right

right

right

δεξιός, ά, όν (Hom.+; Ath. 15, 2 κατὰ τὴν τέχνην ‘artistically appropriate’)

① right as opposed to left in a frame of reference, right.

ⓐ Used w. a noun χείρ (Hippocr.; Epid. 5, p. 88 [2, 8]) Mt 5:30; Lk 6:6; Ac 3:7; Rv 1:16f; 10:5 (Dt 32:40); 13:16; eye (Hippocr., Epid. 3, 1, 3 [44] ed. Kühlewein I 218, 19) Mt 5:29 (the right eye is esp. valuable because its loss is a handicap to the warrior: Jos., Ant. 6, 69–71; here in 71 also the thought: it is better to suffer the loss of the right eye than to ἀπολωλέναι in possession of all the other members); cheek vs. 39 (s. D 1:4); ear (s. on οὖς 1) Lk 22:50; J 18:10; shoulder Hs 9, 2, 4; foot (Artem. 2, 51; 5, 70) Rv 10:2. τὰ δ. μέρη the right side J 21:6; Hv 3, 1, 9; 3, 2, 1 (as the lucky side as Il. 12, 239; 13, 821; Artem. 5, 92; Quint. Smyrn. 12, 58).—Abs. ἡ δ. (sc. χείρ) the right hand (Hom.+; LXX; ApcEsdr 3:7 p. 27, 15 Tdf.; Jos., Ant. 17, 184) Mt 6:3 in a warning against ‘strategic’ giving; 27:29; Rv 1:17, 20; 2:1; 5:1, 7—τὰ δ. (sc. μέρη; s. above) the right side (X., An. 1, 8, 4); περιέβλεπεν τὰ δ. καὶ τὰ ἀριστερά GJs 11:1 (s. ἀριστερός). ἐκ δεξιῶν on the right (X., Cyr. 8, 5, 15 al.; oft. pap [Mayser 226]; LXX; En 13:7; Jos., Ant. 4, 305) w. gen. (Tob 1:2; Zech 4:3; Sir 12:12 al.; TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 2 [Stone p. 30] al.; TestJob 33:3) Mt 25:33f (cp. Plut., Mor. 192f ἐκέλευε τοὺς μὲν ἐπὶ δεξιᾷ τοῦ βήματος θεῖναι, τοὺς δʼ ἐπʼ ἀριστερᾷ … τ. βελτίονας … τοὺς χείρονας); Mk 15:27; Lk 1:11; Pol 2:1; abs. (1 Esdr 9:43; Ex 14:22, 29; 3 Km 7:25, 35 al.) Mt 27:38; Lk 23:33; B 11:10; Hv 3, 2, 1f; 4; Hs 9, 6, 2. Also ἐν τοῖς δ. Mk 16:5 or δεξιά (s. εὐώνυμος, end) Hs 9, 12, 8. Pl. ἐκ δεξιῶν τινος εἶναι stand at someone’s side Ac 2:25 (Ps 15:8; of geographical location En 13:7 Ἑρμωνοεὶμ δύσεως ‘to the right of Hermon’).—In imagery of spiritual equipment ὅπλα δ. καὶ ἀριστερά weapons for the right side and the left side 2 Cor 6:7 (sword and shield, offense and defense).

ⓑ freq. in symbolism (on symbolic use s. SFlory, Medea’s Right Hand: Promise and Revenge: TAPA 108, ’78, 69–74; cp. δεξιτερή [sc. χείρ] Il. 22, 320 Achilles is about to avenge the death of Patroclus; s. also Soph., Phil. 813. The pl. δεξιαί is used in Hom. of pledges given in good faith with the right hand Il. 2, 341=4, 159; for use of the term in contracts s. Preis. s.v., esp. PFay 124, 13 [II A.D.]) and imagery relating to prestige or power. Abs. (sc. χεῖρ): of position at the right hand of an eminent pers., esp. a royal figure (for a king’s right hand as emblematic of prestige s. 1 Cl 28:3 [Ps 138:10]); B 12:11 (Is 45:1). δ. διδόναι give the right hand (on this abs. use cp. the Eng. expression ‘give me five’) as a sign of friendship and trust (X., An. 1, 6, 6; 2, 5, 3; Alex. Ep. XIV, 31; Diod S 13, 43, 4; Appian, Liby. 64, 284; 1 and 2 Macc; Jos., Ant. 18, 326; 328.—Dssm., NB 78f [BS 251]; Nägeli 24) Gal 2:9 (KGrayston, BRigaux Festschr., ’70, 485: ‘came to terms’; JSampley, Pauline Partnership in Christ ’80, 26–35). ἐπιτιθέναι τὴν δ. ἐπὶ τ. κεφαλήν τινος lay one’s right hand on someone’s head B 13:5a (Gen. 48:18a ἐπιβάλλειν); also μετατιθέναι … τινος transfer one’s right hand on someone’s head vs. 5b (Gen 48:18b ἐπιτιθέναι). ἐν δεξιᾷ at the right (Arrian, Anab. 6, 2, 2): ἐν δ. τινος at someone’s right: God’s (Ael. Aristid. 37, 6 K.=2 p. 15 D., w. allusion to Pind., calls Athena δεξιὰν κατὰ χεῖρα τοῦ πατρὸς [Zeus] καθεζομένη.—Pind., N. 11, 2 names Hera as the ὁμόθρονος of Zeus) Ro 8:34; Eph 1:20; Col 3:1; Hb 10:12; 1 Pt 3:22. τῆς μεγαλωσύνης Hb 1:3; τοῦ θρόνου 8:1; 12:2.—The right hand in imagery of power (of God: PsSol 13, 1; Jos., Bell. 1, 378) τῇ δεξιᾷ of God (as Is 63:12) by or with his right hand (cp. Maximus Tyr. 4, 8a) Ac 2:33; 5:31 (BWeiss; Zahn; HHoltzmann; Felten; Beyer; Steinmann; Moffatt Ac 2:33); it may also be dat. of place (B-D-F §199; Rob. 526; 543) at or to his right hand (Weizsäcker; Wendt; Knopf; Belser; Hoennicke; OHoltzmann; Moffatt Ac 5:31). Pl. καθίσαι ἐκ δ. τινος sit at someone’s right, i.e. at the place of honor (3 Km 2:19; Jos., Ant. 8, 7) of the Messiah Mt 20:21, 23; Mk 10:37, 40; of God Mt 22:44 (Ps 109:1); 26:64; Mk 12:36 (Ps 109:1); 14:62; 16:19; Lk 20:42 (Ps 109:1); 22:69; Ac 2:34; Hb 1:13; 1 Cl 36:5; B 12:10 (the last 4 Ps 109:1); stand on the right as the place of honor (Ps 44:10) Ac 7:55f; Hs 9, 6, 2 (s. Bihlmeyer app.).—AGornatowski, Rechts u. Links im ant. Abergl., diss. Breslau ’36; JDaniélou, TU 73, ’59, 689–98; BLiow-Gille, ‘Dexter’ et ‘sinister’ et leur équivalents: Glotta 69, ’91, 194–201.

② pert. to being morally or spiritually correct, true σύνεσις δ., ἀριστερά understanding of what is true and what is false D 12:1 (for other interpretations s. ἀριστερός and σύνεσις).—B. 865. DELG. M-M. TW.

ὀρθός, ή, όν,

A straight,

I in height, upright, standing, Hom., who commonly joins it with

στῆναι, στῆ δ' ὀρθός Il.23.271

, al., cf. Hdt.5.111,9.22 (where it is used of a horse rearing);

ὀρθαὶ τρίχες ἔσταν Il.24.359

, cf. Hes.Op. 540 ;

ὀρθῶν ἑσταότων ἀγορή Il.18.246

;

οἱ δ' ἐν νηΐ μ' ἔδησαν.. ὀρθὸν ἐν ἱστοπέδῃ Od.12.179

, cf. S.Aj. 239 (anap.);

κυρβασίας.. ὀρθὰς εἶχον πεπηγυίας Hdt.7.64

;

ὀρθὸν αἴρεις κάρα A.Ch. 496

, etc.; ὀρθὸν οὖς ἵστησι pricks up his ear, S.El.27, etc.; applied to the erect posture of man, Arist.PA 653a31, al.; ὀ. θηρίον, of man, Philem.3 ; of buildings, standing with their walls entire,

[τὸ Πάνακτον] ὀρθὸν παραδοῦναι Th.5.42

;

ὀρθαὶ κίονες Pi.P.4.267

, cf. PLond. 3.755v.2(iv A. D.); of a standing crop, ib.1165.2 (ii A. D.). Adv.,

ὀρθῶς ἑστῶτες Arist.PA 689b19

.

b Geom., at right angles to..,

εὐθεῖα πρὸς ἐπίπεδον ὀρθή ἐστιν ὅταν.. Euc.11

Def.3.

c Astrol., ὀρθὰ ζῴδια signs which rise vertically, opp. πλάγια, Doroth. in Cat. Cod. Astr.5 (1). 240.

II in line, straight (opp. σκολιός crooked and πλάγιος aslant), ἀντ' ἠελίου τετραμμένος ὀρθός straight, right opposite the sun, Hes.Op. 727 ;

ὀρθὸν εὐθύνοι βέλος A.Fr. 200

; ποιῶν ὀρθὰ πάντα πρὸς

κανόνα IG7.3073.108

(Lebadea, ii B. C.); ὀ. τρῶμα longitudinal to the muscle, opp. ἐπικάρσιος, Hp.Prorrh.2.15 ;

ὀρθὸς εἰς ὁδὸν πορεύεται S. Aj. 1254

;

εἶμι.. ὀ. ὁδόν Thgn.945

;

ὀ. κέλευθον ἰών Pi.P.11.39

; ὀρθὴν κελεύεις, i. e. ὀρθὴν ὁδόν με ἰέναι κ., Ar.Av.1 ; so ὀρθὴν ἄνω δίωκε (sc. όδόν) Id.Th. 1223 (but ὀρθήν, = εὐθύς, Hyp.Fr. 257); δι' ὀρθῆς τήνδε ναυκληρεῖς πόλιν (sc. ὁδοῦ) S.Ant. 994 ;

εἰς ὀρθὸν τρέχειν Diph.61.5

;

εἰς ὀρθὸν ἀποδοῦναι

to face the front originally held,

Ascl.Tact.10.1

;

κατ' ὀρθὸν εὐδρομεῖν Men.681

; also

ὀρθᾷ χερί

straightway,

Pi.O.10(11).4

; ὀρθῷ ποδί ib.13.72, Fr. 167 ; but τιθέναι ὀρθὸν πόδα is prob. to put the foot out, as in walking, A.Eu. 294 (v.

κατηρεφής 1

), cf. E.Med. 1166.

2 βλέπειν ὀρθά, opp. being blind, S.OT 419 ;

ὀρθὸν ἀνέβλεψε

recovered his sight,

IG 14.966

(Rome, ii A. D.);

ἐξ ὀμμάτων ὀ.. κἀξ ὀρθῆς φρενός S.OT 528

; ὀρθοῖς ὄμμασιν ib. 1385 ; v. ὄμμα 1.

III metaph.,

1 right, safe, prosperous:

a partly from signf. 1,

τοὺς δὲ τομαῖς ἔστασεν ὀρθούς

set them up, restored,

Pi.P.3.53

; so ὀρθὸν ἀστάσας (= ἀναστήσας) IG42(1).122.52 (Epid., iv B. C.);

ἐς ὀρθὸν ἱστάναι τινά E.Supp. 1230

;

ὀρθὰν φυλάσσειν Τένεδον Pi.N.11.5

; so

στάντες τ' ἐς ὀρθὸν καὶ πεσόντες ὕστερον S.OT50

, cf. Pl.La. 181b ; ταύτης ἔπι (sc. χθονός) πλέοντες ὀρθῆς (the state being represented as a ship) S. Ant. 190 ;

ἐν ὀρθῷ κεῖσθαι Plb.31.7.1

.

b partly from signf. 11, κατ' ὀρθὸν ἐξελθεῖν, of prophecies, S.OT88, cf. OC 1424; κατ' ὀρθὸν οὐρίσαι to speed in prosperous course, Id.OT 695 (lyr.).

2 right, true, correct, ἄγγελος, ἀγγελία, νόος, Pi.O.6.90, P.4.279, 10.68 ;

μάρτυρες A.Eu. 318

(anap.), etc.;

γλῶσσα S.Fr. 351

;

ὀρθᾷ φρενί Pi.O.8.24

; ὄρθ' ἀκούειν to be rightly, truly called, S.OT 903 (lyr.);

κατὰ τὸ ὀ. δικάζειν Hdt. 1.96

;

ὀ. λόγῳ

strictly speaking, in very truth,

Id.2.17

, 6.68, etc.: so in Adv.,

ὀρθῶς λέγειν Id.1.51

;

ὀ. ἔλεξας S.Ph. 341

;

ὀ. φράσαι A.Ch. 526

;

εἴρηκας ὀ. S.El. 1040

;

ὀ. φρονεῖν A.Pr. 1000

, Archyt.1 (so

εἰς ὀρθὸν φ. S. Fr. 612

);

ὀ. γνῶναι Antipho 2.2.8

; ὀ. ἔχει it is right, c. inf., Pl.Euthphr. 9a ;

ὀ. ἐνδίκως τ' ἐπώνυμον A.Th. 405

, cf. 829 (anap.): in answers, rightly, exactly, Pl.Prt. 359e;

ὀ. γε Diph.32.18

: [comp] Sup.,

ὀρθότατα καλεόμενος Hdt.4.59

; so

τὸ ὀρθὸν ἐξείρηκα S.Tr. 374

; φωνεῖν δίκης ἐς ὀρθόν ib. 347 ;

κατ' ὀρθόν Pl.Ti. 44b

.

3 true, real, genuine, ὀ. πολιτεῖαι, opp. παρεκβάσεις, Arist.Pol. 1279a18, etc.; ὀ. μανία real madness, Ael.NA11.32, cf. Theoc.11.11. Adv. - θῶς really, truly,

τοὺς ὀ. φιλομαθεῖς Pl.Phd. 67b

;

ὁ ὀ. κυβερνήτης Id.R. 341c

;

τὸν ὀ. συγγενῆ Diph. 102

.

4 upright, just,

ἐμμένειν ὀ. νόμῳ S.Aj. 350

(lyr.);

τὸ ὀ.

uprightness,

Pl.R. 540d

; ἐπιστήμη ἐνοῦσα καὶ ὀ. λόγος (v. λόγος IV. I) Id.Phd. 73a; ὁ ὀ. λόγος διὰ πάντων ἐρχόμενος (v.

λόγος 111.7

) Chrysipp.Stoic.3.4 ; ὀ. λόγοι virtues on the intellectual side, Phld.Piet.8. Adv.

ὀρθῶς

rightly, justly,

Th.3.56

;

ὀ. καὶ δικαίως Antipho1.10

, IG22.228.14 (iv B. C.), IPE12.32B73 (Olbia, iii B. C.), etc.;

ὀ. καὶ νομίμως Isoc.7.28

.

5 of persons, 'straight', straightforward,

σμικροὶ καὶ οὐκ ὀρθοὶ τὰς ψυχάς Pl. Tht. 173a

.

6 on tiptoe, full of expectation, excited,

ὀρθῆς τῆς πόλεως γενομένης διά τι Isoc.16.7

;

τὴν Ἑλλάδα ὀρθὴν οὖσαν ἐπί τινι Id.5.70

;

ὀ. ἦν ἡ πόλις ἐπὶ τοῖς συμβεβηκόσιν Lycurg.39

, cf. Hyp.Fr.39 ;

ὀ. καὶ μετέωροι ταῖς διανοίαις Plb.28.17.11

;

ὀ. καὶ περίφοβος ἦν ἡ πόλις Id.3.112.6

;

ὀ. διὰ τὸν φόβον D.S.16.84

;

ὀ. καὶ δραστήριος διὰ τὸ θαρρεῖν Plu.Phil.12

.

IV ἡ ὀρθή,

1 (sc. ὁδός) v. supr. 11.1.

2 ὀ. γωνία right angle, Pl.Ti. 55b ; so ὀ. alone, Arist.EN 1098a30, al.; cf. ὄρθιος v. 1 : τέμνειν πρὸς ὀρθάς to cut at right angles, Euc.3.3, al.; εἴ τις δείξειεν ὅτι αἱ ὀρθαὶ οὐ συμπίπτουσι.. that right angles do not meet (short for 'that two straight lines making, with a third, interior angles equal to two right angles, etc.'), Arist.AP0.74a13 ; τὸ δυσὶν ὀρθαῖς the theorem that the angles of a triangle are together equal to two right angles, ib.85b5 ; ὀρθὸς κῶνος, κύλινδρος, a right cone, cylinder, Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.26, 1.11.

3 (with or without πτῶσις) nominative, Lat. casus rectus, opp. the oblique cases, D.T. 636.3, Str.14.2.28, A.D.Pron.39.10, al., S.E.M.1.177.

V ὀρθά active verbs, opp. ὕπτια (passive) and οὐδέτερα (neuter), Chrysipp.Stoic.2.59.

VI ὀ. τόνος real or unmodified (cf. supr. 111.3) accent, opp. ἐγκλινόμενος, A.D.Pron.36.10, al.; so ὀρθὴ τάσις ib.54.8, al. (The gloss of Hsch., βορθ-αγορίσκοι, = ὀ., and the dialect forms of Ὀρθεία (q.v.), suggest that the word orig. had ϝ.)

δίκαιος, αία, ον (s. δικαιοσύνη; Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.)

① pert. to being in accordance with high standards of rectitude, upright, just, fair

ⓐ of humans

α. In Gr-Rom. tradition a δ. pers. is one who upholds the customs and norms of behavior, including esp. public service, that make for a well-ordered, civilized society (Hom, Od. 6, 120f hospitality and fear of God mark an upright pers.; Dem. 3, 21 a δίκαιος πολίτης gives priority to the interest of the state). Such perspective opened a bridge to Greco-Romans for understanding of Jewish/Christian perspectives: e.g. the description of an eccl. overseer (w. σώφρων, ὅσιος) Tit 1:8. Both polytheistic and monotheistic societies closely associated uprightness, with special reference to behavior toward humans (cp. Pla., Rep. 4, 443; Aristot. EN 5, 1, 1129a-1130a), and piety in reference esp. to familial obligations and deity (Augustus enshrined the perspective, taking pride in being awarded a crown for his δικαιοσύνη and εὐσέβεια Res Gestae 34). In keeping with OT tradition, NT writers emphasize a connection between upright conduct and sense of responsibility to God; δ. like צַדִּיק=conforming to the laws of God and people. General definition ὁ ποιῶν τὴν δικαιοσύνην δ. ἐστιν one who does what is right, is righteous 1J 3:7; cp. Rv 22:11.—Ro 5:7. δικαίῳ νόμος οὐ κεῖται law does not apply to an upright person 1 Ti 1:9. οὐκ ἔστιν δίκαιος Ro 3:10 (cp. Eccl 7:20); δ. παρὰ τῷ θεῷ righteous in the sight of God Ro 2:13; δ. ἐναντίον τοῦ θεοῦ (Gen 7:1; Job 32:2) Lk 1:6. W. φοβούμενος τὸν θεόν of Cornelius Ac 10:22. W. εὐλαβής (Pla., Pol. 311ab ἤθη εὐλαβῆ κ. δίκαια, τὸ δικαιον κ. εὐλαβές) Lk 2:25. W. ἀγαθός (Kaibel 648, 10; Jos., Ant. 8, 248; 9, 132 ἀνὴρ ἀγ. κ. δίκ.; s. ἀγαθός 2aα) 23:50; ἀθῷος (Sus 53) 1 Cl 46:4; ὅσιος (En 103:9) 2 Cl 15:3; ταπεινός B 19:6. (ὡς δίκαιον καὶ ἀναμάρτητον Just., D. 47, 5). Serving God w. a pure heart makes one δ. 2 Cl 11:1. Hence the δίκαιοι=the just, the upright in a specif. Israelite-Christian sense Mt 13:43 (cp. Da 12:3 Theod.) Lk 1:17; 1 Pt 3:12 (Ps 33:16); 1 Cl 22:6 (Ps 33:16); 33:7; 45:3f; 48:3 (Ps 117:20); 2 Cl 6:9; 17:7; 20:3f; B 11:7 (Ps 1:5f); MPol 14:1; 17:1; also of those who only appear upright (cp. Pr 21:2) Mt 23:28; Lk 18:9; 20:20; specifically of Christians Mt 10:41; Ac 14:2 D; 1 Pt 4:18 (Pr 11:31); Hv 1, 4, 2. W. apostles MPol 19:2; cp. 1 Cl 5:2. Esp. of the righteous of the OT: πατέρες δ. 1 Cl 30:7. W. prophets Mt 13:17; 23:29 (perh. teachers: DHill, NTS 11, ’64/65, 296–302). Of Abel (Did., Gen. 181, 10) Mt 23:35 (construction with τοῦ αἵματος deserves consideration: GKilpatrick, BT 16, ’65, 119); Hb 11:4; Enoch 1 Cl 9:3; Lot 2 Pt 2:7f (Noah: Just., D. 20, 1; 138, 1; δίκαιοι καὶ πατριάρχαι ibid. 67, 7); John the Baptist (w. ἅγιος) Mk 6:20; δ. τετελειωμένοι just persons made perfect (i.e., who have died) Hb 12:23. Opp. ἄδικοι (Pr 17:15; 29:27; En 99:3; 100:7) Mt 5:45; Ac 24:15; 1 Pt 3:18; ἁμαρτωλοί (Ps 1:5; En 104:6 and 12; PsSol 2:34) Mt 9:13; Mk 2:17; Lk 5:32; 15:7; ἁμαρτωλοί and ἀσεβεῖς (Ps 1:5f) 1 Ti 1:9; 1 Pt 4:18 (Pr 11:31); πονηροί (Pr 11:15) Mt 13:49 (μοχθηροί Tat. 3, 2). W. regard to the Last Judgment, the one who stands the test is δ. righteous Mt 25:37, 46.—Ro 1:17 (s. ζάω 2bβ); Gal 3:11; Hb 10:38 (all three Hab 2:4; cp. Larfeld I 494); Ro 5:19. Resurrection of the just Lk 14:14; prayer Js 5:16; cp. 5:6 (1bβ below). Joseph, who is interested in doing the right thing honorable, just, good (Jos., Ant. 15, 106; Diod S 33, 5, 6 ἀνδρὸς εὐσεβοῦς κ. δικαίου; Conon [I B.C.–I A.D.]: 26 Fgm. 1, 17 Jac.; Galen CMG V/10, 3 p. 33, 13f [XVIII/1 p. 247 K.] ἄνδρες δ.) Mt 1:19 (w. connotation of ‘merciful’ DHill, ET 76, ’65, 133f; s. δικαιοσύνη 3b).

β. of things relating to human beings ἔργα 1J 3:12; αἷμα δ. (Jo 4:19; La 4:13=αἷμα δικαίου Pr 6:17, where αἷ. δίκαιον is a v.l.) blood of an upright, or better, an innocent man Mt 23:35 (s. 1bβ below), and esp. 27:4, where δ. is v.l. for ἀθῷον; AcPl Ha 11, 8; ψυχὴ δ. upright soul (cp. Pr 10:3; s. also GrBar 10:5) 2 Pt 2:8; πνεῦμα δ. upright spirit Hm 5, 2, 7; ἐντολή (w. ἁγία and ἀγαθή) Ro 7:12. κρίσις (Dt 16:18; Is 58:2; 2 Macc 9:18; 3 Macc 2:22; Jos., Ant. 9, 4) J 5:30; 7:24; 8:16 v.l.; 2 Th 1:5; B 20:2. Pl. Rv 16:7; 19:2. φύσει δικαίᾳ by an upright nature IEph 1:1 (Hdb. ad loc.; Orig., C. Cels. 5, 24, 8); ὁδὸς δ. (Vi. Aesopi I G 85 P. of the ‘right way’) 2 Cl 5:7; B 12:4; pl. Rv 15:3.

ⓑ of transcendent beings. Because of their privileged status as authority figures, the idea of fairness or equity is associated w. such entities (for δ. in the sense of ‘equitable’ in a very explicit form s. Strabo 4, 18, 7).

α. God (NRhizos, Καππαδοκικά 1856, p. 113: it is gener. assumed that deities are just or fair, but the attribute is esp. affirmed in an ins fr. Tyana Θεῷ δικαίῳ Μίθρᾳ.—JMordtmann, MAI 10, 1885, 11–14 has several exx. of ὅσιος κ. δίκαιος as adj. applied to gods in west Asia Minor.—δικ. of Isis: PRoussel, Les cultes égypt. à Delos 1916, p. 276.—Oft. in OT; Jos., Bell. 7, 323, Ant. 11, 55 [w. ἀληθινός]; Just., A II, 12, 6, D. 23, 2) just, righteous w. ref. to God’s judgment of people and nations κριτὴς δ. a righteous judge (Ps 7:12; 2 Macc 12:6; PsSol 9:2; cp. the description of Rhadamanthys, Pind., O. 2, 69) 2 Ti 4:8; δ. ἐν τοῖς κρίμασιν 1 Cl 27:1; 60:1; cp. 56:5 (Ps 140:5); πατὴρ δ. J 17:25; cp. Ro 3:26; 1J 2:29; cp. 3:7; ὁ θεὸς ὁ παντοκράτωρ δ. AcPlCor 2:12. W. ὅσιος (Ps 144:17; Dt 32:4) Rv 16:5. W. πιστός 1J 1:9.

β. of Jesus who, as the ideal of an upright pers. is called simply ὁ δ. the upright one (HDechent, D. ‘Gerechte’, Eine Bezeichnung für d. Messias: StKr 100, 1928, 439–43) Ac 7:52; 22:14; Mt 27:19, cp. 24 v.l.; 1J 2:1; 3:7b; Lk 23:47 (for Gr-Rom. associations in favor of upright, esp. in Lk 23:47 s. Danker, Benefactor ’82, 345f. GKilpatrick, JTS 42, ’41, 34–36, prefers innocent, so also Goodsp., Probs. 90f, but against this interp. s. RHanson, Hermathena 60, ’42, 74–78; RKarris, JBL 105, ’86, 65–74). W. ἅγιος Ac 3:14. On the qu. whether Js 5:6 applies to Jesus, s. KAland, TLZ ’44, 103 and MDibelius, Commentary (Hermeneia), ad loc. (but s. Greeven’s note in this comm. p. 240, 58: ‘perhaps a veiled, melancholy allusion to the death of James’).—Also of angels Hs 6, 3, 2.

② The neuter denotes that which is obligatory in view of certain requirements of justice, right, fair, equitable (Dio Chrys. 67 [17], 12; Jos., Ant. 15, 376; cp. Strabo 4, 18, 7; s. Larfeld I 494) δ. παρὰ θεῷ it is right in the sight of God 2 Th 1:6. Also δ. ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ Ac 4:19; δ. καὶ ὅσιον it is right and holy 1 Cl 14:1, pl. Phil 4:8; δ. ἐστιν it is right Eph 6:1; w. inf. foll. Phil 1:7; 1 Cl 21:4 (cp. Hyperid. 6, 14; PSI 442, 14 [III B.C.] οὐ δίκαιόν ἐστι οὕτως εἶναι; Sir 10:23; 2 Macc 9:12; 4 Macc 6:34); δ. ἡγοῦμαι I consider it right (Diod S 12, 45, 1 δ. ἡγοῦντο) 2 Pt 1:13; τὸ δ. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 97 §409 τὸ δ.=the just cause; Arrian, Anab. 3, 27, 5; Polyb.; IMagnMai; SEG XLI, 625, 5; pap; 2 Macc 4:34; 10:12; 3 Macc 2:25; EpArist; Jos., Bell. 4, 340 Ant. 16, 158; το νῦν δ. Tat. 1, 3) what is right Lk 12:57. τὸ δ. παρέχεσθαι give what is right Col 4:1. ὸ̔ ἐὰν ᾖ δ. δώσω ὑμῖν whatever is right I will give you Mt 20:4 (Diod S 5, 71, 1 τὸ δίκαιον άλλήλοις διδόναι; 8, 25, 4). Abstract for concrete (Philipp. [=Demosth. 12] 23 μετὰ τοῦ δ.; Dio Chrys. 52 [69], 6 ἄνευ νόμου κ. δικαίου; Ael. Aristid, 46 p. 302 D.) τὸ δίκαιον ὀρθὴν ὁδὸν ἔχει uprightness goes the straight way Hm 6, 1, 2. Pl. (Diod S 15, 11, 1; 19, 85, 3; Appian, Samn. 11 §4 al.; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 30, 1; Jos., Ant. 19, 288; SibOr 3, 257; Just., A I, 68, 3 δ. ἀξιοῦν; D. 28, 4 φυλάσσει τὰ αἰώνια δ.) δίκαια βουλεύεσθαι have upright thoughts Hv 1, 1, 8 (cp. λαλεῖν Is 59:4; ἐκζητήσεται 1 Macc 7:12; κρίνειν Ar. 15, 4; Just., A II, 15, 5).—B. 1180. DELG s.v. δίκη. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

ἀ̱ντιτορήσω, ἀντιτορέω

bore right through: aor ind mid 2nd sg (doric aeolic)

ἀντιτορέω

bore right through: aor subj act 1st sg

ἀντιτορέω

bore right through: fut ind act 1st sg

ἀ̱ντιτορήσω, ἀντιτορέω

bore right through: futperf ind act 1st sg (doric aeolic)

ἀντιτορέω

bore right through: aor subj act 1st sg

ἀντιτορέω

bore right through: fut ind act 1st sg

ἀντιτορέω

bore right through: aor ind mid 2nd sg (homeric ionic)

ἀντιτορέω

bore right through: aor ind mid 2nd sg (homeric ionic)

ἀ̱ντιτορήσω, ἀντιτορέω

bore right through: aor ind mid 2nd sg (doric aeolic)

ἀντιτορέω

bore right through: aor subj act 1st sg

ἀντιτορέω

bore right through: fut ind act 1st sg

ἀ̱ντιτορήσω, ἀντιτορέω

bore right through: futperf ind act 1st sg (doric aeolic)

ἀντιτορέω

bore right through: aor subj act 1st sg

ἀντιτορέω

bore right through: fut ind act 1st sg

ἀντιτορέω

bore right through: aor ind mid 2nd sg (homeric ionic)

ἀντιτορέω

bore right through: aor ind mid 2nd sg (homeric ionic)

δεξιά̱, δεξιά

right hand: fem nom /voc /acc dual (ionic)

δεξιά̱, δεξιά

right hand: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric ionic aeolic)

δεξιαί, δεξιά

right hand: fem nom /voc pl (ionic)

δεξιά, δεξιός

on the right hand: neut nom /voc /acc pl

δεξιά̱, δεξιός

on the right hand: fem nom /voc /acc dual

δεξιά̱, δεξιός

on the right hand: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)

δεξιέ, δεξιός

on the right hand: masc voc sg

δεξιαί, δεξιός

on the right hand: fem nom /voc pl

δεξιά̱, δεξιά

right hand: fem nom /voc /acc dual (ionic)

δεξιά̱, δεξιά

right hand: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric ionic aeolic)

δεξιαί, δεξιά

right hand: fem nom /voc pl (ionic)

δεξιά, δεξιός

on the right hand: neut nom /voc /acc pl

δεξιά̱, δεξιός

on the right hand: fem nom /voc /acc dual

δεξιά̱, δεξιός

on the right hand: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)

δεξιέ, δεξιός

on the right hand: masc voc sg

δεξιαί, δεξιός

on the right hand: fem nom /voc pl

ἐνδικώτατα, ἔνδικος

according to right: adverbial superl

ἐνδικώτατα, ἔνδικος

according to right: neut nom /voc /acc superl pl

ἐνδικώτατα, ἔνδικος

according to right: adverbial superl

ἐνδικώτατα, ἔνδικος

according to right: neut nom /voc /acc superl pl

ἐνδικώτατε, ἔνδικος

according to right: masc voc superl sg

ἐνδικώτατε, ἔνδικος

according to right: masc voc superl sg

ἐνδικώταται, ἔνδικος

according to right: fem nom /voc superl pl

ἐνδικώταται, ἔνδικος

according to right: fem nom /voc superl pl

ἐνδικώτατα, ἔνδικος

according to right: adverbial superl

ἐνδικώτατα, ἔνδικος

according to right: neut nom /voc /acc superl pl

ἐνδικώτατα, ἔνδικος

according to right: adverbial superl

ἐνδικώτατα, ἔνδικος

according to right: neut nom /voc /acc superl pl

ἐνδικώτατε, ἔνδικος

according to right: masc voc superl sg

ἐνδικώτατε, ἔνδικος

according to right: masc voc superl sg

ἐνδικώταται, ἔνδικος

according to right: fem nom /voc superl pl

ἐνδικώταται, ἔνδικος

according to right: fem nom /voc superl pl

ἐπαξιόω

think right: pres part act masc voc sg (doric aeolic)

ἐπαξιόω

think right: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg (doric aeolic)

ἐπαξιόω

think right: pres part act masc nom sg

ἐπαξιόω

think right: pres inf act (doric)

ἐπαξιόω

think right: pres part act masc voc sg (doric aeolic)

ἐπαξιόω

think right: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg (doric aeolic)

ἐπαξιόω

think right: pres part act masc nom sg

ἐπαξιόω

think right: pres inf act (doric)

ἐπαξιόω

think right: pres part act masc voc sg (doric aeolic)

ἐπαξιόω

think right: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg (doric aeolic)

ἐπαξιόω

think right: pres part act masc nom sg

ἐπαξιόω

think right: pres inf act (doric)

ἐπαξιόω

think right: pres part act masc voc sg (doric aeolic)

ἐπαξιόω

think right: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg (doric aeolic)

ἐπαξιόω

think right: pres part act masc nom sg

ἐπαξιόω

think right: pres inf act (doric)

περάω 1

drive right through: pres subj mp 2nd sg (doric)

περάω 1

drive right through: pres ind mp 2nd sg (doric)

περάω 1

drive right through: pres subj act 3rd sg (doric)

περάω 1

drive right through: pres ind act 3rd sg (doric)

περάω 1

drive right through: pres subj mp 2nd sg (epic ionic)

περάω 1

drive right through: pres ind mp 2nd sg (epic ionic)

περάω 1

drive right through: pres subj act 3rd sg (epic ionic)

περάω 2

fut ind mid 2nd sg (doric)

περάω 2

fut ind act 3rd sg (doric)

περάω 2

pres subj mp 2nd sg (doric)

περάω 2

pres ind mp 2nd sg (doric)

περάω 2

pres subj act 3rd sg (doric)

περάω 2

pres ind act 3rd sg (doric)

περίειμι 1

to be around: pres subj act 3rd sg

περάω 1

drive right through: pres subj mp 2nd sg (doric)

περάω 1

drive right through: pres ind mp 2nd sg (doric)

περάω 1

drive right through: pres subj act 3rd sg (doric)

περάω 1

drive right through: pres ind act 3rd sg (doric)

περάω 1

drive right through: pres subj mp 2nd sg (epic ionic)

περάω 1

drive right through: pres ind mp 2nd sg (epic ionic)

περάω 1

drive right through: pres subj act 3rd sg (epic ionic)

περάω 2

fut ind mid 2nd sg (doric)

περάω 2

fut ind act 3rd sg (doric)

περάω 2

pres subj mp 2nd sg (doric)

περάω 2

pres ind mp 2nd sg (doric)

περάω 2

pres subj act 3rd sg (doric)

περάω 2

pres ind act 3rd sg (doric)

περίειμι 1

to be around: pres subj act 3rd sg

πέρατα, πέρας

end: neut nom /voc /acc pl

πέρατι, πέρας

end: neut dat sg

πέρατε, πέρας

end: neut nom /voc /acc dual

πέρατα, πέρατος

neut nom /voc /acc pl

πέρατε, πέρατος

masc voc sg

πέραται, πέρατος

fem nom /voc pl

πέραται, περάτη

farthest quarter: fem nom /voc pl

πέρᾱτι, περάω 1

drive right through: pres ind act 3rd sg (attic doric)

πέρᾱτε, περάω 1

drive right through: pres imperat act 2nd pl (attic)

πέρᾱτε, περάω 1

drive right through: pres ind act 2nd pl (attic)

πέρᾱται, περάω 1

drive right through: pres ind mp 3rd sg (attic)

πέρᾱθι, περάω 1

drive right through: pres imperat act 2nd sg (attic)

πέρᾱτο, περάω 1

drive right through: imperf ind mp 3rd sg (attic)

πέρᾱτε, περάω 1

drive right through: imperf ind act 2nd pl (attic)

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `right measure, (right, just, decisive) point of time, (favorable) opportunity, time of the year, time' (Hes.; cf. καίριος below).

Compounds: Compp., e. g. καιρο-φυλακέω `guardian at the right time, guard (at the right time)' (D., Arist.), ἄ-, εὔ-καιρος with ἀ-, εὑ-καιρία, - έω a. o.

Derivatives: - καίριος `coming at the right place, decisive, deadly' (Il.); `coming at the right time, convenient'; καιρικός `at the right time, belonging to certain times', καίριμος `deadly' (Macho ap. Ath. 13, 581b; not quite certain), `matured', of wine ( PFlor. 143, 2; III^p), after ὥριμος (Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 55 u. 59).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Uncertain. Several proposals: to κείρω as `decisive moment' or `(a certain) time', cf. Lat. discrīmen (Persson Stud. 107, Brugmann Sächs. Ber. 1900, 410 n. 1); to κεράννυμι `mix' (Brugmann IF 17, 363f.; morphologically complicated; similar Benveniste Mélanges Ernout 11ff.: prop. "atmospherical mix"); to κύρω `meet, meet accidentally' (Bq 538 A. 1; phonetically difficult); to Skt. kālá- `time' (Güntert Weltkönig 232; phonetically impossible, see Mayrhofer KEWA s. v.). Cf. W.-Hofmann s. cernō (1, 206) and 1. tempus (2, 661). - On the meaning of καιρός s. H. Wersdörfer Die Φιλοσοφία des Isokrates (1940) 54ff., Fr. Pfister Festgabe für E. Bulle (Würzb. Stud. z. alttest. Wiss. 13 [1938]) 131ff.

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ἐξουσία, ας, ἡ (Soph., Thu.+; ins, pap, LXX, En, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., Just.; Tat. 30, 1; Mel., P. 104, 810 [Bodm.]) from ἔξεστιν.

① a state of control over someth., freedom of choice, right (e.g., the ‘right’ to act, decide, or dispose of one’s property as one wishes: BGU 1158, 13 [9 B.C.] = Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 234, 13 legal t.t., esp. in wills: POxy 272, 13; BGU 183, 25 ἔχειν αὐτὴν τὴν ἐ. τῶν ἰδίων πάντων; PTebt 319, 21.—Sir 30:11) ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν have the right 2 Th 3:9 (Just., D 16, 4). W. inf. foll. (Teles p. 23, 14; 24, 11; Tob 2:13 S; 7:10 S) J 10:18; 1 Cor 9:4ff; Hb 13:10; Rv 13:5; B 4:2. W. obj. gen. foll. (τίς οὖν ἔτι ἔχει μου ἐξουσίαν; Epict. 3, 24, 70; διδόναι ἐξουσίαν τῶν πετεινῶν Did., Gen. 61, 24) εἰ ἄλλοι τῆς ὑμῶν ἐ. μετέχουσι 1 Cor 9:12. Also ἐ. ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς the right to the tree of life Rv 22:14. W. verbs of two constr. ἔχει ἐ. ὁ κεραμεὺς τοῦ πηλοῦ ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ φυράματος the potter has a right over the clay, to make fr. the same lump Ro 9:21. ἐ. ἔχειν περί τινος (4 Macc 4:5) be at liberty w. regard to a thing (opp. ἀνάγκην ἔχειν) 1 Cor 7:37; cp. 8:9; ἐ. ἐν τ. εὐαγγελίῳ a right in the gospel 9:18. ἐν τῇ σῇ ἐ. ὑπῆρχεν was at your disposal Ac 5:4 (Esth 4:17b; Appian, Liby. 52 §226 ἐν ἐ. εἶναι τί τινι=someth. is at someone’s disposal, is within one’s power).

② potential or resource to command, control, or govern, capability, might, power (on capacity for someth. cp. Did., Gen. 162, 5: ἡ προσαιρέσεως ἐξουσία; cp. 1 Esdr 4:28, 40; 2 Macc 7:16 the king can do what he pleases because he has the capability for doing so) ἡ ἐ. τ. ἵππων ἐν τ. στόματι αὐτῶν ἐστιν Rv 9:19; cp. vs. 3; 13:2, 4; 18:1; Mt 9:8; Ac 8:19. W. inf. foll. to indicate the thing that one is able to do (En 25:4 ἅψασθαι; Diod S 4, 52, 4 ἀμύνασθαι εἶχεν ἐξουσίαν; Mel., P. 104 πάντα κρίνει); ἐκβάλλειν τ. δαιμόνια [b]Mk 3:15. ἐμβαλεῖν εἰς τ. γέενναν Lk 12:5; cp. J 1:12; 7:1 v.l.; Rv 9:10; 11:6. W. gen. of the inf. foll. τοῦ πατεῖν ἐπάνω ὄφεων Lk 10:19; ποιεῖν ἐ. exercise power Rv 13:12. ἐ. ἔχειν τινός have power over someone (Epict. 4, 12, 8) GPt 3:7; ἑαυτοῦ IPol 7:3; also ἐ. ἔχειν ἐπί τινος Rv 20:6; cp. AcPl Ha 1, 3. Esp. of God’s power (Theodor. Prodr. 5, 313 ἡ θεῶν ἐ.; Da 4:17; Jos., Ant. 5, 109; 18, 214) Lk 12:5 (cp. 2 Cl 5:4); Ac 1:7; Jd 25; Hs 9, 23, 4. πάντων τ. ἐξουσίαν power over all Hm 4, 1, 11; Hs 9, 28, 8. πᾶσα ἡ ἐ. 5, 7, 3 (En 9:5). τὴν κατὰ πάντων ἐ. MPol. 2:1. τέλους ἐ. power over the end PtK 2 p. 13, 22. ἐ. ἐπὶ τ. πληγάς control over the plagues Rv 16:9. Also of Satan’s power Ac 26:18; ending of Mk in the Freer ms.; B 2:1.—The power that comes fr. God can involve transcendent knowledge, and both may be expressed by ἐ. (Herm. Wr. 1, 13; 14; 32). So his hearers conclude fr. Jesus’ teaching that he must have ἐ. (i.e. it is not necessary for him to first ask what the traditional practice or interpretation requires) Mk 1:22 (‘license’ of a Jewish teacher L-S-J-M Suppl., ’68; against this AArgyle, ET 80, ’68/69, 343); cp. Mt 7:29 (Rtzst., Poim. 48, 3, Mysterienrel.³ 302; 363; JStarr, HTR 23, 1930, 302–5; HWindisch, Pls. u. Christus ’34, 151ff; DDaube, JTS 39, ’38, 45–59; HFlowers, ET 66, ’55, 254 [‘like a king’]; DHudson, ET 67, ’55/56, 17; JCoutts, JTS 8, ’57, 111–18 [Jesus and the 12]). The prep. expr. κατʼ ἐξουσίαν in accordance w. knowledge and power Mk 1:27 and ἐν ἐ. Lk 4:32 belong to this classification; cp. 4:36. The close relation of ἐ. w. ‘gnosis’ and teaching also B 18:1.—But it is not always possible to draw a hard and fast line betw. this sense and

③ the right to control or command, authority, absolute power, warrant (Sextus 36: the πιστός has ἐ. fr. God) ἐ. καὶ ἐπιτροπή (cp. Ps.-Pla., Defin. p. 415c ἐξουσία, ἐπιτροπὴ νόμου) authority and commission Ac 26:12. ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιεῖς; by whose authority are you doing this? Mt 21:23, 24, 27; Mk 11:28, 29, 33; Lk 20:2, 8. ἐ. διδόναι τινί put someone in charge (Diod S 13, 36, 2; 14, 81, 6; cp. Vi. Aesopi G 11 p. 39, 6 P.; En 9:7; TestJob 3:6; Jos., Ant. 2, 90; 20, 193) Mk 13:34; PtK 2 p. 14, 13. οἷς ἔδωκεν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τὴν ἐ. to whom he gave rights over the Gospel (for its proclamation) B 8:3. ὅτι τὸ ἄρχειν ἐξουσίας ἐστίν that ruling depends on authority 6:18. Of apostolic authority 2 Cor 10:8; 13:10; ISm 4:1. Of Jesus’ total authority Mt 28:18 (cp. Herm. Wr. 1, 32; Da 7:14; DStanley, CBQ 29, ’67, 555–73); Hs 5, 6, 1. W. gen. of the one who has authority ἐ. τοῦ Χριστοῦ Rv 12:10 (Just., A I, 40, 7). W. gen. of that over which the authority is exercised (Diod S 2, 27, 3; IDefixWünsch 4, 21; Ps 135:8, 9; Wsd 10:14; Sir 17:2; Jos., Vi. 190) ἐ. πνευμάτων ἀκαθάρτων over the unclean spirits Mt 10:1; Mk 6:7; cp. J 17:2; Hm 4, 3, 5; PtK 2 p. 14, 13; 1 Cl 61:2; ISm 4:1; τούτου τοῦ λαοῦ Hs 8, 3, 3. Also ἐπί w. acc. (cp. Sir 33:20) Lk 9:1; cp. Rv 6:8; 13:7. Likew. ἐπί w. gen. (cp. Da 3:97) Rv 2:26; 11:6b; 14:18. παρά τινος (also ἀπό τινος Orig., C. Cels. 2, 13, 56) indicates the source of the authority (s. παρά A3b) Ac 9:14; 26:10; Hs 5, 6, 4 (restored from the Lat.; ἐ. λαμβάνειν as Diod S 11, 42, 6; TestJob 8:2f; 16:4; Vi. Aesopi G 11 p. 39, 4 P.) and κατά τινος the one against whom it is directed (TestJob 16:2 κατʼ ἐμοῦ; 8:2 κατὰ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων μου ‘over my possessions’; Sb 8316, 6f κύριε Σάραπι δὸς αὐτῷ κατεξουσίαν κατὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν αὐτοῦ; Orig., C. Cels. 7, 43, 25) J 19:11 (HvCampenhausen, TLZ 73, ’48, 387–92); B 4:13. W. pres. inf. foll. (cp. X., Mem. 2, 6, 24 and 35; Diod S 12, 75, 4; 1 Macc 10:35; 11:58; Jos., Ant. 4, 247) Mt 9:6; Mk 2:10; Lk 5:24; J 5:27. W. aor. inf. foll. (Jdth 8:15; 1 Esdr 8:22; 1 Macc 1:13) 19:10. Foll. by gen. of the pres. inf. (4 Macc 5:15) Hm 12, 4, 2.—RDillon, ‘As One Having Authority’ (Mark 1:22): CBQ 57, ’95, 92–113.

④ power exercised by rulers or others in high position by virtue of their office, ruling power, official power (Ps.-Pla., Alc. 1, 135b al.; LXX; Jos., Bell. 2, 140, Vi. 80) ἐ. ὡς βασιλεύς Rv 17:12f (Diod S 2, 45, 1 βασιλικὴν ἐ. ἔχειν; 14, 32, 5 ἐ. λαμβάνειν); ἐ. τοῦ ἡγεμόνος Lk 20:20; cp. J 19:10f, s. 3 above. ἐ. ἐπάνω δέκα πόλεων Lk 19:17. ἄνθρωπος ὑπὸ ἐξουσίαν τασσόμενος a man under authority 7:8 (MFrost, ET 45, ’34, 477f); cp. Mt 8:9; Hs 1:3.—The power of a particular office (Diod S 1, 70, 1; 14, 113, 6 ἡ ὑπατικὴ ἐξουσία; Plut., Mar. 406 [2, 1], Caes. 734 [58, 1]) ἐπαρχικὴ ἐ. the power of prefect Phlm subscr.

⑤ bearer of ruling authority

ⓐ human authorities, officials, government (Dionys. Hal. 8, 44; 11, 32; POxy 261, 15) Lk 12:11 (here and elsewh. in NT w. ἀρχή, as also in Pla.); Ro 13:1, 2, 3 (with 13:1b cp. the express. ‘ancient saying’ [s. Hes., Theogony 96 ἐκ δὲ Διὸς βασιλῆες. On this HFränkel, Dichtung u. Philos. des frühen Griechentums ’62, 111 n. 6] in Artem. 2, 36 p. 135, 24; 2, 69 p. 161, 17 τὸ κρατοῦν δύναμιν ἔχει θεοῦ=the ruling power has its authority from God; Wsd 6:3; Jos., Bell. 2, 140 οὐ δίχα θεοῦ περιγενέσθαι τινὶ τὸ ἄρχειν … ἐξουσίαν); Tit 3:1. For the view that the ἐ. of Ro 13 are spirit powers, as b below, s. OCullmann, Christ and Time (tr. Filson) ’50, 191–210.—On the subj. in gener. s. LGaugusch, D. Staatslehre d. Ap. Pls nach Ro 13: ThGl 5, ’34, 529–50; JUitman, Onder Eig. Vaandel 15, ’40, 102–21; HvCampenhausen, ABertholet Festschr. ’50, 97–113; OCullmann, Zur neuesten Diskussion über die ἐξουσίαι in Rö 13:1: TZ 10, ’54, 321–36, D. Staat im NT ’61² (Eng. tr.: The State in the NT ’56, 93–114); against him AStrobel, ZNW 47, ’56, 67–93.—GCaird, Princip. and Powers ’56; RMorgenthaler TZ 12, ’56, 289–304; CMorrison, The Powers That Be ’60; EBarnikol, Rö 13. Der nichtpaulinische Ursprung der absoluten Obrigkeitsbejahung v. Rö 13:1–7 ’61, 65–133; HSchlier, Principalities and Powers in the NT ’61 (Eng. tr.); MBorg, NTS 19, ’72/73, 205–18. οἱ ἐπʼ ἐξουσίαν ἀχθέντες those who are brought before the authorities Hs 9, 28, 4.

ⓑ of transcendent rulers and functionaries: powers of the spirit world (TestLevi 3:8; TestSol 20:15 B), sg. (w. ἀρχή and δύναμις) 1 Cor 15:24; Eph 1:21; Col 2:10. Pl. (w. ἀρχαί as Just., D. 41, 1; cp. Orig., C. Cels. 4, 29, 22) Eph 3:10; 6:12; Col 1:16; 2:15; (w. ἄγγελοι, δυνάμεις) 1 Pt 3:22. Cp. the v.l. for ἄρχειν Papias (4).

⑥ the sphere in which power is exercised, domain (4 Km 20:13; Ps 113:2) Lk 4:6. ἐκ τ. ἐξουσίας Ἡρῴδου ἐστίν he comes fr. Herod’s jurisdiction 23:7. ἐ. τοῦ σκότους domain of darkness 22:53; Col 1:13 (opp. the βασιλεία of Christ). Hence ἐ. τοῦ ἀέρος simply domain of the air Eph 2:2; s. ἀήρ 2b.

⑦ Various opinions are held about the mng. of 1 Cor 11:10 ὀφείλει ἡ γυνὴ ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς διὰ τοὺς ἀγγέλους. Many now understand it as a means of exercising power (cp. δύναμις 1b.—It is abstract for concrete, as βασιλεία [1] in Diod S 1, 47, 5: a stone figure ἔχουσα τρεῖς βασιλείας ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς=that wears three symbols of royal power [diadems] on its head), that is to say, the veil (κάλυμμα is v.l. for ἐ. here; s. critical apparatus in N.) by which women at prayer (when they draw near to the heavenly realm) protect themselves fr. the amorous glances of certain angels. But the veil may also have been simply a symbol of womanly dignity, esp. befitting a Christian woman, and esp. in the presence of holy angels (s. Cadbury below).—WWeber, ZWT 46, 1903, 487–99; Dibelius, Geisterwelt 12–23 al.; EFehrle, Die kultische Keuschheit im Altertum1910, 39; RPerdelwitz, StKr 86, 1913, 611–13; LBrun, ZNW 14, 1913, 298–308; GKittel, Rabbinica 1920, 17ff; Billerb. III 423–35; KBornhäuser, NKZ 41, 1930, 475–88; WFoerster, ZNW 30, ’31, 185f; MGinsburger, RHPR 12, ’32, 245–47; OMotta, ET 44, ’33, 139–41; CSpicq, RB 48, ’39, 557–62; EBlakeney, ET 55, ’44, 138; SLösch, TQ 127, ’47, 216–61; JFitzmyer, NTS 3, ’57, 48–58; HCadbury, HTR 51, ’58, 1f (Qumran parallels); MHooker, NTS 10, ’64, 410–16; AIsaksson, Marriage and Ministry in the NT ’65, 176–81; GSchwartz, ZNW 70, ’79, 249 (Aramaic background).—LCerfaux et JTondriau, Un Concurrent du Christianisme, ’57. S. on ἄγγελος 2c.—V.l. for ἄρχειν Papias (4).—DELG s.v. εἰμί. New Docs 2, 83f. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

ἀντιπερά̱σῃ, ἀντί, περί-ἄω 3

satiate: aor subj act 3rd sg (epic doric aeolic)

ἀντιπερά̱σῃ, ἀντί, περί-ἄω 3

satiate: fut ind mid 2nd sg

ἀντιπερά̱σῃ, ἀντί, περί-ἥδομαι

swad-

aor subj mid 2nd sg (doric)

ἀντιπερά̱σῃ, ἀντί-περάω 1

drive right through: aor subj mid 2nd sg (attic)

ἀντιπερά̱σῃ, ἀντί-περάω 1

drive right through: aor subj act 3rd sg (attic)

ἀντιπερά̱σῃ, ἀντί-περάω 1

drive right through: aor subj mid 2nd sg (doric aeolic)

ἀντιπερά̱σῃ, ἀντί-περάω 1

drive right through: aor subj act 3rd sg (doric aeolic)

ἀντιπερά̱σῃ, ἀντί-περάω 1

drive right through: fut ind mid 2nd sg (attic)

ἀντιπερά̱σῃ, ἀντί-περάω 1

drive right through: fut ind mid 2nd sg (doric aeolic)

ἀντί-περάω 2

aor subj mid 2nd sg

ἀντί-περάω 2

aor subj act 3rd sg

ἀντί-περάω 2

fut ind mid 2nd sg

ἀντιπερά̱σῃ, ἀντί, περί-ἄω 3

satiate: aor subj act 3rd sg (epic doric aeolic)

ἀντιπερά̱σῃ, ἀντί, περί-ἄω 3

satiate: fut ind mid 2nd sg

ἀντιπερά̱σῃ, ἀντί, περί-ἥδομαι

swad-

aor subj mid 2nd sg (doric)

ἀντιπερά̱σῃ, ἀντί-περάω 1

drive right through: aor subj mid 2nd sg (attic)

ἀντιπερά̱σῃ, ἀντί-περάω 1

drive right through: aor subj act 3rd sg (attic)

ἀντιπερά̱σῃ, ἀντί-περάω 1

drive right through: aor subj mid 2nd sg (doric aeolic)

ἀντιπερά̱σῃ, ἀντί-περάω 1

drive right through: aor subj act 3rd sg (doric aeolic)

ἀντιπερά̱σῃ, ἀντί-περάω 1

drive right through: fut ind mid 2nd sg (attic)

ἀντιπερά̱σῃ, ἀντί-περάω 1

drive right through: fut ind mid 2nd sg (doric aeolic)

ἀντί-περάω 2

aor subj mid 2nd sg

ἀντί-περάω 2

aor subj act 3rd sg

ἀντί-περάω 2

fut ind mid 2nd sg