ἔρρηχα

ῥήγνυμι

break asunder: perf ind act 1st sg (epic ionic)

ῥήσσω

strike: perf ind act 1st sg

ῥήγνυμι

break asunder: perf ind act 1st sg (epic ionic)

ῥήσσω

strike: perf ind act 1st sg

ῥήγνῡμι or [suff] ῥηγ-ύω (

A

ἀναρ- Hp.Flat.10

: [tense] impf.

κατ-ερρήγνυε D.21.63

, etc.); later [full] ῥήσσω, Gal.10.640, Orib.Fr.93, Gloss.;

ῥήσσεσθαι PHolm.6.3

, cf. 4.22; ἀπο-, δια-ρρήσσεσθαι, Hp.Int.17,42; [full] ῥήττω, Str.11.14.8, Dsc.4.150 (v.l. ῥήσσει), ([etym.] περι-) Id.2.98, 3.18 (v.l. περιρρήσσει)

; ῥήττεσθαι Bito 45.8

, Str.7.3.18: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.

ῥήγνυσκε Il.7.141

: [tense] fut.

ῥήξω 12.262

, Hdt.2.2, ([etym.] ἐκ-) S.Aj. 775: [tense] aor.

ἔρρηξα Il.3.348

, Pi.N.8.29, Ar.Nu. 960;

ῥῆξα Il.6.6

: [tense] pf. ἔρρηχα ([etym.] δι-) LXX 2 Ki.14.30, 15.32:—[voice] Med. ῥήγνῠμαι, [tense] fut. ῥήξομαι, [tense] aor. ἐρρηξάμην, all in Il. (12.257, 224, 291), [tense] pres. also in Hp.VC4,12: [tense] aor.

ἐρρηξάμην E.Heracl. 835

, ([etym.] κατ-) X.Cyr.3.1.13; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.

ῥήξαντο Il.11.90

:—[voice] Pass., subj.

ῥήγνῡται Hippon.19.4

: [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. [tense] impf.

ῥηγνύατο Arat.817

: [tense] fut.

ῥᾰγήσομαι Plu.2.668a

, ([etym.] διαρ-, ἐκ-) Ar.Eq. 340, A.Pr. 369, etc.: [tense] aor. ἐρράγην [ᾰ] S.Fr. 578, Ar.Nu. 583, etc.; later ἐρρήχθην, Tryph.11; δια-ρρηχθῇ (v.l. -ρραγῇ) Hp.Int.29: [tense] pf. ἔρρηγμαι ([etym.] συν-) Od.8.137; but intr. [tense] pf. ἔρρωγα is more freq., v. infr. c. 1; [tense] pf. part. fem. ἐρρηγεῖα, v. infr. c. 2; masc. pl.

κατ-ερρηγότας Hsch.

The word is hardly used by correct [dialect] Att. Prose-writers, exc. in [voice] Pass.:—break asunder, rend, shatter,

τεῖχος Il.12.198

;

πύλας 13.124

;

σάκος 21.165

;

θώρηκας 2.544

;

ἱμάντα 3.375

;

νευρήν 8.328

;

ὀστέον 20.399

;

χρόα 23.673

; only once in Od.,

προτόνους ἔρρηξ' ἀνέμοιο θύελλα 12.409

:—later, esp. rend garments, in sign of grief,

ῥ. πέπλους A.Pers. 199

, 468; ῥ. ἕλκεα make grievous wounds, Pi.N.8.29; ῥ. ὀστᾶ, σάρκας, E.HF 994, Ba. 1130;

ἀρότροις γῆς δάπεδον Ar.Pl. 515

: in [dialect] Ion. and later Prose,

ῥήγνυσι.. τὸν ἀμφὶ τὴν ὄψιν χιτῶνα Hp.VM19

;

ῥήττειν νευράν Str.15.1.57

;

τὰ δεσμά Luc.DDeor.17.1

;

τὰς πύλας Id.Par.46

;

μὴ στραφέντες ῥήξωσιν ὑμᾶς Ev.Matt.7.6

:—[voice] Med., break for oneself, get broken,

ὄρνυσθ'.. ῥήγνυσθε δὲ τεῖχος Il.12.440

, cf. 224, 257, 291:—[voice] Pass., v. infr. B.

2 break a line of battle or body of men, ῥ. φάλαγγα, ὅμιλον, στίχας ἀνδρῶν, Il.6.6, 11.538, 15.615; τὸ μέσον ῥῆξαι break through the centre, Hdt. 6.113: abs., ἐρρηξάτην ἐς κύκλα.. ὅπλων broke through, S.Fr.210.9:— [voice] Med., ῥήξασθαι φάλαγγας, στίχας, break oneself a way through the lines, Il.11.90, 13.680, cf. E.Heracl. 835;

ῥηξαμένῳ θέσθαι παρὰ νηυσὶ κέλευθον Il.12.411

.

3 let break loose, ἔριδα ῥ. 20.55 ([voice] Med.).

4 after Hom., ῥῆξαι φωνήν let loose the voice, of children and persons who have been dumb or silent, break into speech, speak out, Hdt.1.85, 2.2, 5.93, cf. Ar.Nu. 357, 960;

ῥῆξαι αὐδήν E.Supp. 710

; later ῥήξασθαι φωνήν, θρόον αὐδῆς, φθόγγον, utter, AP5.221 (Agath.), 7.597 (Jul.), 9.61: abs., ῥῆξον καὶ βόησον cry aloud, LXXIs.54.1; v. infr.c.

5 also δακρύων ῥήξασα.. νάματα having let loose, having burst into floods of tears, S.Tr. 919; κλαυθμὸν ῥ. Plu.Per.36;

ῥ. τὰ ὄρη εὐφροσύνην LXX Is.49.13

;

ῥήγνυσι πηγὰς ὁ χῶρος Plu.Mar.19

;

ῥ. νεφέλην ἔς τινας Philostr.Im.2.27

; v. infr. B.

B [voice] Pass., break, break asunder, burst,

κῦμα ῥήγνυτο Il.18.67

;

κῦμα.. χέρσῳ ῥηγνύμενον 4.425

, Hes.Sc. 377; of clouds, Ar.Nu. 378; ῥαγῆναί τι τῆς γῆς, as in an earthquake, Pl.R. 359d;

ῥαγεῖσα Θηβαίων κόνις S.Fr. 958

;

ἱμάτια ῥαγέντα X.Cyr.1.6.16

;

ὀστέον ῥήγνυται τιτρωσκόμενον Hp.VC4

; ῥήττονται ὑδρίαι (by the cold) Str.7.3.18; τοῖς βασκάνοις εἶναι ῥήγνυσθαι may the envious burst, Aristid.Or.50 (26).69;

τοῖς εἴ τις εὐδοκιμήσειεν ἐπί τῳ ῥηγνυμένοις Lib.Or.29.13

, cf. Or.1.207.

2 burst forth, like lightning, βροντὴ δ' ἐρράγη δι'

ἀστραπῆς S.Fr. 578

, Ar.Nu. 583, cf. Plu.2.919b; so

καταμηνίων ῥαγέντων Hp.Aph.5.32

, cf. Nat.Mul.13, Arist.HA 582b10, etc.

3 of ships, to be wrecked, D.56.21: metaph.,

πολλῶν ῥαγεισῶν ἐλπίδων A.Ag. 505

.

4 of a stone, γράμματι ῥηγνύμενον scored with lettering, i.e. inscribed, Puchstein Epigr.Gr.p.76 (Memphis, i B.C.).

C intr., like [voice] Pass., break or burst forth,

ἔρρηξεν ἔμετος Hp.Epid. 4.24

;

τὸ πνεῦμα ῥήγνυσι Id.Nat.Puer.12

;

εἰ ἐθελήσει ῥήξας ὑπερβῆναι ὁ ποταμός Hdt.2.99

: metaph.,

ὁποῖα χρῄζει ῥηγνύτω S.OT 1076

(in answer to the words δέδοιχ' ὅπως μὴ.. ἀναρρήξει κακά): freq. in this signf. in [tense] pf. ἔρρωγα, to have broken out,

ἔρρωγε παγὰ δακρύων Id.Tr. 852

(lyr.): metaph.,

κακῶν πέλαγος ἔρρωγεν A.Pers. 433

;

τάδ' ἐκ δυοῖν ἔρρωγεν.. κακά S.OT 1280

;

σοὶ τάδ' ἔρρωγεν κακά E.Hipp. 1338

;

ἐρρωγότες λόγοι

broken, disjointed,

Com.Adesp.661

.

2 in lit. sense, γῆ ἐρρηγεῖα ([etym.] - υῖα) broken, arable, opp. ἄρρηκτος, Tab.Heracl.1.18,al. ( ϝρηγ- (cf. [dialect] Aeol. [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. εὐράγη Hdn.Gr.2.640, ϝρῆξις, αὔρηκτος), cogn. with Lith. rēžti 'cut, notch, furrow', rúožas 'stripe, streak, strip'.)

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to tear (up), to break (to pieces), to burst' (Il.).

Other forms: Fut. ῥήξω, aor. ῥῆξαι (all Il.), perf. midd. ἔρρηγ-μαι (θ 137), act. (intr.) ἔρρωγα (Archil., Hp., trag.), ptc. ἐρρηγεῖα (Tab. Heracl.), trans. ἔρρηχα (hell.), aor. pass. ῥαγῆναι (Il.) w. fut. ῥαγήσομαι (A. a.o.), ῥηχθῆναι (late); new pres. ῥήσσω, ῥήττω (Hp., hell.; to ῥῆξαι, ῥήξω).

Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, δια-, ἐκ-, κατα-, περι-. As 1. member in verbal governing compp. ῥηξ(ι)-, e.g. ῥηξ-ήνωρ adjunct. of Achilles, `breaking the (rows of) men' (Hom.) with - ηνορίη (ξ 217); cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 180; diff. Muller Mnem. 46, 135ff.: to Lat. regō (by Kretschmer Glotta 11,249 rightly doubted); Jernstedt (s. Idg. Jb. 14, 151): to ῥήσσω `to throw (down)'; cf. the lit. on ἀνήρ.

Derivatives: A. With full grade: 1. ῥῆγμα ( ἔκ-, σύν-) n. `tore, cleft, breach' (IA.) with ῥηγματίης, - τώδης (Hp.); 2. ῥηγμός `id.' (pap. III^a); 3. ῥηγμίν (- μίς), - μῖνος f. `breaking down of a cart, breaking of the sea' (ep. Il.); ῑν-deriv.; cf. Chantraine Form. 168, Schwyzer 465; after Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 40 influenced by θῑν ( θίς); 4. ῥῆξις ( κατά-, περί- etc.), Aeol. Ϝρῆξις f. `breaking through, breach' (Alc., Hp., E., Arist.) with ῥηκτικός ( κατα-) `fragile, brittle' (Hp., Aët.); 5. ῥήκτης m. "the disruptor", des. of a certain form of earthquake (Arist., Lyd.); 6. Ϝρηγαλέον (cod. τρ-) διερρωγότα H.; cf. below B 4 and Leumann Hom. Wörter 273; 7. αὔρηκτος = ἄ-Ϝρηκτος `unbroken' (Hdn. Gr.). -- B. With ω-ablaut: 1. ῥώξ f. only ῥῶγας acc.pl. (χ 143) `tore' = `narrow passage' (cf.Wace JHSt. 71, 203ff., Bérard REGr. 67, 23ff.), further in prefixcompp., e.g. ἀπορρώξ `torn off', f. `torn off piece, outflow' (ep. poet. Il.); 2. διαρρωγή f. `gap, interspace' (Hp.); ῥωγαί ῥήξεις H.; 3. ῥωγάς, - άδος `torn up, cleft' (hell. poetry.); 4. ῥωγαλέος `torn up, full of holes' (Hom.); 5. ῥωγμή f. `breach, tore' (Hp., Arist.) with ῥωγματίης (Hp. ap. Gal.; cf. A 1); ῥωχμός m. `tore, cleft, gap' (Ψ 420, hell. ; \< - σμο-, Schwyzer 493), - μαί pl. `id.' (Marc. Sid.). -- C. With zero grade: 1. ῥαγή ( δια-), ῥαγάς, ῥάγδην, ῥαγδαῖος s. ῥαγή; 2. ῥάγος n. `rag, shred' (pap. II<sup>p</sup>), ῥαγόεις (Nic.) after ῥάκος (s.v.), - όεις; 3. περιρραγ-ής `broken around' (AP; from περι-ρραγῆναι).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1182] *wreh₁ǵ- `break'

Etymology: With ῥήγνυμι \< *Ϝρήγνυμι (cf. Ϝρῆξις, Ϝρηγαλέος) agrees semant. exactly primary Arm. ergic-anem, aor. ergic-i with the usu. caus. ergic-uc̣anem `tear apart, break'. Also phonetically they agree well except the stemvowel, as Arm. ergic-anem prop. requires an IE diphthong (u̯reiǵ-) against Gr. ῥηγ- \< u̯rēg-. If the regular phonetic development was not disturbed by one or other derailment, what would hardly suprise with a verb of this meaning, the verbs must be seprated; cf. Frisk Etyma Armen. 29 (with another hypothesis on ergicanem). Phonetically doubtful but semant. less convincing is the comparison (since Meillet MSL 9, 142) with a Balto-Slav. verb for `beat etc.' in Lith. rė́žti `cut, incise, beat', OCS rězati ' κόπτειν', Russ. rézatь `cut, slaughter' usw., to which also a.o. Russ. razítь `beat'; cf. on ῥάσσω w. lit.; older lit. in Bq and WP. 1, 319 a. 2, 344. The forms with ῥαγ- must be secondary (as *u̯r̥h₁ǵ- would give Ϝρηγ-).

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