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1 πέτομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to fly' (Il.).Other forms: Aor. πτάσθαι, πτέσθαι (all Il.); to this pres. πέταμαι (poet. since Sapph., Arist.) with aor. πετασθῆναι (Arist., LXX), ἴπταμαι (late; s. v.); aor. act. πτῆναι, ptc. πτάς etc. (poet. Hes., also hell. prose); fut. πτήσομαι (IA.), πετήσομαι (Ar.), perf. κατ-έπτηκα (Men.).Compounds: Very often w. prefix, e.g. ἀνα-, ἀπο-, δια-, εἰσ-, ἐκ-, κατα-, ὑπερ-. Compounds: a. - πέτης, Dor. - πέτας m.., e.g. ὑψι-πέτης, - ας m. `flying high' (Hom., Pi.), enlarged - ήεις (Hom.); b. - πετής, e.g. ὑπερπετ-ής `flying over' (hell.); c. ἐκπετ-ήσιμος `ready to fly' (Ar. a.o.; hypothesis on the formation in Arbenz 60); d. ἀερσι-πότης and - πότη-τος `flying high' (Hes., AP, Norm.); in spite of Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 95 rather to ποτάομαι as from ποτή.Derivatives: 1. ποτή f. `flying, flight' (ε 337, h. Merc. 544 [v. l. πτερύγεσσι]); 2. πτῆσις f. `id.' (A., Arist.) with πτήσιμος (Jul.; Arbenz 61); πτῆμα n. `id.' (Suid.). 3. Adj. w. νο-suffix: a. πτηνός, Dor. πτᾱνός `winged, fledged' (Pi., trag., Pl.); b. πετεινός, - ηνός `id.' (Thgn.; Πετήνη Att. shipsname [inscr.]), hardly from *πέτος (cf. Chantraine Form. 196, Benveniste Origines 14), but rather direct from πέτομαι after φαεινός, ὀρεινός a.o.; πετηνός after πτηνός?; c. πετε-ηνός, - εινός `id.' (Il.), w. diektasis (Risch $ 35 d); d. ποτᾱνός `id.' (Pi., Epich., trag. in lyr.; - ηνός ep. poetry in Pl. Phdr. 252 b), prob. rather after ποτάομαι as with Detschew KZ 63, 228 from the rare ποτή. -- 4. Deverbat.: ποτάομαι, - έομαι, also w. ἀμφι-, περι-, ἐκ- a.o., `to fly, to flap' (Il.); πωτάομαι, also w. ἐκ-, ἐπι-, ὑπερ-, `id.' (Μ 287, h. Ap. 442 a.o.; cf. Schwyzer 719 n. 3); to this πωτήεις `flapping' (Nonn.), also πωτήματα pl. `flight' (A. Eu. 250; usu. with Dindorf corrected in ποτ-). -- On πτερόν, πτέρυξ s. vv.Etymology: Beside the thematic πέτ-ο-μαι, πτ-έ-σθαι stands the athematic zero grade root-aorist πτά-σθαι, ἔ-πτα-το, πτά-μενος wie φθά-μενος ( φθί-μενος, φθί-σθαι, ἔ-φθι-το). The corresponding full grade in πτῆ-ναι, ἔ-πτᾱ-ν, πτή-σομαι can be old (s. however below). More doubtful is the originality of the disyll. πέτα-μαι, as analogy to πτά-σθαι after πτέ-σθαι: πέτο-μαι may be considered. Certain innovations are ἴπταμαι (after ἵσταμαι) and πετή-σομαι (after πέτομαι). Details w. lit. in Schwyzer 742 a. 681 w. n. 9. -- With πέτομαι agree formally, partly also semantically, Skt., OIr., Lat. a. Celt. forms, e.g. Skt. pátati, Av. pataiti `fly, fall, attack, hurry etc.', Lat. petō `move somewhere, hurry, look for, desire', OWelsh hedant `volant'; doubtful on the contrary the in any case diff. built Hitt. piddāi- (pittii̯ami, pittāizzi usw.) `run, hurry, flee'. Thus ποτέομαι and Skt. patáyati `fly, hurry' agree; however πωτάομαι is independent of Skt. pātáyati `let fall, throw down'. Further the Greek a. Skt. systems are apart. Beside the zero grade thematic Aorist πτ-έσθαι, ἐ-πτ-όμην stands in Skt. an also zero grade and thematic but reduplicated aor. a-pa-pt-at. The zero grade πτᾰ- in πτά-σθαι is found in forms like pa-pti-ma (pf. 1. pl.) (IE pth₂-); the corresponding full grade ptā- is however not represented in Skt. (so πτῆ-ναι analogical after φθῆ-ναι, στῆ-ναι a.o.?, Schwyzer 742). Thus the disyll. πετᾰ- in πέτα-μαι and pati- (e.g. fut. pati-ṣyáti) go without historical connection side by side. -- Further forms w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 19ff., Pok. 825f., W.-Hofmann s. petō. Cf. πίπτω, not πίτυλος.Page in Frisk: 2,521-522Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πέτομαι
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2 ἐρείπω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `throw down, tear down, dash down, fall' (Il.).Other forms: Aor. ἐριπεῖν (Il., intr.), ἐρεῖψαι (Hdt., Pi.), ἐριπέντι ptz. dat. = ἐριπόντι (Pi. O. 2, 43), pass. ἐρειφθείς (S. Aj. 309), perf. ἐρήριπε (Ξ 55, intr.), plusquamp. ἐρέριπτο (Ξ 15); see Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 423 w. n. 3, 426 n. 3); ἐρήριμμαι, ἠρίφθην (Arr.); fut. ἐρείψω (S.),Derivatives: ἐρείπια pl. `ruins' (Hdt., Arist.; on the formation Schwyzer 470, Chantraine Formation 55), adjectivised ἐρείπιος ( οἰκία Ph.; ἐρείπιος γῆ ἡ χέρσος Suid.); ἔρειψις mean. unclear (Att. inscr.) with ἐρείψιμος `ruined' (E. IT 48), ἐρειψιπύλᾱς m. (B.), - τοιχος (A. Th. 883 [lyr.]) `casting down towers, resp. walls' (vgl. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 82); with zero grade ἐρίπναι pl. `broken cliff, steep ascent' (E., A. R.; sg. Nic.); on the suffix cf. κρημνός, κραιπνός and Chantraine Formation 192.Etymology: Beside full grade ἐρείπω we have ONo. rīfa `tear down' (trans.), also of buildings like ἐρείπω; with verbal noun Lat. rīpa `steep border, shore' (cf. ἐρίπναι and ἐρείπιος γῆ = χέρσος, i. e. `shore'); with lengthened labial ONo. rīp `upper side of a boat', EastFris. rip(e) `shore', NHG rīf `id.'; W.-Hofmann s. rīpa. - Through mechanical splitting of ἐρείπω and ἐρείκω in IE (h₁)rei-p-, (h₁)rei-k- one canreduce both verbs like many other words to an IE (h₁)rei- `scratch, tear' (Pok. 857ff.).Page in Frisk: 1,552Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρείπω
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3 ῥέπω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to decline, to descend', esp. of the balance (scales), `to sway down, to turn out, to gain the upper hand', w. prefix also trans. `to lower, to let tilt' (Il.).Derivatives: 1. ῥοπή f. `lowering, tilting (of the scales), swing' (Alc., IA.), to which a.o. ἀντί-ρροπος `equipoising, counterweighing', also connected with ῥέπω (Att.), with ἀντιρροπ-ίη (v. l. -ή) f. `counterweight' (Hp.). 2. περί-ρρεψις f. `tilting' (Hp.). 3. ῥόπαλον n. `bludgeon, mace' (Il.) [but Chantraine, Form. 246 calls connection with ῥέπω doubtful; I think that the word is rather Pre-Greek]with ῥοπάλ-ιον n. (hell. inscr. a. pap.), - ωτός `equipped with a club-like rounding' (D. C.), - ώδης `(pulsing) like a club', of the pulse, - ωσις f. des. of a hairdisease (medic.), - ικός `club-like', as des. of a verse (gramm.), - ίζει στρέφει, κινεῖ ὡς ῥόπαλον H. with - ισμοί pl. (Ar. Lys.); on the meaning of ῥόπαλον cf. below. 4. ῥόπτρον n. `the wood in a trap, knocker, ring at the door, tamboutine' (Archil., Att.); with dissim. ῥόπτον meaning unclear (Epid. IVa), - τίον κλειδίον H. 5. περι-, ἐπι-, κατα-ρρεπής `tilting etc.' (IA.), ἑτερο-ρρεπής prop. "tilting to (one or) the other side", `indecisive, unbiased' (A. in lyr., Hp.). 6. ῥεπτικός `tilting' ( Stoik.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Beside the full grade root-present ῥέπω one assumes as zero grade ῥάπτω, ῥαπίζω (IE *u̯rep-: u̯r̥p-?), also with lengthened grade ῥώψ, but see s.v. As the main semantic denominator one posits `turn (together), wind, bend', but it is impossible to indicate in every case the connections. For ῥέπω one would like to assume a meaning `bow (away) from the straight position, divert', first of the scales. A basic meaning `turn', from where `throw' (cf. Lat. torqueō `turn, throw') one wanted to find in ῥόπαλον, ῥόπτρον (cf. WP. 1, 276 with Curtius a.o.); for the in that case to be assumed meaning `throwing stick' (cf. καλαῦροψ) there is however not the slightest indication. A direct connection with ῥαπίζω, ῥαπίς (prop. `rod, staff'; Persson Beitr. 1, 499) lies formally farther than direct connection with ῥέπω, ῥοπή. So ῥόπαλον prop. "the (for the blow) lowered, falling down (club)" like ῥόπτρον of the wood falling down ? Cf. ξύλον καθῆκε (E. HF 993) of the on the head of a boy downcoming club of Heracles. -- Cf. ῥέμβομαι w. references.Page in Frisk: 2,649-650Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥέπω
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4 στόρνυμι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to stretch out, to spread out, to make one's bed, to even, to pave, to strew, to sprinkle' (ρ 32).Other forms: στρώννυμι (A. Ag. 909 [ στορνύναι Elmsley], hell. a. late), στορέννυμι (late), everywhere also - ύω, aor. στορέσαι (Il.), στρῶσαι (IA.), pass. στορεσθῆναι (Hp. a.o.), στρωθῆναι (D.S. etc.), perf. pass. ἔστρωμαι (since Κ 155), ἐστόροται or - ηται (Aeol. gramm.), ἐστόρεσμαι (late), act. ἔστρωκα (hell. a. late), fut. στορῶ (Ar.), στρώσω (E. etc.), Dor. στορεσεῖν (Theoc.), στρωννύσω (Ps.-Luc.), pass. στρωθήσομαι (LXX), vbaladj. στρωτός (Hes.).Derivatives: l. στρῶμα ( κατά-, ὑπό- a.o.) n. `which is spread out, carpet, bedding, layer' (IA.) with - άτιον n. (hell. a. late - ατεύς m. 'bed-sack' (Thphr. a.o.), `variegated patchwork' (Gell.), name of a fish (Philo ap. Ath.; after the golden stripes; Bosshardt 62, Strömberg Fischn. 28), - ατίτης ἔρανος `picknick with one's own bedding' (Cratin.; Redard 115), - ατίζω `to provide with a carpet, to plaster' (hell. inscr., Poll., H.). 2. στρωμνή, Dor. -ά, Aeol. -ᾶ f. `carpet, mattress, bed' (Sapph., Pi., Att. etc.) with - άομαι in ἐστρωμνημένος (Phot.); cf. λίμνη, ποίμνη a.o. 3. στρῶσις ( ὑπό- a.o.) f. `the spreading, plastering' (hell. a. late). 4. στρωτήρ m. `cross-beam, roof-lath' (Ar. Fr. 72, hell. a. late) with - ήριον, - ηρίδιον `id.' (EM, H., Suid.); στρώτης m. `one that gets ready the beds and dinner couches' (middl. com., Plu.). 5. On itself stands στορεύς m. `the lower, flat part of a device for making fire' (H., sch.). = γαληνοποιός (H.); from *στόρος or -ά?; cf. Bosshardt 80. 6. With ο-vowel also στόρνη f. = ζώνη (Call., Lyc.), prob. to στόρνυμι; here Myc. api tonijo (Taillardat REGr. 73, 5ff.)?? Thus στορνυτέα καταστρωτέα, περιοικοδομητέα H.Etymology: The original triad στόρ-νυμι: στορέ-σαι: στρω-τός, ἔ-στρω-μαι is partly leveled through innovations: στρώννυμι (after ζών-νυ-μι for ζωσ-), στρῶσαι after στρωτός, ἔστρωμαι; στορέννυμι after στορέσαι. As in κορέσαι, κορέννυμι, ὀλέσαι, ὄλλυμι a.o. the ο-vowel makes difficulties and has aroused a lively discussion (s. lit. s. vv.). With στόρνυμι (for *στάρνυμι?) agrees further formally Skt. str̥ṇóti `stretch down, throw down'; because of Germ., e.g. Goth. straujan, NHG streuen we can posit an IE * streu- with n-infix. Other nasal presents are Skt. str̥ṇā́ti `id.', Lat. sternō = OIr. sernim `spread out', Alb. shtrinj `id.' (IE *str̥ni̯ō). On semantic differentiation Narten Münch. Stud. 22, 57 ff., Sprache 14, 131 f. To the zero grade στρωτός answers Lat. strātus, Lith. stìrta f. `heap of hay, piled up heap, dry scaffolding' and Skt.stīrṇá- `spread out'. Disyllabic the full grade στορέ-σαι like Skt. a-starī-ṣ (2. sg.; midd. 3. sg. a-stari-ṣṭa, inf. stari-tavai; one expects * sterh₃- which would give στερο-, which has been metathesized to στορε-, but we don't know how or why; cf Schwyzer 752). Also στρῶμα has an exact counterpart, i.e. in Lat. strāmen, strāmentum `straw' (beside Skt. stárĩ-man- n. `expansion'; cf. Schwyzer 520 w. n. 5). Also agree στόρνη = ζώνη and Slav., e.g. Russ. storoná `region, side', both prob. as innovations. The isolated στορεύς (from *στόρος, -ά or innovation to στορ-έσαι, - νυμι?) represents also the same vowel grade as Russ. pro-tór m. `room, greatness' and Skt. pra-stará- m. `straw, cushion, flatness'. Further forms w. lit. in Bq, WP. 2, 638ff., Pok. 1029ff., W.-Hofmann s. sternō, Fraenkel s. stìrta, Vasmer s. prosterétь and storoná. On the stemformation esp. Strunk Nasalpräs. u. Aor. (1967) 113 f. Cf. still στέρνον and στρατός.Page in Frisk: 2,802-803Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στόρνυμι
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5 σκήπτομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to support oneself, to lean, to pretend something, to use as a pretention', σκήπτω, fut. σκήψω, aor. σκῆψαι, pass. σκηφθῆναι, perf. ἐπ-έσκηφα, pass. ἐπ-έσκημμαι `to throw down, to sling', intr. `to throw oneself down, to fall down', often w. prefix (almost only act.), κατα-, ἐπι-, ἀπο-, ἐν- (IA.); ἐπι-σκήπτω also `to impose, to command', midd. (Att. juridical language) `to object, to prosecute, to raise a complaint'.Derivatives: σκῆψις f. `excuse, pretention, pretext' (IA.), ἐπίσκηψις f. `objection, complaint' (Att.); ἀπόσκημμα ἀπέρεισμα H. (A. Fr. 18 = 265 M.), ἐπίσκημμα = ἐπίσκηψις ( Lex. Rhet. Cant.). Further several expressions for `stick etc.': 1. σκᾶπος κλάδος, καὶ ἄνεμος ποιός H. (on the last-mentioned des. s. σκηπτός). 2. σκηπ-άνη f. (AB) with - άνιον n. `stick, scepter' (Ν 59, Σ 247, Call. Fr. anon. 48, AP), σκαπάνιον βακτηρία, ἄλλοι σκίπωνα H. 3. σκᾶπτον n. (Dor.) `id.' (Pi.), IA. σκῆπτον in σκηπτ-οῦχος `stick-, scepter-bearer' = `ruler' (Hom. a. o.), with the Persians a. other Asiat. peoples who has a high office at the court (Semon., X a. o.) with - ία f. (A. a. o.). 4. σκῆπτρον n. `id.' (ep. poet. Il.; like βάκτρον a. o., Schwyzer 532 w. lit., Chantraine Form. 331); on the meaning etc. see Combellack ClassJourn. 43, 209ff., Gatti Acme 2: 3, 23 ff. On itself, with deviant meaning 5. σκηπτός m. `thunderbolt, lightning, suddenly breaking storm' (trag., X., D., Arist. a. o.); cf. φρυκτός, στρεπ-τός; s. also below.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably] Eur. substr.Etymology: With σκήπτω: σκῆψαι: σκᾶπος cf. e.g. κόπτω: κόψαι: κόπος, τύπτω: τύψαι: τύπος. The yot-present σκήπτω is formally easily understandable as deriv. of a noun σκᾶπος (*σκά̄ψ?) `stick'; so prop. *'handle with the stick, supporting, driving or swinging' (Walde LEW2 s. scāpus, Persson Beitr. 2, 941, WP. 2, 561)?; semant. possible, though not immediately clear. Then not only σκᾶπος, but also σκηπάνη, - άνιον, σκᾶπτον and σκῆπτρον would have to be registered with the s. σκάπτω discussed manyfold expressions for `plane, hew, dig etc.'; only for σκηπτός (as for σκῆψις, σκῆμμα) one would have to start, because of the meaning, from the denominative σκήπτω (even from the presentstem?). In the sense of ' ἄνεμος ποιός' (H.) σκᾶπος would have been influnced by σκηπτός. A primary σκήπτω with the meaning `support' (from where then σκᾶπος as *'support' etc.) would be without non-Greek support. The Greek system with permanent full grade is in any case an innovation; the for σκᾶπτον, σκῆπτ(ρ)ον epected zero grade may be found in the Germ. word for `shaft, spear, lance', OHG skaft m., OWNo. skapt n. a. o.; cf. anal. πηκτός beside old Ion. πᾰκτόω (s. πήγνυμι). -- With σκᾶπος can be equated Lat. scāpus `shaft, stalk' and Alb. shkop `stick, sceptre'. Other longvowel forms, for Greek uninteresting, are: with ō Lat. scōpa `thin twig', scōpiō `the stalk, from which hang the berries of the wine-grapes'; with ē CS. štapъ `stick'; unclear Latv. šk̨èps `spear, javelin' (cf. Vasmer s. štap; diff. W. Hofmann s. scāpus). Further rich material with partly hypothetical or doubtful combinations and extensive lit. in WP. 2, 561 f., Pok. 932; on Greek esp. Solmsen Wortforsch. 206 ff. -- Not here σκίπων and σκίμπτομαι. -- The word could be IE (* sk(e)h₂p-, but I think also of a loan from a Eur. substrate; cf. the discussion on σκάπτω.Page in Frisk: 2,728-729Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκήπτομαι
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6 ῥήγνυμι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to tear (up), to break (to pieces), to burst' (Il.).Other forms: Fut. ῥήξω, aor. ῥῆξαι (all Il.), perf. midd. ἔρρηγ-μαι (θ 137), act. (intr.) ἔρρωγα (Archil., Hp., trag.), ptc. ἐρρηγεῖα (Tab. Heracl.), trans. ἔρρηχα (hell.), aor. pass. ῥαγῆναι (Il.) w. fut. ῥαγήσομαι (A. a.o.), ῥηχθῆναι (late); new pres. ῥήσσω, ῥήττω (Hp., hell.; to ῥῆξαι, ῥήξω).Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, δια-, ἐκ-, κατα-, περι-. As 1. member in verbal governing compp. ῥηξ(ι)-, e.g. ῥηξ-ήνωρ adjunct. of Achilles, `breaking the (rows of) men' (Hom.) with - ηνορίη (ξ 217); cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 180; diff. Muller Mnem. 46, 135ff.: to Lat. regō (by Kretschmer Glotta 11,249 rightly doubted); Jernstedt (s. Idg. Jb. 14, 151): to ῥήσσω `to throw (down)'; cf. the lit. on ἀνήρ.Derivatives: A. With full grade: 1. ῥῆγμα ( ἔκ-, σύν-) n. `tore, cleft, breach' (IA.) with ῥηγματίης, - τώδης (Hp.); 2. ῥηγμός `id.' (pap. IIIa); 3. ῥηγμίν (- μίς), - μῖνος f. `breaking down of a cart, breaking of the sea' (ep. Il.); ῑν-deriv.; cf. Chantraine Form. 168, Schwyzer 465; after Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 40 influenced by θῑν ( θίς); 4. ῥῆξις ( κατά-, περί- etc.), Aeol. Ϝρῆξις f. `breaking through, breach' (Alc., Hp., E., Arist.) with ῥηκτικός ( κατα-) `fragile, brittle' (Hp., Aët.); 5. ῥήκτης m. "the disruptor", des. of a certain form of earthquake (Arist., Lyd.); 6. Ϝρηγαλέον (cod. τρ-) διερρωγότα H.; cf. below B 4 and Leumann Hom. Wörter 273; 7. αὔρηκτος = ἄ-Ϝρηκτος `unbroken' (Hdn. Gr.). -- B. With ω-ablaut: 1. ῥώξ f. only ῥῶγας acc.pl. (χ 143) `tore' = `narrow passage' (cf.Wace JHSt. 71, 203ff., Bérard REGr. 67, 23ff.), further in prefixcompp., e.g. ἀπορρώξ `torn off', f. `torn off piece, outflow' (ep. poet. Il.); 2. διαρρωγή f. `gap, interspace' (Hp.); ῥωγαί ῥήξεις H.; 3. ῥωγάς, - άδος `torn up, cleft' (hell. poetry.); 4. ῥωγαλέος `torn up, full of holes' (Hom.); 5. ῥωγμή f. `breach, tore' (Hp., Arist.) with ῥωγματίης (Hp. ap. Gal.; cf. A 1); ῥωχμός m. `tore, cleft, gap' (Ψ 420, hell. ; \< - σμο-, Schwyzer 493), - μαί pl. `id.' (Marc. Sid.). -- C. With zero grade: 1. ῥαγή ( δια-), ῥαγάς, ῥάγδην, ῥαγδαῖος s. ῥαγή; 2. ῥάγος n. `rag, shred' (pap. IIp), ῥαγόεις (Nic.) after ῥάκος (s.v.), - όεις; 3. περιρραγ-ής `broken around' (AP; from περι-ρραγῆναι).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1182] *wreh₁ǵ- `break'Etymology: With ῥήγνυμι \< *Ϝρήγνυμι (cf. Ϝρῆξις, Ϝρηγαλέος) agrees semant. exactly primary Arm. ergic-anem, aor. ergic-i with the usu. caus. ergic-uc̣anem `tear apart, break'. Also phonetically they agree well except the stemvowel, as Arm. ergic-anem prop. requires an IE diphthong (u̯reiǵ-) against Gr. ῥηγ- \< u̯rēg-. If the regular phonetic development was not disturbed by one or other derailment, what would hardly suprise with a verb of this meaning, the verbs must be seprated; cf. Frisk Etyma Armen. 29 (with another hypothesis on ergicanem). Phonetically doubtful but semant. less convincing is the comparison (since Meillet MSL 9, 142) with a Balto-Slav. verb for `beat etc.' in Lith. rė́žti `cut, incise, beat', OCS rězati ' κόπτειν', Russ. rézatь `cut, slaughter' usw., to which also a.o. Russ. razítь `beat'; cf. on ῥάσσω w. lit.; older lit. in Bq and WP. 1, 319 a. 2, 344. The forms with ῥαγ- must be secondary (as *u̯r̥h₁ǵ- would give Ϝρηγ-).Page in Frisk: 2,652-653Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥήγνυμι
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7 ἕζομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `sit (down)' (Il.)Other forms: fut. καθεδοῦμαι (Att.), later καθεσθήσομαι (LXX), καθεδήσομαι (D. L.); aor. καθεσθῆναι (Paus.); - other presents ἵζω, ἱζάνω (Schwyzer 700) `make sit, set', with ἵζησα, ἵζηκα (late.), with prefix καθ-ίζω (Il.), Ion. κατ-ίζω, καθ-ιζάνω, Aeol. κατ-ισδάνω `set down, sit down', med. καθ-ίζομαι `sit down', with fut. καθιῶ (D.), καθίσω (hell.), κατίσω (Ion.), καθιξῶ (Dor.), med. καθιζήσομαι (Att.), καθιοῦμαι (LXX), καθίσομαι (NT., Plu.); aor. καθίσ(σ)αι, καθίσ(σ)ασθαι (X., in Hom. wrong for καθέσ(σ)αι, s. below), κατίσαι (Hdt., for κατέσαι), καθίξαι (Dor.), καθιζῆσαι (late.); late perf. κεκάθικα, late aor. ptc. pass. καθιζηθείς. - Beside these present forms and the aorists there is a sigmatic aorist εἷσα `I set', inf. ἕσ(σ)αι, med. εἱσάμην, ἕσ(σ)ασθαι, καθ-εῖσα, καθ-έσ(σ)αι (thus also in Hom. to be read for καθίσ(σ)αι; and also κατέσαι for κατίσαι in Hdt.); here fut. καθέσω (Eup.); see Wackernagel Unt. 63ff.Compounds: With terminative prefix (s. Brunel Aspect verbal 83ff., 257ff.) καθ-έζομαι (Il.) `sit (down)' - Often with prefix: ἀνα-, ἐν-, ἐπι-, παρα-, συν- etc.; also to καθέζομαι, καθίζω which are considered as simplices (s. Schwyzer 656, Schwyzer-Debrunner 429). - ἕδος s-stem (s. εὐρυόδεια s.v.). The verbal nouns are largely independent, s. ἕδρα, ἑδώλια, ἑλλά; also ἔδαφος and ἔδεθλον; ἕσμα `stalk, pedicle' (Arist.) \< * sed-sm-, cf. ὄζος. Cf. also ἱδρύω.Etymology: Both ἕζομαι and ἵζω are IE formations, ἕζομαι a thematic jotpresent *sed-i̯o-(mai), also found in Germ., e. g. ONo. sitia, OS sittian, OHG sizzen ` sitzen', ἵζω a redupl. * si-zd-ō (\< * si-sd-ō) = Lat. sīdō, Umbr. sistu ` sidito', Skt. sī́dati. As the preterite ἑζόμην in Homer is often an aorist, it is perh. a redupl. aorist * se-zd- (cf. Av. opt. ha-zd-yā-t_); it could even be an augmented zero grade * e-zd- (with secondary aspiration). A present is in Homer only ἕζεαι (κ 378). Cf. Schwyzer 652 n. 5 and 716 n. 3, Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 336. - The aorist εἷσα, ἕσ(σ)αι from IE *e-sed-s-m̥ (with sec. aspiration), * sed-sai agrees with Skt. subj. ní... ṣát-s-a-t `er möge sich niederlassen' (RV 10, 53, 1). - Further, e. g. Lat. sedēre, sēdāre, OCS sěděti, s. the etym. dict. - As perfect indicating a present to ( καθ-)ἕζομαι, ( καθ-)ἵζω functions ἧμαι, κάθ-ημαι (s. Schwyzer-Debrunner 258).Page in Frisk: 1,445-446Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἕζομαι
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8 στείχω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to march in (in order), to march, to rise, to draw, to go' (ep. Ion. poet. Il., also Aeol. prose).Other forms: ( στίχω Hdt. 3, 14; coni. Dind. in S. Ant. 1129 ex H.), aor. 2. στιχεῖν (aor. 1. περί-στειξας δ 277).Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-, προσ-. As 2. element e.g. in μονό-στιχος `consisting of one verse' (Plu.), e.g. τρί-στοιχος `consisting of three rows' (μ 91), - εί adv. `in three rows' ( 473), μετα-στοιχεί meaning unclear (Ψ 358 a. 757); σύ-στοιχος `belonging to the same row, coordinated, corresponding' (Arist. etc.).Derivatives: From it, prob. as deverbative, but also related to στίχες (Leumann Hom. Wörter 185 f.), στιχάομαι, also w. περι-, συν-, `id.' in 3. pl. ipf. ἐστιχόωντο (Il., Theoc., Nonn.), pres. στιχόωνται (Orph.), act. στιχόωσι, ptc. n. pl. - όωντα (hell. a. late ep.); ὁμοστιχάει 3. sg. pres. `escorted' (Ο 635: *ὁμό-στιχος or for ὁμοῦ στ.?). -- Nouns. A. στίχ-ες pl., gen. sg. στιχ-ός f. `rank(s), file(s)', esp. of soldiers, `battle-array, line of battle' (ep. poet. Il.). -- B. στίχος m. `file, rank', of soldiers, trees, etc., often of words `line' in verse and prose (Att. etc.). στιχ-άς f. `id.' only in dat. pl. στιχάδεσσι ( Epigr.). Dim. - ίδιον (Plu.); - άριον `coat, tightly fitting garment' (pap.). Adj. - ινος, - ικός, - ήρης, - ηρός, adv. - ηδόν (late). Vb - ίζω `to arrange in rows' (LXX; v. l. στοιχ-) with - ιστής. - ισμός (Tz.), περι- στείχω = περιστοιχίζω (s.bel.; A.). -- C. στοῖχος m. `file or column of soldiers, choir members, ships etc., layer of building stones, row of trees, poles etc.' (IA.). From this στοιχ-άς f. `arranged in rows' ( ἐλᾶαι, Sol. ap. Poll. a.o.), - άδες ( νῆσοι) name of a group of islands near Massilia (A. R. a.o.); from this the plantname στοιχάς (Orph., Dsc.) after Strömberg 127 (with Dsc.), with - αδίτης οἶνος `wine spiced with s.' (Dsc.). Cultnames of Zeus resp. Athena: - αῖος (Thera), - αδεύς (Sikyon), - εία (Epid.) referring to the arrangement in phylai. Further adj. - ιαῖος `measuring one row' (Att. inscr.), - ικός (late); adv. - ηδόν (Arist. etc.), - ηδίς (Theognost.) `line by line'. Verbs: 1. στοιχ-έω (because of the meaning hardly deverbative with Schwyzer 720), also w. περι-, συν- a. o., `to form a row, to stand in file and rank, to match, to agree, to be content, to follow' (X., Att. inscr., Arist. hell. a. late); - ούντως `matching, consequent' (Galatia, Aug. time). 2. - ίζω, often w. περι-, also δια-, κατα-, `to arrange in a line, to order' (A. Pr. 484 a. 232, X. a.o.) with - ισμός (Poll.); περι- στείχω `to fence in all around with nets (net-poles), to ensnare' (D., Plb. etc.). -- D. στοιχεῖον, often pl. - εῖα n. `letters in freestanding, alphabetical form' (beside γράμματα `character, script'), also (arisen from this?) `lines, (systematic) dogmas, principles, (physical) element' (Pl., Arist. etc.), `heavenly bodies, elementary spirits, nature demons, magic means' (late a. Byz.); also `shadow-line' as time-measure (Att. com.; cf. σκιὰ ἀντίστοιχος E. Andr. 745) a.o.; prop. "object related to a row, entering a row, forming a part of a whole, member of a row" (on the formation cf. σημεῖον, μνημεῖον, ἐλεγεῖον a.o.); on the development of the meaning which is in many ways unclear Burkert Phil. 103, 167 ff. w. further extensive lit., esp. Diels Elementum (1899). Diff. Lagercrantz (s. Bq); to be rejected. - From it στοιχει-ώδης `belonging to the στοιχεῖα, elementary' (Arist. etc.), of barley `in several rows' as opposed to ἄ-στοιχος πυρός (Thphr.), so either = στοιχ-ώδης or miswritten for it. Denom. verb. στοιχει-όω `to introduce to the principles' (Chrysipp. a.o.), `to equip with magical powers, to charm' (Byz.; cf. Blum Eranos 44, 315ff.) with - ωσις, - ωμα, - ωτής, - ωτικός (Epicur., Phld. a.o.), - ωματικός (Ps.-Ptol.); cf. on this Mugler Dict. géom. 380 f.Etymology: Old inherited group with several representatives also in other idg. languages. The full grade thematic present στείχω agrees exactly to Germ. and Celtic forms, e.g. Goth. steigan ` steigen', OIr. tiagu `stride, go', IE *stéighō. Beside it Skt. has a zero grade nasal present stigh-no-ti `rise'; similar, inmeaning deviant, OCS po-stignǫ `get in, reach, hit' (length of the stemvowel secondary). A deviant meaning is also shown by the full grade yot-present Lit. steig-iù, inf. steĩg-ti `found, raise', also (obsolete) `hurry'; on this Fraenkel s. v. -- Further several nouns, esp. in Germ.: OHG steg m. ` Steg, small bridge', OWNo. stig n. `step' from PGm. * stiga-z, -n, IE * stigh-o-s (= στίχος), - o-m; OE stige -n. `going up, down' (i-stem from older rootnoun = στίχ-ες?). With oi-ablaut Alb. shtek `transit, entrance, road, hair-parting' (= στοῖχος), thus Goth. staiga, OHG steiga f. `mountain-path, road', Latv. staiga f. `course', cf. Lith. adv. staigà `suddenly' (would be Gr. *στοιχή) etc., s. WP. 2, 614 f., Pok. 1017 f., also W.-Hofmann s. vestīgium w. further forms a. lit.Page in Frisk: 2,783-785Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στείχω
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9 κεῖμαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `lie, be somewhere, happen etc.' (Il.).Other forms: 3. sg. κεῖται, 3. pl. κέαται, Att. κεῖνται, inf. κεῖσθαι etc. (further forms in Schwyzer 679; sehr unsicher myk. ke-ke-me-na)Dialectal forms: Myc. ke-ke-me-na uncertain.Compounds: very often with prefix in diff. meanings, ἀνά-, κατά-, παρά-, ἔγ-, ἔκ-, ἐπί-, σύγ-κειμαι etc.Derivatives: 1. κοῖτος m. `layer, bed, sleep' (Od.), κοίτη f. `id., matrim. bed, nest, parcel, lot' (Od.); often in compp., e. g. ἀπό-, σύγ-, ἡμερό-κοιτος, ἀ-, παρα-κοίτης (cf. on ἀκοίτης). From κοῖτος, κοίτη: κοιτίς f. `box' (Men., J.; cf. Schwyzer 127) with κοιτίδιον `id.' (sch.); κοιτάριον `bed' (sch.); κοιτών m. `sleeping room' (Ar. Fr. 6, hell.) with κοιτώνιον, - ωνίσκος, - ωνίτης, ωνικός ; κοιτατήριον `id.' (Cyrene; cf. ἑστιατήριον s. ἑστία); κοιταῖος `lying on the layer' (Decr. ap. D. 18, 37, Plb.), κοιτάριος `belonging to the bed' ( Edict. Diocl.). Denomin. verb κοιτάζομαι `lay down, nest' (Pi., hell.), - άζω `bring to rest, lay down', also `partition the land' (from κοίτη `parcel'), hell. From here κοιτασία `living together' (LXX), κοιτασμός `folding the cattle' (pap.). - 2. *κοίμη or *κοῖμος with denomin. κοιμάω `lay to rest, put to bed', κοιμάομαι `go to bed' (Il.); from there κοίμησις `lay down, sleep (of death)' (Pl., LXX, NT), κοίμημα `sleep, sleeping with' (S.), κοιμη-τήριον `sleeping room, restplace, burying-place' (inscr.); also κοιμίζω = κοιμάω with κοίμισις, - ισμός, - ιστής, - ιστικός; rater reshaped from κοιμάω. - 3. κειμήλιον n. `valuables, precious thing' (Il.), secondary - ιοι Pl. m. (f.) (Pl. Lg. 931a; apposition of πατέρες η μητέρες); ηλ-derivation of a neuter *κεῖμα (Frisk Eranos 38, 42 a. 41, 52). In the same meaning κεμήλιον (Alc. G 1, 8)? Specht KZ 68, 145 (after *θεμήλιον, θέμηλα); but s. on κεμάς. - Cf. also κῶμα and κώμη. - Verbal derivv.: iterative ( παρε)- κέσκετο (ξ 521, φ 41); desiderative or future forms κείω, κειέμεν, κείοντες etc.; late lengthening κατεκείαθεν κατεκοιμήθη H. (after Hom. μετεκίαθεν); further details in Schwyzer 679, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 322 und 453.Etymology: An exact agreement of the athematic present κεῖται gives Indo-Iranian in Skt. śéte, Av. saēte `lies'; further Hitt. kitta, -ri; uncertain Lyc. sijęni `id.' (Pedersen Lykisch und Hittitisch 17f.). The nominalen t- and m-formations are also found outside Greek: Bret. argud `light sleep' \< *are-ḱoi-to-; Germ., e. g. Goth. haims `village, Heim', Latv. sàime `family', Lith. šeimýna `id.', OCS sěmьja `id.', prob. also Celt., e. g. OIr. cōim `dear'. Other derivv. of the verb in Lat. cīvis, Germ., e. g. Goth. heiwa-frauja `lord of the house', Skt. śéva- `trusty, friendly, dear' as in Arm. sēr `love' with sirem `love'. - Further Pok. 539f., W.-Hofmann s. cīvis. - The verb has full grade in the middle with static inflection: Skt. śay-e, pl. śe-re, without -t-.Page in Frisk: 1,809-810Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κεῖμαι
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10 μεσόδμη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `crossbeam', from wall to wall of a building or from side to side of a ship, in which the mast was let down (details in Bechtel Lex. s. v.; Od., Hp., Q. S.).Other forms: μεσόδμᾱ (Delph. IVa), μεσόμνη (Att. inscr.; on the phonetics Schwyzer 208).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Prop. "what belongs to the middle of the house", compound of μέσος and the zero grade of the word for `house', δεμ-, δμ-, seen in δεσ-πότης and δά-πεδον (s. vv.; cf. on δόμος) with ᾱ-suffix: μεσό-δμ-ᾱ like *ἑκατόμ-βϜ-ᾱ (J.Schmidt Pluralbild. 221f., Schwyzer 425 a. 449). From housebuilding the term was transferred to shipbuilding. Often the 2. member - δμη is directly derived from δέμω `build' as zero grade root-noun (cf. νέο-δμᾱ-τος, δέ-δμη-μαι), so "middle-building"; thus Prellwitz BB 17, 172, Persson Beitr. 648, Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1943, 7; cf. also Benveniste BSL 51, 18. Sommer Nominalbild. 76 does not decide the matter. The gloss μεσόδμα γυνή \< ὡς Λάκωνες\> is unclear (gl. 947 has μεσοδόμα).Page in Frisk: 2,213-214Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μεσόδμη
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11 ὄρνυμαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to stir, to rise, to run out, to hurry' esp. `to excite, to incite, to revive (Il.).Other forms: Aor. ὠρόμην, - ετο, often and older athem. ὦρτο, ptc. ὄρμενος etc., fut. ὀροῦμαι, ὀρεῖται, perf. ὄρωρα; act. ὄρνυμι, also - ύω, aor. ὦρσα, redupl. 3. sg. ὤρορε, fut. ὄρσω, aor. pass. 3. pl. ὦρθεν (Corinn.). Besides ὀρούω, fut. ὀρούσω, in Hom. only aor. ὀροῦσαι, often w. prefix, e.g. ἐπ, ἀν-, ἐν-, ἐξ- `rise quickly, rush on' (Il.).Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. ἐπ-, ὑπ-, ἀν-. -- As 1. member in governing compp. like ὀρσο-τρίαινα m. `wielder of the trident' (Pi.), ὀρσί-αλος `stirring the sea' (B.), PN as Όρσέ-λαος (Boeot.), Όρσί-λοχος (Il.) besides certainly nominal Όρτί-λοχος (Dor.); s. Schwyzer 442, Bechtel Hist.PN 353 f., Wackernagel Unt. 236 n. 1. As 2. member in the comp. κονι-ορ-τός (s. κόνις), in verbal adj. like θέ-ορ-τος `sprung from the gods' (Pi., A.), νέ-ορ-τος `newly arisen' (S.).Derivatives: Only ὄρου-σις f. `rise, ὅρμησις, ὁρμή' (Stoic.), ὀρούματα ὁρμή- ματα, πηδήματα H.; remarkable ὀρσό-της, - ητος f. = ὁρμή (Critias), ὀρσί-της m. name of a Cret. dance (Ath.).Etymology: Its general o-vowel reminds of ὄρνυμι and ὄλλυμι, στόρνυμι, κορέννυμι a.o. and points to * h₃-. Traces of an ε-grade have been supposed in ἔρετο ὡρμήθη H. a.o. (s. ἐρέθω) as well as in Λα-έρ-της (s. λαός; cf. below). The general structure of the IE nu-verbs as well as the comparison with Skt. r̥-nó-ti `rise, move (onself)' give an original *ὄ῎ρ-νυ-μι ( *h₃r̥-n-(e)u-; not *αρνυμι). An orig. *ἴρνυμι with ι as reduced vowel as in κίρνημι (s. on κεράννυμι) Fick BB 29, 197 finds support in the Zeusepithet Έπιρνύτιος Ζεὺς ἐν Κρήτῃ H., what in spite of widespread agreement (Bechtel Lex. 252, WP. 1, 137, Schwyzer 352 a. 695) is to be called quite arbitrary. -- An analysis ὄρ-ν-υ-μι gives the possibility, to connect the aorist ὀροῦ-σαι (to which the later and rare ὀρούω) as o-coloured full grade (* h₃rou-; Persson Beitr. 1, 285; 2, 738; s. also Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 374 w. n. 1 a. lit.); cf. further κρούω, κολούω a.o. (Schwyzer 683 w. lit.). -- Comparisons outside Greek do not help much: beyond the pair ὄρ-νυ-μι: r̥-ṇó-ti are to be mentioned from Skt.: ὦρτο: ā́rta, ὤρ-ε-το: ā́r-a-ta (certainly innovations), ὄρ-ωρα: ā́ra, ὦρσε: ārṣ-īt (gramm.). Heth. ar-nu-mi `move on, away or here' is phonetically uncertain and can also be connected with ἄρνυμαι (s. v.). For ὀρούω we compare Lat. ruō `fall down, hurry'. -- Further material (but not from a root "of moving" er-) in WP. 1, 136ff. (w. rich lit.), Pok. 326ff., W.-Hofmann s. orior and 1. ruō; older lit. in Bq. -- Cf. ὀρίνω and ὄρος, also 1. οὖρος.Page in Frisk: 2,422-424Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄρνυμαι
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12 βαρύς
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `heavy', of tone `deep' (Il.).Compounds: βαρύ-γδουπος (Pi.) etc.Derivatives: βαρύτης, - ητος f. (Att.). Denom.1. βαρύνω `weigh down, oppress' (Il.); 2. βαρύθω `be weighed down' (Il.); 3. βαρέω s. below. - βάρος n. `heavy weight', (simplex Hdt.; in comp. ( χαλκο-, οἰνο-βαρής Il.). - The ptc. βεβαρηώς ( οἴνῳ βεβαρηότες, - ότα γ 139, τ 122) cf. οἰνοβαρής (Α 225; metr. lengthened οἰνοβαρείων ι 374, κ 555), from which οἰνοβαρέω (Thgn.); from there (?) βεβαρημένος (Pl.); βόρημαι (Sapph. Supp. 25, 17) with Aeol. vocalism; βαρέω (Hp. Morb.),.Etymology: Identival with Skt. gurú-, Av. gouru-, Goth. kaúrus `heavy'. Lat. gravis from *graus \< *gʷreh₂us. Full grade in Skt. comparative gárīyān. Cf. βριαρός, βρίθω.Page in Frisk: 1,221-222Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βαρύς
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13 λέσχη
λέσχη Bremmer WAAR?Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `room, builing as meeting place' (σ 329, Hes.); `grave' (Rhodos); see H. Bolkestein MAWNied. 84B: 3 (1937) 18ff.Compounds: ἔλ-λεσχος `commonly talked off' (Hdt. 1, 153; from ἐν λέσχῃ), πρό-λεσχος `eager to talk' (A. Supp. 200; cf. πρό-χειρος a.o.; ἀδο-λέσχης (s.s.v.).Derivatives: λεσχήν, - ῆνος m. `chatterer' (Timo 46); λεσχην-εῖ ὁμιλεῖ, μυθολογεῖ H. - λεσχαῖος ἐξηγητής, ὁμιλητής H.; λεσχάραι οἷον αἱ σχολαί... (EM561, 17). See Solmsen Wortforsch. 124 f. - Two month names of unclear formation: Λεσχανάσιος (Tegea), Λεσχανόριος (Thessal., Gortyn); also Άπόλλων Λεσχηνόριος (from the λέσχαι which were under his protection?).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Mostly connected with λέχος, from *λέχσκᾱ. As Greek has no nomin. suffix - sk-, and as a k-suffix from the zero grade *λεχσ- is also improbable, one assumes a σκ-present *λέχ-σκ-εται (\> *λέσχεται); but there is no trace of this verb. The same formation was assumed for OHG. lëscan ' löschen' (as `lie down'); also for Celtic, e. g. OIr. lesc `lazy', where it is quite uncertain. - As the room was not for lying down, this etymology (supposing *λεσχεται really existed) is improbable. - Long ago the agreement with Hebr. liškāh was observed. This cannot be ignored. It was assumed that Greek had the word from the Near East (West, East Face 38; not the other way round, ib.), but as the word is isolated in NWSemitic, Schrader (FS Jahrh.feier Univ. Breslau, 1911, 469) already assumed that both languages had it from Anatolia, which seems the most probable interpretation. Thus Fur. 295, 257, who points out that the suffix of λεσχάραι is non-Greek; he also points to the Hebr. variant niškāh, which may point to Anat. l\/n, as in Fur. 388. Thus now Bremmer, WAAR?See also: weitere Lit. s. λέχεται.Page in Frisk: 2,107-108Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λέσχη
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14 ὄζος 1
ὄζος 1.Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `branch, bough, sapling' (Il.), also `knot in a tree or stem' (Thphr.).Other forms: Aeol. ὔσδος (Sapph., Schwyzer 182)Compounds: As 2. member e.g. in πέντ-οζος `with five knots', as name of the hand (Hes. Op. 742), πεντά-οζος `with five knots' (Thphr.).Derivatives: ὀζ-ώδης `branchy, having many knots' (Thphr., Dsc.), - ωτός `branchy', - αλέος `id.' (AP; nach ἀζαλέος; also after τρηχαλέος?, Debrunner IF 23, 32), - όομαι `to put forth branches' (Hp., Thphr.).Etymology: Old inherited word for `branch', identical with Arm. ost, gen. -oy, Germ., Goth. asts OHG a. NHG ast, IE * osdo-s. Besides with deviating length (IE *ō?) OS MLG ōst `knot in wood, knag'. -- Since Brugmann IF 19, 379 n. 1 and Grundr.2 II: 2, 816 analysed as * o-sd-o-s `sitting (on the stem) ', "Ansitzer", from 2. ὀ- (s. v.) and zero grade of sed- in ἵζω (s. ἕζομαι). But because of equally built Lat. nīdus `nest' from * ni-sd-o-s, prop. "sitting down, place to sit down" rather to be understood with Bloornfield Lang. 3, 213f. as "place to sit on", referring to birds. -- From dimin. ὀζάριον MGr. ἀζάρι, from where NGr. ζαρώνω `shrink, contract' (Hatzidakis Glotta 11, 176 ff.). The connection with Hitt. hasduir has been given up as its meaning is not quite certain (`weeds, waste'?; Tischler 206).Page in Frisk: 2,353Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄζος 1
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15 σκέλος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `thigh, leg' (Π 314).Dialectal forms: Myc. kerea₂ (pl.).Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. τετρα-σκελής `four-legged' (trag. a. o.).Derivatives: 1. Diminut. σκελ-ίσκος m. (Ar.), - ύδριον (Herod., Arr.). 2. σκελέαι f. pl. `breeches' (Critias, Antiph.). 3. σκελίζω (Plu., S. E.), usu. ὑπο- σκέλος (Pl., D. etc.) `to trip someone up, to bring him down, to outsmart' with ( ὑπο-)σκελ-ισμός m. `the bringing down, downfall', - ισμα n. `accident' (LXX); daneben σκέλ[λ]ισμα δρόμημα H. 4. also σκελλός `bandy-legged, διεστραμμένος, ῥαιβός' (sch., H., EM; cf. στρεβλός a. o.; s. also κυλλός). -- Besides 1. with ο-ablaut: σκολιός `crooked, bent, twisted, unjust' (Π 387; from *σκόλος m. after σκαιός a.o.?; cf. σκολοῖς δρεπάνοις H.) with σκολι-ότης f. `curve, injustice' (Hp., LXX, Str. a. o.), - όομαι `to be bent, to curve' (Hp., Thphr.) with - ωσις, - ωμα (late), - αίνομαι `to curve' (Hp.), - άζω `to be bent' (LXX); τὸ σκόλιον `drinking-song' (Pi.; explanation debated: because they were presented in irregular order?). 2. with lengthened grade σκώληξ; s. v. -- On σκαληνός s. σκάλλω; on σκελίς s. σχελις.Etymology: With Lat. scelus n. `malice, badness, crime' formally, orig. also semant. identical as *'curvation, deflection' (cf. σκολιός `curved, unright'). The orig. presence of a verb `curve, bend' is demonstrated also by two other primary formations: Germ., OHG scelah, OE sceolh `oblique, curved, squinting', NHG scheel, OWNo. skjalgr `oblique, squinting', PGm. *skél-ha-, -gá- \< IE * skel-ko-; Alb. tshalë `lame' \< IE * skel-no-. Quite uncertain Arm. šeɫ `slanting, oblique', xeɫ `distorted, crippled'. Also κυλλός, κῶλον a. cogm. are adduced as s-less variants; s. vv. w. further lit.; further W.-Hoffmann s. scelus. -- The group * skel- (Pok. 928) seems rather uncertain. Thus it seems no more than a possibility that σκολιός is cognate with σκέλος.Page in Frisk: 2,723-724Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκέλος
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16 ἄοζος
Grammatical information: m.Other forms: ἄζος = θεράπων or θεράπαινα Seleucus et Gloss. ap. Ath. 6, 267c = Eust. 1024, 44 and 1090, 56.Dialectal forms: Myc. aozejo prob. not here.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: In the same sense ὄζος in epic ὄζος Ἄρηος, if = θεράπων Ἄ., cf. ὀζεία (cod. ὀζειέα) θεραπεία H. This ὄζος is considered to be identical with ὄζος `branch', as did the ancients: ὁ κλάδος τοῦ πολέμου H. Modern scholars take it as `sprout', but DELG notes that ὄζος does not have this meaning. Nevertheless one assumes the same etymology: * o-zd-o-, i.e. prefix o- and zero grade of sed- `sit (down)', so orig. `comes, companion'; not very convincing. ἄ-οζος could have α copulativum, perhaps under influence of ἀοσσέω (q. v.), ἄοσσος. Brugmann IF 19, 379 against Schulze Q. 498, who explains ἄοζος from *ἀ-σοδ-ι̯ο-ς, from ὁδός, what Frisk and DELG do not reject. - Fur. 341 cites the form ἄζος, and concludes from α\/ο that the word is Pre-Greek. He assumes (374) with Frisk that ἄοζος has a secondary α copulativum, which is uncertain, however; it could be a real Pre-Greek prothesis.Page in Frisk: 1,116Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄοζος
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17 βάπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `immerse, so as to temper or colour' (Od.).Other forms: Aor. βάψαιDerivatives: 1. βαφή `dipping, temper, dye' (Ion.-Att.); 2. βάμμα `dye' (Pl.); 3. βάψις `id' (Antiph.). - βαφεύς `dyer' (Pl.), βαφεῖον (Str.). - βαπτίζω. Metathesis in βιπτάζω (Epich.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Generally considered a yod-present like ON kvefja `press down, immerse, choke' (OSwed. kvaf n. `depth'). But in this way the - α- cannot be explained. ( βύπτειν βαπτίζειν H. after δύπτειν (s. δύω) or κύπτειν (not zero grade as Schwyzer).Page in Frisk: 1,218-219Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βάπτω
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18 γέντο
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `he took' (Il. 8, 43).Etymology: γέντο is like λέκτο `he laid down' either a middle root aorist, or an s- aorist with lost σ (*λέκ-σ-το, *γέμ-σ-το; on μ s. below), cf. Schwyzer 751 Zus. 2. Both verbs have analogical full grade. Not from *gm̥̄to (Wackernagel Unt. 175 A.). To γέντο \< *γέμτο probably ipv. ἀπό-γεμε ἄφελκε. Κύπριοι and ὕγ-γεμος συλλαβή. Σαλαμίνιοι H. From other languages have been compared MIr. gemel `fetter', Latv. gùmstu, gùmt `seize etc.'; OCS žьmǫ, žęti `σφίγγειν, comprimere'. This word has again been compared with Gr. γέμω `be full' (q. v.), which could be the thematic present beside athematic (sigmatic) aorist γέντο. - Pok. 368f. Not to γαμέω nor to γάγγαμον `net' (q. v.).Page in Frisk: 1,297-298Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γέντο
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19 εὐδία
εὐδία, - ίηGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `beautiful, bright wheather, calm (of wind), quiet (of the sea)' (Pi., Trag., Ion.-Att.).Derivatives: εὐδιᾱνός `calm, bringing rest', of φάρμακον (Pi. O. 9, 97); εὐδίαιος of the fish-name τριγόλας (Sophr. 67), `catched in beautiful weather'(?) with εὐδιαίτερος (X.); as subst. m. `outlet in the bottom of a ship' (Plu., Poll.); εὐδιεινός `bright, calm, quiet' (Hp. Aph. 3, 12 v. l. beside εὔδιος, Pl. Lg. 919a, X. Kyn. 5, 9, Arist.; after φαεινός, ἀλεεινός); εὔδιος `id.' (Hp., hell. ; to εὐδία after αἰθρία: αἴθριος). Denomin. verbs εὐδιάω `be quiet, calm', of the sea and weather (A. R., Arat.; only ptc. εὐδιόων); εὐδιάζω `calm down, be quiet' ([Pl.] Ax. 370d, Ph.).Etymology: Compound (collective bahuvrihi) of εὖ and the zero grade of an old word for `day, heaven' (s. Ζεύς), εὐ-δίϜ-ᾱ; cf. ἑκατόμ-β(Ϝ)-ᾱ, μεσό-δμ-η. An old counterpart is Skt. su-dív- `bringing a beautiful day' with su-div-á-m n. `id.'. - Sommer Nominalkomp. 73ff..Page in Frisk: 1,585Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εὐδία
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20 ἱδρύω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to make sit down, settle, establish, found'.Other forms: Aor. ἱδρῦσαι (Il.), pass. ἱδρυνθῆναι (Γ 78, Η 56; for -ῡθῆναι? Schwyzer 761 n. 5), perf. pass. ἵδρῡμαι (A.), Act. ἵδρυκα (Arist.),Compounds: Often with prefix, esp. καθ- (wozu ἐγ-καθιδρύω a. o.),Derivatives: ἵδρυμα `what was set up, founded, statue, temple-building' (IA), ἵδρυσις `founding, settling' (Hp., Pl., Str., Plu.).Etymology: Denominative verb, from a noun *ἱδρυ- (?) (Schwyzer 727 and 495); an r-deriv. of the verb `sit, set' in ἕζομαι, ἵζω; cf. esp. ἕδρα. The ἱ- from ἵζω (Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 2); ( ι as reduced grade of ε is impossible, Bq, Schwyzer 351, Sturtevant Lang. 19, 300; but see Manessy -Guitton, An Fac. Let. et Sc. Hum. de Nice: from s ̊d-; cf. Meier-Brügger, Idg. Sprachwissschaft (2000) 90f.: *s ̊d-wr̥-y-)̇.Page in Frisk: 1,710Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἱδρύω
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См. также в других словарях:
Down grade — Grade Grade (gr[=a]d), n. [F. grade, L. gradus step, pace, grade, from gradi to step, go. Cf. {Congress}, {Degree}, {Gradus}.] 1. A step or degree in any series, rank, quality, order; relative position or standing; as, grades of military rank;… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
down|grade — … Useful english dictionary
down-grade — … Useful english dictionary
down grade — … Useful english dictionary
Grade — (gr[=a]d), n. [F. grade, L. gradus step, pace, grade, from gradi to step, go. Cf. {Congress}, {Degree}, {Gradus}.] 1. A step or degree in any series, rank, quality, order; relative position or standing; as, grades of military rank; crimes of… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Grade crossing — Grade Grade (gr[=a]d), n. [F. grade, L. gradus step, pace, grade, from gradi to step, go. Cf. {Congress}, {Degree}, {Gradus}.] 1. A step or degree in any series, rank, quality, order; relative position or standing; as, grades of military rank;… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Down — Down, a. 1. Downcast; as, a down look. [R.] [1913 Webster] 2. Downright; absolute; positive; as, a down denial. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. [1913 Webster] 3. Downward; going down; sloping; as, a down stroke; a down grade; a down train on a railway. [1913… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Down at the mouth — Down Down, a. 1. Downcast; as, a down look. [R.] [1913 Webster] 2. Downright; absolute; positive; as, a down denial. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. [1913 Webster] 3. Downward; going down; sloping; as, a down stroke; a down grade; a down train on a railway.… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Down draught — Down Down, a. 1. Downcast; as, a down look. [R.] [1913 Webster] 2. Downright; absolute; positive; as, a down denial. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. [1913 Webster] 3. Downward; going down; sloping; as, a down stroke; a down grade; a down train on a railway.… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Down in the mouth — Down Down, a. 1. Downcast; as, a down look. [R.] [1913 Webster] 2. Downright; absolute; positive; as, a down denial. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. [1913 Webster] 3. Downward; going down; sloping; as, a down stroke; a down grade; a down train on a railway.… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Down Cathedral — Down cathedral, August 2009 … Wikipedia
