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101 κύαμος
A bean, Vicia Faba,κ. μελανόχροες Il.13.589
, cf. Emp. 141, IG22.1013.19, etc.;χλωροί Batr.125
;κ. Ἑλληνικός Dsc.2.105
; abominated by Pythagoreans, Arist.Fr. 195, etc.; also, of the plant, Thphr.CP4.14.2.2 Egyptian bean, Nelumbium speciosum, Id.HP4.8.7; usu. Αἰγύπτιος κ., Nic.Fr.81, D.S.1.10, Dsc.2.106, Gal.6.532, 19.780.II lot by which public officers were elected at Athens and elsewh. (because those who drew white beans were chosen), Plu.Per.27;ὁ τῷ κυάμῳ λαχὼν Ἀθηναίων πολεμαρχέειν Hdt. 6.109
;ἐπίσκοπος.. τῷ κυάμῳ λαχών Ar.Av. 1022
; οἱ πεντακόσιοι <οἱ> λαχόντες τῷ κ. Lex ap.And.1.96;βουλὴ ἡ ἀπὸ τοῦ κ. Th.8.66
, cf.Arist. Ath.24.3, 32.1;ἄρχοντας ἀπὸ κ. καθιστάναι X.Mem.1.2.9
;κυάμοισι τὰς ἀρχὰς αἱρέεσθαι Luc.Vit.Auct.6
; B 30 (Erythrae, v B.C.);κυάμῳ πατρίῳ S.Fr. 404
.IV woodlouse, Gal.12.367. -
102 κύκλιος
A round, circular,ἀσπίς Archestr.Fr.13.3
; ὕδωρ κύκλιον, of the Delian lake (cf. τροχοειδής), E.IT 1104 (lyr.).II κύκλιος χορός, ὁ, ci cular or cyclic chorus, prop. of any which were danced in a ring round an altar, chiefly used of dithyrambic choruses, opp. those which were arranged in a square (τετράγωνοι Timae.44
), Ar.Nu. 333, Ra. 366, Fr.149.10, X.Oec. 8.20, Aeschin.3.232, etc.;ἐν τῷ ἀγῶνι τῶν κ. χορῶν Schwyzer 91.26
(Argos, iii B.C.); τῶν κ. (without χορῶν) Ἀρχ. Ἐφ. 1913.7 (Nisyros, iii B.C.), cf. Inscr.Cos13.4;ἐν τοῖς κ. ἀγῶσιν OGI213.38
(Didyma, iv/ iii B.C.); invented by Arion, Arist.Fr. 677: henceκύκλιον ὠρχήσαντο Call.Del. 313
;εἱλισσόμεναι κύκλια E.IA 1055
(lyr.).2 κ. μέλη dithyrambs, Ar.Av. 918; κύκλιος ἀναβολή Eup.l.c.3 = κυκλικός 11, AP11.130 (Poll.).4 = χορίαμβος, Sch.Heph.p.303 C.III name of month at Epidaurus, IG42(1).115.23 (iv/iii B.C.), al.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κύκλιος
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103 λείβηθρον
λείβ-ηθρον, τό,II Λείβηθρον, τό, mountain district of Thrace inhabited by Orpheus, Str.9.2.25, etc.;τὸ Λιβήθριον Paus.9.34.4
: the inhabitants were proverbially dull, whence the phrasesᾄδειν ἀμουσότερα Λειβηθρίων Aristaenet.1.27
;Λειβηθρίων ἀνοητότεροι Thugen. 4
: the [full] Λειβηθρίδες or Λειβηθρίδες ([etym.] -ιάδες, -ιαι) Νύμφαι were freq. confounded with the Muses, Str.9.2.25, 10.3.17, Paus.l.c., Orph.Fr. 342.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λείβηθρον
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104 ληναῖος
1 epith. of Dionysus, as god of the wine-press, D.S.3.63.2 [full] Λήναια (sc. ἱερά), τά, the Lenaea, an Athenian (also Rhodian, IG12(1).125) festival held in the month Ληναιών (i.e. Gamelion) in honour of Dionysus, at which there were dramatic contests, esp. of the Com. Poets, Ar.Ach. 1155 (lyr.).3 [full] Λήναιον, τό, the Lenaeum, the place at Athens where the Lenaea were held, οὑπὶ Ληναίῳ ἀγών the Lenaean dramatic contest, opp. τὰ κατ' ἄστυ, ib. 504, cf. Pl.Prt. 327d, Lex ap. D.21.10;Διονύσια τὰ ἐπὶ Ληναίῳ SIG1029.9
(iv B.C.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ληναῖος
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105 Λοκροί
Λοκρ-οί, οἱ,A the Locrians, of whom there were three tribes, the Opuntian, opposite Euboea, Il.2.527, Th.1.108, Str.9.3.1,9.3.17; the Epicnemidian, on Mt. Cnemis on the Maliac Gulf, Id.ll.cc.; and the Ozolian, on the Corinthian Gulf, Th.1.5, 103, etc.: the Epizephyrian or Zephyrian were a colony of the last on Mt. Zephyrium in lower Italy, Pi.O.10(11).13, Th.4.24 sq.,7.1, etc.: prov. Λοκρῶν σύνθημα, of deceit, Eust.275.43, Hsch., Suid.:—Adj. [full] Λοκρός, ά, όν, Locrian, Lyc. 1429:—also [full] Λοκρικός, ή, όν, Poll.4.65, etc.:—fem. [full] Λοκρίς, ίδος, Pi. P.2.19; ἡ Λ. (sc. γῆ) Ar.Av. 152, etc. -
106 μάλα
A very, exceedingly, prefixed or subjoined to Adjectives, Verbs, and Adverbs:1 strengthening the word with which it stands,a with Adjs., in Hom. most freq., μάλα πολλά very many, Od.1.1; μ. πᾶσα, μ. πάντα, every one, all together, Il.13.741, Od.2.306, etc.; μάλ' ἀσκηθής all unhurt, 5.26; ἀβληχρὸς μ. τοῖος quite gentle, 11.135; σαρδάνιον μ. τοῖον a quite sardonic smile, 20.302;μάλα μυρίοι 15.556
, 16.121, etc.; ἐμέο πρότερος μ. actually before me, Il.10.124; later, μ. φιλόσοφοι, πλάτανος μάλ' ἀμφιλαφής, etc., Pl.Prm. 126b, Phdr. 230b, etc.: strengthd., μ. δὴ πρεσβύτης very old, X.Cyr.8.7.1;μ. γέ τινες ὀλίγοι Pl.R. 531e
.b with Advs., πάγχυ μ., μ. πάγχυ, quite utterly, Il.12.165, 14.143;πάνυ μ. Pl.Phd. 80c
; εὖ μ. right well, Od.22.190, Pl.Phd. 92d, etc.;μάλα.. εὖ Od.23.175
, cf. Pl.Tht. 156a; μάλ' αὐτίκα (v. αὐτίκα) ; μάλ' αἰεί for ever and aye, Il.13.557, 23.717; ἄχρι μ. κνέφαος until quite dark, Od.18.370; μάλ' ὧδε just in this way, 6.258; μ. διαμπερές right through, Il.20.362; μ. μόλις (v. μόλις); to express repeated action,μάλ' αὖθις A.Ag. 1345
, Ch. 654; , etc.; μ. alone,ἔα, ἔα μ. A.Ch. 870
;οἲ μ. καὶ τόδ' ἀλγῶ Id.Pers. 1045
(lyr.); q. (soἄλλος πύργος.., καὶ ἕτερος μ. ἐπὶ τούτῳ Hdt. 1.181
, cf. 7.186): freq. afterκαί, αὗταί σ' ὁδηγήσουσι καὶ μάλ' ἀσμένως A.Pr. 728
, cf. Ch. 879: with neg., μάλ' οὐ, μάλ' οὔ πως, Il.2.241, Od. 5.103;οὐ μ. Hdt.1.93
, 2.37, S.Ph. 676 (lyr.).c with Verbs,μήτ' ἄρ με μάλ' αἴνεε Il.10.249
;μ. τ' ἔκλυον αὐτοῦ 1.218
; ἡ δὲ μάλ' ἡνιόχευεν drove carefully, Od.6.319; μ... προπέμπει in earnest, A.Th. 915 (lyr.), cf. Eu. 368 (lyr.);καὶ μ. δοκοῦντας φρονίμους εἶναι X.Cyr.6.1.36
;μ. πολιορκούμενοι Id.HG7.1.25
.2 strengthening an assertion, νῦν σε μ. χρὴ αἰχμητὴν ἔμεναι, i.e. now or never, Il.16.492; τῷ κε μάλ' ἤ κεν μεῖνε .. then doubtless he would have stayed, Od.4.733; σοὶ δὲ μάλ' ἕψομ' ἐγώ yes indeed.., Il.10.108; ἀλλὰ μάλ' ὤφελλες why plainly.., Od.4.472: freq. with another word, as ἦ μ. δή .. now in very truth, Il.5.422, etc.;ἦ δή που μ. 21.583
; freq. ἦ μ. (without δή) 3.204, etc.3 in Hom. sts. after εἰ, as εἰ μ. μιν χόλος ἵκοι if wrath come on him ever so much, Il.17.399, cf. Od.5.485, al.;καὶ εἰ μ. τις πολεμίζοι Il.9.318
; also μ. περ c. part., μ. περ μεμαώς though desiring never so much, 13.317, cf. 14.58, 17.710, al.;καὶ μ. περ 1.217
, cf. 17.571;καὶ εὐρέα περ μάλ' ἐόντα Od.18.385
.4 in [dialect] Att. freq. in answers, yes, certainly,μ. γε Pl.R. 555d
, 564e, etc.;μ. τοι X.Mem.1.2.46
;καὶ μ. Pl.Phdr. 258c
;καὶ μ. γε Id.Tht. 148c
, etc.; καὶ μ. δή ib. 177a; καὶ μ. ἐπαύσατο certainly it stopped, Id.Smp. 189a, etc.II [comp] Comp. [full] μᾶλλον [[pron. full] ᾱ by nature, Hdn.Gr.2.932], [dialect] Ion. [full] μάλιον [pron. full] [ᾰ] only in Tyrt.12.6, cf. Choerob.in An.Ox.2.240; late [dialect] Dor. [full] μαλλότερον Pempel. ap. Stob.4.25.52:—more, rather, Il.5.231, Od.1.351, al.: mostly folld. by ἤ, but in Prose also by a gen., μ. τοῦ ξυμφέροντος more than is expedient, Antipho 5.1;μ. τοῦ δέοντος Pl.Grg. 487b
, X.Mem.4.3.8 (sts. expressed by μᾶλλον alone, Pl. Phd. 63d);οὐπώποτ' ἔργου μ. εἱλόμην λόγους E.Fr. 394
; παντὸς μ. most assuredly, Pl.Lg. 715d (v. infr. 8); in Id.Ap. 36d, οὐκ ἔσθ' ὅτι μ. πρέπει οὕτως, ὡς.., ὡς is prob. = ἤ (v. ὡς): denoting a constant increase, more and more, sts. doubled,μ. μ. E.IT 1406
, Ar.Ra. 1001 (lyr.), Alex.29: in positive sense, exceedingly,κηρόθι μ. Il.9.300
, Od.15.370, al.:—Usage:1 freq. strengthened by other words,πολὺ μ. Il.9.700
, etc.;ἔτι μ. 14.97
, al.;μ. ἔτ' ἢ τὸ πάροιθεν Od.1.322
;καὶ μ. Il.8.470
;καὶ μ. ἔτι Od.18.22
;ἔτι καὶ μ. Pi.P.10.57
;ἔτι καὶ πολὺ μ. Il.23.386
, 429, Hes.Th. 428;ἐπὶ μ. Hdt.3.104
;ἔτι ἐπὶ μ. Id.1.94
;πολλῷ μ. Pl.Phd. 80e
, 1 Ep.Cor.12.22: also modified, μᾶλλόν τι somewhat more,μ. τι περιημέκτεε Hdt.1.114
, cf.50, etc.;μ. ἤδη προσδεχομένου Th.8.71
.2 sts. with a second [comp] Comp.,ῥηΐτεροι μ. Il.24.243
, cf. Hdt.1.32, A.Th. 673, Supp. 279, S.Ant. 1210, E.El. 222, Pl. Phd. 79e, Is.4.14 (s.v.l.), Arist.Top. 116b24.3 μᾶλλον δέ much more.., or rather.., to correct a statement already made,ὁ δεσπότης πέπραγεν εὐτυχέστατα, μ. δ' ὁ Πλοῦτος αὐτός Ar.Pl. 634
;πολλοί, μ. δὲ πάντες D.18.65
, cf. Pl.Smp. 173e; soἢ μ. Corn.ND20
, Simp.in Ph.25.16; οὐχὶ μ. ἤ .. not so, but rather so.., Th.2.87.6 μ. ἤ .. folld. by οὐ in comparisons, where preference implies rejection or denial, : preceded by another neg., Hdt.4.118, 5.94, 7.16. γ, etc.: by an interrog. which conveys a neg. force, τίδεῖ.. μᾶλλον, ἤ οὐ .. ; X.HG6.3.15.7 τὸ μ. καὶ ἧττον, a form of argument, a fortiori, Arist.Rh. 1397b12.8 παντὸς μ., v. πᾶς 111.4.III [comp] Sup. [full] μάλιστα most of all, above all, Hom., etc.;πᾶσι, μάλιστα δ' ἐμοί Od.21.353
; μ. μὲν.., ἔπειτα or ἔπειτα δέ .., first and above all.., next.., S.OT 647, cf. Ph. 1285; μ. μὲν.., δεύτερον δὲ .. Is.2.20; μ. μὲν.., εἰ δὲ μὴ .. Hdt.8.22, Th.1.40, Pl.R. 590d, D.20.25, etc.;τοῦτο δ' ἐστὶ μ. μὲν θάνατος, εἰ δὲ μή, πάντα τὰ ὄντα ἀφελέσθαι Id.21.152
; μάλιστα μὲν.., μᾶλλον μέντοι .. Pl.Smp. 180b; μάλιστα.., εἰ μὴ δ' .. S.Ph. 617; δοκέων μιν μ. ταύτης ἂν πείθεσθαι certainly, Hdt.3.53; τί μ.; what precisely? Pl.Grg. 448d, cf. Men. 80b, Smp. 218c: c. gen. partit.,μ. πάντων Hdt.2.37
, Pl.Prt. 327a, cf. Th. 4.86; τὸ μ. πάντων the supreme reality, Plot.5.5.11; τὸ μ. εἶναι the highest degree of being, Id.6.2.7.1 strengthd., ὡς μ. certainly, A.Supp. 294, Pl.R. 460a, etc.;ὅσον μ. A.Pr. 524
;ὅσα ἐδύνατο μ. Hdt.1.185
;ὡς δύναμαι μ. Pl.R. 367b
;ὡς οἷόν τε μ. Id.Grg. 510b
;εἰς ὅσον ἀνθρώπῳ δυνατὸν μ. Id.Phdr. 277a
;ὅτι μ. δύνασαι Id.Sph. 239b
;μακρῷ μ. Hdt.1.171
;πολλῷ μ. Paus.1.42.3
;παντὸς μ. D.H.3.35
, etc.2 with the Art., ἐς τὰ μ. in the highest degree, Hdt.1.20, 2.76, Th.6.104, 8.6, D.21.212: withoutἐς, φίλοι τὰ μ. Hdt.2.147
, cf.Th. 1.92, D.21.62;τά γε μ. Pl.Lg. 794d
; εἰ τὰ μ. ἦσαν ἀληθεῖς if they were ever so true, D.18.95; εἰ τὰ μ. μὴ τινές, ἀλλὰ πάντες .. if ( to put an extreme case) not some, but all.., Id.20.2;εἰ.. δοκοίη τὰ μ. Id.18.21
; ἀνὴρ δόκιμος ὁμοῖα τῷ μ. as famous as he that is most [famous], Hdt.7.118, cf. 3.8;τοῖς μάλισθ' ὁμοίως D.Ep.2.24
.b ἐν τοῖς μ. especially, as much as any, Th.8.90, Pl.Smp. 173b, etc.: with a [comp] Sup.,ἐν τοῖς μ. ὠμότατος Ael.VH14.40
;φιλτάτη καὶ ἀναγκαιοτάτη ἐν τοῖς μ. Procop.Arc.4
.3 added to a [comp] Sup. (v.μάλα 11.2
, πλεῖστον) , ἔχθιστος μ., μ. φίλτατος, Il.2.220, 24.334;μ. κῃ ἐμφερέστατα Hdt.2.76
;μ. φίλτατος E.Hipp. 1421
: to a [comp] Comp. (?),μ. δὴ ὀκνηρότεροι ἐγένοντο Th.4.55
.5 with numerals, in round numbers, about, Th.3.29, 92, X.HG5.2.31, etc.; πεντήκοντα μάλιστα is 49 in Th.1.118;ἑκατοστὸς μ. 99t
h, Id.8.68; ἐς μέσον μάλιστά κῃ about the middle, Hdt. 1.191, cf. 76;ἥμισυ μ. Th.1.93
; μ. σφᾶς μεσοῦν δειπνοῦντας that they were about the middle of supper, Pl.Smp. 175c;κου μ. Hdt.7.22
;μ. πως Plb.2.41.13
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107 μείγνυμι
μείγνυμι or [full] μίγνυμι, μ<ε> ίγνυσι Pl.Lg. 691e; imper. μ<ε> ίγνυ Id.Phlb. 63e:—also μ<ε> ιγνύω, Damox.2.60, Arist.HA 627a23, Thphr. Lap.53, etc.: [tense] impf. ἐμ<ε> ίγνυν, pl. ἐμ<ε>ίγνυσαν ( συν-) X.Cyr.8.1.46; poet. μ<ε> ίγνυον Pi.N.4.21: [tense] fut. μ<ε> ίξω Od.22.221 ( μετα-), S.OC 1047 (lyr.), Pl.Phlb. 64b: [tense] aor. ἔμ<ε> ιξα Archil.86, Pi.I.7(6).25, etc.; inf. μ<ε> ῖξαι Il.15.510: [tense] pf. μέμῐχα ( συμ-) Plb.16.10.1, 38.13.5: [tense] plpf. ἐμεμίχειν [pron. full] [ῐ] ( συν-) D.C.47.45:—[voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., [full] μ<ε>ίγνυμαι Pl. Phd. 113c: [tense] impf. ἐμ<ε>ίγνυντο (ἐπ-) Th.2.1: [tense] fut. μ<ε> ίξομαι Od.6.136, 24.314, μεμ<ε> ίξομαι Hes.Op. 179, μ<ε> ιχθήσομαι Aeschin.1.166 ( ἀνα-), Palaeph.13; alsoAμῐγήσομαι Il.10.365
: [tense] aor. 1 ἐμίχθη ib. 457, ἐμ<ε> ίχθην A.Supp. 295, Hdt.2.181, Ph.Bel.70.5, etc.; inf.μιχθήμεναι Il. 11.438
; but in Hom. and [dialect] Att. more commonly [tense] aor. 2 ἐμίγην [ῐ]; [dialect] Ep.μίγην Il.21.143
; inf.μιγήμεναι 15.409
,μιγῆν Parm.12.5
; both forms in Trag., μ<ε>ιχθῆναι A.l.c., al. (v. infr.),μιγῆναι Id.Pr.738
: [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. [voice] Pass.ἔμικτο Od.1.433
,μίκτο Il.11.354
, 16.813, A.R.3.1223; part. μίγμενος in trans. sense, Nic. Al. 574: [tense] aor. [voice] Med. ἐμ<ε> ιξάμην Thphr. CP3.22.3: [tense] pf.μέμιγμαι Il.10.424
, etc.; [ per.] 3pl. ἀνα-μεμ<ε> ίχαται Hdt.1.146: [tense] plpf.ἐμέμικτο Il.4.438
.—For the [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. Hom. and Hdt. always use μίσγω, which occurs once in Trag., S.Fr. 271 (anap.), never in Com., sts. in [dialect] Att. Prose, Th.6.104 ( προς-), Thphr.Sens.43; part. ; also [tense] impf.ἔμισγον Th.3.22
( προς-), Pl.Ti. l.c.; also in later Prose, Plb.9.8.9 ( προς-), 18.32.2, 31.17.5 ( συμ-), PTeb.12.7, 18, 26.3 ( συμ-, ii B. C.), etc.: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.ἐμισγέσκοντο Od. 20.7
. (In codd. usu. [pref] μι- in all tenses and derivs.; in Inscrr. and Pap. freq. [pref] μει-, e.g.μειγνύς Phld.Mus.p.13
K.,μειγνύμενος Limen.14
( 128/7 B.C.),ὀν-εμείχνυτο Sapph.Supp. 20c
.2 ( = pp.21,78 Lobel, ὀνεμίγνυτο ib. 20b.4): [tense] fut. inf. συν-μείσχι[ν] IG12.920 (vi B. C.): [tense] aor.συνέμειξα PPetr.2p.64
(iii B. C.); inf.συμ-μεῖξαι PEleph.29.11
(iii B. C.): [tense] pf. [voice] Pass.μέμειγμαι Phld.Vit.p.34
J.: [tense] aor. [voice] Pass.ἐμείχθην A.Fr.99.5
(Pap. of ii B. C.), E.Antiop.iv B 45 (Pap. of iii B. C.), Phld.Po.2.12; similarlyμεῖξις Id.Mus.p.65
K.; σύμ-μεικτος freq. in [dialect] Att. Inscrr., IG 22.1388.63 (iv B. C.), al.;μεικτός PCair.Zen.292.25
, al. (iii B. C.): [pref] μι- is found inσυνανα-μιγνύμενα Phld.D.3.9
,μιγνύωσι Id.Ir.p.41
K.: [tense] aor. inf. (Halasarna, late iii B. C.): [tense] pf. part. [voice] Pass. μεμιγμένος Wilcken Chr.198.12 (iii B. C.): [tense] aor. part. [voice] Pass.μιχθείς Pae.Erythr.5
(iv B. C. and ii A. D., v. l. μει- ii A. D.); similarlyσύμ-μικτος AJA31.350
(vase, v B. C.); the oldest forms were prob. μίσγω μείξω ἔμειξα μέμιγμαι ἐμίχθην (μίκτο) μεῖγμα μίξις μικτός (cf. the forms of τεύχω, φεύγω, etc.); the μει- forms already in v B. C. had encroached, and after 150 B.C. were freq. written μι- (i. e. μῑ-)):— mix, strictly of liquids,οἶνον ἐνὶ κρητῆρσι καὶ ὕδωρ Od.1.110
, etc.; also of a solid and liquid,θρόμβῳ δ' ἔμ<ε>ιξεν αἵματος φίλον γάλα A.Ch. 546
; of two solids,ἅλεσσι μεμιγμένον εἶδαρ Od.11.123
; alsoμ. ἐκ γῆς καὶ πυρός Pl.Prt. 320d
;μ<ε>ιγνὺς [ταῦτα] μετὰ τῆς οὐσιας Id.Ti. 35b
:—[voice] Med. for [voice] Act., AP7.44 ([place name] Ion), Nic.Th. 603:—[voice] Pass., v. infr. B.II generally, join, bring together, in various ways:1 in hostile sense, μ<ε>ῖξαι χεῖράς τε μένος τε join battle hand to hand, Il.15.510;μ<ε>ίξαντες.. Ἄρευα Alc.31
;Κόλχοισι βίαν μ. Pi.P.4.213
; χερσὶν ἐναντία χεῖρας ἔμ<ε> ιξεν A.R.2.78; Ἄρη μ<ε> ίξουσιν S.OC 1047 (lyr.):—[voice] Pass.,μ<ε>ιγνυμένου πολέμου Callin.1.11
.b in good sense, ἀλώπηξ καἰετὸς ξυνωνίην ἔμ<ε> ιξαν Archil.86.2 bring into connexion with, make acquainted with,ἄνδρας.. μισγέμεναι κακότητι καὶ ἄλγεσι Od.20.203
; Καδμεῖοί νιν.. ἄνθεσι μ<ε> ίγνυον covered him with flowers, Pi.N.4.21; reversely, ᾧ πότμον.. Ἄρης ἔμ<ε> ιξεν upon whom A. brought death, Id.l.7(6).25.B [voice] Pass., with [tense] fut. [voice] Med. μείξομαι (v. sub init.):—to be mixed up with, mingled among,προμάχοισιν ἐμίχθη Il.5.134
, etc.;ἐνὶ προμάχοισι μιγέντα Od.18.379
; [σῆμα] οὔ τι μεμιγμένον ἐστὶν ὁμίλῳ 8.196
; ἐώλπει μ<ε>ίξεσθαι ξενίῃ hoped to hold intercourse in guest-friendship, 24.314;Τρώεσσιν ἐν ἀγρομένοισιν ἔμιχθεν Il.3.209
, cf. 10.180; ἐν ταῖς κακαῖσιν ἁγαθαὶ μεμ<ε> ιγμέναι E. Ion 399; hold intercourse with, live with, Od.7.247, etc.;ἐμίσγετο δαίμονι δαίμων Emp.59.1
;αἷς οὐ μ<ε>ίγνυται θεῶν τις A.Eu.69
: abs., hold intercourse,θάμ' ἐνθάδ' ἐόντες ἐμισγόμεθ' Od.4.178
.b to be mixed or compounded,μεμ<ε>ιγμένον μέλι σὺν γάλακτι Pi.N.3.77
;Κύπριδος ἐλπὶς.. μειγνυμένα Διονυσίοισι δώροις B.Scol.Oxy. 1361
Fr.1.9; σύλλογος νέων καὶ πρεσβυτέρων μεμ<ε> ιγμένος Pl.Lg. 951d, cf. E.Fr. 997;μεμ<ε>ιγμένην πολιτείαν ἐκ κακοῦ τε καὶ ἀγαθοῦ Pl.R. 548c
;ἔκ τε ταὐτοῦ καὶ θατέρου καὶ τῆς οὐσίας μ. Id.Ti. 35b
.2 to be brought into contact with, κάρη κονίῃσιν ἐμίχθη his head wasrolled in the dust, Il.10.457, Od.22.329;ὅτ' ἐν κονίῃσι μιγείης Il.3.55
; οὐδ' ἔτ' ἔασε [ἔγχος].. μιχθήμεναι ἔγκασι φωτός she let not the spear reach them, 11.438;κλισίῃσι μιγήμεναι 15.409
; ἐς Ἀχαιοὺς μίσγετο went to join them, 18.216; ἔσω μίσγεσθαι to come among us in the house, Od.18.49; μίσγεσθαι ὑπὲρ ποταμοῖο to join the rest across the river, Il.23.73: freq. in Pi. in various senses, c. dat. (with or without ἐν), come to,ἔν τ' Ὠκεανοῦ πελάγεσσι μίγεν P.4.251
; Λακεδαιμονίων μιχθέντες ἀνδρῶν ἤθεσιν ib. 257; ἐν αἱμακουρίαις μέμικται is present at that feast, O.1.91; φύλλοις ἐλαιᾶν μιχθέντα, στεφάνοις ἔμιχθεν ([ per.] 3pl.), come to, i.e. win, the crown of victory, N.1.18, 2.22;μ. εὐλογίαις I.3.3
; μ. ἐν τιμαῖς ib.2.29; μ. θάμβει to be affected by amazement, N.1.56; also βροτοὶ ξὺν κακοῖς μεμ<ε> ιγμένοι S.El. 1485.3 in hostile sense, mix in fight, Il.4.456, cf. Od.5.317; ἐν δαΐ, ἐν παλάμῃσι μ., Il.13.286, 21.469.4 in Hom. and Hes. most freq. of the sexes, have intercourse with, both of the man and the woman, sts. abs., Il.9.275, etc.: more freq. μιγῆναί τινι, of the man, 21.143, etc.; of the woman, Od.1.73;ἄρσενι θῆλυ μιγῆν Parm.12.5
, cf. Pi.P.3.14, al.; but in Trag. only of the man, as μητρὶ μ<ε>ιχθῆναι, μιγῆναι, S.OT 791, 995; but in Com.μ<ε>ιγνυμένας τοῖσιν ἀδελφοῖς Ar.Ra. 1081
(anap.): in Prose [tense] pres. μίσγεσθαι in this sense, of the man, Hdt.2.64, etc.; of the woman, Id.1.5, 199, Od.22.445; in full, φιλότητί τινι μιγῆναι, of the man, Il.6.165; of the woman, ib. 161, Hes.Th. 927, 970, etc.; ἐμισγέσθην φ., of the two, Il.14.295; ἐν φιλότητι μίσγεσθαι (with or without τινι), of the man, 2.232, 24.131; of the woman, h.Hom.33.5; Διὸς φιλότητι μιγῆναι, Διὸς ἐν φ. μ., of the woman, Hes.Th. 920, h.Merc.4; σῇ φ. μ., of the man, h.Ven. 150; εὐνῇ μ., of the man, Od. 1.433; φιλότητι καὶ εὐνῇ, of the man, Il.3.445, cf. Od.15.420; of the woman, 5.126; butἐν ἀγκοίνῃσι Διός 11.268
: c. acc. cogn.,φιλότης.., ἣν ἐμίγης Il.15.33
.—The [tense] aor. I is not used in this sense by Hom., but occurs in the Hymns, h.Ven.46, al.; the [tense] aor. I is more freq. in Hes. and Pi. (Cf. Lat. misceo, Skt. meksáyati 'stir', miśrás 'mixed'.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μείγνυμι
-
108 ξύλον
A Abh. Berl. Akad.1928(6).32
(Cos, v B. C.)), wood cut and ready for use, firewood, timber, etc., Hom., mostly in pl., Il.8.507, 547, Od.14.418 ; ξ. νήϊα ship-timber, Hes.Op. 808 ;ξ. ναυπηγήσιμα Th.7.25
, X.An.6.4.4, Pl.Lg. 706b, D.17.28 ; ξ. τετράγωνα logs cut square, Hdt.1.186, cf. Pl.Prt. 325d, Arist.EN 1109b7.2 in pl., also, the wood-market,ἐπὶ ξύλα ἰέναι Ar.Fr. 403
.II in sg., piece of wood, log, beam, post, once in Hom.,ξ. αὖον.. ἢ δρυὸς ἢ πεύκης Il.23.327
; ξ. σύκινον spoon made of fig wood, Pl.Hp.Ma. 291c ; peg or lever, Arist.MA 701b9 ; perch,ἐπὶ ξύλου καθεύδειν Ar.Nu. 1431
: by poet. periphr.,Ἀργοῦς ξύλον A.Fr.20
; ἵπποιο κακὸν ξ., of the Trojan horse, AP9.152 (Agath.): hence anything made of wood, as,2 cudgel, club, Hdt.2.63,4.180, Ar.Lys. 357, PHal.1.187 (iii B.C.);μετὰ ξύλων εἰσπηδῆσαι PTeb.304.10
(ii A.D.);ξύλοις συντρίψειν Luc.Demon.50
; of the club of Heracles, Plu.Lyc.30.3 an instrument of punishment,a wooden collar, put on the neck of the prisoner,ξύλῳ φιμοῦν τὸν αὐχένα Ar.Nu. 592
;ἐς τετρημένον ξ. ἐγκαθαρμόσαι.. τὸν αὐχένα Id.Lys. 680
; or,b stocks, in which the feet were confined, Hdt.9.37, 6.75, Ar.Eq. 367, D.18.129 ;ξ. ἐφέλκειν Polyzel.3
;ἐν τῷ ξ. δεδέσθαι Lys.10.16
(v. ποδοκάκκη), cf. Act.Ap.16.24, OGI483.181 (Pergam., ii A.D.): also in pl.,ἔδησεν ἐν τοῖς ξ. And.1.45
.c πεντεσύριγγον ξύλον (v. sub voc.) was a combination of both, with holes for the neck, arms, and legs, Ar.Eq. 1049.d gallows,κρεμάσαι τινὰ ἐπὶ ξύλου LXX De.21.22
; ξ. δίδυμον ib.Jo.8.29 : prov., ἐξ ἀξίου τοῦ ξύλου κἂν ἀπάγξασθαι, i.e. if one must be hanged, at least let it be on a noble tree, App.Prov.2.67, cf. Ar.Ra. 736 ; in NT, of the cross, Act.Ap.5.30,10.39.4 bench, table, esp. money-changer's table, D.45.33.5 πρῶτον ξύλον front bench in the Athenian theatre, Ar.Ach.25, V.90, cf. Sch.adlocc.: hence οὑπὶ τῶν ξύλων the official who had to take care of the seats, Hermipp.9 (according to Meineke).6 the Hippocratic bench, Hp.Fract.13, Art.72.III of live wood, tree,[ὄρος] δασὺ πολλοῖς καὶ παντοδαποῖς καὶ μεγάλοις ξύλοις X.An.6.4.5
, cf. Call.Cer.41, Agatharch.55, LXX Ca.2.3, al.: opp. σάρξ, Thphr.HP1.2.6,al. ;τῷ ξ. τοῦ δένδρου ἀνάλογον τὴν λεγομένην εἶναι γῆν Plot.6.7.11
;τὸ ξ. τῆς ἀμπέλου E.Cyc. 572
; εἴρια ἀπὸ ξύλου, of cotton, Hdt.3.47 ;εἵματα ἀπὸ ξύλων πεποιημένα Id.7.65
, cf.Poll.7.75.IV of persons, blockhead, APl.4.187 ; of a stubborn person,σίδηρός τις ἢ ξ. πρὸς τὰς δεήσεις Ach.Tat.5.22
. -
109 οἶδα
οἶδα,A [tense] pf. morphology, οἶδα I know, used as [tense] pres.: [tense] plpf. ᾔδεα (v. infr.), I knew, used as [tense] impf.:—[tense] pf. οἶδα, [dialect] Aeol.ὄϊδα Alc. 145
; [ per.] 2sg. οἶδας once in Hom., Od.1.337, cf. h.Merc. 456, Thgn.491, Hippon.89, Hp.Acut.67, E.Alc. 780, Philem.44.3 codd.; οἶσθα elsewh. in Hom., [dialect] Att., etc.; in Com. also sts.οἶσθας Cratin.105
, Alex.15.11, Men.348.5, cf. Herod.2.55; pl., ἴσμεν, [dialect] Ep., [dialect] Aeol., and [dialect] Dor. ἴδμεν, also [dialect] Ion., Hdt.1.6, al.; ἴστε, ἴσασι [ῐς- Od.2.211, al., but ῑς- ib. 283, al.];οἴδαμεν Hdt.2.17
,οἴδατε AP12.81
(Mel.),οἴδᾱσι Hdt.2.43
, X.Oec. 20.14 codd.; dual,οἴδατον Socr.Ep.22.1
: imper. ἴσθι, ἴστω, [dialect] Boeot. ἴττω, late codd.: from [ per.] 3pl. ἴσασι (ἴσαντι Epich. 53
) were formed [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 1sg.ἴσᾱμι Epich.254
, Pi.P.4.248; [ per.] 3sg.ἴσατι IG14.644.4
([place name] Bruttii); [ per.] 1pl.ἴσᾰμεν Pi.N.7.14
, ἴσαμες prob. in Dialex. 6.12; Cret. [ per.] 3pl. subj. ; inf. ϝισάμην Kohler-Ziebarth Stadtrecht von Gortyn 34 No.3.19; part.ἴσας A.D.Adv.175.19
, dat. sg.ἴσαντι Pi.P.3.29
, Cret. pl. : subj. εἰδῶ (εἰδέω, ἰδέω, Il.14.235, Od.16.236), [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl. (Halic., V B.C.); [dialect] Ep. alsoεἴδω Od.1.174
, al. (cf. Hdn. Gr.2.131),εἴδομεν Il.1.363
,εἴδετε Od.9.17
: opt. εἰδείην, [ per.] 1pl. , R. 582a: inf. εἰδέναι, [dialect] Ep. ἴδμεναι, ἴδμεν, alsoἰδέμεν Pi.N.7.25
: part. εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα, [dialect] Ep. also ἰδυῖα, Elean :—[tense] plpf.ᾔδεα Il.14.71
, Hdt.2.150, [var] contr.ᾔδη S.Ant.18
, Ar.Av. 511, Pl.Smp. 199a,ᾔδησθα Od.19.93
, Eup. 416, etc. (but ᾔδεισθα freq. in codd., Ar.Ec. 551, E.Cyc. 108, Pl.Men. 80d, al.), ᾔδεε ([etym.] ν) Il.17.402, al.,ᾔδη 1.70
, al. (also later [dialect] Att., acc. to Aristarch. ap. Choerob.in Theod.2.86), [dialect] Att. [var] contr. ᾔδει ([etym.] ν) E. Ion 1187, Ar.V. 558, etc.; [dialect] Ep. 2 and [ per.] 3sg. ἠείδης, ἠείδη (v.l. - εις, - ει), Il.22.280, Od.9.206; [dialect] Att. also [ per.] 1sg.ᾔδειν D.37.24
, [ per.] 2sg. , etc.; pl.,ᾔδειμεν Aeschin.3.82
, Arist.APo. 87b40,ᾔδεμεν Men.14D.
(to be read in S.OT 1232),ᾔδειτε D.55.9
, etc. ( ᾔδετε prob. in E.Ba. 1345), [dialect] Ion.ᾐδέατε Hdt.9.58
([etym.] συν-), ᾔδεισαν LXX Ge.42.23
, Str.15.3.23,ᾔδεσαν Hdt.7.175
, Thgn.54, etc.; late [dialect] Ep. ᾔδειν, ἠείδειν, A.R.2.65,4.1700, also ᾖσμεν, ᾖστε, ᾖσαν, Ar.Fr.149.4 (prob.), S.Fr. 340, E. Cyc. 231, etc.; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.ἴσαν Il.18.405
, Od.4.772:—[tense] fut., in this sense,εἴσομαι Il.1.548
, Hp.VM20, Ar.Ach. 332, etc.; alsoεἰδήσω Od.7.327
, Hdt.7.234, Isoc.1.44, Aen.Tact.31.5, Arist.Top. 108a28, Herod.5.78, Apollon.Perg.Con.1 Praef., etc.; inf.εἰδησέμεν Od.6.257
.—The [tense] aor. and [tense] pf. are usu. supplied by γιγνώσκω; [tense] aor. 1 inf. εἰδῆσαι is found in Hp.Acut.(Sp.) 22, Epid.6.8.25 (ἐξ-), Arist.EN 1156b27, Thphr.Char. Prooem.4; imper.εἴδησον PCair.Zen.36.2
(iii B.C.); [ per.] 3pl. subj. εἰδήσωσιν Herzog Koische Forschungen No. 190 (ii/i B.C.):—know, have knowledge of, be acquainted with, Hom., etc.: c. acc. rei, ; νοήματα, μήδεα οἶδε, Od.2.122, Il.18.363, etc.: less freq. c. acc. pers.,τούτους μὲν δὴ οἶδα Od.4.551
, cf. Pl.R. 365e, D.54.34, etc.; πρῶτος ὧν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν the first we know of, Hdt.1.6, etc.;παλαίτατος ὧν ἀκοῇ ἴσμεν Th.1.4
: strengthd. by εὖ or σάφα, εὖ τόδ' ἴσθι know well, be assured of this, E.Med. 593;σάφ' οἶδ' ἐγώ A.Supp. 740
, etc.: freq. in Hom. with neut. Adj., to express character or disposition, ἄγρια οἶδε has fierceness in his heart, Il.24.41; ἀθεμίστια ᾔδη had law lessness in his heart, Od.9.189; αἴσιμα, ἄρτια ᾔδη, 14.433, 19.248; εἴ μοι ἤπια εἰδείη if he were kindly disposed towards me, Il.16.73;φίλα εἰδότες ἀλλήλοισιν Od.3.277
; κεχαρισμένα, πεπνυμένα εἰδώς, 8.584, 24.442: c. gen.,ὃς σάφα θυμῷ εἰδείη τεράων Il. 12.229
;ὃς πάσης εἰδῇ σοφίης 15.412
; τόξων ἐῢ εἰδώς cunning with the bow, 2.718;αἰχμῆς ἐῢ εἰ. 15.525
;οἰωνῶν σάφα εἰδώς Od.1.202
;ἐῢ εἰδὼς τεκτοσυνάων 5.250
;μάχης ἐῢ εἰδότε πάσης Il.2.823
;κύνε εἰδότε θήρης 10.360
; ;εἰδὼς πυγμαχίης 23.665
;θεοπροπίων ἐῢ εἰδώς 6.438
; χάριν εἰδέναι τινί acknowledge a debt to another, thank him, 14.235, Hdt.3.21, etc.: imper., freq. in protestations, ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς αὐτός be Zeus my witness, Il.10.329;ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα 15.36
, etc.; [dialect] Boeot. ἴττω Ἡρακλῆς etc., Ar.Ach. 860, etc.: part. εἰδώς, abs., one who knows, one acquainted with the fact,ἰδυίῃ πάντ' ἀγορεύω Il.1.365
;μετ' εἰδόσιν ἀγορεύειν 10.250
;μακρηγορεῖν ἐν εἰδόσιν Th.2.36
, cf. 3.53;μαθεῖν παρὰ τοῦ εἰδότος Pl.R. 337d
, etc.; also ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι with knowing mind, Il.1.608,al.2 c. inf., know how to do,οἶδ' ἐπὶ δεξιά, οἶδ' ἐπ' ἀριστερὰ νωμῆσαι βῶν 7.238
, cf. S.Ph. 1010, Ar.V. 376; also, to be in a condition, be able, have the power, E.Med. 664, D.4.40; of drugs,ὅσα λεπτύνειν οἶδε Alex.
Trall.Febr.6; of a festival, οἶδε ἐκπέμπουσα δάκνειν Chor.p.124 B.; learn, .3 c. part., to know that such and such is the fact, the part. being in nom. when it is a predicate of the Subject of the Verb, ἴσθι μοι δώσων know that thou wilt give, A.Ag. 1670;ἴστω ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφεοῦ ἀποθανών Hdt.4.76
; : in acc. when it is predicate of the Object, ; : with part. omitted, γῆν αὐτὰ οἶδεν ἀμφότερα (sc. ὄντα) Jul.Or.7.226a.4 less freq.c.acc. et inf.,πλήθους.. ἂν σάφ' ἴσθ' ἕκατι βάρβαρον ναυσὶν κρατῆσαι A.Pers. 337
, cf. S.Ph. 1329;εὖ ἴσθι τοῦτον.. ἰσχυρῶς ἀνιᾶσθαι X.Cyr.8.3.44
; alsoεὖ τόδ' ἴσθι, μηδάμ' ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ πλῆθος τοσουτάριθμον ἀνθρώπων θανεῖν A.Pers. 431
;ἕν γ' ἀκούσασ' ἴσθι, μὴ ψευδῶς μ' ἐρεῖν E.IA 1005
.5 c. acc. folld. by ὡς, ὅτι, etc.,οἶδα κἀμαυτὴν ὅτι ἀλγῶ S.El. 332
;ἐάν τινα εἰδῶσιν ὅτι ἄδικός ἐστι Pl.Prt. 323b
, etc.6 οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ .. I know not whether, to express disbelief or doubt, sts. with ἄν transposed,οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμί σε E. Alc.48
, cf. D.45.7: with Verb omitted after εἰ, as οὐκ οἶδ' εἴ τις ἄλλος perhaps no other, Isoc.6.1, 12.10.7 in similar ellipses with other Conjunctions, οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως I know not how, Pl.R. 40cb;οὐκ οἶδ' ὁπόθεν Id.Cra. 396d
.8 οἶδα, ἴσθι are freq. parenthetic, ; σάφ' οἶδα ib.94, 963; also οἶδ' ὅτι, οἶσθ' ὅτι, ἴσθ' ὅτι, πάρειμι δ' ἄκων οὐχ ἑκοῦσιν, οἶδ' ὅτι (sc. πάρειμι ) I know it well, S.Ant. 276; οἶδ' ὅτι, freq. in D., as 9.1, al.;σάφ' ἴσθ' ὅτι Ar.Pl. 889
:—οἶσθ' ὅ, οἶσθ' ὡς, with imper., are common in Trag. and Com., οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δρᾶσον; do—thou know'st what, i.e. make haste and do, Ar.Eq. 1158, cf. Pax 1051, etc.; οἶσθ' ὡς πόησον; S.OT 543; also οἶσθ'.. ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇς; Id.OC75; οἶσθα νῦν ἅ μοι γενέσθω; E.IT 1203: rarely with the [tense] fut., οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δράσεις (nisileg. δρᾶσον); Id.Cyc. 131, cf. Med. 600 codd. -
110 οὗτος
οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο, gen. τούτου, ταύτης, τούτου, etc.: the dual fem. never in [dialect] Att., v. ὁ, ἡ, τό, init.:—demonstr. Pron.,A this, common from Hom. downwds.A ORIGIN and FORMS: οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο prob. arose from a reduplication of the demonstr. ὁ, ἡ, τό with insertion of - υ- (= Skt. Particle u), e.g. ταῦτα fr. τα-υ-τα: [dialect] Dor. gen. sg. fem.τούτας Philol.11
; nom. pl.τοῦτοι, ταῦται A.D.Synt.111.23
: the former occurs Sophr.24, GDI 3045 B 6 ([place name] Selinus), SIG339.16 (Rhodes, iii B. C.), etc., the latter is dub. in Sophr.97, certain in SIG 241 B117 (Delph., iv B. C.): in [dialect] Boeot. all forms begin with οὑτ-, as gen. sg. neut.οὕτω Supp.Epigr.3.359.11
(iii B. C.); acc. sg. fem.οὕταν Corinn. Supp.2.80
; acc. pl. neut. (Tanagra, iii B. C.), etc.: gen. pl. fem. [dialect] Att. τούτων, Cret.ταυτᾶν Leg.Gort.5.19
; neut. (Elis, iv B. C.).—In [dialect] Ion. sts. written ταότην, ταο̄τα, SIG283.19 (Chios, iv B. C.), 46.7 (Halic., v B. C.), al.—In [dialect] Att. οὗτος was freq. strengthd. by the demonstr. -ί, οὑτοσί, αὑτηί, τουτί, gen. τουτουί, dat. τουτῳί, acc. τουτονί; pl. nom. οὑτοιί, neut. ταυτί, etc., this man here: sts. a Particle is inserted between the Pron. and -ί, as αὑτηγί for αὑτηί γε, Ar.Ach. 784; τουτογί for τουτί γε, Id.V. 781, Av. 894, al.; ταυταγί for ταυτί γε, Id.Eq. 492, Pax 1057, al.; τουτοδί for τουτὶ δέ, Id.Pl. 227; τουτουμενί for τουτουὶ μέν, Id.Ra. 965.—In codd. the ν ἐφελκυστικόν is sts. added in the forms οὑτοσίν, οὑτωσίν, and οὑτοσίν is said to be [dialect] Att. by A.D.Pron.59.24, 82.11. [This ι is always long, and a long vowel or diphthong before it becomes short, as αὑτη?οὗτοςXί, τουτω?οὗτοςXί, οὑτοῐί, Ar.Nu. 201, Pl.44, Ach.40, etc.]B USAGE in regard to CONCORD. οὗτος is freq. used as a Pron. Subst.: hence neut. is folld. by gen.,κατὰ τοῦτο τῆς ἀκροπόλιος Hdt. 1.84
;εἰς τοῦθ' ὕβρεως ἐλήλυθεν D.4.37
;εἰς τοῦθ' ἥκεις μανίας Id.36.48
;ταῦτα τῶν μαθημάτων Pl.Euthd. 278b
: but quite as freq. as Adj., in which case its Subst. commonly takes the Art., οὗτος ὁ ἀνήρ or ὁ ἀνὴρ οὗτος.—But the Art. is absent,1 always in [dialect] Ep. Poets (exc. Od.18.114),οὗτος ἀνήρ Il.14.471
, Od.1.406, etc.: sts. also in Trag., A.Pers. 122 (lyr.), 495, S.Ph. 406, OC 471, 1177: once in an Inscr., τοπεῖα:τούτων τὰ ἡμίσεα τοπείων IG22.1622.135
(iv B. C.).2 sts. when the Noun is so specified that the Art. is not needed,ἐς γῆν ταύτην.., ἥντινα νῦν Σκύθαι νέμονται Hdt.4.8
; , cf. Pl.R. 449d, etc.;πατὴρ σὸς οὗτος, ὃν θρηνεῖς ἀεί S.El. 530
.4 when the Noun with which οὗτος agrees stands as its Predicate,αὕτη γὰρ ἦν σοι πρόφασις S.Ph. 1034
; δικαστοῦ αὕτη ἀρετή [ἐστι] Pl.Ap. 18a: this exception extends to cases in which the Predicate is not so distinctly separated from the Subject, αἰτίαι μὲν αὗται προυγεγένηντο these were the grievances which already existed, Th.1.66; ταύτην φήμην παρέδοσαν this was the report which.., Pl.Phlb. 16c: freq. with a [comp] Sup., κίνησις αὕτη μεγίστη δὴ.. ἐγένετο this was notably the greatest movement which.., Th.1.1, cf. 3.113: withπρῶτος Id.1.55
,98, 6.31, Ev.Luc. 2.2.5 when [ per.] 3rd pers. is used for [ per.] 2nd to express contempt, οὗτος ἀνήρ, οὑτοσὶ ἀνήρ, Pl.Grg. 467b, 489b, etc.II though οὗτος usu. agrees with the Noun that serves as Predicate, it is not rare to find it in the neut.,μανία δὲ καὶ τοῦτ' ἐστί E.Ba. 305
;τοῦτο γάρ εἰσι.. εὔθυναι D.19.82
, etc.: and in pl.,οὐκ ἔστι ταῦτα ἀρχή Aeschin. 3.13
;ταῦτ' ἐστὶν ὁ προδότης Id.2.166
: so with an explanatory clause added,τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ὁ συκοφάντης, αἰτιᾶσθαι μὲν πάντα ἐξελέγξαι δὲ μηδέν D.57.34
.2 so also with a Noun in apposition,τούτοισιν μὲν ταῦτα μέλει, κίθαρις καὶ ἀοιδή Od.1.159
;τούτου τιμῶμαι, ἐν πρυτανείῳ σιτήσεως Pl.Ap. 36e
, cf. E.Fr.323.3, etc.3 the neut. also may refer to a masc. or fem. Noun, καρπὸν φορέει κυάμῳ ἴσον: τοῦτο ἐπεὰν γένηται πέπον κτλ. Hdt.4.23, cf. X.An.1.5.10, etc.4 the neut. is also used of classes of persons, μελιτοπῶλαι καὶ τυροπῶλαι: , cf. Pl.Lg. 711a; or of an abstract fact,οὐκ Ἰοφῶν ζῇ;—τοῦτο γάρ τοι καὶ μόνον ἔτ' ἐστὶ λοιπὸν ἀγαθόν Ar.Ra.73
.III with Prons.,1 personal, οὗτος σύ, in local sense, v. infr. c.1.5.2 interrog., τί τοῦτ' ἔλεξας; what is this that.. ? S.Ph. 1173 (lyr.), cf. Ant.7; ποίοισι τούτοις; for ποῖά ἐστι ταῦτα οἷς [ἔχεις ἐλπίδα]; Id.OC 388, cf.Ant. 1049; Νέστορ' ἔρειο ὅν τινα τοῦτον ἄγει whom he brings here, Il.11.612.4 possess., πατὴρ σὸς οὗτος this father of thine, S.El. 530, cf. X.An.7.3.30.5 demonstr., οὗτος ἐκεῖνος, τὸν σὺ ζητέεις, where ἐκεῖνος is the Predicate, Hdt.1.32;τοῦτ' ἔστ' ἐκεῖνο E. Hel. 622
, cf. Or. 804; αὐτὸ τοῦτο, v. αὐτός 1.7; τοῦτον τὸν αὐτὸν ἄνδρα this same man, S.Ph. 128.b exceptionally,Διφίλου οὗτος ὅδ' ἐστὶ τύπος IG12(5).300
([place name] Paros).6 ἄλλος τις οὗτος ἀνέστη another man here, Od.20.380.IV with Numerals, τέθνηκε ταῦτα τρία ἔτη these three years, Lys.7.10codd.; [στρατείαν] ἑνδέκατον μῆνα τουτονὶ ποιεῖται for these eleven months, D.8.2, cf. 3.4;τριακοστὴν ταύτην ἡμέραν Men.Epit.27
;ταύτας τριάκοντα μνᾶς D.27.23
, cf. Pl.Grg. 463b, etc.C SIGNIFICATION AND SPECIAL IDIOMS:I this, to designate the nearer, opp. ἐκεῖνος, that, the more remote, ταῦτα, like τὰ ἐνταῦθα, things round and about us, earthly things, Pl.Phd. 75e (v. l.); cf. ὅδε init.: but οὗτος sts. indicates that which is not really nearest, but most important, δεῖ.. τὸ βέλτιστον ἀεί, μὴ τὸ ῥᾷστον λέγειν: ἐπὶ ἐκεῖνο μὲν γὰρ ἡ φύσις αὐτὴ βαδιεῖται, ἐπὶ τοῦτο δὲ κτλ. D.8.72, cf. 51.3 and 18.2 when, of two things, one precedes and the other follows, ὅδε prop. refers to what follows, οὗτος to what precedes,οὐκ ἔστι σοι ταῦτ', ἀλλά σοι τάδ' ἔστι S.OC 787
, cf. ὅδε III. 2: freq., however, where there are not two things, οὗτος refers to what follows, Il. 13.377, Od.2.306, etc.; οὔκουν.. τοῦτο γιγνώσκεις, ὅτι .. ; A.Pr. 379, etc.3 οὗτος is used emphat., generally in contempt, while ἐκεῖνος denotes praise, ὁ πάντ' ἄναλκις οὗτος, i.e. Aegisthus, S.El. 301;τούτους τοὺς συκοφάντας Pl.Cri. 45a
; so D.de Coron. uses οὗτος of Aeschines, ἐκεῖνος of Philip; but οὗτος is used of Philip, D.2.15, 4.3.b of what is familiar, τούτους τοὺς πολυτελεῖς χιτῶνας, of the Persians, X.An.1.5.8;οἱ τὰς τελετὰς.. οὗτοι καταστήσαντες Pl.Phd. 69c
, cf. Men. 80a; τὸ θυλακῶδες τοῦτο the familiar bag-like thing, Thphr.HP3.7.3, cf. 3.18.11, 4.7.1;οἱ τὰς κόρας ταύτας ὠνούμενοι τοῖς παισίν D.Chr.31.153
.4 in [dialect] Att. law-language, οὗτος is commonly applied to the opponent, whether plaintiff (as in Aeschin. 2.130 ) or defendant (as in Id.1.1); so, in the political speeches of D., οὗτοι are the opposite party, 4.1, 8.7, etc.; but in the forensic speeches, οὗτοι freq. means the judges, the court, 21.134, 36.47.5 much like an Adv., in local sense (cf. ὅδε init.), τίς δ' οὗτος κατὰ νῆας.. ἔρχεαι; who art thou here that comest.. ? Il.10.82; freq. in [dialect] Att., τίς οὑτοσί; who's this here? Ar.Ach. 1048; πολλὰ ὁρῶ ταῦτα πρόβατα I see many sheep here, X.An.3.5.9 (as v.l.): with Pron. of 2 pers., οὗτος σύ ho you! you there! S.OT 532, 1121, E.Hec. 1280, etc.: and then οὗτος alone like a voc., οὗτος, τί ποιεῖς; A.Supp. 911,cf.S.Aj.71, E.Alc. 773, Ar.Eq. 240, Nu. 220, al.: with a pr. n.,ὦ οὗτος, Αἴας S.Aj.89
;ὦ οὗτος οὗτος, Οἰδίπους Id.OC 1627
, cf. Ar.V. 1364: with voc.,βέντισθ' οὗτος Theoc.5.76
:—the fem. is rarer, ; .—This phrase mostly implies anger, impatience, or scorn.II simply as antec. to ὅς, Od.2.40, S.OT 1180, etc.: freq. following relat. clause,ἅ γ' ἔλαβες,.. μεθεῖναι ταῦτα Id.Ph. 1247
, cf. 1319,Ant. 183, 203, Pl.Grg. 469c.III = τοιοῦτος, οὗτος ἐγὼ ταχυτᾶτι Pi.O. 4.26;σὺ τοίνυν οὗτος εὑρέθης D.18.282
, cf. 173.IV after a parenthesis, the Subject, though already named, is freq. emphat. repeated byοὗτος, οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ Ἀριστέης.., οὐδὲ οὗτος προσωτέρω.. ἔφησε ἀπικέσθαι Hdt.4.16
, cf.81 (s. v. l.), 1.146, Pl.Phd. 107d, etc.V καὶ οὗτος is added to heighten the force of a previous word,ξυνεστῶτες.. ναυτικῷ ἀγῶνι, καὶ τούτῳ πρὸς Ἀθηναίους Th.4.55
, cf. Hdt.1.147, 6.11, etc.; soοὐδὲ τούτου Aeschin.2.100
; v. infr. VIII.2.VI repeated, where for the second we should merely say he or it,τοῖσιν τούτου τοῦτον μέλεσιν.. κελαδοῦντες Ar.Ra. 1526
, cf. Pl.La. 200d.1 ταῦτ', ὦ δέσποτα yes Sir (i. e. ἔστι ταῦτα, ταῦτα δράσω, etc.), Ar.V. 142, Pax 275, cf. Eq.III; so ; ; so also ἦν ταῦτα even so, true, E.Ph. 417.2 ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ὑπάρξει so it shall be, Pl.Phd. 78a.3 καὶ ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα so much for that, freq. in [dialect] Att., as Pl.Smp. 220c.4 ταῦτα at end of a formula in epitaphs, etc., prob. short for ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει or ὁ βίος ταῦτά ἐστιν, e.g. οὐδὶς ( = -εὶς) ἀθάνατος:ταῦτα IG14.420
; Προκόπι ταῦτα ib.1824; χαίρεται ( = -τε) ταῦτα ib.1479, etc.: similarly perh. in a letter,ἂμ μὴ πέμψῃς, οὐ μὴ φάγω, οὐ μὴ πείνω. ταῦτα POxy.119.15
(ii/iii A. D.).VIII Adverbial usages:1 ταῦταabs., therefore, that is why.., Il.11.694;ταῦτ' ἄρα Ar.Ach.90
,Nu. 319, 335, 394, al., X.Smp.4.55; , Pl.Smp. 174a; , Ar.V. 1358, etc.; αὐτὰ ταῦτα ἥκω, ἵνα .. Pl.Prt. 310e: τοῦτο is rare in this sense,τοῦτ' ἀφικόμην, ὅπως.. εὖ πράξαιμί τι S. OT 1005
; αὐτὸ γὰρ τοῦτο just because of this, Pl.Smp. 204a.b πρὸς ταῦτα so then, therefore, prop. used in indignant defiance, A.Pr. 992, 1043, S.Aj. 971, 1115, 1313, OT 426, OC 455, etc.2 καὶ ταῦτα, adding a circumstance heightening the force of what has been said, and that,ἄνδρα γενναῖον θανεῖν, καὶ ταῦτα πρὸς γυναικός A.Eu. 627
: but mostly with a part.,ὅς γ' ἐξέλυσας ἄστυ.., καὶ ταῦθ' ὑφ' ἡμῶν οὐδὲν ἐξειδὼς πλέον S.OT37
, cf. Ar.Ra. 704, Pl.Phdr. 241e, etc.; or with a part. omitted, ἥτις.. τὴν τεκοῦσαν ὕβρισεν, καὶ ταῦτα τηλικοῦτος (sc. οὖσα) S.El. 614; soκαὶ ταῦτα μέντοι Pl.Erx. 400b
.b καὶ ταῦτα anyhow, no matter what happens (or happened), ἐπεχείρησας, οὐδὲν ὢν καὶ ταῦτα you tried, but were no good anyhow, i.e. try as you might, Id.R. 341c, cf. Diod.Com.3.5.3 τοῦτο μέν.., τοῦτο δέ .. on the one hand.., on the other.., partly.., partly.., very freq. in Hdt., as 1.161, al.; τοῦτο μέν is sts. answered by δέ only, 4.76, S.Aj. 670, OC 440; by δὲ αὖ, Hdt.7.176; by ἔπειτα δέ, S.Ant.61; by ἀλλά, D.22.13; by εἶτα, S.Ph. 1345; by τοῦτ' αὖθις, Id.Ant. 165.4 dat. fem. ταύτῃ,a on this spot, here, ταύτῃ μὲν.., τῇδε δ' αὖ .. Id.Ph. 1331;ἀλλ' ἐὰν ταύτῃ γε νικᾷ, ταυτῃὶ πεπλήξεται Ar.Eq. 271
, cf. Th. 1221.c in this way, thus, A.Pr. 191, S.OC 1300, etc.;οὐ.. ταῦτ' ἐστί πω ταύτῃ Ar.Eq. 843
;ἀλλ' οὔτι ταύτῃ ταῦτα E. Med. 365
, cf. A.Pr. 511: antec. to ὥσπερ, Pl.R. 330c; to ὅπῃ, X.Cyr. 8.3.2;οὕτω τε καὶ ταύτῃ γίγνοιτο Pl.Lg. 681d
; καὶ οὕτω καὶ ταύτῃ ἂν ἔχοι ib. 714d; ταύτῃ καλεῖσθαι, etc., like οὕτω κ., Sch.Pl.Smp. 215b.6 ἐν τούτῳ in that case, Pl.R. 440c.7 πρὸς τούτοις ([etym.] - οισι) besides, Hdt.2.51, Pl.Prt. 326a, X.Mem.2.4.4, Ar.Pl. 540. -
111 παρά
πᾰρά [pron. full] [ρᾰ], [dialect] Ep. and Lyr. also [full] παραί: shortd. [full] πάρ, in Hom., Lyr. (but rarely in Trag., in lyr. passages, A.Supp. 553, S.Tr. 636), and in all dial ects exc. [dialect] Att., GDI5434.8 ([place name] Paros), IG5(2).3.14 (Tegea, iv B. C.), Inscr.Magn.26.28 (Thess.), etc.:—Prep. c. gen., dat., and acc., prop.A beside: hence,A WITH GEN. prop. denoting motion from the side of, from beside, from:I of Place,πὰρ νηῶν ἔλθωμεν Il.13.744
;παρὰ ναῦφιν ἐλευσόμεθ' 12.225
, etc.;παρ' Ὠκεανοῖο ῥοάων.. ἐπερχομένη Od.22.197
;πὰρ νηῶν ἀπώσεται Il.8.533
, etc.;δῶρα π. νηὸς ἐνεικέμεν 19.194
;φάσγανον ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος π. μηροῦ 1.190
, cf. 21.173;σπασσάμενος.. ἄορ παχέος π. μηροῦ 16.473
; πλευρὰ παρ' ἀσπίδος ἐξεφαάνθη was exposed beside the shield, 4.468, cf. A.Th. 624.II commonly of Persons,1 with Verbs of going or coming, bringing, etc.,ἦλθε.. πὰρ Διός Il.2.787
;παρ' Αἰήταο πλέουσα Od.12.70
, etc.;ἀγγελίη ἥκει π. βασιλέος Hdt.8.140
.ά; αὐτομολήσαντες π. βασιλέως X.An.1.7.13
;ἐξεληλυθὼς παρ' Ἀριστάρχου D.21.117
; ὁ π. τινὸς ἥκων his messenger, X.Cyr.4.5.53; soοἱ π. τινός Th.7.10
, Ev.Marc.3.21, etc.;ὅστις ἀφικνεῖτο τῶν π. βασιλέως πρὸς αὐτόν X.An.1.1.5
, etc.; τεύχεα καλὰ φέρουσα παρ' Ἡφαίστοιο from his workshop, Il.18.137, cf. 617, etc.;ἀπαγγέλλειν τι π. τινός X.An.2.1.20
;σὺ δὲ οἰμώζειν αὐτοῖς παρ' ἐμοῦ λέγε Luc.DMort.1.2
.2 issuing from a person, γίγνεσθαι π. τινός to be born from, Pl.Smp. 179b; λόγος (sc. ἐστί) π. Ἀθηναίων c. acc. et inf., Hdt.8.55: freq. following a Noun, δόξα ἡ π. τῶν ἀνθρώπων glory from (given by) men, Pl.Phdr. 232a; ἡ π. τινὸς εὔνοια the favour from, i. e. of, any one, X.Mem.2.2.12; τὸ παρ' ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα done by me, Id.Cyr.5.5.13; τὰ π. τινός all that issues from any one, as commands, commissions, Id.An.2.3.4, etc.; or promises, gifts, presents, Id.Mem.3.11.13; τὰ παρ' ἐμοῦ my opinions, Pl.Smp. 219a; παρ' ἑωυτοῦ διδούς giving from oneself, i. e. from one's own means, Hdt. 2.129, 8.5;παρ' ἑαυτοῦ προσετίθει X.HG6.1.3
; νόμον θὲς παρ' ἐμοῦ by my advice, Pl.Prt. 322d; αὐτοὶ παρ' αὑτῶν of themselves, Id.Tht. 150d, cf. Phdr. 235c.3 with Verbs of receiving, obtaining, and the like ,τυχεῖν τινος π. τινός Od.6.290
, 15.158;πὰρ δ' ἄρα μιν Ταφίων πρίατο 14.452
;ἀρέομαι πὰρ μὲν Σαλαμῖνος Ἀθαναίων χάριν Pi.P.1.76
;εὑρέσθαι τι π. τῶν θεῶν Isoc.9.14
, cf. IG12.40.10; δέχεσθαι, λαμβάνειν, ἁρπάζειν π. τινός, Th.1.20, X.Oec.9.11, Hes.Th. 914; ἀντιάσαι, αἰτήσασθαι π. τινός, S.El. 870 (lyr.), X.HG3.1.4;ἀξιοῖ π. τοῦ ἰατροῦ φάρμακον πιὼν ἐξεμέσαι τὸ νόσημα Pl.R. 406d
;κόσμος τοῖς πράξασι γίγνεται π. τῶν ἀκουσάντων Id.Mx. 236e
: without Verb,ὁ καρπὸς ὁ π. τῶν δημάρχων IG12.76.27
: with Verbs of learning, etc.,μεμαθηκέναι π. τινῶν Hdt.2.104
, etc.4 with [voice] Pass. Verbs,πὰρ Διὸς.. μῆνις ἐτύχθη Il.15.122
;π. θεῶν ἡ τοιαύτη μανία δίδοται Pl.Phdr. 245c
, etc.; τὰ π. τῶν θεῶν σημαινόμενα, συμβουλευόμενα, X.Cyr.1.6.2; τὰ π. τινὸς λεγόμενα ib.6.1.42; τὰ π. τῆς τύχης δωρηθέντα the presents of.., Isoc.4.26;με π. σοῦ σοφίας πληρωθήσεσθαι Pl.Smp. 175e
.III rarely for παρά c. dat., by, near,πὰρ ποδός Pi.P.10.62
, 3.60; παρὰ δὲ κυανέων πελαγέων dub. l. in S.Ant. 966 (lyr.);τὸν Ῥειτὸν τὸν παρὰ τοῦ ἄστεως IG12.81.5
; πολλοὶ παρ' ἀμφοτέρων ἔπιπτον, = ἀμφοτέρωθεν, D.S.19.42.B WITH DAT. denoting rest by the side of any person or thing, answering the question where?I of Places, κατ' ἂρ ἕζετ'.. πὰρ πυρί, ἔκειτο π. σηκῷ, Od.7.154, 9.319;νέμονται π. πέτρῃ 13.408
;ἑσταότες παρ ὄχεσφιν Il.8.565
; πὰρ ποσὶ μαρναμένων ἐκυλίνδετο at their feet, 14.411, etc.; π. θύρῃσι at the door, 7.346;π. ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης 2.773
;δεῖπνον.. εἵλοντο παρ' ὄχθῃσιν ποταμοῖο Od.6.97
, cf. Il.4.475, 20.53, etc.;κεῖσθαι παρ' Ἅιδῃ S.OT 972
; παρ' οἴνῳ over wine, ib. 780, etc.II of persons, beside,πὰρ δὲ οἷ αὐτῷ εἷσε Θεοκλύμενον Od.15.285
;κεῖτο παρὰ μνηστῇ ἀλόχῳ Il.9.556
, cf. 6.246, etc.;παρ' ἀνδράσιν εὐνάζεσθαι Od.5.119
;δαίνυσθαι π. τινί 8.243
; πὰρ δέ οἱ ἑστήκει stood by him, Il.4.367.2 at one's house or place, with one,μένειν π. τισί 9.427
;θητευέμεν ἄλλῳ, ἀνδρὶ παρ' ἀκλήρῳ Od.11.490
;φιλέεσθαι π. τινί Il.13.627
; παρ' ἑωυτοῖσι at their own house, Hdt.1.105, cf. 86;παιδευθῆναι π. τινί X.Cyr.1.2.15
;καταλύειν π. τινί D.18.82
(butπαρά τινα καταλῦσαι Th.1.136
), etc.: hence οἱ παρ' ἐμοί those of my household, X.Mem.2.7.4, etc.; τὰ παρ' ἐμοί life with me, Id.An. 1.7.4; οἱ παρ' ἡμῖν ἄνθρωποι our people, Pl.Phd. 64b; ἡ παρ' ἡμῖν πολιτεία, ὁ παρ' ὑμῖν δῆμος, D.15.19; ὁ παρ' αὑτῷ βίοτος one's own life, S.OT 612;τὸ παρ' ἡμῖν πῦρ Pl.Phlb. 29f
; ;τὸ παρ' ἡμῖν σῶμα Pl.Phlb. 29f
; also, in one's hands,τὰ π. τοῖς Ἑλληνοταμίαις ὄντα IG12.91.6
;ἔχειν παρ' ἑωυτῷ Hdt. 1.130
, etc.; οὔπω παρ' ἐμοὶ τότ' ἦν λέγειν I had no right to speak then, Men.Epit.98.3 before, in the presence of,ἤειδε π. μνηστῆρσιν Od. 1.154
; before a judge,δίκας γίγνεσθαι π. τῷ πολεμάρχῳ IG12.16.9
;π. Δαρείῳ κριτῇ Hdt.3.160
;π. τῷ βασιλέϊ Id.4.65
;παρὰ δικασταῖς Th. 1.73
;εἰς κρίσιν καθιστάναι τινὰ π. τισί D.18.13
: hence παρ' ἐμοί in my judgement, Hdt.1.32, cf. S.Tr. 589, E.Heracl. 881, 1 Ep.Cor.3.19; π. τούτῳ μέγα δυνήσεται with him, Pl.Grg. 510e.4 in quoting authors, παρ' Ἐφόρῳ, παρ' Αἰσχίνῃ, π. Θουκυδίδῃ, in Ephorus, etc., Plb. 9.2.4, D.H.Comp.9,18.III Arc., = π. c. gen., from,καθὰ εἶχον τὰς ἰντολὰς π. τᾷ ἰδίᾳ πόλι SIG559.9
(Megalop., iii B. C.), cf. 558.10 (Ithaca, iii B. C.).C WITH ACCUS. in three main senses,I beside, near, by,II along,III past, beyond.I beside, near, by:1 with Verbs of coming, going, etc., to the side of, to,ἴτην π. νῆας Il.1.347
, cf. 8.220, etc.;βῆ.. π. θῖνα 1.34
, cf. 327, etc.; τρέψας πὰρ ποταμόν to the side of.., 21.603, cf. 3.187: more freq. of persons, εἶμι παρ' Ἥφαιστον to the chamber of H., 18.143, cf. Od.1.285, etc.;ἐσιόντες π. τοὺς φίλους Th.2.51
, etc.;φοιτᾶν π. τὸν Σωκράτη Pl.Phd. 59d
; πέμπειν ἀγγέλους, πρέσβεις π. τινά, Hdt. 1.141, Th.1.58, etc.;ἄγειν π. τινά Hdt.1.86
;καταφυγὴ π. φίλων τινάς Th.2.17
.2 with Verbs of rest, beside, near, by, sts. with ref. to past motion (expressed in such phrases asἧσο παρ' αὐτὸν ἰοῦσα Il.3.406
, cf. 11.577), , cf. 13.372; κεῖται ποταμοῖο παρ' ὄχθας lies stretched beside.., Il.4.487, cf. 12.381; παρ' ἔμ' ἵστασο come and stand by me, 11.314, cf. 592, 20.49, etc.;π. πυθμέν' ἐλαίης θῆκαν Od.13.122
;καταθέτω π. τὰ ἴκρια IG12.94.28
; κοιμήσαντο π. πρυμνήσια they lay down by.., Od.12.32, cf. 3.460;ὁ παρ' ἐμὲ καθήμενος Pl.Euthd. 271b
, cf. Phd. 89b; ἐκάθητο π. τὴν πύλην, π. τὴν ὁδόν, LXX Ge.19.1, Ev.Marc. 10.46;παρ' αὐτὸν τὸν καλέσαντα κατακείμενος δειπνῆσαι Thphr.Char. 21.2
, cf. Pl.Smp. 175c;ἐκαθέζετο π. τὸν Λύσιν Id.Ly. 211a
, cf. R. 328c;στὰς παρ' αὐτόν Id.Phd. 116c
;τέμενος νεμόμεσθα.. παρ' ὄχθας Il.12.313
, cf. 6.34, IG12.943.45;τοῦ Εὐρίπου, παρ' ὃν ᾤκει Aeschin.3.90
;κατελείφθη π. τὸν νηόν Hdt.4.87
;τὴν παρ' ἐμὲ ἐοῦσαν δύναμιν Id.8.140
.ά (v.l. ἐμοί); εἶπεν αὐτῷ μένειν παρ' ἑαυτόν X.Cyr.1.4.18
, cf. An.1.9.31, Ar.Fr. 451, Is.8.16, Alex.248, Demetr.Com. Nov.1.5, IG22.654.23 (iii B. C.), Plb.3.26.1, 11.14.3, 28.14.3;ἡ π. θάλασσαν Μακεδονία Th.2.99
, cf. S.El. 184 (lyr.), Tr. 636 (lyr.);Καρβασυανδῆς π. Καῦνον IG12.204.52
;τὸ κουρεῖον τὸ π. τοὺς Ἑρμᾶς Lys.23.3
, cf. And.1.62, Is.6.20, 8.35, Aeschin. 1.182, 3.88, Lycurg.112; (1).109 iii 146 (Epid.); παρ' ὄμμα before one's eyes, E.Supp. 484; π. πόδας on the spot, Phld.Ir.p.78 W., Rh.2.2 S.; immediately thereafter, Plb.1.7.5, 1.8.2, al.b [dialect] Dor., [dialect] Boeot., and Thess., = supr. B. 11.2, at the house of.., with a person, IG7.3171.7 (Orchom. [dialect] Boeot.), GDI 1717 (Delph.); παρ' ἁμὲ πολυτίματος [ὁ σῖτος] Ar.Ach. 759 (Megar.);τοῖς κατοικέντεσσι πὰρ ἀμμέ IG9(2).517.18
(Larissa, iii B. C.); τοῖ πὰρ ἀμμὲ πολιτεύματος ib.13;πεπολιτευκὼρ πὰρ ἁμέ Schwyzer 425.5
(Elis, iii/ii B. C.): so in [dialect] Att., θέμενος π. γυναῖκας depositing with.., Pl. R. 465c.3 with Verbs of striking, wounding, etc.,βάλε στῆθος π. μαζόν Il.4.480
, etc.;τὸν δ' ἕτερον.. κληῗδα παρ' ὦμον πλῆξε 5.146
;τύψε κατὰ κληῗδα παρ' αὐχένα 21.117
, cf. 4.525, 8.325, etc.; , cf. 17.310; δησάμενος τελαμῶνι π. σφυρόν ib. 290.4 with Verbs of placing, examining, etc., side by side with..,ὁ ἔλεγχος π. τὸν ἔλεγχον παραβαλλόμενος Pl.Grg. 475e
, cf. Hp.Mi. 369c, Smp. 214c, R. 348a; ;ἄλλα παρ' ἄλλατιθέμενα.. τῶν χρωμάτων Arist.Mete. 375a24
.b Geom., παραβάλλειν π. apply an area to (i. e. along) a finite straight line, Euc.1.44, Archim.Aequil.2.1;π. τὴν δοθεῖσαν αὐτοῦ γραμμὴν παρατείναντα Pl. Men. 87a
; ἡ [εὐθεῖα] παρ' ἣν δύνανται αἱ καταγόμεναι τεταγμένως the line to which are applied the squares of the or dinates, etc., Apollon. Perg.Con.1.11: hence,c Arith., παραβάλλειν τι π. τι divide by.. (v.παραβάλλω A.
VII. 2);μερίζω τι π. τι Dioph.4.33
; ἐπὶ γ π. ί multiply by 3 and divide by 10, PLond.5.1718.2 (vi A. D.).5 Geom., parallel to.., Democr.155, Arist. Top. 158b31, Archim.Sph. Cyl.1.12, al.6 metaph. in Gramm., like, as a parody of.., π. τὸ Σοφόκλειον, π. τὰ ἐν Τεύκρῳ Σοφοκλέους, Sch.Ar.Av. 1240, Nu. 584.b Gramm., of words which differ as compared with other words, π. τὸ τοῦ ἔρωτος ὄνομα σμικρὸν παρηγμένον ἐστίν.. [τὸ ἥρως] Pl.Cra. 398d, cf. 399a, Lg. 654a: hence, derived from.., π. τὸ ἔδαφος, δάπεδον, A.D. Pron.31.16; π. τὸ δρῶ δρᾶμα Sch.A.R.2.624;σύγκειται [τὸ αὐθέντης] π. τὸ εἷναι.. καὶ π. τὸ αὐτός Phryn.PSp.24
B.7 generally, of Comparison, alongside of, compared with, usu. implying superiority,δοκέοντες π. ταῦτα οὐδ' ἂν τοὺς σοφωτάτους ἀνθρώπων Αἰγυπτίους οὐδὲν ἐπεξευρεῖν Hdt.2.160
, cf. 7.20, 103;ἡλίου ἐκλείψεις αἳ πυκνότεραι π. τὰ ἐκ τοῦ πρὶν χρόνου μνημονευόμενα ξυνέβησαν Th.1.23
, cf. 4.6;τῶν ἁπάντων ἀπερίοπτοί εἰσι π. τὸ νικᾶν Id.1.41
;π. τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα ὥσπερ θεοὶ ἄνθρωποι βιοτεύουσι X.Mem.1.4.14
;φαίνεται π. τὸ ἀλγεινὸν ἡδὺ καὶ π. τὸ ἡδὺ ἀλγεινὸν ἡ ἡσυχία Pl.R. 584a
, cf. Phdr. 236d, La. 183c, al.;εὐδαίμων μᾶλλον π. πάντας BCH26.332
([place name] Halae);προετέρει π. πάντας PSI 4.422.34
(iii B. C.): sts. implying inferiority or defect, ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν βραχύ τι παρ' ἀγγέλους a little lower than the angels, LXX Ps. 8.6; μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ ὑστεροῦσι π. τὸν ἥλιον lag one day behind the sun, Gem.8.19; so perh. παρ' αὐτόν, ὑπὲρ αὐτόν (has passed the ball?) short of him, beyond him, Antiph.234; μέγα τοι ἡμέρα παρ' ἡμέραν γιγνομένη γνώμην ἐξ ὀργῆς μεταστῆσαι one day compared with another is important.., a day's delay makes a difference, Antipho 5.72; τί γὰρ παρ' ἦμαρ ἡμέρα τέρπειν ἔχει προσθεῖσα κἀναθεῖσα τοῦ γε κατθανεῖν; what joy has one day compared with another to offer, since it only brings us nearer to, or farther from, death (which is neither good nor evil)? S.Aj. 475; ὃς μὲν κρίνει (prefers) ἡμέραν παρ' ἡμέραν, ὃς δὲ κρίνει (approves)πᾶσαν ἡμέραν Ep.Rom.14.5
.8 with Verbs of estimating, to set at so and so much, hence π. = equivalent to.., ταρβῶ μὴ.. θῆται παρ' οὐδὲν τὰς ἐμὰς ἐπιστολάς set at nought, E.IT 732, cf. A. Ag. 229 (lyr.);παρ' οὐδὲν ἄγειν S.Ant.35
; π. μικρὸν ἡγεῖσθαι or ποιεῖσθαί τι hold of small account, Isoc.5.79, D.61.51;παρ' ὀλίγον ποιεῖσθαί τινα X.An.6.6.11
; so with εἶναι, etc., παρ' οὐδέν ἐστι are as nothing, S.OT 983, cf. Ant. 466; ;οὐ π. μέγα ἔσεσθαι τὸ πταῖσμα Arr.An.1.18.6
; so perh. π. σμικρὰ κεχώρηκε have turned out of little account, have amounted to little, Hdt.1.120.b in Accountancy, without a verb, π. τὴν καταλλαγήν on account of κ., PHib.1.100.4 (iii B. C.).9 of correspondence, ὀφείλειν στατῆρα π. στατῆρα stater for stater (one to each of two creditors), BCH50.214 (Thasos, v B. C.);πληγὴν π. πληγὴν ἑκάτερον Ar.Ra. 643
; συνεῖναι ἑκατέρῳ ἡμέραν παρ' ἡμέραν stayed day for day with each, D.59.46; hence of alternation, ποιεῖσθαι ἁγνείας καὶ θυσίας δύο π. δύο, of four priests acting two and two alternately, BGU1198.12 (i B. C.); τοῦ καθημερινοῦ ἢ μίαν π. μίαν (sc. ἡμέραν) [πυρετοῦ] quotidian or tertian fever, ib.956.3 (iii A. D.): sts. without doubling of the Noun, παρ' ἡμέρην, opp. καθ' ἡμέρην, tertian, opp. quotidian, Hp.Aph.1.12; καθ' ἡμέραν, παρ' ἡμέραν, π. δύο, π. τρεῖς every day, every second day, every third (fourth) day, Arr.Epict.2.18.13; π. μίαν every second day, Plb.3.110.4; παρ' ἐνιαυτόν every second year, Plu.Cleom.15; παρ' ἔτος year and year about, Arist.GA 757a7; every second year, Paus.8.15.2; π. μέρος by turns (v. μέρος II. 2);ὁ ἀνὰ μέρος παρ' ἓξ μῆνας ὑπὲρ γῆν τε καὶ ὑπὸ γῆν γινόμενος Ἄδωνις Corn. ND28
; π. μῆνα τρίτον every third month, Arist.HA 582b4, cf. Plu.2.942e; but π. τρία [ἔτεα] prob. every fourth year, IG5(2).422 ([place name] Phigalea), cf. Arr.Epict. l.c.; ἕνα παρ' ἕνα παραλειπτέον every second one, Nicom.Ar.1.18; ἕνα π. δύο ([etym.] τρεῖς) every third (fourth) one, ibid.; παρὰ δ' ἄλλαν ἄλλα μοῖρα διώκει now one now another, E.Heracl. 611.10 precisely at the moment of, παρ' αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα flagrante delicto, D.18.13, 21.26;ἀποδώσω π. τὸν εὔθυνον τὸ καθῆκον IG12.188.31
; π. τοιοῦτον καιρόν, π. τὰς χρείας, D.20.41,46; π. τὰ δεινά in the midst of danger, Plu.Ant.63;π. τὴν πρώτην γένεσιν Jul.Or.1.10b
; π. τὴν πρώτην (sc. ἐπίθεσιν) at the first attack, Hld.9.2;π. γε τὴν πρώτην ὁρμήν Ael.NA14.10
.b distributively, whether of Time, π. τὰ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα in each complete period of seventy years, Hdt.1.32;ἐν ταῖς ὁδοιπορίαις π. στάδια διακόσια.. τοῖς ἑκατὸν σταδίοις διήνεγκαν ἀλλήλων X.Oec.20.18
; πὰρ Ϝέτος each year, every year, Tab.Heracl. 1.101;π. τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἕκαστον IG12(7).5.14
([place name] Amorgos); παρ' ἆμάρ τε καὶ νύκτα day and night, B.Fr.7; or more generally, πὰρ τὰν ἐλαίαν in respect of each olive plant, Tab.Heracl.1.122; παρ' ἡμέραν αἱ ἀμίαι πολὺ ἐπιδήλως αὐξάνονται from day to day, per day, Arist.HA 571a21;τὸ παρ' ἑκάστην βάσιν γινόμενον μικρὸν πολὺ γίνεται π. πολλάς Id.Pr. 881b26
;ἡ παρ' ἡμέραν χάρις D.8.70
;τὸ παρ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ἡδύ Pl. Lg. 705a
.c παρ' ἆμαρ on (this) day, to-day, τὸ μὲν πὰρ ἆμαρ, τὸ δέ .. to-day and to-morrow, Pi.P.11.63; but παρ' ἦμαρ to-morrow, S. OC 1455 (lyr.).d throughout a period of time,π. τὴν ζόην Hdt. 7.46
;π. τὸν βίον ἅπαντα Pl.Lg. 733a
;π. πάντα τὸν χρόνον D.18.10
; also more loosely, during, π. τὴν πόσιν while they were drinking, Hdt.2.121.δ; π. τὸν πότον Aeschin.2.156
;π. τὴν κύλικα Plu.Ant.24
; π. δεῖπνον or π. τὸ δεῖπνον, Id.2.737a,674f.II along,ὄνος παρ' ἄρουραν ἰών Il.11.558
;βῆ δὲ θέειν π. τεῖχος 12.352
;π. ῥόον Ὠκεανοῖο ᾔομεν Od. 11.21
;ἔπλεον π. τὴν ἤπειρον Hdt.7.193
;π. πᾶσαν τὴν ὁδόν Isoc.4.148
; ὀρθὴν παρ' οἶμον.. τύμβον κατόψει straight along the road, E.Alc. 835;παρ' ὅλην τὴν φάραγγα Plb.10.30.3
; παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν χαράδραν παραπορευομένων ib.9; for παραβάλλειν π., v. supr. c. 1.4b.2 strictly according to, without deviating from,εἶμι π. στάθμην ὀρθὴν ὁδόν Thgn. 945
, cf. S.Fr.474.5; ὠμοί τε δούλοις πάντα καὶ π. στάθμην, i.e. too strict, A.Ag. 1045; π. τὸν λόγον ὃν ἀποφέρουσιν.. ἐπιδείξω I will prove to you strictly according to the accounts which they themselves submit, D.27.34.III past, beyond,παρὰ σκοπιὴν καὶ ἐρινεὸν ἠνεμόεντα.. ἐσσεύοντο Il.22.145
, cf. Od.3.172, 24.12;βῆ δὲ π. Κρουνούς h.Ap. 425
; π. τὴν Βαβυλῶνα παριέναι pass by Babylon, X.Cyr.5.2.29; παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν χύτραν ἄκραν ὁρῶντες looking over the edge of.., Ar.Av. 390.2 metaph., over and above, in addition to,οὐκ ἔστι π. ταῦτ' ἄλλα Id.Nu. 698
;π. ταῦτα πάντα ἕτερόν τι Pl.Phd. 74a
, cf.R. 337d, D.18.139, X.HG 1.5.5; ἑκὼν ἐπόνει π. τοὺς ἄλλους more than the others, Id.Ages.5.3, cf. Mem.4.4.1, Oec.20.16;ἃ τῷ ῥαψῳδῷ προσήκει καὶ σκοπεῖσθαι καὶ διακρίνειν π. τοὺς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους Pl. Ion 539e
.3 metaph., in excess over, πὰρ δύναμιν beyond one's strength, Il.13.787, cf. Th.1.70, Hyp.Lyc.16, Arist.Rh.Al. 1423b29;π. τὴν δ. Id.Po. 1451b38
.4 metaph., in transgression or violation of,π. μοῖραν Od.14.509
;π. μοῖραν Δίος Alc.Supp. 14.10
; παρ' αἶσαν, παρὰ δίκαν, Pi.P.8.13, O.2.16, etc.;π. τὸ δίκαιον Th.5.90
, etc.; π. τὰς σπονδάς, τὸν νόμον, Id.1.67, X.HG1.7.14;π. φύσιν Th.6.17
, cf. Pl.Lg. 747b; π. τὴν στήλην prob. in IG12.45.20; π. καιρόν out of season, Pi.O.8.24, etc.; π. γνώμαν ib.12.10, cf. A.Supp. 454; π. δόξαν, π. τὸ δοκοῦν ἡμῖν, π. λόγον, Th.3.93, 1.84, Plb.2.38.5; παρ' ἐλπίδα or ἐλπίδας, A.Ag. 899, S.Ant. 392, etc.; πὰρ μέλος out of tune, Pi.N.7.69;π. τὴν ἀξίαν Th.7.77
, etc.; π. τὸ εἰωθός, τὸ καθεστηκός, Id.4.17, 1.98.5 π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, = παρῆλθε τοσοῦτον κινδύνου, passed over so much ground within the sphere of danger, i.e. incurred such imminent peril, Id.3.49, cf. 7.2; in such phrases the tmesis was forgotten, and the acc. came to be governed by παρά, which thus came to mean 'by such and such a margin', ' with so much to spare', ἐνίκησαν π. πολύ, ἡσσηθέντες π. πολύ, Id.1.29, 2.89, cf. Pl. Ap. 36a; παρὰ δ' ὀλίγον ἀπέφυγες only just, E.IT 870 (lyr.); ; δεινότατον π. πολύ by far, Ar.Pl. 445; παρ' ὅσον quatenus, Luc.Nec.17, etc.; π. δύο ψήφους ἀπέφυγε by two votes, Hyp.Eux.28, cf. D.23.205;π. τέτταρας ψήφους μετέσχε τῆς πόλεως Is.3.37
; π. τοσοῦτον ἐγένετο αὐτῷ μὴ περιπεσεῖν by so much (= little) he missed falling in with.., Th.8.33; π. πέντε ναῦς πλέον ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ ἢ τρεῖς ὀβολοὶ ὡμολογήθησαν ib.29; οὐ π. μικρὸν ἐποίησαν they made no little difference, Isoc.4.59.b in phrases like π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, τοσοῦτον was sts. understood of the interval from danger, etc., and παρά came to mean 'by so much short of' (τὸ π. μικρὸν ὥσπερ οὐδὲν ἀπέχειν δοκεῖ Arist.Ph. 197a29
), within such and such a distance of, so near to, τὴν Ἠϊόνα π. νύκτα ἐγένετο (sc. αὐτῷ) λαβεῖν he was within one night of taking E., Th.4.106; π. μικρὸν ἦλθον ἀποθανεῖν I came within a little of.., Isoc. 19.22, cf. Plb.1.43.7, Plu. Caes. 39; παρ' ἐλάχιστον ἦλθε.. ἀφελέσθαι was within an ace of taking away, Th.8.76; παρ' οὐδὲν μὲν ἦλθον ἀποκτεῖναι (were within a mere nothing, within an ace of killing him),ἐξεκήρυξαν δ' ἐκ πόλεως Aeschin. 3.258
, cf. Plu.Pyrrh. 14, Alex.62; π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε διαφυγεῖν so near he came to escaping, Luc.Cat.4; ;παρ' οὐδὲν ἐλθόντες τοῦ ἀποβαλεῖν Plb.1.45.14
, cf. 2.55.4, D.S.17.42: hence without ἐγένετο or ἐλθεῖν, π. μίαν μονάδα (less) by one, i.e. less one, Nicom.Ar.1.8; τεσσαράκοντα π. μίαν, = 39, 2 Ep.Cor.11.24; παρ' ἕνα τοσοῦτοι the same number less one, Plu. Publ.9; σύ μοι παρ' ἕνα ἥκεις ἄγων you have brought me one too few, Luc.Cat.4;δύναται π. δύο συλλαβὰς εἶναι τὸ καταληκτόν Heph.4.2
; τὰ ὁλοκόττινα ηὑρέθησαν π. ἑπτὰ κεράτια seven carats short, PMasp.70.2 (vi A. D.); πάντες παρ' ἕνα, πάντες παρ' ὀλίγους, all save one (a few), Plu.Cat.Mi.20, Ant.5;ἔτη δύο π. ἡμέρας δύο IG5(1).801
([place name] Laconia); of one Μάρκος, θηρίον εἶ π. γράμμα you are a bear ([etym.] ἄρκος) all but a letter, AP11.231 (Ammian.); ὡς π. τι καὶ τὰς ὄψεις ἀφανίσαι so that he all but (lit. less something) lost his sight, Vett.Val.228.6; π. τι βυθίζεσθαι v.l. in Ev.Luc.5.7; τὸ π. τοῦτο the figure less that, i.e. the remainder or difference, PTeb.99.10 (ii B. C.), cf. POxy.264.4 (i A. D.), PAmh.2.148.5 (v A. D.); hence of any difference whether of excess or defect, οὐδὲν π. τοῦτο ποιούμενοι τοὺς.. Λευκανούς τε καὶ τοὺς.. Σαυνίτας making no difference between.., Str.6.1.3, cf. 14.5.11, Plu.2.24c.6 hence of the margin by which anything increases or decreases, and so of the cause according to which anything comes into existence or varies,τὸ εὖ π. μικρὸν διὰ πολλῶν ἀριθμῶν γίνεται Polyclit.2
(cf. μικρός III. 5 c); διαφέρει π. τὰς τῶν παθημάτων ἐναντιώσεις according to.., Arist.HA 486b5;μεταπίπτει π. τὰ κλίματα Gem. 5.29
, cf. 11.5, al.; π. τὰ πράγματα cj. in Apollod.Car.11.7 more generally of the margin by which an event occurs, i.e. of the necessary and sufficient cause or motive (τὸ μὴ π. τοῦτο γίνεσθαι τότε λέγομεν, ὅταν ἀναιρεθέντος τούτου μηδὲν ἧττον περαίνηται ὁ συλλογισμός Arist.APr. 65b6
, cf. 48a24, al.), κεινὰν π. δίαιταν just for the sake of unsatisfying food, Pi.O.2.65; ἕκαστος οὐ π. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀμέλειαν οἴεται βλάψειν each thinks that his own negligence will not suffice to cause injury, Th.1.141, cf. Isoc.3.48; π. τὴν αὑτοῦ ἁμαρτίαν all through his own fault, Antipho 3.4.5, cf. Isoc.6.52, D.4.11, 18.232; πολλὰ.. ἐστιν αἴτια τούτων, καὶ οὐ παρ' ἓν οὐδὲ δύ' εἰς τοῦτο τὰ πράγματ' ἀφῖκται not from one or two causes only, Id.9.2; οὐ π. τοῦτο οὐκ ἔστι it does not follow that it is not.., 1 Ep.Cor.12.15; π. τὸ τὴν ἀρίθμησιν ποιήσασθαι ἐξ ἑτοίμου τοὺς ἐργώνας οὐκ ὀλίγα χρήματα περιεποίησε τῇ πόλει by the simple fact of prompt payment, IPE12.32B35 (Olbia, iii B. C.); , cf. Plb.3.103.2, 18.28.6, al.; οὐδεὶς παρ' ἑαυτόν ἐστι βασιλεύς thanks to himself alone, Aristeas 224;παρ' αὑτὸν ἀτυχεῖ Arr.Epict.3.24.2
, cf. Phld.Rh.2.16 S.;παρ' ἡμᾶς ἡ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀπόστασις Hierocl. in CA25p.477M.
; εἶναι π. τοῦτο σωτηρίαν τε πόλει καὶ τοὐναντίον, i.e. on this depends.., Pl.Lg. 715d, cf. X.Eq.Mag.1.5, D.C.Fr.36.5;π. μίαν ἡμέραν καὶ ἓν πρᾶγμα καὶ ἀπόλλυται προκοπὴ καὶ σῴζεται Epict.Ench.51.2
; π. τὸ Ἕλληνά με εἶναι just because I am a Greek, UPZ7.13 (ii B. C.);π. τὸ ἀγαπᾶν αὐτὸν αὐτήν LXX Ge.29.20
, cf. Ex.14.11; later more loosely, because of.., Phld.Rh.1.158 S., Gem.6.24, etc.; οὐδὲν π. σὲ γέγονε it is no fault of yours, PRyl.243.6 (ii A. D.), cf. POxy.1420.7 (ii A. D.).8 of a limit of possibility,εἴπερ ἐνεδέχετο π. τοὺς παρόντας καιρούς D.18.239
; πεῖσαι τό γε παρ' αὑτόν to persuade (the judges) so far as in you lies, Arr.Epict.2.2.20; οἴμωζε παρ' ἐμέ as far as I am concerned, for all I care, Ar.Av. 846.D POSITION: παρά may follow its Subst. in all three cases, but then becomes by anastrophe πάρα: when the ult. is elided, the practice varies,τῇσι παρ' Il.18.400
; but Ἡφαίστοιο πάρ' ib. 191.F πάρα (with anastrophe) stands for πάρεστι and πάρεισι, Il.1.174, Hes.Op. 454, A.Pers. 167, Hdt.1.42, al., S.El. 285, Ar.Ach. 862, etc.G IN COMPOS.,I alongside of, beside, of rest, παράκειμαι, παράλληλοι, παρέζομαι, πάρειμι (εἰμί), παρίστημι; of motion, παραπλέω, πάρειμι ([etym.] εἶμι).II to the side of, to, παραδίδωμι, παρέχω.IV metaph.,2 of comparison, as in παραβάλλω, παρατίθημι.3 of alteration or change, as in παραλλάσσω, παραπείθω, παραπλάσσω, παρατεκταίνω, παραυδάω, παράφημι.4 of a side-issue, παραπόλλυμι. (Cogn. with Goth. faúr 'along', Lat. por-.) -
112 πάσχω
Aἔπασχον 17.375
, etc.: [tense] fut.πείσομαι Od.2.134
, etc. ; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3sg.παισεῖται Abh.Berl.Akad.1925(5).21
(Cyrene, iii B.C.): [tense] aor.ἔπᾰθον Il.9.492
, etc.: [tense] pf.πέπονθα Od.13.6
, etc.: [tense] plpf. ἐπεπόνθειν ib.92, etc.; [dialect] Att. (all the above tenses in Hom., [tense] pres. and [tense] aor. only in Hes.). —Rarer forms, [ per.] 2pl. [tense] pf. πέπασθε (so Aristarch.) Il.3.99,πέποσθε Od. 23.53
; fem. [tense] pf. part.πεπᾰθυῖα 17.555
; [dialect] Dor. [tense] pf.πέποσχα Stesich. 89
, Epich.11, PCair.Zen. 482.18 (iii B.C.) :— have something done to one, suffer, opp. do,ὅσσ' ἔρξαν τ' ἔπαθόν τε Od.8.490
;ῥέζοντά τι καὶ παθεῖν ἔοικεν Pi.N.4.32
; δρᾶν καὶ πάσχειν, v. δράω ; πολλὰ μὲν.. πείσεσθαι, πολλὰ δὲ ποιήσειν Hdt.5.89, etc.: hence used as [voice] Pass. of ποιέω (cf. Arist. Cat. 2a4, Metaph. 1017a26, Plot.3.6.8, etc.), π. τι ὑπό τινος to be treated so and so by another, suffer it at his hands,ἃ πάσχοντες ὑφ' ἑτέρων ὀργίζεσθε, ταῦτα τοὺς ἄλλους μὴ ποιεῖτε Isoc.3.61
, cf. Hdt.1.44, 124,al. ;ἐξ ἐμοῦ μὲν ἔπαθες οἷα φῂς παθεῖν, δρᾷς δ' οὐδὲν ἡμᾶς εὖ E.Hec. 252
;οἷα πρὸς θεῶν πάσχω θεός A.Pr.92
, cf. Hdt.1.36.II to have something happen to one, to be or come to be in a state or case,καί τι ἔφη γελοῖον παθεῖν Pl.Smp. 174e
; , cf. V. 946 ; ὁρᾶτε μὴ ταὐτὸ πάθητε τῷ ἵππῳ see that it be not with you as with the horse in the fable, Arist. Rh. 1393b20, cf. Pl.R. 488a ; παραπλ ήσιον π. ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ .. Isoc.1.27 ; ὁμοιότατον πεπονθέναι ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις .. Pl.Phd. 98c.2 of the influence of passion or feeling, to be affected in a certain way, be (or come to be) in a certain state of mind, , cf. 1.80, D.20.56 ;ὅ τι μὲν ὑμεῖς πεπόνθατε ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν κατηγόρων οὐκ οἶδα Pl.Ap. 17a
, cf. 21c, 22c, Alc.1.118b, Smp.198c ;π. τι πρός τινας Isoc.2.42
, Pl.Grg. 485b, cf. X.Smp.4.11, 8.15, etc. ;τι ἔς τινας Th.6.11
: sts. with Adj., ὑϊκὸν πάσχει he is swinishly disposed, X.Mem.1.2.30 : abs., ὁ πάσχων the man of feeling or impulse, ὁ μὴ πάσχων the un impassioned man, Arist.MM 1203b21.3 of things, πεπόνθασι.. αἱ Ἰώνων ὁρταὶ τοῦτο this is the case with.., Hdt.1.148 ; πάσχει δὲ ταὐτὸ τοῦτο καὶ τὰ κάρδαμα this is just the way with.., Ar.Nu. 234 ; ; ὁμοίως π. τῷ Νείλῳ to be in the same case with.., Hdt.2.20.4 Gramm., of words, to be subject to certain changes, EM 200.11, 491.2, etc. ; τὸ πεπονθός a modified form, A.D.Adv.137.16.III freq. with Advbs., κακῶς πάσχειν or παθεῖν to be in evil plight, unlucky, Od.16.275, Hdt.3.146, etc. ; κακῶς π. ὑπό τινος to be ill used, ill treated by.., A.Pr. 1041 (anap.) ; ἐκ Διὸς π. κακῶς ib. 759 (but also κακὸν π. ὑ. τ. Th.8.48): freq. with an Adj., κακά, αἰνά, λυγρὰ π ., Il.3.99, 22.431, Hdt.9.37 ;ἀνάρσια πρός τινος Id.5.89
: freq. in Trag., π. δύσοιστα, τάλανα, ἀμήχανα, οἰκτρά, σχέτλια, ἀνάξια, A.Eu. 789 (lyr.), Th. 988 (dub.), E.Hipp. 598, Hec. 321, Andr. 1180 (dub.), IA 852 : also in Prose, δεινά, βίαια π., D.51.19, 21.1, etc. ; πρέποντα πάσχειν Anti-pho 3.3.9 : in Hom. also with Subst., ἄλγεα, κήδεα, πήματα, ἀεκήλια ἔργα, Il.20.297, Od.17.555, Il.5.886, 18.77 : rarely in [dialect] Att.,πράγματ' αἴσχιστ' ἂν ἐπάθομεν D.21.17
.b εὖ πάσχειν to be well off, in good case, c. gen., τῶν αὑτοῦ (leg. ὧν αὐτοῦ, cf. ὅς Possess.) κτεάνων εὖ πασχέμεν to have the good of, enjoy one's own, like ἀπολαύω, γεύομαι, etc., Thgn. 1009, cf. Pi.N.1.32 ; εὖ πάσχειν receive benefits, opp. εὖ δρᾶν, A.Eu. 868, Th.2.40, etc. ;ἀνθ' ὧν ἔπασχον εὖ.. χάριν δοῦναι S.OC 1489
;τιμᾶσθαι.. ἐν τῇ μνήμῃ τῶν εὖ πεπονθότων Aeschin.3.182
;εὖ παθεῖν ὑπό τινων Pl.Grg. 519d
, etc.: also with an Adj.,π. ἀγαθά Hdt.2.37
;τι ἐσλόν Pi.P.9.89
, cf. Alc.Supp.22.5 ;τερπνόν τι S. Aj. 521
, cf. Theoc.7.83 ; χαρτά, ὅσια, E.Ph. 618, Hec. 788 ; γλυκέα, χαρίεντα π., Ar. Pax 591, Ec. 794 ;δίκαια Din.1.10
;φιλικὰ ὑπό τινος X.Cyr.4.6.6
.2 without Adv., with reference to evil, used for κακῶς orκακὰπ., μάλα πόλλ' ἔπαθον καὶ πόλλ' ἐμόγησα Od.5.223
, cf. Il. 23.607 ;εἴ κεν μάλα πολλὰ πάθοι 22.220
; ὁτιοῦν π. suffer anything whatever, Isoc.12.133, etc.: abs., παθὼν δέ τε νήπιος ἔγνω by hard experience, Hes. Op. 218, cf. S.OT 403 ; ὁ παθών the injured parly, Pl. Lg. 730a, 878c :—Phrases: μή τι πάθῃς or πάθοι, lest thou, lest he suffer any ill, Od.17.596, Il.5.567, cf. 11.470, etc. ;μή τι πάθωμεν 13.52
: hence εἴ τι πάθοιμι or ἤν τι πάθω, as euphemism, if aught were to happen to me, i.e. if I were to die, Callin.1.17, Hdt.8.102, Ar.Ec. 1105, V. 385, Lys.19.51, Theoc.8.10 ;ἂν οὗτός τι πάθῃ D.4.11
;ἐάν τινα ἀνθρώπινα πάσχῃ IG3.74.13
; soεἴ τι πείσεται.. ἅδε γᾶ E.Ph. 244
(lyr.) ;ἤν τι ναῦς πάθῃ Id.IT 755
, cf. Syngr. ap. D.35.13.b in Law, suffer punishment, pay the penalty, Lys.20.30 ;π. ὡς ἱερόσυλος SIG 1016.7
(Iasos, iv B. C.), cf. 1 Ep.Pet.4.15 ; ὡς προδότης καὶ ἐπιβουλεύων τῷ δήμῳ πασχέτω τι Aen. Tact.11.9 ;τιμᾶν ὅ τι χρὴ παθεῖν.. ἢ ἀποτεῖσαι Pl.Plt. 299a
(- τίνειν codd.), cf. Ap. 36b, X.Mem.2.9.5, IG12.65.50, etc.3 τί πάθω ; what is to become of me? ὤμοι ἐγώ, τί π. ; Il.11.404, Od.5.465, S.OC 216 (lyr.), Theoc.3.24 ; sts. what (else) am I to do? Ar.Nu. 798 ; so esp. τί γὰρ π. ; E.Hec. 614, Supp. 257, Ar.Av. 1432, etc. ; ὡμολόγηκα· τί γὰρ π. ; I allow it—how can I help it? Pl.Euthd. 302d, cf. Hdt.4.118.4 in [ per.] 2sg., τί πάσχεις ; what's the matter with you? Ar.Nu. 708, Av. 1044 ; τί χρῆμα πάσχεις ; Id.Nu. 816 : so in [tense] aor. part., τί παθών ; τί παθόντε λελάσμεθα θούριδος ἀλκῆς ; what possesses us that we have forgotten.. ? Il.11.313 ; but τί παθόντες γαῖαν ἔδυτε ; what befell you that you died ? Od.24.106 ; also οὐδὲν θαυμαστὸν ἔπαθεν.. πεισθείς no wonder that he was induced, Antipho 2.4.7.5 to be ill, suffer, c. acc. of the part affected, π. τοὺς πόδας, τὴν πλευράν, PSI4.293.23 (iii A. D.), PGen.56.27 (iv A. D.) : abs. in part., ὁ πάσχων, almost = ὁ κάμνων, the patient, PMag. Par.1.3017 ;μεταβαίνει ἀπὸ τῶν παθῶν ἐπὶ τοὺς πάσχοντας ἀνθρώπους Gal.16.583
, cf. 15.501, Sor.Fasc. 45, al.IV in later Stoic Philos., πάσχειν is to be acted upon by outward objects, take impressions from, them, opp. ἀποπάσχω, mostly folld. by ὅτι, to be led to suppose that.., Arr.Epict.1.2.3, 1.18.1, etc.: also c. acc., have experience of, ἀρετήν, λόγον, Ph.2.449, 1.121. (Πṇ θσκω, [tense] fut. Πένθ-σομαι, cf. πένθος.) -
113 πιστεύω
Aπεπιστεύκειν Act.Ap.14.23
: ([etym.] πίστις):—trust, put faith in, rely on a person, thing, or statement, τινι Hdt.1.24 ;τῷ λόγῳ Id.2.118
, cf. S.El. 886, etc. ;π. θεῶν θεσφάτοισι A.Pers. 800
;τῇ τύχῃ Th.5.112
;σφίσιν αὐτοῖς Id.3.5
;ταῖς ἀληθείαις D.44.3
; [ σημείοις] Antipho 5.81 ;π. τινὶ περί τινος Arist. EN 1157a21
;ὑπὲρ τῶν ὅλων Plb.2.43.2
: with neut. Adj. or Pron., λόγοις ἐμοῖσι πίστευσον τάδε believe my words herein, E.Hel. 710;τοῦτ'.. Αἰγυπτίοις πιστεῦσαι δεῖ Arist.Mete. 343b10
;μὴ πάντα πειρῶ πᾶσι πιστεύειν Men.Mon. 335
: later with Preps., π. ἐν τῷ Θεῷ, ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ, LXXPs.77(78).22, Ev.Marc.1.15 ;π. εἰς τὸν Θεόν Ev.Jo.14.1
, al.; εἰς τὸ ὄνομά τινος ib.1.12;π. ἐπὶ τὸν Κύριον Act.Ap.9.42
: abs., believe,περὶ μὲν τούτου.. οὔτε ἀπιστέω οὔτε ὦν π. τι λίην Hdt.4.96
; χαλεπὰ παντὶ ἑξῆς τεκμηρίῳ πιστεῦσαι although it is hard to believe every single bit of evidence about them, Th.1.20 : c. acc. cogn., π. δόξαν entertain a confident opinion, Id.5.105 :—[voice] Pass., to be trusted or believed,ἄνδρες ἄξιοι πιστεύεσθαι Pl.La. 181b
, cf.Ep. 309a, X.Cyr.4.2.8; πιστευθῆναι ὑπό τινος enjoy his confidence, ib.6.1.39, cf. An.7.6.33 ;π. παρά τινι D.23.4
, 58.44 ;πρός τινας Id.20.25
; ὡς πιστευθησόμενος as if he would be believed, Id.27.54, cf. 36.43 ;π. ὡς δημοτικὸς ὤν Arist.Pol. 1305a28
; πιστεύονται [οἱ λόγοι] Id.EN 1172b6 ; ἐπιστεύοντο ἃ ἔλεγον they were believed in what they said, D.32.4 ; πρόγνωσιν ἐπεπίστευντο were believed to possess foreknowledge, J.AJ17.2.4.3 c. inf., believe that, feel confident that a thing is, will be, has been, E.HF 146;ἀληθῆ εἶναι Pl.Grg. 524a
, cf. R. 450d; ; ; π. ὡς.., ὅτι .., X.Hier.1.37, Arist. Ph. 254a3, al.: the inf. is sts. omitted, τὰ μὲν οὐ πιστεύουσιν οἱ νέοι (sc. εἶναι or γεγονέναι) Id.EN 1142a19, cf. APr. 68b13, GA 716a7 :—[voice] Pass.,παρὰ Διὸς.. οἱ νόμοι πεπιστευμένοι ἦσαν γεγονέναι Pl.Lg. 636d
; πιστευθεὶς ἀληθεύσειν believed sure to.., X.An.7.7.25 ;ὁ ἥλιος.. πεπίστευται εἶναι μείζων τῆς οἰκουμένης Arist. de An. 428b4
; : without inf.,πιστευθείσης εἱμαρμένης αἴρεται πᾶσα νουθεσία Diog.Oen.33
, cf. 23.4 c. dat. et inf., τοῖσι ἐπίστευε σιγᾶν to whom he trusted that they would keep silence, Hdt.8.110, cf. X.Cyr.3.3.55, Lys.19.54.5 have faith, Act.Ap.2.44, 19.18, etc.II π. τινί τι entrust something to another, τινὶ ἡγεμονίαν, χρήματα, X.Mem.4.4.17, Smp.8.36;τὰν ὠνὰν τῷ θεῷ GDI1684
, al. (Delph.);γυναικὶ μὴ πίστευε τὸν.. βίον Men.Mon.86
; also :—[voice] Med., have entrusted to one, Berichte der russ. Akad. fuür Gesch. der materiellen Kultur4.82
(Olbia, ii/iii A.D.):—[voice] Pass., πιστεύεσθαί τι to be entrusted with a thing, have it committed to one, παρά or ὑπό τινος, Plb.3.69.1, Phylarch.24J., cf. Vett. Val.65.3: c. inf.,πιστευθέντας τοῖς ἐχθροῖς διαφθείρειν Arist.Pol. 1287a39
(nisi leg. πεισθέντας): c. gen.,πιστευθεὶς τῆς Κύπρου Plb.18.55.6
, cf. 6.56.13, D.S.12.15, etc.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πιστεύω
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114 πονέω
A in early Greek only [voice] Med. πονέομαι, inf.- έεσθαι Il.10.116
: [tense] impf. ἐπονεῖτο, [dialect] Ep.πονεῖτο 9.12
: [tense] fut.πονήσομαι 23.159
, Hp.Mul.1.4, laterπονέσομαι Luc.Asin.9
: [tense] aor. ἐπονησάμην, [dialect] Ep.πονήσατο Il.9.348
, ([etym.] δια-) Pl.Lg. 966c, X.Eq.5.10; ἐπονήθην f.l. in E.Hel. 1509 (lyr.), ([etym.] δια-) Isoc.15.267: [tense] pf. πεπόνημαι, [dialect] Ion.[ per.] 3pl.—- έαται Hdt.2.63
, [dialect] Ep.- ήαται Arat.82
, [dialect] Att. : [tense] plpf.πεπόνητο Il.15.447
, [dialect] Ep.[ per.] 3pl.- ήατο A.R.2.263
:I abs., work hard,ὡς ἐπονεῖτο Il.2.409
; ὄφελεν πονέεσθαι λισσόμενος he ought to suffer toil in praying, 10.117; ὅπλα.., τοῖς ἐπονεῖτο with which he did his work, of Hephaestus, 18.413, cf. Od.16.13; περὶ δόρπα.. πονέοντο were busied about their supper, Il.24.444, cf. Hdt.2.63, Pl.Phlb. 58e; so πεπόνητο καθ' ἵππους was busy with the horses, of a charioteer, Il.15.447; πονέοντο κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην were toiling in the fight, 5.84, etc.; hence πονεῖσθαι alone = μάχεσθαι, 4.374, 13.288; π. τινός to be busy with.., Arat.82, cf. 758.II c. acc., work hard at, make or do with pains or care,τύμβον Il.23.245
; ;ὅπλα.. πονησάμενοι κατὰ νῆα Od.11.9
;πονησάμενος τὰ ἃ ἔργα 9.250
, cf. Il.9.348, Hes.Op. 432 (sc. ἄροτρα); πονεύμενος ἕρκος ἀλωῆς Mosch.4.100
;πεπονήατο δαῖτα γέροντι A.R.2.263
.B after Hom., the act. form πονέω prevails: [tense] fut. , Pl.R. 410b, Hp.Mul.1.2,5; later , Lyr. Alex.Adesp.37.3, LXXIs.19.10, al., and in codd. of Hp.Aph.4.32: [tense] aor. ἐπόνησα, [dialect] Dor. -ᾱσα, E.Hipp. 1369 (anap.), Pl.R. 462d, Hp.Acut.46, Theoc.15.80; poet.πόνησα Pi.N.7.36
; later , al., Ph.Bel.58.1, al., Polyaen.3.10.6, etc., and in codd. of Hp.Coac. 489, Morb.1.4,14: [tense] pf. , X.Cyr.4.5.22, Hp.Vict. 2.66; laterπεπόνεκα PMich.Zen.104.3
(iii B.C.): [tense] plpf.ἐπεπονήκει Th. 7.38
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. ἐπονήθην ([etym.] ἐξ-) Id.6.31; [dialect] Dor. subj.πονᾱθῇ Pi.O.6.11
: [tense] pf. (anap.), Pl.Phdr. 232a (v. infr. 1.3):I intr., toil, labour,περὶ λήϊον Hdt.2.14
;ἐς ἄκαιρα πονεῖν Thgn.919
; πόνει μετ' εὐκλείας Anon ap.Stob.3.1.173 = JHS27.63 (Cyzicus, iv/iii B.C.); ἄλλως, μάτην π., labour in vain, S.OT 1151, E.HF 501: c.acc., τὰ μηδὲν ὠφελοῦντα μὴ πόνει μάτην do not labour at.., A.Pr.44;ἀνήνυτα π. Pl. R. 531a
: rarely of things,τίς.. αἶνος ἐπ' ἀνδρὶ θείῳ.. πονήσει; A.Ag. 1550
(lyr., dub., leg. αἶνον).2 c. acc. cogn., π. πόνον go through, suffer toil, Id.Pers. 682, E.Hec. 779, cf. S.Ph. 1419, E.Hipp. 1369 (anap.), Pl.R. 410b, etc.; , etc.;ἅμιλλαν ποδοῖν E.IA 212
(lyr.);π. πολλά Id.Supp. 577
: with modal words, π. τινί suffer in or by a thing, Pi.N.7.36; ;ὑπὸ χειμῶνος Antipho 2.2.1
; ; εἰρεσίᾳ Polyaen.l.c.: c.acc. partis, πεπόνηκα.. τὼ σκέλει mylegs ache, Ar. Pax 820; π. τὰς κεφαλάς, τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς, τὰ γόνατα, have a pain in.., Arist.HA 557a10, Pr. 959b21, 882b25: with modal dat. added,π. πλευρὰν πικρᾷ γλωχῖνι S.Tr. 681
: abs., labour under sickness, suffer, Hp.VM8; suffer damage, ; also, suffer pain, ἀεὶ π. τὸ ζῷον Anaxag.ap eund.EN 1154b7; of an army, to be hard-pressed, suffer, Th.5.73, X.Cyr.1.4.21, etc.; of ships, Th.7.38; of implements, arms, etc., to be worn out, spoilt, or damaged, D.18.194, Plb.3.49.11, Inscr.Délos 442 B204, al. (ii B.C.);τὰ σπαρτία ἧττον πονέσει Arist.Mech.
l.c.;ῥίζαι πεπονηκυῖαι Thphr.HP3.7.1
; of buildings, to be dilapidated, PEnteux.6.3 (iii B.C.), etc.3 [voice] Pass., impers., οὐκ ἄλλως αὐτοῖς πεπόνηται, = πεπονήκασι, Pl.Phdr. 232a.II trans.,1 c.acc. pers., afflict, distress, Pi.P. 4.151, cj. in Anacreont.33.14:—[voice] Pass., to be afflicted or worn out, suffer greatly,πεπονημένος ὀδύναις S.Tr. 985
(anap.);πόλεως πονουμένης τῷ πολέμῳ Th.4.59
; .b [voice] Pass., to be trained or educated, δοκεῖ ὁ κατ' ἀλήθειαν πολιτικὸς πεπονῆσθαι περὶ [τὴν ἀρετήν] Arist.EN 1102a8;πεπονημένην ἔχειν τὴν ἕξιν Id.Pol. 1335b8
, cf. Theoc.13.14; πεπονημένον ὑπό μου though he owes his training to me, PCair.Zen.378.16 (iii B.C.).2 c. acc. rei, gain by toil or labour, [ χρήματα] X.An.7.6.41:—[voice] Pass., to be won or achieved by toil,καλὸν εἴ τι ποναθῇ Pi.O.6.11
, cf. P.9.93.b [voice] Pass., of meats, to be dressed, cooked, Ptol.Euerg.9J., Phld.Mort.24; specially prepared,Sor.
1.94.—The rule of Choerob. in Theod.2.137 H., EM130.3, that when πονέω means toil, the [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. are πονήσω, ἐπόνησα, when suffer pain, πονέσω, ἐπόνεσα, is not borne out by the examples (v. supr.).—The [tense] fut. [voice] Med. κατα-πονήσομαι is used as trans. by D.S.11.15; so [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. πονήθη in IG9(1).867.6 (Corc., vii/vi B.C.); and the intr. and trans. senses are united in Anacreont. 33.14 (cj.), 15. -
115 πρόειμι
A ibo) go forward, advance,κατὰ βραχὺ προϊών Th.1.64
;ὀλίγα βήματα προϊόντες X.Cyr.7.5.6
;π. τῆς ὁδοῦ X.Eph.4.3
; of the Nile Delta, προϊούσης τῆς χώρης as it advanced (by deposit from the water), Hdt.2.15.2 of Time, προϊόντος τοῦ χρόνου as time went on, Id.3.96; προϊούσης τῆς πόσιος, π. τοῦ συμποσίου, Id.6.129, X.Cyr.8.4.13:προϊούσης τῆς νυκτός Id.An.2.2.19
; π. τῆς ἡλικίας, τῆς συνουσίας, Pl.Phdr. 279a, Tht. 150d; προϊόντος τοῦ λόγου, τοῦ ᾄσματος, Id.Phdr. 238d, Prt. 339c; τοῦ προϊόντος ἔτους the current year, BGU 1126.6(i B.C.):ἡ ἐργασία κατὰ τοὺς τρεῖς χρόνους π. Hermog.Prog. 9
.3 proceed, continue, προϊὼν καὶ ἀναγιγνώσκων going on reading, Pl.Phd. 98b;πρόϊθί γε ἔτι εἰς τοὔμπροσθεν Id.Grg. 497a
, cf. Lg. 842a;ὁ λόγος προΐτω Plot.2.4.4
.4 go first, go in advance, X.Cyr.1.5.14, 2.2.6: c. gen., go before or in advance of,τῆς ἄλλης στρατιῆς Hdt.1.80
: metaph.,π. τοῦ καιροῦ X.Cyr.6.3.29
.5 go forth,θύρασι Ar.Th.69
;π. ἔξω τῆς φάλαγγος X.Lac.12.3
codd.;π. τοῦ οἴκου Hdn.1.17.4
; appear in public,ἐν ἐρεᾷ ἐσθῆτι PGnom. 182
(ii A.D.).6 π. εἴς τι pass on to, begin another thing, X.Eq.10.13;π. εἰς ἄπειρον Arist.EN 1094a20
, Ph. 209a26: hence, become,ἐξ οἰκέτου δεσπότης π. Luc.Nigr.20
.7 of an action,π. ἐπὶ τὸ λῷον
succeed,X.
Vect.6.3.------------------------------------A sum) to be before, τά τ' ἐσσόμενα πρό τ' ἐόντα things which were before, Il.1.70; οἱ προόντες γεωργοί the former cultivators, PTeb.379.12(ii A.D.); αἱ προοῦσαι τάξεις the previous positions, Ael. Tact.29.10; but, οἱ προόντες those who were there before (and still are there), Ath.9.391d;ἀνῳκοδόμησα ἐπὶ προοῦσι θεμελίοις ἀρχαίοις Sammelb.5232.19
(i A.D.); τῇ προούσῃ αὐτοῦ γυναικί his present wife, PSI1.36a5,27(i A.D.), cf. PRyl.154.4(i A.D.);τὰ προεσόμενα Plu. 2.586f
(s.v.l.); also τοῖς προοῦσι δίδωμι the aforesaid, POxy.580(ii A.D.).II προεσόμενα, = profutura, Gloss.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πρόειμι
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116 πτερόν
A feathers, Od.15.527, Hdt.2.73, etc.: in sg., feather, E.Rh. 618, Ar.Ach. 584, 1105; πτεροῦ σῦριγξ quill, Hp.Fist.6;τὰ ὦτα πτερῷ κνωμένοις Luc.Salt.2
;ἀντὶ τριχῶν πτερὰ φύειν Pl.Ti. 91d
(cf. Ar.Av. 106);ἡ τῶν π. ἀποβολή Pl.Phdr. 246d
: prov., πόνου δ' ἴδοις ἂν οὐδαμοῦ ταὐτὸν π. misery is of varied plumage, i.e. manifold, A.Supp. 329; τοῖς αὑτῶν π. ἁλίσκεσθαι to be shot with an arrow feathered from one's own plumes, 'hoist with one's own petard', Id.Fr. 139; ἀλλοτρίοις π. ἀγάλλεσθαι pride oneself on 'borrowed plumes', Luc.Pro Merc.Cond.4; κείρευ πτερά 'have your wings clipped', Call.Epigr.47.8.2 = πτέρυξ, bird's wing, freq. in pl., wings, Il.11.454, Od.2.151, etc. (sg., A.Fr.304.4);οἶμον αἰθέρος ψαίρει πτεροῖς Id.Pr. 396
; Παλλάδος ὑπὸ πτεροῖς ὄντας, metaph. from chickens under the hen's wings, Id.Eu. 1001 (lyr.);τὰ τέκν' ἔχων ὑπὸ πτεροῖς E.Heracl.10
, etc.: as an emblem of speed,ὡσεὶ π. ἠὲ νόημα Od.7.36
;πόδα τιθεὶς ἴσον πτεροῖς E.IT32
; δοκεῖτε πηδᾶν τἀδικήματ' εἰς θεοὺς πτεροῖσι; Id.Fr. 506; also τῷ δ' εὖτε πτερὰ γίγνετο he got as it were wings, i.e. spirit, courage, Il.19.386; νωμᾷ δ' ἐν οἰωνοῖσι τοὐκείνης (sc. Ἀφροδίτης) πτερόν, ἐν θηρσίν, ἐν βροτοῖσιν, ἐν θεοῖς her uplifting influence, S.Fr.941.11.III anything like wings or feathers: as1 oars,ἐρετμά, τά τε πτερὰ νηυσὶ πέλονται Od.11.125
;νηὸς πτερά Hes.Op. 628
(unless sails, cf.πτίλον 111.2
); ὅπῃ νεὼς στείλαιμ' ἂν οὔριον π. E.Hel. 147;σκάφος ἀΐσσον πτεροῖσι Id.Tr. 1086
(lyr.): hence conversely, of birds,πτεροῖς ἐρέσσει Id.IT 289
; πτερῶν εἰρεσίᾳ, of Hermes, Luc.Tim.40.2 ἀέθλων πτερά, i.e. the crown of victory, which lifts the victor to heaven, Pi.O.14.24, cf.P.9.125.3 sg., wings of the wind, dub. in S.Fr.23.3.5 π. ἱέρακος a hawk's wing, worn by the ἱερογραμματεύς in Egypt, D.S.1.87.7 ploughshare, Lyc. 1072.9 πτερὰ Θετταλικά were the fluttering corners of a χλαμύς (v.πτέρυξ 11.4
), Poll. 7.46. -
117 Σ ς
Σ ς, [full] σίγμα or [full] σῖγμα (both accents are found in codd.), τό, twentyfirst letter of the Etruscan abecedaria, IG14.2420, and prob. of the oldest Gr. alphabets (corresponding to the twenty-first Hebrew letterA shin <*>, Phoenician [full] Ω, Syria 6.103), but eighteenth of the [dialect] Ion. alphabet: as numeral σ = 200, but [num] σ' = 200,000: a semi-vowel, Arist.Po. 1456b28, cf. Pl.Tht. 203b.A the oldest forms expressing this sound were [full] Μ (which is however the old eighteenth letter, q.v.), also [full] Σ and [full] ς; compared to a twisted curl, E.Fr.382.7, Theodect.6; to a Scythian bow, Agatho 4; after this, but yet early, it took the shape of a semicircle <*>, whence Aeschrio (Fr.1 ) calls the new moon τὸ καλὸν οὐρανοῦ νέον σῖγμα: hence the orchestra is called τὸ τοῦ θεάτρου σῖγμα, Phot., AB 286: and Lat. writers used sigma of a semicircular couch, Mart.10.48.6, etc.; cf. σιγμοειδής. The rare form <*> is used in the numbering of building-stones in Berl.Sitzb.1888.1234, 1242 (Pergam.). From final [full] ς must be disting uished the character [full] ς = 6, v. [full] ϝ ϝ (sixth letter).B the name [full] σίγμα ( [full] σῖγμα) was usu. indeclinable,τοῦ σῖγμα Pl.
l.c., Cra. 402e, 427a, Ath.10.455c, Lyd.Mens.1.21 (v.l. σίγματος); τῷ σῖγμα Gal.UP2.14
, al.;τῶν σῖγμα Pl.Com.30
;τὰ σίγμα τὰ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀσπίδων X.HG4.4.10
, cf. Hellad. ap. Phot.Bibl.p.532 B.; later declined,τοῦ σίγματος Eust.1389.15
;σίγμασιν Id.905.7
.2 we also hear of another name [full] σάν [ᾰ], τό, ta\ ou)no/mata/ sfi (sc. τοῖσι Πέρσῃσι)τελευτῶσι πάντα ἐς τὠυτὸ γράμμα, τὸ Δωριέες μὲν σὰν καλέουσι, Ἴωνες δὲ σίγμα Hdt.1.139
, cf. Pi.Dith.Oxy. 1604 Fr. 1 ii 3, Ath.11.467a; as name of the fourth and tenth letters in Θρασύμαχος, and of the sixth in Διονύσο ([etym.] υ), Epigr. ap. Ath.10.454f, Achae.33.4; cf. the compd. σαμ-φόρας: σάν and σίγμα were evidently pronounced alike; it is conjectured that σάν is originally the name of the old eighteenth letter. -
118 σείω
Aσεῖον Od.3.486
; [dialect] Ion. σείασκον ([etym.] ἀνας-) h.Ap. 403 (v.l. ἀνασσείσασκε): [tense] fut. , ([etym.] δια-) Hdt.6.109, ([etym.] ἐπι-) E.Or. 613: [tense] aor. , Ar.Ach.12, etc.; [dialect] Ep.σεῖσα Il.15.321
: [tense] pf. σέσεικα ([etym.] κατα-) Philem.84, ([etym.] ἐν-) Luc.Merc.Cond.30:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor. ἐσεισάμην ([etym.] ἀπ-) Thgn.348, Hdt.7.88, Ar.Nu. 287, Pl.Grg. 484a; [dialect] Ep.σείσατο Il.8.199
,ἐσείσατο Call.Ap.1
, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor.ἐσείσθην Hdt.6.98
, etc.: [tense] pf.σέσεισμαι Pi.P.8.94
, Ar.Nu. 1276:—shake, move to and fro, Hom. (esp. in Il.); σ. ἐγχείας, ἔγχεα, μελίην, shake the poised spear, Il.3.345, 13.135 ([voice] Pass.), 22.133, etc.;αἰγίδα 15.321
; σανίδας ς. shake the door, 9.583; of chariot horses,σεῖον ζυγὸν ἀμφὶς ἔχοντες Od.3.486
; σ. λόφον, of a warrior, Alc.22, A.Th. 385; ἡνίας χεροῖν ς. S.El. 713; (anap.); σ. χαίτην, etc., Anacr.49, E.Cyc.75 (lyr.), Med. 1191;εὔπτερον δέμας Id. Ion 1204
; κάρα ς., as sign of discontent, S.Ant. 291; but of one dancing, E.Ba. 185; ἄκρᾳ τῇ οὐρᾷ ς. X.Cyn. 3.4.2 of earthquakes, which were attributed to Poseidon (cf. Pl.Cra. 403a),ὅστις νομίζει Ποσειδέωνα τὴν γῆν σείειν Hdt.7.129
; withoutτὴν γῆν, αὐτοῖς ὁ Ποσειδῶν σείσας ἐμβάλοι οἰκίας Ar.Ach. 511
, cf. Lys. 1142; βρονταῖς χθόνα ς. Id.Av. 1752;ἔσεισεν ὁ θεός X.HG4.7.4
: also impers., ἔσεισεν there was an earthquake, Th.4.52.3 metaph., agitate, disturb,πόλιν Pi.P.4.272
;τὰ πόλεος.. θεοὶ πολλῷ σάλῳ σείσαντες ὤρθωσαν πάλιν S.Ant. 163
; σ. τὴν καρδίαν turn the stomach, Ar.Ach.12; σ. τὴν κεφαλήν cause a concussion of.., Hp. Prorrh.1.143, v. infr. 11.2:—[voice] Pass.,ἐσείσθη τὴν καρδίαν Philostr.VS2.1.11
.4 in [dialect] Att., accuse falsely or spitefully, so as to extort hushmoney, blackmail,σ. καὶ ταράττων Ar.Eq. 840
, cf. Telecl.2; ; ἑτέρους τῶν ὑπευθύνων ἔσειεκαὶ ἐσυκοφάντει Antipho 6.43
, cf. BGU428.9 (ii A.D.); so perh.σείειν κατ' ἀγοράν Alciphr.3.70
(s. v.l.):—[voice] Pass., to be extorted, POxy. 1252r.37 (iii A.D.).II [voice] Pass., shake, heave, quake, of the earth,ἐσσείοντο πόδες Ἴδης Il.20.59
;Δῆλος.. πρῶτα καὶ ὕστατα.. σεισθεῖσα Hdt.6.98
: metaph., to be shaken to its foundation,τὸ τερπνὸν πιτνεῖ.. σεσεισμένον Pi.P.8.94
;οἷς.. ἂν σεισθῇ θεόθεν δόμος S.Ant. 584
(lyr.).2 generally, move to and fro, Il.14.285;φαεινὴ σείετο πήληξ 13.805
;κόμαι σείονται Ar.Lys. 1312
; ὄρχος σειόμενος φύλλοισι an orchard waving with foliage, Hes.Sc.[299]; ὀδόντων οἱ πλεῦνες ἐσείοντο his teeth were loose, Hdt.6.107;σεισθῆναι σάλῳ E.IT46
;τὸν ἐγκέφαλον σεσεῖσθαι Ar.Nu. 1276
;ὁκόσων ἂν σεισθῇ ὁ ἐγκέφαλος Hp.Aph.7.58
;σείεσθαι τὴν ὄψιν Thphr.Vert.8
.III [voice] Med., shake something of one's own, from oneself, etc.,σεισαμένας πτερὰ ματρός Theoc.13.13
;σ. γυίων ἄπο νήχυτον ἅλμην A.R.4.1367
;σ. πλοκαμῖδας AP5.272
(Agath.). -
119 σκόλιον
A song which went round crookedly at banquets, being sung to the lyre by the guests one after another in irregular order, the singer holding a myrtlebranch ([etym.] μυρρίνη) passed to him by the previous singer,ᾆσον δή μοι σ. τι λαβὼν Ἀλκαίον κἀνακρέοντος Ar.Fr. 223
, cf. Arist.Pol. 1285a38, Ath.15.694a; the word first in Pi.Fr.122.11 (cf. Aristox.Fr.Hist.66, Ath.13.573f); examples in B.Scol.Oxy. 1361, Bergk PLG iiipp.643 sqq., cf. Ar.Ach. 532, Ra. 1302, V. 1222, Pl.Grg. 451e (cf. Sch. ad loc.); τὰ Ἀττικὰ ἐκεῖνα ς. Ath.15.693f. (The name was variously expld.: (a) from σκολιός crooked, because of the crooked order of the singers, the bad singers being passed over, or the couches being crookedly arranged, Dicaearch.Hist.43, Aristox.Fr.Hist.59, Plu.2.615c, Sch. Pl.l.c. (b) later, the omission of the bad singers being ascribed to the difficulty or non-social character of the songs (cf. Plu.2.615b), σκόλιον was derived from δύσκολον or δυσκολία, Hsch., Sch.Ar.V. 1217; or it was said that the songs were easy, but appeared difficult to drunken revellers, Procl. in Phot.Bibl.p.321 B.; or were called difficult κατ' ἀντίφρασιν, Procl. l.c., Suid.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σκόλιον
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120 σπαθάω
σπᾰθ-άω, in weaving,A strike the woof with the σπάθη (q.v.), σ. τὸν ἱστόν make the web close and strong, Philyll. 12, cf. Poll.7.36:—[voice] Pass., metaph., συλλαβαὶ πολλοῖς γράμμασιν ἐσπαθημέναι close-packed, Phld.Po.2.41.II θοἰμάτιον δεικνὺς τοδὶ πρόφασιν ἔφασκον ὦ γύναι, λίαν σπαθᾷς" you are laying it on too thick, a cant phrase for 'playing ducks and drakes with' money (perh. with a play on signf. 1), Ar.Nu.55; τὰ πατρῷα βρύκει καὶ ς. Diph.43.27;σ. τὰ χρήματα Plu.Per.14
; τάλαντα ς. Luc.Cat.20, cf. Philostr.VA 5.38, Alciphr.3.34; ἐσπαθᾶτο ταῦτα καὶ ἐδημηγορεῖτο, expld. by Sch. as = ἐδαψιλεύετο, these were the prodigalities indulged in, thus were all advantages squandered away, D.19.43.2 = ἀλαζονεύομαι, Men.347.
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