grants

δωρεαστικός

concerning grants: adverbial

δωρεαστικός

concerning grants: adverbial

δωρ-εαστικός, ή, όν,

A concerning grants,

γράμμα PMasp. 13.26

(vi A. D.).

κᾰπηλ-εύω,

A to be a retail-dealer, drive a petty trade, Hdt.1.155, 2.35, Isoc.2.1, Nymphod.21, IG11(2).161 A16 (Delos, iii B. C.), BGU 1024 vii 23 (iv A. D.); δι' ἀψύχου βορᾶς σίτοις καπήλευ' drive a trade, chaffer with your vegetable food, E.Hipp. 953.

II c. acc., sell by retail,

τὸν ἕρπιν Hippon.51

.

2 metaph., κ. τὰ πρήγματα, of Darius, Hdt.3.89; κ. τὰ μαθήματα sell learning by retail, hawk it about, Pl. Prt. 313d;

κ. τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ 2 Ep.Cor.2.17

; so ἔοικεν οὐ καπηλεύσειν μάχην will not peddle in war, i. e. fight half-heartedly, A.Th. 545;

κ. τῇ Χάριτι τὴν ἀμοιβήν Epicur.Sent.Vat.39

; κ. τὴν πολιτείαν traffic in grants of citizenship, D.C.60.17; κ. τῆς ὥρας ἄνθος or τὴν ὥραν, of prostitutes, Ph.2.394, 576; εἰρήνην πρὸς Ῥωμαίους Χρυσίου κ. Hdn.6.7.9; τύχη καπηλεύουσα.. τὸν βίον playing tricks with life, corrupting it, AP9.180 (Pall.).

καταλοχ-ισμός, ὁ,

A register, enrolment, LXX 1 Ch.4.33, Plu.Cic.15, Ael.Tact.15.1, Luc.Hist.Conscr.29: in pl., muster-rolls, OGI229.45, 47 (Smyrna, iii B. C.), POxy.2129.6, al. (iii A. D.).

2 register of grants of land to military settlers, φυλακιτῶν καὶ ἐφόδων τῶν ἐν κ. PPetr.3p.230 (iii B. C.), cf. POxy.45 (i A. D.), etc.

πολῑτ-εία, [dialect] Ion. [suff] πολῑτ-ηΐη, ἡ,

A condition and rights of a citizen, citizenship, Hdt.9.34, Th.6.104, etc.;

π. δοῦναί τινι X.HG1.2.10

: pl., grants of citizenship, Arist.Ath.54.3.

2 the daily life of a citizen, And.2.10, D. 19.184;

ἐν εἰρήνῃ καὶ π. Id.20.122

; life, living,

ἡ ἐν Βοιωτίᾳ π. Plb.18.43.6

; so perh. Ep.Eph.2.12.

3 concrete, body of citizens, Arist.Pol. 1292a34.

4 = Lat. civitas in geographical sense, SIG888.118 (Scaptopara, iii A. D.), Mitteis Chr.78.6 (iv A. D.), etc.

II government, administration, Ar.Eq. 219, X.Mem.3.9.15, etc.;

ἄγειν τὴν π. Th.1.127

;

πρασύτατα καὶ ἀσελγέστατα τῇ π. κεχρῆσθαι Hyp.Eux.29

; course of policy,

τῇ π. καὶ τοῖς ψηφίσμασι D.18.87

, cf. 9.3 (pl.), 18.263;

ἡ Κλεοφῶντος π. Aeschin.3.150

;

ἡ πρὸς Ῥωμαίους ὁμιλία καὶ π. Str.16.2.46

: pl., acts of policy, J.Vit.65.

2 tenure of public office,

πᾶσαν π. ἐπιφανῶς ἐκτελέσαι IG4.716.6

([place name] Hermione);

ἐν τοῖς τῆς π. χρόνοις IPE12.32B76

(Olbia, iii B. C.).

III civil polity, constitution of a state, Antipho 3.2.1, Th.2.37, etc.;

τὴν ἐλευθερίαν.., μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ τὰς π. D.18.65

; form of gouernment, Pl.R. 562a, etc.;

ὁμολογοῦνται τρεῖς εἶναι π., τυραννὶς καὶ ὀλιγαρχία καὶ δημοκρατία Aeschin.1.4

, cf. Arist.Pol. 1293a37, etc.;

αἱ τέτταρες π. Pl.R. 544b

;

ἥτις ἂν π. συμφέρῃ Lys.25.8

;

π. ἐστὶ τάξις ταῖς πόλεσιν ἡ περὶ τὰς ἀρχάς Arist.Pol. 1289a15

, cf. 1274b26 (pl.), 1289b27 (pl.); ὅπου μὴ νόμοι ἄρχουσιν οὐκ ἔστι π. ib. 1292a32; τὴν ἀρίστην πολιτεύεσθαι π. ib. 1288b31, cf. X.Ath.1.1, etc.

2 esp. republican government, free common-wealth, Arist.EN 1160a34, Pol. 1293b22; ὅταν δὲ τὸ πλῆθος πρὸς τὸ κοινὸν πολιτεύηται συμφέρον, καλεῖται π. ib. 1279a39;

ἄπιστον ταῖς π. ἡ τυραννίς D.1.5

;

οὐ γὰρ ἀσφαλεῖς ταῖς π. αἱ πρὸς τοὺς τυράννους.. ὁμιλίαι Id.6.21

;

τοὺς τὰς π. μεθιστάντας εἰς ὀλιγαρχίαν Id.15.20

;

ταῖς μὲν π. πολεμοῦσι τὰς δὲ μοναρχίας συγκαθιστᾶσι Isoc.4.125

;

ἔστι δήμου ἡ π. βίος Plu.2.826c

.

συντηρ-έω,

A keep or preserve closely, ἑαυτὸν ἀδωροδόκητον Aristeas 209;

τὴν ψυχήν μου μὴ φαγεῖν LXX To.1.11

; σ. [τὴν γνώμην] παρ' ἑαυτῇ keep it close, Plb.30.30.5, cf. LXX Si.39.2, Ev.Luc.2.19.

2 preserve, maintain, of grants or privileges, SIG705.48 (Delph., ii B.C.), al., BGU1074.2 (i A.D.):—[voice] Pass., IG12(5).860.44 ([place name] Tenos); ἀμφότεροι -οῦνται (sc. ὅ τε οἶνος καὶ οἱ ἀσκοί) Ev.Matt.9.17.

3 observe strictly,

τὸ τῆς φύσεως τέλος Epicur.Fr. 554

; τὰ νόμιμα Aristeas 127;

τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτοῦ LXX Si.2.15

;

τὴν εὐταξίαν Arch.Pap.3.134

(Thera, iii/ii B.C.);

τήν τε φιλίαν καὶ τὴν συμμαχίαν Riv.Fil.60.60

(Cyrene, ii B.C.); σ. τὸ διάστημα keep distance, Ascl. Tact.12.11, Ael.Tact.42.1.

4 watch one's opportunity,

συντηροῦντα παίειν Plu.Marc.12

.

5 watch over, protect, τοῖς φυλακίταις (sc. συντάξαι)

συντηρῆσαι τὰ.. γενήματα BGU1851.8

(i B.C.).

φῐλάνθρωπ-ος, ον,

A loving mankind, humane, benevolent, tender-hearted, and, in weaker sense, kind, courteous, Epich.[274];

φ. καὶ φιλαθήναιος καὶ φιλόσοφος Isoc.Ep. 5.2

;

φ. καὶ φιλόπολις Id.2.15

;

δημοτικὸς καὶ φ. X.Mem.1.2.60

;

ψυχὴν φιλανθρωπότατος Id.Cyr.1.2.1

; φ. δὲ παύεσθαι τρόπου, of Prometheus, A.Pr.11, cf. 28; of animals that attach themselves to men, as of dogs, gentle, X.Cyn.6.25; of horses, Id.Eq.2.3; τὸ φιλάνθρωπον, = φιλανθρωπία, Plu.Cat.Ma.3, etc.;

τὸ φ. καὶ μεταδοτικόν Phld.Oec.p.54J.

; τὰ φιλάνθρωπα humane treatment,

τῶν φ. τυχεῖν PCair.Zen.638.13

(iii B. C.); kindnesses, Plb.10.38.3, 12.5.3, etc.

2 of the gods, loving men, Pl.Smp. 189c ([comp] Sup.), Lg. 713d, Plu.Num.4.

II of things, humane, humanizing,

χάρις δικαία καὶ φ. E.Fr.953.41

;

γεωργία X.Oec.19.17

;

ψηφίσματα Id.Vect.3.6

;

λόγοι D.45.4

; τρόπος, in Music, Plu.2.1135c, etc.; of wines, generous, Id.Cleom.13 ([comp] Comp.), cf. 2.680b.

2 appealing to human feeling, of situations, Arist.Po. 1452b38, al. (less prob., satisfying the sense of poetic justice).

3 Medic., of diet, generous, τροφὴ -οτέρα, opp. ὀλίγη, Gal.1.211; but of a medical treatise, popular, Id.15.551 ([comp] Comp.).

III φιλάνθρωπα, τά, concessions, grants, privileges, immunities, OGI221.14 (Ilium, iii B. C.), PCair.Zen.37.11 (iii B. C.), SIG548.3 (Delph., iii B. C.), Plb.4.26.8, UPZ 162v 22, al. (ii B. C.), OGI331.42 (Pergam., ii B. C.), Epist.Jul.Caes. ap. J.AJ14.10.2, D.S.32.4, etc.; Thess. [full] φιλάνθρουπα IG9(2).517.16 (Larissa, iii B. C.).

b sg., benefaction, endowment, gratuity, BGU1202.10 (i B. C.), Mon.Anc.Gr.9.10, etc.

c sg., letter expressing friendly feelings, PSI4.439.32, PCair.Zen.56.10 (both iii B. C.).

IV Adv.,

- ως τινὶ κεχρῆσθαι D.19.225

;

φ. διακεῖσθαι πρός τινα Plb.1.68.13

;

φ. καὶ δημοτικῶς D.24.24

;

θεοφιλῶς καὶ φ. Isoc.9.43

, cf. 15.132, Phld. Herc.1251.14, etc.: [comp] Sup.

- ότατα D.24.191

, D.C.69.2.

V [suff] φῐλάνθρωπ-ον, τό, = ἀπαρίνη, Dsc.3.90, Plin.HN24.176; [full] φιλανθρώπειος βοτάνη in Archig. ap. Gal.12.574.

χάρις [pron. full] [ᾰ], ἡ, gen. χάρῐτος: acc. χάριν [ῑ in arsi, Il.5.874], etc.; also

A

χάριτα Hdt.6.41

, 9.107, E.El.61, Hel. 1378, X.HG3.5.16, Phylarch. 24 J., PGen.47.17 (iv A.D.), etc. (un-Attic, acc. to Moer.p.414P.): χάριταν Gloss.: pl. χάριτες; dat. χάρισι, χαρίτεσσι, Od.6.237, Il. 17.51, Pi.O.7.93: ([etym.] χαίρω):— grace:

I in objective sense, outward grace or fauour, beauty, prop. of persons or their portraits,

θεσπεσίην δ' ἄρα τῷ γε χάριν κατεχεύατ' Ἀθήνη Od.2.12

, etc.;

χάριν ἀμφιχέαι κεφαλῇ Hes.Op.65

;

εὐμόρφων δὲ κολοσσῶν ἔχθεται χ. ἀνδρί A.Ag. 417

(lyr.): pl., graces,

κάλλεϊ καὶ χάρισι στίλβων Od.6.237

;

ὄσσοις χάριτας Ἀφροδίτης ἔχων E.Ba. 236

;

μετὰ χαρίτων

gracefully,

Th.2.41

: less freq. of things, χ. δ' ἀπελάμπετο πολλή, of ear-rings, Il.14.183; of works,

ἔργοισι χάριν καὶ κῦδος ὀπάζει Od.15.320

; of words,

οὔ οἱ χ. ἀμφιπεριστέφεται ἐπέεσσιν 8.175

; πλείστη δὲ χ. κατὰ μέτρον ἰούσης [γλώσσης] Hes.Op. 720;

ταὶ Διωνύσου σὺν βοηλάτα χάριτες διθυράμβῳ Pi.O.13.19

;

ἡ τῶν λόγων χ. D.4.38

, cf. D.H. Comp.23;

μῦθοι πληθόμενοι χαρίτων AP9.186

(Antip.Thess.).

2 glory,

Φερενίκου χ. Pi.O.1.18

, cf. 8.57,80.

II in subjective sense, grace or favour felt, whether on the part of the doer or the receiver (both senses appear in such phrases as

ὅτ'.. ἡ χάρις χάριν φέροι S.OC 779

;

χάρις χάριν γάρ ἐστιν ἡ τίκτουσ' ἀεί Id.Aj. 522

, cf. E.Hel. 1234, Arist.Rh. 1385a16):

1 on the part of the doer, grace, kindness, goodwill, τινος for or towards one, Hes.Op. 190;

τῶν Μεσσηνίων χάριτι πεισθείς Th.3.95

; οὐ χάριτι τῇ ἐμῇ not for any kind feeling towards me, Antipho 5.41: abs.,

εἰ δέ τις μείζων χ. A. Supp. 960

;

τῆς παλαιᾶς χ. ἐκβεβλημένη S.Aj. 808

; ἦ μεγάλα χ. δώρῳ

σύν ὀλίγῳ Theoc.28.24

;

χ. εὑρεῖν ἐναντίον τοῦ θεοῦ LXX Ge.6.8

, al.;

χάριν ἔχειν πρὸς τὸν δῆμον Plu.Dem.7

; partiality, favour,

μήτε ἔλεον μήτε συγγνώμην μήτε χ. μηδεμίαν περὶ πλείονος ποιήσασθαι τῶν νόμων Lys.14.40

;

οὐ συμφωνοῦσιν ὀργαὶ καὶ χάριτες μακαριότητι Epicur. Ep.

ip.28 U., cf. Pl.Lg. 740c.

2 more freq. on the part of the receiver, sense of favour received, thankfulness, gratitude,

χάριν καὶ κῦδος ἄροιο Il.4.95

;

ἀρέομαι πὰρ Σαλαμῖνος Ἀθαναίων χ. Pi.P.1.76

; τινος for a thing,

οὐδέ τίς ἐστι χάρις μετόπισθ' εὐεργέων Od.4.695

, cf. 22.319;

ἀντὶ πόνων χ. Th.4.86

: less freq. c. inf., οὐκ ἄρα τις χάρις ἦεν μάρνασθαι one has, it seems, no thanks for fighting, Il.9.316, 17.147;

οἵ οἱ ἀπεμνήσαντο χ. εὐεργεσιάων Hes.Th. 503

, cf. Th.1.137;

χάριν φέρειν τινί Pi.O.10(11).17

;

χ. τροφεῦσιν ἀμείβων A.Ag. 728

(lyr.);

φιλότητος ἀμειβόμεναι χ. S.El. 134

(lyr.); χάριν εἰδέναι τινί to acknowledge a sense of favour, feel grateful, once in Hom.,

ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι ἰδέω χ. ἤματα πάντα Il.14.235

; freq. in Prose, Hdt.3.21, Lys.2.23, Isoc.4.175, etc.; τούτων for a thing, X.Cyr.1.6.11, etc.;

τοῖς διαπεπραγμένοις Plu.Alex.62

;

μοι χ. οἶδεν ἐπὶ τούτοις Luc.

Bis Acc.17;

χ. προσειδέναι Pl.Ap. 20a

;

ἀποδιδόναι Id.R. 338a

;

τινὰ ἀποστερῆσαι χάριτος Id.Hp.Mi. 372c

; later

χ. γνῶναι Philostr.VA2.17

;

πολλὴν γνοῦσα χ. X.Eph.3.5

;

χ. ἐπίσταμαι πᾶσι Charito 3.4

, cf. 8.5, Poll.5.142, Jul.Or.8.246c; also

τῶν παροιχομένων ἔχειν σφι μεγάλην χ. Hdt.7.120

, cf. 1.71, E.Heracl. 767 (lyr.), IT 847 (lyr.), Lys.16.1, Hyp.Ath.5: c. part.,

χ. ἔχειν σωθέντες X.An.2.5.14

; also χάριτας ἔχων πατρός owing him a debt of gratitude, E.Or. 244: but ἀσπασμάτων χάριν τίν' ἕξει; what thanks will she have for.. ? Id.Hec. 830;

χ. ἂν ἐν τούτῳ μείζω ἔτι ἔσχεν Th.8.87

; χ. ὀφείλειν to owe gratitude, be beholden,

τοῖς θεοῖς S.Ant. 331

, cf. X.Cyr.3.2.30;

προσοφείλειν D.3.31

;

χ. οὐδεμία ἐφαίνετο πρὸς Ἀθηναίων Hdt.5.90

; χάριν ἀθάνατον καταθέσθαι to lay up a store of undying gratitude, Id.7.178, cf. 6.41;

τῇ πόλει χ. καταθέσθαι Antipho 5.61

, cf. Th.1.33; χάριν λαβεῖν τινος receive thanks from one, S.OT 1004, etc.;

ἀπολαβεῖν παρά τινων Lys.20.31

; τινος for a thing, X.Mem.2.2.5, Aeschin.2.4;

διπλῆν ἐξ ἐμοῦ κτήσει χάριν S.Ph. 1370

;

κἀπ' ἐμοῦ κτήσει χ. Id.Tr. 471

;

κομίσασθαι χ. Th.3.58

;

χάριτος τυχεῖν Lycurg. 135

;

ἀπέχειν χάριτας Call.Epigr.51.4

, etc.; τοῖς θεοῖς χάρις (sc. ἐστί) ὅτι .., thank the gods that.., X.An.3.3.14, Cyr.7.5.72;

χ. τινί τινος Luc.Tim.36

;

τινὶ ὑπέρ τινος Plu.2.1122a

.

3 favour, influence, opp. force,

χάριτι τὸ πλέον ἢ φόβῳ Th.1.9

; χ. καὶ δεήσει, opp. ἀπειλῇ, Plu.Sull.38.

4 love-charm, philtre, Luc. Alex.5, Merc.Cond.40.

III in concrete sense, a favour done or returned, boon, χάριν φέρειν τινί confer a favour on one, do a thing to oblige him, Il.5.211, 874, 9.613, Od.5.307, E.IT14, Or. 239, And.2.24 (so in [voice] Med., of the recipient, ib.9);

ἄλλοις χ. φέροντες Th.3.54

; χάριν θέσθαι or τίθεσθαί τινι, Hdt.9.60, 107, A. Pr. 782, E.Hec. 1211, etc.;

προσθέσθαι S.OC 767

;

χ. ὑπουργῆσαί τινι A.Pr. 635

;

παρασχεῖν S.OC 1183

;

πράσσειν E. Ion36

, 896 (lyr.);

δράσας Th.2.40

; ἀνύσαι prob. in S.Tr. 995 (anap.);

νέμειν Id.Aj. 1371

;

χ. δοῦναί τινι A.Pr. 821

, S.OC 1489 (but χ. δοῦναι, = χαρίζεσθαι (1.2), indulge, humour, ὀργῇ ib. 855;

γαστρί Cratin.317

); χ. χαρίζεσθαι, v. χαρίζομαι 1.1: χ. ἀνθυπουργεῖν return a favour, S.Fr. 339;

τίνειν A.Pr. 985

, Ag. 821;

χάριτας πατρῴας ἐκτίνων E.Or. 453

, cf. Pl. Mx. 242c, etc.;

χ. ἀποδιδόναι τινί Lys.12.60

, 28.17;

ἀντί τινος X.Ages.2.29

;

ὑπέρ τινος Isoc.4.56

;

τῶν ἔργων τὰς χάριτας ἀποδ. τινί Lys.31.24

;

χάριτας ἀντιδιδόναι Th.3.63

; opp. χάριν ἀπαιτεῖν to ask the repayment of a boon, E.Hec. 276, cf. Lys.18.23, D.20.156;

χάριτας ἀπ. Lycurg.139

;

χάριν ἐξαιτεῖσθαι S.OC 586

; χ. ἀποστερεῖν withhold a return for what one has received, Pl.Grg. 520c; τὰς αὑτοῦ εἰς τοὺς φίλους χ. the favours one has done them, Id.Lg. 729d; χ. ἄχαρις α thankless favour, one which receives, or deserves, no thanks, A.Pr. 545 (lyr.);

χ. ἀχάριτος Id.Ch.42

(lyr.), E.Ph. 1757 (lyr.).

b grant made in legal form, POxy.273.14 (i A.D.), PGrenf.2.70.5 (iii A.D.), etc.; αἱ τῶν Σεβαστῶν χ. imperial grants, OGI669.44 (Egypt, i A.D.).

2 esp. in erotic sense, of favours granted (v.

χαρίζομαι 1.3

),

ἀλόχου χάριν ἰδεῖν Il.11.243

, cf. A.Ag. 1206: more freq. in pl., X.Hier.1.34, 7.6, etc.; βίᾳ δ' ἔπραξας χάριτας ἢ πείσας κόρην; Trag.Adesp.402; in full,

χάριτες ἀφροδισίων ἐρώτων Pi.Fr. 128

, cf. Pl.Phdr. 254a, al.

IV gratification, delight, τινος in or from a thing,

συμποσίου Pi. O.7.5

;

νίκας Id.O.10(11).78

;

ὕπνου χ. E.Or. 159

(lyr.); even

χ. γόων Id.Supp.79

(lyr.); also concrete, of things, a delight, Pi.I.2.19 (pl.);

τὰν βοτρυώδη Διονύσου χ. οἴνας E.Ba. 535

(lyr.), cf. Ar.Nu. 311 (lyr.), Jul.Or.3.125b;

ἔνοπτρα, παρθένων χάριτας E.Tr. 1108

(lyr.): abs.,

Ἔρως.. εἰσάγων γλυκεῖαν χ. Id.Hipp. 527

(lyr.); opp. λύπη, S.El. 821, E.Hel. 655 (lyr.); opp. πόνος, S.OC 232 (lyr.);

θανεῖν πολλὴ χάρις A.Ag. 550

, cf. 1304;

βίου χ. μεθεῖσα E.Med. 227

;

οὐδεμίαν ἔχω τῷ βίῳ χάριν Ar.Lys. 865

; τοῖς δὲ σιτίοις χ. οὐδεμίαν οἶδ' ἐσθίων ib. 869; less freq. in Prose,

χ. καὶ ἡδονή Pl.Grg. 462c

, cf. D.20.26;

τοσαύτην ἔχει χ. Isoc.9.10

.

V δαιμόνων χάρις homage due to them, their worship, majesty, A.Ag. 182 (lyr.); ἀθίκτων χ. ib. 371 (lyr.);

ὅρκων E.Med. 439

(lyr.).

2 thank-offering, εὐκταία χ. τινός, opp. a common gift, A.Ag. 1387, cf. X.Hier.8.4;

ἔπεμψε χαίτην κουρίμην χ. πατρός A.Ch. 180

, cf. 517;

τιμὴ καὶ γέρα καὶ χ. Pl.Euthphr. 15a

, cf. La. 187a.

VI Special usages:

1 acc. sg. as Adv., χ. τινός in any one's favour, for his pleasure, for his sake,

χ. Ἕκτορος Il.15.744

; ψεύδεσθαι γλώσσης χ. for one's tongue's pleasure, i.e. for talking's sake, Hes.Op. 709, cf. A.Ch. 266; rarely with Art.,

τὴν Ἀθηναίων χάριν ἐστρατεύοντο Hdt.5.99

.

b as Prep., sts. before its case (once in Pi., P.2.70;

χάριν πλησμονῆς Pl.Phdr. 241c

;

χ. φιλίας Epicur.Sent.Vat.28

; χ. τίνος; LXX 2 Ch.7.21, cf. POxy.743.29 (i B. C.), etc.), but mostly after, for the sake of, on behalf of, on account of,

κακά νιν ἕλοιτο μοῖρα δυσπότμου χάριν χλιδᾶς S.OT 888

(lyr.); τοῦ χάριν; for what reason? Ar.Pl.53;

συγχωρῶ τοῦ λόγου χ. Pl.R. 475a

; so ἐμὴν χάριν, χάριν σήν, for my, thy pleasure or sake, A.Pers. 1046 (lyr.), E.HF 1238, etc.;

κείνου τε καὶ σὴν ἐξ ἴσου κοινὴν χ. S.Tr. 485

: less freq. with the Art.,

τὴν σὴν δ' ἥκω χ. Id.Ph. 1413

(anap.);

σοῦ τε τήν τ' ἐμὴν χ. E.Ph. 762

:—pleon.,

τίνος χάριν ἕνεκα; Pl.Lg. 701d

; also χάριν τινός as far as regards.., as to..,

ἔπους σμικροῦ χ. S.OC 443

; δακρύων χάριν if tears would serve, Id.Fr.557.6;

χ. θανάτου πόλιν ἀτείχιστον οἰκοῦμεν Epicur.Sent.Vat.31

; also, about, ἔπεμφεν ἐπὶ τὴν πενθεράν σου χ. τοῦ κτήματος about the farm, PFay.126.5 (ii/iii A. D.).—Orig. an acc. in apposition with the sentence, as in Il.15.744, etc., being a favour, since it is (was) a favour, as is evident in

κακῆς γυναικὸς χάριν ἄχαριν ἀπώλετο E.IT 566

;

τινὸς νίκας ἀκάρπωτον χ. S.Aj. 176

(lyr.).

2 with Preps.:

a εἰς χάριν to do a pleasure,

οὐδὲν ἐς χ. πράσσων Id.OT 1353

(lyr.);

ἐς χ. τίθεσθαί τι Plu.Mar.46

;

μηδὲ κρίσιν εἰς χ. ἕλκε Ps.-Phoc.9

(but ἐς τὴν τῶν ξυμμάχων χ. in such a way as to earn thanks.. Th.3.37); also

κατὰ χάριν Pl.Lg. 740c

; χάριτος ἕνεκα ib. 771d.

b

πράσσειν τί τινι πρὸς χάριν S.OC 1776

(anap.);

δρᾶσαι E.Hel. 1281

;

τοῖσι πολλοῖς πρὸς χάριν λέγειν τι Id.Hec. 257

, cf. X.Mem.4.4.4, HG6.3.7, Isoc.2.18, D.8.1 (but πρὸς χ. βορᾶς for the sake of it, S.Ant.30); πρὸς χ., opp. κλαίων, Id.OT 1152:—but πρὸς χ. εὐσεβίας, just like χάριν, Pi.O.8.8;

τίνος νόμου ταῦτα πρὸς χ. λέγω; S.Ant. 908

;

πρὸς ἰσχύος χ. E.Med. 538

; πρὸς χ. alone, as a favour, freely,

πρὸς χ. τε κοὐ βίᾳ S.Fr.28

; but κορέσαι στόμα πρὸς χ. to their heart's content, Id.Ph. 1156 (lyr.).

c ἐν χάριτι κρίνειν τινά to decide from partiality to one, Theoc.5.69; but also, for one's gratification, pleasure, ἐν χάριτι διδόναι or ποιεῖν τινί τι, X.Oec.8.10, Pl.Phd. 115b:

παραλαμβάνειν ἐν χάρισιν

gratefully,

Id.Lg. 796b

.

d διὰ χαρίτων εἶναι or γίγνεσθαί [τινι] to be pleasing to one, X.Hier.9.1,2.

e

ἐθελοντὶ καὶ μετὰ χάριτος

of pure good will,

Plb.2.22.5

, etc.;

ἐθελούσιοι καὶ χάριτος ἕνεκα ἐξιόντες X.Cyr.4.2.11

.

VII metaph. of the cypress, Gp.11.4.1; of some kind of myrtle, Sch.Il.17.51; of salt, ὅτι τὸ ἀναγκαῖον ἡδὺ ποιοῦσιν (sc. ἅλες) Plu.2.685a.

B [full] Χάρις, ἡ, as a mythological pr. n. declined like χάρις, save that the acc. is generally Χάριτα (exc. AP5.148 (Mel.), Luc.DDeor. 15.1, Paus.9.35.4): poet. dat. pl.

Χαρίτεσσι Il.17.51

, Pi.N.9.54; Χάρισσιν ib.5.54:—Charis, wife of Hephaestus, Il.18.382; mostly in pl. Χάριτες, αἱ, the Graces, 14.267, 275, Od.6.18, Pi.O.2.50, etc.; three in number, Hes.Th. 907, etc. (

τέσσαρες αἱ X.

, as a compliment, Call.Epigr.52.1); attendants of Aphrodite, Il.5.338, Hes. Op.73, h.Ven.61, Paus.6.24.7; coupled with Μοῦσαι, Hes.Th.64; κόμαι Χαρίτεσσιν ὁμοῖαι, i.e. like that of the Graces, Il.17.51; worshipped at Orchomenus in Boeotia,

Ἐτεόκλειοι Χάριτες θεαί Theoc. 16.104

, cf. Sch. ad loc., Str.9.2.40, Paus.9.35.3, 9.38.1: but at Lacedaemon and Athens only two were orig. worshipped, Id.3.18.6, 9.35.2;

Χαρίτων ἱερὸν ἐμποδὼν ποιοῦνται Arist.EN 1133a3

;

θύειν ταῖς X.

Plu.2.141f; in adjurations,

πρὸς τῶν Χαρίτων Pl.Tht. 152c

;

νὴ τὰς X.

Luc.Hist.Conscr.26;

ὦ φίλαι X.

Plu.2.710d.— Rarely in sg., X.

ζωθάλμιος Pi.O.7.11

;

Χάριτος ἡδίστης θεῶν Antiph. 228.4

.

σύνεσις, εως, ἡ (συνίημι; Hom. et al.)

① the faculty of comprehension, intelligence, acuteness, shrewdness (Pind. et al.; OGI 323, 6 [II B.C.] συνέσει κ. παιδείᾳ προάγων; LXX, pseudepigr., Philo; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 125; Ath. 1:3 al.; Orig., C. Cels. 4, 76, 6; Did., Gen. 226, 12)

ⓐ gener. Lk 2:47 (s. Jos., Vi. 8f); D 12:4. ἡ σύνεσις τῶν συνετῶν 1 Cor 1:19 (Is 29:14). W. σοφία (Aristot., EN 1, 13, 20; Diod S 9, 3, 3; Dt 4:6) 1 Cl 32:4. The whole field of the inner life is covered by the expr. ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τῆς συνέσεως καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ἰσχύος Mk 12:33.

ⓑ in the religio-ethical realm (IG IV²/1, 86, 18; Iren. 1, 10, 3 [Harv. I 97, 11]) understanding such as God grants to God’s own (LXX; pseudepigr.; Just., D. 70, 5): w. σοφία, ἐπιστήμη, γνῶσις B 2:3; 21:5 (cp. Ex 31:3; 35:31; Sir 1:19). W. σοφία (as Jos., Ant. 8, 24): σύνεσις πνευματική Col 1:9. W. ἐπίγνωσις τ. μυστηρίου τοῦ θεοῦ: πλοῦτος τῆς πληροφορίας τῆς συνέσεως 2:2. W. πίστις AcPl Ha 8, 34= BMM verso, 7f [συν]έσει. W. φῶς 1 Cl 16:12 (Is 53:11). Personified w. other godly virtues (as gnostic name of an Aeon Iren. 1, 1, 2 [Harv. I 11, 8]) Hs 9, 15, 2. Where the Lord dwells there is σύνεσις πολλή m 10, 1, 6.—σύνεσιν αἰτεῖσθαι IPol 1:3; Hs 5, 4, 3f. σύνεσιν διδόναι Hm 4, 2, 2a. ς. λαμβάνειν (Aristot., EN 1161b, 26) Hs 9, 2, 6. ς. ἔχειν (Hdt. 2, 5) 9, 22, 2b and 3; D 12:1 (s. Hdb., Suppl. 1 ad loc.; for a difft. int. s. ἀριστερός). ἀπέστη ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ἡ σύνεσις understanding has departed from them Hs 9, 22, 2a. ἐν τῇ συνέσει in the correct (God-given, comprehending the true mng.) understanding B 10:1. Repentance is σύν. Hm 4, 2, 2b, c, d.

ⓒ the wisdom of the creator (Theoph. Ant. 2, 15 [p. 138, 13]) 1 Cl 33:3; Hv 1, 3, 4.

② the content of understanding or comprehension, insight, understanding σύνεσις ἔν τινι insight into, understanding of someth. Eph 3:4; 2 Ti 2:7.—DELG s.v. ἵημι. M-M. TW. Sv.

τιμή, ῆς, ἡ (s. τιμάω; Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.).

① the amount at which someth. is valued, price, value (s. ApcMos 18 νόησον τὴν τιμήν τοῦ ξύλου Eden’s tree) esp. selling price (Hdt. et al.; O. Wilck II, 318, 3; POxy 1382, 18 [II A.D.]) συνεψήφισαν τὰς τιμὰς αὐτῶν (s. συμψηφίζω) Ac 19:19. Also concrete the price received in selling someth. 5:2. W. the gen. of that for which the price is paid (Is 55:1; Jos., Vi. 153, Ant. 4, 284; TestZeb 3:2) ἡ τιμὴ τοῦ χωρίου the price paid for the piece of ground vs. 3. ἡ τιμὴ τοῦ τετιμημένου (τιμάω 1) Mt 27:9. τιμὴ αἵματος the money paid for a bloody deed (αἷμα 2a), blood money vs. 6. Pl. (Diod S 5, 71, 3; 6=prize, price, reward) τὰς τιμὰς τῶν πιπρασκομένων Ac 4:34. τὰς τιμὰς αὐτῶν the prices that they received for themselves 1 Cl 55:2.—W. the gen. of price ᾧ (by attr. of the rel. for ὅ) ὠνήσατο Ἀβραὰμ τιμῆς ἀργυρίου which Abraham had bought for a sum of silver Ac 7:16. Abs. τιμῆς at or for a price, for cash (Hdt. 7, 119; PTebt 5, 185; 194; 220 [118 B.C.]; BGU 1002, 13 δέδωκά σοι αὐτὰ τιμῆς.—B-D-F §179, 1; Rob. 510f; Dssm., LO 275f [LAE 323f]) ἠγοράσθητε τιμῆς 1 Cor 6:20; 7:23 (ἀγοράζω 2).—οὐκ ἐν τιμῇ τινι Col 2:23 may be a Latinism (cp. Ovid, Fasti 5, 316 nec in pretio fertilis hortus; Livy 39, 6, 9; Seneca, Ep. 75, 11. See Lohmeyer ad loc.) are of no value (NRSV). See also s.v. πλησμονή.—GBornkamm, TLZ 73 ’48, col. 18, 2 observes that τ. here has nothing to do with ‘honor’, as it does in the expr. ἐν τιμῇ εἶναι X., An. 2, 5, 38; Herodian 4, 2, 9; Arrian, Anab. 4, 21, 10; Lucian, De Merc. Cond. 17.

② manifestation of esteem, honor, reverence

ⓐ act., the showing of honor, reverence, or respect as an action (X., Cyr. 1, 6, 11; Diod S 17, 76, 3; Herodian 4, 1, 5; 2 Macc 9:21; Just., A I, 13, 1; Tat. 32, 1; Ath. 30, 2; Theoph. Ant. 1, 11 [p. 82, 5]; usually as a commendation for performance; s. Reader, Polemo 280) 1 Ti 6:1. ταύτῃ τῇ τιμῇ τιμήσωμεν τ. υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ GPt 3:9. So perh. τῇ τιμῇ ἀλλήλους προηγούμενοι Ro 12:10 (s. προηγέομαι 3). Pl. οἵ πολλαῖς τιμαῖς ἐτίμησαν ἡμᾶς Ac 28:10 (cp. Diod S 11, 38, 5 τιμαῖς ἐτίμησε τὸν Γέλωνα; OGI 51, 13 τοὺς τοιούτους τιμᾶν ταῖς πρεπούσαις τιμαῖς; Jos., Ant. 20, 68. In 1 Th 4:4 τιμή may well be understood in this sense, if σκεῦος refers to a female member of the household; s. also c.—For the τιμαί that belong to the physician, s. Sir 38:1; s. 3 below). Of the demonstrations of reverence that characterize polytheistic worship (OGI 56, 9 αἱ τιμαὶ τῶν θεῶν; Himerius, Or. 8 [=23], 11 ἡ θεῶν τιμή.—S. Orig., C. Cels. 8, 57, 29) Dg 2:8; Judean worship 3:5a.

ⓑ pass. the respect that one enjoys, honor as a possession. The believers are promised τιμή 1 Pt 2:7 (it is given them w. Christ, the λίθος ἔντιμος vs. 6) but see 4 below; cp. IMg 15. τιμὴν ἔχειν be honored (Hdt. 1, 168) J 4:44; Hb 3:3. τιμήν τινι (ἀπο)διδόναι Ro 13:7; 1 Cor 12:24; Rv 4:9 (w. δόξαν). τιμήν τινι ἀπονέμειν (Ath. 32, 3) 1 Pt 3:7; 1 Cl 1:3; MPol 10:2. τιμήν τινι περιτιθέναι 1 Cor 12:23. λαβεῖν τιμήν (w. δόξαν) 2 Pt 1:17; (w. δόξαν and δύναμιν; cp. FPfister, Philol 84, 1929, 1–9) Rv 4:11; 5:12 (w. δύναμις, as Plut., Mor. 421e: the divinity grants both of them if it is addressed by its various names). τ. τιμῆς μεταλαβεῖν Dg 3:5b. ἑαυτῷ τιμὴν περιποιεῖσθαι Hm 4, 4, 2 (w. δόξαν).—εἰς τιμήν for honor=to be honored σκεῦος, a vessel that is honored (or dishonored) by the use to which it is put Ro 9:21; 2 Ti 2:20f. εἰς τιμήν τινος for someone’s honor=that the pers. might be honored (Cornutus 28 p. 55, 7 εἰς τιμὴν τῆς Δήμητρος; OGI 111, 26 εἰς τιμὴν Πτολεμαίου; εἰς τιμὴν τῶν Αἰώνων Iren. 1, 5, 1 [Harv. I 42, 16]; εἰς τ. γονέων Did., Gen. 50, 21) IEph 2:1; 21:1, 2; IMg 3:2; ITr 12:2; ISm 11:2; IPol 5:2b; cp. vs. 2a (εἰς τιμὴν τῆς σαρκὸς τοῦ κυρίου). On εἰς λόγον τιμῆς IPhld 11:2 s. λόγος 2c.—An outstanding feature of the use of τ., as already shown in several passages, is its combination w. δόξα (Dio Chrys. 4, 116; 27 [44], 10; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 18 §68; Arrian, Ind. 11, 1; Plut., Mor. 486b; Jos., Ant. 12, 118; Iren. 1, 2, 6 [Harv. I 23, 8]): of earthly possessions τὴν δόξαν καὶ τὴν τιμὴν τῶν ἐθνῶν Rv 21:26 (τιμή concr.=an object of value: Ezk 22:25). Of the unique, God-given position of the ruler 1 Cl 61:1, 2 (in the latter pass. w. ἐξουσία). Mostly of heavenly possessions: Ro 2:7 (w. ἀφθαρσία), vs. 10 (w. εἰρήνη); 1 Pt 1:7 (w. ἔπαινος); 1 Cl 45:8. Christ is (acc. to Ps 8:6) crowned w. δόξα and τιμή Hb 2:7, 9. God is called (amid many other predicates) φῶς, τιμή, δόξα, ἰσχύς, ζωή Dg 9:6.—Hence esp. in the doxological formulas (God as the recipient of τ.: Eur., Bacch. 323 θεῷ τιμὴν διδόναι; Paus. 9, 13, 2; Ps 28:1 [w. δόξα]; 95:7 [w. δόξα]; TestAbr B 14 p. 119, 3 [Stone p. 86]; ApcEsdr 7:16 [w. δόξα, κράτο]; Philo; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 206) 1 Ti 1:17 (w. δόξα); 6:16 (w. κράτος αἰώνιον); w. δόξα and κράτος Jd 25 v.l.; Rv 5:13 (w. δόξα et al.); 7:12 (w. δόξα et al.); 1 Cl 64 (w. δόξα et al.); 65:2 (w. δόξα et al.); MPol 20:2; 21 (both w. δόξα et al.).

ⓒ as a state of being, respectability (cp. τίμιος 1c) 1 Th 4:4 (w. ἁγιασμός). If τιμή is here to be understood as a nomen actionis, the pass. belongs in a.

ⓓ place of honor, (honorable) office (Hom. et al. [s. FBleek on Hb 5:4]; pap. In Joseph. of the high-priestly office: Ant. 12.42 Ἐλεαζάρῳ τῷ ἀρχιερεῖ ταύτην λαβόντι τὴν τιμήν; 157 and oft.) οὐχ ἑαυτῷ τις λαμβάνει τὴν τιμήν no one takes the office of his own accord Hb 5:4.

③ honor conferred through compensation, honorarium, compensation (testament of Lycon [III B.C.] Fgm. 15 W., in Diog. L. 5, 72, a physician’s honorarium; Sir 38:1; s. 2a above), so prob. 1 Ti 5:17 (MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc. and see s.v. διπλοῦς).—Mng. 2b is also poss. In that case cp. Ael. Aristid. 32, 3 K.=12 p. 134 D.: διπλῇ τιμῇ τιμῆσαι.—MGreindl (s. δόξα, end).

④ a right that is specially conferred, privilege 1 Pt 2:7 (FDanker, ZNW 58, ’67, 96), difft. REB ‘has great worth’; NRSV ‘is precious’.—B. 825; 1143. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

χαρίζομαι (χάρις; Hom.+) mid. dep.: fut. χαρίσομαι Ro 8:32 (also Lucian, Dial. Mort. 9, 1; Jos., Ant. 2, 28; for Att. χαριοῦμαι); 1 aor. ἐχαρισάμην; pf. κεχάρισμαι. Pass., w. pass. sense: 1 fut. χαρισθήσομαι Phlm 22; 1 aor. ἐχαρίσθην Ac 3:14; 1 Cor 2:12; Phil 1:29.

① to give freely as a favor, give graciously (a common term in honorific documents lauding officials and civic-minded pers. for their beneficence, s. SIG index and indexes of other inscriptional corpora) of God (so Ael. Aristid. 39, 3 K.=18 p. 409 D.; Herm. Wr. 12, 12; 16, 5 and p. 462, 30; 490, 9; 35; 492, 11 Sc.; 3 Macc 5:11; EpArist 196; TestSim 4:6; Jos., Ant. 3, 87; 4, 317) θεὸν … τὰ ἐκεῖ θαυμάσια χαριζόμενον God, who graciously bestows wonderful things from the world beyond (as opposed to the finery of this world, which in contrast is ‘shit’; s. δεινός and σκύβαλον) AcPl Ha 2, 23f. τινί τι someth. to someone (Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 79 §360 χαρίζεσθαί τινι τὴν σωτηρίαν; Paus. 6, 18, 4 χαρίσασθαί μοι τήνδε ὦ βασιλεῦ τὴν χάριν; TestAbr A 3 p. 79, 30 [Stone p. 6] τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν) Ro 8:32; Phil 2:9; 2 Cl 1:4; Hs 9, 28, 6; D 10:3. This is also the place for Gal 3:18 if τὴν κληρονομίαν is to be supplied fr. the context (but s. end of this sec.). τυφλοῖς ἐχαρίσατο βλέπειν to the blind he granted the power of sight Lk 7:21 (v.l. τὸ βλέπειν; cp. Plut., Mor. 609a; 2 Macc 3:31, 33). ὁ χαρισάμενος ὑμῖν τοιοῦτον ἐπίσκοπον κεκτῆσθαι the one who (by his favor) granted you to obtain such a bishop IEph 1:3. Pass. 1 Cor 2:12. ὑμῖν ἐχαρίσθη τὸ ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ πάσχειν you have (graciously) been granted the privilege of suffering for Christ Phil 1:29.—χ. τινά τινι give or grant someone to someone (Semonides 7, 93f D.³: Zeus χαρίζεταί τινά τινι=Z. grants one [i.e., a good wife] to someone) κεχάρισταί σοι ὁ θεὸς πάντας τοὺς πλέοντας μετά σου God has given you all those who are sailing with you, i.e. at your request God has granted them safety fr. deadly danger Ac 27:24. The one who is ‘given’ escapes death or further imprisonment by being handed over to those who wish him freed ᾐτήσασθε ἄνδρα φονέα χαρισθῆναι ὑμῖν Ac 3:14. Cp. Phlm 22 (Diod S 13, 59, 3 ἐχαρίσατο αὐτῷ τοὺς συγγενεῖσ=he granted him his [captured] relatives [and set them free]; Plut., C. Gracch. 836 [4, 3] χ. τὸν Ὀκτάβιον τῇ μητρί; PFlor 61, 61 [I A.D.] cited s.v. ὄχλος 1a, end; Jos., Vi. 355.—On the ‘giving’ of Barabbas s. JMerkel, Die Begnadigung am Passahfeste: ZNW 6, 1905, 293–316). On the other hand, the giving of a man to those who wish him ill results in harm to him (cp. Jos., Vi. 53) οὐδείς με δύναται αὐτοῖς χαρίσασθαι Ac 25:11; cp. vs. 16 (without dat., which is easily supplied; the v.l. adds εἰς ἀπώλειαν to it). Ign. rejects every attempt of others to save his life, because he wishes to leave the world and be with God, and martyrdom opens the way for this: τὸν τοῦ θεοῦ θέλοντα εἶναι κόσμῳ μὴ χαρίσησθε do not give to the world the one who wishes to belong to God IRo 6:2.—W. only the dat. χ. τινι show oneself to be gracious to someone (Diod S 14, 11, 1; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 112 §467; SIG 354, 4f βουλόμενος χαρίζεσθαι τῷ δήμῳ; ApcEsdr 25:7 τοὺς δικαίους τί χαρίζεις; Jos., Ant. 17, 222; Eunap. p. 77 Boiss.) Gal 3:18 (s. above; also Betz, Gal. ad loc.).

② to cancel a sum of money that is owed, cancel (Ps.-Aeschin., Ep. 12, 14; Philo, Spec. Leg. 2, 39 τὰ δάνεια) Lk 7:42f. This forms a transition to

③ to show oneself gracious by forgiving wrongdoing, forgive, pardon (Dionys. Hal. 5, 4, 3; Jos., Ant. 6, 144 ἁμαρτήματα χαρίζεσθαι) w. dat. of pers. and acc. of thing (TestJob 43:1 αὐτοῖς … τὴν ἁμαρτίαν αὐτῶν) χαρισάμενος ἡμῖν πάντα τὰ παραπτώματα Col 2:13; cp. 2 Cor 2:10a; 12:13. W. dat. of pers. alone Eph 4:32ab; Col 3:13ab (Plut., Mor. 488a χαίρειν τῷ χαρίζεσθαι μᾶλλον αὐτοῖς ἢ τῷ νικᾶν=to delight in doing them favors rather than getting the better of them). W. acc. of thing alone 2 Cor 2:10bc. Abs. (cp. EpArist 215) rather forgive 2 Cor 2:7.—B. 1174. DELG s.v. χάρις. M-M. EDNT. TW.

χάρις, ιτος, ἡ (Hom.+) acc. quite predom. χάριν, but χάριτα Ac 24:27; 25:9 v.l.; Jd 4 and pl. χάριτας Ac 24:27 v.l.; 1 Cl 23:1 (Eur., Hel. 1378; Hdt. 6, 41; X., Hell. 3, 5, 16; ins, pap; Zech 4:7; 6:14; EpArist 272, pl. 230.—B-D-F §47, 3; W-S. §9, 7; Mayser 271f; Thackeray 150; Helbing 40f; Mlt-H. 132.—It seems that χάρις is not always clearly differentiated in mng. fr. χαρά; Apollodorus [II B.C.]: 244 Fgm. 90 Jac. says in the second book περὶ θεῶν: κληθῆναι δὲ αὐτὰς ἀπὸ μὲν τ. χαρᾶς Χάριτας• καὶ γὰρ πολλάκις … οἱ ποιηταὶ τ. χάριν χαρὰν καλοῦσιν ‘the [deities] Charites are so called from χαρά [joy], for poets freq. equate χάρις with χαρά’. Cp. the wordplay AcPl Ha 8, 7 χαρᾶς καὶ χάριτος the house was filled with gaiety and gratitude.).

① a winning quality or attractiveness that invites a favorable reaction, graciousness, attractiveness, charm, winsomeness (Hom.+; Jos., Ant. 2, 231) of human form and appearance παῖς λίαν εὐειδής ἐν χάριτι an exceptionally fine-looking and winsome youth AcPl Ha 3, 13. Of speech (Demosth. 51, 9; Ps.-Demetr. [I A.D.], Eloc. §127; 133; 135 al.; Eccl 10:12; Sir 21:16; Jos., Ant. 18, 208) οἱ λόγοι τῆς χάριτος (gen. of quality) the gracious words Lk 4:22. ὁ λόγος ὑμῶν πάντοτε ἐν χάριτι let your conversation always be winsome Col 4:6 (cp. Plut., Mor. 514f; s. also HAlmqvist, Plut. u. das NT ’46, 121f; Epict. 3, 22, 90). τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ χάριτος ἐπληροῦτο MPol 12:1 can also be placed here in case χάρις means nothing more than graciousness (s. 4 below); prob. also GJs 7:3 (s. 3b).

② a beneficent disposition toward someone, favor, grace, gracious care/help, goodwill (almost a t.t. in the reciprocity-oriented world dominated by Hellenic influence [cp. e.g. OGI 669, 29] as well as by the Semitic sense of social obligation expressed in the term חֶסֶד [NGlueck, Das Wort ḥesed in alttestamentlichen Sprachgebrauche etc. 1927]. Of a different order and spirit is the subset of reciprocity known as Roman patronage, in which superiority of the donor over the client is clearly maintained)

ⓐ act., that which one grants to another, the action of one who volunteers to do someth. not otherwise obligatory χάρις θεοῦ ἦν ἐπʼ αὐτό Lk 2:40. ἡ χάρις τοῦ θεοῦ (cp. τῇ τοῦ θεοῦ Κλαυδίου χάριτι OGI 669, 29) Ac 11:2 D; 14:26. τοῦ κυρίου 15:40.—Esp. of the beneficent intention of God (cp. χ. in reference to God: Apollon. Rhod. 3, 1005 σοὶ θεόθεν χάρις ἔσσεται; Dio Chrys. 80 [30], 40 χ. τῶν θεῶν; Ael. Aristid. 13 p. 320 D.; 53 p. 620; Sextus 436b; likew. in LXX, Philo, Joseph.; SibOr 4, 46=189; 5, 330; Ezk. Trag. 162 [Eus., PE 9, 29, 12].—χ. to denote beneficent dispensations of the emperor: OGI 669, 44 [I A.D.]; BGU 19 I, 21 [II A.D.] χάρ. τοῦ θεοῦ Αὐτοκράτορος; 1085 II, 4) and of Christ, who give (undeserved) gifts to people; God: δικαιούμενοι δωρεὰν τῇ αὐτοῦ χάριτι Ro 3:24. Cp. 5:15a, 20f; 6:1; 11:5 (ἐκλογή 1), 6abc; Gal 1:15 (διά A 3e); Eph 1:6f (KKuhn, NTS 7, ’61, 337 [reff. to Qumran lit.]); 2:5, 7, 8; cp. Pol 1:3; 2 Th 1:12; 2:16; 2 Ti 1:9; Tit 2:11 (ἡ χάρ. τοῦ θεοῦ σωτήριος; s. Dibelius, Hdb. exc. after Tit 2:14); 3:7; Hb 2:9 (χωρίς 2aα); 4:16a (DdeSilva, JBL 115, ’96, 100–103); 1 Cl 50:3; ISm 9:2; IPol 7:3. ἐν χάρ[ιτι θεοῦ] AcPl Ha 7, 23 (restoration uncertain). κατὰ χάριν as a favor, out of goodwill (cp. Pla., Leg. 740c; schol. on Soph., Oed. Col. 1751 p. 468 Papag.) Ro 4:4 (opp. κατὰ ὀφείλημα), 16.—The beneficence or favor of Christ: διὰ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ πιστεύομεν σωθῆναι Ac 15:11. Cp. Ro 5:15b; 2 Cor 8:9; 1 Ti 1:14; IPhld 8:1. On Ac 2:47 in this sense s. TAnderson, NTS 34, ’88, 604–10.

ⓑ pass., that which one experiences fr. another (Arrian, Anab. Alex. 3, 26, 4) χάριν ἔχειν have favor 3J 4 v.l. πρός τινα with someone=win his respect Ac 2:47 (cp. 2a end; cp. Pind., O. 7, 89f χάριν καὶ ποτʼ ἀστῶν καὶ ποτὶ ξείνων grant him respect in the presence of his townfolk as well as strangers); παρά τινι (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 89 §376) Hm 10, 3, 1, cp. 5, 1, 5. εὑρεῖν χάριν παρά τινι (Philo, Leg. All. 3, 77, end) Lk 1:30; Hs 5, 2, 10; ἐνώπιόν τινος Ac 7:46; GJs 11:2 (JosAs 15:14). ἐν τοῖς μέλλουσι μετανοεῖν among those who are about to repent Hm 12, 3, 3. Ἰησοῦς προέκοπτεν χάριτι παρὰ θεῷ καὶ ἀνθρώποις Lk 2:52 (an indication of exceptional ἀρετή, cp. Pind. above). Cp. Ac 4:33; 7:10 (ἐναντίον Φαραώ); Hb 4:16b.—ποία ὑμῖν χάρις ἐστίν; what credit is that to you? Lk 6:32–34; s. D 1:3; 2 Cl 13:4. Cp. 1 Cor 9:16 v.l. In these passages the mng. comes close to reward (s. Wetter [5 below] 209ff w. reff.).—Also by metonymy that which brings someone (God’s) favor or wins a favorable response fr. God 1 Pt 2:19, 20.

ⓒ In Christian epistolary lit. fr. the time of Paul χάρις is found w. the sense (divine) favor in fixed formulas at the beginning and end of letters (Zahn on Gal 1:3; vDobschütz on 1 Th 1:1; ELohmeyer, ZNW 26, 1927, 158ff; APujol, De Salutat. Apost. ‘Gratia vobis et pax’: Verb. Dom. 12, ’32, 38–40; 76–82; WFoerster, TW II ’34, 409ff; Goodsp., Probs. 141f. S. also the lit. s.v. χαίρω 2b). At the beginning of a letter χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη (sc. εἴη; New Docs 8, 127f) Ro 1:7; 1 Cor 1:3; 2 Cor 1:2; Gal 1:3; Eph 1:2; Phil 1:2; Col 1:2; 1 Th 1:1; 2 Th 1:2; Phlm 3; Rv 1:4; without ὑμῖν Tit 1:4. χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη 1 Pt 1:2; 2 Pt 1:2; 1 Cl ins. χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη 1 Ti 1:2; 2 Ti 1:2; 2J 3 (on the triplet cp. En 5:7 φῶς καὶ χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη).—At the end ἡ χάρις (τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ etc.) μεθʼ ὑμῶν (or μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν etc.) Ro 16:20, 23 (24) v.l.; 1 Cor 16:23; 2 Cor 13:13; Gal 6:18; Eph 6:24; Phil 4:23; Col 4:18; 1 Th 5:28; 2 Th 3:18; 1 Ti 6:21; 2 Ti 4:22; Tit 3:15; Phlm 25; Hb 13:25; Rv 22:21; 1 Cl 65:2. ἔσται ἡ χάρις μετὰ πάντων τῶν φοβουμένων τὸν Κύριον GJs 25:2. ὁ κύριος τῆς δόξης καὶ πάσης χάριτος μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν B 21:9. χάρις ὑμῖν, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη, ὑπομονὴ διὰ παντός ISm 12:2. ἔρρωσθε ἐν χάριτι θεοῦ 13:2.

③ practical application of goodwill, (a sign of) favor, gracious deed/gift, benefaction

ⓐ on the part of humans (X., Symp. 8, 36, Ages. 4, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 49 §213; Dionys. Hal. 2, 15, 4) χάριν (-ιτα) καταθέσθαι τινί (κατατίθημι 2) Ac 24:27; 25:9. αἰτεῖσθαι χάριν 25:3 (in these passages from Ac χ. suggests [political] favor, someth. one does for another within a reciprocity system. Cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 108 §506 ἐς χάριν Σύλλα=as a favor to Sulla; ApcSed 8:1 οὐκ ἐποίησάς μοι χάριν=you did me no favor). ἵνα δευτέραν χάριν σχῆτε that you might have a second proof of my goodwill 2 Cor 1:15 (unless χάρις here means delight [so in poetry, Pind. et al., but also Pla., Isocr.; L-S-J-M s.v. χάρις IV; cp. also the quot. fr. Apollodorus at the beg. of the present entry, and the fact that χαρά is v.l. in 2 Cor 1:15]; in that case δευτέρα means double; but s. comm.). Of the collection for Jerusalem (cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 42 §173 χάριτας λαμβάνειν=receive gifts) 1 Cor 16:3; 2 Cor 8:4, 6f, 19 (DdeSilva, JBL 115, ’96, 101). Cp. B 21:7.—Eph 4:29 may suggest a demonstration of human favor (cp. Plut., Mor. 514e χάριν παρασκευάζοντες ἀλλήλοις), but a ref. to the means by which divine grace is mediated is not to be ruled out (s. b below).

ⓑ on the part of God and Christ; the context will show whether the emphasis is upon the possession of divine favor as a source of blessings for the believer, or upon a store of favor that is dispensed, or a favored status (i.e. standing in God’s favor) that is brought about, or a gracious deed wrought by God in Christ, or a gracious work that grows fr. more to more (so in contrast to the old covenant Mel., P. 3, 16 al.). God is called ὁ θεὸς πάσης χάριτος 1 Pt 5:10, i.e. God, who is noted for any conceivable benefit or favor; cp. B 21:9.—χάριν διδόναι τινί show favor to someone (Anacr. 110 Diehl; Appian, Ital. 5 §10): τὸν δόντα αὐτῷ τὴν χάριν GJs 14:2. ταπεινοῖς δίδωσι χάριν (Pr 3:34) Js 4:6b; 1 Pt 5:5; 1 Cl 30:2; without a dat. Js 4:6a (Menand., Epitr. 231 S. [55 Kö.]). Perh. καὶ ἔβαλλε κύριος … χάριν ἐπʼ αὐτήν GJs 7:3 (but s. 1 above). The Logos is πλήρης χάριτος J 1:14. Those who belong to him receive of the fullness of his grace, χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος vs. 16 (ἀντί 2). Cp. vs. 17. τὴν χάριν ταύτην ἐν ᾗ ἑστήκαμεν this favor (of God) we now enjoy Ro 5:2 (Goodsp.).—5:17; 1 Cor 1:4; 2 Cor 4:15 (divine beneficence in conversion); cp. Ac 11:23; 6:1; Gal 1:6 (by Christ’s gracious deed); 2:21; 5:4; Col 1:6; 2 Ti 2:1; Hb 12:15; 13:9; 1 Pt 1:10, 13; 3:7 (συνκληρονόμοι χάριτος ζωῆς fellow-heirs of the gift that spells life; s. ζωή 2bα); 5:12; 2 Pt 3:18; Jd 4; IPhld 11:1; ISm 6:2. Christians stand ὑπὸ χάριν under God’s gracious will as expressed in their release from legal constraint Ro 6:14f, or they come ὑπὸ τὸν ζυγὸν τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ 1 Cl 16:17 (ζυγός 1). The proclamation of salvation is the message of divine beneficence τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς χάριτος τοῦ θεοῦ Ac 20:24 or ὁ λόγος τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ (=τοῦ κυρίου) 14:3; 20:32. Even the gospel message can be called ἡ χάρις τοῦ θεοῦ 13:43; cp. 18:27; MPol 2:3. τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος the Spirit from or through whom (God’s) favor is shown Hb 10:29 (AArgyle, Grace and the Covenant: ET 60, ’48/49, 26f).—Pl. benefits, favors (Diod S 3, 2, 4; 3, 73, 6; Sb 8139, 4 [ins of I B.C.] of Isis; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 190) 1 Cl 23:1.—Nelson Glueck, Das Wort ḥesed etc. 1927, but s. FAndersen, ‘Yahweh, the Kind and Sensitive God’: God Who is Rich in Mercy, ed. PO’Brien/DPeterson ’86.

④ exceptional effect produced by generosity, favor. Of effects produced by divine beneficence which go beyond those associated with a specific Christian’s status (ins μεγάλαι χάριτες τοῦ θεου: FCumont, Syria 7, 1926, 347ff), in the congregations of Macedonia 2 Cor 8:1 and Corinth 9:14; cp. vs. 8; in Rome AcPl Ha 7, 8. The Christian confessor is in full possession of divine grace ISm 11:1. Paul knows that through the χάρις of God he has been called to be an apostle, and that he has been fitted out w. the powers and capabilities requisite for this office fr. the same source: Ro 1:5; 12:3; 15:15; 1 Cor 3:10; 15:10ab (for the subject matter cp. Polyb. 12, 12b, 3 αὐτὸν [Alex. the Great] ὑπὸ τοῦ δαιμονίου τετευχέναι τούτων ὧν ἔτυχεν=whatever he has received he has received from what is divine. [For this reason he does not deserve any divine honors.]); 2 Cor 12:9; Gal 2:9; Eph 3:2, 7f; Phil 1:7.—The χάρις of God manifests itself in various χαρίσματα: Ro 12:6; Eph 4:7; 1 Pt 4:10. This brings into view a number of passages in which χάρις is evidently to be understood in a very concrete sense. It is hardly to be differentiated fr. δύναμις (θεοῦ) or fr. γνῶσις or δόξα (q.v. 1b. On this subj. s. Wetter [5 below] p. 94ff; esp. 130ff; pap in the GLumbroso Festschr. 1925, 212ff: χάρις, δύναμις, πνεῦμα w. essentially the same mng.; PGM 4, 2438; 3165; Herm. Wr. 1, 32; Just., D. 87, 5 ἀπὸ χάριτος τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ πνεύματος). οὐκ ἐν σοφίᾳ σαρκικῇ ἀλλʼ ἐν χάριτι θεοῦ 2 Cor 1:12. οὐκ ἐγὼ δὲ ἀλλὰ ἡ χάρις τοῦ θεοῦ σὺν ἐμοί 1 Cor 15:10c. αὐξάνετε ἐν χάριτι καὶ γνώσει τοῦ κυρίου 2 Pt 3:18; cp. 1 Cl 55:3; B 1:2 (τῆς δωρεᾶς πνευματικῆς χάρις). Stephen is said to be πλήρης χάριτος καὶ δυνάμεως Ac 6:8. Divine power fills the Christian confessor or martyr w. a radiant glow MPol 12:1 (but s. 1 above). As the typical quality of the age to come, contrasted w. the κόσμος D 10:6.

⑤ response to generosity or beneficence, thanks, gratitude (a fundamental component in the Gr-Rom. reciprocity system; exx. fr. later times: Diod S 11, 71, 4 [χάριτες=proofs of gratitude]; Appian, Syr. 3, 12; 13. Cp. Wetter [below] p. 206f) χάριν ἔχειν τινί be grateful to someone (Eur., Hec. 767; X., An. 2, 5, 14; Pla., Phlb. 54d; Ath. 2, 1; PLips 104, 14 [I B.C.] χάριν σοι ἔχω) foll. by ὅτι (Epict. 3, 5, 10; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 270; 2, 49) Lk 17:9 (ERiggenbach, NKZ 34, 1923, 439–43); mostly of gratitude to God or Christ; χάρις in our lit. as a whole, in the sense gratitude, refers to appropriate respone to the Deity for benefits conferred (Hom., Pind., Thu. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; Jos., Ant. 7, 208) χάριν ἔχω τῷ θεῷ (POxy 113, 13 [II A.D.] χάριν ἔχω θεοῖς πᾶσιν.—Epict. 4, 7, 9) 2 Ti 1:3; foll. by ὅτι because 1 Ti 1:12 (Herm. Wr. 6, 4 κἀγὼ χάριν ἔχω τῷ θεῷ …, ὅτι; Jos., Ant. 4, 316); χάριν ἔχειν ἐπί τινι be grateful for someth. Phlm 7 v.l. (to humans). ἔχωμεν χάριν let us be thankful (to God) Hb 12:28 (the reason for it is given by the preceding ptc. παραλαμβάνοντες). Elliptically (B-D-F §128, 6; cp. Rob. 1201f) χάρις (ἔστω) τῷ θεῷ (X., Oec. 8, 16 πολλὴ χάρις τοῖς θεοῖς; Epict. 4, 4, 7 χάρις τῷ θεῳ; BGU 843, 6 [I/II A.D.] χάρις τοῖς θεοῖς al. in pap since III B.C..—Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 309) Ro 7:25; MPol 3:1. Foll. by ὅτι (X., An. 3, 3, 14 τοῖς θεοῖς χάρις ὅτι; PFay 124, 16 τοῖς θεοῖς ἐστιν χάρις ὅτι; Epict. 4, 5, 9) Ro 6:17. Foll. by ἐπί τινι for someth. (UPZ 108, 30 [99 B.C.]) 2 Cor 9:15. The reason for the thanks is given in the ptc. agreeing w. τῷ θεῷ 2:14; 8:16; 1 Cor 15:57 (cp. Jos., Ant. 6, 145; Philo, Somn. 2, 213). Thankfulness (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 15 §51 πρός τινα=toward someone) χάριτι in thankfulness 10:30. So prob. also ἐν τῇ χάριτι in a thankful spirit Col 3:16 (Dibelius, Hdb. ad loc.). πλησθῆναι χαρᾶς καὶ χάριτος AcPl Ha 8, 7. S. εὐχαριστέω, end. Also PSchubert, Form and Function of the Pauline Thanksgivings ’39.—OLoew, Χάρις, diss., Marburg 1908; GWetter, Charis 1913; AvHarnack, Sanftmut, Huld u. Demut in der alten Kirche: JKaftan Festschr. 1920, 113ff; NBonwetsch, Zur Geschichte des Begriffs Gnade in der alten Kirche: Harnack Festgabe 1921, 93–101; EBurton, Gal ICC 1921, 423f; WWhitley, The Doctrine of Grace ’32; JMoffatt, Grace in the NT ’31; RWinkler, D. Gnade im NT: ZST 10, ’33, 642–80; RHomann, D. Gnade in d. Syn. Ev.: ibid. 328–48; JWobbe, D. Charisgedanke b. Pls ’32; RBultmann, Theologie des NT ’48, 283–310 (Paul); HBoers, Ἀγάπη and Χάρις in Paul’s Thought: CBQ 59, ’97, 693–713; on 2 Cor 8: FDanker, Augsburg Comm. 2 Cor, 116–34; PRousselot, La Grâce d’après St. Jean et d’après St. Paul: SR 18, 1928, 87–108, Christent. u. Wissensch. 8, ’32, 402–30; JMontgomery, Hebrew Hesed and Gk. Charis: HTR 32, ’39, 97–102; Dodd 61f; TTorrance, The Doctrine of Grace in the Apost. Fathers, ’48; JRenié, Studia Anselmiana 27f, ’51, 340–50; CRSmith, The Bible Doctrine of Grace, ’56; EFlack, The Concept of Grace in Bibl. Thought: Bibl. Studies in Memory of HAlleman, ed. Myers, ’60, 137–54; DDoughty, NTS 19, ’73, 163–80.—B. 1166. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.