-
1 βᾰθῠμῆτα
(Aeol., cf., εὐρύοπα, simm.)1 profoundly wiseβαθυμῆτα Χίρων N. 3.53
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2 εἰμί
εἰμί (A sum), [dialect] Aeol. [full] ἔμμι Sapph.2.15, Theoc.20.32; Cret. [full] ἠμί GDI 4959a; [ per.] 2sg. εἶ, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion.εἰς Od.17.388
, al., [dialect] Aeol. ἔσσι, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Dor.ἐσσί Il.1.176
, Pi.O.6.90, Sophr.134; ; [ per.] 3sg. ἐστί, [dialect] Dor.ἐντί IG12(1).677
([place name] Rhodes), Theoc.1.17, etc.; [ per.] 3 dualἐστόν Th.3.112
; [ per.] 1pl. ἐσμέν, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. εἰμέν (also in Pi.P.3.60), , [dialect] Dor.εἰμές Theoc.15.73
, but ; [ per.] 3pl. εἰσί ([etym.] - ίν), [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. ἔασι ([etym.] - ιν) Il.7.73, Xenoph.8.1, Antim.29, Herod.4.84, [dialect] Dor.ἐντί Pi.N.1.24
, Theoc.11.45, IG9(1).32.22 ([place name] Phocis), etc.: imper. ἴσθι (ἔσθι Hecat.361
J.), [dialect] Ep. and Lyr. also in [voice] Med. formἔσσο Od.3.200
, Sapph.1.28, Maced.Pae.31, late Proseἔσο Plu.2.241d
, M.Ant.3.5, Hld.5.12, Porph.Marc.34; [ per.] 3sg. ἔστω (, and late Inscrr., CIG2664, al.; but in Pl.R. 361c leg. ἴτω), [dialect] Dor. εἴτω, ἤτω, Heraclid. ap. Eust.1411.21, Elean ; [ per.] 3pl. ἔστωσαν, butἔστων Hom.
, Pl.R. 502a, , and early [dialect] Att. Inscrr., IG12.22, etc. ( ἔστωσαν first in ii B. C., ib.22.1328), [dialect] Dor. ἐόντων ib.1126: subj. ὦ, ᾖς, ᾖ, [dialect] Ep.ἔω Od.9.18
; [ per.] 3sg.ἔῃ Il.12.300
,al. (alsoἔῃσι 2.366
, al., ᾖσι ([etym.] ν) 19.202, Hes.Op. 294), also [dialect] Boeot.ἔνθω IG7.3172.165
,μετείω Il.23.47
and perh.εἴῃ 9.245
, etc.; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3pl. ([place name] Crete), ([place name] Hierapytna), [dialect] Boeot.ἴωνθι IG7.3171.46
(iii B. C.): opt. εἴην, -ης (εἴησθα Thgn.715
), -η, also ἔοις, ἔοι, Il.9.284, 142, al., cf. Hdt.7.6; [ per.] 3pl.εἴοισαν Ἀρχ. Ἐφ. 1911.133
([place name] Gonni); [ per.] 3 dual , Sph. 243e; [ per.] 1pl. (lyr.), Pl.; [ per.] 2pl.εἶτε Od. 21.195
; [ per.] 3pl.εἶεν Il.2.372
, etc.,εἴησαν Hdt.1.2
, etc.; Elean ἔα, = εἴη, SIG9 (vi B. C.), and σύν-εαν, = συνεῖεν, GDI 1149 (vi B. C.): inf. εἶναι, Arc. (Tegea, iv B. C.); [dialect] Ep. ἔμμεναι (also [dialect] Aeol.ἔμμεν' Sapph.34
), ἔμμεν (also Pi.P.6.42, S.Ant. 623 (lyr.)), ἔμεναι, ἔμεν, also ([place name] Dodona); [dialect] Dor. εἶμεν Foed. ap. Th.5.77,79, IG7.1.7 ([place name] Megara),ἦμεν Test.Epict.5.16
, Tab.Heracl.1.75, Cret. ἦμεν orἤμην Leg.Gort.1.15
, al., GDI4998i 2, al., Megar. ,εἴμειν IG12(1).155.100
([place name] Rhodes), 14.952 ([place name] Agrigentum); εἶν ib. 12(9).211.10 ([place name] Eretria), SIG135.4 ([place name] Olynthus), etc.: part. ὤν, [dialect] Ep. ἐών, ἐοῦσα, ἐόν, Cypr.ἰών Inscr.Cypr.135.23
H.; [dialect] Boeot. fem.ἰῶσα IG 7.3172.116
(Orchom.), [dialect] Aeol. and [dialect] Dor. fem.ἔσσα Sapph.75.4
, IG4.952.2 (Epid.), Theoc.28.16,ἐοῖσα Pi.P.4.265
,ἔασσα Lyr.Alex.Adesp. 9
, Diotog. ap. Stob.4.7.62,εὖσα Erinn.5.5
(also [dialect] Ion., Herod.5.16,εὔντων 2.85
),ἐᾶσα Ti.Locr.96d
, IG5(1).1470.8 ([place name] Messene),ἴαττα Leg.Gort.8.47
; acc. sg.εὖντα Theoc.2.3
; nom. sg. εἴς in Heraclid. ap. Eust.1756.13, pl.ἔντες Tab.Heracl.1.117
; dat. pl. ἔντασσι ib.104; gen. pl.παρ-έντων Alcm. 64
: [tense] impf.ἦν Il.2.77
, etc., [dialect] Ep. ἔον (also [dialect] Aeol., Alc.127, Sapph.Oxy. 1787 Fr.3 ii 21), in [dialect] Att. ἦ (dub. in [dialect] Aeol., Alc. Supp.14.9), Ar.Pl.77, Pl.Phd. 61b, etc., but usu. altered to ἦν in codd. (and ἦν is required by metre in E. Ion 280), [var] contr. from [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. ἦα (Il.5.808, al., IG12(8).449.2 ([place name] Thasos), whence Hom.and later [dialect] Ion.ἔᾱ Il.4.321
, al.,ἔας Hdt.1.187
,ἔατε Id.4.119
); [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. ἦεν, always with ν in Hom.; ἔην as [ per.] 1sg., only Il.11.762 (s. v.l., al. ἔον), freq. as [ per.] 3sg. (generally before a consonant, so that ἔεν is possible), sts. also ἤην; [ per.] 2sg. ἦσθα, later ἦς (wh. is v.l. in Pi.I.1.26), sts. in LXX (Jd. 11.35, Ru.3.2,al.), cf. Pl.Ax. 365e, Erinn.4.4, Ev.Matt.25.21, al., , [dialect] Ep. ἔησθα; [ per.] 3sg. ἦν, [dialect] Ep. ἔην, ἤην, ἦεν (v. supr.), [dialect] Dor. and [dialect] Aeol.ἦς Alc.Supp.30.1
, Epich.102, Sophr.59, Theoc.2.90, SIG241.145 (Delph.); [ per.] 3 dualἤστην Il.5.10
, E.Hipp. 387, Ar.Eq. 982, Pl.Euthd. 272a, al.; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 1pl.ἦμες Plu.Lyc.21
; [ per.] 2pl. , , Ec. 1086; [ per.] 3pl. ἦσαν, [dialect] Ion. and Poet. ἔσαν (in Hes.Th. 321, 825, ἦν is not pl. for ἦσαν, but is rather a peculiarity of syntax, v. infr. v, but is [ per.] 3pl. in Epich.46, al., SIG560.15 (Epidamnus, iii B. C.)); [dialect] Aeol. ; later (iii B. C.), SIG527.46 (Crete, iii B. C.), IGRom.4.1740 ([place name] Cyme), always in LXX as Ba.1.19, cf. Ev.Matt.23.30, Plu.2.174a, etc., and sts. in codd. of earlier writers, Lys.7.34, Trag.Adesp. 124 (cited from E. Hel. 931 by Choerob. and from Id.Tr. 474 by Aps.), X.Cyr.6.1.9, Hyp.Ath.26, [ per.] 2sg.ἦσο Epigr.Gr.379
([place name] Aezani), [ per.] 3sg.ἦστο Supp.Epigr. 1.455.7
([place name] Phrygia), [ per.] 1pl.ἤμεθα PPetr.2p.11
(iii B. C.), LXX Ba.1.19, 1 Ki.25.16, Ep.Eph.2.3; subj. (ii B. C.), ἦται GDI 1696, ἦνται prob. in IG5(1).1390.83 ([place name] Andania); [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. also ἔσκον, used by A.Pers. 656 (lyr.): [tense] fut. ἔσομαι, ἔσται, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Aeol. also ἔσσομαι, ἔσεται, ἔσσεται; [dialect] Aeol. [ per.] 2sg. ἔσσῃ prob. in Alc.67,87; [dialect] Dor. 2 and [ per.] 3sg. ἐσσῇ, ἐσσεῖται, Il.2.393, 13.317, Theoc.10.5, [ per.] 3pl. ἐσσοῦνται Foed. ap. Th.5.77 codd. (butἔσσονται Tab.Heracl.1.113
), inf.ἐσσεῖσθαι Sophr.57
.—All forms of the [tense] pres.ind. are enclitic (exc. [ per.] 2sg. εἶ and [ per.] 3pl. ἔασι); but [ per.] 3sg. is written ἔστι when it begins a sentence or verse, or when it immediately follows οὐκ, καί, εἰ, ὡς, ἀλλά, or τοῦτ', Hdn.Gr.1.553 (also μή acc. to EM301.3); later Gramm. wrote ἔστι as Subst. Verb, Phot., Eust.880.22.A as the Subst. Verb,I of persons, exist,οὐκ ἔσθ' οὗτος ἀνήρ, οὐδ' ἔσσεται Od.16.437
; ἔτ' εἰσί they are still in being, 15.433, cf. S.Ph. 445, etc.;τεθνηῶτος.. μηδ' ἔτ' ἐόντος Od.1.289
; οὐκέτ' ἐστί he is no more, E.Hipp. 1162; οὐδὲ δὴν ἦν he was not long- lived, Il.6.131; ὁ οὐκ ὤν, οἱ οὐκ ὄντες, of those who are no more, Th.2.45,44; οἱ ὄντες the living, Plb.9.29.2; ὁ ὤν the Eternal, LXX Ex.3.14, al., Ph.1.289;θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες Il.1.290
; ἐσσόμενοι posterity, 2.119;κἀγὼ γὰρ ἦ ποτ', ἀλλὰ νῦν οὐκ εἴμ' ἔτι E.Hec. 284
; ὡς ἂν εἶεν ἅνθρωποι might continue in being, Pl.Smp. 190c;ζώντων καὶ ὄντων Ἀθηναίων D.18.72
, cf. Arist.GC 318b25; of things, εἰ ἔστι ἀληθέως [ἡ τράπεζα] Hdt.3.17, etc.; of cities,ὄλωλεν, οὐδ' ἔτ' ἐστὶ Τροία E.Tr. 1292
, cf. Heracl. 491; δοκεῖ μοι Καρχηδόνα μὴ εἶναι censeo Carthaginem esse delendam, Plu.Cat.Ma.27; ἂν ᾖ τὸ στράτευμα be in existence, D.8.17; of money, to be in hand,τῶν ὄντων χρημάτων καὶ τῶν προσιόντων IG12.91.25
; τὰ ὄντα property, Pl.Grg. 511a, Plu.Ant.24, etc.; τὸ ἐσόμενον ἐκ .. future revenue from.., BCH46.420 (Olymos, i B. C.); of place, τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν the local church, Act.Ap.13.1; of time, τοῦ ὄντος μηνός in the current month, BGU146.4, etc.; in office,ἱερέων τῶν ὄντων PPar.5.4
(ii B. C.); αἱ οὖσαι [ἐξουσίαι] the powers that be, Ep. Rom.13.1.II of the real world, be, opp. become,γίγνεται πάντα ἃ δή φαμεν εἶναι Pl.Tht. 152d
, etc.; τὸ ὄν Being, Parm.8.35, Protag.2, Pl.Ti. 27d, etc.; opp. τὸ μὴ ὄν, Gorg.Fr.3 D., etc.;οὐδὲν γίνεται ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος Epicur.Ep. 1p.5U.
;ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων ἐποίησεν αὐτὰ ὁ θεός LXX 2 Ma.7.28
; τὰ ὄντα the world of things, Heraclit.7, Emp.129.5, etc.; ὄνindecl., τῶν ὂν εἰδῶν species of Being, Plot.6.2.10.2 of circumstances, events, etc., to happen,τά τ' ἐόντα, τά τ' ἐσσόμενα, πρό τ' ἐόντα Il.1.70
;ἡ ἐσβολὴ ἔμελλεν ἔσεσθαι Th.2.13
, etc.; τῆς προδοσίας οὔσης since treachery was there, Id.4.103; ἕως ἂν ὁ πόλεμος ᾖ so long as it last, Id.1.58;αἱ σπονδαὶ ἐνιαυτὸν ἔσονται Id.4.118
; τί ἐστιν; what is it? what's the matter? Ar.Th. 193; τί οὖν ἦν τοῦτο; how came it to pass? Pl.Phd. 58a: repeated with a relat. to avoid a positive assertion, ἔστι δ' ὅπῃ νῦν ἔ. things are as they are, i.e. are ill, A.Ag.67.III be the fact or the case, διπλασίαν ἂν τὴν δύναμιν εἰκάζεσθαι ἤ ἐστιν twice as large as it really is, Th.1.10; αὐτὸ ὅ ἐστι καλόν beauty in its essence, Pl.Smp. 211c, cf. Phd. 74b; freq. in part., τὸν ἐόντα λόγον λέγειν or φαίνειν the true story, Hdt.1.95, 116; τῷ ἐόντι χρήσασθαι tell the truth, ib. 30;τὰ ὄντα ἀπαγγέλλειν Th.7.8
; σκῆψιν οὐκ οὖσαν, λόγον οὐκ ὄντα, S.El. 584, Ar.Ra. 1052; τῷ ὄντι in reality, in fact, Pl.Prt. 328d, etc.; to apply a quotation to a case in point, τῷ ὄντι κλαυσίγελως real 'smiles through tears' (with allusion to Il.6.484), X.HG7.2.9, cf. Pl. La. 196d; κατὰ τὸ ἐόν according to the fact, rightly, Hdt.1.97; πᾶν τὸ ἐόν the whole truth, Id.9.11;τοῦ ἐόντος ἀποτεύξεται Hp.VM 2
.IV folld. by the relat., οὐκ ἔστιν ὅς or ὅστις no one,οὐκ ἔσθ' ὃς.. ἀπαλάλκοι Il.22.348
;οὐκ ἔ. οὐδεὶς ὅς E.El. 903
; οὐκ ἔ. ὅτῳ, = οὐδενί, A.Pr. 293 (anap.), cf. 989: freq. in pl., εἰσὶν οἵ, = Lat. sunt qui, used exactly like ἔνιοι, Th.6.88, 7.44, Pl.Men. 77d, Grg. 503a, etc. ( εἰσί τινες οἵ .. Th.3.24); ἐστὶν ἃ χωρία, πολίσματα, Id.1.12,65;ἐστὶν ἃ εἰπεῖν Id.2.67
;ἦσαν οἵ X.An.5.2.14
; the sg. Verb is used even with masc. and fem. pl., ἐστὶν οἵ, αἵ, Hp.Fract.1, VC4, X.Cyr.2.3.16; more freq. in oblique cases,ποταμῶν ἐστὶ ὧν Hdt.7.187
;ἐστὶν ἀφ' ὧν Th.8.65
; ἐστὶ παρ' οἷς, ἐστὶν ἐν οἷς, Id.1.23, 5.25: in questions ὅστις is used, ἔστιν ἥντινα δόξαν.. ἀπεκρίνατο; Pl.Men. 85b: with relat. Particles, ἐστὶν ἔνθα, = Lat. est ubi, X.Cyr.7.4.15, etc.; ἐ. ὅπῃ, ἔσθ' ὅπου, somehow, somewhere, Pl.Prt. 331d, A.Eu. 517, S.OT 448, etc.; in questions expecting a neg. answer, ἐ. ὁπόθεν, ὅπως; Pl.Phlb. 35a, R. 493e, etc.;οὐ γάρ ἐσθ' ὅπως Pi.Fr.61
, cf. Hdt.7.102, A.Ag. 620; οὐκ ἔ. ὅπως οὐ in any case, necessarily, Ar. Pax 188;οὐκ ἔ. ὡς Pl. Men. 76e
, etc.; ἐ. ὅτε, ἔσθ' ὅτε, sometimes, Pi.Fr.180.2, S.Aj.56, Th. 7.21, etc.V ἦν is sts. used with pl. masc. and fem., usu. at the beginning of a sentence, there was,τῆς δ' ἦν τρεῖς κεφαλαί Hes.Th. 321
; (but inἦν δ' ἐρῳδιοί τε πολλοί Epich.46
, cf. 59, al., it may be taken as [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3pl.); (lyr.); ἦν ἄρα κἀκεῖνοι ταλακάρδιοι Epigr. ap. Aeschin.3.184; less freq.ἔστι, ἔστι δὲ μεταξὺ.. ἑπτὰ στάδιοι Hdt.1.26
, cf. 7.34;ἔστι.. ἄρχοντές τε καὶ δῆμος Pl.R. 463a
; before dual Nouns, Ar.V.58, Pl.Grg. 500d.VI ἔστι impers., c. inf., it is possible,ἔστι γὰρ ἀμφοτέροισιν ὀνείδεα μυθήσασθαι Il.20.246
;ἔστι μὲν εὕδειν, ἔστι δὲ τερπομένοισιν ἀκούειν Od. 15.392
; εἴ τί πού ἐστι (sc. πιθέσθαι) 4.193;τοιάδε.. ἐστὶν ἀκοῦσαι A. Pr. 1055
(anap.);ἔστι τεκμήρια ὁρᾶν X.An.3.2.13
, cf. Ar.Ra. 1163, Aeschin.3.105, D.18.272, Arist.Ath.53.6, etc.; so in imper., opt., and subj.,ἔστω ἀποφέρεσθαι τῷ βουλομένῳ IG12.10.7
;μυρία ἂν εἴη λέγειν Pl.Plt. 271e
;ὅπως ἂν ᾖ δρᾶν IG2.1054.91
: more freq. in neg. clauses, Il.6.267, etc.; folld. by ὥστε c. inf., S.Ph. 656: c. acc. et inf.,ἁδόντα δ' εἴη με τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ὁμιλεῖν Pi.P.2.96
;ἔστιν ἐκπεσεῖν ἀρχῆς Δία A.Pr. 757
: sts. not impers. in this sense,θάλασσα δ' οὐκέτ' ἦν ἰδεῖν Id.Pers. 419
.b ἔστω in argument, let it be granted,ἔστω τοῦτο ἀληθὲς εἶναι D.H.Comp.25
;ἔστω σοι τοῦθ' οὕτως Plu.2.987b
; Chr.74.24.B most freq., to be, the Copula connecting the predicate with the Subject, both being in the same case: hence, signify, import,τὸ γὰρ εἴρειν λέγειν ἐστίν Pl.Cra. 398d
; esp. in the phrase τοῦτ' ἔστι, hoc est;Σκαιόλαν, ὅπερ ἐστὶ Λαϊόν Plu.Publ.17
: with numerals, τὰ δὶς πέντε δέκα ἐστίν twice five are ten, X.Mem.4.4.7; εἶναί τις or τι, to be somebody, something, be of some consequence, v. τις; οὐδὲν εἶναι Pl.R. 562d, etc.2 periphr. with the Participle to represent the finite Verb: with [tense] pf. part. once in Hom., τετληότες εἰμέν, for τετλήκαμεν, Il.5.873; so in Trag. and [dialect] Att., ἦν τεθνηκώς, for ἐτεθνήκει, A. Ag. 869; ἔσται δεδορκώς ib. 1179;εἰμὶ γεγώς S.Aj. 1299
;πεφυκός ἐστι Ar.Av. 1473
;δεδρακότες εἰσίν Th.3.68
;κατακεκονότες ἔσεσθε X.An.7.6.36
: with [tense] aor. part., once in Hom.,βλήμενος ἦν Il.4.211
; so προδείσας εἰμί, οὐ σιωπήσας ἔσει; S.OT90, 1146, cf. A.Supp. 460: with [tense] pres. part.,ἦν προκείμενον Id.Pers. 371
;φεύγων Ὀρέστης ἐστίν Id.Ch. 136
;εἴην οὐκ ἂν εὖ φρονῶν S.Aj. 1330
; τί δ' ἐστί.. φέρον; Id.OT 991, cf. 274, 708;λέγων ἐστίν τις E.Hec. 1179
;ἦν τίς σ' ὑβρίζων Id.HF 313
;πόρρω ἤδη εἶ πορευόμενος Pl.Ly. 204b
;βαδίζων εἰμί Ar.Ra. 36
; freq. in Hdt.,ἦσαν ἱέντες 1.57
, al.; evenεἰσὶ διάφοροι ἐόντες 3.49
(s.v.l.):— if the Art. is joined with the Part., the noun is made emphatic, Κᾶρές εἰσι οἱ καταδέξαντες the persons who showed her were Carians, Id.1.171;αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ μαρτυρῶν A.Eu. 798
;δόλος ἦν ὁ φράσας S.El. 197
(anap.).C εἶναι is freq. modified in sense by the addition of Advbs., or the cases of Nouns without or with Preps.:I εἶναι with Advbs., where the Adv. often merely represents a Noun and stands as the predicate,ἅλις δέ οἱ ἦσαν ἄρουραι Il.14.122
, etc.; ἀκέων, ἀκήν εἶναι, to be silent, 4.22, Od.2.82;σῖγα πᾶς ἔστω λεώς E.Hec. 532
;διαγνῶναι χαλεπῶς ἦν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον Il.7.424
; ἀσφαλέως ἡ κομιδὴ ἔσται will go on safely, Hdt.4.134; ἐγγύς, πόρρω εἶναι, Th.6.88, Pl.Prt. 356e: freq. impers. with words implying good or ill fortune, Κουρήτεσσι κακῶς ἦν it fared ill with them, Il.9.551;εὖ γὰρ ἔσται E.Med.89
, cf. Ar.Pl. 1188, etc.;ἡδέως ἂν αὐτοῖς εἴη D.59.30
.II c. gen., to express descent or extraction,πατρὸς δ' εἴμ' ἀγαθοῖο Il.21.109
;αἵματός εἰς ἀγαθοῖο Od. 4.611
, cf. Hdt.3.71, Th.2.71, etc.;πόλεως μεγίστης εἶ X.An.7.3.19
.b to express the material of which a thing is made, ἡ κρηπίς ἐστι λίθων μεγάλων consists of.., Hdt.1.93; τῆς πόλιος ἐούσης δύο φαρσέων ib. 186; τοιούτων ἔργων ἐστὶ ἡ τυραννίς is made up of.., Id.5.92.ή, etc.c to express the class to which a person or thing belongs, εἶ γὰρ τῶν φίλων you are one of them, Ar.Pl. 345;ἐτύγχανε βουλῆς ὤν Th.3.70
; ;Κριτίας τῶν τριάκοντα ὤν X.Mem.1.2.31
; ἔστι τῶν αἰσχρῶν it is in the class of disgraceful things, i. e. it is disgraceful, D.2.2.d to express that a thing belongs to another,Τροίαν Ἀχαιῶν οὖσαν A.Ag. 269
;τὸ πεδίον ἦν μέν κοτε Χορασμίων Hdt.3.117
, etc.: hence, to be of the party of,ἦσαν.. τινὲς μὲν φιλίππου, τινὲς δὲ τοῦ βελτίστου D.9.56
, cf. 37.53; to be de pendent upon, S.Ant. 737, etc.; to be at the mercy of,ἔστι τοῦ λέγοντος, ἢν φόβους λέγῃ Id.OT 917
.e to express one's duty, business, custom, nature, and the like , οὔτοι γυναικός ἐστι 'tis not a woman's part, A.Ag. 940;τὸ ἐπιτιμᾶν παντὸς εἶναι D.1.16
; τὸ δὲ ναυτικὸν τέχνης ἐστίν is matter of art, requires art, Th.1.142, cf.83.f in LXX, to be occupied about,ἦσαν τοῦ θύειν 2 Ch.30.17
; ἔσεσθαι, c. gen., to be about to,ἐσόμεθα τοῦ σῶσαί σε 2 Ki.10.11
.2 with two dats., σφίσι τε καὶ Ἀθηναίοισι εἶναι οὐδὲν πρῆγμα that they and the Athenians have nothing to do one with another, Hdt.5.84;μηδὲν εἶναι σοὶ καὶ φιλίππῳ πρᾶγμα D.18.283
; more shortly, σοί τε καὶ τούτοισι πρήγμασι τί ἐστι; Hdt.5.33; τί τῷ νόμῳ καὶ τῇ βασάνῳ; D.29.36; τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί; Lat. quid tecum est mihi? Ev.Marc.5.7, etc.; also ἐμοὶ οὐδὲν πρὸς τοὺς τοιούτους (sc. ἐστίν) Isoc.4.12; ; ἔσται αὐτῳ πρὸς τὸν θεόν, in tomb inscriptions, JHS18.113, etc.3 with ἄσμενος, βουλόμενος, etc., added, ἐμοὶ δέ κεν ἀσμένῳ εἴη 'twould be to my delight, Il.14.108;οὐκ ἂν σφίσι βουλομένοις εἶναι Th.7.35
;προσδεχομένῳ Id.6.46
; (lyr.); .IV with Preps., εἶναι ἀπό τινος, = εἶναί τινος (supr. 11.a), X.Mem.1.6.9;εἰσὶν ἀπ' ἐναντίων αὗται πραγμάτων Pl.Phlb. 12d
; but εἶναι ἀπ' οἴκου to be away from.., Th.1.99.2 εἶναι ἔκ τινος to be sprung from, εἴμ' ἐκ Παιονίης, Μυρμιδόνων ἔξ εἰμι, Il.21.154, 24.397, etc.; ἔστιν ἐξ ἀνάγκης it is of necessity, i. e. necessary, Pl.Sph. 256d.3 εἶναι ἐν .. to be in a certain state,ἐν εὐπαθείῃσι Hdt.1.22
; ἐν ἀθυμία, etc., Th.6.46, etc.;ἐν ταραχαῖς D.18.218
; εἶναι ἐν ἀξιώματι to be in esteem, Th.1.130; οἱ ἐν τέλεϊ ἐόντες those in office, Hdt.3.18, etc.; but εἶναι ἐν τέχνῃ, ἐν φιλοσοφία to be engaged in.., S.OT 562, Pl.Phd. 59a.b ἐν σοί ἐστι it depends on thee, Hdt.6.109, S.Ph. 963;ἐν σοὶ γάρ ἐσμεν Id.OT 314
; so also , X.Cyr.1.6.2, etc.4 εἶναι διά .., much like εἶναι ἐν .., εἶναι διὰ φόβου, = φοβεῖσθαι, Th.6.34; εἶναι δι' ὄχλου, = ὀχληρὸν εἶναι, Id.1.73;εἶναι διὰ μόχθων X.Cyr.1.6.25
; εἶναι δι' αἰτίας, = αἰτιᾶσθαι, D.H.1.70; Geom., pass through,διὰ τᾶς ἑτέρας διαμέτρου ἐόντος τοῦ ἐπιπέδου Archim.Con.Sph.20
.5 εἶναι ἐφ' ἑαυτῆς to be by oneself, D.25.23; εἶναι ἐπὶ ὀνόματος to bear a name, Id.39.21; εἶναι ἐπὶ τοῖς πράγμασιν to be engaged in.., Id.2.12; εἶναι ἐπί τινα to be against him, Id.6.33; εἶναι ἐφ' ἑξήκοντα στάδια to reach sixty stadia, X.An.4.6.11; εἶναι ἐπὶ τὰς ἁφάς pass through the points of contact, Apollon. Perg.Con.4.1; εἶναι ἐπί τινι, v. supr. 3 b.6 εἶναι πρός τινος to be in one's favour, Th.4.10,29, etc.; to suit, X.An. 1.2.11, etc.; εἶναι πρός τινι engaged in, Pl.Phd. 84c, Philostr.VA5.31; πρὸς τοῖς ἰδίοις mind one's own affairs, Arist.Pol. 1309a6, Ath.16.3;εἶναι πρὸς τὸ κωλύειν Plb.1.26.3
; πρὸς τὸ πονεῖν Telesp.46 H.;εἶναι περί τι X.An.3.5.7
, etc.7 εἶναι παρά τινι or τινα, = παρειναι, Id.Cyr.6.2.15, Hdt.8.140.ά (s.v.l.).8 εἶναι ὑπό τινα or τινι to be subject to.., X.HG5.2.17 (s.v.l.), 6.2.4.9 περὶ τούτων ἐστίν that is the question, Men.Epit.30.10 εἶναι ἀπό .., in Geom., to be constructed upon, Archim.Sph.Cyl.2.9, Con.Sph.7.D ἐστί is very freq. omitted, mostly in the [tense] pres. ind. before certain predicates, as ἀνάγκη, ἄξιον, δυνατόν, εἰκός, ἕτοιμον, οἷόν τε, ῥᾴδιον, χρεών, etc., and after the neut. of Verbals in - τέος, and such forms as θαυμαστὸν ὅσον: less freq. with other persons and moods, εἰμί omitted, S.OT92, Aj. 813; εἶ, Od.4.206; ἐσμέν, S.Ant. 634; ἐστέ, Od.10.463; εἰσί, S.OT 499 (lyr.), IG2.778 B; subj. ᾖ, Il.14.376, E.Hipp. 659, Antipho 5.32; opt. εἴη, IG22.1183.12; [tense] impf. ἦν, ib.2.778 B; [tense] fut. ἔσονται, Od.14.394.E the Inf. freq. seems redundant,1 in phrases implying power or will to do a thing, ἑκὼν εἶναι (v. ἑκών)κατὰ δύναμιν εἶναι Is.2.32
;εἰς δύναμιν εἶναι Pl.Plt. 300c
; τὸ ἐπ' ἐκείνοις εἶναι, quantum in illis esset, Th.8.48, X.HG3.5.9, cf. Lys.13.58;τὸ ἐπὶ σφᾶς εἶναι Th.4.28
;τὸ κατὰ τοῦτον εἶναι X.An.1.6.9
;κατὰ τοῦτο εἶναι Pl.Prt. 317a
; τὸ τήμερον, τὸ νῦν εἶναι, Id.Cra. 396e, La. 201c, Theopomp. Com.98, Decr. ap. Arist.Ath.31.2, etc.2 after Verbs of naming or choosing, ;σύμμαχόν μιν εἵλοντο εἶναι Hdt.8.134
; of giving,δῶκε ξεινήϊον εἶναι Il. 11.20
.F [tense] impf. ἦνissts. used where other languages take the [tense] pres.,1 after ἄρα, to express a fact which is and has always been the same, δέρμα δὲ ἀνθρώπου.. ἦν ἄρα σχεδὸν δερμάτων πάντων λαμπρότατον human skin then it appears is.., Hdt.4.64;Κύπρις οὐκ ἄρ' ἦν θεός E. Hipp. 359
; ὡς ἄρ' ἦσθ' ἐμὸς πατὴρ ὀρθῶς ib. 1169;ἦ πολύμοχθον ἄρ' ἦν γένος.. ἁμερίων Id.IA 1330
;ἦ στωμύλος ἦσθα Theoc.5.79
; so also when there is reference to a past thought, τουτὶ τί ἦν; what is this? Ar.Ach. 157, cf. Pl.Cra. 387c: so in the Aristotelian formula τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι (APo.82b38, al.), used to express the essential nature of a thing, where τί ἦν (for ἐστί) takes the place of the dat. in such phrases as τὸ ἀγαθῷ εἶναι, τὸ μεγέθει εἶναι, APr.67b12, de An.429b10.G ἐγώ εἰμι, in LXX, pleonastic forἐγώ, ἐγώ εἰμι οὐχ ἥμαρτον Jd. 11.27
, cf. 6.18; alsoἔσται πᾶς ἀποκτενεῖ με Ge.4.14
. -
3 σύ
σύ [pron. full] [ῠ],A thou: Pron. of the second pers.:—[dialect] Ep. nom. [full] τύνη [pron. full] [ῡ] Il.5.485, al. ([dialect] Lacon. [full] τούνη Hsch.); [dialect] Aeol. [full] σύ Sapph.Supp.16.6, 21.9; [dialect] Dor. [full] τύ [pron. full] [ῠ] Pi.O.1.85, Epich.34, al., Theoc.3.33, etc.; [dialect] Boeot. [full] τού [short syll.] Corinn.Supp.2.83, A.D.Pron.55.6 (also [full] τούν ib. 50.27, 55.6): Nom. [full] σύ, Od.18.31, A.Ag. 1035, Ar.Nu.29, etc.; voc., Od.21.193, Ar.Ach. 165, Pl. 1069.—Gen. [full] σοῦ, h.Hom.29.4, elsewh. only [dialect] Att., Ar.Ach. 302, etc.; enclit. σου, S.Ph. 761, OT 538, etc.; never in Hom., who uses σεῦ, ll.3.206, al., σέο ib. 446, al. (also in Lyr., Archil.(?)inPLit.Lond.54, B.3.65),σεῖο Il.3.137
, al.; alsoσέθεν 1.180
, al. (which also occurs in Lyr., Sapph.33, B.10.9, and Trag., A.Th. 264, al.), and as enclit. σευ, Il.5.811, al., σεο 1.396: Hdt. has onlyσέο 1.124
, σεο (enclit.) ib.9, σεῦ ibid., 3.42,85, 7.38, σευ (enclit.) 3.36, 134, 7.49:—[dialect] Dor. τεῦ, τευ, Theoc.5.19, 10.36, etc.; rarely τέο, Alcm.17; lengthd.τεοῦ Epich.145
, Sophr.84, andτεοῖο Il.8.37
, 468; [dialect] Boeot.τεῦς Corinn.24
; [dialect] Dor.τεοῦς Sophr.59
; alsoτιοῦς A.D. Pron.74.27
;τεῦς Theoc.2.126
; τοι v.l. in Id.7.25; enclit. τεος Sophr.83; Cret.τέορ Hsch.
; other [dialect] Dor. forms are τίω, τίως, both Rhinth.13,τίος A.D.Pron.75.24
.—Dat. [full] σοί, Il.1.158, 167, Archil.88, Mimn.8, Sapph.7,99, A.Pr.3, Hdt.3.42, 6.86.ά, 7.52, etc.; [dialect] Dor.τοί Alcm.86
(oxyt.); [dialect] Dor., Lesb., and [dialect] Ion. enclit. τοι Alem.33, Sapph. Frr.2.2,8, Archil.79, Hippon.20, Anacr.44, 75.3, Pi.N.3.76, B.10.104, Hdt.1.115, 3.35,63,85; in Hom., Lesbian Lyr., and [dialect] Ion. Lyr. and Prose τοι is always enclit., σοί never enclit. ( τοί and σοι are not found exc. σοι Od.3.359, 11.381, ς ([etym.] οι) Il.1.170, and in codd. of Pi.P. 4.270, 9.55; rarer than τοι in Hdt., 3.69, al.); in [dialect] Att. both σοί and σοι (enclit.) are used (, etc., σοι ib.87, etc.), τοί and τοι are not used; σοι is never elided exc. in Il.1.170, τοι is elided in Od. 1.60, 347, Alc.55, Id.Oxy. 1788 Fr.15 ii 9, Sapph.28.2; [dialect] Ep. and Lyr. also [full] τεΐν, Il.11.201, Od.4.619, Epigr. ap. Hdt.5.60,61, Ar.Av. 930; also [full] τίν [pron. full] [ῐ], Alcm.16, Pi.P.1.29, 8.68 (dub. l.); [full] τίν [pron. full] [ῑ], Id.I.6(5).4, Theoc.2.20 ( τίν before a consonant, Pi.O.10(11).93); alsoτεΐ Alcm.53
;τίνη Rhinth.13
.—Acc. [full] σέ, Il.6.256, al.; enclit. σε, 1.26, Sapph.1.2, Supp.23.9, Hdt.3.42, etc.; in late Gr. σέν, Anatolian Studies p.76; [dialect] Dor.τέ Alcm.52
, Pi.O.1.48, Theoc.1.5, Call.Fr. 114; τ' v.l. (cod. R) in Ar.Ach. 779 (on the accent v. A.D.Pron.54.14, 83.4); τρέ (leg. τϝέ) Hsch.; or (enclit.) τυ IG42(1).121.69 (Epid., iv B.C.), Ar.Eq. 1225, Ach. 730 (dub. in Ach. 779), Theoc.1.56,78, etc.:—alsoτίν Corinn.4
, Cerc.7.6, Theoc.11.39,55,68.2 in combination with γε, [full] σύ γε, [full] σέ γε, etc. (cf. ἔγωγε), thou at least, for thy part, freq. in Hom. and [dialect] Att.; [dialect] Dor. , Timocr.1 (v.l. τύ γα); τύγᾰ Theoc.5.69
,71; [dialect] Boeot. [full] τούγα A.D.Pron.55.6: dat. [full] σοί γε Il.1.557: acc. [full] σέ γε 10.96, etc.:—also [full] σύ περ 24.398.3 σύ c. inf. (as imper.), Hdt.3.134, 4.163.II Dual nom. and acc. [full] σφῶϊ, Il.1.336, 4.286, al., you two, both of you; [full] σφώ (not σφῴ, cf. A.D. Pron.85.17), Il.1.574, 11.782, 13.47, S.OC 344, 1543, etc.—Gen. and Dat. [full] σφῶϊν, Il.4.341, al.; [var] contr. σφῷν once in Hom., Od.4.62, and always in [dialect] Att. (Hdn.Gr.1.475) and Trag., e.g. A.Pr. 12, S.OC 342, OT 1495, Pl.Lg. 892e (codd. Pl. have σφῶϊν in Tht. 193c, al., , al.). None of these forms are enclit., A.D.Pron.38.9, 85.12; cod. A of Pl.Lg. 658c, 673e, 689a wrongly makes σφῳν enclit.; Ζεὺς σφὼ is prescribed in Il. 15.146 by Hdn.Gr.2.93.— σφῶϊ is never dat.; in Il.4.286 it is the acc. depending on κελεύω; σφῶϊν is never acc.; in Od.23.52 it is dat. commodi.III Plur. nom. [full] ὑμεῖς, Il.2.75, al. (before a vowel, 4.246, 7.194, al.), Pherecyd.Syr. 11, Democr.29a, Hdt.3.72, etc., ye, you; [dialect] Aeol. and [dialect] Ep.ὔμμες Il.1.274
, al., Sapph.24, 25; [dialect] Dor.ὑμές Sophr.60
, Ar.Ach. 760, 761, 862; (Crete, ii B.C.), GDI5155.6 (ibid., ii B.C.); [dialect] Boeot.οὐμές Corinn.6
; a resolved form ὑμέες, Parth.Fr.14, is a poeticlicence (so A.D.Pron.93.3 ) rather than genuine Ionic (v.l. in Hdt.8.22).— Gen. [full] ὑμῶν, Ar.Ach. 143, etc.; ὑμέων (disyll.) Il.7.159, Od.13.7, al., Archil.74.6 ( ὑμῶν codd.), Sol.11.5 (v.l. ὑμῶν) ; ὑμέων also Hdt.3.73, 6.130, al.; as trisyll., Herod.2.27;ὑμείων Il.4.348
, 7.195, al.; [dialect] Dor.ὑμέων Sophr.46
; also ὑμῶν, A.D.Pron.95.23; [dialect] Aeol.ὑμμέων Alc. 96
; [dialect] Boeot.οὐμίων Corinn.22
.—Dat. [full] ὑμῖν, Od.2.46, Hdt.1.126, etc.; [dialect] Ion. enclit.ὗμῐν A.D.Pron.97.28
, also [dialect] Dor., Sophr.91; [dialect] Dor. (not enclit.) ὑμίν [ῐ] Id.92; ὑμίν [ῐ] also in S.Aj. 864, 1242, OT 991, 1402, Ant. 308, El. 804, al. (but ὗμιν shd. perh. be restd. where the sense needs an enclitic on the principle stated by A.D.Pron.35.6, 36.5, Synt.130.23); ὕμιν (as enclit.) is prescribed by Hdn.Gr. (2.124 ) in Il.24.33, by EM432.34 in Od.1.376, 2.141, etc.:—[dialect] Aeol. and [dialect] Ep. ὔμμῐ, ὔμμῐν, Od. 2.316, 11.336, al., Hes.Sc. 328, Sapph.14, Alc.Supp. 26.9, Pi.O. 11(10).17.—Acc. [full] ὑμᾶς, Ar.Ach. 325, etc. (-υ Orph.A. 820
, v.l. in S.Ph. 222; ὗμας or (more prob.) ὕμας is required by the metre in Babr.9.9, 47.11); [dialect] Ion. ὑμέας (disyll.) Od.21.198, al.; enclit. ὕμεας (disyll.) Herod.2.60 (Pap.); ὑμέας also Hdt.1.126, al.; [dialect] Aeol. and [dialect] Ep.ὔμμε Il.23.412
, al., Pi.I.6(5).19; also in A.Eu. 620 (trim.), and S.Ant. 846(lyr.); [dialect] Dor.ὑμέ Alcm.3
, Sophr.52, Ar.Ach. 737, Lys. 1076, SIG528.3 (Cretan dial., iii B.C.), 622 B 8 (Cretan, ii B.C.).—The pl. is sts. used in addressing one person, when others are included in the speaker's thought, as Od. 12.81, Archil.89. (With σύ cf. Lat. tu, Goth. pu; with τοι Skt. gen. and dat. te; the origin of σφῶϊ is doubtful; with ὑμεῖς cf. Skt. acc. pl. yusmān.) -
4 ἐγώ
ἐγώ, I: Pron. of the first person:—[dialect] Ep. mostly [full] ἐγών before vowels (so in [dialect] Dor., before consonants, Epich.85, Sophr.81, Ar.Ach. 748, 754), rarely in Trag., A.Pers. 932 (lyr.); [dialect] Boeot. [full] ἱών A.D.Pron.51.4:— strengthd. [full] ἔγωγε,A I at least, for my part, indeed, for myself (more freq. in [dialect] Att. than in Hom.): [dialect] Dor. [full] ἐγώνγα Alcm.51, Ar.Ach. 736, Lys. 986, dat.ἐμίνγα IG22.1126.7
(Amphict. Delph.): [dialect] Boeot. [full] ἱώνγα Corinn.21; [full] ἱώνει Ead.10; [full] ἰώγα Ar.Ach. 898: [dialect] Lacon. and [dialect] Tarent. [full] ἐγώνη, Hsch., A.D.Conj.255.29.II oblique cases from a difft. root, gen. ἐμοῦ, enclit. μου; [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. ἐμέο, ἐμεῦ, μευ, alsoἐμέθεν Il.1.525
, E.Hel. 177 (lyr.); [dialect] Aeol.ἔμεθεν Sapph.Supp.23.7
;ἐμεῖο IG3.1337
;μεθέν Sophr.20
; [dialect] Dor. ἐμέος, ἐμεῦς, Epich.144; [dialect] Boeot.ἐμοῦς Corinn.37
; alsoἐμῶς, ἐμίο, ἐμίω, ἐμίως A.D.Pron.74.17
:—dat. ἐμοί, enclit. μοι (which may be compared with Skt. gen. me inκλῦθί μοι Il.5.115
, al.); (Cypr.); [dialect] Dor.ἐμίν Epich.99
, AJA29.461 (Rhodian, v B. C.), Ar.Ach. 733, Theoc.4.30; [dialect] Tarent.ἐμίνη Rhinth.13
: acc. ἐμέ, enclit. με; Cypr. μι Inscr.Cypr.59,60 H.III dual, nom. and acc., [full] νῶι, we two, Il.5.34, etc.; acc. νῶιν Zenod.ad Il.8.377; [dialect] Att.νώ Pl.Phdr. 278b
(also Il.5.219, Od.15.475);νῶε Antim.39
, Corinn. 5: gen., dat.νῶιν; νῷν S.Ant.3
; νῶι dat., Orph.L. 773; νῶιν, = ἡμῖν, Q.S.1.213, etc.IV pl., nom. ἡμεῖς ( ἡμέες f.l. in Hdt.2.6, al., rejected by A.D.Pron.93.1); [dialect] Aeol.ἄμμες Od.9.303
, Alc.18.3, Pi.P. 4.144; [dialect] Dor.ἁμές Alcm.65
, Epich.42, Ar.Lys. 168:—gen. ἡμῶν (alsoἥμων A.D.Synt.130.23
); [dialect] Ion.ἡμέων Hdt.1.112
, etc.;ἡμείων Od.24.170
, Herod.1.46; [dialect] Aeol.ἀμμέων Alc.88
, Milet.3 No.152.29; ἄμμων ib.74, A.D.Pron.95.3; [dialect] Dor.ἁμέων Alcm.66
; ἁμῶν [Epich.] 266, Ar. Lys. 168, Theoc.2.158; Cret., [dialect] Boeot. , A.D.Pron.95.21:—dat. ἡμῖν, in S. also ἡμίν ([etym.] ῐ ) (or ἧμιν Aristarch.ad Il.1.214, A.D. Pron.95.3); also rarely in Com., Phryn.Com.37, Ar.Av. 386 (dub.); [dialect] Aeol. ἄμμῐν, ἄμμῐ, Il.1.384, Alc.80, al., Pi.P.4.155, A.Th. 156 (lyr.), Milet.3 No.152;ἄμμεσιν Alc.100
; [dialect] Dor. also ἁμίν or ἇμιν, Alcm.77,78, A.Eu. 347 (lyr.), Ar.Lys. 1081; with [pron. full] ῑ, Id.Ach. 821, Theoc.7.145:—acc. ἡμᾶς (alsoἧμᾰς Od.16.372
); [dialect] Ion.ἡμέας Il.8.211
, SIG273.25 (Milet., iv B. C.);ἥμεας Od.4.294
(cf. Hdn.Gr.2.140); [dialect] Aeol.ἄμμε Il.1.59
, Sapph.115, Theocr.8.25; [dialect] Dor. (Abu Simbel, vi B. C.), Epich.173, Ar.Ach. 759 codd., Lys.95.—On these dialectic varieties, v. A.D.Pron.50 sqq. (Cf. Skt. ahám ([etym.] ἐγών), acc. pl. asmā´n; for νώ cf. Skt. nau):—freq. in answers, as an affirmative, esp. in form ἔγωγε, S.Tr. 1248, Pl.Tht. 149b, etc.; οὗτος ἐ. here am I, Pi.O. 4.26;ὅδ' ἐκεῖνος ἐ. S.OC 138
(lyr.); rarely with Art., τὸν ἐμέ myself, Pl.Tht. 166a, Sph. 239b (but ὁ ἐ. the Self, the Ego, Dam.Pr. 444); τίς ὢν οὗτος ὁ ἐγὼ τυγχάνω; Plu.2.1119a;τί ἐστι φίλος; ἄλλος ἐ. Pythag.
ap.Herm.in Phdr.p.166 A.; τί τοῦτ' ἐμοί; ἡμῖν τί τοῦτ' ἔστ'; Lat. quid mea hoc refert ? Ar.Th. 498, etc.; ἐγώ; in a question, Ar.Eq. 1336, al.; ἡμεῖς the self,ἔνθα δὴ ἡμεῖς μάλιστα Plot.1.1.7
. -
5 μιμνήσκω
μιμνήσκω (not [suff] μιμν-ήσκω, v. infr.), [tense] fut. μνήσω: [tense] aor. ἔμνησα: causal Verb, formed in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. from μέμνημαι as πιπράσκω from πέπραμαι:—A remind, put in mind,μνήσει δέ σε καὶ θεὸς αὐτός Od.12.38
; τινος of a thing,ἐπεί μ' ἔμνησας ὀϊζύος 3.103
;τῶν σ' αὖτις μνήσω Il.15.31
, cf. 1.407;μηδέ με τούτων μίμνησκ' Od.14.169
, cf. Thgn.1123, Theoc.15.36.II ἔμνασεν ἑστίαν πατρῴαν.. νικῶν recalled it to memory, made it famous, Pi.P.11.13.—[voice] Act. is mostly [dialect] Ep., used once in Trag. (lyr.), E.Alc. 878: compds. with ἀνα- or ὑπο- were preferred in Prose.B [voice] Med. and [voice] Pass. [full] μιμνήσκομαι, imper. - ήσκεο Il.22.268: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.μιμνήσκοντο 13.722
(the [tense] pres. only in later Prose, Pl.Ax. 368a, D.H.1.13, Plu.2.653b; μέμνημαι serving as [tense] pres. in early writers): other tenses are formed from the stem μνη- (v. μνάομαι): [tense] fut.μνήσομαι Od.7.192
, Sapph.32;μνησθήσομαι Hdt.6.19
, E.Med. 933, etc.; alsoμεμνήσομαι Il.22.390
, Od.19.581, Hdt.8.62, E.Hipp. 1461, Pl.Phlb. 31b, etc.: [tense] aor. ἐμνησάμην, inf.μνήσασθαι Od.4.331
, Tyrt.12.1, Hdt. 7.39; rare in Trag., as S.OT 564; [dialect] Ep.μνησάσκετο Il.11.566
; Trag. also ἐμνήσθην (used by Hom. only in Od.4.118), S.El. 373, etc.; [dialect] Aeol.ἐμνάσθην Sapph.Supp.4.11
: [tense] pf. μέμνημαι, [dialect] Aeol.μέμναιμαι Alc. Supp.28.6
, in [dialect] Att. always in [tense] pres. sense, as also freq. in Hom.; [ per.] 2sg.μέμνηαι Il.21.442
,μέμνῃ 15.18
; imper. μέμνησο, [dialect] Dor.μέμνᾱσο Epich. 250
, etc., [dialect] Ion.μέμνεο Hdt.5.105
; subj.μέμνωμαι -ώμεθα Od.14.168
, S.OT49; [dialect] Ion. - εώμεθα Archil.(?) in PLit.Lond.54.4; opt.μεμνῄμην Il.24.745
, - (μεμνῇο, -ῇτο shd. prob. be read for -ῷο or - οῖο, -ῷτο in X.An.1.7.5, Cyr.1.6.3, and μεμνοῖτο is dub. in Crates Com.50); [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg.μεμνέῳτο Il.23.361
; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3pl.μεμναίατο Pi. Fr.94
; inf. μεμνῆσθαι; [dialect] Aeol. imper.μέμναισο Sapph.Supp.23.8
; part. μεμνημένος: [tense] plpf.ἐμεμνήμην Isoc. 12.35
; [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl.ἐμεμνέατο Hdt.2.104
:— remind oneself of a thing, call to mind:—Constr.: sts. c. acc., remember,Τυδέα δ' οὐ μέμνημαι Il.6.222
, cf. 9.527, Od.14.168, S.OT 1057, Pl.Lg. 633d, D.44.7; esp. with relat. clause following,μ. τὸν στόλον ὡς ἔπρηξε Hdt.7.18
; ;μ. τὸν Εὐφραῖον, οἷ' ἔπαθεν D.9.61
; also μέμνησο ἐκεῖνο, ὅτι .. X.Cyr.2.4.25; μεμνώμεθα ταῦτα περὶ ἀμφοῖν, ὅτι .. Pl. Phlb. 31a: more freq. c. gen.,φίλου μεμνήσομ' ἑταίρου Il.22.390
;τοῦ ποτε μεμνήσεσθαι ὀΐομαι Od.19.581
;οὐδὲ παῖδος οὐδὲ φίλων τοκήων οὐδὲν ἐμνάσθη Sapph.Supp.
l. c., cf. Hdt.8.62, E.Hipp. 1461, etc.; alsoμεμνημένος ἀμφ' Ὀδυσῆϊ Od.4.151
;ἀμφὶ Διώνυσον.. μνήσομαι h.Hom. 7.2
;περὶ πομπῆς μνησόμεθα Od.7.192
:—[voice] Pass., to be remembered (not in early Prose),τὰ παραπτώματα οὐ μνησθήσεται LXX Ez.18.22
;αἱ ἐλεημοσύναι σου ἐμνήσθησαν Act.Ap.10.31
, cf. Apoc.16.19.2 c. inf.,μέμνηντο γὰρ αἰεὶ ἀλλήλοις.. ἀλεξέμεναι Il.17.364
;μέμνησο δ' εἴκειν A.Supp. 202
;μέμνησο δάκνειν, διαβάλλειν Ar.Eq. 495
;μεμνήσθω ἀγαθὸς ἀνὴρ εἶναι X.An.3.2.39
;μέμνησθέ μοι μὴ θορυβεῖν Pl.Ap. 27b
.3 after Hom., c. part., θνατὰ μεμνάσθω περιστέλλων μέλη let him remember that he clothes, Pi.N.11.15; μέμνημαι κλύων I remember hearing, A.Ag. 830;μεμνήμεθα ἐλθόντες E.Hec. 244
;μ. ἀκούσας X.Cyr.1.6.3
, etc.: folld. by a relat.,μέμνησ', ὅπως εὖ μοι στομώσεις αὐτόν Ar.Nu. 1107
.4 abs.,ἀφ' οὗ Ἕλληνες μέμνηνται Th.2.8
, cf. 5.66: [tense] pf. part. μεμνημένος in commands, ὧδέ τις.. μεμνημένος ἀνδρὶ μαχέσθω let him fight with good heed, let him remember to fight, Il.19.153, cf. 5.263, Hes.Op. 422, etc.II make mention of, c. gen.,τῶν νῦν μοι μνῆσαι Od.4.331
; Μοῦσαι, μνησαίαθ' ὅσοι ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθον (i. e. τῶν, ὅσοι) Il.2.492; alsoμνήσασθαι περί τινος Hdt.7.39
: freq. in [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. μνησθῆναι, Od.4.118, S.Ph. 310;μνησθῆναι περί τινος Hdt. 1.36
, cf. 9.45;περί τινος ἔς τινα Th.8.47
, cf. 1.10, 37, etc.;μνησθεὶς ὑπὲρ τῆς εἰρήνης D.18.21
;μ. τινὸς πρός τινα Lys.1.19
: later c. dat. pers., recall to one's memory, remind, ἐμνήσθην σοι καὶ παρόντι περί .. PLille12.1 (iii B. C.), cf. PCair.Zen.122.7, al. (iii B. C.): rarely c. acc.,ταῦτα καὶ μακάρων ἐμέμναντ' ἀγοραί Pi.I.8(7).29
: abs., μευ μεμναμένω εἰ φιλέεις με mentioning your name to see if.., Theoc.3.28.III give heed to,πατρὸς καὶ μητέρος Od.18.267
; μ. βρώμης give heed to food, 10.177; ὡς μεμνέῳτο δρόμου (v.l. δρόμους ) that he might give heed to the running, Il.23.361; μ. χάρμης, δαιτός, σίτου, 4.222, Od.20.246, Il.24.129;μεμνᾶσθαι πολέμου τε καὶ μάχας B.17.58
;ἀοιδᾶς Pi.Fr.94
. ([dialect] Aeol. [full] μιμναίσκω (not μιμνᾴσκω) Hdn.Gr.2.79, 178; but [dialect] Ep., [dialect] Ion., [dialect] Att. [full] μιμνήσκω without ι, PCair.Zen. 15v.35 (iii B. C., ὑπο-), Inscr.Magn.16.27 (early ii B. C., [ ἀνα-]), SIG 704E18 (Delph., late ii B. C., ὑπο-), Did.in An.Ox.1.196; cogn. with Lat. memini, etc.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μιμνήσκω
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6 κράτος
Grammatical information: n.Compounds: Often as 1. member, e. g. ἀ-κρατής `without strength, power (over others or over oneself)'; oppos. ἐγ-κρατής `having power over, controlling (oneself)' with ἐγκράτεια, - έω etc.; αὑτο-κρατής `having power over oneself, independent'; more usual αὑτο-κράτωρ `with unlimited power' (Ar., Th.); details in Debrunner FS Tɨèche (Bern 1947) 11f.; also - κρέτης in Aeol. and Arc. Cypr. PN, e. g. Σω-κρέτης.Derivatives: Beside κράτος, κρέτος there are several adjectives: 1. κρατύς `strong, powerful' (Hom.; only κρατὺς Άργεϊφόντης, verse-end) with κρατύνω, ep. also καρτ- `strengthen, conso;idate, rule' (Il.) with κρατυσμός `strenghtening', κρατυντήριος `id.', - τικός `id.' (medic.), κρατύντωρ `controller' ( PMag. Leid.). - 2. κρατερός (Il., A. Pr. 168, anap.), καρτερός (Il.) `id.' (IA.); also as 1. member, e.g. κρατερό-φρων (Il.). καρτερέω, also with prefix, e.g. δια-, `be steadfast, hold out, overcome onseself' (IA.) with καρτερία (Pl., X.), - ρησις (Pl.) `holding on, firmness', - ρικός (Att.); καρτερόω `strengthen' (Aq., Herm.). - 3. κραταιός `id.' (Il.), also as plant-name (Ps.-Dsc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 82); rarely as 1. member, e.g. κραταιό-φρων ( PMag.). With κραταιότης = κράτος (LXX), κραταιόω `strengthen' (LXX, NT) with κραταίωμα, - ωσις (LXX). Fem. κραταιίς (Od.; Schwyzer 385). - 4. Primary comparison: comp. κρείττων, (Atticising) κρείσσων with sec. - ει- for κρέσσων (Ion., Pi.); Dor. κάρρων, Cret. κάρτων; denomin. κρειττόομαι `have excrescences', with κρείττωσις (Thphr.). sup. κράτιστος, ep. κάρτ-, (Il.), with - τεύω `be the best, surpass' (Pi., Att.); -( ε)ία as title, `highness' (pap.). -- 5. Adv. κάρτα `in a high degree, very' (Ion. and trag.). - 6. As 1. member often κραται- ( καρται-), e.g. κραται-γύαλος `with strong breast-pieces' (T 361). Further Κρατι-, Καρτι- in PN, e.g. Κρατί-δημος, Καρτί-νικος; also Κρατ(ο)-, Κρατε- a. o. (Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 256). Hypocoristic short-names Κρατῖνος (Schwyzer 491, Chantraine Formation 205), Κρατύλος, Κράτυλλος (Leumann Glotta 32, 217 a. 225 A. 1), Κρατιεύς (Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 126). On Κρεσφόντης s. v. - 7. Verb: κρατέω (Il.), Aeol. κρετέω, aor. κρατῆσαι (posthom.), κρέτησαι (Sapph.), often with prefix, e.g. ἐπι-, κατα-, περι-, `controll, possess, rule, conquer'; with ( ἐπι- etc.) κράτησις `power, rule' (Th., LXX), ( δια-, ἐπι-) κρατητικός `controlling' (late), ( δια-)κράτημα `support, grip' (medic.); κρατητής `possessor' (Procl.); κρατῆρας τοὺς κρατοῦντας H. for κρατητῆρας (Lewy KZ 59, 182). But ἐγκρατέω from ἐγ-κρατής, ναυ-κρατέω, - τία from ναυ-κρατής etc.; s. above. καρταίνειν κρατεῖν H. -- 8. On κρατευταί s. v.Etymology: With the full grade in Aeol. κρέτος interchanges regularly the zero grade in κρατύς, κάρτα (on ρα: αρ Schwyzer 342). Through analogy arose both κράτος, κάρτος and the compp. κάρρων \< *κάρσ(σ)ων \< *κάρτι̯ων and κάρτων beside the old fullgrade κρέσσων \< *κρέτι̯ων; details in Seiler Steigerungsformen 53 ff. A zero grade of the σ-stem in κρέτος is supposed in Κρεσ-φόντης ( \< *Κρετσ-; Kretschmer Glotta 24, 237, Heubeck Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 5, 26). - The relation of the forms is not always clear. The adjective κρατερός, καρτερός may conrain a alternating ρ-stem (Benveniste Origines 17, Leumann Hom. Wörter 115), if it is not an analogical innovation to κράτος, κρατέω (e.g. Schwyzer 482). The form Κρατι-, Καρτι-, which appears only in PN, will not be old (like e.g. in κυδι-άνειρα: κῦδος), but rest on analogy (after Άλκι-, Καλλι- a. o.; Frisk Nom. 70). On κάρτα cf. e.g. τάχα, ἅμα. The 1. member κραται- may have been built after παλαι- a. o.; and κραταιός after παλαιός? (cf. Schwyzer 448). Diff. Risch 117: κραταιός back formation to κραταιή for *κράταια, fem. to κρατύς ( Πλαταιαί: πλατύς). Also κρατέω is discussed. Against the obvious explanation as denominative of κράτος (Schwyzer 724; κρατῆσαι only posthom.) see Leumann Hom. Wörter 113ff.; he assumes in κρατέω a backformation to ἐπικρατέω from ἐπι-κρατής (Hom. only adv. ἐπικρατέως). Again diff. Specht KZ 62, 35 ff. - An exact agreement to κράτος etc. is not found. Close are Skt. krátu- m. `power, mind, will', Av. xratu- m. `id.'. The objections that the Indo-Ir. word indicates primarily spiritual qualities ar refuted by OE cræft ` Kraft, physical strength, power', also `insight, craft etc.'. The Germanic word for `hard', Got. hardus etc., which is usually adduced, differs in vowel (IE *kortú- against *kr̥tú- to * kret-). - Cf. Mayrhofer KEWA s. krátuh.Page in Frisk: 2,8-10Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κράτος
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7 μιμνήσκω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `remind (oneself), give heed, care for, make mention'; usu. - ομαι (- ῄσκω, Schwyzer 709f., Aeol. μιμναισκω [Gramm.], μνήσκεται Anacr.); fut. μνήσω, - ομαι, aor. μνῆσαι (Dor. μνᾶσαι), - ασθαι, perf. midd. μέμνημαι (Dor. -μνᾱ-, Aeol. - μναι-) with fut. μεμνήσομαι (all Il.), aor. pass. μνησθῆναι (δ 418, Aeol. μνασθῆναι) with fut. μνησθήσομαι (IA); pres. also μνάομαι, μνῶμαι, μνώοντο, μνωόμενος etc. (Il.), `woo for one's bride, court' (Od.) `solicit' (Hdt., Pi.), προ-μνάομαι `court for' (S., Pl., X.); cf. below.Compounds: Often with prefix, esp. ὑπο-, ἀνα-, with παρ-, προσ-υπομιμνήσκω, ἐπ-, συν-, προ-αναμιμνήσκω.Derivatives: 1. μνῆμα, Dor. Aeol. μνᾶμα n. `memorial, monument, tomb' (Il.) with μνημ-εῖον, Ion. -ήϊον, Dor. μναμ- `id.' (Dor., IA; cf. σῆμα: σημεῖον a.o., Chantraine Form. 61, Schwyzer 470), rare a. late - άτιον, - άδιον, - άφιον, - όριον (s. μεμόριον); μνηματίτης λόγος `funeral oration' (Choerob., Eust.; Redard 47); ὑπόμνη-μα `remembrance, note' (Att.) with - ματικός, - ματίζομαι -- 2. μνήμη, Dor. μνάμα f. `remembrance, mention' (Dor., IA; μνή-σ-μη Lycaonia); from this or from μνῆμα: μνημ-ήϊος `as a remembrance' (Phryg.), - ίσκομαι = μιμνήσκομαι (Pap.). -- 3. μνεία f. `remembrance, mention' (Att.), verbal noun \< * μνᾱ-ΐα as πεν-ία a.o. (cf. Chantraine Form. 81), hardly with Schwyzer 425 foll. Sandsjoe Adj. auf - αιος 75f. enlarged from a root noun *μνᾱ. -- 4. μνῆστις ( μνᾶσ-) f. `remembrance, thought, renown' (ν 280) with - σ- as in μνη-σ-θῆναι, μνη-σ-τύς etc.; rather after λῆστις (s. λανθάνω) than with Porzig Satzinhalte 196 the other way round. -- 5. ἀνά-, ὑπό-μνη-σις `remembrance, admonition' (Att.); also μνησι- as verbal 1. member e.g. in μνησι-κακέω `remember the (suffered) wrong' with - ία, - ος (IA). -- 6. μνηστύς, - ύος f. `courting' (Od.), later replaced by μνηστ-εία, - ευμα (s. μνηστεύω); attempt at semantic differentiation by Benveniste Noms d'agent 68f. -- 7. μνηστήρ (μνᾱσ-), - τῆρος m. `wooer' (Od.; on μνηστήρ: μνηστύς Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 32 n. 2), also name of a month ( μναστήρ, Messene; cf. Γαμη-λιών and Fraenkel 1, 162); adjectiv. `remembering, reminding' (Pi.; Fraenkel 1, 156 f.), f. μνήστειρα `bride' (AP, `reminding' (Pi.); μνῆστρον `betrothal, marriage' ( Cod. Just.) ; προμνήστρ-ια ( προ-μνάομαι) f. `(woman) matchmaker' (E., Ar., Pl.), - ίς `id.' (X.). -- 8. μνήστωρ `mindful' (A.); on μνήσ-τωρ, - τήρ Fraenkel 2, 12, Benveniste Noms d'agent 47. -- 9. μνηστή f. `wood and won, wedded, memorable' (Hom., A. R.) also `worth remembering' ( Sammelb. 6138), πολυ-μνήστη (- ος) `much wood' (Od.), also `mindful, remaining in memory' (Emp., A.); but Ἄ-μνᾱτος (Gortyn; Schwyzer 503); from this μνηστεύω ( μνασ-) `woo a wife' (Od.), also `canvass a job' with μνήστευμα (E.), - εία (hell.) `wooing'. --10. μνήμων ( μνά-), - ονος m. f., first from μνῆμα, but also directly associated with the verb, `mindful' (Od.), often as title of an office `notary, registrator' (Halic., Crete, Arist.), with μνημο-σύνη `remembrance' (Θ 181); cf. Wyss - σύνη 34; also as name of one of the Muses (h. Merc., Hes.); - συνον n. `id.' (Hdt., Th., Ar.); prob. poetical (Wyss 50); - ος `for remembrance' (LXX); besides Μναμόν-α (Ar. Lys. 1248; cf. on εὑφρόνη), Μνημ-ώ (Orph.) = Μνημοσύνη. Denominat. μνημον-εύω `remember' (IA) with μνημόνευ-σις, - μα etc. Adj. μνημον-ικός `for remembrance, with good memory' (Att.). -- 11. PN like Μνησεύς (Pl.; short name of Μνήσ-αρχος, Bosshardt 130), Μνασίλλει (Boeot.); Μνασέας; prob. hellenis. of Sem. Mǝnašše = Μανασση (Schulze Kl. Schr. 394 f.; cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 414).Etymology: The above paradigm, together with the nominal formations built on a general μνᾱ-, is a purely Greek creation. The basis of the generalized system were of course one or a few verbal forms; as however the new system was already complete at the beginneing of Greek and the cognate languages present nothing that could be compared directly with the Greek forms, we can no more follow its creation. A monosyllabic IE * mnā- is found in class. Sanskrit, as in aor. a-mnā-siṣ-uḥ `they mentioned', which typologically reminds of μνῆ-σ-αι, in the perf. act. ma-mnau (gramm.), prob. innovation to midd. ma-mn-e (cf. μέμονα) and not (with Brugmann Grundr.2 II: 3,441) to be connected with μέμνημαι; further in - mnā-ta- `mentioned' and mnā-ya-te `is mentioned', with which agree on the one hand Ἄ-μνᾱ-τος and - with secondary σ (Schwyzer 503) - μνη-σ-τή, on the other hand μνάομαι. But the last is undoubtedly analogically innovated after wellknown patterns to μνήσασθαι etc.; also the verbal adj. does not look archaic. The development of μιμνήσκω has been prob. about the same as with κικλήσκω (where however καλέ-σαι was retained) or with βιβρώσκω (s.v.), where also non-Greek agreements to βρω- are rare or doubtful. The general re-creation isolated μιμνήσκω both formally and semantically from the old μέμονα and even more from μαίνομαι. -- From μνάομαι `remind, mention' developed as courteous expression the meaning `woo a woman, court'; s. Benveniste Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 13 ff., where also against the connection with γυνή (Schwyzer 726 n. 1). Against Benveniste Ambrosini Rend. Acc. Lincei 8: 10, 62ff. with new interpretation: to δάμνημι, ἀδμής; not convincing. -- Further rich lit. in WP. 2, 264ff., Pok. 726ff., W. -Hofmann s. meminī, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. miñti. Cf. μαίνομαι, μέμονα, μένος.Page in Frisk: 2,238-241Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μιμνήσκω
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8 ῥᾶ (1)
ῥᾶGrammatical information: Adv.Meaning: `easy' (Alcm., S.Fr. 1086, Ion. trag.).Other forms: ep. ῥῆα (wr. ῥεῖα), ῥέα (monosyll. reading necessary or possible; so for Aeol. ῥᾶ?), Ion. ῥέᾱ (Simon.), Aeol. βρᾶ ( = Ϝρᾶ, gramm., ῥῆα in Alc. homerism or mistake of the tradit.).Compounds: As 1. member in ῥᾳ-θυμος `lighthearted, carefree' (Att.) from *ῥαΐ-θυμος (as καλλί-ζωνος a.o.), if not secondary for the well attested ῥά-θυμος (Wackernagel Hell. 26 = Kl. Schr. 2, 1057).Derivatives: Comp.forms: comp. ep. ῥηΐτερον, Ion. ῥῄτερον (Thgn.), Dor. ῥᾳτερον (Pi.), also Ion. ῥήϊον, Att. ῥᾳ̃ον; to this ῥᾶσσον (gramm. in EM) after θᾶσσον (Seiler Steigerungsformen 73); sup. ep. ῥηΐτατα, Ion. ῥήϊστα, Dor. ῥάϊστα (Theoc.), Att. ῥᾳ̃στα. From the adv. arose the adj. forms ῥηΐτερος, ῥήϊστος, ῥᾳων, ῥᾳ̃στος; from ῥῆα, ῥᾶ the pos. ῥη-ϊδίως, Att. ῥᾳδίως, Aeol. βρα-ϊδίως (Alc.), to which the adj. ῥηΐδιος, ῥᾳδιος (like μαψ-ιδίως, - ίδιος a.o.); to this ῥᾳδιέστερος a. o. -- From ῥήϊον, ῥᾳ̃ον: ῥηΐζω, ῥαΐζω, aor. - ίσαι `to recover' (IA.) and ῥαΐαν ὑγείαν H. From ῥήϊστος, ῥᾳ̃στος: ῥῃστώνη, ῥᾳστώνη f. `recovery, leisurely condition, leisure' (IA.); formation unclear, cf. Schwyzer IF 45, 259ff., Meid IF 62, 277. Further details in Schwyzer 467 a. 539, Wackernagel Verm. Beitr. 11ff. (= Kl. Schr. 1, 772ff.), Seiler Steigerungsformen 72f., Leumann Hom. Wörter 18 n. 10.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: From ep. ῥῆα and Aeol. βρᾶ we reconstruct PGr. *Ϝρᾶα, which can stand for *Ϝρᾶσ-α, perh. for *Ϝρᾶι̯-α; on the ending -α Schwyzer 622. No doubt old, inherited word, but without certain etymology. After Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1918, 281 f. prop. `raisable' (Lat. levis: levāre), to Lith. viršùs `the upper', Skt. vársman-'hight', to which also ἀπηύρα, ἀπούρας (doubts in Kretschmer Glotta 11, 249). To ἀπηύρα (but further diff.) also Schwyzer IF 45, 259ff. Still diff. Specht KZ 59, 93ff.: to ἀραιός `thin' (s. Schwyzer 539 w. n. 3). Szemerényi, Welt d. Slaven (1967) 272f. connects Av. uruuāza- `joy, bliss', from IE *u̯rādh-s- (but then the -s- would have been preserved in Greek); Pisani Acme 8(1955)117f.Page in Frisk: 2,636Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥᾶ (1)
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9 στέλλω
στέλλω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to put in order, to make ready, to equip, dress with weapons, clothes etc.; to prepare (for a journey), to dispatch'; also `to furl, take in the sails, to tie up, to constrain'; midd. esp. `to summon, to fetch, to prepare (for a journey), to set off' (also act. intr.). `to dress'.Other forms: Aor. στεῖλαι, - ασθαι (Il.), Aeol. ἀπο-, ἐπι-στέλλαι, fut. στελ-έω (β 287 a.o.), -ῶ, - οῦμαι (Att.). Aor. pass. σταλ-ῆναι (Pi., IA.), - θῆναι (hell.), perf. pass. ἔσταλμαι (IA.), act. ἔσταλκα (Att.), ἔστολα (gramm.).Compounds: Very often w. prefix with variaous shades of neaning, e.g. ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-, κατα-, περι-, συν-, ὑπο-. As 2. member e.g. ἰδιό-στολος `having one's own equipment, equipped at one's own expense, making one's own journey' (Plu. a.o.), πυγο-στόλος adjunct of γυνή (Hes. Op. 373; on the debated meaning Martinazzoli Par. del Pass. 15, 203ff.); ναυ-στολ-έω `to send on a ship, to navigate, to steer (a ship)' (Pi., S., E., late prose; ναύ-στολος only A. Th. 858 [lyr.; doubted]; cf. ναυ-μαχέω, οἰνο-χοέω a.o. in Schwyzer 726); ἀκρο-στόλ-ιον n. `decorated end of the rostrum' (Callix., Str., D.S. etc.); ἀπόστολ-ος (: ἀπο-στέλλω) m. `envoys, fleet-expedition' (IA.), `apostle' (LXX, NT). As 2. member e.g. μελανό-στολος `with a black garment' (Plu.).Derivatives: A. 1. στόλος m. `equipment (of a campaign), campaign by water and by land, fleet, army, troop, legion, march' (Pi., IA.); also `rostrum' (Pi., trag.)`outgrowth, stump, appendage' (Arist.); cf. below. 2. στολή (Aeol. σπόλα; cf. below) f. `armor', usu. `dress, garment' (IA.), `obstruction, pressure, constraint' (Epicur., medic.); ἀπο-, δια- ἐπι-στολή a.o. (: ἀπο-στέλλω) `sending resp. extension, mission or letter' (IA. etc.) with ἀποστολ-εύς m. `officials for equipping and dispatching the fleet' (Att.) a.o., s. Bosshardt 53 f. From this the dimin. στόλ-ιον n. (Delos IIa, AP a.o.); στολ-άς f. `jacket' (Ael.); στολ-ίς f. `dress', pl. `folds' (E., Arist. etc.) with - ίδιον, - ιδώδης, - ιδόομαι, - ίδωμα, - ιδωτός. - From στολή and στόλος: στολ-ίζω, also w. κατα-, συν-, ὑπο- `to place in order, to equip, to dress' (Hes. Op. 628, E., hell. a. late), - ισις, - ισμα, ισμός, - ιστής, - ιστήριον, - ιστεία; - άζομαι `to dress' in ἐστολάδαντο (metr. inscr. Marathon IIp; cf. ἐρράδαται a.o. Schwyzer 672). -- 3. στολμός m. `equipment, clothing' (A., E.). -- B. στέλμα στέφος, στέμμα H. (correct?); στελμονίαι ζώματα H. (= X. Cyr. 6, 1); cf. ἁρ-μον-ία a.o., Scheller Oxytonierung 58f. -- C. 1. - σταλ-μα, only from the prefixed ἐπι-στέλλω etc.: ἐπί-, διά-, ἀπό-σταλμα n. `public mission etc.' (Thphr., pap.). 2. διασταλ-μός m. `assessment' (pap. VIp). 3. στάλ-σις f. `obstruction' (Gal.), διά- στέλλω `destination, treaty' (LXX). 4. ἀνα-, δια-, περι- etc. - σταλτικός (late). --5. On στάλιξ s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [1019] * stel- `put (up), stand'; also [985] * spel- `split'?Etymology: The above forms form in spite of all semantic differentiation a well kept together formal system. Outside the wide semantic cadre are, however, στόλος in the sense of `ships beak a.o.', a meaning which seems difficult to connect with στέλλω `prepare, equip, send out', but which can without difficulty be connected with στελεά, στέλεχος, στήλη [which in my view do not belong to στέλλω]. When judging the etymology some seemingly Aeolic, mostly only lexically attested forms with σπ- (against inscr. ἀπο-, ἐπι-στέλλαι) must not be overlooked: σπελλάμεναι στειλάμεναι, σπολεῖσα σταλεῖσα, εὔσπολον εὑεί-μονα, εὑσταλέα, κασπέλλει (cod. - έλη) στορνύει (all H.); σπόλα = στολή (Sapph.), κασπολέω (- σπελ-?) ὑποστορέσω (Sapph., H.). So ΙΑ. στελ-, Aeol. σπελ- from IE skʷel- (lit. in Persson Beitr. 1, 422)? After Bechtel Dial. 1, 125f. (with Schulze; cf. on this Hamm Grammatik 15 w. n. 3) in IA. στέλλω IE * stel- `send' and skʷel- `equip' (from where Aeol. σπελ-) would have fallen together. The difficulty to find IE * skʷel- back in other languages, as well as the meagre documentation of the σπ-forms both arouse suspicion against such a supposition. For some of the relevant words ( σπόλα, εὔσπολος) one might sonsider a connection with IE * spel- `split' (s. σπολάς). -- Exact cognates outside Greek are missing. Nearest comes Arm. steɫc-anem, aor. steɫc-i `prepare, creare' with unclear c (ɫc from l + s with Pedersen KZ 39, 427 ?); beside it steɫn, pl. steɫun-k` `stem, stalk, twig' (cf. στέλεχος, στελεά). Also several other words go back on IE * stel-, but deviate semantically from στέλλω: Alb. shtiell `wind up, reel up, collect' (IE * stel-n-ō); Germ. nouns as OE stela m. `stalk of a plant', OWNo. stiolr m. `tail-bone', NNorw. stjøl `stalk, stem' (\< * stelu-; cf. στελεχος, στελεά). Here belong also the unclear OWNo. stallr m. `constitution, crib, stable', OHG stal m. `living, seat, stable' (to which stellen) from PGm. * stalla- or * staðla-(IE * stol-no- or * st(h)h₂-dhlo- [to st(h)ā- `stand'; s. ἵστημι]); Skt. sthálam n. `continent, earth-bottom', sthálā f. `raised earth' etc. (cf. on στήλη). -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 643ff., Pok. 1019f., W.-Hofmann s. locus; older lit. also in Bq. -- The evidence for IE origin is meagre; could the word be Pre-Greek?Page in Frisk: 2,786-788Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στέλλω
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10 αἰμίθεος
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > αἰμίθεος
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11 εἴδω
εἴδω, no [voice] Act. [tense] pres. in use, ὁράω being used:—[voice] Med., v.infr. A.11: [tense] aor. 2 [full] εἶδον always in sense ofA see (so in [tense] pres. and [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Med., to be seen, i.e. seem): but [tense] pf. [full] οἶδα, in [tense] pres. sense, know. (With ἔ-ϝιδον, cf. ([etym.] ϝ) είδομαι, (ϝ) εῖδος, Lat. videre; with ([etym.] ϝ) οῖδα, cf. Skt. véda, Goth. wait, OE. wát 'know'.)A [tense] aor. 2 εἶδον (late ), serving as [tense] aor. to ὁράω, [dialect] Ep. ἴδον, iter.ἴδεσκε Il.3.217
, late [dialect] Aeol.εὔιδον Epigr.Gr.990.11
([place name] Balbilla); imper. ἴδε (in [dialect] Att. written as Adv. ἰδέ, behold! Hdn.Gr.2.23), ἴδετε; subj. ἴδω, [dialect] Ep.ἴδωμι Il.18.63
; opt. ἴδοιμι; inf. ἰδεῖν, [dialect] Ep. ἰδέειν; part. ἰδών: hence, [tense] fut.ἰδησῶ Theoc.3.37
:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor. 2 εἰδόμην, [dialect] Ep. ἰδόμην, in same sense, poet., [dialect] Ion., and later Prose (c. gen., Arat.430) (so in compds., even in [dialect] Att. Prose, v. ἐπ-, προ-, ὑπ-ειδόμην); imper. ἰδοῦ (freq. written as Adv. ἰδού, = ἰδέ); subj. ἴδωμαι; opt. ἰδοίμην; inf. ἰδέσθαι; part.ἰδόμενος Hdt.1.88
, al.:1 see, perceive, behold, ὀφθαλμοῖσι or ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσι ἰδέσθαι see before the eyes, Il.1.587, etc.;ἰδεῖν ἐν ὄμμασιν E.Or. 1020
; ἄγε, πειρήσομαι ἠδὲ ἴδωμαι well, I will try and see, Od.6.126, cf. 21.159; mark, observe, Il.4.476, Od.4.412, etc.: folld. by relat. clause,ἴδωμ' ὅτιν' ἔργα τέτυκται Il.22.450
; : freq. in inf. after Subst. or Adj., θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι a marvel to behold, Il.5.725;οἰκτραῖσιν ἰδεῖν A.Pr. 240
;ἐλεινὸς ἰδεῖν Pl.R. 620a
.c see, i.e. experience,νόστιμον ἦμαρ ἰδέσθαι Od.3.233
, etc.;δούλειον ἦμαρ ἰδεῖν E.Hec.56
;ἀέλιον ἕτερον ἰδεῖν S.Tr. 835
;τὴν δίκην ἰδεῖν Id.Ant. 1270
(lyr.); ἀλόχου κουριδίης.. οὔ τι χάριν ἴδε he saw (i.e. enjoyed) not the favour of his wedded wife, Il.11.243.2 look, ἰδεῖν ἐς .. look at or towards, 2.271, etc.; ἰδεῖν ἐπί .. 23.143; πρός .. Od.12.244; εἰς ὦπα ἰδέσθαι look him in the face, Il.9.373, etc.;κατ' ἐνῶπα ἰδών 15.320
; ἄντα, ἐσάντα, or ἄντην ἰδεῖν, 13.184, 17.334, Od.5.78, etc.: qualified by Adv. or Adj., ὑπόδρα ἰδών looking askance, Il.1.148, al.; ἀχρεῖον ἰδών looking helpless, 2.269; κέρδος ἰδεῖν look to gain, A.Eu. 541 (lyr.).3 see mentally, perceive, ἰδέσθαι ἐν φρεσίν ' to see in his mind's eye', Il.21.61, cf. 4.249;ἰδεῖν τῇ διανοίᾳ Pl.R. 511a
.II [voice] Med., [tense] pres. [full] εἴδομαι, [dialect] Ep.ἐείδεται Theoc.25.58
, part.ἐειδόμενος Pi.
N..10.15: [tense] aor. εἰσάμην, [dialect] Ep. part.ἐεισάμενος Il. 2.22
, al.:—only [dialect] Ep.and Lyr., to be seen, appear, εἴδεται ἄστρα they are visible, appear, 8.559;εἰ. ἦμαρ ὑπὸ Τρώεσσι δαμῆναι 13.98
;εἴσατο δέ σφι δεξιός 24.319
;ὅπη τὸ Ταρτάρειον εἴδεται βάθρον Epigr.Gr.1034.19
([place name] Callipolis), cf. Od.5.283; perh. also οὔ πῃ χροὸς εἴσατο none of the skin was visible, Il.13.191.2 c. inf., appear or seem to be, ; , etc.: with inf. omitted,οἱ τό γε κέρδιον εἴσατο θυμῷ 19.283
, etc.;οὐ μέν μοι κακὸς εἴδεται Il.14.472
, cf. Theoc. 25.58; also, look like or make a show of.., εἴσατ' ἴμεν ἐς Λῆμνον he made a show of going to Lemnos, Od.8.283; εἴσατο δ' ὡς ὅτε ῥινόν it had the look as of a shield, 5.281.3 strictly middle, c. dat., εἴσατο φθογγὴν Πολίτῃ she made herself like Polites in voice, Il.2.791, cf. 20.81;αὐδὴν εἰσάμενός τινι Rhian.50
: esp. in part., like,εἰδομένη κήρυκι Il.2.280
, etc.;τῷ δ' ὄψιν ἐειδόμενος Pi.N.10.15
;εἰδόμενος τοκεῦσιν A.Ag. 771
(lyr.);φάσμα εἰδόμενόν τινι Hdt.6.69
.B [tense] pf., οἶδα I know, used as [tense] pres.: [tense] plpf. ᾔδεα (v. infr.), I knew, used as [tense] impf.:—[tense] pf. οἶδα, [dialect] Aeol.ὄϊδα Alc. 145
; [ per.] 2sg. οἶδας once in Hom., Od.1.337, cf. h.Merc. 456, Thgn.491, Hippon.89, Hp.Acut.67, E.Alc. 780, Philem.44.3 codd.; οἶσθα elsewh. in Hom., [dialect] Att., etc.; in Com. also sts.οἶσθας Cratin.105
, Alex.15.11, Men.348.5, cf. Herod.2.55; pl., ἴσμεν, [dialect] Ep., [dialect] Aeol., and [dialect] Dor. ἴδμεν, also [dialect] Ion., Hdt.1.6, al.; ἴστε, ἴσασι [ῐς- Od.2.211, al., but ῑς- ib. 283, al.];οἴδαμεν Hdt.2.17
,οἴδατε AP12.81
(Mel.),οἴδᾱσι Hdt.2.43
, X.Oec. 20.14 codd.; dual,οἴδατον Socr.Ep.22.1
: imper. ἴσθι, ἴστω, [dialect] Boeot. ἴττω, late codd.: from [ per.] 3pl. ἴσασι (ἴσαντι Epich. 53
) were formed [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 1sg.ἴσᾱμι Epich.254
, Pi.P.4.248; [ per.] 3sg.ἴσατι IG14.644.4
([place name] Bruttii); [ per.] 1pl.ἴσᾰμεν Pi.N.7.14
, ἴσαμες prob. in Dialex. 6.12; Cret. [ per.] 3pl. subj. ; inf. ϝισάμην Kohler-Ziebarth Stadtrecht von Gortyn 34 No.3.19; part.ἴσας A.D.Adv.175.19
, dat. sg.ἴσαντι Pi.P.3.29
, Cret. pl. : subj. εἰδῶ (εἰδέω, ἰδέω, Il.14.235, Od.16.236), [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl. (Halic., V B.C.); [dialect] Ep. alsoεἴδω Od.1.174
, al. (cf. Hdn. Gr.2.131),εἴδομεν Il.1.363
,εἴδετε Od.9.17
: opt. εἰδείην, [ per.] 1pl. , R. 582a: inf. εἰδέναι, [dialect] Ep. ἴδμεναι, ἴδμεν, alsoἰδέμεν Pi.N.7.25
: part. εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα, [dialect] Ep. also ἰδυῖα, Elean :—[tense] plpf.ᾔδεα Il.14.71
, Hdt.2.150, [var] contr.ᾔδη S.Ant.18
, Ar.Av. 511, Pl.Smp. 119a,ᾔδησθα Od.19.93
, Eup. 416, etc. (but ᾔδεισθα freq. in codd., Ar.Ec. 551, E.Cyc. 108, Pl.Men. 80d, al.), ᾔδεε ([etym.] ν) Il.17.402, al.,ᾔδη 1.70
, al. (also later [dialect] Att., acc. to Aristarch. ap. Choerob.in Theod.2.86), [dialect] Att. [var] contr. ᾔδει ([etym.] ν) E. Ion 1187, Ar.V. 558, etc.; [dialect] Ep. 2 and [ per.] 3sg. ἠείδης, ἠείδη (v.l. - εις, - ει), Il.22.280, Od.9.206; [dialect] Att. also [ per.] 1sg.ᾔδειν D.37.24
, [ per.] 2sg. , etc.; pl.,ᾔδειμεν Aeschin.3.82
, Arist.APo. 87b40,ᾔδεμεν Men.14D.
(to be read in S.OT 1232),ᾔδειτε D.55.9
, etc. ( ᾔδετε prob. in E.Ba. 1345), [dialect] Ion.ᾐδέατε Hdt.9.58
([etym.] συν-), ᾔδεισαν LXX Ge.42.23
, Str.15.3.23,ᾔδεσαν Hdt.7.175
, Thgn.54, etc.; late [dialect] Ep. ᾔδειν, ἠείδειν, A.R.2.65,4.1700, also ᾖσμεν, ᾖστε, ᾖσαν, Ar.Fr.149.4 (prob.), S.Fr. 340, E. Cyc. 231, etc.; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.ἴσαν Il.18.405
, Od.4.772:—[tense] fut., in this sense,εἴσομαι Il.1.548
, Hp.VM20, Ar.Ach. 332, etc.; alsoεἰδήσω Od.7.327
, Hdt.7.234, Isoc.1.44, Aen.Tact.31.5, Arist.Top. 108a28, Herod.5.78, Apollon.Perg.Con.1 Praef., etc.; inf.εἰδησέμεν Od.6.257
.—The [tense] aor. and [tense] pf. are usu. supplied by γιγνώσκω; [tense] aor. 1 inf. εἰδῆσαι is found in Hp.Acut.(Sp.) 22, Epid.6.8.25 (ἐξ-), Arist.EN 1156b27, Thphr.Char. Prooem.4; imper.εἴδησον PCair.Zen.36.2
(iii B.C.); [ per.] 3pl. subj. εἰδήσωσιν Herzog Koische Forschungen No. 190 (ii/i B.C.):—know, have knowledge of, be acquainted with, Hom., etc.: c. acc. rei, ; νοήματα, μήδεα οἶδε, Od.2.122, Il.18.363, etc.: less freq. c. acc. pers.,τούτους μὲν δὴ οἶδα Od.4.551
, cf. Pl.R. 365e, D.54.34, etc.; πρῶτος ὧν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν the first we know of, Hdt.1.6, etc.;παλαίτατος ὧν ἀκοῇ ἴσμεν Th.1.4
: strengthd. by εὖ or σάφα, εὖ τόδ' ἴσθι know well, be assured of this, E.Med. 593;σάφ' οἶδ' ἐγώ A.Supp. 740
, etc.: freq. in Hom. with neut. Adj., to express character or disposition, ἄγρια οἶδε has fierceness in his heart, Il.24.41; ἀθεμίστια ᾔδη had law lessness in his heart, Od.9.189; αἴσιμα, ἄρτια ᾔδη, 14.433, 19.248; εἴ μοι ἤπια εἰδείη if he were kindly disposed towards me, Il.16.73;φίλα εἰδότες ἀλλήλοισιν Od.3.277
; κεχαρισμένα, πεπνυμένα εἰδώς, 8.584, 24.442: c. gen.,ὃς σάφα θυμῷ εἰδείη τεράων Il. 12.229
;ὃς πάσης εἰδῇ σοφίης 15.412
; τόξων ἐῢ εἰδώς cunning with the bow, 2.718;αἰχμῆς ἐῢ εἰ. 15.525
;οἰωνῶν σάφα εἰδώς Od.1.202
;ἐῢ εἰδὼς τεκτοσυνάων 5.250
;μάχης ἐῢ εἰδότε πάσης Il.2.823
;κύνε εἰδότε θήρης 10.360
; ;εἰδὼς πυγμαχίης 23.665
;θεοπροπίων ἐῢ εἰδώς 6.438
; χάριν εἰδέναι τινί acknowledge a debt to another, thank him, 14.235, Hdt.3.21, etc.: imper., freq. in protestations, ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς αὐτός be Zeus my witness, Il.10.329;ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα 15.36
, etc.; [dialect] Boeot. ἴττω Ἡρακλῆς etc., Ar.Ach. 860, etc.: part. εἰδώς, abs., one who knows, one acquainted with the fact,ἰδυίῃ πάντ' ἀγορεύω Il.1.365
;μετ' εἰδόσιν ἀγορεύειν 10.250
;μακρηγορεῖν ἐν εἰδόσιν Th.2.36
, cf. 3.53;μαθεῖν παρὰ τοῦ εἰδότος Pl.R. 337d
, etc.; also ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι with knowing mind, Il.1.608,al.2 c. inf., know how to do,οἶδ' ἐπὶ δεξιά, οἶδ' ἐπ' ἀριστερὰ νωμῆσαι βῶν 7.238
, cf. S.Ph. 1010, Ar.V. 376; also, to be in a condition, be able, have the power, E.Med. 664, D.4.40; of drugs,ὅσα λεπτύνειν οἶδε Alex.
Trall.Febr.6; of a festival, οἶδε ἐκπέμπουσα δάκνειν Chor.p.124 B.; learn, .3 c. part., to know that such and such is the fact, the part. being in nom. when it is a predicate of the Subject of the Verb, ἴσθι μοι δώσων know that thou wilt give, A.Ag. 1670;ἴστω ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφεοῦ ἀποθανών Hdt.4.76
; : in acc. when it is predicate of the Object, ; : with part. omitted, γῆν αὐτὰ οἶδεν ἀμφότερα (sc. ὄντα) Jul.Or.7.226a.4 less freq.c.acc. et inf.,πλήθους.. ἂν σάφ' ἴσθ' ἕκατι βάρβαρον ναυσὶν κρατῆσαι A.Pers. 337
, cf. S.Ph. 1329;εὖ ἴσθι τοῦτον.. ἰσχυρῶς ἀνιᾶσθαι X.Cyr.8.3.44
; alsoεὖ τόδ' ἴσθι, μηδάμ' ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ πλῆθος τοσουτάριθμον ἀνθρώπων θανεῖν A.Pers. 431
;ἕν γ' ἀκούσασ' ἴσθι, μὴ ψευδῶς μ' ἐρεῖν E.IA 1005
.5 c. acc. folld. by ὡς, ὅτι, etc.,οἶδα κἀμαυτὴν ὅτι ἀλγῶ S.El. 332
;ἐάν τινα εἰδῶσιν ὅτι ἄδικός ἐστι Pl.Prt. 323b
, etc.6 οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ .. I know not whether, to express disbelief or doubt, sts. with ἄν transposed,οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμί σε E. Alc.48
, cf. D.45.7: with Verb omitted after εἰ, as οὐκ οἶδ' εἴ τις ἄλλος perhaps no other, Isoc.6.1, 12.10.7 in similar ellipses with other Conjunctions, οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως I know not how, Pl.R. 40cb;οὐκ οἶδ' ὁπόθεν Id.Cra. 396d
.8 οἶδα, ἴσθι are freq. parenthetic, ; σάφ' οἶδα ib.94, 963; also οἶδ' ὅτι, οἶσθ' ὅτι, ἴσθ' ὅτι, πάρειμι δ' ἄκων οὐχ ἑκοῦσιν, οἶδ' ὅτι (sc. πάρειμι ) I know it well, S.Ant. 276; οἶδ' ὅτι, freq. in D., as 9.1, al.;σάφ' ἴσθ' ὅτι Ar.Pl. 889
:—οἶσθ' ὅ, οἶσθ' ὡς, with imper., are common in Trag. and Com., οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δρᾶσον; do—thou know'st what, i.e. make haste and do, Ar.Eq. 1158, cf. Pax 1051, etc.; οἶσθ' ὡς πόησον; S.OT 543; also οἶσθ'.. ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇς; Id.OC75; οἶσθα νῦν ἅ μοι γενέσθω; E.IT 1203: rarely with the [tense] fut., οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δράσεις (nisileg. δρᾶσον); Id.Cyc. 131, cf. Med. 600 codd. -
12 ξένος
ξένος, ὁ, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. [full] ξεῖνος (also freq. in Pi., N.7.61, al., used by Trag. metri gr. even in trim., mostly in voc., S.OC33, al., E.IT 798 codd., El. 247), [dialect] Aeol. [full] ξέννος Hdn.Gr.2.302 ; scanned [pron. full] ¯ ?ξένοςX and written ξεῖνος in Theoc.28.6, 30.17: [dialect] Aeol. [comp] Sup. ξεννότατος Sch. Tz. in An. Ox. 3.356.18 (sed v. fin.).I guest-friend, applied to persons and states bound by a treaty or tie of hospitality, Od.1.313, etc. ;ξεῖνοι δὲ.. εὐχόμεθ' εἶναι ἐκ πατέρων φιλότητος 15.196
;ξ. πατρώϊός ἐσσι παλαιός Il.6.215
;ξ. δ' ἀλλήλων πατρώϊοι εὐχόμεθ' εἶναι Od.1.187
; ; later freq. coupled withφίλος, Πλούταρχος ὁ τούτου ξένος καὶ φίλος D.21.110
, cf. 18.46, X.An.2.1.5, Lys. 19.19 ;βασιλέως πατρικὸς ξ. Pl.Men. 78d
.2 of parties giving or receiving hospitality, Od.8.145, etc. ; mostly of the guest, opp. the host, ξεινοδόκοι καὶ ξεῖνος ib. 543, etc. ; ἁ ξείνα the visitor, Theoc.2.154 ; of guests at a club, opp. σύνδειπνοι, PTeb.118.4 (ii B. C.) : less freq. of the host, Il.15.532, A.R.1.208, Ep.Rom.16.23, etc.: c. dat.,ξεῖνός τινι Hdt.1.20
,22, cf. Th.2.13, X.An.1.1.10, etc. ; also ξ. τινός ib. 2.4.15.II stranger, esp. wanderer, refugee (under the protection of Ζεὺς ξένιος), sts. coupled withἱκέτης, Ζεὺς ἐπιτιμήτωρ ἱκετάων τε ξείνων τε ξείνιος Od.9.270
, cf. 8.546; withπτωχός, πρὸς γὰρ Διός εἰσιν ἅπαντες ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε 6.208
.III generally, stranger, foreigner, opp. ἔνδημος, Hes.Op. 225; opp. ἀστός, Pi.O.7.90, S.OC13, And.4.10, etc. ;πολιατᾶν καὶ ξ. Pi.I.1.51
, cf. A. Th. 924 (lyr.), Pl.Grg. 473d, etc. ; opp. ἐπιχώριος, Id.Men. 94d: coupled with μέτοικος, Th. 4.90, cf. IG12.39.53 ; with ἔπηλυς, Luc.Herm.24 ; opp. a member of the family, PMasp.169.10 (vi A. D.), etc.2 = βάρβαρος, at Sparta, Hdt.9.11,55.IV hireling, Od.14.102 ; esp. mercenary soldier, IG12.949.89, X.An.1.1.10, D.18.152, etc. ;ξ. ναυβάται Th.1.121
: rarely simply, ally, X.Lac. 12.3.B as Adj. [full] ξένος, η, ον (also ος, ον E.Supp.94), [dialect] Ion. [full] ξεῖνος, η, ον, foreign, not in Hom. (in the phrasesξεῖνε πάτερ Od.7.28
,ἄνθρωποι ξεῖνοι Il.24.202
, both words are Subst.) ; freq. in later writers,ξείνα γαῖα Pi.P.4.118
codd.;ξένης ἐπὶ χθονός S.OC 1256
; γᾶς ἐπὶ ξένας ib. 1705 (lyr., cf. ξένη); ἐν ξένῃσι χερσί by foreign hands, Id.El. 1141 ; ξ. δόμοι, πόλις, etc., E.Ph. 339 (lyr.), 369, etc. ; of alien property,ξ. ἄρουραι PMasp.295.22
(vi A.D.).II c. gen. rei, strange to a thing, unacquainted with, ignorant of it,ξ. τοῦ λόγου S.OT 219
, cf. AP4.3a.37 (Agath.);ξ. τῶν διαθηκῶν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας Ep.Eph.2.12
, cf. BGU405.12 (iv A. D.). Adv. ξένως, ἔχω τῆς ἐνθάδε λέξεως I am a stranger to the mode of speech, Pl.Ap. 17d ;ἔχειν τῆς διαλέκτου Them. Or.21.253c
.III strange, unusual, (lyr.) ;τιμωρίαι Ti.Locr.104d
;ποιεῖν ξένην τὴν διάλεκτον Arist.Rh. 1404b11
, cf. 1415a7 ;οὐδὲν ξ. ἐν τῷ παντὶ ἀποτελεῖται Epicur.Fr. 266
;τοῖς νέοις ποιεῖν ξένα τὰ φαῦλα Arist.Pol. 1336b34
;ξένα ταῖς ὄψεσι D.S.3.15
; ὡς ξένου συμβαίνοντος I Ep.Pet.4.12 ;διδαχαὶ ποικίλαι καὶ ξ. Ep.Hebr.13.9
;ξ. δαιμόνια Act.Ap.17.18
: [comp] Sup.,πράξεων ὡς -οτάτων Phld.Herc.1251.5
;ξ. αὐτῷ δοκεῖ τὸ πρᾶγμα Luc.Cont.13
, etc. Adv.ξένως, λαλεῖν Phld.P0.5.12
. -
13 περί
περί, Thess., Delph. περ IG9(2).517.17 (iii B.C.), al., Schwyzer 323 A4 (v/iv B.C.), also [dialect] Aeol., v. infr. A. V ; Elean παρ ib.413.4: Prep. with gen., dat., and acc.:—A round about, all round (prop. different from ἀμφί, on both sides). (Cogn. with Skt. pári 'round about'.)A WITH GENITIVE,I of Place, sts. in Poets, round about, around,τετάνυστο π. σπείους ἡμερίς Od.5.68
;τείχη π. Δαρδανίας E. Tr. 818
(lyr., s.v.l.);εἴλυμα π. χροός A.R.2.1129
: rarely, like ἀμφί, on both sides, v. περιβαίνω 1 fin.II to denote the object about or for which one does something:1 with Verbs of fighting or contending, π. τινός for an object—from the notion of the thing's lying in the middle to be fought about, π. τῶνδε for these prizes, Il.23.659 ;π. πτόλιος.. μαχήσεται 18.265
; π. Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος ib. 195, cf. 17.120;π. σεῖο 3.137
;π. νηὸς ἔχον πόνον 15.416
; ἀμύνεσθαι π. πάτρης, π. νηῶν, π. τέκνων, 12.243, 142, 170, etc.; δόλους καὶ μῆτιν ὕφαινον, ὥς τε π. ψυχῆς since it was for my life, Od.9.423 ;π. ψυχῆς θέον Ἕκτορος Il.22.161
;π. ψυχέων ἐμάχοντο Od.22.245
; in Prose, τρέχειν π. ἑωυτοῦ, π. τῆς ψυχῆς, Hdt.7.57,9.37;ἀγῶνας δραμέονται π. σφέων αὐτῶν Id.8.102
;νεναυμάχηκε τὴν π. τῶν κρεῶν Ar. Ra. 191
; <τὸν> π. τοῦ παντὸς δρόμον θέοντες Hdt.8.74
; κινδυνεύειν π. τινός ibid., etc.;οὐ π. τῶν ἴσων ὁ κίνδυνός ἐστι X.HG7.1.7
; and without a Verb,π. γῆς ὅρων διαφοραί Th.1.122
;π. πάντων ἀγαθῶν ὁ ἀγών X.Cyr. 3.3.44
, cf. S.Aj. 936(lyr.), etc.;μάχη π. τινός Pl.Tht. 179d
;ἐπειγόμενοι π. νίκης Il.23.437
, cf. 639, Hdt.8.26 ;πεῖραν θανάτου π. καὶ ζωᾶς ἀναβάλλεσθαι Pi.N.9.29
;π. θανάτου φεύγειν Antipho 5.95
; but ἐρίσσαι π. μύθων contend about speaking, i. e. who can speak best, Il.15.284 ;καὶ ἀθανάτοισιν ἐρίζεσκον π. τόξων Od.8.225
, cf. 24.515.2 with words which denote care or anxiety, about, on account of,π. Τρώων.. μερμηρίζειν Il.20.17
;ἄχος π. τινός Od.21.249
;φόνου π. βουλεύειν 16.234
;φροντίζειν π. τινός Hdt.8.36
, etc.;κήδεσθαι π. τ. S.Ph. 621
;δεδιέναι π. τ. Pl.Prt. 320a
, etc.;ἀπολογεῖσθαι π. τ. X.Cyr.2.2.13
; κρίνειν, διαγιγνώσκειν π. τ., Pi.N.5.40, Antipho 5.96; π. τ. ψηφίζεσθαι, διαψηφίζεσθαι, ψῆφον φέρειν, IG12.57.42, X.HG2.3.50, Lycurg.11 ;βουλεύεσθαι π. τῆς κοινῆς σωτηρίας Isoc.5.69
;π. Μεθωναίων IG12.57.49
; διανοεῖσθαι, σκοπεῖν π. τινός, Pl.Phdr. 270d, Phd. 65e;μαντεύεσθαι π. τ. Hdt.8.36
, cf. S.Tr.77 ; π. πότου γοῦν ἐστί σοι; so with you it is a question of drink? Ar.Eq.87, cf. Plu.2.43b.3 with Verbs of hearing, knowing, speaking, etc., about, concerning,π. νόστου ἄκουσα Od.19.270
;οἶδα γὰρ εὖ π. κείνου 17.563
;π. πομπῆς μνησόμεθα 7.191
;π. πατρὸς ἐρέσθαι 1.135
, 3.77 ; π. τινὸς ἐρέειν, λέγειν, λόγον ποιήσασθαι, etc., Hdt. 1.5, S.OT 707, X.Cyr.1.6.13, etc.;λέγειν καὶ ἀκούειν π. ἑκάστου Th.4.22
, etc.;λόγος π. τινός Pl.Prt. 347b
, etc.;ἡ π. τινὸς φήμη Aeschin.1.48
; π. τινὸς ἀγγεῖλαι, κηρῦξαι, S.El. 1111, Ant. 193 ; π. τινὸς διελθεῖν, διεξελθεῖν, διηγεῖσθαι, Isoc.9.2, Pl.Plt. 274b, Euthphr.6c, etc.;παίζειν π. τινός X.Mem.1.3.8
;ἐμπειροτέρως ἔχειν π. τινός Aeschin.1.82
;νόμον γράψαι π. τινός X.HG2.3.52
, etc.;νόμῳ χρῆσθαι π. τινός S.Ant. 214
.4 of impulse or motive rather than object, ἐμαρνάσθην ἔριδος πέρι fought for very enmity, Il.7.301, cf. 16.476, 20.253.5 about, in regard to,μεμηνυμένος π. τινός Th.6.53
;οὕτως ἔσχε π. τοῦ πρήγματος τούτου Hdt.1.117
;τὰ π. τῶν Πλαταιῶν γεγενημένα Th.2.6
;τὸ π. τούτου γεγονός Plb.1.54.5
: in Prose freq. without a Verb,ἡ π. τῶν Μαντινικῶν πρᾶξις Th.6.88
; τὰ π. τινός the circumstances of.., ib.32, 8.14,26, etc. (cf. infr. C. 1.5); οὕτω δὴ καὶ π. τῶν ἀρετῶν (sc. ἔχει) Pl.Men. 72c, cf. R. 534b, 551c, etc.; π. τοῦ καταλειφθῆναι τὸν σῖτον as for reserving the corn, PMich.Zen.28.5 (iii B.C.): without the Art., ἀριθμοῦ πέρι as to number, Hdt.7.102; χρηστηρίων δὲ πέρι .. Id.2.54.III before, above, beyond, of superiority, chiefly in [dialect] Ep.,π. πάντων ἔμμεναι ἄλλων Il.1.287
;π. δ' ἄλλων φασὶ γενέσθαι 4.375
;τετιμῆσθαι π. πάντων 9.38
;ὃν π. πάσης τῖεν ὁμηλικίης 5.325
;ὃν.. π. πάντων φίλατο παίδων 20.304
;π. πάντων ἴδριες ἀνδρῶν Od.7.108
;κρατερὸς π. πάντων Il.21.566
, cf. 1.417, Od.11.216: in this sense freq. divided from its gen., π. φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων in understanding to be beyond them, Il.17.171, cf. 1.258, Od.1.66 ;π. μὲν εἶδος, π. δ' ἔργα τέτυκτο τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν Il.17.279
;π. μὲν κρατέεις, π. δ' αἴσυλα ῥέζεις ἀνδρῶν 21.214
;π. δ' ἔγχει Ἀχαιῶν φέρτατός ἐσσι 7.289
, cf. Pi.O.6.50, Theoc. 25.119.—In this sense π. is sts. adverbial, and the gen. is absent, v. infr. E. II.IV in Hdt. and [dialect] Att. Prose, to denote value, ἡμῖν π. πολλοῦ ἐστι it is of much consequence, worth much, to us, Hdt.1. 120, cf. Antipho 6.3 ; π. πολλοῦ ποιεῖσθαί τινας to reckon them for, i.e. worth, much, Hdt.1.73, X.Mem.2.3.10, etc.; π. πλείονος, π. πλείστου ποιεῖσθαι, Id.An.7.7.44, Cyr.7.5.60 ;π. πλείστου ἡγεῖσθαι Th.2.89
;π. παντὸς ποιεῖσθαι X.Cyr.1.4.1
; π. ἐλάττονος ἡγούμενοι, π. οὐδενὸς ἡγήσασθαι, Lys.2.71,31.31.V [dialect] Aeol. περί and περ = ὑπέρ, στροῦθοι περὶ γᾶς.. δίννεντες πτέρα Sapph.1.10; περ κεφάλας prob. in Alc.93, cf. 18 ;περρ ἁπαλῶ στύματός σε πεδέρχομαι Theoc.29.25
; also Hellenistic, ὃ διέγραψε Προῖτος περί μου paid on my behalf, PCair. Zen.790.23 (iii B. C.), cf. UPZ57.12 (ii B. C.).B WITH DATIVE (in [dialect] Att. Prose mostly in signf. 11, esp. in Th.),I of Place, round about, around, of close-fitting dresses, armour, etc.,ἔνδυνε π. στήθεσσι χιτῶνα Il.10.21
;χιτῶνα π. χροῒ δῦνεν Od.15.60
;δύσετο τεύχεα καλὰ π. χροΐ Il.13.241
;ἕσσαντο π. χροῒ χαλκόν Od.24.467
;κνημῖδας.. π. κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκε Il.11.17
;βεβλήκει τελαμῶνα π. στήθεσσι 12.401
: in Prose,π. τῇσι κεφαλῇσι εἶχον τιάρας Hdt.7.61
;θώρακα π. τοῖς στέρνοις ἔχειν X.Cyr.1.2.13
; οἱ στρεπτοὶ οἱ π. τῇ δέρῃ καὶ τὰ ψέλια π. ταῖς χερσί ib.1.3.2. ;π. τῇ χειρὶ δακτύλιον ὄντα Pl.R. 359e
, etc.;χαλκὸς ἔλαμπε π. στήθεσσι Il.13.245
;χιτῶνα π. στήθεσσι δαΐξαι 2.416
;πήληξ.. κονάβησε π. κροτάφοισι 15.648
; in other relations, π. δ' ἔγχεϊ χεῖρα καμεῖται will grow weary by grasping the spear, 2.389 ;δράκων ἑλισσόμενος π. χειῇ 22.95
;κνίση ἑλισσομένη π. καπνῷ 1.317
;π. σταχύεσσιν ἐέρση 23.598
;μάρναντο π. Σκαιῇσι πύλῃσιν 18.453
: rarely in Trag.,π. βρέτει πλεχθείς A.Eu. 259
(lyr.);κεῖται νεκρὸς π. νεκρῷ S.Ant. 1240
.2 in Poets, also, around a weapon, i. e. spitted upon it, transfixed by it,π. δουρὶ πεπαρμένη Il.21.577
;ἐρεικόμενος π. δουρί 13.441
;κυλινδόμενος π. χαλκῷ 8.86
;π. δουρὶ ἤσπαιρε 13.570
;πεπτῶτα π. ξίφει S.Aj. 828
;αἷμα ἐρωήσει π. δουρί Il.1.303
.3 of a warrior standing over a dead comrade so as to defend him,ἀμφὶ δ' ἄρ' αὐτῷ βαῖν', ὥς τις π. πόρτακι μήτηρ 17.4
; ἑστήκει, ὥς τίς τε λέων π. οἷσι τέκεσσι ib. 133 ; Αἴας π. Πατρόκλῳ.. βεβήκει ib. 137, cf. 355 ;π. σκύμνοισι βεβηκώς Ar.Eq. 1039
.II of an object for or about which one struggles (cf. supr. A. 11.1),π. οἷσι μαχειόμενος κτεάτεσσι Od.17.471
;μαχήσασθαι π. δαιτί 2.245
;π. παιδὶ μάχης πόνος Il.16.568
;ἄνδρα π. ᾗ πατρίδι μαρνάμενον Tyrt.10.2
;π. τοῖς φιλτάτοις κυβεύειν Pl.Prt. 314a
;π. τῇ Σικελίᾳ ἔσται ὁ ἀγών Th.6.34
codd.;κινδυνεύειν π. αὑτῷ Antipho 5.6
.2 with Verbs denoting care, anxiety, or the opposite (cf. supr. A. 11.2),π. γὰρ δίε ποιμένι λαῶν, μή τι πάθοι Il.5.566
;ἔδεισεν δὲ π. ξανθῷ Μενελάῳ 10.240
, cf. 11.557;δεδιότες π. τῷ χωρίῳ Th.1.60
, cf. 74, 119, Ar.Eq.27;θαρρεῖν π. τῇ ἑαυτοῦ ψυχῇ Pl.Phd. 114d
, cf. Tht. 148c;π. πλέγματι γαθεῖ Theoc.1.54
.3 generally, of the cause or occasion, on account of, by reason of, ἀτύζεσθαι π. καπνῷ, v.l. for ὑπὸ καπνοῦ in Il.8.183;μὴ π. Μαρδονίῳ πταίσῃ ἡ Ἑλλάς Hdt.9.101
;π. σφίσιν αὐτοῖς πταῖσαι Th.6.33
;π. αὑτῷ σφαλῆναι Id.1.69
: in Poets, π. δείματι for fear, Pi.P.5.58 ; π. τιμᾷ in honour or praise, ib.2.59; π. τάρβει, π. φόβῳ, A.Pers. 696 (lyr.), Ch.35(lyr.);π. χάρματι h.Cer. 429
:—but π. θυμῷ is f.l. in Hdt.3.50.C WITH ACCUSATIVE,I of Place, prop. of the object round about which motion takes place, π. βόθρον ἐφοίτων came flocking round the pit, Od.11.42 ;π. νεκρὸν ἤλασαν ἵππους Il.23.13
;π. τέρματα ἵπποι τρωχῶσι 22.162
; ἄστυ πέρι.. διώκειν ib. 173, 230 ;ἐρύσας π. σῆμα 24.16
, cf. 51, etc.;π. φρένας ἤλυθ' ἰωή 10.139
;π. φρένας ἤλυθε οἶνος Od.9.362
: also of extension round, ἑστάμεναι π. τοῖχον, π. βωμόν, Il.18.374, Od.13.187, etc.;λέξασθαι π. ἄστυ Il.8.519
;μάρνασθαι π. ἄ. 6.256
, etc.;φυλάσσοντας π. μῆλα 12.303
; οἳ π. Πηνειὸν.. ναίεσκον, π. Δωδώνην.. οἰκί' ἔθεντο, 2.757, 750;σειρήν κεν π. ῥίον Οὐλύμποιο δησαίμην 8.25
, cf. Od.18.67: in Prose,ἰκριῶσαι π. τὼ ἀγάλματε IG12.371.22
;φυλακὰς δεῖ π. τὸ στρατόπεδον εἶναι X.An. 5.1.9
; π. τὴν κρήνην εὕδειν somewhere near it, Pl.Phdr. 259a, cf. X.Cyr. 1.2.9;εἶναι π. τὸν λαγώ Id.Cyn.4.4
; π. λίθον πεσών upon it, Ar.Ach. 1180; π. αὑτὰ καταρρεῖν collapse upon themselves, D.2.10;ταραχθεῖσαι [αἱ νῆες] π. ἀλλήλας Th.7.23
; πλεῦνες π. ἕνα many to one, Hdt.7.103 ; π. τὸν ἄρξαντα.. τὸ ἀδίκημά ἐστι is imputable to him who.., Antipho 4.4.2 : freq. with a Subst. only, ἡ π. Λέσβον ναυμαχία the sea-fight off Lesbos, X.HG2.3.32 ;οἱ π. τὴν Ἔφεσον Pl.Tht. 179e
;στρατηγοὶ π. Πελοπόννησον IG12.324.18
: strengthd.,π. τ' ἀμφί τε τάφρον Il.17.760
;π. τ' ἀμφί τε κύματα Hes.Th. 848
; cf. ἀμφί c. 1.2.2 of persons who are about one,ἔχειν τινὰ π. αὑτόν X.HG5.3.22
; esp. οἱ π. τινά a person's attendants, connexions, associates, or colleagues,οἱ π. τὸν Πείσανδρον πρέσβεις Th.8.63
; οἱ π. Ἡράκλειτον his school, Pl.Cra. 440c, cf. X.An.1.5.8, etc.; οἱ π. Ἀρχίαν πολέμαρχοι Archias and his colleagues, Id.HG5.4.2, cf. An.2.4.2, etc.; οἱ π. τινά so-and-so and his family, PGrenf.1.21.16 (ii B.C.), etc.; later οἱ π. τινά, periphr. for the person himself, οἱ π. Φαβρίκιον Fabricius, Plu.Pyrrh.20, cf. Tim.13, IGRom.3.883.14 (Tarsus, ii/iii A.D.); cf. ἀμφί C. 1.3.3 of the object about which one is occupied or concerned, π. δόρπα πονεῖσθαι, π. δεῖπνον πένεσθαι, Il.24.444, Od.4.624 (but π. τεύχε' ἕπουσι, tmesis for περιέπουσι, Il.15.555); later mostly εἶναι π. τι, Th.7.31, X.HG2.2.4;γενέσθαι Isoc.3.12
; π. γυναῖκας γενέσθαι Vett. Val.17.20;ὄντων ἡμῶν π. ταύτην τὴν πραγματείαν D.48.6
;διατρῖψαι π. τὴν θήραν X.Cyr.1.2.11
, etc.: less freq.ἔχειν π. τινάς Id.HG7.4.28
, Gal.15.442; in periphr. phrases, οἱ π. τὴν ποίησιν καὶ τοὺς λόγους ὄντες poets and orators, Isoc.12.35 ;οἱ π. τὴν φιλοσοφίαν ὄντες Id.9.8
; οἱ π. τὴν μουσικήν ib.4 ; οἱ π. τὰς τελετάς ministers of the mysteries, Pl.Phd. 69c ; ὁ π. τὸν ἵππον the groom, X. Eq.6.3; cf. ἀμφί C. 1.6.4 round or about a place, and so in,π. νῆσον ἀλώμενοι Od.4.368
, cf. 90;ἐμέμηκον π. σηκούς 9.439
; ἃν π. ψυχὰν γάθησεν in his heart, Pi.P.4.122 ;χρονίζειν π. Αἴγυπτον Hdt.3.61
, cf. 7.131;εὕροι ἄν τις [βασιλείας] π. τοὺς βαρβάρους Pl.R. 544d
, etc.; οἱπ. Φωκίδα τόποι Plb.5.24.12
, etc.5 about, in the case of, τὰ π. τὴν Αἴγυπτον γεγονότα, τὰ π. Μίλητον γενόμενα, Hdt.3.13, 6.26 ;εὐσεβεῖν π. θεούς Pl.Smp. 193a
;ἀσεβεῖν π. ξένους X.Cyr.5.2.10
;ἁμαρτάνειν π. τινάς Id.An.3.2.20
;ἀνήρ ἐστιν ἀγαθὸς π. τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἀθηναίων IG12.59.10
;ἄνδρ' ἀγαθὸν ὄντα Μαραθῶνι π. τὴν πόλιν Ar.Ach. 696
;τοιαύτην γνώμην ἔχειν π. τὸν πατέρα Lys.10.21
;οὐδεμία συμφορὴ.. ἔσται.. π. οἶκον τὸν σόν Hdt.8.102
; ποιέειν or πράττειν τι π. τινά, Id.1.158, Pl.Grg. 507a;τὰ π. Πρηξάσπεα πρηχθέντα Hdt.3.76
;καινοτομεῖν π. τὰ θεῖα Pl. Euthphr.3b
;π. θεοὺς μὴ σωφρονεῖν X.Mem.1.1.20
; σπουδάζειν π. τινά promote his cause, Isoc.1.10: without a Verb,αἱ π. τοὺς παῖδας συμφοραί X.Cyr.7.2.20
;ἡ π. αὑτὸν ἐπιμέλεια Isoc.9.2
;ἡ π. ἡμᾶς ἡνιόχησις Pl.Phdr. 246b
: generally, of all relations, about, concerning, in respect of,π. μὲν τοὺς ἰχθύας οὕτως ἔχει Hdt.2.93
, cf. 8.86;πονηρὸν π. τὸ σῶμα Pl.Prt. 313d
;ἀκόλαστος π. ταῦτα Aeschin.1.42
; γελοῖος π. τὰς διατριβάς ib.126 ;ξυνηνέχθη θόρυβος π. τὸν Ἀστύοχον Th.8.84
; as to (cf. A. 11.5),π. τὸ παρὸν πάθος Pl.Tht. 179c
, cf. Phd. 65a : freq. in place of an Adj., ὄργανα ὅσα π. γεωργίαν, i.e. γεωργικά, Id.R. 370d ;οἱ νόμοι οἱ π. τοὺς γάμους Id.Cri. 50d
;αἱ π. τὰ μαθήματα ἡδοναί Id.Phlb. 51e
; also in place of a gen., οἱ π. Αυσίαν λόγοι the speeches of L., Id.Phdr. 279a; ἡ π. Φίλιππον τυραννίς the despotism of P., X.HG5.4.2 ;ἀκρασίας τῆς π. τὸν θυμόν Arist.EN 1149b19
: in Prose, to denote circumstances connected with any person or thing, τὰ π. Κῦρον, τὰ π. Ἑλένην, τὰ π. Βάττον, Hdt.1.95, 2.113, 4.154 ; τὰ π. τὸν Ἄθων the works at Mount Athos, Id.7.37; τὰ π. τὰς ναῦς naval affairs, Th.1.13; τὰ π. τὴν ναυμαχίαν (v.l. for τῆς ναυμαχίας ) the events of.., Id.8.63;τὰ π. τὸν πόλεμον Pl.R. 468a
;τὰ π. τὸ σῶμα Id.Phdr. 246d
;τὰ π. τοὺς θεούς X.Cyr.8.1.23
, etc.; cf. ἀμφί c.1.4.II of Time, π. λύχνων ἁφάς about the time of lamp-lighting, Hdt.7.215; π. μέσας νύκτας about midnight, X.An.1.7.1; π. πλήθουσαν ἀγοράν ib.2.1.7; π. ἡλίου δυσμάς ib.6.5.32 ;π. τούτους τοὺς χρόνους Th.3.89
, etc.2 of round numbers, π. ἑβδομήκοντα about seventy, Id.1.54;π. ἑπτακοσίους X.HG2.4.5
, etc.D Position: π. may follow its Subst., when it suffers anastrophe,ἄστυ πέρι Il.22.173
;ἔριδος πέρι 16.476
: most freq. with gen.,τοῦδε πράγματος πέρι A.Eu. 630
;τῶνδε βουλεύειν πέρι Id.Th. 248
, etc. (S. only once uses it before its gen., Aj. 150 (anap.)): in Prose,σφέων αὐτῶν πέρι Hdt.8.36
;σοφίας πέρι Pl.Phlb. 49a
;δικαίων τε πέρι καὶ ἀδίκων Id.Grg. 455a
, etc.; , cf. Ap. 19c.E περί abs., as ADV., around, about, also, near, by, freq. in Hom.,γέλασσε δὲ πᾶσα π. χθών Il.19.362
, al.: strengthd., round about,h.Cer.
276, cf. Call.Hec.1.1.13.II before or above others (cf. A. 111), exceedingly, only [dialect] Ep., in which case it commonly suffers anastrophe,Τυδεΐδη, πέρι μέν σε τίον Δαναοί Il.8.161
, cf. 9.53; σε χρὴ πέρι μὲν φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ' ἐπακοῦσαι ib. 100; ;ἅ οἱ πέρι δῶκεν Ἀθήνη Od.2.116
, cf. 7.110; ;πέρι κέρδεα οἶδεν 2.88
; .2 π. does not suffer anastrophe in the [dialect] Ep. phrase π. κῆρι right heartily,π. κῆρι φίλησε Il.13.430
, etc. ( κῆρι φιλεῖν alone, 9.117);ἀπέχθωνται π. κῆρι 4.53
; π. κῆρι τιέσκετο ib.46, cf. Od.5.36, 7.69;π. κῆρι.. ἐχολώθη Il.13.206
; alsoπ. φρεσὶν ἄσπετος ἀλκή 16.157
;π. φρεσὶν αἴσιμα ᾔδη Od.14.433
;ἀλύσσοντες π. θυμῷ Il.22.70
, cf. Od.14.146;π. σθένεϊ Il.17.22
.4 περὶ κάτω bottom upwards,δῖνος π. κάτω τετραμμένος Stratt.34
, cf. Phot.;τὴν κόγχην στρέψας π. τὰ κάτω Ael.NA9.34
.F IN COMPOS. all its chief senses recur, esp.I extension in all directions as from a centre, all round, as in περιβάλλω, περιβλέπω, περιέχω.II completion of an orbit and return to the same point, about, as in περιάγω, περιβαίνω, περίειμι ( εἶμι ibo), περιέρχομαι, περιστρέφω.III a going over or beyond, above, before, as in περιβαίνω III, περιβάλλω v, περιγίγνομαι, περιεργάζομαι, περιτοξεύω.IV generally, a strengthening of the simple notion, beyond measure, very, exceedingly, as in περικαλλής, περίκηλος, περιδείδω, like Lat. per-.V the notion of double-ness which belongs to ἀμφί is found in only one poetic compd., περιδέξιος (q.v.).G PROSODY: περί never suffers elision in Il. or Od. (περ' ἰγνύσι h.Merc. 152
); once in Hes., (cf. Q.S.3.601, 11.382), v. ἰάχω fin.;περ' ἰγνύῃσι Theoc.25.242
;περ' Ἠδάλιον Inscr.Cypr. 135.27
H.; also in Pi.,περάπτων P.3.52
;περόδοις N.11.40
; ;περ' αὐτᾶς P.4.265
;ταύτας περ' ἀτλάτου πάθας O.6.38
: not in Trag. (περεβάλοντο, περεσκήνωσεν are ff. ll. in A.Ag. 1147, Eu. 634); in Com. and codd. of Prose writers only in part. of περίειμι ( εἶμι ibo) (q. v.):—π. stands before a word beginning with a vowel in Com., περὶ Ἀθηνῶν, περὶ ἐμοῦ, Ar.Eq. 1005 sq.:—[dialect] Aeol. περρ metri gr., v. A. 5. -
14 πίπτω
A Exc. ex libris Herodiani p.28 (cf. Hdn.Gr.2.377 note); poet. subj.πίπτῃσι Pl.Com. 153.5
: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.πῖπτον Il.8.67
, etc. (for the quantity of ι cf. Hdn. Gr.2.10); [dialect] Ion. πίπτεσκον ( συμ-) Emp.59.2: [tense] fut. (lyr.), etc.; [dialect] Ion.[ per.] 3pl.πεσέονται Il.11.824
, [ per.] 3sg.πεσέεται Hdt.7.163
, 168: [tense] aor. ἔπεσον, inf. πεσεῖν, Il.13.178, etc.; [ per.] 2sg. opt.πεσοίης Polem.Call. 10.14
; [dialect] Aeol. and [dialect] Dor.ἔπετον Alc.60
, Pi.O.7.69, P.5.50, ([etym.] κάπετον) O.8.38, (ἐμ-) P.8.81, cf. Isyll.8, IG14.642 ([place name] Thurii); in later writers ἔπεσα, Orph.A. 521, LXX Le.9.24, al., f.l. in E.Tr. 291 ( προς-): [tense] pf. , Ar.Ra. 970, etc.; [dialect] Ep. part. πεπτεώς, εῶτος (the εω forming one syll. by synizesis), Il.21.503, etc.; also πεπτηώς, ηυῖα, Od.14.354, Simon.183.7, Hp.Mul.1.69, A.R.4.1298, AP7.427 (Antip. Sid.), cf. πτήσσω; Trag. part. , Ant. 697. (Redupl. from πετ-, which appears in [dialect] Aeol. and [dialect] Dor. [tense] aor. ἔ-πετ-ον (v. supr.), and the poet. form πίτ-νω; cogn. with πέτομαι, q.v.)A Radical sense, fall down, and (when intentional) cast oneself down, πρηνέα πεσεῖν, ὕπτιος πέσεν, Il.6.307, 15.435, etc.;νιφάδες.. π. θαμειαί 12.278
;ὀπίσω πέσεν Od.12.410
; etc.:—Constr., with Preps., in Hom. almost always ἐν.., ἐν κονίῃσι π. fall in the dust, i.e. to rise no more, Il.11.425, cf. 13.205;ἐν αἵματι καὶ κονίῃσι πεπτεῶτας Od.22.384
; π. ἐν ἀγκοίνῃσί τινος fall into his arms, Hes.Fr.142.5; ἐν χθονὶ πεπτηώς Simon.l.c. (cf. πτήσσω)π. ἐν δεμνίοις E.Or.35
, cf. A.Pers. 125 (lyr.) (v. infr. B. 1): rare in Prose,π. ἐν ποταμῷ X.Ages.1.32
: c. dat. only,πεδίῳ πέσε Il.5.82
; δεμνίοις π. E.Or.88 (s. v.l.);π. ἐπὶ χθονί Od.24.535
;οὐδέ οἱ ὕπνος πῖπτεν ἐπὶ βλεφάροις Hes.Fr.188.4
; (lyr.); ;πρὸς ἀγκάλαις Id. Ion 962
;ἀμφὶ σώμασίν τινων A.Ag. 326
: with a Prep. of motion first in Hes.,Πληϊάδες π. ἐς πόντον Op. 620
; [ποταμὸς] εἰς ἅλα Th. 791
;εἰς ἄντλον E.Hec. 1025
(lyr.);ἐπὶ γᾶν π. αἷμα A.Ag. 1019
(lyr.);ἐπὶ στόμα X.Cyn.10.13
;πρὸς οὖδας E.Hec. 405
.2 in Hom. with Advs. of motion as well as of rest, χαμάδις π. Il.7.16, 15.714, etc.; χαμαὶ π. 4.482, cf. 14.418, etc.;π. ἔραζε 12.156
, cf. Od.22.280.3 with Preps. denoting the point from which one falls,ἀπ' ὤμων χαμαὶ πέσε Il.16.803
;ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ A.Fr.44.3
;ἀπό τινος ὄνου Pl. Lg. 701d
;ἐκ χειρῶν π. ἡνία Il.5.583
;π. ἐκ νηός Od.12.417
; .4 Geom., of perpendiculars or parts of applied figures, π. ἐπί τι fall upon, Euc.3.11, Archim.Fluit. 2.8, al., Apollon.Perg.Con.1.2; but π. ἐπί τι, ποτί τι, intersect, meet, Archim.Con.Sph.16, Spir.15; π. διά τινος pass through, Id.Con.Sph. 17;π. κατά τινος Id.Sph.Cyl.1
Def.2;ἐπί τι κατά τινα Apollon.Perg. Con.1.2
.B Special usages:I πίπτειν ἔν τισι fall violently upon, attack,ἐνὶ νήεσσι πέσωμεν Il.13.742
(but ἐν νήεσσι πεσόντες tumbling into the ships, 2.175); ἐν βουσὶ π. S.Aj. 375 (lyr.); Ἔρως, ὃς ἐν κτήμασι π. Id.Ant. 782(lyr.); ἐπ' ἀλλήλοισι, of combatants, Hes.Sc. 379, cf. 375;πρὸς μῆλα καὶ ποίμνας S.Aj. 1061
;πρὸς πύλαις A.Th. 462
.2 throw oneself down, fall down, πρὸς βρέτη θεῶν ib. 185 ;ἀμφὶ σὸν γόνυ E.Hec. 787
; ἐς γόνατα on one's knees, of a wrestler, Simon.156 ;ἐς τὸν ὦμον Ar.Eq. 571
.II fall in battle,πῖπτε δὲ λαός Il.8.67
, etc.; οἱ πεπτωκότες the fallen, X.Cyr.1.4.24 ;νέκυες πίπτοντες Il.10.200
; ;πεσήματα.. πέπτωκε δοριπετῆ νεκρῶν Id.Andr. 653
;π. ὑπὸ Ἀθηναίων Hdt.9.67
;ὡς.. θάμνοι πρόρριζοι πίπτουσι.., ὣς ἄρ' ὑπ' Ἀτρεΐδῃ πῖπτε κάρηνα Τρώων Il.11.157
, cf. 500, etc. ;τὸ Περσῶν ἄνθος οἴχεται πεσόν A.Pers. 252
.2 fall, be ruined, , cf. Pl.Phlb.22 e;πεσεῖν.. πτώματ' οὐκ ἀνασχετά A.Pr. 919
, cf. Pl.La. 181b ; ; ἀβουλίᾳ, ἐξ ἀβουλίας π., Id.El. 429, 398 ;ἀπὸ σμικροῦ κακοῦ Id.Aj. 1078
; of an army,μεγάλα πεσόντα πρήγματα ὑπὸ ἡσσόνων Hdt.7.18
, cf. Th.2.89 ; ; of a city,π. δορί E.Hec. 5
.3 fall, sink, ἄνεμος πέσε the wind fell, Od.19.202 (but in Hes. Op. 547, Βορέαο πεσόντος is used for ἐμπεσόντος, falling on, blowing on one): metaph,πέπτωκεν κομπάσματα A.Th. 794
, cf. S.Ant. 474 : c. dat., ταῖς ἐλπίσι πεσεῖν fail in one's hopes, Plb.1.87.1.III πίπτειν ἔκ τινος fall out of, lose a thing, unintentionally, σοι ἐκ θυμοῦ πεσέειν fall out of, lose thy favour, Il.23.595 ; ἐξ ἐλπίδων π. E.Fr.420.5 ;τοὔμπαλιν π. φρενῶν Id.Hipp. 390
; also of set purpose, ἐξ ἀρκύων π. escape from.., A.Eu. 147 ;ἔξω τῶν κακῶν Ar.Ra. 970
.2 reversely, πολλὴν ἐς κακότητα π. Thgn.42 ;εἰς ἄτην Sol.13.68
;εἰς δουλοσύνην Id.9.4
;ἐς δάκρυα Hdt.6.21
; ; εἰς ἔρον, ἔριν, ὀργήν, φόβον, ἀνάγκας, E.IT 1172, Fr.578.8, Or. 696, Ph.69, Th.3.82 ; also ἐν γυιοπέδαις π. Pi.P.2.41 ;ἐν μέσοις ἀρκυστάτοις S.El. 1476
; (lyr.) ;ἐν σολοικισμῷ Luc.Sol.3
;πρὸς τόλμαν S.Ichn. 11
: c. dat. only,π. δυσπραξίαις Id.Aj. 759
; , etc.; οὐκ ἔχω ποῖ γνώμης πέσω I know not which way to turn, ib. 705.3 εἰς ὕπνον π. fall asleep, Id.Ph. 826 ; butἐν ὕπνῳ Pi.I.4(3).23
; simply ὕπνῳ, A.Eu.68.4 π. εἰς (ἰατρικὴν) χρῆσιν to be applied to (medicinal) use, Dsc.5.19,151,al.5 π. ὑπ' αἴσθησιν to be accessible to perception, Iamb.Comm.Math.8, in Nic.p.7 P.IV πίπτειν μετὰ ποσσὶ γυναικός to fall between her feet, i.e. to be born, Il.19.110.V of the dice, τὰ δεσποτῶν εὖ πεσόντα θήσομαι I shall count my master's lucky throws my own, A.Ag.32; ;ὥσπερ οἱ κύβοι· οὐ ταὔτ' ἀεὶ πίπτουσιν Alex.34
; ὥσπερ ἐν πτώσει κύβων πρὸς τὰ πεπτωκότα τίθεσθαι τὰ πράγματα according to the throws, Pl.R. 604c ; ὄνασθαι πρὸς τὰ νῦν π. E.Hipp. 718; πρὸς τὸ πῖπτον as matters fall out, Id.El. 639 ; of tossing up with oystershells,κἂν μὲν πίπτῃσι τὰ λεύκ' ἐπάνω Pl.Com.153.5
; of lots, ὁ κλῆρος π. τινί or παρά τινα, Pl.R. 619e, 617e;ἐπί τινα Act.Ap.1.26
: Astrol., π. καλῶς ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης Vett. Val.7.15.2 generally, fall, turn out, εὖ πίπτειν to be lucky, E.Or. 603; παρὰ γνώμαν π. Pi.O.12.10; of a battle, καραδοκήσοντα τὴν μάχην τῇ πεσέεται to wait and see how it would fall, Hdt.7.163, cf. 8.130; λόγων κορυφαὶ ἐν ἀλαθείᾳ π. turn out true, Pi.O.7.69; .3 fall to one, i.e. to his lot, esp. of revenues, accrue,τῷ δήμῳ πρόσοδος ἔπιπτε Plb.30.31.7
;φησιν.. ἑξακισχίλια τάλαντα τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις πεσεῖν Id.2.62.1
; τὴν πεπτωκότα (sic)μοι οἰκίαν BGU251.12
(ii A. D.);τὰ πίπτοντα διάφορα ἐκ τῶν μυστηρίων IG5(1).1390.45
(Andania, i B. C.);τὸ πεσὸν ἀπὸ τῆς τιμῆς ἀργύριον D.H.20.17
; to be paid,τῶν εἰς Καίσαρα πίπτειν ὀφειλόντων ἐξεταστής Str.17.1.12
;τὰ πεπτωκότα εἰς τὸ.. ἱερόν PEleph.10.2
(iii B. C.);π. ἐπὶ τράπεζαν PCair.Zen.236.7
(iii B. C.), PLond.3.1200.1 (ii B. C.) ;μὴ πιπτόντων τῶν τόκων BMus.Inscr.1032.40
([place name] Teos) ; πέπτωκεν ἁλικῆς διά τινος .. Ostr.Bodl.i3 (iii B. C.) (but τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν προσόδων πίπτοντα deficiencies, IPE12.32B 75 ([place name] Olbia)).VII fall under, belong to a class,εἰς γένη ταῦτα Arist.Metaph. 1005a2
, al.; ἐπὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἐπιστήμην ib. 982b8 ;ὑπὸ τὴν αὐτὴν μέθοδον Id.Top. 102a37
, cf. 151a15 ;ὑπὸ τέχνην οὐδεμίαν Id.EN 1104a8
; ;τὸ μακάριον ἐνταῦθα πεπτωκέναι Epicur.Ep.1p.28U.
;ὅσα πέπτωκεν ὑπὸ τὴν.. ἱστορίαν Plb.2.14.7
. -
15 τίθημι
Aτιθεῖς Pi.P.8.11
, S.Ph. 992 cod. B ( τιθείς LA rec.), E.Cyc. 545 codd. Lp (- θείς P, l), Alc. codd. pler., corrupted to Stob., Arr.Epict.3.22.76, Pl.Euthd. 301e ([etym.] ἐπι-), Lib. Or.46.28 ([etym.] προς-) ; ἐν-τιθεῖς (v.l. -εὶς) Ar.Eq. 717;περι-τιθεῖς BGU 1141.19
(i B.C.); but τίθης is found in Pl.R.l.c. codd. AD, Ar. l.c. cod. A, Lib.Or.27.11 ([etym.] προς-), etc., and is taught by Choerob. in Theod. 2.328 H.; [dialect] Ep.τίθησθα Od.9.404
, 24.476, and so in [dialect] Aeol., Alc.Supp.4.27 (τίθεισθα Hsch.
); [ per.] 3sg.τίθησι Il.4.83
, al., and [dialect] Att.; [dialect] Dor. (Megara, iv B.C.), Theoc.3.48; [ per.] 3pl.τιθέασι Th.5.96
, Alex.128; [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion.τιθεῖσι Il.16.262
, Hes.Th. 597, Hdt.2.91 (also A.Ag. 466 (lyr.)); [dialect] Aeol. τίθεισι ([etym.] προ-) Schwyzer 631 A 2 (ii B.C.); [dialect] Dor.τίθεντι IG12(3).103.10
([place name] Nisvrus); [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3sg.τιθεῖ Il.13.732
, Mimn.1.6, Hdt. 1.113, also Arc., SIG559.16 (Megalop., iii B.C. ) (τιθῶ Luc.Ocyp.43
,81, διατιθῶ cited by A.D.Synt.290.6): [tense] impf. ; , Ar.Nu.59 ([etym.] ἐν-), etc.;ἐτίθει Il.18.541
, al., Ar.Ach. 532, Nu. 63 ([etym.] προς-), etc., [dialect] Ep.τίθει Il.1.441
, al.; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.τίθεσαν Od.22.456
;τίθεν Pi.P.3.65
;πρό-τιθεν Od.1.112
(Aristarch.); lateἐτίθουν Act.Ap.4.35
; [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf. τίθεσκον Hes Fr.112; ἐτίθεα ([etym.] ὑπερ-) Hdt.3.155: imper.τίθει Il.1.509
, etc.; inf. τιθέναι, not in Hom. or Hes.; [dialect] Ep.τιθήμεναι Il.23.83
; , Pi.P.1.40;τιθεῖν Thgn.286
, IG12(9).189.5 ([place name] Eretria); written (Phrygia, iv A.D.); part. τιθείς, but [dialect] Ion. pl. τιθεῦντες v.l. in Hdt.2.91: [tense] fut. θήσω, [dialect] Ep. inf.θησέμεναι Il.12.35
,θησέμεν Pi.P.10.58
: [tense] aor.1 ἔθηκα, only used in indic., and mostly in sg., for though [ per.] 3pl. is common, the 1 and [ per.] 2pl. are rare, X.Mem.4.2.15, ([etym.] ἀν-) Hyp.Eux.9; even ἔθηκαν is very rare in early Attic,ἀνέθηκαν IG2.1620d
, 22.2971 (both iv B.C.), but is found in Plb.8.4.4, etc.; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.θῆκαν Il.24.795
, etc.: [tense] aor. 2 ἔθην, not used in indic. sg., whereas pl. is very common, ἔθεμεν, ἔθετε, ἔθεσαν, [dialect] Ep.θέσαν 12.29
, etc.; imper. , etc.; [dialect] Lacon. [ per.] 3sg. σέτω ib. 1081; subj. θῶ, [dialect] Aeol. and [dialect] Ion.θέω Sapph.12
, ([etym.] προς-) Hdt.1.108, [dialect] Ep.θείω Il.16.83
, al. (for Θή-ω); [dialect] Ep. 2 and [ per.] 3sg. θήῃς, θήῃ, 6.432, 16.96, Od.10.301, 341 (sts. with the opt. forms θείης, θείη as v.l.); [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 1pl. θέωμεν (disyll.) 24.485, θείομεν (for Θήο-μεν, short-vowel subjunctive) Il.23.244, Od.13.364; opt. θείην, [ per.] 1pl.θεῖμεν 12.347
, Pl.Prt. 343e ( θείημεν codd. BT),προς-θεῖμεν Id.R. 370d
, andκατα-θεῖτε D.14.27
; [ per.] 3pl. ; inf. θεῖναι, [dialect] Ep.θέμεναι Il.2.285
,θέμεν Od.21.3
, Hes.Op.61,67; [dialect] Dor.θέμειν IG 12(1).677.13
(Rhodes, iv B.C.); part.θείς Il.23.254
, etc.: [tense] pf. τέθηκα [dialect] Att. Inscrr., IG22.2490.7 (iv B.C.), ([etym.] ἀνα-) ib.839.38, 1299.44, 1534.76, also at Delos, ib.11(2).161 A6 (iii B.C.), etc., and in Papyri, POxy. 1087.42 (i B.C.); (iii B.C.), ([etym.] ὑπο-) PPetr.3p.53 (iii B.C.), ([etym.] ἐκ-) UPZ62.4 (ii B.C.), ([etym.] ἀνα-) IG22.1011.71,80 (ii B.C.), ([etym.] προς-) Str.1.2.23; hence some editors restore τέθηκα for τέθεικα in Attic authors, as X.Mem.4.4.19, D.20.55, 22.16, 27.36, Alex.15.13; Phocian [ per.] 3pl.ἀνα-τεθέκαντι BCH59.202
([place name] Daulis):—[voice] Med. τίθεμαι, [ per.] 2sg. ; τίθη or τίθῃ dub. in PTeb.768.9 (ii B.C.); as [voice] Pass., AP11.300 (Pall.); imper. , Pl. Sph. 237b, , [dialect] Dor. τίθευσο cj. in AP9.564 (Nic., τιθεύσω cod., τίθεσσο Plan., cf. ἀφίκευσο); [dialect] Ep. part.τιθήμενος Il.10.34
: [tense] fut.θήσομαι 24.402
, etc.: [tense] aor. 1 ἒθηκάμην, only in indic. and part., and never in [dialect] Att.; [ per.] 2sg.ἐθήκαο Theoc.29.18
; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg.θήκατο Il.10.31
, Hes.Sc. 128; part.θηκάμενος Thgn.1150
, Pi.P.4.29: [tense] aor. 2ἐθέμην Il.2.750
, etc.; [dialect] Ep. and Lyr. [ per.] 3sg.θέτο 10.149
, Pi.N.10.89; imper.θέο Od. 10.333
, ; subj. , etc.; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 2sg.θῆαι Od. 19.403
; opt. , etc.; [ per.] 3sg.θεῖτο Od.17.225
, A.Pr. 527 (lyr.), Pl.Tht. 195c, etc. (πρός-θοιτο, -θοισθε, ἔν-θοιτο are found in D. 11.6, 21.188, 34.17, butπρος-θεῖτο Id.6.12
codd.; ἐπιθοίμεθα, -θοιντο, Th.6.34,11; cf.τιθοῖτο X.Mem.3.8.10
): [tense] pf. (v. infr.):—[voice] Pass. (Milet., v B.C.), Pl.Lg. 705e, 744a: [tense] fut. , Pl.Lg. 730b, D.24.17: [tense] aor. , Lys.31.28, etc. (ἐθέθην IG14.862
(Cumae, vi B.C.)): [tense] pf. τέθειμαι, rare in early Gr., LXX 1 Ki.9.24, Ev.Marc.15.47, ([etym.] προς-) Arist.Mech. 853a35; inf. codd. (but f.l.); part.τεθειμένος Demad.12
, ([etym.] προ-) X.Hier.9.11, ([etym.] δια-) Men.591; also used in med. sense, D.21.49, SIG705.17 (Delph., ii B.C.), BGU1735.11 (i B.C.), Luc.Somn.9, ([etym.] ἐν-) D.34.16, ([etym.] προ-) Supp.Epigr.7.62.6 (Seleucia Pieria, ii B.C.), ([etym.] συν-) OGI229.62 (Smyrna, iii B.C.); ὑπεκ-τεθημένος (sic) BCH54.269 (Rhamnus, iii B.C.); ἀνα-τέθηται (pass. sense) Phld.Mus.p.81 K.; Phocian [tense] pf. part. (med. sense)ἀνα-τεθεμένος BCH59.202
([place name] Daulis):— the [voice] Pass. never occurs in Hom., and is generally rare, κεῖμαι being used instead.A in local sense, set, put, place,λίθον Il.21.405
, cf. IG12.373.10, al.;θεμείλια Il.12.29
; τέρματα τ. Od.8.193; κλισίην, θρόνον τ. τινί, set a stool or chair for him, 4.123, 8.65 (so in [voice] Med., set for oneself,δίφρον 20.387
);ἐκελήσατο θέμεν τὰν κλίναν, ἐφ' ἇς τὰν Σωστράταν ἔφερον
lay down,IG
42(1).122.31 (Epid., iv B.C.); πόδα τ. plant the foot, i.e. walk, run, A.Eu. 294, E.IT32: so in [voice] Med., τετράποδος βάσιν θηρὸς τιθέμενος, i.e. going on all fours, Id.Hec. 1059 (lyr.): the mode is expressed by Advbs. or Preps.,a with Advbs., τ. τι πυρὸς ἐγγύς, ἀπάνευθε πυρός, Od.14.518, Il.18.412;προπάροιθε ποδῶν 20.324
;χαμαὶ τ. τὸν πόδα A.Ag. 906
; τὰ ἄνω κάτω and τὰ κάτω ἄνω τ. Hdt.3.3, cf. A.Eu. 651, etc.: with Advbs. implying motion,ἄλλοσε θῆκε Od.23.184
, 204;ἔχεις.. ὅποι θήσεις Pl.R. 479c
:—[voice] Med.,ὅποι.. τιθοῖτο X.Mem.3.8.10
.b with Preps. of local sense, ([voice] Med.,ἀμφ' ὤμοισι τιθήμενον ἔντεα Il.10.34
); ἀνά τινι or τι, asἂμ βωμοῖσι Il.8.441
;ἀνὰ μυρίκην 10.466
; ἐπί τινος, τινι, or τι, asεἵματα ἐπ' ἀπήνης Od.6.252
, cf. Il.16.223, etc.;ἐπὶ κρατὶ κυνέην 15.480
; (v. infr.111.2); ἐπὶ [θρόνον τὰ ἱμάτια] Hdt.1.9, cf. A.Supp. 483, etc.; τὴν ἀρχὴν (sc. τοῦ ἐπιδέσμου) κατὰ μεσοφρύου, ἐπὶ ἰνίον, etc., Sor.Fasc.1,2, al.; ὑπό τινι or τι, asδέμνι' ὑπ' αἰθούσῃ Il.24.644
;ἀμβροσίην ὑπὸ ῥῖνά τινι Od.4.445
: most freq. with the Preps. ἐν or εἰς, put in or put into.., asθῆκεν ἐν ἀκμοθέτῳ ἄκμονα Il.18.476
;τόξα ἐν πυρί 5.215
;ἐν κίστῃ ἐδωδήν Od.6.76
; ἐν λεχέεσσι θ. [τινά] Il.18.352 (so in [voice] Med., ἐς δίφρον ἄρνας θέτο put into the car, 3.310;ὁ θεὸς ἔθετο τὰ μέλη ἐν τῷ σώματι 1 Ep.Cor.12.18
); ἐς λάρνακα, ἐς κάπετον, Il.24.795, 797; ([voice] Med.,ἐν τάφοισι θέσθε Id.OC 1410
), cf. Ant. 504, Tr. 1254.c in Poets also with dat. only,χρήματα μυχῷ ἄντρου Od.13.364
(so in [voice] Med.,κολεῷ ἄορ θέο 10.333
), cf. S.Tr. 691, E.Hel. 1064.--The same constructions will be found under many of the following heads.II Special phrases:1 θεῖναί τινί τι ἐν χερσίν, ἐν χειρί, put it in his hands, Il.1.441, 585, etc.; ἐν χερσί orχείρεσσί τινος 6.482
, 23.597;οἶνον Ὀδυσσῆϊ ἐν χείρεσσι Od.14.448
; ἐς χεῖρά τινος into his hand, S.Aj. 751.2 of women, θέσθαι παῖδα, υἱὸν ὑπὸ ζώνῃ, to have a child put under her girdle, i.e. to conceive, h.Ven. 255, 282.3 ἐν ὄμμασι θέσθαι set before one's eyes, Pi.N.8.43.5 θέσθαι τὴν ψῆφον lay one's voting-pebble on the altar, put it into the urn, : hence simply, give one's vote, ἐπὶ φόνῳ for death, E.Or. 756 (troch.); ἑωυτῷ in one's own favour, Hdt.8.123;σὺν τῷ νόμῳ X.Cyr.1.3.17
; εὔφρονα, δικαίαν τὴν ψῆφον τ., A.Supp. 640 (lyr.), Lycurg.128, etc.; and in [voice] Pass., : also γνώμην θέσθαι, c. inf., give one's opinion, Hdt.7.82;περὶ ἡμῶν And.3.21
: τίθεσθαι abs., vote, codd. (anap., γνώμην Lambinus), Hld.2.29;μετά τινος A.Supp. 644
(lyr.);ἐναντία τινί Pl.Phlb. 58b
; τινι S.E.P.2.37 codd., Lib.Decl.1.65.6 in Hom., θεῖναί τινί τι ἐν στήθεσσι, ἐν φρεσί, etc., put or plant it in his heart,ἐν στήθεσσι τιθεῖ νόον Il.13.732
; βουλὴν ἐν στήθεσσι τ. 17.470;ἔπος ἐν φρεσί 19.121
, al.; alsoμένος δέ οἱ ἐν φρεσὶ θῆκε 21.145
:—[voice] Med., ἄγριον ἐν στήθεσσι θέτο θυμόν laid up wrath in his heart, treasured it there, 9.629; ; τοῖσιν κότον αἰνὸν ἔθεσθε harboured enmity against them, 8.449;καθαρὸν θέμενος νόον Thgn.89
;θέμενος ἄγναμπτον νόον A.Pr. 164
(lyr.); ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θέσθαι, c. inf., bear in mind, think of doing a thing, Od.4.729;θ. [τι] ἐν καρδίᾳ Ev.Luc. 1.66
.7 deposit, as in a bank,τὰ πρυτανεῖα πρὸς τοὺς ἄρχοντας IG12.22.33
; ;ἐνέχυρον τιθέναι τι Ar.Pl. 451
, cf. Ec. 755, D.41.11, PEnteux.32.7 (iii B.C.), etc.:—[voice] Med., .ά, cf. Od.13.207;τὴν τιμὴν θήσονται ἐπὶ τὴν τράπεζαν, ἕως.. PCair.Zen.723.11
(iii B.C.);ἐγγύην θέσθαι A.Eu. 898
;συνθήκας παρά τινι Lycurg.23
:—[voice] Pass.,τὰ ληφθέντα καὶ τὰ τεθεντα D.49.5
(but [voice] Act. and [voice] Med. are sts. distd., ὁ θείς the mortgagor, ὁ θέμενος the mortgagee, , cf. Hyp.Fr. 169, D.53.10; τίθεσθαι seems to have the same meaning as ὑποτίθεσθαι in IG22.43.41, 2758.4, 12(7).55.12 (Arcesine, iv/iii B.C.), but the two are distd. in Supp.Epigr.3.760 (Euboea, iv B.C.)): metaph., χάριν or χάριτα θέσθαι τινί deposit a claim for favour with one, lay an obligation on one, Hdt.9.60, 107, cf. A.Pr. 783, etc.8 pay down, pay, τόκον, εἰσφοράν, μετοίκιον, D.41.9, 22.43, 29.3;τὸ γιγνόμενον Id.18.104
;τὸν πριάμενον ἑκατοστὴν τιθέναι τῆς τιμῆς Thphr.Fr.97.1
;τὴν τιμήν PRev.Laws 18.13
(iii B.C.);τὰ μέρη PCair.Zen.218.33
(iii B.C.); [τὰς δραχμὰς] εἰς ἀνήλωμα τοῦ πλοίου ib.753.64 (iii B.C.):—[voice] Med.,θέμενος ἀρραβῶνα PFlor.303.3
(vi A.D.).b place to account, reckon, D.27.34,36, 28.13;θήσω εἰς δύο παῖδας χιλίας δραχμὰς ἑκάστου ἐνιαυτοῦ Lys.32.28
, cf. ib.21:—metaph. in [voice] Med., ; τἀγαθὰ ἐς ἀμφίβολον ἀσφαλῶς ἔθεντο reckoned as doubtful, Th.4.18.10 in military language, τίθεσθαι or θέσθαι τὰ ὅπλα has four senses,a rest arms, i.e. halt, with arms in an easy position but ready for action, Th.4.44,93, 7.3; θέμενοι ἐς τὴν ἀγορὰν τὰ ὅπλα advancing to the market-place and resting arms there, Id.2.2, cf. Hdt.9.52, X.An.1.5.14, 17, 1.6.4, etc.; εἰς τάξιν τὰ ὅπλα τ. ib.2.2.21, 5.4.11; so ἐν τάξει ib.2.2.8; ἀντία τισί over against them, Hdt.5.74 (in 1.62 ἀντία ἔθεντο τὰ ὅπλα over against it (the temple)); poet., πάτρας ἕνεκα εἰς δῆριν ἔθεντο ὅπλα Inscr. ap. D.18.289.b bear arms, fight,τὸ θυμοειδὲς.. ἐν τῇ τῆς ψυχῆς στάσει τίθεσθαι τὰ ὅπλα πρὸς τὸ λογιστικόν Pl.R. 440e
;τοῦ δήμου.. παρακαλοῦντος τοὺς στρατιώτας τίθεσθαι πρὸς τὴν πόλιν IG22.666.10
;ὃς ἂν μὴ θῆται τὰ ὅπλα μηδὲ μεθ' ἑτέρων Arist.Ath.8.5
, cf. Lys.31.14, D.21.145; so ὁπόσοιπερ ἂν ὅπλα ἱππικὰ ἢ πεζικὰ τιθῶνται who serve on horseback or on foot, Pl.Lg. 753b, cf. 756a;ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶ τὰ ὅπλα θέσθαι Plu.Cim.5
.c lay down one's arms, surrender, D.S.20.31,45; so, without the idea of surrender, θέσθαι τὰς ἀσπίδας X.HG2.4.12 (but [voice] Act.,τὰ ὅπλα θείς Plu.2.759a
).d τὰ ὅπλα εὖ τίθεσθε keep your arms in good order, X.Cyr.4.5.3;εὖ ἀσπίδα θέσθω Il.2.382
.II lay in the grave, bury, (freq. with words added, ἐν τάφοισι, ἐς ταφάς, etc., v. supr. 1 b); ποῦ σφε θήσομεν χθονός; A.Th. 1006 (lyr.):— [voice] Pass.,τὰ δὲ ὀστᾶ φασι.. τεθῆναι.. ἐν τῇ Ἀττικῇ Th.1.138
, cf. Pl.Mx. 242c, Lg. 947e;ἄλλῳ δὲ μηδενὶ ἐξεῖναι ἐν τῷ πυργίσκῳ τεθῆναι μετὰ τὸ ἐνταφῆναι αὐτήν· ἐπεὶ ὁ θείς τινα ἀσεβὴς ἔστω θεοῖς καταχθονίοις TAM 2(1).51
([place name] Telmessus), cf. 55, al., AJP48.30 ([place name] Apamea), Supp.Epigr. 6.221 ([place name] Phrygia), etc.III set up, of the prizes in games,ἄεθλα Il.23.263
, etc.; ἀέθλιον ib. 748; (so in [voice] Pass., τὰ τιθέμενα the prizes, D.61.25); also with the object offered as the prize, τ. δέπας, βοῦν, σόλον, etc., Il.23.656, 750, 826, al., cf. Hdt. 1.144, S.Aj. 573:—this is more fully expressed by ἐς μέσσον τ., Il.23.704: after Hom. more generally, lay before people as common property, ; ; so alsoτ. τι εἰς τὸ κοινὸν X.Mem.3.14.1
; reading and sense are doubtful in A.Ch. 145.2 set up in a temple, dedicate,ἀγάλματα Od.12.347
;τάσδε.. θεοῖς ἀσπίδας ἔθηκε E.Ph. 576
; so perh. Il.6.92 (v. supr. 1b).IV assign, award,τιμήν τινι Il.24.57
;ὄνομά τινι Pl.Sph. 244d
: esp. in [voice] Med., ὄνομα (or οὔνομα) θέσθαι τινί give a child a name at one's own discretion, Od.18.5, 19.406 (in 19.403 with v.l. θείης), Hdt.1.107, 113, cf. E.Ph.13: ellipt., withoutὄνομα, ᾧ δὴ ἀθροίς ματι ἄνθρωπόν τε τίθενται καὶ λίθον Pl.Tht. 157b
, cf. Cra. 402b: pleonast., .V τιθέναι νόμον down or give a law, of a legislator, S.El. 580, E.Alc.57, Ar.Ach. 532, Pl.R. 339c, D.24.99, etc.:—so in [voice] Med., of Solon, Hdt.1.29; of a people, state, or legislature, give oneself a law, make a law, Pl.R. 338e, Isoc.3.6, Arist. Pol. 1289a14 ([voice] Pass.,τίθεται νόμος Ar.Nu. 1425
, Pl.Lg. 705e, 744a; τιμωρίαι.. ἐτέθησαν ib. 943d); alsoθήσω θεσμόν A.Eu. 484
;κήρυγμα θεῖναι S.Ant.8
; σκῆψιν τιθέναι allege an excuse, Id.El. 584: c. acc. et inf., order matters so that.., [ὁ Λυκοῦργος] ἔθηκε θύειν βασιλέα πρὸ τῆς πόλεως τὰ δημόσια ἅπαντα X.Lac.15.2
, cf. 1.5, 2.11; without inf., : c. dat. et inf.,γυναιξὶ σωφρονεῖν.. θήσει Id.Tr. 1057
.2 [voice] Med., agree upon,ἡμέραν θέσθαι D.42.1
,13; so θ. συγγραφήν, ὁμολογίαν, σύμβολόν τινι, etc., PEleph. 2.16 (iii B.C.), PGoodsp.Cair. 6ii 2 (ii B.C.), PRein.11.9 (ii B.C.), etc.3 execute a document. τ. διαθήκην make a will, Stud.Pal.1.6.3 (v A.D.): so in [voice] Med., PSI10.1119.16 (ii A.D.); θέσθαι τινὸς ἀπαρχήν make out a person's birth-certificate, ib.9.1067.15 (iii B.C.), etc.VI establish, institute, , cf. X.An.1.2.10; ἐν τοῖς ἀγώνοις οἷς ἁ πόλις τίφητι (sic) Delph.3(3).120.17 (ii B.C.);πενταετηρίδα Pi.O.3.21
.VII dispose, order, ordain, bring to pass, of gods,οὕτω νῦν Ζεὺς θείη Od.8.465
, 15.180;ὣς ἄο' ἔμελλον θησέμεναι Il.12.35
; [Ζεὺς] τίθησ' ὅπῃ θέλει Semon.1.2
; τὰ δ' ἄλλα πάντ' ἄνω τε καὶ κάτω στρέφων τίθησιν (sc. Ζεύς) A.Eu. 651; πάντα παγκάκως θεοὶ θέσαν cj. in Id.Pers. 283 (lyr.);τέλος δ' ἔθηκε Ζεὺς.. καλῶς S.Tr. 26
; κόσμῳ θέντες, as etym. of θεοί, Hdt.2.52; of human beings, administer, manage, [τι] κακῶς θέμεν, εὖ θέμεν, Thgn.845, 846;τὰ δ' ἄλλα φροντὶς.. θήσει δικαίως A.Ag. 913
; ἐγὼ καὶ σὺ θήσομεν κρατοῦντε τῶνδε δωμάτων καλῶς ib. 1673 (troch.);ταῦτ' ἐγὼ θήσω καλῶς E.Hipp. 521
, cf. Andr. 737;τὰ παρ' ὑμῶν εὖ τίθει Ar.Lys. 243
;τ. τὰ τῶν φίλων ἀσφαλῶς X.Ages.11.12
; :—[voice] Med., administer for oneself,οἶκον εὖ θέσθαι Hes.Op.23
;ἄνδρας σοφοὺς χρὴ τὸ παρὸν πρᾶγμα καλῶς εἰς δύναμιν τίθεσθαι Cratin. 172
(lyr.), cf. D.23.134, Anon.ap Suid.s.v. τίθεσθαι, Hsch.s.v.τὸ παρὸν εὖ τίθεσο; ἐν ἀπόρῳ εἴχοντο θέσθαι τὸ παρόν Th.1.25
; τὸ παρὸν εὖ θέσθαι make the best of one's resources or situation, Luc.Nec.21, M. Ant.6.2, cf. Aristid.2.35 J.; ;τὰ παρόντα θέσθαι καλῶς Ach.Tat.5.11
;τὰ σεωυτοῦ τιθέμενος εὖ Hdt.7.236
;τὰ οἰκεῖα εὖ θέμενον Pl.R. 443d
; ;τὰ πάντα ὅπως ἂν αὐτῇ ἡδὺ ᾖ οὕτως τίθεσθαι X.Mem.1.4.17
;εἰ μὴ θήσομαι τἄμ' ὡς ἄριστα E.Andr. 378
;τὸ σαυτοῦ θέμενος εὖ Id.IT 1003
, cf. Ba.49, HF 605, 938, Hipp. 709, Dionys.Eleg.1.5;τὰ πρὶν εὖ θέμενος S.El. 1434
; συνετῶν ἀνδρῶν (sc. εἶναι), πρὶν γενέσθαι τὰ δυσχερῆ, προνοῆσαι ὅπως μὴ γένηται· ἀνδρείων δέ, γενόμενα εὖ θέσθαι Pittac.
ap. D.L.1.78; τὸ κοινῶς φοβερὸν ἅπαντας εὖ θέσθαι that all should face the common danger, Th.4.61; of wars, quarrels, etc., bring them to a successful issue, but sts. put a good face on them, patch them up,ἕως ἂν τὸν πόλεμον εὖ θῶνται Id.8.84
;θήσονται τὸν πόλεμον ᾗ βούλονται Id.1.31
; πόλεμον ἀραμένους οὐ ῥᾴδιον εὐπρεπῶς θέσθαι ib.82;ὅτῳ τρόπῳ.. τὸ σφέτερον ἀπρεπὲς εὖ θήσονται Id.6.11
; ;τὸν τρὸς τοὺς Ἐλευσῖνι πόλεμον ὡς μετρίως ἔθεντο Pl.Mx. 243e
; ἄμεινον ἢ τότε ἐθέμεθα τὸν πόλεμον ib. 245e; : abs.,θέσθαι καλῶς S.Fr. 350
:—pass.,εἰ τεθήσεται κατὰ νοῦν τὰ πράγματα Th.4.120
.2 in the game of πεττεία, κυβεία, Lat. tesserae (cf. Ter.Adelph.739), to place as skilfully as possible the pieces which have been assigned to one by the luck of the dice,πεττείᾳ τινὶ ἔοικεν ὁ βίος, καὶ δεῖ ὥσπερ ψῆφόν τινα τίθεσθαι τὸ συμβαῖνον Socr.
ap. Stob.4.56.39;ὥσπερ ἐν πτώσει κύβων πρὸς τὰ πεπτωκότα τίθεσθαι τὰ αὑτοῦ πράγματα ὅπῃ ὁ λόγος αἱρεῖ βέλτιστ' ἂν ἔχειν Pl.R. 604c
, cf. Plu.Pyrrh.26;στέργειν δὲ τἀκπεσόντα καὶ θέσθαι πρέπει σοφὸν κυβευτήν S.Fr. 947
; τὰ δεσποτῶν γὰρ εὖ πεσόντα θήσομαι I will take advantage of my master's good luck, A.Ag.32: many of the passages cited in A. v11. I may be metaph. applications of this sense.B put in a certain state or condition, much the same as ποιεῖν, ποιεῖσθαι, and so often to be rendered by our make:I folld. by an attributive Subst., make one something, with the predicate in apposition, θεῖναί τινα αἰχμητήν, ἱέρειαν, μάντιν, etc., Il.1.290, 6.300, Od.15.253, etc.;θ. τινὰ ἀρχέπολιν Pi.P.9.54
; θεῖναί τινα ἄλοχόν τινος make her another's wife, of a third person who negotiates a marriage, Il.19.298 (for [voice] Med., v. infr. 3); ἥτε με τοῖον ἔθηκεν ὅπως ἐθέλει who has made me such as she will, Od.16.208; σῦς ἔθηκας ἑταίρους thou hast made my comrades swine, 10.338; so [νῆα] λᾶαν ἔθηκε 13.163
, cf. Il.2.319, etc.;ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποπόδιον LXX Ps.109(110).1
; but γέλων ἔθηκε συνδείπνοις caused them laughter, E. Ion 1172; λόγους εἰς μέτρα τ. put them into verse, Pl. Lg. 669d.2 with an Adj. for the attributive, θεῖναί τινα ἀθάνατον καὶ ἀγήρων make him undying and undecaying, Od.5.136; πηρόν, τυφλόν, ἀφνειὸν τ. τινά, Il.2.599, 6.139, 9.483;τὸν μὲν.. θῆκε μείζονά τ' εἰσιδέειν καὶ πάσσονα Od.6.229
, cf. 18.195, Pl.Prt. 344d.b of things, ἅλιον πόνον, πόνον οὐκ ἀτέλεστον, πάντα μεταμώνια, Il.4.26,57, 363;ὄλεθρον ἀπευθέα θῆκε Κρονίων Od.3.88
, cf. 11.274;ἀποίητον θέμεν ἔργων τέλος Pi.O.2.17
;ἀρὰν τ. ἀλαθῆ A.Th. 944
(lyr.); ἀναστάτους οἴκους τ. S.Ant. 674; ; τὸ πραχθὲν ἀγένητον τ. Pl.Prt. 324b.3 freq. in [voice] Med., γυναῖκα or ἄκοιτιν θέσθαι τινά make her one's wife, Od.21.72, 316, B.5.169; παῖδα τὸν αὑτᾶς πόσιν θ. take her own son as husband, A.Th. 929 (lyr.).b υἱὸν θέσθαι τινά, like ποιεῖσθαι, make one's son, adopt, Pl.Lg. 929c, etc.: abs., θέσθαι τινά adopt, Plu.Aem.5.c generally,προσφιλῆ θέσθαι τινά S.Ph. 532
; but φίλον ἐμαυτῷ θ. deem my friend, Id.Ant. 188; γέλωτα θέσθαι τινά make him one's butt, Hdt.3.29, 7.209.4 c. inf., make one do so and so, τιθέναι τινὰ νικᾶσαι make him conquer, Pi.N.10.48 (dub.);μετατραπεῖν Id.Fr. 177
; (lyr.), cf. 1036, 1174 (lyr.), E.Med. 718, Heracl. 990, etc.II in reference to mental action, when [voice] Med. is more freq. than [voice] Act., lay down. assume, hold, reckon or regard as.., τί δ' ἐλέγχεα ταῦτα τίθεσθε; Od.21.333; (lyr.); , cf. 430b ([voice] Med.); θὲς δή μοι.. now suppose so and so, Id.Tht. 191c;εὐεργέτημά τι θεῖναι D.1.10
; withὡς, θέντες ὡς ὑπάρχον εἶναι ὃ βούλονται Pl.R. 458a
, cf. Phd. 100a;μὴ τοῦτο ὡς ἀδίκημα θῇς D.18.193
.2 folld. by Advbs., ποῦ χρὴ τίθεσθαι ταῦτα; in what light must we regard these things? S.Ph. 451; οὐδαμοῦ τιθέναι τι hold of no account, E.Andr. 210; πρόσθεν or ἐπίπροσθέν τινος τιθέναι τι, Id.Hec. 129 (anap.), Supp. 515; πόρρω τίθεσθαί τί τινων set far below.., D.18.299.3 folld. by Preps.,τ. τινὰ ἐν φιλοσόφοις Pl.R. 475d
;ἐν τοῖς φίλοις X.Mem.2.4.4
; also εἰς ὁποτέραν (of two classes) Pl.Sph. 264c; εἰς τὸν δῆμον, εἰς τοὺς πλουσίους, X.Mem.4.2.39; alsoοὐκ ἐν λόγῳ τίθεσθαί τινα Tyrt.12.1
;ἐν τιμῇ τίθεσθαί τινα Hdt.3.3
;ἐν αἰτίῃ τιθέναι τινά Id.8.99
; ἐν οἰωνῷ τινι τοῦ μέλλοντος, ἐν ἐπαίνῳ, ἐν γέλωτι τίθεσθαι, Plu.Alex.31, Cat.Ma.20, TG17; θέσθαι παρ' οὐδέν set at naught, A.Ag. 230 (lyr.), E.IT 732, cf. Pl.Phdr. 252a (but (i B.C.), Supp.Epigr.7.1.6 (Susa, i A.D., Epist.Artabani));ἐν παρέργῳ θοῦ με S.Ph. 473
; πάντα ταῦτ' ἐν εὐχερεῖ ἔθου ib. 876;ταῦτ' ἐν αἰσχρῷ θέμενος E. Hec. 806
;ἐν ἀδικήματι θέσθαι τι Th.1.35
;ἐν ἀδικήματος μέρει τιθέναι τι D.23.148
; θέσθαι τὰ δίκαια ἔκ τινος estimate them by.., Id.8.8.4 c. partit. gen., ἐμὲ θὲς τῶν πεπεις μένων put me down as one of the convinced, Pl.R. 424c, cf. 376e, 437b; τῆς ἡμετέρας ἀμελείας ἄν τις θείη might reckon it as due to our carelessness, D.1.10.5 c. inf., οὐ τίθημ' ἐγὼ ζῆν τοῦτον I hold not that he lives, count him not as living, S.Ant. 1166: so in [voice] Med., Pl.Phd. 93c, D. 25.43,44: rarely c. part., θήσω ἀδικοῦντα [αὐτόν] Id.23.76, cf. Pl. Prt. 343e, Ap. 27c.6 elliptically, lay down, assume, θῶμεν δύο εἴδη (sc. εἶναι) Id.Phd. 79a, etc.; θήσω οὕτω (sc. εἶναί τι) D.23.85, cf. Arist.Pol. 1290a30.7 affirm, opp. αἴρω (deny), τὸ ἐπέκεινα ὄντος οὐ τόδε λέγει- οὐ γὰρ τίθησιν-- the phrase 'beyond being' does not denote a 'this' (for it is not an affirmation), Plot.5.5.6.C without any attributive word following, make, work, execute, of an artist,ἐν δ' ἐτίθει νειόν Il.18.541
, cf. 550, 561, 607; [δόρπον] θησέμεναι Od.20.394
.2 make, cause, bring to pass,ἔργα Il.3.321
;τ. κέλαδον καὶ ἀϋτήν 9.547
;ὀρυμαγδόν Od.9.235
;ἔριν μετ' ἀμφοτέροισιν 3.136
; φιλότητα, ὅρκια μετ' ἀμφ., Il.4.83, Od.24.546: c. dat. pers.,σῆμα τιθεὶς Τρώεσσι Il.8.171
; , etc.;πᾶσι δ' ἔθηκε πόνον 21.524
, cf. 15.721, 16.262; 6, etc.;χάρματ' ἄλλοις ἔθηκεν Pi.O.2.99
;πόλει κατασκαφὰς θέντες A. Th.47
;εἰρήνην φίλοις Id.Pers. 769
;αἷμα θήσεις E.Ba. 837
(s. v.l.).3 freq. in [voice] Med., make or prepare for oneself, θέσθαι κέλευθον make oneself a road, open a way, Il.12.418;θέτο δῶμα Od.15.241
; τίθεντο δὲ δαῖτα, δόρπα, Il.7.475, 9.88 (but δαῖτα τίθενται are holding a feast, Od.17.269); μεγάλην ἐπιγουνίδα θέσθαι to make oneself, get a large thigh, Od.17.225; θέσθαι μάχην engage in.., Il.24.402; ; ἱδρῶτα τίθεσθαι have an access of perspiration, Hp.Decent.2; μαρτύρια θέσθαι produce as testimony, Hdt.8.55; ἀνδρὸς αἰδοίου πρόσοψιν θηκάμενος putting on the aspect of a reverend man, Pi.P.4.29, cf. Hsch. s.v. θήκατο; πόνον πλέω τίθου work thyself the more annoy, A.Eu. 226;εὐκλεᾶ θέσθαι βίον S.Ph. 1422
, etc.4 periphr. for a single Verb. μνηστήρων σκέδασιν θεῖναι make a scattering, Od.1.116; θέμεν κρυφόν, νέμεσιν, αἶνον, for κρύπτειν, νεμεσῦν, αἰνεῖν, Pi.O.2.97, 8.86, N.1.5;μὴ σχολὴν τίθει A. Ag. 1059
; ὑμῖν ἔθηκε σὺν θεοῖς σωτηρίαν (v.l. προμηθίαν) E.Med. 915:— also in [voice] Med., θέσθαι μάχην, for μάχεσθαι, Il.24.402; θέσθαι θυσίαν, γάμον, for θύειν, γαμεῖσθαι, Pi.O.7.42, 13.53; σπουδήν, πρόνοιαν θέσθαι, S.Aj.13, 536, cf. Pi.P.4.276;θ. ἐπιστροφὴν πρό τινος S.OT 134
;περὶ τούτων οἰκονομίας PEnteux.22.6
(iii B.C.); and c. gen., θ. λησμοσύναν, συγγνωμοσύνην τινῶν, S.Ant. 151 (lyr.), Tr. 1265 (anap.). (Cf. Lith. dēti 'lay (eggs, etc.)', Skt. dáti 'lay down, place', Lat. -do in con-do, etc., Engl. do, doom.) -
16 δί̄νη
δί̄νηGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `whirlpool, eddy' (Il.)Dialectal forms: Myc. qe-qi-no-to \/gʷegʷinōtos\/, qe-qi-no-me-no \/gʷegʷinōmenos\/Compounds: βαθυδίνης (Il.)Derivatives: δινήεις, Dor. δινάεις, Aeol. διννάεις (Alc.) `whirling' (Il.); δῖνος m. `id.', also `round vessel' (Ion.-Att. etc.) with δινώδης `eddying' (D. C.) and δινωτός `with δ., rounded, covered with circles' (Hom.; δινόω only Eust.). - δῑνέω, aor. δινῆσαι etc., also δῑνεύω, ( δίννηντες ptc. pl. Sapph. 1, 11; cf. below) tr. `turn around', itr. `id.' (Il.) with δίνησις (Arist.), δίνημα (Man.), δίνευμα (conj. in Ar. Th. 122 and X. Eq. 3, 11; Orph.); - rare δινέμεν (Hes. Op. 598), δινομένην (Call.), ἀπο-δινωντι subj. `thresh' (Tab. Heracl.; uncertain; change to ἀποδιδῶντι?); Aeol. δίννω (Hdn.; Διννομένης Alc.), δινάζω (Artem. ap. Ath.). Perh. Δινών month name (when the corn is threshed).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Perhaps an old nasal present *δι-ν-έϜ-ω (cf. *κῑ-ν-έϜ-ω, κί̄-νυ-μαι) of which the nasal was generalized (cf. κλίνη: κλίνω). Aeol. δίνν- as in ξέννος (Schwyzer 228). Initial δι- has been compared with δίεμαι (s. v.), which Chantr. finds evident "ni pour la forme, ni pour le sens." - The Myc. forms would show an initial labiovelar, from which one would expect rather a labial. Could the form be Pre-Greek? (note that the word has in fact no etymology). Heubeck separates the Myc. forms (Cambridge Coll. Myc. Stud. 229-237).Page in Frisk: 1,395-396Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δί̄νη
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17 ἡμεῖς
Grammatical information: pron. pers.Meaning: `we, us' (Il.).Derivatives: Possessive ἡμέ-τερος, Dor. ἁμέ-τερος, ἁμός, Aeol. ἀμμέ-τερος, ἄμμος `our'. The acc. ἁ̄μέ, ἄμμε go back on *ἀσμε (s. below) and gave through adopting nominal inflexion the nom. ἁ̄μές, ἄμμες, then also ἡμεῖς (from - έες) with the new acc. ἡμέας, and with irregular contraction ἡμᾶς. Then came the genetives ἡμῶν, ἡμέων, ἁ̄μέων, ἀμμέων. On the datives ἡμῖν etc. s. below.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [35] *ne\/os `we'Etymology: The archaic ἁ̄μέ, ἄμμε \< *ἀσμε agree exactly with Av. ahma `us'; in Skt. asmā́n `id.' it got the nominal ending. Other forms like Skt. nas (enclitic), Lat. nōs, Goth. uns \< IE *nō̆s resp. *n̥s show for *ἀσμε = Av. ahma IE basis with added element - sme: *n̥sme \< *n̥s-sme. The spiritus in ἁ̄μ-, ἡμ- could be analogical after ὑμ-. - The dativ ἡμῖν, Dor. ἁ̄μῑ̆ν, Aeol. ἄμμι(ν) from *ἀσμι(ν) recalls the Indo-Iranian demonstratives and interrogatives Av. ahmi, ásmin `in eo', Av. kahmi, Skt. kásmin `in quo?'; cf Cret. ὅτι-μι, μήδι-μι. The long - ῖν is an innovation (after the longvowel endings in ἡμ-ῶν, - εῖς etc.?). - Greek like Latin and Celtic lost the specific nominative for `we', Goth. weis, Hitt. u̯ēš, Skt. vay-ám etc. and used the acc. - Details Schwyzer 600ff.Page in Frisk: 1,635Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἡμεῖς
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18 ἱλάσκομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `appease, be merciful', perf. intr. and aor. pass. `be gracious' (Il.)Other forms: rarely ἵλαμαι (h. Hom. 19, 48; 21, 5; inf. ἵλασθαι Orph. A. 944; on the quantity of the anlauts s. below), ἱλάονται (Β 550, ἱλάεσθαι A. R. 2, 847); aor. ἱλάσ(σ)ασθαι (Il.), ἱλάξασθαι (Delph., A. R.), pass. ἱλασθῆναι (LXX); fut. ἱλάσ(σ)ομαι (Pl., Orac. ap. Paus. 8, 42, 6), ἱλάξομαι (A. R.); perf. ipv. Aeol. ἔλλαθι (gramm., B. 10, 8), pl. ἔλλατε (Call. Fr. 121); besides ἵλᾰθι, ἵλᾰτε (Theoc., A. R.), ἵληθι (γ 380, π 184), cf. below; subj. ἱλήκῃσι (φ 365), opt. ἱλήκοι etc. (h. Ap. 165, AP, Alciphr.),Compounds: Also with prefix, esp. ἐξ-,Derivatives: ἐξίλασις, ( ἐξ-)ἱλασμός (LXX), ἱλασία (inscr. Rom. empire), ( ἐξ-)ἵλασμα `appeasement, expiatory sacrifice' (LXX), ἱλάσιμος `appeasing' (M.Ant.; after ἰάσιμος a. o., Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 93), ἱλαστήριος `appeasing', - ιον `propitiatory gift' (LXX, pap.), also (analog.) ἱλατήριον ( Chron. Lind.), ἱλαστής `appeaser' (Aq., Thd.) with ἐξιλαστικός (Corn.). - Older formations: 1. ἵλαος (ep. Arc.; on the quantity of the α below), ἵλεως (Att., also Ion.), ἵλεος (Cret. since IIIa, also Hdt.), hιλέ̄Ϝο̄ι dat. (Lac., IG 5: 1, 1562, VI-Va), ἴλλαος (Aeol., gramm.) `merciful, benevolent'; Arc. `appeased'; denomin. verb ἱλαόομαι ( ΜΑΜΑ 1, 230), ἱλεῶμαι, ἱλεόομαι (A. Supp. 117 [lyr.], Pl.; cf. Schulze Kl. Schr. 324f.) `appease' with ἱλέωσις (Plu.), ἱλεωτήριον (Phot., Suid.). 2. ἱλαρός `clear, glad', also = ἵλεως (Ar., X.) with ἱλαρότης, ἱλαρία, ἱλαρόω, - ρύνω, - ρεύομαι (hell.); Lat. loan hilarus, -is. 3. ἰλλάεις, - εντος (Alc.), ἱλᾶς, - ᾶντος (Hdn. Gr., H.) = ἴλλαος, ἵλαος and lengthened (cf. Schwyzer 527). 4. ἱλάειρα f. of φλόξ and σελήνη (Emp.; quantity changing, cf. below), also ἑλάειρα (sch., Steph. Byz.) and ΕΛΕΡΑ (Kretschmer Vas. 208; s. also Schulze Kl. Schr. 716), innovation after πίειρα, κτεάτειρα, Δάειρα etc., Chantr. Form. 104, Schwyzer 543.Etymology: Decisive for the interpretation of these forms is the Aeol. imperative ἔλλαθι, ἔλλατε, for *σε-σλα-θι, - τε and so like τέ-τλα-θι, ἕ-στα-θι, δείδιθι = δέ-δϜι-θι to be seen as a perfect form. Die metrisch feststellbare Länge des α in ἔλλᾱθι bei B. 10, 8 muß wie in ἵλᾱος (s. unten) sekundär sein. The agreeing IA *εἵλαθι, of which the reduplication was no longer recognizable, was after φάνηθι etc. replaced by εἵληθι ἵλεως γίνου H. Another center of the formations was the reduplicated present ἱ̄λάσκομαι \< *σι-σλᾰ́-σκομαι, of which the anlauting vowel-length was introduced in other forms: perf. subj. and opt. ἱλήκῃσι, ἱλήκοι for *εἱλ- (ind. *εἵληκα like εἴρηκα, τέ-τλη-κα), perh. also in ἵλᾰθι, - τε and Hom. ἵληθι (cf. εἵληθι H.), (or from *σι-σλη-θι). Also in the aorist- and future-forms ἱλάσ(σ)ασθαι, ἱλάξασθαι, ἱλάσσομαι, ἱλάξομαι the length was introduced; beside it there is short in ἱλάσσεαι (Α 147), ἱλασσάμενοι (Α 100), ἵλαμαι (h. Hom.; but ἵ̄λασθαι Orph.), ἱλάομαι, also in ἱλαρός and ἱλάειρα (Emp. 85). The short ῐ- which is ununderstandable, may replace the ε- ( ἑλάειρα [s. above], *ἕλαμαι, *ἑλαρός) after ἱλάσκομαι. - Also ἵληϜος, ἵλεως, ἵλᾰος from reduplicated *σι-σλη-, σι-σλᾰ-. The old ablaut selǝ-: sleh₁-: slǝ- (cf. telǝ-: tlā-: tlǝ- in τελα-μών: ἔ-τλᾱ-ν: τέ-τλᾰ-θι) of which sla- is analog. - More on the Greek forms (after Froehde a. a. O., Solmsen KZ 29, 350f., Schulze Q. 466f., Bechtel Lex. 175ff., Wackernagel Unt. 81) in Schwyzer 281, 681, 689 w. n. 2, 710, 800 etc., Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 13; 22; 299; 427 etc. - Fundamental is Klingenschmitt, MSS 28 (1970) 75-88, who showed that Arm. aɫač`em `pray' \< *slh₂-ske\/o- is the closest relative. The Greek form goes back on *si-slh₂-ske\/o-; the aorist would have been * selh₂-s- of which the initial has been influenced by the present.Page in Frisk: 1,721-722Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἱλάσκομαι
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19 πέντε
Grammatical information: numer.Meaning: `five'.Compounds: As 1. member beside πεντε-, πεμπε- mostly πεντα- (Il.,; after ἑπτα-, δεκα-, τετρα- etc.); on πεντή-κοντα s. bel.Derivatives: From it the ordinal πέμπτος, Arc. πέμποτος (after δέκοτος), Gortyn. πέντος, with πεμπταῖος `belonging to the fifth (day), happening on the fifth (day)' (ξ 257); the adv. πεντάκις (Pi.) beside πενπάκι (Sparta; Kretschmer Glotta 3, 305), πεμπτάκις (D.S.); the collective πεμπάς f. `quintet' (Pl., X.) beside πεμπτάς (? Pl. Phd. 104a), πεντάς (Arist.) with πεντάδ-ιον n. `quintet' (pap. II-IIIp), πεμπαδ-ικός `fivefold' (Dam.). Adv. πέντα-χα (Μ 87), - χοῦ, -χῃ̃, - χῶς; adj. πενταξός `fivefold' (Arist.; διξός); subst. πεντάχα ἡ χείρ H. (cf. NGr. Lac. πεντόχτη `hand', Κουκσυλές Άρχ. 27, 61 ff.). Denom. verb, prob. from πεμπάς (Schwyzer 734 w. n 4): πεμπάζομαι, -ω `to count (by the five, with the five fingers)' (δ 412, A.), ἀνα- πέντε `count over, to calculate, to think over' (Pl., Plu.) with πεμ-παστάς m. (Dor.) `the counting one' (A. in lyr.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 33 ff.). -- From πεντήκοντα: πεντηκοσ-τύς f. `body of fifty', part of a Spart. λόχος (Th., X.) with πεντηκοστήρ, sec. - κοντήρ m. `commander of a πεντηκοστύς' (Cos, Th., X., Att. inscr.; Schwyzer 597 a. 531, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 201, Benveniste Noms d'ag. 74).Etymology: Non-Aeol. πέντε, from where Pamph. πέ(ν)δε with weakening of the voiceless cons. after the (disappearing) nasal, Aeol. πέμπε and the other words for `five', e.g. Skt. páñca, Lat. quīnque, Lith. penkì, Goth. fimf, go all back on IE *pénkʷe. Beside it πέμπτος (second. πέντος; phonetic. or after πέντε) like Lat. quīntus, Lith. peñktas, Goth. fimfta from * penkʷtos. Both in πέμπτος and in πεμπάς, - άζομαι the π befor τ and α continues directly the labio-velar. The lengthening in πεντή-κοντα (PGr. η) appears not only in Skt. pañcā-śát- f., but also in Arm. yi-sun (i from IE ē); parallel with it Lat. quinquā-gintā (after quadrā-gintā?). -- Further on the Greek forms in Schwyzer 590, 592, 596, 598 and Sommer Zum Zahlwort 15 a. 19f.; on the other languages WP. 2, 25f., Pok. 808, W.-Hofmann s. quīnque, Mayrhofer s. páñca etc.; all w. rich lit.Page in Frisk: 2,506-507Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πέντε
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20 πίνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to drink'Other forms: Aeol., also Dor. (Call. Cer. 95) πώνω, fut. πίομαι, aor. ἔπιον, πιεῖν (all Hom.; later πεῖν), ipv. πῖθι (com. a.o.), Aeol. πῶθι, pass. ἐπόθην with fut. ποθήσομαι, perf. act. πέπωκα (all Att.), midd. πέπομαι (Od.); besides as causat. πιπίσκω, fut. πίσω, aor. πῖσαι, πισθῆναι, also w. προ-, ἐν-, συν- a.o. `give to drink, water' (Pi., Hp., Nic.).Derivatives: Many derivv. (condensed survey): A. From the zero grade πο-, most with τ-sufflx: 1. ποτόν n. `beverage' (Il.), ποτός `drinkable' (trag., Th.; ἔμποτος Aret.), πότος m. `drinking, beverage' (Att., Theoc.); from this πότ-ιμος `drinkable, fresh, pleasant' (IA; Arbenz 50f.), - ικός `inclined towards drinking etc.' (Alc. com., Plu.), most συμ- πίνω `belonging to the bacchanalia, pot companion' (Att.: συμπό-της, - σιον, s. v.); - ίζω, Dor. - ίσδω, also with προ- a.o., `to make drink, to drench' (IA., Theoc.) with - ισμός, - ισμα, - ιστές, - ιστήριον, - ιστρίς, - ίστρα. 2. ποτή f. `drink, draught' (pap.) gen. a. acc. - ῆτος, - ῆτα (Hom.; metr. enlerged, orig. at verse-end; Schwyzer 529 w. n. 1 a. lit.; not haplolog. from *ποτο-τη-τος, - τη-τα with Fraenkel Gnomon 21, 40 a.o.); πότ-ημα n. `(medical) drink' (medic.; enlarged form, Chantraine Form. 178). 3. πόσις f. (also w. προ-, κατα- a.o. in diff. senses) `drinking, drink, bacchanalia' (Il.) with πόσιμος `drinkable' (pap. IVp, Ps.-Callisth.; cf. πότιμος above); πόμα s.v. 4. ποτήρ m. `drinking cup' (E.), - ήριον n. `id.' (Aeol. IA.); πότης m. `drinker' (only in πότης λύχνος Ar. Nu. 57), f. πότις (com.); both from the usual compp., e.g. συμπό-της (Pi.), οἰνο-πό-της, - τις (Anacr. etc.), disjoined? (Leumann Mus. Helv. 2, 12 = Kl. Schr. 226); superl. ποτίστατος (Ar. a.o.); to this derivv. like συμπόσ-ιον `bacchanalia' (Pi., Alc.), καταπότ-ιον `pill' (medic.; καταπότης `throat' H., Suid.); οἰνοποτ-ά-ζω `to drink wine' (Hom.). 5. καταπό-θρα f. `(region of the) throat' (Paul. Aeg.). -- B. From the full grade: πῶμα n. `draught, drink, beverage' (Att.), ἔκπω-μα n. `drinking ware' (IA.), beside πόμα ( πρό-, κατά-, ἔκ- πίνω) n. `id.' (Pi., Ion. hell.); ἔκπωτις = ἄμπωτις ( Cat. Cod. Astr.); εὔπωνος ὄμβρος εὔποτος H., γακου-πώνης ἡδυπότης H. -- C. From the zero grade πῑ-: 1. πίστρα f., πῖστρα n. pl. `drinks' (E. Kyk., Str.), also πισμός, πιστήρ, πιστήριον H.; with analog. - σ- as 2. πιστός `drinkable, fluid' (A.; after χριστός, Leumann Mus. Helv. 14, 79 = Kl. Schr. 264), πιστικός `id.' (Ev. Marc., Ev. Io.); 3. Boeot. πιτεύω `to drench, to water' with ἀ-πίτευτος `unwatered' (Thespiae IIIa), from a noun *πῑτ(ο)-; cf. below. To be rejected Brugmann IF 39, 149 ff. (to πίων, OCS pitati `to feed' etc.); cf. Benveniste BSL 51, 29 f. w. lit.Etymology: The above system developed on the basis of an IE starting point independently inside Greek. From the imperatives πῖ-θι and πῶ-θι we can conclude to two athematic root-aorists *ἔ-πῑ-ν and *ἔ-πω-ν; to the latter provides Skt. á-pā-m (with pā-hí = πῶ-θι) an exact agreement: IE *é-peh₃-m. As zero grade was pī- in the plur. at home: IE *é-piH-me, which in Skt. was replaced by full grade á-pā-ma but in Greek πῖθι left a trace; note further OCS 2. a. 3. sg. aor. pi. Further, in Greek the athemat. forms wer replaced by the themat. ἔ-πι-ον with generalized zero grade. The origin of the form piH- is not well known. The shortvocalic subj. of this root-aorist lives on in fut. πί-ο-μαι (like ἔδ-ο-μαι; s. ἔδω); to the aorist still the nasal prsesents πί-ν-ω and πώ-ν-ω; cf. ἔ-δῡ-ν: δύ̄-ν-ω. To *ἔ-πῑ-ν was formed the factitive ἔ-πῑ-σα `I gave to drink' after ἔ-στη-ν: ἔ-στη-σα, ἔ-φῡν: ἔ-φῡ-σα a.o.; to this the reduplicated pres. πι-πί-σκω (cf. δι-δά-σκω: δα-ῆναι, βι-βά-σκω: ἔ-βη-σα: ἔ-βη-ν). The strongly spread zero grade πο- ( πέποται, ἐπόθην, πόσις usw.) is a Greek innovation after δο- ( δέδοται, ἐδόθην, δόσις). The perf. act. πέ-πω-κα agrees with Skt. pa-páu, but can also have been created newly to *ἔ-πω-ν. The nominal stem πῑτ- in πιτεύω is inherited and is found also in Skt. pī-tá- `drunk(en)', pī-ti ́'drinking, drink'. The 2. member in εὔ-πωνος and γακου-πώνης agrees with Skt. pā́-na-m n. `drink'. In ablaut deviating are πο-τήρ `drinking cup' (only E.; οἰνο-ποτῆρας acc. pl. θ 456 metr. for - πότας) and Skt. pā-tár- 'drinker', comparable πό-σις and pī-tí- (s. ab.); rather parallel innovations than old inherited material. -- Among the remaining many representatives of this family we mention only the reduplicated zero grade themat. pres. Sk. pí-b-ati, Lat. bi-b-ō, OIr. 2. pl. ipv. i-b-id (phonetically in detail uncertain) and the Lat. nouns pō-tus, pō-culum. (The Skt. caus. pāy-áyati goes back on *po-i-ei̯-, not a full grade *pōi̯-) -- On the histoy of the Greek forms s. Leumann Mus. Helv. 14, 75ff. (= Kl. Schr. 260ff.); further material of the other languages with rich lit. in WP. 2, 71 f., Pok. 839 f., W.-Hofmann s. bibō, Mayrhofer s. píbati and pā́ti 2. -- On ἄμπωτις and πῖνον s. v.Page in Frisk: 2,540-542Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πίνω
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