poet., δ. νύκτα Il.2.57
, etc.; δ. γλυκὺν ὕπνον during sweet sleep, Mosch.4.91.

III causal:

1 of persons, thanks to, by aid of, νικῆσαι δ... Ἀθήνην Od.8.520
, cf. 13.121; δ. δμῳὰς.. εἷλον 19.154
; δ. σε by thy fault or service, S.OC 1129, Ar.Pl. 145, cf. 160, 170: in Prose, by reason of, on account of, δ' ἡμᾶς Th.1.41
, cf. X.An.7.6.33, D.18.249; οὐ δι' ἐμαυτόν And.1.144
; so εἰ μὴ διά τινα if it had not been for.., εἰ μὴ δι' ἄνδρας ἀγαθούς Lys.12.60
; Μιλτιάδην εἰς τὸ βάραθρον ἐμβαλεῖν ἐψηφίσαντο, καὶ εἰ μὴ δ. τὸν πρύτανιν ἐνέπεσεν ἄν Pl.Grg. 516e
, cf. D.19.74; εἰ μὴ δ. τὴν ἐκείνου μέλλησιν Th.2.18
, cf. Ar.V. 558; πλέον' ἔλπομαι λόγον Ὀδυσσέος ἢ πάθαν γενέσθαι δι' Ὅμηρον Pi.N.7.21
.

2 of things, to express the Cause, Occasion, or Purpose, δι' ἐμὴν ἰότητα because of my will, Il.15.41; Διὸς μεγάλου δ. βουλάς Od.8.82
; δι' ἀφραδίας for, through want of thought, 19.523; δι' ἀτασθαλίας 23.67
; δι' ἔνδειαν by reason of poverty, X. An.7.8.6; δ. καῦμα, δ. χειμῶνα, ib.1.7.6; δι' ἄγνοιαν καὶ ἀμαθίαν Pl. Prt. 360b
, etc.: freq. also with neut. Adjs., δ. τί; wherefore?; δ. τοῦτο, δ. ταῦτα on this account; δι' ὅ, δι' ἅ on which account; δ. πολλά for many reasons, etc.

3 = ἕνεκα, to express Purpose, δἰ ἀχθηδόνα for the sake of vexing, Th.4.40, cf. 5.53; δ. τὴν τούτου σαφήνειαν with a view to clearing this up, Pl.R. 524c, cf. Arist.EN 1172b21; αὐτή δι' αὑτήν for its own sake, Pl.R. 367b, etc.

C WITHOUT CASE as Adv. throughout, δ. πρό (v. supr. A.I.I); δ. δ' ἀμπερές Il.11.377
.

D IN COMPOS.:

I through, right through, of Space, διαβαίνω, διέχω, διιππεύω.

II in different directions, as in διαπέμπω, διαφορέω; of separation, asunder, διαιρέω, διαλύω; of difference or disagreement, at variance, διαφωνέω, διαφέρω; or simply mutual relation, one with another, διαγωνίζομαι, διάδω, διαθέω, διαπίνω, διαφιλοτιμέομαι.

III pre-eminence, διαπρέπω, διαφέρω.

IV completion, to the end, utterly, διεργάζομαι, διαμάχομαι, διαπράττω, διαφθείρω: of Time, διαβιόω.

V to add strength, thoroughly, out and out, διαγαληνίζω, etc.; cf. ζά.

VI of mixture, between, partly, esp. in Adj., as διάλευκος, διάχρυσος, διάχλωρος, etc.

VII of leaving an interval or breach, διαλείπω, διαναπαύω. (Cogn. with δύο, δίς.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > διά
70 διΐστημι

διΐστημι, [tense] fut. διαστήσω,

A set apart, separate, τοὺς λόχους Th.4.74
; κατ' εἴδη Pl.Phlb. 23d
; διέστησεν [αὐτοὺς] εἰς μέρη πολλά D.18.61
; ζῶντας ἡμᾶς οὐθὲν ἀλλήλων διέστησε Plu.Ant.84
:—[voice] Pass., κίονες διεστάθησαν Callix.2
.

2 set one at variance with another, τινά τινος Ar. V.41
, Th.6.77; δ. τὴν Ἑλλάδα divide it into factions, Hdt.9.2; δ. τοὺς πένητας ἀπὸ τῶν εὐπόρων D.H.9.17
.

3 μέσας διαστήσας ἡμέρας δύο having left an interval of two days, Epigr.Gr.996.7, cf. BKT3.20.

4 distinguish, τί τινος Ath.7.305d
, cf. Aret.SA2.2.

5 inflate, κενοὺς ἀσκούς Demoph.Sim.57
.

II more freq. in [voice] Pass., with [tense] aor. 2, [tense] pf., and [tense] plpf. [voice] Act.:—stand apart, be divided, Il., mostly in [tense] aor. 2, 24.718, al.: once in [tense] impf. [voice] Med., θάλασσα διΐστατο the sea made way, opened, 13.29;
διαστὰν γῆς βάθρον
yawning wide, S.OC 1662
; τὰ διεστεῶτα ὑπὸ σεισμοῦ Hdt.7.129
; διεστῶτα, opp. ἡνωμένα, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.124, al.; ἔτους διεστῶτος after an interval of a year, SIG344.119 ([place name] Teos).

b stand with legs apart, Luc.Ner.7.

2 of persons, stand apart, be at variance, διαστήτην ἐρίσαντε Il.1.6
; εἴ τινές που διασταῖεν Th.1.18
; διέστη ἐς ξυμμαχίαν ἑκατέρων sided with one or the other party, ib.15; κατὰ πόλεις διέσταμεν Id.4.61
; διεστηκότες εἰς δύο D.10.4
, cf. 18.18; ἐρίζειν καὶ διεστάναι Id.2.29
; simply, differ, be different, πλούτου ἀρετὴ διέστηκεν Pl.R. 550e
; πρὸς ἄλληλα Arist.Pol. 1256a29
, cf.Po. 1448a17; ἡ ἀριστοκρατία διέστηκεν ἀπὸ ταύτης πολὺ τῆς πολιτείας Id.Pol. 1289b3
;
οὖρα διεστηκότα
not homogeneous, Hp.Aph.7.33
.

3 part after fighting, Hdt.1.76, 8.16, 18: hence, to be reconciled, Isoc.5.38.

b of an army, retire, Plb.10.3.6.

4 stand at certain distances or intervals, Hdt.2.66; of guards in a row, Id.3.72; of post-stations, Id.8.98; of soldiers, δ. κατὰ διακοσίους Th.4.32
; διάστηθι mark distances! a word of command, Ael. Tact.12.11: Geom., ἴσα ἀπ' ἀλλάλων διέστακεν are equi distant from one another, Archim.Aequil.1.6.

III [voice] Med., sts. trans., separate, γεώδη γένη διϊστάμενοι Pl.Ti. 63c
: chiefly in [tense] aor. 1,
δ. τόν τε δικαιότατον καὶ τὸν ἀδικώτατον
contrast, Id.R. 360e
; ἀράχνια, of spiders, spread, Theoc.16.97.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > διΐστημι
71 κατάγω

κατ-άγω [pron. full] [ᾰγ], [tense] fut.

A - ξω Th.1.26
, etc.: [tense] aor. κατήγᾰγον Od.11.164
, Epig.7: rarely [tense] aor. 1 κατῆξα v.l. in X.HG2.2.20, PGrenf.2.44 (ii A. D.), Philum.Ven.10.4: [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. inf. - αξέμεν Il.6.53
: [tense] pf. καταγήοχα Decr. ap. D.18.73:— lead down, esp. into the nether world, ψυχὰς μνηστήρων κατάγων Od.24.100
; εἰς Ἀΐδαο 11.164
, cf. Pi.O.9.34, Paus. 3.6.2: generally, bring down to a place, Od.20.163; τὴν ἐκ τῶν ὀρῶν ὕλην εἰς τὸ ἄστυ Pl.Criti. 118d
, etc.; bring down a river or canal, PGrenf.l.c.:—[voice] Pass., POxy.708.3 (ii A. D.).

2 draw down, κατῆγεν ἦγεν ἦγεν ἐς μέλαν πέδον E.Ba. 1065
; esp. by magic arts, κ. τὸν Δία Plu.Num.15
; ἀετόν ib.8, dub. sens. in Thphr.CP2.9.4.

3 bring down to the sea-coast, κατάγειν κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας Il.5.26
, cf. 6.53; ἐπὶ θάλατταν τὸ στράτευμα X.Ages.1.18
.

b launch, σκάφος εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν Callix.1
.

4 bring down from the high seas to land, τὸν Κρήτηνδε κατήγαγε ἲς ἀνέμοιο Od.19.186
: abs., put in to shore, 3.10 Aristarch. ( κατάγοντο codd.); esp. for purposes of exacting toll or plundering, X.HG4.8.33, An.5.1.11, D.5.25, al.; κ. ναῦς ἐς τοὺς ἑαυτῶν συμμάχους X.HG5.1.28
; also κ. τοὺς ἐμπόρους Plb.5.95.4
, cf. D.S.20.82; κ. σαγήνην draw it to land, Plu.Sol.4; τοῦ πνεύματος κλύδωνα κατάγοντος πολύν bringing in a heavy swell from the sea, Id.Mar.36; ὥρα πνεῦμα λαμπρὸν ἐκ πελάγους κατάγουσα Id.Them.14
:—[voice] Pass., come to land, land, opp. ἀνάγεσθαι, of seamen as well as ships, Od.3.178; ἐπ' ἀκτῆς νηΐ κατηγαγόμεσθα 10.140
, cf. Hdt.4.43; Σίγειον οὐρίῳ πλάτῃ κατηγόμην S.Ph. 356
; κατάγεσθαι ἐς τὸν Μαραθῶνα Hdt.6.107
, cf. 8.4, Pl.Mx. 240c; εἰς τὸν λιμένα X.HG6.2.36
.

b κατάγεσθαι παρά τινι turn in and lodge in a person's house, Eup.344, X.Smp.8.39, PFlor.248.11 (iii A. D.); ὥς τινα D.52.22
; εἰς οἰκίαν Id.49.22
; εἰς πανδοκεῖον Plu.2.773e
.

5 draw down or out, spin, Pherecr.46, Epig.7, Pl.Sph. 226b; κατάγουσα, ἡ, spinning-girl, statue by Praxiteles, Plin.HN34.69: metaph., κ. λόγον Pl.Men. 80e
.

6 reduce to a state, ἐς κίνδυνον φανερὸν κ. τὴν πόλιν Th.4.68
; ὁ οἶνος εἰς ὕπνον κ. Ael.VH13.6.

7 bring home, gain, θρίαμβον καὶ νίκην τῇ πατρίδι Plb.11.33.7
; ἐκ πολέμων Plu.Fab. 24
; escort, ἐπὶ τιμητείαν Id.Aem.38
, etc.

8 κ. γένος derive a pedigree, ἀπό τινος Id.2.843e
, Nic. Dam.61 J.:—[voice] Pass., τὰ στέμματα κατάγεται εἴς τινα are traced down to.., Plu.Num.1; φᾶμαι κατάγοντο Call.Fr.1.39
P.; of persons, to be descended, ἀπό τινος Olymp. Vit.Pl.p.1
W.

9 derive a word, S.E.M.1.242 ([voice] Pass.): generally, derive, ὅθεν δεῖ κατῆχθαι καὶ πῶς ἀποδεικνύειν Phld.Rh.1.203S.
; κ. [ βοάν] lower the voice, E.Or. 149 (lyr.): metaph., bring down, lower, πρὸς αὑτόν to one's own standard, D.Chr.40.11.

10 Medic., couch a cataract, Gal.18(2).680.

11 wind up a torsion-engine, Ph.Bel.76.13:—[voice] Pass., HeroBel.79.6; ὁ κατάγων τὴν Χεῖρα Ph.Bel.75.9
.

12 καταγόμενος current, ἐνιαυτός Vett.Val.27.16
.

II bring back, κατὰ δὲ φρόνιν ἤγαγε πολλήν brought back much news [of Troy], Od.4.258; esp. from banishment, recall, Hdt. 1.60, Th.1.26, A.Th. 647, 660, etc.; κ. οἴκαδε X.An.1.2.2
: generally, restore, τυραννίδας ἐς τὰς πόλις Hdt.5.92
.
ά; εἰς τὰς πατρίδας.. εἰρήνην Plb.5.105.2
; ἐκ ταλαιπωρίας Jul.Or.2.58c
:—[voice] Pass., return, ἐπὶ τὸ στρατόπεδον X.An. 3.4.36
.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κατάγω
72 κατασπάω

κατασπάω, [tense] fut. -άσω [ᾰ]: [tense] pf. - έσπᾰκα Ar.Eq. 718:—

A draw, pull down, μολυβδὶς ὥστε δίκτυον κατέσπασεν S.Fr. 840
; κατασπάσαι τινὰ τῶν τριχῶν drag one down by the hair, Ar.Lys. 725; τινὰ τοῦ σκέλους Antiph.86.3
; κ. τὰς πεντηκοντέρους haul them down to the sea, set them afloat, Hdt.1.164, cf. 7.193; τὰ σημεῖα κατεσπάσθη (in token of defeat), Th.1.63; κ. τινὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἵππου X.An.1.9.6
; κατεσπακὼς τὰς ὀφρῦς, of one frowning, Alciphr.3.3:—[voice] Pass., to be drawn down, τὰ κατασπώμενα.. κἀνασπώμενα, of the limbs of puppets, X.Mem.3.10.7; κατεσπασμέναι ὀφρύες, of one frowning, Arist.HA 491b17; κατασπᾶσθαι ἐς ὕπνον, ἐς δάκρυα, Luc.DMar.2.2, Anach.23.

b gather fruit from, τὸν ἐλαιωνοπαράδεισον, prob. in PSI1.33.26 (iii A.D.).

2 [voice] Pass., to be displaced downwards, of a dislocated bone, Hp.Mochl. 4, 5; to be convulsed, suffer a spasm, Id.Epid.3.17.β (or perh. to be drawn, as in facial paralysis); fall into a trance, PMag.Lond.121.549.

II draw down or forth, τὰ γυναικεῖα Hp.Epid.6.8.32
, cf. Arist.GA 750b35; γάλα Dsc.3.58
; draw off, τὸ τὴν νοῦσον παρέχον Hp.Loc.Hom.30
([voice] Pass.); χυμοὺς κ. [τὸ λουτρόν] App.Anth.3.158.

III quaff, swallow down, Ar.Eq. 718, Ra. 576, Antiph.204.13.

IV pull down, οἶκον, ἄλση, LXX 2 Ch.24.7, 34.7; τὰ ὑψηλά ib. 31.1, cf. PTeb.5.134 (ii B.C., [voice] Pass.); τὴν Σμύρναν Str.14.1.37
, cf. 16.2.30 ([voice] Pass.); κ. τὰς τάξεις break the ranks, Plb.1.40.13: metaph., Phld. D.1.17.

V lower, τὴν φωνήν Antyll.
ap. Orib.6.9.5.

VI precipitate, Zos.Alch.p.195 B. ([voice] Pass.).

VII v. κατασπεύδω.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κατασπάω
73 κατέχω

κατέχω, [tense] fut. καθέξω (of duration) Il.18.332, κατασχήσω (of momentary action) Hdt.5.72, Th.4.42: [tense] aor. κατέσχον, poet.

A κατέσχεθον Hes.Th. 575
, S.El. 754; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. κάσχεθε Il.11.702
, [dialect] Aeol. κατέσκ [ εθε] Alc.Supp. la.12; imper. κατάσχες E.Ba. 555
(lyr.), later κατάσχε Philostr.Ep.38
(v.l.), PMag.Lond.97.404; late [tense] aor. κατέσχα PGen. 54.22
(iv A.D.).

I trans., hold fast, καλύπτρην χείρεσσι Hes.Th. 575
.

b hold back, withhold, εἴ με βίῃ ἀέκοντα καθέξει Il.15.186
, cf. 11.702, Od.15.200; ἐν κολεῷ ξίφος Pi.N.10.6
: check, restrain, bridle, ἑωυτόν Hdt.6.129
, cf.Pl.Chrm. 162c, Men.Sam. 112; [ γυναῖκε] A.Pers. 190; ἱππικὸν δρόμον S.El. 754
; δάκρυ A.Ag. 204
(lyr.); ὀργήν, θυμόν, ὕβριν, etc., S.El. 1011, OC 874, E.Ba. 555 (lyr.), etc.; δύνασιν S.Ant. 605
(lyr.); τὴν διάνοιαν Th.1.130
; κ. τὴν ἀγωγήν put it off, Id.6.29; κ. τὸ πλῆθος ἐλευθέρως, ἰσχύϊ, Id.2.65, 3.62; κ. τινὰ πολέμῳ Id.1.103
; τὰ δάκρυα Pl.Phd. 117d
, al.; τὸν γέλωτα X.Cyr.2.2.5
, Pl.La. 184a, Thphr.Char.2.4; οὖρον hold in, Gal.8.407 (but -όμενα [οὖρα] as a disease, Hp.Prorrh.1.59, cf. Gal.16.639); ἑαυτὸν κατέχει μὴ ἐπιπηδᾶν restrains himself from.., Pl.Phdr. 254a:—[voice] Pass., to be held down, γλῶσσα κατείχετο Hp.Epid.5.50
; ἐπιθυμίας -ομένας Pl.R. 554c
; to be bound, ὁρκίοισι μεγάλοισι Hdt.1.29
; ὑποσχέσει PAmh. 2.97.17
(ii A.D.); τοῖς τινων ὀφειλήμασιν PRyl.117.13
(iii A.D.); of a nation, to be kept under (by tyrants), Hdt.1.59.

c detain, κ. [αὐτοὺς] ἐνιαυτόν Id.6.128
, cf. 8.57, Th.8.100; κ. [αὐτοὺς] ὥστε μὴ ἀπιέναι X. Mem.2.6.11
:—[voice] Pass., to be detained, stay, Hdt.8.117, S.Tr. 249; περὶ Κρήτην Th.2.86
, etc.

d in imprecations, inhibit (cf. καταδέω (A) 111), Tab.Defix.Aud.50.11 (iv B.C.), PMag.Par.1.2077; Μανῆν καταδῶ καὶ κατέχω Tab.Defix.109
.

e place under arrest, PFlor.61.60 (i A.D.), etc.

f keep an oath, ὅρκον SIG526.39
(Itanos, iii B.C.).

2 c.gen., gain possession of, be master of, τῶν ἐπιστημῶν μὴ πάνυ κ. Arist.Cat. 9a6
; τῆς ὀργῆς Philem.185
codd. Stob.; τῆς παραποταμίας βίᾳ κατέσχον D.S.12.82
, cf. Plb.14.1.9; τῆς Ἀσίας ἐθνῶν App.Praef. 9
; control, τινων LXX 1 Ma.6.27; ἑαυτῶν Erot.s.v.
προπετής; μηκέτι κατέχων ἑαυτοῦ Hdn.1.15.1
, cf. 1.7.3; cling to, τῶν κεράτων τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου LXX 3 Ki.1.51
.

II possess, occupy, esp.of rulers, A.Th. 732 (lyr.), E.Hec.81 (anap.); σῴζειν ἅπερ ἃν ἅπαξ κατάσχωσι whatever they have got, Isoc.12.242; esp. of property. enjoy possession of, PTeb.5.47 (ii B.C.), etc. (but also, sequestrate, PLille3.16 ([voice] Pass., iii B.C.), etc.); ὡς μηδὲν ἔχοντες καὶ πάντα κατέχοντες 2 Ep.Cor.6.10
.

b dwell in, occupy, Ὀλύμπου αἴγλαν S.Ant. 609
(lyr.); esp. of tutelary gods, Παρνασίαν ὃς κ. πέτραν, of Dionysus, Ar.Nu. 603 (lyr.), cf. X.Cyr.2.1.1, SIG662.10 (Delos, ii B.C.), Luc.Alex.10; of a place, μέσον ὀμφαλὸν γᾶς Φοίβου κ. δόμος E. Ion 223
(lyr.); of the dead. θήκας Ἰλιάδος γᾶς.. κατέχουσι occupy, A.Ag. 454 (lyr.), cf. S.Aj. 1167 (anap.).

2 of sound, fill, οἱ δ' ἀλαλητῷ πᾶν πεδίον κατέχουσι Il. 16.79
; κ. στρατόπεδον δυσφημίαις fill it with his grievous cries, S. Ph.10; οἰμωγὴ.. κατεῖχε πελαγίαν ἅλα A.Pers. 427
, cf. E.Hipp. 1133 (lyr.):—[voice] Pass., οἶκος κλαυθμῷ κατείχετο Hdt.1.111
.

3 πανδάκρυτον βιοτὰν κ. continue to live a life.., S.Ph. 690 (lyr.).

4 to be spread over, cover, νὺξ.. δνοφερὴ κάτεχ' οὐρανόν Od.13.269
; ἡμέρα πᾶσαν κατέσχε γαῖαν A.Pers. 387
, cf. Ar.Nu. 572 (lyr.); τίνες αὖ πόντον κατέχουσ' αὖραι; Cratin.138; ὀσμὴ.. κατὰ πᾶν ἔχει δῶ Hermipp.82.9
:—[voice] Pass., σελήνη.. κατείχετο.. νεφέεσσιν Od.9.145
, cf. Il.17.368, 644:—[voice] Med., [dialect] Ep.[tense] aor., κατέσχετο χερσὶ πρόσωπα Od.19.361
; κατασχομένη ἑανῷ having covered her face, Il.3.419.

5 of the grave, confine, cover, τοὺς δ' ἤδη κάτεχεν φυσίζοος αἶα 3.243
, cf. Od.11.301, Orac. ap. Hdt.1.67; as a threat, πάρος τινὰ γαῖα καθέξει sooner shall earth cover many a one, Il.16.629, cf. Od.13.427, etc.

6 of circumstances, etc., hold fast, have one in their power, μιν κατὰ γῆρας ἔχει χεῖράς τε πόδας τε Od.11.497
; ὃν θάνατος δακρυόεις καθέχει (sic) IG12.987; ἐχθρὰ Φάλαριν κ. φάτις Pi.P.1.96
; τινὰ.. λάθα κ. Id.N.8.24
; [φθορὰ] κ. τὸν σὸν δόμον S.OC 370
; τύχη, πόλεμος κ. τινά, Pl.Hp.Ma. 304c, Ep. 317a; κ. κίνδυνος Σικελίαν ib. 355d; συνέβη λοιμώδη νόσον κατασχεῖν τὴν Ἰταλίαν Hdn.1.12.1
:—[voice] Pass., ὑπὸ μεγάλης ἀνάγκης κατεχόμενοι Pl. Lg. 858a
: rarely in good sense, ὁ δ' ὄλβιος, ὃν φᾶμαι κατέχοντ' ἀγαθαί Pi.O.7.10
; μεγάλαι κ. τύχαι γένος ὀρνίθων Ar.Av. 1726
(lyr.); εὐμοιρίας -εχούσης τὸν βίον Hdn.2.5.1
.

b of circumstances, etc., prevail, prevail among, engage, ἄλλα τῶν κατεχόντων πρηγμάτων χαλεπώτερα Hdt.6.40
, cf. 1.65; μεγάλοι θόρυβοι κατέχουσ' ἡμᾶς murmurs are rife among us, S.Aj. 142 (anap.); φήμης ἀθρόας -σχούσης τὸ Ἑλληνικόν a sudden rumour having overspread Greece, Philostr.VA8.15.

7 seize, occupy, in right of conquest, τὸ Καδμείων πέδον dub. in S.OC 381; esp. in histor. writers, -σχήσειν [τὴν ἀκρόπολιν] Hdt.5.72; τὰ πρήγματα Id.3.143
; τὰ ἐχυρά X.Cyr.3.1.27
; τὰ κύκλῳ τῆς Ἀττικῆς ἁρμοσταῖς D.18.96
; φρουραῖς τὰς πόλεις Plu.2.177d
.

8 achieve, effect an object, Isoc.2.25; πρᾶξιν Arist.Pol. 1312a33
.

9 master, understand, οὐ κατέχω τί βούλει φράζειν Pl.Phlb. 26c
, cf. Men. 72d, Ceb.34; περὶ φύσεως κ. πάντας τοὺς λόγους Sosip.1.17
, cf. 33; κ. νοῦν στίχων grasp the sense of.., Puchstein Epigr.Gr.p.9.

b keep in mind, remember, χρήσιμον καὶ τοῦτο κατασχεῖν τὸ στοιχεῖον Epicur. Ep.1p.10U.
, cf. Thphr.Char.26.2, Men.Epit. 109; κ. τινὰ ὀψοφάγον Chrysipp.Tyan. ap. Ath.1.5e; κ. ὅτι, διότι, PCair.Zen.60.10 (iii B.C.), Phld.Herc.1251.15:—[voice] Pass., Epicur.Ep.1p.31U.

10 possess, of a god, εἰ θεός ἐστιν ὁ σὰς κατέχων φρένας PLit.Lond.52.12
; τοιοῦτος ἔρως κατεῖχε τὴν ἄνθρωπον she was so infatuated, Plu.Alc.23; of an actor, κ. τὸ θέατρον held the audience spellbound, Plu.Dem.29 (but, kept the audience waiting, Phoc.19); of poets, μύθοις [τοὺς ἀκούοντας] κ. Luc.JTr.39
(v.l. κατηχοῦσι):—mostly in [voice] Pass., of persons, to be possessed, inspired, Pl. Ion 533e; ἐξ Ὁμήρου ib. 536b; ἐκ θεῶν X. Smp.1.10
; κάρῳ Phld.D.1.18
; τὸ θέατρον κατείχετο the audience was spellbound, Eun.Hist.p.247 D.; of hydrophobia patients, Philum. Ven.4.11; of a lover, τῷ αὐτῷ θεῷ (sc. Ἔρωτι) κατέσχημαι Luc. DMort.19.1
:—also in [tense] aor. [voice] Med., Pl.Phdr. 244e.

III follow close upon, press hard, X.Cyr.1.4.22 (dub.l.), Cyn.6.22:—[voice] Pass., ib. 9.20.

IV bring a ship to land, Hdt.6.101, 7.59, Plu.2.162a.

B intr.,

1 (sc. ἑαυτόν) control oneself, S.OT 782; οὐκέτι καθέξω Men.Pk. 394
; εἶπεν οὖν μὴ κατασχών Plu.Art.15
; οὐ κατέσχεν App.BC3.43
: c. inf., κ. τὸ μὴ δακρύειν Pl.Phd. 117c
.

b stop, cease, of the wind, Ar. Pax 944 (lyr.).

2 come from the high sea to shore, put in (v. supr. IV), νηΐ Θορικόνδε h.Cer. 126
; τῆς Μαγνησίης χώρης ἐς τὸν αἰγιαλόν Hdt.7.188
, cf. 6.101, Plb.1.25.7, Plu. Thes.21; τίνες ποτ' ἐς γῆν τήνδε.. κατέσχετε; S.Ph. 221, cf. 270, E. Heracl.83 (lyr.), Antipho 5.21, etc.: c. acc. loci, E.Hel. 1206, Cyc. 223; of a journey by land, rest, προξένων δ' ἔν του κατέσχες; Id. Ion 551, cf. Plb.5.71.2: metaph., εὖ κατασχήσει shall come safe to land, S.El. 503 (lyr.).

3 prevail, ὁ λόγος κ. the report prevails, Th.1.10; κληδὼν ἐν ἁπάσῃ τῇ πόλει κατεῖχεν And.1.130
; σεισμῶν -εχόντων Th.3.89
; ὁ βορέας κατεῖχεν Arist.Mete. 345a1
, cf. 360b33, Thphr.CP1.5.1.

4 gain the upper hand, παρά τινι Thgn.262
; gain one's purpose, Lys.3.42; ὁ δὲ κατεῖχε τῇ βοῇ Ar.Ec. 434
; νομίζοντες ῥᾳδίως κατασχήσειν Arist.Pol. 1307b10
.

C [voice] Med., keep back for oneself, embezzle, [ τὰ χρήματα] Hdt.7.164.

2 cover oneself, v. supr. A.11.4.

3 hold, contain, Plb.9.26a.7.

II [tense] aor. [voice] Med., = κατέχω B. 2, Od.3.284.

2 in pass. sense, τεαῖς ῥιπαῖσι κατασχόμενος subdued, Pi.P.1.10; καρδίαν κατέσχετο ἔρωτι was seized with, possessed by, E.Hipp.27; v. supr.A. 11.10.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κατέχω
74 μετεωρίζω

μετεωρ-ίζω,

A raise to a height, τὸ ἔρυμα Th.4.90
; τὸ ἐμβριθὲς ἄγειν ἄνω -ίζουσα Pl.Phdr. 246d; τὰ σκέλη lift the legs, X.Eq.10.4; ἑαυτόν ib.11.7, cf. Cyn.10.13; of a dolphin, δελφινίσκον μ. τῷ νώτῳ lifts or buoys it up on his back, Arist. HA 631a18, cf. 602b27; τοὺς πόδας μ., of quadrupeds, Id.IA 711b19; τὸ πνεῦμα μ. cause one to pant (cf. μετάρσιος 111
), Id.Pr. 885a33; ναῦν μ. εἰς τὸ πέλαγος put it out to sea, Philostr.VA6.12 (also abs., πλεῖν -ίζουσα ἐς τὸ πέλαγος Id.Her.8.3
):—[voice] Med., τοὺς δελφῖνας μετεωρίζου heave up your dolphins (v. δελφίς 11
), Ar.Eq. 762:—[voice] Pass., to be raised up, Pl.Ti. 63c; to be suspended, σχοινίοις POxy.904.6
(v A.D.); of smoke or dust, rise, X.Cyr.6.3.5; of wind, Ar.Nu. 404; of water vapour, Hp.Aër.8, Arist.Mete. 346b28, al.; of ships, μετεωρισθεὶς ἐν τῷ πελάγει keeping out on the high sea, Th.8.16; rise up, as from bed, Hp.Fract.15; of wind rising from the stomach, Id.Coac. 613; μετεωριζόμενος suffering from flatulence, Id.Epid.4.41.

2 intr., attain considerable height, Thphr.HP4.2.4.

II metaph., buoy up, elevate, esp. with false hopes, μ. καὶ φυσήσας ὑμᾶς D.13.12
, cf. Hegem. ap.Ath.15.698d, Plb.25.3.4; τοὺς Ἀθηναίους δι' ἐπιστολῶν Posidon. 36
J.; παραθαρρύνας καὶ μετεωρίσας Plu.Dem.18
; unsettle a man's mind, Plb.5.70.10:—[voice] Pass., to be elevated, ὑπὸ λόγων ὁ νοῦς -ίζεται Ar. Av. 1447
; μετεωρισθεὶς καὶ περιχαρὴς γενόμενος ἐπί τινι Plb.3.70.1
; μεμετεωρισμένοι ταῖς νίκαις D.S.11.32
; also, to be anxious, POxy. 1679.16 (iii A.D.), perh. in this sense Ev.Luc.12.29.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μετεωρίζω
75 τροχός

τροχός [(A)], ὁ, ([etym.] τρέχω)

A wheel, Il.6.42, 23.394, etc.; γῆ ἐπημαξευμένη τροχοῖσιν S.Ant. 252
; ἐν πτερόεντι τ... κυλινδόμενον, of Ixion, Pi.P.2.22; τροχοὺς μιμεῖσθαι to imitate wheels, of one who bends back so as to form a wheel, X.Smp.2.22, 7.3: metaph. of fortune, πότμος ἐν.. θεοῦ τροχῷ κυκλεῖται S.Fr. 871
; also μανίας τροχῷ E. Pirith.Oxy.2078
Fr.1.14.

2 potter's wheel, Il.18.600; τροχῷ ἐλαθεὶς [ λύχνος] (cf. τροχήλατος) Ar.Ec.4; τροχοῦ ῥύμαισι τευκτὸν.. κύτος Antiph.52.2
, cf. Pl.R. 420e.

3 wheel of a stage-machine, Ar.Fr. 188; also of a water-wheel, ὁ τ. τῆς μηχανῆς POxy.1292.13
(i A. D.); τ. καὶ μηχανή PSI9.1072.9
(iii A. D.).

4 wheel of torture, Anacr.21.9; ἐπὶ τοῦ τ. στρεβλοῦσθαι Ar.Pl. 875
, Lys. 846, D.29.40; ἕλκεσθαι Ar. Pax 452
; ἐπὶ τὸν τ. ἀναβῆναι Antipho 5.40
; ἀναβιβάζειν τινὰ ἐπὶ τὸν τ. And.1.43
; ἐν τῷ τ. ἐνδεδεμένον Plu.2.509c
; τῷ τ. προσηλοῦν [ 'Ιξίονα] ib.19e, cf. Luc. DDeor.6.5.

5 rotating wheels used in sieges as a defence against projectiles, D.S.17.45.

II child's hoop, Antyll. ap. Orib.6.26.5, S.E.P.1.106.

III round cake, κηροῖο, στέατος τ., Od.12.173, 21.178; τ. ἡλίου the sun's disk, Ar.Th.17 (v. infr. B); coil of a serpent, Orph.L. 136.

2 large pill (cf. τροχίσκος 2
), Sor.1.65, POxy.2144.25 (iii A. D.).

IV θαλάττης γῆς τε τ. circles or zones of land and sea, Pl.Criti. 113d, cf. 115c, 116a, 117c sq., Plu.Luc.39.

V circuit of a wall or fortification, Κυκλώπιος τ. S.Fr. 227
, cf. Sch.A Pl.Lg. 681a (v. facsim. fol. 175v).

VI ring playing on the bit of a bridle, X. Eq.10.6, Poll.1.184.

2 ring for passing a rope through, on board ship, ib.94.

VII whirlwind, LXXPs.76(77).18.

VIII washpot (?), Gal.18(2).671.

IX a fish or sea-monster (Lat. rota, Plin. HN9.8), Ael.NA13.20.

X metaph., ὁ τ. τῆς γενέσεως Ep.Jac.3.6
; ὁ τῆς εἱμαρμένης τε καὶ γενέσεως τ. Simp.in Cael.377.14
.

B τρόχος, ὁ, circular race, Hp.Vict.2.63, 3.68, Insomn.89; μὴ πολλοὺς τ. ἁμιλλητῆρας ἡλίου not many racing courses of the sun, i.e. not many days (codd. τροχούς wheels), S.Ant. 1065; παῖδες ἐκ τρόχων πεπαυμένοι E.Med.46
.

2 place for running, race-course, Id.Hipp. 1133 (lyr.).

II an animal, Herodor.58J. ( Trypho ap.Ammon. Diff.p.131 V. distd. the two senses as above.)

------------------------------------

τροχ-ός [(B)], όν,

A running, tripping, μέλος Pi.Fr. 177
.

II round, ἀσπίδες Lyd.Mag.1.10
([comp] Sup.); but τροχωταῖς is prob. cj.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τροχός
76 φοιτάω

φοιτ-άω, Il.2.779, etc.; [dialect] Ion. [suff] φοιτ-έω Hdt.1.37, 7.126 (also late,

A ἐπεφοίτεε Nonn.D.1.321
); [dialect] Dor. inf. φοιτῆν Bion Fr.2
; [tense] impf.[dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3sg. ἐφοίτη Theoc.2.155
; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3 dual φοιτήτην Il.12.266
; [dialect] Ion. φοίτεσκον Asius 13.1
: [dialect] Aeol. [tense] aor. subj. [ per.] 2sg. - άσῃς Sapph.68
:—go to and fro, backwards and forwards, and generally, with notion of repeated motion, stalk; ἀν' ὅμιλον ἐφοίτα θηρὶ ἐοικώς Il.3.449
, cf. 13.760; φοίτα δ' ἄλλοτε μὲν πρόσθ' Ἕκτορος, ἄλλοτ' ὄπισθε 5.595
; φοίτων ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα κατὰ στρατόν 2.779
; ἐφοίτων ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος Od.9.401
., cf.10.119; πάντῃ φοιτήσασα Il.20.6
; φοίτα μακρὰ βιβάς 15.686
, cf. Od.11.539; διὰ νηὸς φ. keep going from one part to another, 12.420; ἀφάνης κἀν Ἀΐδα δόμῳ φοιτάσῃς Sapph.
l.c.; of birds on the wing, Od.2.182, E.Hipp. 1059, Ion 154 (lyr.); of horses going to feed, Hdt.1.78; of hounds casting about for the scent, X.Cyn.4.4, 6.19; φοιτᾷς ὑπερπόντιος ἔν τ' ἀγρονόμοις αὐλαῖς, of love frequenting both sea and land, S.Ant. 785 (lyr.), cf. E.Hipp. 447; of young men strutting about to show their persons, λαμπροί τ' ἐν ἥβῃ καὶ πόλεως ἀγάλματα φοιτῶσ' Id.Fr. 282.11
.

2 roam wildly about, Il.24.533; οἱ δὲ μεγάλα στενάχοντες φοίτων Od.14.355
; φοιτῶν μανιάσιν νόσοις S.Aj.59
, cf. OT 476 (lyr.), 1255: hence, roam about in frenzy or ecstacy, ἐς Διόνυσον, of a Bacchant, AP6.172.

3 of sexual intercourse, go in to a man or woman, εἰς εὐνὴν φοιτῶντε Il.14.296
; πρὸς ἀλλήλους Pl.R. 390c
; πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα Lys.1.19
; παρ' αὐτήν ib.15; παρὰ τὸν ἑωυτῆς ἄνδρα Hdt.2.111
; παρὰ τοὺς δούλους Id.4.1
; ἐν περιτροπῇ αἱ γυναῖκες φοιτῶσι τοῖσι Πέρσῃσι Id.3.69
.

4 resort to a person as a friend, φ. παρά τινα visit him, Pl.Phd. 59d, Euthd. 295d, La. 181c, etc.; παρ' ἡμᾶς φ. ὡς παρὰ φίλους Id.R. 328d
; πρὸς τὴν συνουσίαν τινός Id.Lg. 624a
; σφιν ἑκατέρωσε Id.Grg. 523b
.

b resort to a person or place for any purpose, ἐφοίτων παρὰ τὸν Δηϊόκεα.. δικασόμενοι Hdt.1.96
; παρά τινα φ. ἐς λόγους Id.7.103
; φ. ἔς τε πολέμους καὶ ἐς ἄγρας, ἔς τε ἀγορὴν καὶ ἐξ ἀγορῆς, Id.1.37; ἐς τὰ χρηστήρια Id.6.125
; εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν ἑκάστης ἡμέρας Pl.Lg. 794b
; φ. πρὸς τοὺς Ἀθηναίους, of embassies from the subject states, Th.1.95; φοιτᾶν ἐπὶ τὰς θύρας τινός frequent, wait at a great man's door, Hdt.3.119, X.Cyr.8.1.8, HG.1.6.10; later, φ. ἐπὶ θύρας Plu.Aem.10
, Luc.DMort.9.2, etc.; ἐπὶ θύραις Plu.Cat. Mi.21
(s. v. l.); ἐπὶ τὴν ἐμὴν οἰκίαν Lys.3.29
, cf. Aeschin.1.58; εἰς τὸ ἱερόν IG7.235.2
(Oropus, iv B. C.); also φ. εἰς συσσίτια Pl.R. 416e
; ἄκλητος φοιτᾷς ἐπὶ δεῖπνον Cratin.45
(anap.), cf. Eup.162 (lyr.); εἰς καπήλου φ. Plu.2.643c
; εἰς Ἱπποθωντίδ' ἐφοίτα φυλὴν χορεύσων D.39.23
; of a company of actors, φ. τισι εἰς τὴν πόλιν Pl.Lg. 817a
.: abs., of a suitor, φοιτῶν ἐναργὴς ταῦρος, ἄλλοτ' αἰόλος δράκων.. ἄλλοτ' ἀνδρείῳ κύτει βούπρῳρος S.Tr.11
.

c of a dream that visits one frequently, haunts one, ἐν ὀνείρασι φοιτῶσα E.Alc. 355
; πολλάκις μοι φοιτῶν τὸ αὐτὸ ἐνύπνιον Pl.Phd. 60e
.

5 resort to a person as a teacher, παρά σε ταῦτα μαθησόμενος Id.Smp. 206b
; παῖς ὢν ἐφοίτας ἐς τίνος διδασκάλου (sc. οἶκον); Ar.Eq. 1235, cf. Pl.Prt. 326c, Alc.1.109d; τῶν διδασκάλων ὅποι ἐφοιτῶμεν Is.9.28
; εἰς τὰ διδασκαλεῖα φ. X.Cyr.1.2.6
; εἰς παλαίστραν Pl.Grg. 456d
; πρὸς τὰς τοῦ γραμματιστοῦ θύρας Id.Erx. 398e
: later, c. dat., τοῖς μάγοις Philostr. VA1.26
; διδασκάλοις Jul.Or.7.219c
: abs., go to school, Ar.Nu. 916, 938 (anap.); ἐδίδασκες γράμματα, ἐγὼ δ' ἐφοίτων D.18.265
: οἱ φοιτῶντες the schoolboys, Pl.Lg. 804d, Isoc.15.183.

6 of a physician, practise, Hp. Lex4.

II of things, esp. of objects of commerce, to come in constantly or regularly, be imported, ἐξ ἐσχάτης (sc. Εὐρώπης) ὅ τε κασσίτερος ἡμῖν φοιτᾷ καὶ τὸ ἤλεκτρον Hdt.3.115
; κέρεα τὰ ἐς Ἔλληνας φοιτέοντα which are imported into Greece, Id.7.126; σῖτος δέ σφι πολλὸς ἐφοίτα corn came in to them in plenty, ib.23, cf. Lys. 32.15, X.HG1.1.35; come in, of tribute or taxes, τάλαντον ἀργυρίου Ἀλεξάνδρῳ ἡμέρης ἑκάστης ἐφοίτα Hdt.5.17
, cf. 3.90: generally, ἀκάμας χρόνος.. ἀενάῳ ῥεύματι φ. E.Fr.594.2
(anap.);
ᾧ μία τις πήρα, μία διπλοΐς, εἷς ἅμ' ἐφοίτασκίπων
travelled, AP7.65
(Antip.); of reports,
λόγος ἐφοίτα
was current, Plu.Fab.21
; τὸ Σερτωρίου κλέος ἐφοίτα πανταχόσε Id.Sert.23
; ἀρεταὶ πάντῃ φ. διὰ τῆς φήμης D.S.10.12
; of fits of pain, ἥδε [νόσος] ὀξεῖα φοιτᾷ καὶ ταχεῖ, ἀπέρχεται S.Ph. 808
, cf. Hes. Op. 103; of the καταμήνια, Arist.HA 582b4, GA 727b27; of recurrent καθάρσεις, Id.HA 583a26; τὰ οὖρα καθαρὰ ἐφοίτα came clear, Hp. Epid.7.115; ἄνω φοιτᾷ ἡ ὀδύνη Id.Mul.1.63
; of recurrent phenomena, such as rain, snow, hail, Arist.Mete. 347b12, Pr. 931a38.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > φοιτάω
77 ἀνοίγνυμι

ἀνοίγ-νῡμι Lys.12.10; [full] ἀνοίγω Pi.P.5.88, Hdt.3.37, 117, and [dialect] Att. as IG1.32 ([etym.] συν-), al.: later [full] ἀνοιγνύω Demetr.Eloc. 122, Paus. 8.41.4: [tense] impf.

A ἀνἔῳγον Il.16.221
, al., Hdt.1.187, etc.; also ἀνῷγον Il.14.168
; rarely ἤνοιγον X.HG1.1.2
and 6.21; [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. ἀναοίγεσκον Il.24.455
; late ἀνεῴγνυον App.BC4.81
, etc.: [tense] fut. ἀνοίξω Ar. Pax 179
: [tense] aor. ἀνέῳξα Id.V. 768
, Th.2.2, Hp.Vict.2.56, part. ἀνεῴξας CIG(add.) 4300d ([place name] Antiphellus); also ἤνοιξα X.HG1.5.13
and in late Prose; [dialect] Ion. ἄνοιξα Hdt.1.68
(best codd. ἀνῷξα), 4.143, 9.118; poet. ἀνῷξα Theoc.14.15
, κἀνῷξε Phld.Acad.Ind.p.103
M.: [tense] pf. ἀνέῳχα D. 42.30
, Men.229; ἀνέῳγα Aristaenet.2.22
(v. infr.): [tense] plpf. ἀνεῴγει Pherecr.86
(Pors.):—[voice] Pass., [full] ἀνοίγνῠμαι E. Ion 923, Ar.Eq. 1326: late [tense] fut. ἀνοιχθήσομαι LXX Is.60.11
, Epict.Ench.33.13 (v.l.); ἀνοιγήσομαι LXXNe.7.3
, PMag.Par.1.358; ἀνεῴξομαι X.HG5.1.14
: [tense] pf. ἀνέῳγμαι E.Hipp.56
, Th.2.4, etc.; ἀνῷγμαι Theoc.14.47
; later ἤνοιγμαι ([etym.] δι- ) best reading in Hp.Epid.7.80, cf. J.Ap.2.9; [tense] plpf. ἀνέῳκτο X.HG5.1.14
([tense] pf. 2 ἀνέῳγα is used in pass. sense in Hp.Morb.4.39, Cord.7, and later Prose, as Plu.2.693d, Ev.Jo.1.51, 2 Ep.Cor.6.11, Luc.Nav. 4 (though he condemns it Sol.8); but in [dialect] Att., only Din.Fr.81): [tense] aor. ἀνεῴχθην E. Ion 1563
, subj. ἀνοιχθῆ D.44.37
, opt. ἀνοιχθείην Pl. Phd. 59d
, part. ἀνοιχθείς Th.4.130
, Pl.Smp. 216d; later ἠνοίχθην Paus.2.35.7
, LXXPs.105(106).17; and [tense] aor. 2 ἠνοίγην Ev.Marc.7.35
, Luc.Am.14, etc.—In late Gr., very irreg. forms occur, ἠνέῳξα LXX Ge.8.6
; ἠνέωχα PMag.Par.1.2261
; ἠνέῳγμαι Apoc.10.8
, Hld.9.9; ἠνεῴχθην LXXGe.7.11
; also [tense] aor. 1 inf. ἀνωίξαι Q.S.12.331
; ἀνωίχθην Nonn.D.7.317
:—open, of doors, etc., ἀναοίγεσκον μεγάλην κληῗδα they tried to put back the bolt so as to open [the door], Il.24.455, cf. 14.168; πύλας ἀνοῖξαι A.Ag. 604
; θύραν Ar.V. 768
; also without θύραν, ἐπειδὴ αὐτῷ ἀνέῳξέ τις Pl.Prt. 310b
, cf. 314d; χηλοῦ δ' ἀπὸ πῶμ' ἀνέῳγε took off the cover and opened it, Il.16.221; φωριαμῶν ἐπιθήματα κάλ' ἀνέῳγεν 24.228
; so ἀ. σορόν, θήκας, Hdt.1.68, 187; κιβωτόν Lys. 12.10
; ἀ. σήμαντρα, σημεῖα, διαθήκην, open seals, etc., X.Lac.6.4, D. 42.30, Plu.Caes.68; and metaph., καθαρὰν ἀνοίξαντι κλῇδα φρενῶν E. Med. 660
; ἀ. βίβλινον (sc. οἶνον) tap it, Theoc.14.15; γῆρυν ἀνοίξας, for στόμα, Tryph.477; ἀ. φιλήματα kiss with open mouths, Ach.Tat.2.37.

b throw open for use, γυμνάσιον OGI529.11
; κἀνῷξε σχολὰς opened school, Phld.Acad.Ind.p.103M.; εἰ ἀνοίξω ἐργαστήριον; shall I open a shop? Astramps.Orac.43p.5H.

2 metaph., lay open, unfold, disclose, ὄνομα A.Supp. 322
; ἔργ' ἀναιδῆ S.OC 515
, cf. E.IA 326; λανθάνουσαν ἀτυχίαν Men.674
.

3 as nautical term, abs., get into the open sea, get clear of land, X.HG1.1.2, 5.13, 6.21; but ἁλὸς κέλευθον ἀ. Pi.P.5.88
is to open or first show the way over the sea.

II [voice] Pass., to be open, stand open, lie open, ὄπισθε τῆς ἀνοιγομένης θύρης Hdt.1.9
; ἀνεῳγμένην καταλαμβάνειν τὴν θύραν Pl.Smp. 174e
; ἀνεῳγμένας πύλας Ἅιδου E.Hipp.56
; δικαστήρια ἀνοίγεται Pl. R. 405a
; παρέξει τἀμπόρι' ἀνεῳγμένα Ar.Av. 1523
; ἀνέῳκται τὸ δεσμωτήριον D.24.208
;
λέων τὰ ἐντὸς ἀνοιχθείς
cut open, Arist.HA 497b17
; κόλποι δι' ἀλλήλων ἀνοιγόμενοι opening one into another, Plu.Crass. 4: metaph., θησαυρὸς ὡς ἀνοίγνυται κακῶν E. Ion 923
.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀνοίγνυμι
78 ἁλιεύς

ἁλι-εύς(later written

A ἁλεεύς LXXIs.19.8
, Ev.Matt.4.18, PFlor.127.15), ὁ, gen. έως, lon. ῆος, and [var] contr. ἁλιῶς Pherecr.200
: acc. pl. ἁλιέας Antiph.190.17
, Alex.155.1; gen. ἁλιέων Id.76.5
: (ἅλς, ἅλιος A):— one who has to do with the sea, and so,

1 fisher, Od.12.251, 22.384, Hdt.3.42, S.Fr. 115, Pl. Ion 539e, etc.: ἀνὴρ ἁ. Hes.Sc. 214
.

2 seaman, sailor, Od.24.419; ἐρέτας ἁλιῆας rowers on the sea, 16.349; as Adj., ἁλιεὺς στρατός Opp.H.5.121.

3 a fish, = βάτραχος, Arist.HA 620b12, Plu.2.978d, Paus.3.21.5.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἁλιεύς
79 ἄν

ἄν (A), [pron. full] [ᾰ], [dialect] Ep., Lyr., [dialect] Ion., Arc., [dialect] Att.; also κεν) [dialect] Ep., [dialect] Aeol., Thess., κᾱ [dialect] Dor., [dialect] Boeot., El.; the two combined in [dialect] Ep. (infr. D. 11.2) and Arc.,

A εἰκ ἄν IG5(2).6.2
, 15 (iv B. C.):—modal Particle used with Verbs to indicate that the action is limited by circumstances or defined by conditions. In Hom. κε is four times as common as ἄν, in Lyr. about equally common. No clear distinction can be traced, but κε as an enclitic is somewhat less emphatic; ἄν is preferred by Hom. in negative clauses, κε ([etym.] ν) with the relative.

A In Simple Sentences, and in the Apodosis of Compound Sentences; here ἄν belongs to the Verb, and denotes that the assertion made by the Verb is dependent on a condition, expressed or implied: thus ἦλθεν he came, ἦλθεν ἄν he would have come (under conditions, which may or may not be defined), and so he might have come; ἔλθοι may he come, ἔλθοι ἄν he would come (under certain conditions), and so he might come.

I WITH INDICATIVE:

1 with historical tenses, generally [tense] impf. and [tense] aor., less freq. [tense] plpf., never [tense] pf., v. infr.,

a most freq. in apodosis of conditional sentences, with protasis implying nonfulfilment of a past or present condition, and apod. expressing what would be or would have been the case if the condition were or had been fulfilled. The [tense] impf. with ἄν refers to continued action, in Hom. always in past time, exc. perh. καί κε θάμ' ἐνθάδ' ἐόντες ἐμισγόμεθ' Od.4
. 178; later also in [tense] pres. time, first in Thgn.905; πολὺ ἂν θαυμαστότερον ἦν, εἰ ἐτιμῶντο it would be far more strange if they were honoured, Pl.R. 489a; οὐκ ἂν νήσων ἐκράτει, εἰ μή τι καὶ ναυτικὸν εἶχεν he would not have been master of islands if he had not had also some naval power, Th.1.9. The [tense] aor. strictly refers only to past time, Pi.N.11.24, etc.; εἰ τότε ταύτην ἔσχε τὴν γνώμην, οὐδὲν ἂν ὧν νυνὶ πεποίηκεν ἔπραξεν if he had then come to this opinion, he would have accomplished nothing of what he has now done, D.4.5, al., but is used idiomatically with Verbs of saying, answering, etc., as we say I should have said, εἰ μὴ πατὴρ ἦσθ', εἶπον ἄν σ' οὐκ εὖ φρονεῖν S.Ant. 755
, cf. Pl.Smp. 199d, Euthphr. 12d, etc.: the [tense] plpf. refers to completed actions, as ὃ εἰ ἀπεκρίνω, ἱκανῶς ἂν ἤδη παρὰ σοῦ τὴν ὁσιότητα ἐμεμαθήκη I should have already learnt.., ib. 14c; εἰ ὁ ἀνὴρ ἀπέθανεν, δικαίως ἂν ἐτεθνήκει Antipho 4.2.3
.

b the protasis is freq. understood: ὑπό κεν ταλασίφρονά περ δέος εἷλεν fear would have seized even the stout-hearted (had he heard the sound), Il.4.421; τὸ γὰρ ἔρυμα τῷ στρατοπέδῳ οὐκ ἂν ἐτειχίσαντο they would not have built the wall (if they had not won a battle), Th.1.11; πολλοῦ γὰρ ἂν ἦν ἄξια for (if that were so) they would be worth much, Pl.R. 374d; οὐ γὰρ ἦν ὅ τι ἂν ἐποιεῖτε for there was nothing which you could have done, i. e. would have done (if you had tried), D.18.43.

c with no definite protasis understood, to express what would have been likely to happen, or might have happened in past time: ἢ γάρ μιν ζωόν γε κιχήσεαι, ἤ κεν Ὀρέστης κτεῖνεν ὑποφθάμενος for either you will find him alive, or else Orestes may already have killed him before you, Od.4.546; ὃ θεασάμενος πᾶς ἄν τις ἀνὴρ ἠράσθη δάϊος εἶναι every man who saw this (the 'Seven against Thebes') would have longed to be a warrior, Ar. Ra. 1022; esp. with τάχα, q. v., ἀλλ' ἦλθε μὲν δὴ τοῦτο τοὔνειδος τάχ' ἂν ὀργῇ βιασθὲν μᾶλλον ἢ γνώμῃ φρενῶν, i. e. it might perhaps have come, S.OT 523; τάχα ἂν δὲ καὶ ἄλλως πως ἐσπλεύσαντες (sc. διέβησαν ) and they might also perhaps have crossed by sea (to Sicily) in some other way, Th.6.2, cf. Pl.Phdr. 265b.

d ἄν is freq. omitted in apodosi with Verbs expressing obligation, propriety, or possibility, as ἔδει, ἐχρῆν, εἰκὸς ἦν, etc., and sts. for rhetorical effect, εἰ μὴ.. ᾖσμεν, φόβον παρέσχεν it had caused (for it would have caused) fear, E.Hec. 1113. This use becomes more common in later Gk.

2 with [tense] fut. ind.:

a frequently in [dialect] Ep., usu. with κεν, rarely ἄν, Il.9.167, 22.66, indicating a limitation or condition, ὁ δέ κεν κεχολώσεται ὅν κεν ἵκωμαι and he will likely be angry to whom- soever I shall come, ib.1.139; καί κέ τις ὧδ' ἐρέει and in that case men will say, 4.176; ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι καταλέξω Od.3.80
; so in Lyr., μαθὼν δέ τις ἂν ἐρεῖ Pi.N.7.68
, cf. I.6(5).59.

b rarely in codd. of [dialect] Att. Prose writers, σαφὲς ἂν καταστήσετε Th.1.140
; οὐχ ἥκει, οὐδ' ἂν ἥξει δεῦρο Pl.R. 615d
, cf. Ap. 29c, X.An.2.5.13; dub. in Hp.Mul.2.174: in later Prose, Philostr. V A2.21, S E.M.9.225: also in Poetry, E.El. 484, Ar.Av. 1313; οὐκ ἂν προδώσω Herod.6.36
(corr. - δοίην):— for ἄν with [tense] fut. inf. and part. v. infr.

II WITH SUBJUNCTIVE, only in [dialect] Ep., the meaning being the same as with the [tense] fut. ind. (1.2a), freq. with [ per.] 1st pers., as εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώῃσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι in that case I will take her myself, Il.1.324; πείθευ, ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι εἰδέω χάριν obey and if so I will be grateful, 14.235 (the subj. is always introduced by δέ in this usage); also with other persons, giving emphasis to the future, οὐκ ἄν τοι χραίσμῃ κίθαρις 3.54
, al.

III WITH OPTATIVE (never [tense] fut., rarely [tense] pf. πῶς ἂν λελήθοι [με]; X.Smp.3.6):

a in apodosis of conditional sentences, after protasis in opt. with εἰ or some other conditional or relative word, expressing a [tense] fut. condition: ἀλλ' εἴ μοί τι πίθοιο, τό κεν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη Il.7.28
; οὐ πολλὴ ἂν ἀλογία εἴη, εἰ φοβοῖτο τὸν θάνατον; Pl.Phd. 68b
:—in Hom. [tense] pres. and [tense] aor. opt. with κε or ἄν are sts. used like [tense] impf. and [tense] aor. ind. with ἄν in Attic, with either regular ind. or another opt. in the protasis: καί νύ κεν ἔνθ' ἀπόλοιτο.. εἰ μὴ.. νόησε κτλ., i. e. he would have perished, had she not perceived, etc., Il.5.311, cf. 5.388, 17.70; εἰ νῦν ἐπὶ ἄλλῳ ἀεθλεύοιμεν, ἦ τ' ἂν ἐγὼ.. κλισίηνδε φεροίμην if we were now contending in another's honour, I should now carry.., ib.23.274: so rarely in Trag., οὐδ' ἂν σὺ φαίης, εἴ σε μὴ κνίζοι λέχος (for εἰ μὴ ἔκνιζε) E.Med. 568.

b with protasis in [tense] pres. or [tense] fut., the opt. with ἄν in apodosi takes a simply future sense: φρούριον δ' εἰ ποιήσονται, τῆς μὲν γῆς βλάπτοιεν ἄν τι μέρος they might perhaps damage, Th.1.142, cf. 2.60, Pl.Ap. 25b, R. 333e; ἢν οὖν μάθῃς.. οὐκ ἂν ἀποδοίην Ar.Nu. 116
, cf. D.1.26, al.

c with protasis understood: φεύγωμεν· ἔτι γάρ κεν ἀλύξαιμεν κακὸν ἦμαρ Od.10.269
; οὔτε ἐσθίουσι πλείω ἢ δύνανται φέρειν· διαρραγεῖεν γὰρ ἄν for (if they should do so) they would burst, X. Cyr.8.2.21; τὸν δ' οὔ κε δύ' ἀνέρε.. ἀπ' οὔδεος ὀχλίσσειαν two men could not heave the stone from the ground, i. e. would not, if they should try, Il.12.447; οὐδ' ἂν δικαίως ἐς κακὸν πέσοιμί τι S.Ant. 240
, cf. D.2.8: in Hom. sts. with ref. to past time, Τυδεΐδην οὐκ ἂν γνοίης ποτέροισι μετείη Il.5.85
.

d with no definite protasis implied, in potential sense: ἡδέως δ' ἂν ἐροίμην Λεπτίνην but I would gladly ask Leptines, D.20.129; βουλοίμην ἄν I should like , Lat. velim (but ἐβουλόμην ἄν I should wish, if it were of any avail, vellem); ποῖ οὖν τραποίμεθ' ἄν; which way then can we turn? Pl.Euthd. 290a; οὐκ ἂν μεθείμην τοῦ θρόνου I will not give up the throne, Ar.Ra. 830; idiomatically, referring to the past, αὗται δὲ οὐκ ἂν πολλαὶ εἶεν but these would not (on investigation) prove to be many, Th.1.9; εἴησαν δ' ἂν οὗτοι Κρῆτες these would be (i. e. would have been) Cretans, Hdt.1.2: used in order to soften assertions by giving them a less positive form, as οὐκ ἂν οὖν πάνυ γέ τι σπουδαῖον εἴη ἡ δικαιοσύνη, i.e. it would not prove to be, etc. (for, it is not, etc.), Pl.R. 333e.

e in questions, expressing a wish: τίς ἂν θεῶν.. δοίη; S.OC 1100
, cf.A.Ag. 1448; πῶς ἂν θάνοιμι; S.Aj. 389
: hence (with no question) as a mild command, exhortation, or entreaty, τλαίης κεν Μενελάῳ ἐπιπροέμεν ταχὺν ἰόν Il.4.94
; σὺ μὲν κομίζοις ἂν σεαυτὸν ᾗ θέλεις you may take yourself off (milder than κόμιζε σεαυτόν), S.Ant. 444; χωροῖς ἂν εἴσω you may go in, El. 1491; κλύοις ἂν ἤδη, Φοῖβε hear me now, Phoebus, ib. 637; φράζοις ἄν, λέγοις ἄν, Pl.Phlb. 23c, 48b.

f in a protasis which is also an apodosis: εἴπερ ἄλλῳ τῳ ἀνθρώπων πειθοίμην ἄν, καὶ σοὶ πείθομαι if I would trust any (other) man (if he gave me his word), I trust you, Id.Prt. 329b; εἰ μὴ ποιήσαιτ' ἂν τοῦτο if you would not do this (if you could), D.4.18, cf. X.Mem.1.5.3, Plot.6.4.16.

g rarely omitted with opt. in apodosis: ῥεῖα θεός γ' ἐθέλων καὶ τηλόθεν ἄνδρα σαώσαι Od.3.231
, cf. 14.123, Il.5.303; also in Trag., θᾶσσον ἢ λέγοι τις E.Hipp. 1186
; τεὰν δύνασιν τίς.. κατάσχοι; S.Ant. 605
.

h ἄν c. [tense] fut. opt. is prob. always corrupt (cf. 1.2b), as τὸν αὐτὸν ἂν ἐπαινέσοι ( ἐπαινέσαι Bekk.) Pl.Lg. 719e; εἰδὼς ὅτι οὐδέν' ἂν καταλήψοιτο ( οὐδένα Bekk.) Lys.1.22.

IV WITH INF. and PART. (sts. ADJ. equivalent to part., τῶν δυνατῶν ἂν κρῖναι Pl.R. 577b
) representing ind. or opt.:

1 [tense] pres. inf. or part.:

a representing [tense] impf. ind., οἴεσθε τὸν πατέρα.. οὐκ ἂν φυλάττειν; do you think he would not have kept them safe? ([etym.] οὐκ ἂν ἐφύλαττεν), D.49.35; ἀδυνάτων ἂν ὄντων [ὑμῶν] ἐπιβοηθεῖν when you would have been unable, Th.1.73, cf. 4.40.

b representing [tense] pres. opt., πόλλ' ἂν ἔχων (representing ἔχοιμ' ἄν) ἕτερ' εἰπεῖν παραλείπω D. 18.258
, cf. X.An.2.3.18: with Art., τὸ ἐθέλειν ἂν ἰέναι ἄκλητος ἐπὶ δεῖπνον Pl.Smp. 174b
.

2 [tense] aor. inf. or part.:

a representing [tense] aor. ind., οὐκ ἂν ἡγεῖσθ' αὐτὸν κἂν ἐπιδραμεῖν; do you not think he would even have run thither? ([etym.] καὶ ἐπέδραμεν ἄν), D.27.56; ἴσμεν ὑμᾶς ἀναγκασθέντας ἄν we know you would have been compelled, Th.1.76, cf. 3.89; ῥᾳδίως ἂν ἀφεθείς when he might easily have been acquitted, X.Mem.4.4.4.

b representing [tense] aor. opt., οὐδ' ἂν κρατῆσαι αὐτοὺς τῆς γῆς ἡγοῦμαι I think they would not even be masters of the land ([etym.] οὐδ' ἂν κρατήσειαν), Th.6.37, cf. 2.20; ὁρῶν ῥᾳδίως ἂν αὐτὸ ληφθέν ([etym.] ληφθείη ἄν) Id.7.42; οὔτε ὄντα οὔτε ἂν γενόμενα, i.e. things which are not and never could happen ([etym.] ἃ οὔτε ἂν γένοιτο), Id.6.38.

3 [tense] pf. inf. or part. representing:

a [tense] plpf. ind., πάντα ταῦθ' ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων ἂν ἑαλωκέναι ([etym.] φήσειεν ἄν ) he would say that all these would have been destroyed by the barbarians ([etym.] ἑαλώκη ἄν), D.19.312.

b [tense] pf. opt., οὐκ ἂν ἡγοῦμαι αὐτοὺς δίκην ἀξίαν δεδωκέναι, εἰ.. καταψηφίσαισθε I do not believe they would (then) have suffered ([etym.] δεδωκότες ἂν εἶεν) punishment enough, etc., Lys.27.9.

4 [tense] fut. inf.or part., never in [dialect] Ep., and prob. always corrupt in [dialect] Att., νομίζων μέγιστον ἂν σφᾶς ὠφελήσειν (leg. - ῆσαι) Th.5.82, cf. 6.66, 8.25,71; part. is still more exceptional, ὡς ἐμοῦ οὐκ ἂν ποιήσοντος ἄλλα Pl.Ap. 30c
(codd.), cf. D.19.342 (v. l.); both are found in later Gk., νομίσαντες ἂν οἰκήσειν οὕτως ἄριστα Plb.8.30.8
, cf. Plu.Marc.15, Arr.An.2.2.3; with part., Epicur. Nat.14.1, Luc.Asin.26, Lib.Or.62.21, dub. l. in Arr.An.6.6.5.

B IN DEPENDENT CLAUSES.

I In the protasis of conditional sentences with εἰ, regularly with the subjunctive. In Attic εἰ ἄν is contracted into ἐάν, ἤν, or ἄν ([etym.] ᾱ) (q. v.): Hom. has generally εἴ κε (or αἴ κε), sts. ἤν, once εἰ δ' ἄν Il.3.288
, twice εἴπερ ἄν 5.224
, 232. The protasis expresses either future condition (with apod. of [tense] fut. time) or general condition (with apod. of repeated action): εἰ δέ κεν ὣς ἔρξῃς καί τοι πείθωνται Ἀχαιοί, γνώσῃ ἔπειθ' ὅς .. if thus thou shalt do.., ib.2.364; ἢν ἐγγὺς ἔλθῃ θάνατος, οὐδεὶς βούλεται θνῄσκειν if death (ever) come near.., E.Alc. 671.

2 in relative or temporal clauses with a conditional force; here ἄν coalesces with ὅτε, ὁπότε, ἐπεί, ἐπειδή, cf. ὅταν, ὁπόταν, ἐπήν or ἐπάν ([dialect] Ion. ἐπεάν) , ἐπειδάν: Hom. has ὅτε κε (sts. ὅτ' ἄν) , ὁππότε κε (sts. ὁπότ' ἄν or ὁππότ' ἄν) , ἐπεί κε ( ἐπεὶ ἄν Il.6.412
), ἐπήν, εὖτ' ἄν; v. also εἰσόκε ([etym.] εἰς ὅ κε):—τάων ἥν κ' ἐθέλωμι φίλην ποιήσομ' ἄκοιτιν whomsoever of these I may wish.., Il.9.397; ὅταν δὴ μὴ σθένω, πεπαύσομαι when I shall have no strength.., S.Ant.91; ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος.. ὅς χ' ἕτερον μὲν κεύθῃ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἄλλο δὲ εἴπῃ who ever conceals one thing in his mind and speaks another, Il.9.312, cf. D.4.6, Th.1.21. —Hom. uses subj. in both the above constructions (1 and 2 ) without ἄν; also Trag. and Com., S.Aj. 496, Ar.Eq. 805; μέχρι and πρίν occasionally take subj. without ἄν in prose, e.g. Th.1.137,4.16 ([etym.] μέχρι οὗ), Pl.Phd. 62c, Aeschin.3.60.

3 in final clauses introduced by relative Advbs., as ὡς, ὅπως (of Manner), ἵνα (of Place), ὄφρα, ἕως, etc. (of Time), freq. in [dialect] Ep., σαώτερος ὥς κε νέηαι Il.1.32
; ὄφρα κεν εὕδῃ Od.3.359
; ὅπως ἂν εἰδῇ.. φράσω A.Pr. 824
; ὅπως ἂν φαίνηται κάλλιστος Pl.Smp. 198e
; μηχανητέον ὅπως ἂν διαφύγῃ Grg. 481a
(where ὅπως with [tense] fut. ind. is the regular constr.); also after ὡς in Hdt., Trag., X.An.2.5.16, al., once in Th.6.91 (but [tense] fut. ind. is regular in [dialect] Att.); ἵνα final does not take ἄν or κε exc. ἵνα εἰδότες ἤ κε θάνωμεν ἤ κεν.. φύγοιμεν Od.12.156
( ἵνα = where in S.OC 405). μή, = lest, takes ἄν only with opt. in apodosis, as S.Tr. 631, Th.2.93.

II in [dialect] Ep. sts. with OPTATIVE as with subj. (always κε ([etym.] ν), exc. εἴ περ ἂν αὐταὶ Μοῦσαι ἀείδοιεν Il.2.597
), εἴ κεν Ἄρης οἴχοιτο Od.8.353
; ὥς κε.. δοίη ᾧ κ' ἐθέλοι that he might give her to whomsoever he might please, ib.2.54: so in Hdt. in final clauses, 1.75,99:—in Od.23.135 ὥς κέν τις φαίη, κέν belongs to Verb in apod., as in ὡς δ' ἂν ἥδιστα ταῦτα φαίνοιτο X.Cyr.7.5.81
.

2 rarely in oratio obliqua, where a relat. or temp. word retains an ἄν which it would have with subj. in direct form, S.Tr. 687, X.Mem.1.2.6, Isoc.17.15; ἐπειδὰν δοκιμασθείην D.30.6
:—similarly after a preceding opt., οὐκ ἀποκρίναιο ἕως ἂν.. σκέψαιο Pl.Phd. 101d
.

III rarely with εἰ and INDICATIVE in protasis, only in [dialect] Ep.:

1 with [tense] fut. ind. as with subj.: αἴ κεν Ἰλίου πεφιδήσεται Il.15.213
:—so with relat., οἵ κέ με τιμήσουσι 1.175
.

2 with εἰ and a past tense of ind., once in Hom., εἰ δέ κ' ἔτι προτέρω γένετο δρόμος Il.23.526
; so Ζεὺς γάρ κ' ἔθηκε νῆσον εἴ κ' ἐβούλετο Orac. ap. Hdt.1.174, cf. Ar.Lys. 1099 (cod. R), A.R.1.197.

IV in later Greek, ἄν with relative words is used with INDICATIVE in all tenses, as ὅπου ἂν εἰσεπορεύετο Ev.Marc.6.56
; ὅσ' ἂν πάσχετε PFay. 136
(iv A. D.); ἔνθ' ἂν πέφυκεν ἡ ὁλότης εἶναι Phlp. in Ph.436.19
; cf. ἐάν, ὅταν.

C with [tense] impf. and more rarely [tense] aor. ind. in ITERATIVE construction, to express elliptically a condilion fulfilled whenever an opportumty offered; freq. in Hdt. (not in Pi. or A.), κλαίεσκε ἂν καὶ ὀδυρέσκετο she would (i. e. used to) weep and lament, 3.119; εἶτα πῦρ ἂν οὐ παρῆν S.Ph. 295
; εἴ τινες ἴδοιεν.., ἀνεθάρσησαν ἄν whenever they saw it, on each occasion, Th.7.71; διηρώτων ἂν αὐτοὺς τί λέγοιεν Pl.Ap. 22b
: inf. representing [tense] impf. of this constr., ἀκούω Λακεδαιμονίους τότε ἐμβαλόντας ἂν.. ἀναχωρεῖν, i. e. I hear they used to retire ([etym.] ἀνεχώρουν ἄν), D.9.48.

D GENERAL REMARKS:

I POSITION OF ἄν.

1 in A, when ἄν does not coalesce with the relat. word (as in ἐάν, ὅταν), it follows directly or is separated only by other particles, as μέν, δέ, τε, ga/r, kai/, νυ, περ, etc.; as εἰ μέν κεν.. εἰ δέ κε Il.3.281
-4; rarely by τις, as ὅποι τις ἄν, οἶμαι, προσθῇ D.2.14
:—in Hom. and Hes. two such Particles may precede κε, as εἴ περ γάρ κεν Od.8.355
, cf. Il.2.123; εἰ γάρ τίς κε, ὃς μὲν γάρ κε, Hes.Op. 280, 357; rarely in Prose, ὅποι μὲν γὰρ ἄν D.4.45
; ὁπότερος οὖν ἄν Ar.Ra. 1420
: also ὁπόσῳ πλέον ἄν Pl.Lg. 647e
, cf. 850a; ὅπου τὸ πάλαι λεγόμενον ἂν γίγνηται 739c
.

2 in apodosis, ἄν may stand either next to its Verb (before or after it), or after some other emphatic word, esp. an interrog., a negative (e. g. οὐδ' ἂν εἷς, οὐκ ἂν ἔτι, etc.), or an important Adjective or Adverb; also after a participle which represents the protasis, λέγοντος ἄν τινος πιστεῦσαι οἴεσθε; do you think they would have believed it if any one had told them? ([etym.] εἴ τις ἔλεγεν, ἐπίστευσαν ἄν), D.6.20.

3 ἄν is freq. separated from its inf. by such Verbs as οἴομαι, δοκέω, φημί, οἶδα, etc., οὐκ ἂν οἴει .. ; freq. in Pl., Grg. 486d, al.; καὶ νῦν ἡδέως ἄν μοι δοκῶ κοινωνῆσαι I think that I should, X.Cyr.8.7.25; οὕτω γὰρ ἄν μοι δοκεῖ ἥ τε πόλις ἄριστα διοικεῖσθαι Aeschin.3.2
; ἃ μήτε προῄδει μηδεὶς μήτ' ἂν ᾠήθη τήμερον ῥηθῆναι (where ἄν belongs to ῥηθῆναι) D. 18.225:—in the phrase οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ, or οὐκ ἂν οἶδ' εἰ, ἄν belongs not to οἶδα, but to the Verb which follows, οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμι, for οὐκ οἶδα εἰ πείσαιμι ἄν, E.Med. 941, cf. Alc.48; οὐκ ἂν οἶδ' εἰ δυναίμην Pl. Ti. 26b
; οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ ἐκτησάμην X.Cyr.5.4.12
.

4 ἄν never begins a sentence, or even a clause after a comma, but may stand first after a parenthetic clause, ἀλλ', ὦ μέλ', ἄν μοι σιτίων διπλῶν ἔδει Ar. Pax
<*>37.

II REPETITION OF ἄν:—in apodosis ἄν may be used twice or even three times with the same Verb, either to make the condition felt throughout a long sentence, or to emphasize certain words, ὥστ' ἄν, εἰ σθένος λάβοιμι, δηλώσαιμ' ἄν S.El. 333
, cf. Ant.69, A.Ag. 340, Th.1.76 (fin.), 2.41, Pl.Ap. 31a, Lys.20.15; ἀφανεῖς ἂν ὄντες οὐκ ἂν ὑμνήθημεν ἄν E.Tr. 1244
, cf. S.Fr. 739; attached to a parenthetical phrase, ἔδρασ' ἄν, εὖ τοῦτ' ἴσθ' ἄν, εἰ .. Id.OT 1438.

2 ἄν is coupled with κε ([etym.] ν ) a few times in Hom., as Il.11.187, 202, Od.5.361, al.; cf. ἤν περ γάρ κ' ἐθέλωσιν v.l. ib.18.318.

III ELLIPSIS OF VERB:—sts. the Verb to which ἄν belongs must be supplied, in Hom. only εἰμί, as τάτ' ἔλδεται ὅς κ' ἐπιδευής (sc. ᾖ) Il.5.481; ἀλλ' οὐκ ἂν πρὸ τοῦ (sc. ἔρρεγκον) Ar.Nu.5; τί δ' ἂν δοκεῖ σοι Πρίαμος (sc. πρᾶξαι) , εἰ τάδ' ἤνυσεν; A.Ag. 935
:—so in phrases like πῶς γὰρ ἄν; and πῶς οὐκ ἄν (sc. εἴη); also in ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ (or ὡσπερανεί), as φοβούμενος ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ παῖς (i. e. ὥσπερ ἂν ἐφοβήθη εἰ παῖς ἦν) Pl.Grg. 479a; so τοσοῦτον ἐφρόνησαν, ὅσον περ ἂν (sc. ἐφρόνησαν) εἰ.. Isoc.10.48
:—so also when κἂν εἰ ( = καὶ ἂν εἰ) has either no Verb in the apod. or one to which ἄν cannot belong, Pl.R. 477a, Men. 72c; cf. κἄν:—so the Verb of a protasis containing ἄν may be understood, ὅποι τις ἂν προσθῇ, κἂν μικρὰν δύναμιν (i. e. καὶ ἐὰν προσθῇ) D.2.14; ὡς ἐμοῦ οὖν ἰόντος ὅπῃ ἂν καὶ ὑμεῖς (sc. ἴητε) X.An.1.3.6.

IV ELLIPSIS OF ἄν:—when an apodosis consists of several co-ordinate clauses, ἄν is generally used only in the first and understood in the others: πείθοι' ἂν εἰ πείθοι'· ἀπειθοίης δ' ἴσως A.Ag. 1049
: even when the construction is continued in a new sentence, Pl.R. 352e, cf. 439b codd.: but ἄν is repeated for the sake of clearness or emphasis, ib. 398a, cf. D.19.156 (where an opt. is implied with the third ὡς): rarely expressed with the second of two co-ordinate Verbs and understood with the first, τοῦτον ἂν.. θαρσοίην ἐγὼ καλῶς μὲν ἄρχειν, εὖ δ' ἂν ἄρχεσθαι θέλειν (i. e. καλῶς μὲν ἂν ἄρχοι, εὖ δ' ἂν θέλοι ἄρχεσθαι) S.Ant. 669.

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ἄν (B), [pron. full] [ᾱ], [dialect] Att.,

A = ἐάν, ἤν, Th.4.46 codd., al.; freq. in Pl., ἂν σωφρονῇ Phd. 61b
; ἂν θεὸς θέλῃ ib. 80d, cf. D.4.50; ἄν τ'.. ἄν τε Arist. Ath.48.4
: not common in earlier [dialect] Att. Inscrr., IG1.2a5, 2.179b49, al.: but freq. later, SIG1044.27 (iv/iii B. C.), PPetr.2p.47 (iii B. C.), PPar.32.19 (ii B. C.), PTeb.110.8 (i B. C.), Ev.Jo.20.23, etc.

------------------------------------

ἄν (C) or [full] ἀν, Epic form of ἀνά, q. v.

------------------------------------

ἄν (D), shortened from ἄνα, v. sub ἀνά G.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἄν
80 ἐκ

ἐκ, before a vowel [full] ἐξ, also

A ἐξ τῳ ϝοίκῳ Inscr.Cypr. 135.5
H., in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. before ς ξ ζ ρ and less freq. λ ; ἐγ- in Inscrr. before β γ δ λ μ ν ; Cret. and [dialect] Boeot. [full] ἐς Leg.Gort.2.49, Corinn.Supp.2.67 ; ἐχ freq. in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. before χ φ θ (and in early Inscrr. before ς, IG12.304.20) ; also ἐ Ναυπάκτω ib.9(1).334.8 ([dialect] Locr.) ; (ἐτ is for ἐπὶ in ib 9(2).517.14 (Thess.)):—Prep. governing GEN. only (exc. in Cypr. and Arc., c. dat., Inscr.Cypr.135.5 H. ([place name] Idalium), (in form ἐς) IG5(2).6.49 (Tegea, iv B.C.)):—radical sense, from out of, freq. also simply, from.

I OF PLACE, the most freq. usage, variously modified:

1 of Motion, out of, forth from, ἐκ Πύλου ἐλθὼν τηλόθεν ἐξ ἀπίης γαίης Il.1.269
, cf.Pl.Prt. 321c, etc. ; μάχης ἔκ Il.17.207
; ἂψ ἐκ δυσμενέων ἀνδρῶν 24.288
; ἐξ ὀχέων, ἐξ ἕδρης, 3.29, 19.77 ; φεύγειν ἐκ πολέμοιο 7.119
; ἐκ τῶν πολεμίων ἐλθεῖν X.Cyr.6.2.9
; ἐκ χειρῶν γέρας εἵλετο Il.9.344
, cf. S.Ph. 1287 (but ἐκ χειρὸς βάλλειν or παίειν to strike with a spear in the hand, opp. ἀντιτοξεύειν or ἀκοντίζειν, X.An.3.3.15, Cyr.4.3.16 ; ἐκ χειρὸς τὴν μάχην ποιεῖσθαι ib.6.2.16, cf. 6.3.24, etc.) ; ἐκ χρυσῶν φιαλῶν πίνειν ib.5.3.3 ; ἐξ ἀγορᾶς ὠνεῖσθαι Pl.Com.190
.

2 ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον I loved her from my heart, with all my heart, Il.9.343 ; ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀσπάσασθαι X.Oec.10.4
; μέγαν ἐκ θυμοῦ κλάζοντες Ἄρη A.Ag.48
(anap.) ; δακρυχέων ἐκ φρενός Id.Th. 919
(anap.) ; οὐδὲν ἐκ σαυτῆς λέγεις S.El. 344
; ἐξ εὐμενῶν στέρνων δέχεσθαι receive with kindly heart, Id.OC 486 ; ἐξ ὀμμάτων ὀρθῶν δὲ κἀξ ὀρθῆς φρενός Id.OT 528
; ὀρθὸς ἐξ ὀρθῶν δίφρων with chariot still upright, Id.El. 742 ; ἐξ ἀκινήτου ποδός Id.Tr. 875
; ἐξ ἑνὸς ποδός Id.Ph.91
.

3 to denote change or succession, freq. with an antithetic repetition of the same word, δέχεται κακὸν ἐκ κακοῦ one evil comes from (or after) another, Il.19.290 ; ἐκ φόβου φόβον τρέφω S.Tr.28
; πόλιν ἐκ πόλεως ἀμείβειν, ἀλλάττειν, Pl. Sph. 224b, Plt. 289e ; λόγον ἐκ λόγου λέγειν D.18.313
; πόρους ἐκ πόρων ὑπισχνούμενοι Alciphr.1.8
; ἀπαλλάττειν τινὰ ἐκ γόων S.El. 291
; ἐκ κακῶν πεφευγέναι Id.Ant. 437
: hence, instead of, τυφλὸς ἐκ δεδορκότος Id.OT 454
; λευκὴν..ἐκ μελαίνης ἀμφιβάλλομαι τρίχα Id.Ant. 1093
; ἐλεύθερος ἐκ δούλου καὶ πλούσιος ἐκ πτωχοῦ γεγονώς D.18.131
, cf. X. An.7.7.28, etc.

4 to express separation or distinction from a number, ἐκ πολέων πίσυρες four out of many, Il.15.680 ; μοῦνος ἐξ ἁπάντων σωθῆναι Hdt.5.87
; εἶναι ἐκ τῶν δυναμένων to be one of the wealthy, Pl.Grg. 525e ; ἐμοὶ ἐκ πασέων Ζεὺς ἄλγε' ἔδωκεν to me out of (i.e. above) all, Il. 18.431, cf. 432 ; ἐκ πάντων μάλιστα 4.96
, cf. S.Ant. 1137 (lyr.), etc. ; redundant, εἷς τῶν ἐκ τῶν φίλων σου LXX Jd.15.2
.

5 of Position, outside of, beyond, chiefly in early writers, ἐκ βελέων out of shot, Il.14.130, etc. ; ἐκ καπνοῦ out of the smoke, Od.19.7 ; ἐκ πατρίδος banished from one's country, 15.272 ; ἐκ μεσου κατῆστο sate down apart from the company, Hdt.3.83 ; ἐξ ἠθέων τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατεῖλαι out of its accustomed quarters, Id.2.142; ἐξ ὀφθαλμῶν out of sight, Id.5.24 ; ἐξ ὁδοῦ out of the road, S.OC 113.

6 with Verbs of Rest, where previous motion is implied, on, in, δαῖέ οἱ ἐκ κόρυθος..πῦρ lighted a fire from (i.e. on) his helmet, Il.5.4 ; ἐκ ποταμοῦ χρόα νίζετο washed his body in the river ( with water from the river), Od.6.224 : freq. with Verbs signifying hang or fasten, σειρήν..ἐξ οὐρανόθεν κρεμάσαντες having hung a chain from heaven, Il.8.19 ; ἐκ πασσαλόφι κρέμασεν φόρμιγγα he hung his lyre from (i.e. on) the peg, Od.8.67 ; ἀνάπτεσθαι ἔκ τινος fasten from i.e. upon) a thing, 12.51 ; μαχαίρας εἶχον ἐξ ἀργυρέων τελαμώνων Il.18.598
; πρισθεὶς ἐξ ἀντύγων gripped to the chariot-rail, S.Aj. 1030, etc.; ἐκ τοῦ βραχίονος ἵππον ἐπέλκουσα leading it [ by a rein] upon her arm, Hdt.5.12 : with Verbs signifying hold, lead, ἐξ ἐκείνων ἔχειν τὰς ἐλπίδας to have their hopes dependent upon them, Th.1.84 ; ἐκ χειρὸς ἄγειν lead by the hand, Bion Fr.7.2 ; ἐκ ποδὸς ἕπεσθαι ib.6.2 ; ἐκ τῆς οὐρᾶς λαμβάνεσθαι Luc.Asin.23
: with the Art. indicating the place of origin, οἱ ἐκ τῶν νήσων κακοῦργοι the robbers of the islands, Th.1.8, cf. 2.5, 13 ; τοὺς ἐκ τῆς ναυμαχίας those in the sea-fight, Pl. Ap. 32b ; τοὺς ἐκ τῶν σκηνῶν those in the tents, D.18.169 ; ἁρπασόμενοι τὰ ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν X.Cyr.7.2.5
; οἱ ἐκ τοῦ πεδίου ἔθεον Id.An. 4.6.25
: even with Verbs of sitting or standing, εἰσεῖδε στᾶσ' ἐξ Οὐλύμποιο from Olympus where she stood, Il.14.154 ; καθῆσθαι ἐκ πάγων to sit on the heights and look from them, S.Ant. 411 ; στὰς ἐξ ἐπάλξεων ἄκρων E.Ph. 1009
; ἐκ βυθοῦ at the bottom, Theoc.22.40 : phrases, ἐκ δεξιᾶς, ἐξ ἀριστερᾶς, on the right, left, X.Cyr.8.3.10, etc.; οἱ ἐξ ἐναντίας, οἱ ἐκ πλαγίοὐ ib.7.1.20 ; ἐκ θαλάσσης, opp. ἐκ τῆς μεσογείας, D.18.301.

7 νικᾶν ἔκ τινος win a victory over.., Apoc.15.2.

II OF TIME, elliptic with Pron. relat. and demonstr., ἐξ οὗ [ χρόνου] since, Il.1.6, Od.2.27, etc.; in apod., ἐκ τοῦ from that time, Il.8.296 ; ἐκ τούτου X.An.5.8.15
, etc. (but ἐκ τοῖο thereafter, Il.1.493, and ἐκ τούτων or ἐκ τῶνδε usu. after this, X.Mem.2.9.4, S.OT 235) ; ἐξ ἐκείνου Th.2.15
; ἐκ πολλοῦ (sc. χρόνου) for a long time, Id.1.68, etc.; ἐκ πλέονος χρόνου Id.8.45
; ἐκ πλείστου ib.68 ; ἐξ ὀλίγου at short notice, Id.2.11 (but also a short time since, Plu.Caes.28) ; ἐκ παλαιοῦ X.Mem.3.5.8
; ἐκ παλαιτάτου Th.1.18
.

2 of particular points of time, ἐκ νεότητος..ἐς γῆρας Il.14.86
; ἐκ γενετῆς 24.535
; ἐκ νέου, ἐκ παιδός, from boyhood, Pl.Grg. 510d, R. 374c, etc.; ἐκ μικροῦ παιδαρίου D.53.19
; ἐξ ἀρχῆς A.Eu. 284
, etc.; καύματος ἔξ after hot weather, Il.5.865; νέφος ἔρχεται οὐρανὸν εἴσω αἰθέρος ἐκ δίης after clear weather, 16.365 ; ἐκ δὲ αἰθρίης καὶ νηνεμίης συνδραμεῖν ἐξαπίνης νέφεα Hdt.1.87
; so (like ἀπό II) ἐκ τῆς θυσίης γενέσθαι to have just finished sacrifice, ib.50, etc.; ἐκ τοῦ ἀρίστου after breakfast, X.An.4.6.21 ; ἐξ εἰρήνης πολεμεῖν to go to war after peace, Th. 1.120 ; γελάσαι ἐκ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν δακρύων X.Cyr.1.4.28
; κάλλιστον ἦμαρ εἰσιδεῖν ἐκ χείματος A.Ag. 900
; τὴν θάλασσαν ἐκ Διονυσίων πλόϊμον εἶναι Thphr.Char.3.3
; ἐκ χειμῶνος at the end of winter, Plu. Nic.20.

3 at, in, ἐκ νυκτῶν Od.12.286
; ἐκ νυκτός X.Cyr.1.4.2
, etc.; ἐξ ἡμέρας S.El. 780
; ἐκ μέσω ἄματος Theoc.10.5
; ἐκ τοῦ λοιποῦ or ἐκ τῶν λοιπῶν for the future, X.Smp.4.56, Pl.Lg. 709e.

III OF ORIGIN,

1 of Material, out of or of which things are made, γίγνεταί τι ἔκ τινος Parm.8.12
; ποιέεσθαι ἐκ ξύλων τὰ πλοῖα Hdt.1.194
; πίνοντας ἐκ κριθῶν μέθυ A.Supp. 953
; εἶναι ἐξ ἀδάμαντος Pl.R. 616c
; ἐκ λευκῶ ἐλέφαντος αἰετοί Theoc.15.123
; στράτευμα ἀλκιμώτατον ἂν γένοιτο ἐκ παιδικῶν X.Smp.8.32
; συνετάττετο ἐκ τῶν ἔτι προσιόντων formed line of battle from the troops as they marched up, Id.An.1.8.14.

2 of Parentage, ἔκ τινος εἶναι, γενέσθαι, etc., Il. 20.106,6.206, etc.; ἐκ γὰρ ἐμεῦ γένος ἐσσί (where γένος is acc. abs.) 5.896 ; σῆς ἐξ αἵματός εἰσι γενέθλης 19.111
; ὦ παῖ πατρὸς ἐξ Ἀχιλλέως S.Ph. 260
; πίρωμις ἐκ πιρώμιος Hdt.2.143
; ἀγαθοὶ καὶ ἐξ ἀγαθῶν Pl.Phdr. 246a
; τὸν ἐξ ἐμῆς μητρός S.Ant. 466
, etc.

3 of Place of Origin or Birth, ἐκ Σιδῶνος..εὔχομαι εἶναι Od.15.425
, cf. Th.1.25, etc.; ἐκ τῶν ἄνω εἰμί Ev.Jo.8.23
; ἡ ἐξ Ἀρείου πάγου βουλή the Areopagus, Arist.Ath.4.4, etc. ; οἱ ἐκ τῆς διατριβῆς ταύτης Aeschin.1.54
; οἱ ἐκ τοῦ Περιπάτου the Peripatetics, Luc.Pisc.43 ; ὁ ἐξ Ἀκαδημείας the Academic, Ath.1.34b ; οἱ ἐκ πίστεως Ep.Gal.3.7
; οἱ ἐξ ἐριθείας Ep.Rom.2.8
.

4 of the Author or Occasion of a thing, ὄναρ, τιμὴ ἐκ Διός ἐστιν, Il.1.63,2.197, cf. Od.1.33, A.Pers. 707, etc.; θάνατος ἐκ μνηστήρων death by the hand of the suitors, Od.16.447 ; τὰ ἐξ Ἑλλήνων τείχεα walls built by them, Hdt.2.148 ; κίνημα ἐξ αὑτοῦ spontaneous motion, Plot.6.1.21 ; ὕμνος ἐξ Ἐρινύων A.Eu. 331
(lyr.) ; ἡ ἐξ ἐμοῦ δυσβουλία S.Ant.95
; ὁ ἐξ ἐμοῦ πόθος Id.Tr. 631
.

5 with the agent after [voice] Pass. Verbs, by, Poet. and early Prose, ἐφίληθεν ἐκ Διός they were beloved of (i.e.by) Zeus, Il.2.669 ; κήδε' ἐφῆπται ἐκ Διός ib. 70; προδεδόσθαι ἐκ Πρηξάσπεος Hdt.3.62
; τὰ λεχθέντα ἐξ Ἀλεξάνδρου Id.7.175
, cf. S.El. 124 (lyr.), Ant.93, Th.3.69, Pl.Ti. 47b; ἐξ ἁπάντων ἀμφισβητήσεται Id.Tht. 171b
; ὁμολογουμένους ἐκ πάντων X.An.2.6.1
; τὰς ἐκ θεῶν τύχας δοθείσας S.Ph. 1316
, cf. Pl.Ly. 204c : with neut. Verbs, ἐκ..πατρὸς κακὰ πείσομαι Od.2.134
, cf. A.Pr. 759 ; τλῆναί τι ἔκ τινος Il.5.384
; θνήσκειν ἔκ τινος S.El. 579
, OT 854, etc.; τὰ γενόμενα ἐξ ἀνθρώπων Hdt.1.1
.

6 of Cause, Instrument, or Means by which a thing is done, ἐκ πατέρων φιλότητος in consequence of our fathers' friendship, Od.15.197 ; μήνιος ἐξ ὀλοῆς 3.135
; ἐξ ἔριδος Il. 7.111
; τελευτῆσαι ἐκ τοῦ τρώματος Hdt.3.29
; ἐκ τίνος λόγου; E. Andr. 548 ; ἐκ τοῦ; wherefore? Id.Hel.93 ; λέξον ἐκ τίνος ἐπλήγης X. An.5.8.4
; ποιεῖτε ὑμῖν φίλους ἐκ τοῦ Μαμωνᾶ τῆς ἀδικίας make yourselves friends of (i.e. by means of).., Ev.Luc.16.9 ; ζῆν ἔκ τινος X. HG3.2.11
codd.; ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων τρέφειν ἐμαυτόν Isoc.15.152
; ἐκ τόξων ἀνύσαι γαστρὶ φορβάν S.Ph. 710
(lyr.).

7 in accordance with, ἐκ τῶν λογίων Hdt.1.64
; ὁ ἐκ τῶν νόμων χρόνος D.24.28
; ἐκ κελεύματος A. Pers. 397
, cf. Sophr.25 ; ἐκ τῶν ξυγκειμένων Th.5.25
; ἐκ τῶν παρόντων ib.40, etc.; ἐκ τῶν ἔργων κρινόμενοι X.Cyr.2.2.21
, cf. A.Pr. 485.

8 freq. as periphr. for Adv., ἐκ προνοίας IG12.115.11
; ἐκ βίας by force, S.Ph. 563 ; ἐκ δόλου Id.El. 279
; ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου ζητεῖν Pl.R. 499a
: esp. with neut. Adjs., ἐξ ἀγχιμόλοιο, = ἀγχίμολον, Il.24.352 ; ἐκ τοῦ ἐμφανέος Hdt.3.150
; ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ, ἐκ τοῦ προφανοῦς, Th.4.106, 6.73 ; ἐκ προδήλου S.El. 1429
; ἐξ ἴσου, ἐκ τοῦ ἴσου, Id.Tr. 485, Th.2.3 ; ἐξ ἀέλπτου Hdt.1.111
, etc.: with fem. Adj., ἐκ τῆς ἰθέης Id.3.127
; ἐκ νέης Id.5.116
; ἐξ ὑστέρης Id.6.85
; ἐκ τῆς ἀντίης Id.8.6
; ἐκ καινῆς Th.3.92
; ἐξ ἑκουσίας S.Tr. 727
; ἐκ ταχείας ib. 395.

9 of Number or Measurement, with numerals, ἐκ τρίτων in the third place, E.Or. 1178, Pl.Grg. 500a, Smp. 213b ; distributively, apiece, Ath.15.671b.

b of Price, ἐξ ὀκτὼ ὀβολῶν SIG2587.206
; ἐκ τριῶν δραχμῶν ib.283 ; συμφωνήσας ἐκ δηναρίου Ev.Matt.20.2
.

c of Weight, ἐπιπέμματα ἐξ ἡμιχοινικίου Inscr.Prien.362
(iv B.C.).

d of Space, θινώδης ὢν ὁ τόπος ἐξ εἴκοσι σταδίων by the space of twenty stades, Str.8.3.19.

B ἐκ is freq. separated from its CASE, Il.11.109, etc.—It takes an accent in anastrophe, 14.472, Od.17.518.—[dialect] Ep. use it with Advbs. in -θεν, ἐξ οὐρανόθεν, ἐξ ἁλόθεν, ἐξ Αἰσύμηθεν, Il.17.548, 21.335, 8.304 ; ἐκ Διόθεν Hes.Op. 765
; ἐκ πρῴρηθεν Theoc.22.11
.—It is combined with other Preps. to make the sense more definite, as διέκ, παρέκ, ὑπέκ.

C IN COMPOS. the sense of removal prevails ; out, away, off.

2 to express completion, like our utterly, ἐκπέρθω, ἐξαλαπάζω, ἐκβαρβαρόω, ἐκδιδάσκω, ἐκδιψάω, ἐκδωριεύομαι, ἐξοπλίζω, ἐξομματόω, ἔκλευκος, ἔκπικρος.

D As ADVERB, therefrom, Il.18.480.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐκ

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