-
41 speak
§ (spoke, spoken) ლაპარაკი, საუბარი§1 (spoke, spoken) ლაპარაკი (ლაპარაკობს)●●we couldn't make him speak ხმა ვერ ამოვაღებინეთdon't speak until you're spoken to სანამ რა მოგმართავენ, ჩუმად იყავი!she was so frightened that she could not speak ისე შეეშინდა, რომ ენა ჩუვარდა2 სიტყვით გამოსვლა3 მეტყველება (მეტყველებს)●●that speaks well of him ეს მას კარგად ახასიათებს●●properly speaking სიმართლე რომ ვთქვათ // კაცმა რომ თქვასto speak ill of smb. ვისიმე ცუდად ხსენებაhe always speaks his mind ყოველთვის იმას ამბობს, რასაც ფიქრობსfrankly speaking, I didn't like your joke სიმართლე რომ გითხრა, შენი ხუმრობა არ მომეწონაI was daunted by the idea of speaking to him მასთან დალაპარაკების აზრი მაშინებდაhe spoke with a twang ცხვირში ლაპარაკობდა, დუდღუნებდა●●she spoke of you in very flattering terms ძალიან გაქოbroadly speaking... ზოდადად/საერთოდ რომ ვთქვათ -
42 fit
I noun1) Anfall, der2) (fig.) [plötzliche] Anwandlunghave or throw a fit — einen Anfall bekommen
[almost] have or throw a fit — (fig.) [fast] Zustände kriegen (ugs.)
II 1. adjectivesomebody/something has somebody in fits [of laughter] — jemand ruft dröhnendes Gelächter bei jemandem hervor
1) (suitable) geeignetfit to eat or to be eaten/for human consumption — essbar/zum Verzehr geeignet
2) (worthy) würdig; wert3) (right and proper) richtig4) (ready)2. nounfit for duty or service — dienstfähig od. -tauglich; see also academic.ru/27073/fiddle">fiddle 1. 1)
Passform, dieit is a good/bad fit — es sitzt od. passt gut/nicht gut
3. transitive verb,I can just get it in the suitcase, but it's a tight fit — (fig.) ich kriege es noch in den Koffer, aber nur gerade so (ugs.)
- tt-1) [Kleider:] passen (+ Dat.); [Schlüssel:] passen in (+ Akk.); [Deckel, Bezug:] passen auf (+ Akk.)2) anpassen [Kleidungsstück, Brille]3) (correspond to, suit) entsprechen (+ Dat.); (make correspond) abstimmen (to auf + Akk.); anpassen (to an + Akk.)4) (put into place) anbringen (to an + Dat. od. Akk.); einbauen [Motor, Ersatzteil]; einsetzen [Scheibe, Tür, Schloss]; (equip) ausstatten4. intransitive verb,fit well — [Kleidungsstück:] gut sitzen
Phrasal Verbs:- fit in- fit out* * *I 1. [fit] adjective1) (in good health: I am feeling very fit.) in Form2. noun(the right size or shape for a particular person, purpose etc: Your dress is a very good fit.) der Sitz3. verbpast tense, past participle fitted -)1) (to be the right size or shape (for someone or something): The coat fits (you) very well.) passen2) (to be suitable for: Her speech fitted the occasion.) passen für•- fitness- fitter
- fitting 4. noun1) (something, eg a piece of furniture, which is fixed, especially in a house etc: kitchen fittings.) die Einrichtung2) (the trying-on of a dress etc and altering to make it fit: I am having a fitting for my wedding-dress tomorrow.) die Anprobe•- fit in- fit out
- see/think fit II [fit] noun1) (a sudden attack of illness, especially epilepsy: She suffers from fits.) der Anfall2) (something which happens as suddenly as this: a fit of laughter/coughing.) der Ausbruch•* * *fit1[fɪt]nepileptic \fit epileptischer Anfallcoughing \fit Hustenanfall m4. (burst)\fit of laughter Lachkrampf mto get the audience in \fits das Publikum zum Lachen bringenin a \fit of generosity in einer Anwandlung von Großzügigkeit6.fit2[fɪt]I. adj<- tt->1. (suitable) geeignetthey served a meal \fit for a king sie trugen ein königliches Mahl aufto be \fit for human consumption zum Verzehr geeignet seinto be \fit for human habitation bewohnbar seinto be no \fit way to do sth kein geeigneter [o tauglicher] Weg sein, etw zu tunto be \fit to eat essbar [o genießbar] sein2. (qualified) geeignet3. (up to) fähigshe's not \fit for this responsibility sie ist dieser Verantwortung nicht gewachsento be \fit for military service/the tropics wehrdienst-/tropentauglich sein▪ to be [not] \fit to do sth nicht fähig [o in der Lage] sein, etw zu tunto be \fit to travel reisetauglich seinto be \fit to work arbeitsfähig sein4. (appropriate) angebrachtto do what one sees [or thinks] \fit tun, was man für richtig hält5. (worthy) würdigto be not \fit to be seen sich akk nicht sehen lassen können6. (ready, prepared) bereit▪ to be \fit to do sth nahe daran sein, etw zu tunto be \fit to drop zum Umfallen müde sein7. (healthy) fitto keep \fit sich akk fit halten9.▶ to be [as] \fit as a fiddle [or BRIT also flea] ( fam: merry) quietschvergnügt sein fam; (healthy) fit wie ein Turnschuh sein fambad/good/perfect \fit schlechter/guter/tadelloser Sitzthese shoes are a good \fit diese Schuhe passen gutIII. vthe should \fit the sales job perfectly er müsste die Verkäuferstelle perfekt ausfüllenthe punishment should always \fit the crime die Strafe sollte immer dem Vergehen angemessen seinthe key \fits the lock der Schlüssel passt ins Schlossthe description \fitted the criminal die Beschreibung passte auf den Täterto \fit sb's plans in jds Pläne passenhe had to \fit his plans to the circumstances er musste sich mit seinen Plänen nach den Gegebenheiten richten4. FASHION▪ to \fit sb jdm passen5. (mount)▪ to \fit sth etw montierento \fit a bulb eine Glühbirne einschrauben6. (shape as required)▪ to \fit sth etw anpassen7. (position as required)▪ to \fit sth etw einpassen8. (supply)9.▶ to \fit the bill seinen Zweck erfüllenIV. vito \fit like a glove wie angegossen passen [o sitzen]2. (accord) facts übereinstimmen, zusammenpassenhow do you \fit into all this? was für eine Rolle spielen Sie in dem Ganzen?4.* * *I [fɪt]1. adj (+er)1) (= suitable, suited for sth) geeignet; time, occasion günstigis this meat still fit to eat? — kann man dieses Fleisch noch essen?
she's not fit to be a mother — sie ist als Mutter völlig ungeeignet
2)(= deserving)
a man like that is not fit to have such a good wife — ein Mann wie er verdient so eine gute Frau nicht or ist eine so gute Frau nicht wertyou're not fit to be spoken to — du bist es nicht wert or verdienst es nicht, dass man sich mit dir unterhält
3) (= right and proper) richtig, angebrachtto see fit to do sth — es für richtig or angebracht halten, etw zu tun
he did not see fit to cooperate — er hat es nicht für nötig gehalten zu kooperieren
4) (in health) gesund; sportsman etc fit, in Formonly the fittest survive — nur die Geeignetsten überleben; (people) nur die Gesunden überleben; (in business etc) nur die Starken können sich halten
5)2. n(of clothes) Passform fit is a very good/bad fit — es sitzt or passt wie angegossen/nicht gut
it's a bit of a tight fit (clothes) — es ist etwas eng; (timing, parking) es geht gerade (noch)
3. vt1) (cover, sheet, nut etc) passen auf (+acc); (key etc) passen in (+acc); (clothes etc) passen (+dat)"one size fits all" — "Einheitsgröße"
3)4) (= put on, attach) anbringen (to an +dat); tyre, lock montieren, anbringen; double glazing einsetzen, anbringen; (= put in) einbauen (in in +acc); (= furnish, provide with) ausstattento fit a key in the lock — einen Schlüssel ins Schloss stecken
to fit a car with an alarm — eine Alarmanlage in ein Auto einbauen, ein Auto mit einer Alarmanlage ausstatten
4. vi1) (= be right size, shape dress etc, key) passen2) (= correspond) zusammenstimmen or -passenII Anfall mthere's still one piece of evidence that doesn't fit — da ist immer noch ein Indiz, das nicht dazupasst
fit of coughing/anger — Husten-/Wutanfall m
fit of remorse — Anwandlung f or Anfall m von Reue
he wrote this novel in fits and starts — er hat diesen Roman in mehreren Anläufen geschrieben
he'd have a fit (fig inf) — er würde (ja) einen Anfall kriegen (inf)
* * *fit1 [fıt]A adj (adv fitly)1. passend, geeignet2. geeignet, fähig, tauglich:fit for transport transportfähig;fit for work arbeits-, erwerbsfähig;fit to drink trinkbar;fit to eat ess-, genießbar;fit to drive fahrtüchtig;fit to fight (Boxen) kampffähig;I was fit to scream ich hätte schreien können;fit to kill umg wie verrückt;dressed fit to kill umg mächtig aufgedonnert;3. angemessen, angebracht:more than (is) fit über Gebühr4. schicklich, geziemend:it is not fit for us to do so es gehört sich oder ziemt sich nicht, dass wir dies tun5. würdig, wert:a dinner fit for a king ein königliches Mahl;not fit to be seen nicht vorzeigbar oder präsentabel6. a) gesundb) SPORT etc fit, (gut) in Form:B s1. a) Passform f, Sitz mb) passendes Kleidungsstück:it is a perfect fit es passt genau, es sitzt tadellos;it is a tight fit es sitzt stramm, fig es ist sehr knapp bemessen2. TECH Passung f, Sitz m:fine (coarse) fit Fein-(Grob)passung;sliding fit Gleitsitz3. Zusammenpassen n, Übereinstimmung fC v/twith mit)the key fits the lock der Schlüssel passt (ins Schloss);the description fits him, he fits the description die Beschreibung trifft auf ihn zu;the name fits him der Name passt zu ihm;fit the facts (mit den Tatsachen überein)stimmen;fit the occasion (Redew) dem Anlass entsprechend5. sich eignen für8. TECHa) einpassen, -bauen ( beide:into in akk)b) anbringen (to an dat)9. a) an jemandem Maß nehmenfit a coat on sb jemandem einen Mantel anpassenD v/i1. passen:a) die richtige Größe haben, sitzen (Kleidungsstück)b) angemessen seinc) sich eignen: I didn’t say you were a fool, but if the cap (bes US shoe) fits (wear it) aber wenn du meinst oder dich angesprochen fühlst(, bitte)fit2 [fıt] s1. MED Anfall m, Ausbruch m:fit of coughing Hustenanfall;fit of laughter Lachkrampf m;fit of perspiration Schweißausbruch;give sb a fit umga) jemandem einen Schock verpassen,b) jemanden auf die Palme bringen;fit of generosity Anwandlung von Großzügigkeit, Spendierlaune umg;a) stoß-, ruckweise,b) dann und wann, sporadisch;when the fit was on him wenn es ihn gepackt hattefit3 [fıt] s obs Fitte f, Liedabschnitt m* * *I noun1) Anfall, derfit of coughing — Hustenanfall, der
2) (fig.) [plötzliche] Anwandlunghave or throw a fit — einen Anfall bekommen
[almost] have or throw a fit — (fig.) [fast] Zustände kriegen (ugs.)
II 1. adjectivesomebody/something has somebody in fits [of laughter] — jemand ruft dröhnendes Gelächter bei jemandem hervor
1) (suitable) geeignetfit to eat or to be eaten/for human consumption — essbar/zum Verzehr geeignet
2) (worthy) würdig; wert3) (right and proper) richtigsee or think fit [to do something] — es für richtig od. angebracht halten[, etwas zu tun]
4) (ready)2. nounfit for duty or service — dienstfähig od. -tauglich; see also fiddle 1. 1)
Passform, dieit is a good/bad fit — es sitzt od. passt gut/nicht gut
3. transitive verb,I can just get it in the suitcase, but it's a tight fit — (fig.) ich kriege es noch in den Koffer, aber nur gerade so (ugs.)
- tt-1) [Kleider:] passen (+ Dat.); [Schlüssel:] passen in (+ Akk.); [Deckel, Bezug:] passen auf (+ Akk.)2) anpassen [Kleidungsstück, Brille]3) (correspond to, suit) entsprechen (+ Dat.); (make correspond) abstimmen (to auf + Akk.); anpassen (to an + Akk.)4) (put into place) anbringen (to an + Dat. od. Akk.); einbauen [Motor, Ersatzteil]; einsetzen [Scheibe, Tür, Schloss]; (equip) ausstatten4. intransitive verb,fit well — [Kleidungsstück:] gut sitzen
Phrasal Verbs:- fit in- fit out* * *adj.erledigt adj.geeignet adj.tauglich adj. n.Anfall -¨e m.Passung -en f.Sitz -e m. v.anprobieren v.montieren v.passen v. -
43 speak
[spi:k]past tense - spoke; verb1) (to say (words) or talk: He can't speak; He spoke a few words to us.) govoriti2) ((often with to or (American) with) to talk or converse: Can I speak to/with you for a moment?; We spoke for hours about it.) govoriti z3) (to (be able to) talk in (a language): She speaks Russian.) govoriti4) (to tell or make known (one's thoughts, the truth etc): I always speak my mind.) povedati5) (to make a speech, address an audience: The Prime Minister spoke on unemployment.) govoriti•- speaker- speaking
- spoken
- - spoken
- generally speaking
- speak for itself/themselves
- speak out
- speak up
- to speak of* * *[spi:k]1.intransitive verbgovoriti, besediti; imeti govor; pogovarjati se (with, to z; about, of o); izraziti se; music (o glasbilih) dati glas od sebe, slišati se, zadoneti; dati se čutiti; (o portretu) biti kot živ; nautical signalizirati, dati znak; British English dati glas, oglasiti se (o psu);2.transitive verb(iz)reči, izgovoriti, povedati, govoriti (kaj); izražati, izjaviti, najaviti; dokazovati, pričati, potrditi, pokazati; nautical poklicati (ladjo)generally (strictly) speaking — splošno (točno, strogo) povedano (vzeto)roughly speaking — v grobem (približno, grosso modo) povedanonot to speak of... — da (niti) ne govorimo o...nothing to speak of — nič važnega, ni vredno niti omembeto speak back — (nazaj) odgovarjati (na očitke ipd.)to speak by the book — govoriti z rokopisa, čitati (govor), govoriti s točnim poznavanjemto speak bluntly — naravnost, brez ovinkov govoritito speak by the card — z veliko natančnostjo govoriti, biti precizento speak in s.o.'s cast — prekiniti kogato speak comfort to... — imeti tolažilne besede za...my dog speaks only when I order him — moj pes zalaja le, če mu ukažemto speak in s.o.'s ear — komu (kaj) prišepniti na uho, skrivaj govoriti s komto speak for s.o. — govoriti komu v korist, reči dobro besedo za kogathat speaks for itself — to govori samo za sebe, tega ni treba (še) pojasnjevati (priporočati)I found nobody to speak to — nikogar nisem našel, da bi z njim govorilto speak by hearsay — govoriti, kar smo od drugih slišalithis speaks a man of honour — to kaže (izdaja) človeka, ki ni brez častito your praise be it spoken... — v vašo pohvalo bodi povedano...you might as well speak to a stone figuratively prav tako bi lahko govoril stenito speak to — govoriti komu, potrditi kajI cannot speak to the truth of that — ne morem z gotovostjo reči (jamčiti), da je to resto speak volumes for — jasno (prepričljivo) govoriti za, pričati o, dokazovati (kaj)who is speaking? — (pri telefonu) kdo je pri aparatu?, kdo govori (tam)? -
44 turn
1. noun1)it's your turn [next] — du bist als nächster/nächste dran (ugs.) od. an der Reihe
wait one's turn — warten, bis man an der Reihe ist
your turn will come — du kommst auch [noch] an die Reihe
he gave it to her, and she in turn passed it on to me — er gab es ihr, und sie wiederum reichte es an mich weiter
out of turn — (before or after one's turn) außer der Reihe; (fig.) an der falschen Stelle [lachen]
excuse me if I'm talking out of turn — (fig.) entschuldige, wenn ich etwas Unpassendes sage
take [it in] turns — sich abwechseln
take turns at doing something, take it in turns to do something — etwas abwechselnd tun
2) (rotary motion) Drehung, diegive the handle a turn — den Griff [herum]drehen
[done] to a turn — genau richtig [zubereitet]
3) (change of direction) Wende, dietake a turn to the right/left, do or make or take a right/left turn — nach rechts/links abbiegen
‘no left/right turn’ — "links/rechts abbiegen verboten!"
the turn of the year/century — die Jahres-/Jahrhundertwende
take a favourable turn — (fig.) sich zum Guten wenden
4) (deflection) Biegung, dieat every turn — (fig.) (con- z stantly) ständig
6) (short performance on stage etc.) Nummer, die7) (change of tide)turn of the tide — Gezeitenwechsel, der
8) (character)be of a mechanical/speculative turn — technisch begabt sein/einen Hang zum Spekulativen haben
10) (form of expression)an elegant turn of speech/phrase — eine elegante Ausdrucksweise
11) (service)do somebody a good/bad turn — jemandem einen guten/schlechten Dienst erweisen
one good turn deserves another — (prov.) hilfst du mir, so helf ich dir
12) (coll.): (fright)2. transitive verbturn the tap — am Wasserhahn drehen
turn the key in the lock — den Schlüssel im Schloss herumdrehen
2) (reverse) umdrehen; wenden [Pfannkuchen, Matratze, Auto, Heu, Teppich]; umgraben [Erde]turn something upside down or on its head — (lit. or fig.) etwas auf den Kopf stellen
turn something inside out — etwas nach außen stülpen od. drehen
3) (give new direction to) drehen, wenden [Kopf]turn a hose/gun on somebody/something — einen Schlauch/ein Gewehr auf jemanden/etwas richten
turn one's attention/mind to something — sich/seine Gedanken einer Sache (Dat.) zuwenden
turn one's thoughts to a subject — sich [in Gedanken] mit einem Thema beschäftigen
turn a car into a road — [mit einem Auto] in eine Straße einbiegen
turn the tide [of something] — [bei etwas] den Ausschlag geben
4) (send)turn somebody loose on somebody/something — jemanden auf jemanden/etwas loslassen
turn somebody from one's door/off one's land — jemanden von seiner Tür/von seinem Land verjagen
5) (cause to become) verwandelnthe cigarette smoke has turned the walls yellow — der Zigarettenrauch hat die Wände vergilben lassen
turn a play/book into a film — ein Theaterstück/Buch verfilmen
7)8)turn somebody's head — (make conceited) jemandem zu Kopf steigen
9) (shape in lathe) drechseln [Holz]; drehen [Metall]10) drehen [Pirouette]; schlagen [Rad, Purzelbaum]11) (reach the age of)turn 40 — 40 [Jahre alt] werden
12)3. intransitive verbit's just turned 12 o'clock/quarter past 4 — es ist gerade 12 Uhr/viertel nach vier vorbei
1) (revolve) sich drehen; [Wasserhahn, Schlüssel:] sich drehen lassenthe earth turns on its axis — die Erde dreht sich um ihre Achse
2) (reverse direction) [Person:] sich herumdrehen; [Auto:] wenden3) (take new direction) sich wenden; (turn round) sich umdrehenhis thoughts/attention turned to her — er wandte ihr seine Gedanken/Aufmerksamkeit zu
left/right turn! — (Mil.) links/rechts um!
turn into a road/away from the river — in eine Straße einbiegen/vom Fluss abbiegen
turn to the left — nach links abbiegen/[Schiff, Flugzeug:] abdrehen
turn up/down a street — in eine Straße einbiegen
when the tide turns — wenn die Ebbe/Flut kommt
not know where or which way to turn — (fig.) keinen Ausweg [mehr] wissen
my luck has turned — (fig.) mein Glück hat sich gewendet
4) (become) werdenturn traitor/statesman/Muslim — zum Verräter/zum Staatsmann/Moslem werden
turn [in]to something — zu etwas werden; (be transformed) sich in etwas (Akk.) verwandeln
her face turned green — sie wurde [ganz] grün im Gesicht
6) (become sour) [Milch:] sauer werden7)Phrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/77106/turn_about">turn about- turn against- turn away- turn back- turn down- turn in- turn off- turn on- turn out- turn over- turn round- turn to- turn up- turn upon* * *[tə:n] 1. verb1) (to (make something) move or go round; to revolve: The wheels turned; He turned the handle.) (sich) drehen2) (to face or go in another direction: He turned and walked away; She turned towards him.) sich (um-) drehen3) (to change direction: The road turned to the left.) eine Biegung machen5) (to go round: They turned the corner.) biegen um6) (to (cause something to) become or change to: You can't turn lead into gold; At what temperature does water turn into ice?) (sich) verwandeln7) (to (cause to) change colour to: Her hair turned white; The shock turned his hair white.) werden (lassen)2. noun1) (an act of turning: He gave the handle a turn.) die Drehung2) (a winding or coil: There are eighty turns of wire on this aerial.) die Windung3) ((also turning) a point where one can change direction, eg where one road joins another: Take the third turn(ing) on/to the left.) die Abzweigung4) (one's chance or duty (to do, have etc something shared by several people): It's your turn to choose a record; You'll have to wait your turn in the bathroom.) die Reihe5) (one of a series of short circus or variety acts, or the person or persons who perform it: The show opened with a comedy turn.) die Programmnummer•- turning-point- turnover
- turnstile
- turntable
- turn-up
- by turns
- do someone a good turn
- do a good turn
- in turn
- by turns
- out of turn
- speak out of turn
- take a turn for the better
- worse
- take turns
- turn a blind eye
- turn against
- turn away
- turn back
- turn down
- turn in
- turn loose
- turn off
- turn on
- turn out
- turn over
- turn up* * *[tɜ:n, AM tɜ:rn]I. NOUNgive the screw a couple of \turns drehen Sie die Schraube einige Male umto give the handle a \turn den Griff [herum]drehen“no left/right \turn” „Links/Rechts abbiegen verboten“the path had many twists and \turns der Pfad wand und schlängelte sich dahin; ( fig)the novel has many twists and \turns of plot die Handlung des Romans ist total verwickelt fam; ( fig)things took an ugly turn die Sache nahm eine üble Wendung; ( fig)I find the \turn of events most unsatisfactory ich mag nicht, wie sich die Dinge gerade entwickelnto make a \turn abbiegento make a wrong \turn falsch abbiegento make a \turn to port/starboard NAUT nach Backbord/Steuerbord abdrehento take a \turn [to the left/right] [nach links/rechts] abbiegento take a \turn for the better/worse ( fig) sich zum Besseren/Schlechteren wenden [o SCHWEIZ meist kehren]to take a new \turn eine [ganz] neue Wendung nehmen3. (changing point)the \turn of the century die Jahrhundertwendeat the \turn of the century zur Jahrhundertwendeat the \turn of the 19th century Anfang des 19. Jahrhundertsthe \turn of the tide der Gezeitenwechselthe tide was on the \turn die Flut/Ebbe setzte gerade ein; ( fig)4. (allotted time)it's my \turn now! jetzt bin ich an der Reihe [o fam dran]!it's Jill's \turn next Jill kommt als Nächste dranit's your \turn to take out the rubbish du bist dran, den Abfall runter zu bringenyour \turn will come! du kommst schon auch noch dran! fam; (in desperate situations) du wirst auch noch zum Zuge kommen! famwhose \turn is it? wer ist dran?I want everyone to take their \turn nicely without any fighting ich will, dass ihr euch schön abwechselt, ohne Streitereienyou can have a \turn at the computer now Sie können jetzt den Computer benutzento do sth in \turn [or by \turns] etw abwechselnd tunto miss a \turn eine Runde aussetzento take a \turn at the wheel für eine Weile das Steuer übernehmento wait one's \turn warten, bis man an der Reihe ist▪ in \turn wiederumshe told Peter and he in \turn told me sie hat es Peter erzählt und er wiederum hat es dann mir erzählthe's all sweet and cold in \turns [or by turn[s]] er ist abwechselnd total nett und dann wieder total kalt fam5. ([dis]service)to do sb a good/bad \turn jdm einen guten/schlechten Dienst erweisento do a good \turn eine gute Tat tunto give sb a \turn jdm einen gehörigen Schrecken einjagenshe was having one of her \turns sie hatte wieder einmal einen ihrer Anfälleto do comic \turns Sketche aufführento perform a \turn eine Nummer aufführen9. (not appropriate)▪ out of \turn:what you've just said was completely out of \turn was du da gerade gesagt hast, war wirklich völlig unpassendsorry, have I been talking out of \turn? tut mir leid, habe ich was Falsches gesagt?he really was speaking out of \turn es war völlig unangebracht, dass er sich dazu äußerte10. (character)to be of a humorous \turn eine Frohnatur seinto have a logical \turn of mind ein logischer Mensch seinto take a \turn [in the park] eine [kleine] Runde [durch den Park] drehen13. (expression well put together)a nice [or elegant] [or good] \turn of phrase elegante Ausdrucksweise; (wording) elegante Formulierungto have a nice \turn of phrase sich akk sehr gut ausdrücken können14. (purpose)to serve sb's \turn jdm dienenthat'll serve my \turn das ist gerade genau das Richtige für michjobber's \turn Courtage f17. (cooked perfectly)to be done [or cooked] to a \turn food gut durch[gebraten] sein▪ the \turn AM bei Texas Hold 'Em (Pokerspiel): die vierte Karte, die alle Spieler zugeteilt bekommen19.▶ to fight at every \turn mit aller Macht kämpfen▶ to be on the \turn sich akk wandeln; milk einen Stich haben, sauer sein SCHWEIZ; leaves gelb werden▶ a \turn of the screw eine weitere Verschärfung [einer Maßnahme]the raising of their rent was another \turn of the screw in the landlord's attempt to get them evicted die Mieterhöhung war ein weiterer Versuch, ihnen Daumenschrauben anzulegen und sie allmählich aus der Wohnung zu drängenII. TRANSITIVE VERB1. (rotate, cause to rotate)▪ to \turn sth knob, screw etw drehenhe \turned the key quietly in the lock er drehte den Schlüssel vorsichtig im Schloss umshe \turned the wheel sharply sie riss das Steuer herum2. (switch direction)▪ to \turn sth:he \turned his head in surprise überrascht wendete er den Kopfmy mother can still \turn heads nach meiner Mutter drehen sich die Männer noch immer umthe little girl just \turned her back to her das kleine Mädchen wandte ihr einfach den Rücken zushe \turned the chair to the window so that she could look outside sie drehte den Stuhl zum Fenster, sodass sie hinausschauen konnteto \turn one's car into a road [in eine Straße] abbiegento \turn round the corner um die Ecke biegento \turn the course of history den Gang der Geschichte [ver]ändernto \turn one's eyes towards sb jdn anblickenhe \turned somersaults in his joy er machte vor Freude Luftsprünge3. (aim)▪ to \turn sth on sb lamp, hose etw auf jdn richtenshe \turned her full anger onto him ihr ganzer Zorn richtete sich gegen ihnthe stranger \turned a hostile stare on him der Fremde warf ihm einen feindseligen Blick zuto \turn a gun on sb ein Gewehr auf jdn richten4. (sprain)to \turn one's ankle sich dat den Knöchel verrenken▪ to \turn sb/sth sth:the shock \turned her hair grey overnight durch den Schock wurde sie über Nacht grauthe cigarette smoke had \turned the walls grey durch den Zigarettenrauch waren die Wände ganz grau gewordenthe hot weather has \turned the milk sour durch die Hitze ist die Milch sauer gewordenthe news \turned her pale als sie die Nachricht hörte, wurde sie ganz bleichhis comment \turned her angry sein Kommentar verärgerte sie6. (cause to feel nauseous)to \turn sb's stomach jdn den Magen umdrehenthe smell \turned her stomach bei dem Gestank drehte sich ihr der Magen um7. (change)the wizard \turned the ungrateful prince into a frog der Zauberer verwandelte den undankbaren Prinzen in einen Froschto \turn a book into a film ein Buch verfilmento \turn sth into German/English etw ins Deutsche/Englische übertragento \turn the light[s] low das Licht dämpfen8. (reverse)to \turn the page umblättern9. (gain)to \turn a profit einen Gewinn machen10. (send)to \turn a dog on sb einen Hund auf jdn hetzento \turn sb loose on sth jdn auf etw akk loslassento be \turned loose losgelassen werden akk11. (stop sb)13.▶ to be able to \turn one's hand to anything ein Händchen für alles habenit is time for you to \turn your back on childish pursuits es wird langsam Zeit, dass du deine kindischen Spiele hinter dir lässt▶ to not \turn a hair keine Miene verziehenwithout \turning a hair... ohne auch nur mit der Wimper zu zucken▶ to \turn sb's head jdm den Kopf verdrehen▶ sth has \turned sb's head etw ist jdm zu Kopf[e] gestiegen▶ to \turn sth on its head etw [vollkommen] auf den Kopf stellen▶ to know how to \turn a compliment wissen, wie man Komplimente macht▶ to \turn a phrase sprachgewandt sein▶ to \turn the spotlight on sb/sth die [allgemeine] Aufmerksamkeit auf jdn/etw lenken▶ to \turn tail and run auf der Stelle kehrtmachen und die Flucht ergreifen▶ to \turn sth upside down [or inside out] etw gründlich durchsuchen; room etw auf den Kopf stellen famIII. INTRANSITIVE VERBthis tap won't \turn dieser Hahn lässt sich nicht drehenthe ballerina \turned on her toes die Ballerina drehte auf den Zehenspitzen Pirouettenthe chickens were being \turned on a spit die Hähnchen wurden auf einem Spieß gedrehtthe earth \turns on its axis die Erde dreht sich um ihre Achse2. (switch the direction faced) person sich akk umdrehen; car wenden, SCHWEIZ meist kehren; (in bend) abbiegen; wind drehen; ( fig) SCHWEIZ meist kehren; ( fig) sich akk wendenshe \turned onto the highway sie bog auf die Autobahn abshe \turned into a little street sie bog in ein Sträßchen einheads still \turn when she walks along die Männer schauen ihr noch immer nachwhen the tide \turns (high tide) wenn die Flut kommt; (low tide) wenn es Ebbe wird; ( fig) wenn sich das Blatt wendet [o SCHWEIZ meist kehrt]the path down the mountain twisted and \turned der Pfad schlängelte sich den Berghang hinabto \turn on one's heel auf dem Absatz kehrtmachen\turn right! rechts um!▪ to \turn towards sb/sth sich akk zu jdm/etw umdrehen; (turn attention to) sich akk jdm/etw zuwendenplants \turn toward the light Pflanzen wenden sich dem Licht zuhe has no one to \turn to er hat niemanden, an den er sich wenden kannhe \turned to me for help er wandte sich an mich und bat um HilfeI don't know which way to \turn ich weiß keinen Ausweg mehrto \turn to drink sich akk in den Alkohol flüchtento \turn to God sich akk Gott zuwendento \turn to sb for money jdn um Geld bittenhis mood \turned quite nasty er wurde richtig schlecht gelaunthis face \turned green er wurde ganz grün im Gesicht fammy hair is \turning grey! ich kriege graue Haare!the friendship between the two neighbours \turned sour das freundschaftliche Verhältnis zwischen den beiden Nachbarn kühlte sich erheblich abmy luck has \turned das Blatt hat sich gewandtto \turn informer/traitor zum Informanten/zur Informantin/zum Verräter/zur Verräterin werdento \turn Muslim Muslim werdento \turn cold/warm/pale kalt/warm/blass werdento \turn red person, traffic lights rot werdenthe frog \turned into a handsome prince der Frosch verwandelte sich in einen schönen Prinzenhe \turned from a sweet boy into a sullen brat aus dem süßen kleinen Jungen wurde ein mürrischer Flegelall this \turned into a nightmare das alles ist zum Albtraum gewordenwhen there's a full moon, he \turns into a werewolf bei Vollmond verwandelt er sich in einen Werwolfmy thoughts \turned to him and his family meine Gedanken gingen an ihn und seine Familie6. (attain particular age)to \turn 20/40 20/40 werden7. (pass particular hour)it had already \turned eleven es war schon kurz nach elfit has just \turned past five o'clock es ist gerade fünf vorbeijust as it \turned midnight... genau um Mitternacht...8. (make feel sick)my stomach \turned at the grisly sight bei dem grässlichen Anblick drehte sich mir der Magen umthis smell makes my stomach \turn bei diesem Geruch dreht sich mir der Magen um9.▶ to \turn on a dime AM auf der Stelle kehrt machen▶ to \turn tattle-tail AM ( usu childspeak fam) petzen fam, SCHWEIZ a. rätschen fam, ÖSTERR a. tratschen fam* * *turn1 [tɜːn; US tɜrn]A s1. Drehung f:give sth a turn (two turns) etwas (zweimal) drehen;2. Turnus m, Reihe(nfolge) f:turn (and turn) about reihum, abwechselnd, wechselweise;she was laughing and crying by turns sie lachte und weinte abwechselnd;a) der Reihe nach,b) dann wieder;in his turn seinerseits;speak out of turn fig unpassende Bemerkungen machen;I hope I haven’t spoken out of turn ich habe doch nichts Falsches gesagt?;now it is my turn jetzt bin ich dran oder an der Reihe;then it was my turn to be astonished dann war ich erstaunt;whose turn is it to do the dishes? wer ist mit dem Abspülen dran?;my turn will come fig meine Zeit kommt auch noch, ich komme schon noch dran;take turns sich abwechseln (at bei);we took turns at driving auch wir fuhren abwechselnd;take one’s turn handeln, wenn die Reihe an einen kommt;wait your turn warte, bis du an der Reihe oder dran bist!3. Drehen n, Wendung f:turn to the left Linkswendung4. Wendepunkt m (auch fig)5. a) Biegung f, Kurve f, Kehre fat every turn ständig, überall6. SPORTat the turn an oder bei der Wende,d) Eis-, Rollkunstlauf: Kehre f, Kurve f8. Wendung f:a) Umkehr f:b) Richtung f, (Ver)Lauf m:take a turn for the better (worse) sich bessern (sich verschlimmern);take an interesting turn eine interessante Wendung nehmen (Gespräch etc),c) (Glücks-, Zeiten- etc)Wende f, Wechsel m, Umschwung m:a turn in one’s luck eine Glücks- oder Schicksalswende;turn of the century Jahrhundertwende;10. (Arbeits)Schicht f11. Tour f, (einzelne) Windung (einer Bandage, eines Kabels etc)12. (kurzer) Spaziergang, Runde f:take a turn einen Spaziergang machen13. kurze Fahrt, Spritztour f14. SCHIFF Törn m15. (Rede)Wendung f, Formulierung f16. Form f, Gestalt f, Beschaffenheit f17. Art f, Charakter m:18. (for, to) Neigung f, Hang m, Talent n (zu), Sinn m (für):practical turn praktische Veranlagung;have a turn for languages sprachbegabt sein;be of a humorous turn Sinn für Humor haben19. a) (ungewöhnliche oder unerwartete) Tatb) Dienst m, Gefallen m:one good turn deserves another (Sprichwort) eine Liebe ist der anderen wert20. (kurze) Beschäftigung:take a turn at sth es kurz mit etwas versuchen21. MEDa) Taumel m, Schwindel mb) Anfall m22. umg Schock m, Schrecken m:give sb (quite) a turn jemanden (ganz schön) erschrecken23. Zweck m:this will serve your turn das wird dir nützlich sein;this won’t serve my turn damit ist mir nicht gedient25. MUS Doppelschlag m26. THEAT besonders Br (Programm)Nummer f27. MIL (Kehrt)Wendung f, Schwenkung f:left (right) turn! Br links-(rechts)um!;about turn! Br ganze Abteilung kehrt!28. TYPO Fliegenkopf m (umgedrehter Buchstabe)B v/t1. (im Kreis oder um eine Achse) drehen2. einen Schlüssel, eine Schraube etc, auch einen Patienten (um-, herum)drehen4. ein Blatt, eine Buchseite umdrehen, -wenden, -blättern:turn the page umblättern7. zuwenden, -drehen, -kehren ( alle:to dat)8. den Blick, die Kamera, seine Schritte etc wenden, auch seine Gedanken, sein Verlangen richten, lenken ( alle:against gegen;on auf akk;toward[s] auf akk, nach):turn the hose on the fire den Schlauch auf das Feuer richten;9. a) um-, ab-, weglenken, -leiten, -wenden:turn a shot round the post SPORT einen Schuss um den Pfosten drehen,b) ein Geschoss etc abwenden, abhalten12. das Gesprächsthema wechseln13. a) eine Waage etc zum Ausschlagen bringenb) fig ausschlaggebend sein bei:turn a firm into a joint-stock company eine Firma in eine Aktiengesellschaft umwandeln;turn into cash flüssigmachen, zu Geld machen;turn one’s superiority into goals SPORT seine Überlegenheit in Tore ummünzen15. machen, werden lassen ( beide:into zu):a) bes US jemanden krank machen,b) jemandem Übelkeit verursachen;it turned her pale es ließ sie erblassen17. die Blätter, das Laub verfärbeninto Italian ins Italienische)20. MILa) umgehen, umfassenb) die feindliche Flanke etc aufrollen22. TECHa) drehenb) Holzwaren drechselnc) Glas marbeln, rollen23. auch fig formen, gestalten, (kunstvoll) bilden, Komplimente, Verse etc drechseln:a well-turned ankle ein wohlgeformtes Fußgelenk;24. WIRTSCH verdienen, umsetzen25. eine Messerschneide etca) um-, verbiegenb) stumpf machen:27. turn loosea) freilassen,b) einen Hund etc loslassen (on auf akk)C v/i1. sich drehen (lassen), sich (im Kreis) (herum)drehen (Rad etc)3. umdrehen, -wenden, besonders (in einem Buch) (um)blättern5. sich (stehend, liegend etc) (um-, herum)drehen: → grave1 1b) FLUG, AUTO kurven, eine Kurve machenturn right nach rechts abbiegen;I don’t know which way to turn fig ich weiß nicht, was ich machen soll8. eine Biegung machen (Straße, Wasserlauf etc)on auf akk)11. sich umdrehen:a) sich um 180° drehenb) zurückschauen12. sich umdrehen oder umwenden (lassen), sich umstülpen:my umbrella turned inside out mein Regenschirm stülpte sich um;my stomach turned at this sight, this sight made my stomach turn bei diesem Anblick drehte sich mir der Magen um13. my head is turning mir dreht sich alles im Kopf;his head turned with the success der Erfolg stieg ihm zu Kopf15. blass, kalt etc werden:turn blue blau anlaufen;turn (sour) sauer werden (Milch);turn traitor zum Verräter werden16. sich verfärben (Blätter, Laub)turn2 [tɜrn] v/i SPORT US turnen* * *1. noun1)it is somebody's turn to do something — jemand ist an der Reihe, etwas zu tun
it's your turn [next] — du bist als nächster/nächste dran (ugs.) od. an der Reihe
wait one's turn — warten, bis man an der Reihe ist
your turn will come — du kommst auch [noch] an die Reihe
he gave it to her, and she in turn passed it on to me — er gab es ihr, und sie wiederum reichte es an mich weiter
out of turn — (before or after one's turn) außer der Reihe; (fig.) an der falschen Stelle [lachen]
excuse me if I'm talking out of turn — (fig.) entschuldige, wenn ich etwas Unpassendes sage
take [it in] turns — sich abwechseln
take turns at doing something, take it in turns to do something — etwas abwechselnd tun
2) (rotary motion) Drehung, diegive the handle a turn — den Griff [herum]drehen
[done] to a turn — genau richtig [zubereitet]
3) (change of direction) Wende, dietake a turn to the right/left, do or make or take a right/left turn — nach rechts/links abbiegen
‘no left/right turn’ — "links/rechts abbiegen verboten!"
the turn of the year/century — die Jahres-/Jahrhundertwende
take a favourable turn — (fig.) sich zum Guten wenden
4) (deflection) Biegung, dieat every turn — (fig.) (con- z stantly) ständig
6) (short performance on stage etc.) Nummer, dieturn of the tide — Gezeitenwechsel, der
8) (character)be of a mechanical/speculative turn — technisch begabt sein/einen Hang zum Spekulativen haben
an elegant turn of speech/phrase — eine elegante Ausdrucksweise
11) (service)do somebody a good/bad turn — jemandem einen guten/schlechten Dienst erweisen
one good turn deserves another — (prov.) hilfst du mir, so helf ich dir
12) (coll.): (fright)2. transitive verb1) (make revolve) drehen2) (reverse) umdrehen; wenden [Pfannkuchen, Matratze, Auto, Heu, Teppich]; umgraben [Erde]turn something upside down or on its head — (lit. or fig.) etwas auf den Kopf stellen
turn something inside out — etwas nach außen stülpen od. drehen
3) (give new direction to) drehen, wenden [Kopf]turn a hose/gun on somebody/something — einen Schlauch/ein Gewehr auf jemanden/etwas richten
turn one's attention/mind to something — sich/seine Gedanken einer Sache (Dat.) zuwenden
turn one's thoughts to a subject — sich [in Gedanken] mit einem Thema beschäftigen
turn a car into a road — [mit einem Auto] in eine Straße einbiegen
turn the tide [of something] — [bei etwas] den Ausschlag geben
4) (send)turn somebody loose on somebody/something — jemanden auf jemanden/etwas loslassen
turn somebody from one's door/off one's land — jemanden von seiner Tür/von seinem Land verjagen
5) (cause to become) verwandelnthe cigarette smoke has turned the walls yellow — der Zigarettenrauch hat die Wände vergilben lassen
turn a play/book into a film — ein Theaterstück/Buch verfilmen
6) (make sour) sauer werden lassen [Milch]7)8)turn somebody's head — (make conceited) jemandem zu Kopf steigen
9) (shape in lathe) drechseln [Holz]; drehen [Metall]10) drehen [Pirouette]; schlagen [Rad, Purzelbaum]turn 40 — 40 [Jahre alt] werden
12)3. intransitive verbit's just turned 12 o'clock/quarter past 4 — es ist gerade 12 Uhr/viertel nach vier vorbei
1) (revolve) sich drehen; [Wasserhahn, Schlüssel:] sich drehen lassen2) (reverse direction) [Person:] sich herumdrehen; [Auto:] wenden3) (take new direction) sich wenden; (turn round) sich umdrehenhis thoughts/attention turned to her — er wandte ihr seine Gedanken/Aufmerksamkeit zu
left/right turn! — (Mil.) links/rechts um!
turn into a road/away from the river — in eine Straße einbiegen/vom Fluss abbiegen
turn to the left — nach links abbiegen/[Schiff, Flugzeug:] abdrehen
turn up/down a street — in eine Straße einbiegen
when the tide turns — wenn die Ebbe/Flut kommt
not know where or which way to turn — (fig.) keinen Ausweg [mehr] wissen
my luck has turned — (fig.) mein Glück hat sich gewendet
4) (become) werdenturn traitor/statesman/Muslim — zum Verräter/zum Staatsmann/Moslem werden
turn [in]to something — zu etwas werden; (be transformed) sich in etwas (Akk.) verwandeln
her face turned green — sie wurde [ganz] grün im Gesicht
5) (change colour) [Laub:] sich [ver]färben6) (become sour) [Milch:] sauer werden7)Phrasal Verbs:- turn in- turn off- turn on- turn out- turn to- turn up* * *(over) v.wenden v.(§ p.,pp.: wandte (wendete), gewandt (gewendet)) (round) to face (look at)someone expr.= jemandem das Gesicht zuwenden ausdr. v.drehen v.rotieren v.umwenden v. n.Drehbewegung f.Drehung -en f.Umdrehung f.Wendung -en f. -
45 out of
preposition1) (from within) ausfall out of something — aus etwas [heraus]fallen
2) (not within)be out of the country — im Ausland sein
be out of town/the room — nicht in der Stadt/im Zimmer sein
feel out of it or things — sich ausgeschlossen od. nicht dazu gehörig fühlen
I'm glad to be out of it — ich bin froh, dass ich die Sache hinter mir habe
be out of the tournament — aus dem Turnier ausgeschieden sein
3) (from among)pick one out of the pile — einen/eine/eins aus dem Stapel herausgreifen
eighth out of ten — als Achter von zehn Teilnehmern usw.
4) (beyond range of) außer [Reich-/Hörweite, Sicht, Kontrolle]5) (from) ausdo well out of somebody/something — von jemandem/etwas profitieren
6) (owing to) aus [Mitleid, Furcht, Neugier usw.]7) (without)out of work — ohne Arbeit; arbeitslos
8) (by use of) ausmake a profit out of something — mit etwas ein Geschäft machen
9) (away from) von... entfernt* * *1) (from inside: He took it out of the bag.) heraus2) (not in: Mr Smith is out of the office; out of danger; out of sight.) außer Hauses3) (from among: Four out of five people like this song.) von4) (having none left: She is quite out of breath.) außer5) (because of: He did it out of curiosity/spite.) aus6) (from: He drank the lemonade straight out of the bottle.) aus* * *\out of bed/hospital/prison aus dem Bett/Krankenhaus/Gefängnis\out of the door zur Tür hinausshe's \out of the office sie ist nicht an ihrem [Arbeits]platz [o nicht im Büro]10 km \out of London 10 km außerhalb von London, 10 km von London entfernt\out of the country im Ausland, außer Landes veraltend\out of town nicht in der Stadtfrom \out of town nicht von hier, fremd hier, aus einer anderen Gegend3. (taken from)buy a house \out of the inheritance kauf dir ein Haus von [o mit Geld aus] der Erbschafthe copied his essay straight \out of a textbook er schrieb seinen Aufsatz wörtlich aus einem Lehrbuch abdon't expect too much \out of life man sollte nicht zu viel vom Leben erwartenthey didn't make a dime \out of that deal sie haben bei dem Geschäft keinen Pfennig verdient\out of one's pocket aus der eigenen Tasche▪ \out of doing sth:she gets a lot of joy \out of working with children es macht [o bereitet] ihr große Freude, mit Kindern zu arbeitenthey get a lot of fun \out of practising dangerous sports das Betreiben gefährlicher Sportarten macht ihnen einen Riesenspaßhe's \out of the team er ist aus der Mannschaft ausgeschiedenI'm glad to be \out of it ich bin froh, dass ich es hinter mir habe [o ich damit nichts mehr zu tun habe]that's \out of the question! das kommt überhaupt nicht infrage!to get \out of the habit es sich dat abgewöhnenI've got \out of the habit of cycling to work ich fahre nicht mehr mit dem Fahrrad zur Arbeit\out of the race aus dem Rennento talk sb \out of sth etw jdm ausredenhe talked her \out of going back to smoking er redete es ihr aus, als sie wieder mit dem Rauchen anfangen wollteto get a secret \out of sb jdm ein Geheimnis entlockenmade \out of wood aus Holz [hergestellt]\out of jealousy/spite aus Eifersucht/Boshaftigkeit9. (of total)nine times \out of ten neun von zehn Malenone \out of every five jede/jeder/jedes Fünftethird \out of five Dritte(r, s) von fünfno one got 20 \out of 20 niemand bekam alle 20 Punkte▪ to be \out of sth kein/keine/keinen etw [mehr] habenhe was \out of money er stand ohne Geld dayou're \out of time Ihre Zeit ist um [o abgelaufen]they had run \out of cash sie hatten kein Bargeld mehr, ihnen war das Bargeld ausgegangenshe was finally \out of patience schließlich riss ihr der Geduldsfadenthey were \out of gas sie hatten kein Benzin mehr, ihnen war das Benzin ausgegangenI'm sorry sir, we're \out of the salmon tut mir leid, der Lachs ist uns ausgegangen [o fam ist aus][all] \out of breath [völlig] außer Atemto be \out of a job seine Stelle verloren habento be \out of luck kein Glück [mehr] habento be \out of work ohne Arbeit [o arbeitslos] sein11. (beyond)he's been \out of touch with his family er hat keinen Kontakt mehr zu seiner Familie\out of bounds außerhalb des Spielfeldes\out of control außer Kontrollethe situation is \out of our control die Lage entzieht sich unserer Kontrolle\out of danger außer [Lebens]gefahr\out of focus unscharf\out of order außer Betrieb\out of [firing] range außer Schussweite\out of reach außer Reichweite\out of season außerhalb der Saisonbaseball is \out of season es ist nicht Baseballsaisondeer are \out of season Hirsche haben Schonzeit\out of sight/earshot außer Sicht[weite]/Hörweite\out of the way aus dem Wegget \out of the way! aus dem Weg!, mach Platz!to be [a bit] \out of sb's way ein [kleiner] Umweg für jdn seinto go \out of one's way to do sth einen Umweg machen, um etw zu tunshe went \out of her way to get the work handed in on time sie gab sich ganz besondere Mühe, um die Arbeit rechtzeitig abzugeben12. (sheltered from)to get \out of the rain/the summer heat dem Regen/der sommerlichen Hitze entrinnen13. (not aware)\out of fashion [or style] aus der Modeyou're really \out of touch with the music scene du hast keine Ahnung, was auf der Musikszene angesagt istshe's really \out of touch with reality sie hat jeglichen Bezug zur Realität verloren14.▶ to get \out of hand außer Kontrolle geratenyou can't be completely \out of it! du musst doch irgendwas davon mitgekriegt haben!; AM (drowsy) nicht ganz da; (drunk) besoffen sl; (drugged) benebelt, high euph sl▶ \out of line unangebracht▶ to be \out of one's mind [or head] den Verstand verloren haben [müssen]he was \out of his mind with jealousy er war völlig verrückt [o drehte völlig durch] vor Eifersucht▶ \out of place fehl am Platz* * *prep1) (= outside, away from) (position) nicht in (+dat), außerhalb (+gen); (motion) aus (+dat); (fig) außer (+dat)to go/be out of the country — außer Landes gehen/sein
he went out of the door —
as soon as he was out of the door — sobald er draußen war or zur Tür hinaus war
to look out of the window — aus dem Fenster sehen, zum Fenster hinaussehen
out of danger/sight — außer Gefahr/Sicht
get out of my sight! — geh mir aus den Augen!
he feels out of it (inf) — er kommt sich (dat) ausgeschlossen vor, er fühlt sich ausgeschlossen
three days out of port — drei Tage nach dem Auslaufen aus dem Hafen/vor dem Einlaufen in den Hafen
you're well out of it (inf) — so ist es besser für dich
3) (indicating origins or source) aus (+dat)made out of silver —
a filly out of the same mare — ein Fohlen nt von derselben Stute
4) (= from among) von (+dat)5)(= without)
out of breath — außer Atemwe are out of money/bread — wir haben kein Geld/Brot mehr, das Geld/Brot ist alle (inf)
* * *preposition1) (from within) ausfall out of something — aus etwas [heraus]fallen
2) (not within)be out of town/the room — nicht in der Stadt/im Zimmer sein
feel out of it or things — sich ausgeschlossen od. nicht dazu gehörig fühlen
I'm glad to be out of it — ich bin froh, dass ich die Sache hinter mir habe
3) (from among)pick one out of the pile — einen/eine/eins aus dem Stapel herausgreifen
4) (beyond range of) außer [Reich-/Hörweite, Sicht, Kontrolle]5) (from) ausdo well out of somebody/something — von jemandem/etwas profitieren
6) (owing to) aus [Mitleid, Furcht, Neugier usw.]7) (without)out of work — ohne Arbeit; arbeitslos
8) (by use of) aus9) (away from) von... entfernt -
46 away
ə'wei1) (to or at a distance from the person speaking or the person or thing spoken about: He lives three miles away (from the town); Go away!; Take it away!) a; lejos2) (in the opposite direction: She turned away so that he would not see her tears.) hacia el otro lado, para otra parte3) ((gradually) into nothing: The noise died away.) por completo4) (continuously: They worked away until dark.) sin pausa5) ((of a football match etc) not on the home ground: The team is playing away this weekend; (also adjective) an away match.) fuera, en otro sitioaway adv1. lejosis it far away? ¿está lejos?2. fuera / ausenteMr. Benn's away today el Sr. Benn está fuera hoy3. fuera de casaour team is playing away today hoy nuestro equipo juega fuera de casa away también combina con muchos verbos, aquí tienes algunos ejemplosto go away irse / marcharsetr[ə'weɪ]1 lejos, fuera, alejándose■ she left the gas on and the milk boiled away dejó el gas encendido y la leche hirvió hasta evaporarse4 (in sport) en campo contrario\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be away estar fuera 2 (from school) estar ausenteto go away irse, marcharseto put away guardarto run away irse corriendoaway [ə'weɪ] adv1) : de aquígo away!: ¡fuera de aquí!, ¡vete!2) : de distancia10 miles away: 10 millas de distancia, queda a 10 millas3)far away : lejos, a lo lejos4)right away : en seguida, ahora mismo5)to be away : estar ausente, estar de viaje6)to give away : regalar (una posesión), revelar (un secreto)7)to go away : irse, largarse8)to put away : guardar9)to turn away : volver la caraaway adj1) absent: ausenteaway for the week: ausente por la semana2)away game : partido m que se juega fueraadj.• ausente adj.• distante adj.adv.• fuera adv.• lejos adv.ə'weɪ1)a) (from place, person)b) ( indicating removal)the bark had been stripped away — habían quitado la corteza; see also blow, take, wash, wipe away
2)a) ( in the distance)b) ( absent)I'll be away all next week — toda la semana que viene no voy a estar or voy a estar fuera
c) ( Sport esp BrE)to play away — jugar* fuera (de casa)
3) ( on one's way)we were away before sunrise — partimos or salimos antes del amanecer
4) ( continuously)5)a) ( into nothing) see die, fade, waste awayb) ( indicating use of time)6)a) ( in opposite direction to)b) (at a distance, separated from) lejos de[ǝ'weɪ] When away is an element in a phrasal verb, eg boil away, die away, get away, look up the verb.1. ADV1) (=at or to a distance)far away, a long way away — lejos
•
away back in 1066 — allá en 10662) (=absent)to be away — estar fuera, estar ausente
to be away (from home) — estar fuera, estar ausente
•
I must away — liter or hum tengo que marcharme•
away with you! * — (=go away!) ¡vete!, ¡fuera de aquí!; (expressing disbelief) ¡venga ya!, ¡anda ya!; (joking) ¡no digas bobadas!away with him! — ¡fuera!, ¡que se lo lleven de aquí!
3) (Sport) fuera (de casa)•
to play away — (Sport) jugar fuera•
Chelsea are away to Everton on Saturday — el Chelsea juega fuera, en campo del Everton, el sábado4) after vb (=continuously) sin pararto talk away — no parar de hablar, seguir hablando
to work away — seguir trabajando, trabajar sin parar
he was working away in the garden — estaba dale que te pego en el jardín, estaba trabajando sin parar en el jardín
2.ADJaway match — partido m fuera de casa
3.CPDaway day N — (for training etc) día de entrenamiento para un grupo de empleados, que normalmente tiene lugar fuera de la oficina
away game — (Sport) partido m fuera de casa
away goal N — (Sport) gol m marcado fuera de casa
away match N — = away game
* * *[ə'weɪ]1)a) (from place, person)b) ( indicating removal)the bark had been stripped away — habían quitado la corteza; see also blow, take, wash, wipe away
2)a) ( in the distance)b) ( absent)I'll be away all next week — toda la semana que viene no voy a estar or voy a estar fuera
c) ( Sport esp BrE)to play away — jugar* fuera (de casa)
3) ( on one's way)we were away before sunrise — partimos or salimos antes del amanecer
4) ( continuously)5)a) ( into nothing) see die, fade, waste awayb) ( indicating use of time)6)a) ( in opposite direction to)b) (at a distance, separated from) lejos de -
47 carry
'kæri1) (to take from one place etc to another: She carried the child over the river; Flies carry disease.) bære2) (to go from one place to another: Sound carries better over water.) bære, nå, rekke, kunne høres3) (to support: These stone columns carry the weight of the whole building.) bære4) (to have or hold: This job carries great responsibility.) ha, bære med seg, medføre5) (to approve (a bill etc) by a majority of votes: The parliamentary bill was carried by forty-two votes.) bli vedtatt6) (to hold (oneself) in a certain way: He carries himself like a soldier.) føre seg•((slang) a fuss; excited behaviour.)
leven, bråk- carry-cot((of bags or cases) that passengers can carry with them on board a plane.)
hånd-(bagasje)
- be/get carried away
- carry forward
- carry off
- carry on
- carry out
- carry weightbæreIsubst. \/ˈkærɪ\/1) ( golf) slaglengde2) ( militærvesen) skuddvidde, rekkevidde3) bæring, transport4) (amer., historisk) forklaring: rute mellom to navigerbare vannveier der båter eller gods måtte bæres5) (spesielt amer.) forklaring: det å bære noe på seg, spesielt våpen6) (amer. fotball) det å løpe med ballenIIverb \/ˈkærɪ\/1) bære2) bære på (seg), ha med seg, ha på seg, gå (rundt) med, ha, være utstyrt med3) (frem)bringe, overbringe, fremføre, komme med (brev, nyhet e.l.)4) frakte, transportere5) ( sjøfart) gå med, seile med, ha som last6) ( overført) bære (på)7) ha plass til, romme, ta, laste, inneholde, bestå av8) ( også overført) føre, lede, ta, bringe9) (om avis, radio, TV) kringkaste, publisere10) (om vann, lyd e.l.) lede, føre11) tåle transport, kunne transporteres12) bære, støtte, holde oppe13) ta ansvar, ta skyld, bære ansvar14) (om lyd, stemme) bære, nå, rekke15) kunne fø (buskap, befolkning), holde kreatur16) drive gjennom (kandidatur)17) (amer., valg) seire i, vinne19) medføre, innebære, føre med seg, involvere, innbefatte20) utvide, videreføre, fortsette, la (noe) gå22) (golf, cricket) slå ballen over en viss lengde23) avle, produsere, gi avling25) ( om graviditet) gå med, vente26) tåle (alkohol)27) ( om skytevåpen) skytebalance (to be) carried forward ( regnskap) føres i ny regning, utgående saldobe carried away oppildne seg, hisse seg opp bli overivrig, miste besinnelsen, miste kontrollenbe carried away by rives med av, begeistres av, betas av, løpe av medcarry a joke too far drive en spøk for langtcarry all before one slå ned all motstand gjennomføre alt ha stor fremgangcarry along with overbevise, få med segcarry arms bære våpencarry away bære (bort), føre (bort) rive med seg, rive bort ( overført) henføre, rive med seg (sjøfart, om vind, bølger) brekke, knekke, revne, rive med, skylle over bord stikke av med, dra avgårde medcarry back føre tilbake i tiden, hensettecarry conviction være overbevisendecarry far nå langt ( om lyd også) kunne høres langtcarry forward overføre ( regnskap) transportere, overførecarry gold være gullførendecarry high\/well ( om hest) ha høy hodeføring, ha fin hodeføringcarrying capacity lasteevne, lastekapasitet bæreevne, bærekapasitetcarry in one's head ha i mente, huskecarry interest gi rentecarry it off (well) klare seg bra, ta noe bra, ta noe med fatningcarry off bære vekk, føre vekk, rive bort dra av gårde med, vinne, stikke av med ( om sykdom) drepe, ta livet av klare, beherske, lykkes med, gjennomførecarry on (konversasjon, forhandlinger) føre praktisere, bedrive, dyrke, forestå, utøve ( brevveksling e.l.) opprettholde fortsette, gå videre ( også carry on with) fortsette med, fullføre, videreføre ( hverdagslig) skape seg, opptre, herje, holde på, lage bråkcarry one ( ved subtraksjon) lånecarry oneself føre seg oppføre segcarry oneself well ha god holdning, være rank (i ryggen)carry on with somebody ( hverdagslig) ha et forhold til noen, stå i med noencarry out utføre, gjennomføre, fullføre, iverksette, fullbyrde, oppfylle (løfte)carry over føre over, ta over, lokke over, få over ( handel) overføre, balansere ( børs) prolongere ( regnskap) transportere videreføre, bevare, beholde hjelpe, bidracarry over into ( også) tillempecarry something into effect sette noe ut i livet, iverksette noecarry the can (britisk, hverdagslig) ta ansvaret for en feil eller ugjerningcarry the day vinne slaget, gå av med seierencarry the sense of ha betydningen, betycarry through gjennomføre, sluttføredrive gjennom hjelpe gjennomcarry weight ha innflytelse være viktigthat won't carry you far det kommer du ikke langt med, det klarer du deg ikke lenge på2 up and carry 3 ( matematikk) 2 opp og 3 i mente -
48 be
bi: гл.
1) иметь место как факт, существовать, случаться а) существовать как факт в объективной реальности быть;
быть живым, жить Tyrants and sycophants have been and are. ≈ Тираны и стукачи были и есть. So much that was not is beginning to be. ≈ Так много из того, чего раньше не было, входит в нашу жизнь. б) в выражении there + личная форма от to be иметься, наличествовать There are photographs and photographs. ≈ Бывают фотографии и фотографии. в) возникать, происходить, случаться, быть совершаемым Be it as it may. ≈ Как бы там ни было. When is the wedding to be? ≈ На когда намечена свадьба, когда будет свадьба? The flower-show was last week. ≈ На прошлой неделе была выставка цветов. г) иметь место( о совокупности условий), являться Being they are Church-men, we may rather suspect... ≈ Имея в виду, что они священники, можно подозревать... д) сохраняться в предыдущем состоянии, не меняться, продолжать быть, как раньше Let me be! ≈ Оставьте меня в покое( оставьте меня, как я есть) ! You have been rather long about it. ≈ Вы слишком много времени на это потратили (вы находились слишком долго в процессе производства этого дела)
2) с наречием или предложным оборотом, обозначающим какое-л. обстоятельство а) занимать какое-л. место, положение;
принимать какую-л. позу или позицию;
находиться в каком-л. состоянии You are just where you was. ≈ Вы все там же. Again the love-fit is on him. ≈ Он снова влюбился (он снова в состоянии любви) Your book is here, under the table. ≈ Да вот твоя книжка, под столом. б) отправляться куда-л., находиться где-л. с целью что-л. сделать;
с последующим инфинитивом I was this morning to buy silk for a nightcap. ≈ Мне этим утром было нужно сходить купить шелка на ночную шапочку. I had been to see Irving that night. ≈ Я в ту ночь был в гостях у Ирвинга. have been and gone and done в) находиться в таких-то обстоятельствах, в таком-то настроении или положении Proposals that have been under deliberation. ≈ Предложения, которые рассматривались. Content to be and to be well. ≈ Он доволен, что жив, и что у него все неплохо. г) принадлежать кому-л., относиться к чему-л Well is him that hath found prudence. ≈ Благо тому, кто стал благоразумен.
3) роль связки в составном сказуемом а) занимать место на определенной шкале, иметь один из набора некоторых признаков I am weary, weary, I would that I were dead. ≈ Я такая измученная, такая измученная, я бы лучше умерла. He was of Memphis. ≈ Он был из Мемфиса. Only by being man can we know man. ≈ Только будучи людьми мы можем познать человека. б) быть известным под таким-то именем, быть кем-л., обозначаемым как-л. Let thinking be reasoning. ≈ Будем считать, что мышление это разъяснение. State is me. ≈ Государство это я. в) означать, значить;
быть эквивалентным чему-л. To fall was to die. ≈ Упасть означало умереть. I'll tell you what it is, you must leave. ≈ Я тебе скажу, в чем дело - тебе уходить пора. г) иметь значение, быть значимым;
заботить, беспокоить Is it nothing to you, all ye that pass by? ≈ Что же, те, кто идет мимо, ничто для тебя?
4) с причастиями и инфинитивами;
служит вспомогательным глаголом и образует аналитические временные формы а) с причастием прошедшего времени;
для переходных глаголов образует пассив, для непереходных - времена перфектной серии The political aspect of the subject has not been approached. ≈ Политический аспект проблемы до сих пор не рассматривался. Therefore I am returned. ≈ И поэтому я вернулся. His parents were grown old. ≈ Его родители состарились. б) с причастием настоящего времени;
образует времена серии continious, в залоге как активном, так и пассивном He was talking of you. ≈ Он говорил о тебе. We stayed there while our house was building. ≈ Мы жили там, пока строился наш дом (редко в современном языке из-за двусмысленности). A man who is being strangled. ≈ Человек, которого душат (в данный момент, или в любой другой момент, подаваемый рассказчиком как протекающий "сейчас") в) с инфинитивом, как активным, так и пассивным, в значении "положено, надо" They are not to compare with these. ≈ Эти не подлежат сравнению с теми. Not a Good Samaritan being to be found. ≈ И нельзя было отыскать ни одного "доброго самаритянина". г) с инфнитивом, в сослагательном наклонении If I were to propose, would you accept? ≈ Если бы я сделал тебе предложение, ты бы согласилась?
5) в выражениях типа Monday was one week (где вместо Monday может стоять любое указание на фиксированный момент времени, а вместо one week - любое указание на временной промежуток) такое-то время назад( личная форма глагола может быть также опущена) Did there come no young woman here Friday was a fortnight? ≈ Вы уверены, что две недели назад в пятницу сюда не приезжала некая девушка? I was in London Monday three weeks. ≈ Я приехал в Лондон в понедельник три недели назад. ∙ be better be best - be at - be forбыть, существовать - I think, therefore I am я мыслю, следовательно, я существую - the greatest genius that ever was величайший гений, который когда-либо существовал - to be no more (возвышенно) скончаться, умереть;
прекратить существование - Troy is no more Трои больше не существует - to be, or not to be - that is the question (Shakespeare) быть или не быть, вот в чем вопрос быть, находиться;
присутствовать;
пребывать - he will be here all the year он будет (находиться) здесь весь год - is he often in town? часто ли он бывает в городе? - I was before you in the queue я стоял перед вами в очереди - the horse was below in the hold лошадь поместили в трюме - he was at the ceremony он присутствовал на церемонии - the key is in the lock ключ( находится) в замке - I'll be down in a minute я сейчас спущусь - output is considerably below last year's level выпуск продукции намного ниже прошлогоднего /значительно ниже прошлогоднего, значительно упал по сравнению с прошлогодним/ быть, оставаться - don't be long! не задерживайся!, приходи скорее! - what a time you have been! как ты долго! - he was a long time reaching the shore ему понадобилось много времени, чтобы достичь берега происходить, случаться, совершаться - it was yesterday это было /произошло, случилось, состоялось/ вчера - when is the wedding to be? когда должна состояться /будет/ свадьба? - the New Year is on Sunday this time в этот раз Новый год приходится /падает/ на воскресенье - how is that you were there? как получилось, что вы оказались там? равняться, составлять - twice two is four дважды два - четыре - let x be ten предположим, (что) x равняется десяти (разговорное) стоить - how much is it? сколько это стоит? - what are these shoes? сколько стоят эти ботинки? - this book is five shillings эта книга стоит пять шиллингов значить, стоить - it is nothing to me мне это ничего не стоит, для меня это ничего не составляет /не значит/ - what is all that to me? что мне все это? какое мне до этого дело? (возвышенно) сопутствовать( в восклицательных предложениях как пожелание) - success (be) to your efforts! желаю успеха в ваших начинаниях!, да сопутствует вам удача! - victory be yours! желаю (вам) победы! there is имеется, есть - there are many English books in our library в нашей библиотеке (имеется) много английских книг - there is plenty of time времени вполне достаточно, еще есть масса времени - there are no roads дорог нет - there will be dancing будут танцы - there was once an old man... жил-был однажды старик... to have been посещать, бывать - has he been to London? он бывал в Лондоне? - I've been there! я там был!;
(разговорное) это мне известно! to have been (разговорное) заходить, быть - has anyone been? кто-нибудь заходил?, был кто-нибудь? - has the post been? была ли почта? to be at smth. (разговорное) намереваться сделать или сказать что-л. - I don't understand what exactly he is at я не понимаю, что именно он хочет сказать - what would you be at? каковы ваши намерения? to be at smth. (разговорное) нападать, набрасываться на что-л. - the mice are at the cheese again мыши опять добрались до сыра to be at smth.(разг) брать без спроса - he's been at my shaving things again он опять брал (без спроса) мои бритвенные принадлежности to be at smb. (разговорное) приставать к кому-л. - she's always at me она всегда меня пилит to be above smth. /doing smth./ быть выше чего-л., не опускаться до чего-л. - to be above suspicion быть выше /вне/ подозрений - to be above criticism быть выше всякой критики, быть безупречным - he is above reproach его не за что упрекнуть - he is above such matters он такими делами не занимается, он до такого( дела) не унизится - he is above taking bribes брать взятки - ниже его достоинства to be beneath smth., smb. быть ниже чего-л., кого-л. - to be beneath contempt не заслуживать (даже) презрения - it is beneath you /your dignity/ это ниже вашего достоинства to be beyond smth., smb. быть за пределами чего-л., возможностей кого-л. - his behaviour is beyond my endurance я не могу больше терпеть его поведение - he is not beyond redemption он еще может исправиться - this is beyond a joke это уже не шутка - it was beyond expectation такого нельзя было ожидать, на такое нельзя было надеяться - I am beyond caring мне уже все равно - what you say is beyond me мне совершенно непонятно то, что ты говоришь to be abreast of smth. быть в курсе чего-л. - he is abreast of developments in his field он в курсе последних достижений в своей области to be after smth. преследовать, пытаться поймать кого-л. - the police were after him полиция преследовала его to be after smth. покушаться на что-л., стремиться завладеть чем-л. - he's after my job он метит на мое место - he's after her money он охотится за ее деньгами to be about to do smth. собираться, намереваться сделать что-л. - he was about to send for you он собирался послать за вами - she was about to speak, but changed her mind она хотела было заговорить, но передумала to be against smth. противоречить чему-л., идти вразрез с чем-л. - lying is against my principles не в моих правилах врать to be for smth. стоять или быть за - who is for going home? кто за то, чтобы идти домой? to be for some place отправляться, ехать куда-л. - are you for Bristol? вы едете в Бристоль? to be on smb. (разговорное) быть оплаченным кем-л. - put your money away, it's on me убери деньги, я угощаю - the drinks are on the house хозяин( бара, ресторана и т. п.) угощает - the tickets are on me я плачу за билеты to be on smb. внезапно наступить, подоспеть( о праздниках, выборах и т. п.) - the wet season was on us неожиданно на нас обрушился сезон дождей - Christmas was on us наступило рождество to be on smth. входить в состав, быть членом (комиссии и т. п.) - he is on the board он входит в состав правления to be on smb., smth. быть поставленным на кого-л., что-л. - my money is on this horse я поставил на эту лошадь to be up to smth. замышлять, затевать что-л. - the boys are up to smth. мальчики что-то затевают - he is up to no good он затевает что-то скверное, от него хорошего не жди to be up to smth. быть осведомленным о чем-л. - the police must be up to all the dodges полиции должно быть известно обо всех уловках not to be up to (doing) smth. не быть в состоянии сделать что-л., не справиться с чем-л. - I am not up to going to the theatre tonight я не в состоянии пойти сегодня вечером в театр - he is not up to his job он не справляется со своей работой - he is not up to his father as a scholar как ученый он значительно уступает (своему) отцу to be up to smb. быть возложенным на кого-л. (об ответственности) ;
зависеть от кого-л. - it is up to him to decide от него зависит решение, он должен решить - it is up to you to choose вы выбираете /решаете/ - whether you learn or not is entirely up to you учиться или нет - твое дело to be up against smth., smb. столкнуться с чем-л., кем-л.;
встретить отпор - he's up against some real opposition он будет иметь дело с сильной оппозицией - he's up against it( разговорное) он столкнулся с большими трудностями to be up for smth. возникать, рассматриваться( о вопросе и т. п.) - to be up for review пересматриваться - to be up for debate обсуждаться, быть поставленным на обсуждение to be up for smth. рассматривать в суде, судить - he was up in court for this его за это судили to be up for smth. предназначаться к продаже - to be up for auction продаваться на аукционе /с молотка/ to be up for smth. быть выдвинутым кандидатом, быть претендентом - he's up for admission to the society at the next meeting его будут принимать в кружок на следующем собрании to be with smb. поддерживать кого-л. - we're with you all the way мы пойдем с тобой до конца - she is at one with her husband она заодно со (своим) мужем to be with smb. понимать, следить за тем, что говорят - are you still with me - or shall I go over it again? ты следишь за ходом моей мысли или мне повторить еще раз? to be with smb., smth. работать у кого-л., где-л. (по найму) - I'm with a shipping firm я работаю в транспортной фирме как глагол-связка: быть - he is a teacher он учитель - are they English? они англичане? - ten yards is a lot десять ярдов - это очень много - his is a fine house его дом чудесный, у него прекрасный дом - our task is to finish the work in time наша задача - вовремя кончить работу - she has been a mother to me она мне была вместо матери - she is twenty ей двадцать лет - today is the tenth сегодня десятое (число) - tomorrow is Friday завтра пятница - the wall is six foot high стена имеет шесть футов в высоту - what is it? что это?;
в чем дело? - to see things as they are видеть вещи такими, какие они есть - if I were you... если бы я был на вашем месте... - seeing is believing увидеть - (это) значит убедиться /поверить/ находиться в (каком-л.) состоянии;
чувствовать, ощущать( что-л.) - I am cold мне холодно - he is asleep он спит - he is glad он рад - he is absent он отсутствует - he is in trouble он попал в беду, у него неприятности - he is at work он работает - isn't he lucky? везет же ему! с последующим инфинитивом выражает долженствование, обусловленное договоренностью, планом - he is to come at six он должен прийти в шесть (часов) - he was to come at six он должен был прийти в шесть - he was to have come at six он должен был прийти в шесть (но не пришел) - when am I to come? когда мне приходить?, когда мне нужно прийти? - the house is to let дом сдается в аренду - he was never to see her again ему больше никогда не суждено было ее увидеть - it was not to be этому не суждено было сбыться /осуществиться/ - they are not to be trusted им нельзя доверять - such men are to be pitied rather than despised таких людей надо не презирать, а жалеть с последующим инфинитивом выражает возможность - he was nowhere to be found его нигде нельзя было найти /отыскать/ - not a cloud was to be seen не видно было ни облачка - how am I to get through all this work today? как я смогу справиться со всей этой работой сегодня? с последующим инфинитивом выражает намерение, желание( в условных предложениях) - if we are to come in time, we must start at once если мы хотим прийти вовремя6 нам надо сразу отправляться (устаревшее) в сочетании с p.p. глаголов to come, to fall, to sit, to run, to get и др. - winter was come зима наступила - the sun was risen солнце встало в сочетании с pres.p. служит для образования длительной формы - he was talking to his son at the time в тот момент он беседовал с сыном - he is working он (сейчас) работает - this question is being discussed этот вопрос сейчас обсуждается в сочетании с p.p. переходных и ряда непереходных глаголов служит для образования пассивной формы - this was made by my son это было сделано моим сыном - they will be punished они будут наказаны, из накажут - such questions are settled by the committee такие вопросы решаются комитетом - he was asked to come его попросили прийти - this book was much spoken of об этой книге много говорили > to be above one /one's head/ (разговорное) быть выше чьего-л. понимания > to be at it шалить, проказничать > the children are at it again дети опять принялись за свое > to be hard at it /at work/ (разговорное) быть очень занятым;
напряженно работать > they were hard at it /at work/ the whole night они работали изо всех сил всю ночь напролет > to be at one with smb. быть с кем-л. заодно > to be beside oneself with grief потерять голову от горя > to be beside oneself with rage выйти из себя, разгневаться > to be beside the point не иметь отношения (к данному вопросу, делу и т. п.) > for the time being пока > the manager for the time being временно исполняющий обязанности заведующего > somebody will be in for кому-то попадет /влетит, нагорит/ > far be it from me to do this я вовсе не собираюсь /я далек от того, чтобы/ делать это > be (that) as it may как бы то ни было;
пусть будет что будет > let it be! оставь это в покое!, пусть все остается как есть! > so be it да будет так, пусть так и будет > how are you? как вы поживаете?;
как вы себя чувствуете? > you never know where you are with him никогда не знаешь, что он может сделать /как он поступит, как себя с ним вести, чего от него ждать/ - be yourself!, be your age! не глупи!, не валяй дурака! - you've been and gone and done it! (сленг) ну и наделали вы дел!, ну и натворили же вы! - I'll be! (американизм) (сленг) вот те на!, господи боже мой!, ну и ну! (восклицание, выражающее удивление)~ происходить, случаться;
admission exams are once a year in autumn приемные испытания проводятся один раз в год осенью~ находиться;
бывать;
where are my books? где мои книги?;
are you often in town? часто ли вы бываете в городе?;
I have never been to the Caucasus я никогда не был на Кавказе~ about быть занятым( чем-л.) ~ about быть на ногах, встать ~ about собираться (c inf.) ;
he is about to go он собирается уходить~ at намереваться;
what would you be at? каковы ваши намерения?~ at law соблюдать закон law: ~ суд, судебный процесс;
to be at law( with smb.) быть в тяжбе (с кем-л.) ;
to go to law подать в суд;
начать судебный процесс~ away = be off ~ away отсутствовать~ back вернуться~ for отправляться в ~ for стоять (за кого-л., что-л.)to ~ going собираться (с inf. часто придает значение будущего времени) ;
the clock is going to strike часы сейчас будут бить~ in быть дома to ~ in (smb.) быть свойственным, характерным (для кого-л.) ;
it is not in him to do such a thing это не в его натуре, на него это непохоже ~ in поспеть( о фруктах) ~ in прийти, прибыть( о поезде, пароходе и т. п.) ;
наступить (о времени года) ~ in прийти к власти( о политической партии) ;
the labour candidate is in кандидат лейбористской партии прошел на выборах ~ in (on smth.) участвовать( в чем-л.)to ~ of (a group, class, etc.) быть одним из (группы, класса и т. п.) ;
they knew he was not of them они распознали в нем чужого~ away = be off ~ off уходить;
the train is off поезд ушел off: ~ указывает на удаление, отделение: I must be off я должен уходить;
off you go!, be off!, get off!, off with you! убирайтесь!;
уходите!~ on идти (о спектакле) ;
what is on at the Bolshoi Theatre today? что идет в Большом театре сегодня? ~ on происходить on: to be ~ (to smb.) напасть на след( кого-л.) to be ~ (to smb.) придираться к комулибо to be ~ (to smb.) раскусить( кого-л.) to be ~ (to smb.) связаться( с кем-л.) (по телефону и т. п.)to ~ oneself быть самим собой to ~ oneself прийтив себя~ out не быть дома, в комнате out: to be ~ быть без сознания, потерять сознание;
out and about поправившийся после болезни she is ~ for compliments она напрашивается на комплименты;
to be out( with smb.) быть (с кем-л.) в ссоре, не в ладах~ up встать, подняться ~ up закончиться ~ up (to smth.) замышлять (что-л.) ;
how are you? здравствуйте!, как вы поживаете? ~ up повыситься в цене ~ up произойтиto ~ going собираться (с inf. часто придает значение будущего времени) ;
the clock is going to strike часы сейчас будут бить~ в составном именном сказуемом является глаголом-связкой: he is a teacher он учитель;
I am cold мне холодно~ about собираться (c inf.) ;
he is about to go он собирается уходить~ как модальный глагол с последующим инфинитивом означает долженствование, возможность, намерение: I am to inform you я должен вас известить;
he is to be there now он должен быть там сейчас~ up (to smth.) замышлять (что-л.) ;
how are you? здравствуйте!, как вы поживаете? how: ~ are you? как поживаете?;
how about..? как насчет..?;
how about going for a walk? не пойти ли нам погулять?~ стоить;
how mush is it? сколько это стоит?~ в составном именном сказуемом является глаголом-связкой: he is a teacher он учитель;
I am cold мне холодно cold: ~ холодный;
to be (или to feel) cold зябнуть, мерзнуть;
I am cold мне холодно~ как вспомогательный глагол служит для образования длительной формы: I am reading я читаю~ как модальный глагол с последующим инфинитивом означает долженствование, возможность, намерение: I am to inform you я должен вас известить;
he is to be there now он должен быть там сейчас~ находиться;
бывать;
where are my books? где мои книги?;
are you often in town? часто ли вы бываете в городе?;
I have never been to the Caucasus я никогда не был на КавказеI've been there разг. все это уже известно;
you've been (and gone) and done it разг. = ну и наделали вы делto ~ in (smb.) быть свойственным, характерным (для кого-л.) ;
it is not in him to do such a thing это не в его натуре, на него это непохоже~ in прийти к власти( о политической партии) ;
the labour candidate is in кандидат лейбористской партии прошел на выборахto let ~ оставлять в покое~ как вспомогательный глагол служит для образования пассива: such questions are settled by the committee подобные вопросы разрешаются комитетомto ~ of (a group, class, etc.) быть одним из (группы, класса и т. п.) ;
they knew he was not of them они распознали в нем чужого~ off уходить;
the train is off поезд ушел train: the ~ is off поезд уже отошел;
to make the train поспеть на поезд~ on идти (о спектакле) ;
what is on at the Bolshoi Theatre today? что идет в Большом театре сегодня?~ at намереваться;
what would you be at? каковы ваши намерения?~ находиться;
бывать;
where are my books? где мои книги?;
are you often in town? часто ли вы бываете в городе?;
I have never been to the Caucasus я никогда не был на КавказеI've been there разг. все это уже известно;
you've been (and gone) and done it разг. = ну и наделали вы дел -
49 will
I 1.[wɪl]transitive verb, only in pres. will, neg. (coll.) won't [wəʊnt], past would [wʊd], neg. (coll.) wouldn't [wʊdnt]1) (consent to) wollenThey won't help me. Will/Would you? — Sie wollen mir nicht helfen. Bist du bereit?
you will help her, won't you? — du hilfst ihr doch od. du wirst ihr doch helfen, nicht wahr?
the car won't start — das Auto will nicht anspringen od. springt nicht an
will/would you pass the salt, please? — gibst du bitte mal das Salz rüber?/würdest du bitte mal das Salz rübergeben?
will/would you come in? — kommen Sie doch herein
now just listen, will you! — jetzt hör/hört gefälligst zu!
will you be quiet! — willst du/wollt ihr wohl ruhig sein!
2) (be accustomed to) pflegenhe will sit there hour after hour — er pflegt dort stundenlang zu sitzen; (emphatic)
children 'will make a noise — Kinder machen [eben] Lärm
..., as young people 'will —..., wie alle jungen Leute [es tun]
he 'will insist on doing it — er besteht unbedingt darauf, es zu tun
3) (wish) wollenwill you have some more cake? — möchtest od. willst du noch etwas Kuchen?
do as/what you will — mach, was du willst
call it what [ever] you will — nenn es, wie du willst
would to God that... — wollte Gott, dass...
4) (be able to)the box will hold 5 lb. of tea — in die Kiste gehen 5 Pfund Tee
2. auxiliary verb, forms asthe theatre will seat 800 — das Theater hat 800 Sitzplätze
I1) expr. simple future werdenthis time tomorrow he will be in Oxford — morgen um diese Zeit ist er in Oxford
one more cherry, and I will have eaten a pound — noch eine Kirsche und ich habe ein Pfund gegessen
2) expr. intentionI promise I won't do it again — ich verspreche, ich machs nicht noch mal
You won't do that, will you? - Oh yes, I will! — Du machst es doch nicht, oder? - Doch[, ich machs]!
3) in conditional clauseif he tried, he would succeed — wenn er es versuchen würde, würde er es schaffen
he would like/would have liked to see her — er würde sie gerne sehen/er hätte sie gerne gesehen
4) (request)II 1. noun1) (faculty) Wille, derfreedom of the will — Willensfreiheit, die
have a will of one's own — [s]einen eigenen Willen haben
an iron will, a will of iron — ein eiserner Wille
3) (desire)will to live — Lebenswille, der
against one's/somebody's will — gegen seinen/jemandes Willen
of one's own [free] will — aus freien Stücken
do something with a will — etwas mit großem Eifer od. Elan tun
where there's a will there's a way — (prov.) wo ein Wille ist, ist auch ein Weg
4) (disposition)2. transitive verbwith the best will in the world — bei allem Wohlwollen; in neg. clause beim besten Willen
will oneself to do something — sich zwingen, etwas zu tun
* * *will1<would, would>[wɪl]I. aux vb1. (in future tense) werdenwe \will be at the airport wir werden am Flughafen seindo you think he \will come? glaubst du, dass er kommt?so we'll be in Glasgow by lunchtime wir sind also um die Mittagszeit [herum] in GlasgowI'll be with you in a minute ich bin sofort bei Ihnenit won't be easy es wird nicht leicht seinby the time we get there, Jim \will have left bis wir dort ankommen, ist Jim schon wegyou'll have forgotten all about it by next week nächste Woche wirst du alles vergessen haben; (in immediate future)we'll be off now wir fahren jetztI'll be going then ich gehe dannI'll answer the telephone ich gehe ans Telefon2. (with tag question)you won't forget to tell him, \will you? du vergisst aber nicht, es ihm zu sagen, oder?they'll have got home by now, won't they? sie müssten mittlerweile zu Hause sein, nicht?3. (expressing intention)▪ sb \will do sth jd wird etw tunI \will always love you ich werde dich immer liebenI'll make up my own mind about that ich werde mir meine eigene Meinung darüber bildenI'll not be spoken to like that! ich dulde nicht, dass man so mit mir redet!I won't have him ruining the party ich werde nicht zulassen, dass er die Party verdirbt4. (in requests, instructions)\will you give me her address, please? würden Sie mir bitte ihre Adresse geben?\will you stop that! hör sofort damit auf!\will you let me speak! würdest du mich bitte ausreden lassen!you'll do it because I say so du tust es, weil ich es dir sage!hang on a second, \will you? bleiben Sie bitte einen Moment dran!just pass me that knife, \will you? gib mir doch bitte mal das Messer rüber, ja?give me a hand, \will you? sei so nett und hilf mir mal\will you sit down? setzen Sie sich doch!won't you come in? möchten Sie nicht hereinkommen?won't you have some cake? möchten Sie nicht etwas Kuchen?5. (expressing willingness)who'll post this letter for me? — I \will wer kann den Brief für mich einwerfen? — ich [kann es]anyone like to volunteer for this job? — we \will! meldet sich jemand freiwillig für diese Arbeit? — ja, wir!I keep asking him to play with me, but he won't ich frage ihn ständig, ob er mit mir spielt, aber er will nicht6. (not functioning)the car won't start das Auto springt nicht anthe door won't open die Tür geht nicht auffruit \will keep longer in the fridge Obst hält sich im Kühlschrank längernew products \will always sell better neue Produkte verkaufen sich einfach besserthat won't make any difference das macht keinen Unterschiedthe car won't run without petrol ohne Benzin fährt der Wagen nicht8. (expressing persistence)accidents \will happen Unfälle passieren nun einmalhe \will keep doing that er hört einfach nicht damit aufthey \will keep sending me those brochures sie senden mir immer noch diese Broschüren9. (expressing likelihood)that'll be Scott das wird Scott seinI expect you'll be wanting your supper ich nehme an, du möchtest dein Abendbrot [haben]as you \will all probably know already,... wie Sie vermutlich schon alle wissen,...as you \will wie du willstdo what you \will with me machen Sie mit mir, was Sie wollenwill2[wɪl]I. n▪ to do sth with a \will etw mit großem Eifer tuneveryone heaved with a \will to get the car out of the mud alle hoben kräftig mit an, um das Auto aus dem Schlamm zu befreiento have an iron \will [or a \will of iron] einen eisernen Willen habenonly with a \will of iron nur mit eisernem [o einem eisernen] Willenstrength of \will Willensstärke fpolitical \will politischer Willeto have the \will to do sth den [festen] Willen haben, etw zu tunto lose the \will to live den Lebenswillen verlierenThy \will be done REL Dein Wille geschehe▪ to be the \will of sb [or sb's \will] jds Wille seinit was God's \will [that...] es war Gottes Wille[, dass...]against sb's \will gegen jds Willenat \will nach Beliebenthey were able to come and go at \will sie konnten kommen und gehen, wann sie wolltenan actor has to be able to cry at \will ein Schauspieler muss auf Kommando weinen könnenshe remembered you in her \will sie hat dich in ihrem Testament bedachtholograph \will handgeschriebenes Testamentnuncupative \will mündliches Zeugentestamentthe reading of the \will die Testamentsverlesungto change one's \will sein Testament ändernto draw up/make a \will ein Testament aufsetzen/machen4.▶ with the best \will in the world beim besten Willen▶ to have a \will of one's own einen eigenen Willen habenII. vt1. (try to cause by will power)▪ to \will sb to do sth jdn [durch Willenskraft] dazu bringen, etw zu tunI was \willing you to win ich habe mir ganz fest gewünscht, dass du gewinnst▪ to \will sth etw bestimmen [o verfügen]God \willed it and it was so Gott hat es so gewollt und so geschah es3. (bequeath)▪ to \will sb sth [or sth to sb] jdm etw vererben [o [testamentarisch] vermachen]* * *I [wɪl] pret would1. modal aux vb1) (future) werdenI'm sure that he will come — ich bin sicher, dass er kommt
you will come to see us, won't you? — Sie kommen uns doch besuchen, ja?
I'll be right there — komme sofort!, bin gleich da!
I will have finished by Tuesday — bis Dienstag bin ich fertig
you won't lose it, will you? — du wirst es doch nicht verlieren, oder?
you won't insist on that, will you? – oh yes, I will — Sie bestehen doch nicht darauf, oder? – o doch! or o ja! or doch, doch!
2)(emphatic, expressing determination, compulsion etc)
I will not have it! — das dulde ich nicht, das kommt mir nicht infrage or in Frage (inf)will you be quiet! — willst du jetzt wohl ruhig sein!, bist du or sei jetzt endlich ruhig!
he says he will go and I say he won't — er sagt, er geht, und ich sage, er geht nicht
3) (expressing willingness, consent etc) wollenhe won't sign — er unterschreibt nicht, er will nicht unterschreiben
wait a moment, will you? — warten Sie einen Moment, ja bitte?; (impatiently) jetzt warte doch mal einen Moment!
will she, won't she? — ob sie wohl...?
4)will you have some more tea? — möchten Sie noch Tee?there isn't any tea, will coffee do? — es ist kein Tee da, darf es auch Kaffee sein? or tut es Kaffee auch? (inf)
5)well, if he will drive so fast — also, wenn er (eben) unbedingt so schnell fahren musswell, if you won't take advice — wenn du (eben) keinen Rat annimmst, na bitte
6)was that the doorbell? that will be for you — hats geklingelt? – das ist bestimmt für dich or das wird or dürfte für dich sein
this will be our bus —
this will be the one you want — das dürfte (es) wohl sein, was Sie wünschen
7)8)will the engine start now? — springt der Motor jetzt an?2. viwollensay what you will — du kannst sagen, was du willst
as you will! —
IIit is, if you will, a kind of mystery — das ist, wenn du so willst, eine Art Rätsel
1. n1) Wille mto have a will of one's own — einen eigenen Willen haben; (hum) so seine Mucken haben (inf)
the will to win/live — der Wille or das Bestreben, zu gewinnen/zu leben, der Sieges-/Lebenswille
at will — nach Belieben, nach Lust und Laune, beliebig
of one's own free will — aus freien Stücken, aus freiem Willen
with the best will in the world — beim or mit ( dem) (aller)besten Willen
where there is a will there is a way (Prov) — wo ein Wille ist, ist auch ein Weg
to do sb's will (dated) to have one's will (dated) Thy will be done — jdm seinen Willen tun seinen Kopf durchsetzen Dein Wille geschehe
See:2) (= testament) Letzter Wille, Testament ntthe last will and testament of... — der Letzte Wille or das Testament des/der...
2. vt1) (old: ordain) wollen, bestimmen, verfügen (geh)2) (= urge by willpower) (durch Willenskraft) erzwingento will sb to do sth — jdn durch die eigene Willensanstrengung dazu bringen, dass er etw tut
he willed himself to stay awake — er hat sich (dazu) gezwungen, wach zu bleiben
he willed the ball into the net — er hat den Ball ins Netz hypnotisiert (inf)
3) (by testament) (testamentarisch) vermachen, vererben (sth to sb jdm etw)3. viwollen* * *will1 [wıl] inf und imp fehlen, 1. und 3. sg präs will, 2. sg präs (you) will, obs (thou) wilt [wılt], pl will, prät would [wʊd], 2. sg prät obs (thou) wouldst [wʊdst], pperf obs wold [wəʊld], wouldA v/aux1. ( zur Bezeichnung des Futurs, Br 1. sg und pl meist umg, und als Ausdruck eines Versprechens oder Entschlusses) werden:they will see very soon sie werden bald sehen2. wollen, werden, willens sein zu:will you pass me the bread, please? würden Sie mir bitte das Brot reichen;won’t you sit down nehmen Sie doch bitte Platz;I will not go there again ich gehe da nicht mehr hin;I will not stand such nonsense! ich dulde solchen Unfug nicht!;will do! umg wird gemacht!people will talk die Leute reden immer;accidents will happen Unfälle wird es immer geben;you will get in my light! du musst mir natürlich (immer) im Licht stehen!; → academic.ru/8546/boy">boy A 14. (zur Bezeichnung einer Erwartung, Vermutung oder Annahme) werden:you will not have forgotten her du wirst sie nicht vergessen haben;they will have gone now sie werden oder dürften jetzt (wohl) gegangen sein;this will be about right das wird oder dürfte ungefähr stimmen5. (in Vorschriften etc) besonders MIL müssenB v/i & v/t wollen, wünschen:come when you will komm, wann du willst!;will2 [wıl]A s2. Wille(nskraft) m(f):a weak will ein schwacher Wille3. Wille m, Wollen n:against one’s will gegen seinen Willen;where there’s a will there’s a way (Sprichwort) wo ein Wille ist, ist auch ein Weg;of one’s own (free) will aus freien Stücken;with a will mit Lust und Liebe, mit Macht;I can’t do that with the best will in the world ich kann das (auch) beim besten Willen nicht tun;have one’s will seinen Willen haben;4. Wille m, Wunsch m, Befehl m:Thy will be done BIBEL Dein Wille geschehe5. Wille m, (Be)Streben n:have the will to do sth den Willen haben oder bestrebt sein, etwas zu tun;the will to live der Lebenswille;will to win SPORT Siegeswille;will to peace Friedenswille;will to power Machtwille, -streben6. Wille m, Gesinnung f (jemandem gegenüber):good will guter Wille;7. meist;make one’s will sein Testament machen;I was left £5,000 in her will sie hat mir 5000 Pfund hinterlassenB v/t 2. sg präs will, obs (thou) willest [ˈwılıst], 3. sg präs wills, obs willeth [ˈwılıθ], prät und pperf willed [wıld]1. wollen, entscheiden:2. ernstlich oder fest wollenwill o.s. into sich zwingen zua) verfügenb) vermachen:5.;will sb on SPORT jemanden zum Sieg treibenC v/i wollen* * *I 1.[wɪl]transitive verb, only in pres. will, neg. (coll.) won't [wəʊnt], past would [wʊd], neg. (coll.) wouldn't [wʊdnt]1) (consent to) wollenThey won't help me. Will/Would you? — Sie wollen mir nicht helfen. Bist du bereit?
you will help her, won't you? — du hilfst ihr doch od. du wirst ihr doch helfen, nicht wahr?
the car won't start — das Auto will nicht anspringen od. springt nicht an
will/would you pass the salt, please? — gibst du bitte mal das Salz rüber?/würdest du bitte mal das Salz rübergeben?
will/would you come in? — kommen Sie doch herein
now just listen, will you! — jetzt hör/hört gefälligst zu!
will you be quiet! — willst du/wollt ihr wohl ruhig sein!
2) (be accustomed to) pflegenhe will sit there hour after hour — er pflegt dort stundenlang zu sitzen; (emphatic)
children 'will make a noise — Kinder machen [eben] Lärm
..., as young people 'will —..., wie alle jungen Leute [es tun]
he 'will insist on doing it — er besteht unbedingt darauf, es zu tun
3) (wish) wollenwill you have some more cake? — möchtest od. willst du noch etwas Kuchen?
do as/what you will — mach, was du willst
call it what [ever] you will — nenn es, wie du willst
would to God that... — wollte Gott, dass...
4) (be able to)2. auxiliary verb, forms asthe box will hold 5 lb. of tea — in die Kiste gehen 5 Pfund Tee
I1) expr. simple future werdenone more cherry, and I will have eaten a pound — noch eine Kirsche und ich habe ein Pfund gegessen
2) expr. intentionI promise I won't do it again — ich verspreche, ich machs nicht noch mal
You won't do that, will you? - Oh yes, I will! — Du machst es doch nicht, oder? - Doch[, ich machs]!
will do — (coll.) wird gemacht; mach ich (ugs.)
3) in conditional clauseif he tried, he would succeed — wenn er es versuchen würde, würde er es schaffen
he would like/would have liked to see her — er würde sie gerne sehen/er hätte sie gerne gesehen
4) (request)II 1. noun1) (faculty) Wille, derfreedom of the will — Willensfreiheit, die
have a will of one's own — [s]einen eigenen Willen haben
an iron will, a will of iron — ein eiserner Wille
3) (desire)will to live — Lebenswille, der
against one's/somebody's will — gegen seinen/jemandes Willen
of one's own [free] will — aus freien Stücken
do something with a will — etwas mit großem Eifer od. Elan tun
where there's a will there's a way — (prov.) wo ein Wille ist, ist auch ein Weg
2. transitive verbwith the best will in the world — bei allem Wohlwollen; in neg. clause beim besten Willen
will oneself to do something — sich zwingen, etwas zu tun
* * *v.vermachen v.wollen v.(§ p.,pp.: wollte, gewollt) aux.werden (Zukunft) aux. n.Wille nur sing. m. -
50 perform
perform [pə'fɔ:m](a) (carry out → manoeuvre, task) exécuter, accomplir; (→ calculation) effectuer, faire; (→ miracle) accomplir; (→ wedding, ritual) célébrer;∎ the robot can perform complex movements le robot peut exécuter des mouvements complexes;∎ Medicine to perform an operation opérer(b) (fulfil → function, duty) remplir;∎ the agency performs a vital service l'agence remplit une fonction vitale(c) (stage → play) jouer, donner; (→ ballet, opera) interpréter, jouer; (→ concert) donner; (→ piece of music) exécuter;∎ to perform a part Theatre jouer ou interpréter un rôle; (in ballet) danser un rôle∎ the Berlin Philharmonic is performing tonight l'Orchestre philharmonique de Berlin donne un concert ou joue ce soir;∎ she performed superbly in the role of Lady Bracknell elle a magnifiquement interprété le rôle de Lady Bracknell(b) (person → in job, situation) se débrouiller;∎ to perform well/badly bien/ne pas bien s'en tirer;∎ he'd never spoken in public before, but he performed well il n'avait jamais parlé en public avant, mais il s'en est bien tiré ou il s'est bien débrouillé;∎ how does she perform under pressure? comment réagit-elle lorsqu'elle est sous pression?;∎ I couldn't perform (sexually) je n'ai pas pu∎ to perform well/badly (company) avoir de bons/mauvais résultats;∎ the Miami branch is not performing well les résultats de la succursale de Miami ne sont pas très satisfaisants;∎ how did the company perform in the first quarter? comment la société a-t-elle fonctionné au premier trimestre?;∎ shares performed well yesterday les actions se sont bien comportées hier(d) (function → vehicle, machine) marcher, fonctionner;∎ the car performs well/badly in wet conditions cette voiture a une bonne/mauvaise tenue de route par temps de pluie -
51 to
1.go to work/to the theatre — zur Arbeit/ins Theater gehen
to Paris/France — nach Paris/Frankreich
throw the ball to me — wirf mir den Ball zu
2) (towards a condition or quality) zu3) (as far as) bis zufrom London to Edinburgh — von London [bis] nach Edinburgh
increase from 10 % to 20 % — von 10 % auf 20 % steigen
with one's back to the wall — mit dem Rücken zur Wand
5) (implying comparison, ratio, etc.)[compared] to — verglichen mit; im Vergleich zu
it's ten to one he does something — die Chancen stehen zehn zu eins, dass er etwas tut
6) introducing relationship or indirect objectto somebody/something — jemandem/einer Sache (Dat.)
lend/explain etc. something to somebody — jemandem etwas leihen/erklären usw.
relate to something — sich auf etwas (Akk.) beziehen
secretary to the Minister — Sekretär des Ministers
that's all there is to it — mehr ist dazu nicht zu sagen
what's that to you? — was geht das dich an?
7) (until) bisto the end — bis zum Ende
five [minutes] to eight — fünf [Minuten] vor acht
8) with infinitive of a verb zu; expressing purpose, or after academic.ru/75540/too">too um [...] zutoo young to marry — zu jung, um zu heiraten; zu jung zum Heiraten
to rebel is pointless — es ist sinnlos zu rebellieren
he woke to find himself in a strange room — er erwachte und fand sich in einem fremden Zimmer wieder
he would have phoned but forgot to — er hätte angerufen, aber er vergaß es
2.she didn't want to go there, but she had to — sie wollte nicht hingehen, aber sie musste
[tuː] adverb1) (just not shut)be to — [Tür, Fenster:] angelehnt sein
2)* * *1. [tə,tu] preposition1) (towards; in the direction of: I cycled to the station; The book fell to the floor; I went to the concert/lecture/play.) zu, auf2) (as far as: His story is a lie from beginning to end.) bis3) (until: Did you stay to the end of the concert?) bis4) (sometimes used to introduce the indirect object of a verb: He sent it to us; You're the only person I can talk to.) zu, mit5) (used in expressing various relations: Listen to me!; Did you reply to his letter?; Where's the key to this door?; He sang to (the accompaniment of) his guitar.) zu, für6) (into a particular state or condition: She tore the letter to pieces.) in7) (used in expressing comparison or proportion: He's junior to me; Your skill is superior to mine; We won the match by 5 goals to 2.) gegenüber, zu8) (showing the purpose or result of an action etc: He came quickly to my assistance; To my horror, he took a gun out of his pocket.) zu9) ([tə] used before an infinitive eg after various verbs and adjectives, or in other constructions: I want to go!; He asked me to come; He worked hard to (= in order to) earn a lot of money; These buildings were designed to (= so as to) resist earthquakes; She opened her eyes to find him standing beside her; I arrived too late to see him.) zu, um zu10) (used instead of a complete infinitive: He asked her to stay but she didn't want to.) zu2. [tu:] adverb1) (into a closed or almost closed position: He pulled/pushed the door to.) zu2) (used in phrasal verbs and compounds: He came to (= regained consciousness).) zu sich, dran•* * *to[tu:, tu, tə]I. PREPOSITION, nach + dat, zu + datshe walked over \to the window sie ging [hinüber] zum Fenster [o ans Fenster]we're going \to town wir gehen/fahren in die Stadtthey go \to work on the bus sie fahren mit dem Bus zur ArbeitI'm going \to a party/concert ich gehe auf eine Party/ein Konzertshe has to go \to a meeting now sie muss jetzt zu einem Meeting [gehen]we moved \to Germany last year wir sind letztes Jahr nach Deutschland gezogenhe flew \to the US er flog in die USAshe's never been \to Mexico before sie ist noch nie [zuvor] in Mexiko gewesenmy first visit \to Africa mein erster Aufenthalt in Afrikathis is a road \to nowhere! diese Straße führt nirgendwohin!parallel \to the x axis parallel zur x-Achsefrom here \to the station von hier [bis] zum Bahnhofon the way \to the mountains/the sea/the town centre auf dem Weg in die Berge/zum Meer/ins [o zum] Stadtzentrum\to the north/south nördlich/südlichtwenty miles \to the north of the city zwanzig Meilen nördlich der Stadtthe suburbs are \to the west of the city die Vororte liegen im Westen der Stadtfrom place \to place von Ort zu Ort\to the right/left nach rechts/linksthere \to the right dort rechtshe's standing \to the left of Adrian er steht links neben Adrian, in + datshe goes \to kindergarten sie geht in den Kindergartenhe goes \to university er geht auf die Universitätdo you go \to church? gehst du in die Kirche?I go \to the gym twice a week ich gehe zweimal wöchentlich zum Fitnessan invitation \to a wedding eine Einladung zu einer HochzeitI've asked them \to dinner ich habe sie zum Essen eingeladenshe took me out \to lunch yesterday sie hat mich gestern zum Mittagessen ausgeführt [o eingeladenshe pointed \to a distant spot on the horizon sie zeigte auf einen fernen Punkt am Horizontto have one's back \to sth/sb etw/jdm den Rücken zudrehenback \to front verkehrt herumthey were dancing cheek \to cheek sie tanzten Wange an Wangeshe put her hand \to his breast sie legte die Hand auf seine Brustshe clasped the letter \to her bosom sie drückte den Brief an ihre Brusttie the lead \to the fence mach die Leine am Zaun festthey fixed the bookshelves \to the wall sie brachten die Bücherregale an der Wand anstick the ads \to some paper klebe die Anzeigen auf ein Blatt Papier7. (with indirect object)I lent my bike \to my brother ich habe meinem Bruder mein Fahrrad geliehengive that gun \to me gib mir das Gewehrchildren are often cruel \to each other Kinder sind oft grausam zueinanderwho's the letter addressed \to? an wen ist der Brief adressiert?what have they done \to you? was haben sie dir [an]getan?her knowledge proved useful \to him ihr Wissen erwies sich als hilfreich für ihnthey made a complaint \to the manager sie reichten beim Geschäftsleiter eine Beschwerde eina threat \to world peace eine Bedrohung des Weltfriedens [o für den Weltfrieden]to be grateful \to sb jdm dankbar seinto be married \to sb mit jdm verheiratet seinto tell/show sth \to sb jdm etw erzählen/zeigenand what did you say \to that? und was hast du dazu gesagt?he finally confessed \to the crime er gestand schließlich das Verbrechenthis is essential \to our strategy dies ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil unserer Strategiea reference \to Psalm 22:18 ein Verweis auf Psalm 22:18her reply \to the question ihre Antwort auf die Frageand what was her response \to that? und wie lautete ihr Antwort darauf?the keys \to his car seine Autoschlüsselthe top \to this pen die Kappe, die auf diesen Stift gehörtshe has a mean side \to her sie kann auch sehr gemein seinthere is a very moral tone \to this book dieses Buch hat einen sehr moralischen Untertonthere's a funny side \to everything alles hat auch seine komische SeiteI prefer beef \to seafood ich ziehe Rindfleisch Meeresfrüchten vorshe looked about thirty \to his sixty neben ihm mit seinen sechzig Jahren wirkte sie wie dreißigto be comparable \to sth mit etw dat vergleichbar sein[to be] nothing \to sth nichts im Vergleich zu etw dat [sein]her wage is nothing \to what she could earn ihr Einkommen steht in keinem Vergleich zu dem, was sie verdienen könnteto be superior \to sb jdm übergeordnet sein, höher stehen als jdPaul beat me by three games \to two Paul hat im Spiel drei zu zwei gegen mich gewonnenManchester won three \to one Manchester hat drei zu eins gewonnen, zu + datI read up \to page 100 ich habe bis Seite 100 gelesenunemployment has risen \to almost 8 million die Arbeitslosigkeit ist auf fast 8 Millionen angestiegencount \to 20 zähle bis 20it's about fifty miles \to New York es sind [noch] etwa fünfzig Meilen bis New Yorkhe converted \to Islam er ist zum Islam übergetretenhis expression changed from amazement \to joy sein Ausdruck wechselte von Erstaunen zu Freudethe change \to the metric system der Wechsel zum metrischen Systemher promotion \to department manager ihre Beförderung zur Abteilungsleiterinthe meat was cooked \to perfection das Fleisch war bestens zubereitethe drank himself \to death er trank sich zu Todeshe nursed me back \to health sie hat mich [wieder] gesund gepflegtsmashed \to pieces in tausend Stücke geschlagenshe was close \to tears sie war den Tränen nahehe was thrilled \to bits er freute sich wahnsinnigthe shop is open \to 8.00 p.m. der Laden hat bis 20 Uhr geöffnetwe're in this \to the end wir führen dies bis zum Endeand \to this day... und bis auf den heutigen Tag...it's only two weeks \to your birthday! es sind nur noch zwei Wochen bis zu deinem Geburtstag!16. (including)▪ from... \to... von... bis...from beginning \to end von Anfang bis Endefrom morning \to night von morgens bis abendsfront \to back von vorne bis hinten, von allen SeitenI read the document front \to back ich habe das Dokument von vorne bis hinten gelesenhe's done everything from snowboarding \to windsurfing er hat von Snowboarden bis Windsurfen alles [mal] gemachtfrom simple theft \to cold-blooded murder vom einfachen Diebstahl bis zum kaltblütigen Mordit's twenty \to six es ist zwanzig vor sechs\to my relief/horror/astonishment zu meiner Erleichterung/meinem Entsetzen/meinem Erstaunenmuch \to her surprise zu ihrer großen Überraschung\to me, it sounds like she's ending the relationship für mich hört sich das an, als ob sie die Beziehung beenden wolltethat outfit looks good \to me das Outfit gefällt mir gutif it's acceptable \to you wenn Sie einverstanden sindthis would be \to your advantage das wäre zu deinem Vorteil, das wäre für dich von Vorteildoes this make any sense \to you? findest du das auf irgendeine Weise einleuchtend?fifty pounds is nothing \to him fünfzig Pfund sind nichts für ihnwhat's it \to you? ( fam) was geht dich das an?he works as a personal trainer \to the rich and famous er arbeitet als Personal Trainer für die Reichen und Berühmtenthey are hat makers \to Her Majesty the Queen sie sind Hutmacher Ihrer Majestät, der Königineconomic adviser \to the president Wirtschaftsberater des Präsidentenshe was Ophelia \to Olivier's Hamlet in der Verfilmung von Olivier spielte sie neben Hamlet die Opheliahere's \to you! auf dein/Ihr Wohl!\to the cook! auf den Koch/die Köchin!the record is dedicated \to her mother die Schallplatte ist ihrer Mutter gewidmetI propose a toast \to the bride and groom ich bringe einen Toast auf die Braut und den Bräutigam ausa memorial \to all the soldiers who died in Vietnam ein Denkmal für alle im Vietnamkrieg gefallenen Soldaten23. (per)the car gets 25 miles \to the gallon das Auto verbraucht eine Gallone auf 25 Meilenthree parts oil \to one part vinegar drei Teile Öl auf einen Teil Essigthe odds are 2 \to 1 that you'll lose die Chancen stehen 2 zu 1, dass du verlierstshe awoke \to the sound of screaming sie wurden durch laute Schreie wachI like exercising \to music ich trainiere gerne mit MusikI can't dance \to this sort of music ich kann zu dieser Art Musik nicht tanzenthe band walked on stage \to rapturous applause die Band zog unter tosendem Applaus auf die Bühnethirty \to thirty-five people dreißig bis fünfunddreißig Leuteten \to the power of three zehn hoch drei27.▶ that's all there is \to it das ist schon alles▶ there's not much [or nothing] \to it das ist nichts Besonderes, da ist nichts Besonderes dabei1. (expressing future intention) zushe agreed \to help sie erklärte sich bereit zu helfenI'll have \to tell him ich werde es ihm sagen müssenI don't expect \to be finished any later than seven ich denke, dass ich spätestens um sieben fertig sein werdehe lived \to see his first grandchild er durfte erleben, dass sein erstes Enkelkind geboren wurdeI have \to go on a business trip ich muss auf eine Geschäftsreisethe company is \to pay over £500,000 die Firma muss über 500.000 Pfund bezahlenhe's going \to write his memoirs er wird seine Memoiren schreibenI have some things \to be fixed ich habe einige Dinge zu reparierenBlair \to meet with Bush Blair trifft Bushto be about \to do sth gerade etw tun wollen, im Begriff sein, etw zu tun2. (forming requests) zushe was told \to have the report finished by Friday sie wurde gebeten, den Bericht bis Freitag fertigzustellenhe told me \to wait er sagte mir, ich solle wartenI asked her \to give me a call ich bat sie, mich anzurufenwe asked her \to explain wir baten sie, es uns zu erklärenyou've not \to do that du sollst das nicht tunthat man is not \to come here again der Mann darf dieses Haus nicht mehr betretenyoung man, you're \to go to your room right now junger Mann, du gehst jetzt auf dein Zimmer3. (expressing wish) zuI need \to eat something first ich muss zuerst etwas essenI'd love \to live in New York ich würde nur zu gern in New York lebenwould you like \to dance? möchten Sie tanzen?that child ought \to be in bed das Kind sollte [schon] im Bett seinI want \to go now ich möchte jetzt gehenI need \to go to the bathroom ich muss mal auf die Toilettedo you want \to come with us? willst du [mit uns] mitkommen?I'd love \to go to France this summer ich würde diesen Sommer gern nach Frankreich fahren4. (omitting verb)are you going tonight? — I'm certainly hoping \to gehst du heute Abend? — das hoffe ich sehrwould you like to go and see the Russian clowns? — yes, I'd love \to möchtest du gern die russischen Clowns sehen? — ja, sehr gerncan you drive? — yes I'm able \to but I prefer not \to kannst du Auto fahren? — ja, das kann ich, aber ich fahre nicht gernit's not likely \to happen es ist unwahrscheinlich, dass das geschieht, das wird wohl kaum geschehenI was afraid \to tell her ich hatte Angst, es ihr zu sagenhe's able \to speak four languages er spricht vier Sprachenshe's due \to have her baby sie bekommt bald ihr BabyI'm afraid \to fly ich habe Angst vorm Fliegenshe's happy \to see you back sie ist froh, dass du wieder zurück bistI'm sorry \to hear that es tut mir leid, das zu höreneasy \to use leicht zu bedienenlanguages are fun \to learn Sprachenlernen macht Spaßit is interesting \to know that es ist interessant, das zu wissenthree months is too long \to wait drei Monate zu warten ist zu langI'm too nervous \to talk right now ich bin zu nervös, um jetzt zu sprechenI'm going there \to see my sister ich gehe dort hin, um meine Schwester zu treffenshe's gone \to pick Jean up sie ist Jean abholen gegangenmy second attempt \to make flaky pastry mein zweiter Versuch, einen Blätterteig zu machenthey have no reason \to lie sie haben keinerlei Grund zu lügenI have the chance \to buy a house cheaply ich habe die Gelegenheit, billig ein Haus zu kaufensomething \to eat etwas zu essenthe first person \to arrive die erste Person, die ankam [o eintraf]Armstrong was the first man \to walk on the moon Armstrong war der erste Mann, der den Mond betrat7. (expressing intent)we tried \to help wir versuchten zu helfen\to make this cake, you'll need... für diesen Kuchen braucht man...he managed \to escape es gelang ihm zu entkommenI don't know what \to do ich weiß nicht, was ich tun sollI don't know where \to begin ich weiß nicht, wo ich anfangen sollshe was wondering whether \to ask David about it sie fragte sich, ob sie David deswegen fragen solltecan you tell me how \to get there? könne Sie mir sagen, wie ich dort hinkomme?9. (introducing clause)\to tell the truth [or \to be truthful] um die Wahrheit zu sagen\to be quite truthful with you, Dave, I never really liked the man ich muss dir ehrlich sagen, Dave, ich konnte diesen Mann noch nie leiden\to be honest um ehrlich zu sein10. (in consecutive acts) um zuhe looked up \to greet his guests er blickte auf, um seine Gäste zu begrüßenshe reached out \to take his hand sie griff nach seiner Handthey turned around \to find their car gone sie drehten sich um und bemerkten, dass ihr Auto verschwunden warIII. ADVERBinv zuto come \to zu sich dat kommenthey set \to with a will, determined to finish the job sie machten sich mit Nachdruck daran, entschlossen, die Arbeit zu Ende zu bringen* * *[tuː]1. PREPOSITION1) = in direction of, towards zuto go to the doctor( 's)/greengrocer's etc — zum Arzt/Gemüsehändler etc gehen
to go to the opera/concert etc — in die Oper/ins Konzert etc gehen
to go to France/London — nach Frankreich/London fahren
to go to Switzerland —
to go to school to go to bed — zur Schule or in die Schule gehen ins or zu Bett gehen
he came up to where I was standing —
to turn a picture/one's face to the wall — ein Bild/sich mit dem Gesicht zur Wand drehen
2) = as far as, until bisto count (up) to 20 —
3) = in in (+dat)I have never been to Brussels/India — ich war noch nie in Brüssel/Indien
4)= secure to
he nailed it to the wall/floor etc — er nagelte es an die Wand/auf den Boden etcthey tied him to the tree —
5)to give sth to sb — jdm etw gebena present from me to you —
I said to myself... — ich habe mir gesagt...
he was muttering/singing to himself — er murmelte/sang vor sich hin
"To... " (on envelope etc) to pray to God — "An (+acc)..." zu Gott beten
6) in toasts auf (+acc)to drink to sb's health — auf jds Wohl (acc) trinken
7)= next to
with position bumper to bumper — Stoßstange an Stoßstangeclose to sb/sth — nahe bei jdm/etw
at right angles to the wall —
to the west (of)/the left (of) — westlich/links (von)
8) with expressions of time vorit was five to when we arrived — es war fünf vor, als wir ankamen
9) = in relation to zuA is to B as C is to D —
they won by 4 goals to 2 — sie haben mit 4:2 (spoken: vier zu zwei) Toren gewonnen
one person to a room — eine Person pro Zimmer
11) MATH3 to the 4th, 3 to the power of 4 — 3 hoch 4
12)= concerning
what do you say to the idea? — was hältst du von der Idee?to repairing television £30 (Comm) — (für) Reparatur eines Fernsehers £ 30
13)= according to
to the best of my knowledge — nach bestem Wissen14)= accompanied by
to sing to the guitar —to sing sth to the tune of... — etw nach der Melodie von... singen
to dance to a tune/a band — zu einer Melodie/den Klängen or der Musik eines Orchesters tanzen
15)= of
ambassador to America/the King of France — Botschafter in Amerika/am Hofe des Königs von Frankreich16)= producing
to everyone's surprise — zu jedermanns Überraschung17)to begin to do sth — anfangen, etw zu tunI want him to do it — ich will, dass er es tut
18)to see him now, one would never think... — wenn man ihn jetzt sieht, würde man nicht glauben,...19)infinitive expressing purpose, result
to eat/work to live —I did it to help you — ich tat es, um dir zu helfen
to get to the point,... — um zur Sache zu kommen,...
well, not to exaggerate... — ohne zu übertreiben,...
I arrived to find she had gone — als ich ankam, war sie weg
20)I don't want to — ich will nichtwe didn't want to but we were forced to — wir wollten nicht, aber wir waren dazu gezwungen
I intended to (do it), but I forgot (to) — ich wollte es tun, aber ich habe es vergessen
buy it, it would be silly not to — kaufe es, es wäre dumm, es nicht zu tun
he often does things one doesn't expect him to — er macht oft Dinge, die man nicht von ihm erwartet
21)__diams; noun/pronoun + to + infinitive he is not the sort to do that — er ist nicht der Typ, der das täte, er ist nicht der Typ dazuI have done nothing to deserve this — ich habe nichts getan, womit ich das verdient hätte
who is he to order you around? — wer ist er denn, dass er dich so herumkommandiert?
he was the first to arrive — er kam als Erster an, er war der Erste, der ankam
who was the last to see her? —
what is there to do here? —
now is the time to do it — jetzt ist die (beste) Zeit, es zu tun
you are foolish to try it — du bist dumm, das überhaupt zu versuchen
is it good to eat? —
he's too old to be still in short trousers — er ist schon so alt und trägt noch kurze Hosen
2. ADJECTIVEdoor (= ajar) angelehnt; (= shut) zu3. ADVERBto and fro — hin und her; walk auf und ab
* * *toA präp [tuː; tʊ; tə]1. (Grundbedeutung) zu2. (Richtung und Ziel, räumlich) zu, nach, an (akk), in (akk), auf (akk):go to London nach London fahren;from east to west von Osten nach Westen;throw sth to the ground etwas auf den oder zu Boden werfen3. in (dat):have you ever been to London?4. (Richtung, Ziel, Zweck) zu, auf (akk), an (akk), in (akk), für, gegen:that is all there is to it das ist alles;a cap with a tassel to it eine Mütze mit einer Troddel (daran);a key to the case ein Schlüssel für den oder zum Koffer;a room to myself ein Zimmer für mich (allein); → assistant B 1, end C 7, moral B 1, secretary 1, etcthe score is three to one (3-1) das Spiel oder es steht drei zu eins (3:1);two is to four as four is to eight zwei verhält sich zu vier wie vier zu acht8. (Ausmaß, Grenze, Grad) bis, (bis) zu, (bis) an (akk), auf (akk), in (dat):to the clouds bis an die Wolken;from three to four von drei bis vier (Uhr);it’s ten to five es ist zehn vor fünf10. (Begleitung) zu, nach:sing to a guitar zu einer Gitarre singen;a) betont:he gave the book to me, not to you! er gab das Buch mir, nicht Ihnen!b) unbetont:she was a good mother to him sie war ihm eine gute MutterB partikel [tʊ; tə]to go gehen;easy to understand leicht zu verstehen;she was heard to cry man hörte sie weinen2. (Zweck, Absicht) um zu, zu:he only does it to earn money er tut es nur, um Geld zu verdienenI weep to think of it ich weine, wenn ich daran denke;he was the first to arrive er kam als Erster;why blame you me to love you? obs oder poet was tadelst du mich, weil ich dich liebe?5. zur Andeutung eines aus dem Vorhergehenden zu ergänzenden Infinitivs:I don’t go because I don’t want to ich gehe nicht, weil ich nicht (gehen) willC adv [tuː]1. a) zu, geschlossen:pull the door to die Türe zuziehenb) angelehnt:3. SCHIFF nahe am Wind:keep her to!4. to and froa) hin und her,b) auf und ab* * *1.[before vowel tʊ, before consonant tə, stressed tuː] prepositiongo to work/to the theatre — zur Arbeit/ins Theater gehen
to Paris/France — nach Paris/Frankreich
3) (as far as) bis zufrom London to Edinburgh — von London [bis] nach Edinburgh
increase from 10 % to 20 % — von 10 % auf 20 % steigen
4) (next to, facing)5) (implying comparison, ratio, etc.)[compared] to — verglichen mit; im Vergleich zu
it's ten to one he does something — die Chancen stehen zehn zu eins, dass er etwas tut
6) introducing relationship or indirect objectto somebody/something — jemandem/einer Sache (Dat.)
lend/explain etc. something to somebody — jemandem etwas leihen/erklären usw.
relate to something — sich auf etwas (Akk.) beziehen
to me — (in my opinion) meiner Meinung nach
7) (until) bisfive [minutes] to eight — fünf [Minuten] vor acht
do something to annoy somebody — etwas tun, um jemanden zu ärgern
too young to marry — zu jung, um zu heiraten; zu jung zum Heiraten
he woke to find himself in a strange room — er erwachte und fand sich in einem fremden Zimmer wieder
he would have phoned but forgot to — er hätte angerufen, aber er vergaß es
2.she didn't want to go there, but she had to — sie wollte nicht hingehen, aber sie musste
[tuː] adverbbe to — [Tür, Fenster:] angelehnt sein
2) -
52 speak
1. v говоритьSmith speaking — говорит Смит, Смит у телефона
speaking! — у телефона!; это я!
did you speak, sir? — вы что-то сказали, сэр?
speak the word! — ну, говори же!
2. v изъясняться, объясняться, говоритьto speak English — говорить по-английски, знать английский язык
to speak Frenglish — говорить «по-франглийски»
3. v упоминатьshe has hardly any voice to speak of — о её голосе не стоит и говорить, у неё почти нет голоса
I cannot afford a silver watch, not to speak of a gold one — у меня нет денег на серебряные часы, не говоря уже о золотых
4. v разговаривать5. v произносить6. v выражатьсяso to speak — так сказать; если можно так выразиться
broadly speaking — вообще говоря, в общем
7. v высказываться, выражать мнение; выступатьthis was a measure against which he had spoken vigorously — как раз против этой меры он энергично выступал
to speak for the affirmative — выступать «за»
8. v выражать, высказыватьthe portrait speaks — портрет очень выразителен, он на портрете как живой
9. v парл. делать заявление10. v высказываться в пользуcertain MPs spoke for cuts in the war budget — некоторые члены парламента высказались за сокращение военного бюджета
11. v отзываться, характеризовать12. v свидетельствовать, служить свидетельством, говоритьto speak Yiddish — говорить на идише, на еврейском языке
speak up, man!, speak up my man! — ну, говори же, друг!
13. v подтверждать, служить подтверждением или доказательством; говорить в пользу14. v воздействовать15. v заказывать; требовать16. v здороваться, приветствовать17. v грохотать, греметь18. v звучать19. v возвещать звуками20. v мор. окликать друг друга, обмениваться сигналамиwe spoke a whaler on the fourth day at sea — на четвёртый день плавания мы обменялись приветствиями с китобойным судном
21. v охот. подавать голосСинонимический ряд:1. address (verb) address; lecture2. converse in (verb) converse in; parley; use3. talk (verb) address; articulate; chat; communicate; converse; declaim; deliver; discourse; express; lecture; prelect; pronounce; recite; say; talk; utter; verbalise; verbalize; vocalize; voice4. utter (verb) utter; verbalise; vocalise -
53 word
wə:d 1. noun1) (the smallest unit of language (whether written, spoken or read).) ord2) (a (brief) conversation: I'd like a (quick) word with you in my office.) ord, prat3) (news: When you get there, send word that you've arrived safely.) beskjed; nytt, nyhet4) (a solemn promise: He gave her his word that it would never happen again.) (lov)ord, løfte2. verb(to express in written or spoken language: How are you going to word the letter so that it doesn't seem rude?) ordlegge, formulere- wording- word processor
- word processing
- word-perfect
- by word of mouth
- get a word in edgeways
- in a word
- keep
- break one's word
- take someone at his word
- take at his word
- take someone's word for it
- word for worddiskusjon--------formulere--------løfte--------ordIsubst. \/wɜːd\/1) ord, glose• can you spell the word «rose»?kan du stave ordet «rose»?2) bud, beskjed, nyheter, underretning, meddelelse3) nøkkelord, passord4) parole, motto, slagord, maksime5) æresord, løfte6) befaling, ordre, signal, kommandoat the (given) word på (gitt) kommandoa word to the wise et lite hintbe as good as one's word(s) eller be better than one's word(s) holde ordbe at words (about something) krangle (om noe)be too... for words være ubeskrivelig...be worse than one's words ikke holde ordbeyond words ubeskriveligbig words store ord, skrytbreak one's word bryte løftet sittby word and deed med råd og dåd, i ord og gjerning• although he sometimes claimed to be radical he was always conservative by word and deedselv om han av og til påstod at han var radikal var han alltid konservativ i ord og gjerningcome to words about something komme i krangel om noe, havne i en disputt om noe, ryke i tottene på hverandre for noedirty word stygt ordfew words, many deeds handling er bedre enn ordfrom the word go fra første stund, fra første dag (av), fra begynnelsenget a word in få et ord med i lagetget a word in (edgeways) få inn et ord (på tvers), få inn et ord på høykantgive the word to do something gi ordre om, kommanderegive words to something sette ord på noe, gi uttrykk for noegive\/pledge\/pass one's word gi sitt (æres)ord, lovego back on one's word gå tilbake på et løfte, bryte et løftehang on somebody's word lytte åndeløst til noenhave a word with somebody ta en prat med noensi noen et sannhetsordhave no words mangle ord, ikke finne ordhave the last word ha\/få det siste ordetin a word med ett ord, kort sagtin so many words klart og tydelig• he told me in so many words that...kort og godtin the words of for å sitere, som... uttrykker det• in the words of the comittee, the plan will failsom komiteen uttrykker det, vil planen mislykkesjust say the word bare si frakeep one's words holde ordknow the last word about something vite alt om noethe last word on a matter siste ord i en saka man\/woman of his\/her words en mann\/kvinne som holder sitt ordof few words av få ord, fåmæltone word brings the other det ene ordet følger det andre(up)on my word på mitt ord, på min ære• my word upon it!det kan du stole på!, æresord!( forbauset) min santen, ser man det, har du sett\/hørt på maken(up)on one's word på sitt ord, på æresordpass the word gi ordre, si ifrabare si ifra, så skal jeg gjøre detpass word to somebody sende bud\/beskjed til noenplain words rene ord, klartekstput in a word få et ord med (i laget)put in \/ say a good word for somebody legge inn et godt ord for noenput something into words uttrykke noe med ord, sette ord på noeput words into somebody's mouth legge ord i munnen på noensay the word si ifrastand by one's word stå ved sine ordtake somebody at their word ta noen på ordet ta noens ord for god fisktake somebody's word for it stole på noentake the words out of somebody's mouth ta ordene ut av munnen på noentake words for things forveksle ord\/løfter og\/med faktathat's a long word ( hverdagslig) det var da sværtuse big words bruke store ordwith\/on the word straks, med en gang, umiddelbartword by\/for word ordrett, ord for ordword for befaling om, ordre om signal tilthe word got round that... det gikk rykte om at...the word has it that... det ryktes at..., det sies at...word of mouth muntligword of warning advarende ordwords ordelagordlyd, formuleringytring, uttalelsetekst, sangtekst, visetekst(teater e.l.) replikkerwords fail me jeg finner ikke ordwrite word skrive og snakke omIIverb \/wɜːd\/1) uttrykke2) formulere, forfattescantily worded knapp, kortfattet -
54 wish
1. I1) let's wish! давайте задумаем /загадаем/ желание!; it is no good wishing бессмысленно просто мечтать; doing is better than wishing лучше действовать, чем [просто] мечтать;2) if /as/ you wish как хотите, как вам угодно; I will do what you wish я сделаю так, как вы хотите /желаете/; you may have whichever you wish возьмите тот [кусок и т.п.] или ту [книгу и т.п.], который или которая вам нравится2. IIIwish smth. wish peace (help, money, an interview, etc.) хотеть мира и т.д., стремиться к миру и т.д.; what do you wish? что вы хотите?, что вам угодно?3. IVwish smth. in хате manner wish smth. desperately (earnestly, heartily, ardently, passionately, vainly, personally, vaguely, particularly, shamelessly, immediately, etc.) отчаянно и т.д. желать чего-л.; wish smb. somewhere wish smb. away (here, there, miles away, anywhere but where one is, etc.) желать, чтобы кого-л. здесь не было и т.д.4. Vwish smb. smth. wish him success (smb. a happy life, her every happiness, you a pleasant journey, all men health, him every joy, us a good passage, etc.) пожелать ему успеха и т.д.; I don't wish you any harm я не желаю вам зла; wish smb. goodbye попрощаться с кем-л.; wish smb. good night пожелать кому-л. спокойной /доброй/ ночи;smb. good morning пожелать кому-л. доброго утра, сказать кому-л. "с добрым утром"; wish smb. a happy New Year (a merry Christmas) поздравить кого-л. с Новым годом (с рождеством); I wish you many happy returns of the day поздравляю вас с днем рождения и желаю долгих лет жизни5. VIwish smb., smth. in some state wish oneself dead хотеть умереть, желать себе смерти; wish smb., smth. well (ill) желать кому-л., чему-л. добра (зла); he never ceases to wish me well он всегда доброжелательно относится ко мне: I could not wish it better лучшего и желать нельзя6. VIIwish smb. to do smth. wish him to come (you to finish the work by twelve o'clock, him to lend you his camera, him to give up fencing, you to come back early, her to be polite with everybody, etc.) хотеть /желать/, чтобы он пришел и т.д.; father wishes me to take drawing lessons отец хочет, чтобы я учился рисовать /брал уроки рисования/; I don't wish you to cultivate this man's acquaintance мне не хотелось бы, чтобы вы поддерживали знакомство с этим человеком; do you really wish me to go? вам действительно хочется, чтобы я ушел?7. IXwish smth. done wish it finished (the problem settled, the experiment concluded, etc.) хотеть, чтобы это было закончено и т.д.; I don't wish anything said about it мне бы не хотелось, чтобы об этом говорили8. XIIIwish to do smth. wish to say smth. (to add smth., to make a few remarks, to see you, to buy it, to rent a room, to stay, to go, to travel, etc.) хотеть /иметь желание/ сказать что-л. и т.д.; I don't wish to meet this man again у меня нет желания снова встретиться с этим человеком; he wished to be alone ему хотелось остаться /побыть/ одному; he wished to be thought learned ему хотелось, чтобы о нем думали-как об образованном человеке; much as I wish to go there... как бы мне ни хотелось пойти туда...; she wishes to see the house она желает осмотреть дом9. XVIwish for smth. wish for peace (for happiness, for a great success, for more appreciation, for assistance, for better times, for a day's leisure, for smth. better, etc.) желать мира и т.д., мечтать о мире и т.д.; she wished for a new house она мечтала о новом доме; wish for more than one has желать больше, чем имеешь; what do you wish for most? чего бы вам больше всего хотелось?; what more can you wish for? что еще вам нужно?, чего еще вам не хватает?; I would not wish for anything better ни о чем лучшем я и мечтать не могу; she has everything a woman can wish for у нее есть все, чего может желать женщина; the weather was everything they could wish for лучшей погоды и желать было нельзя, погода как на заказ; how I wish for an opportunity to go there! если бы только у меня была возможность туда поехать!; how he wished for a glass of cold water ему так хотелось выпить стакан холодной воды10. XXI11) wish smth. to (on) smb. wish success to him (happiness to all one's friends, good luck to the travellers, etc.) пожелать ему успеха и т.д.; I wouldn't wish that awful job on my worst enemy такую ужасную работу я своему злейшему врагу не пожелаю2) wish smth. on smb. let's wish this job on somebody else давайте свалим эту работу на кого-л. другого; who wished this on me? кто мне это навязал?; wish smb. in some place I wished myself on a desert island я хотел очутиться на необитаемом острове3) || wish smth. at an end мечтать об окончании чего-л.; wish the voyage at an end мечтать, чтобы путешествие окончилось11. XXVwish [that]1) usually followed by subjunctive; the connective that usually omitted I wish I were there (I were rich, the work were finished, it were already done, I were in your place, I had more energy, he were more attentive, etc.) как бы мне хотелось быть там и т.д., если бы мне быть там и т.д., ах, если бы я был там и т.д.; I wish I knew если б я только знал; I wish I were dead мне жить не хочется; she wished [that] it were morning ей хотелось, чтоб уже настало /наступило/ утро; I wish I had seen it (I had stayed at home, I had come earlier, I had spoken to him, etc.) как жаль, что я этого не видел и т.д.; I wish I hadn't left so early жаль, что я так рано ушел; I wish I had never seen her лучше бы мне ее никогда не видеть; I wish you may live to see it желаю вам дожить и увидеть это [своими глазами]; I wish I could stay a little longer мне бы хотелось здесь остаться подольше; I wish you wouldn't make so much noise не шумите, пожалуйста: нельзя ли потише?2) I wish you would be quiet (you would be more polite, etc.) нельзя ли не шуметь? и т.д.; I wish you would shut the door when you go out закройте /захлопните/, пожалуйста, дверь, когда выйдете -
55 speak
spi:kpast tense - spoke; verb1) (to say (words) or talk: He can't speak; He spoke a few words to us.) snakke, si, tale2) ((often with to or (American) with) to talk or converse: Can I speak to/with you for a moment?; We spoke for hours about it.) snakke, konversere, skravle3) (to (be able to) talk in (a language): She speaks Russian.) snakke4) (to tell or make known (one's thoughts, the truth etc): I always speak my mind.) si5) (to make a speech, address an audience: The Prime Minister spoke on unemployment.) tale, holde tale•- speaker- speaking
- spoken
- - spoken
- generally speaking
- speak for itself/themselves
- speak out
- speak up
- to speak ofsnakke--------tale1) snakke• how many languages do you speak?• do you speak English?• speaking for myself, I don't think sohan snakket om\/nevnte en restaurant han hadde vært på en gang2) si, ytre, uttale3) uttrykke, røpe4) tale, holde tale5) ( sjøfart) anrope, praie, utveksle meldinger med, stå i forbindelse med6) ( om hund) gjø, halse7) ( poetisk) forkynne, melde8) ( gammeldags) vitne ombe spoken for (amer.) være reservert, være opptattit speaks for itself saken taler for seg selvnothing to speak of ikke noe å snakke om, ikke noe nevneverdignot to speak of for ikke å snakke om, for ikke å nevnerelatively speaking relativt settseriously speaking alvorlig taltso to speak så å si, for å si det sånnspeak aside komme med en lavmælt bemerkning, tale dempetspeak for snakke for, være talsmann for, snakke på vegne avspeak for yourself! snakk for deg selv!speak ill of se ➢ ill, 3speaking! ( i telefon) (ja) det er jeg (som snakker!)speaking of apropos, forrestenspeak of snakke om, vitne omspeak out snakke ut, synge ut, si sin mening rett ut snakke høyerespeak out against ta til motmæle motspeak somebody fair ( gammeldags) snakke pent til noen, snakke pent om noenspeak to tiltale, snakke til, snakke med snakke alvor med, snakke til rettevitne om, bevitnesnakke om, behandlespeak up snakke høyere snakke utspeak up! ut med det!speak up for heve stemmen sin til forsvar for, ta i forsvarspeak well for være et godt tegn på, love godt forstrictly speaking strengt tatt, egentlig -
56 you
ju:1) ((used as the subject or object of a verb, or as the object of a preposition) the person(s) etc spoken or written to: You look well!; I asked you a question; Do you all understand?; Who came with you?) tú, vosotros, vosotras, usted, ustedes (sujeto); se, uno (sujeto impersonal); te, ti, os (complemento); la, le, lo, los, las (complemento directo); le, les (complemento indirecto); contigo (|with| you)2) (used with a noun when calling someone something, especially something unpleasant: You idiot!; You fools!) cacho, ¡pero serás (idiota)!you pron1. tú / ti / usted / vosotros / ustedeswhat would you like, sir? ¿qué quiere, señor?do you understand? ¿entendéis?can you help me? ¿me pueden ayudar?2. te / le / la / lo / os / les / las / loscan I help you? ¿puedo ayudarle?3.tr[jʊː]1 (subject, familiar, singular) túand what did you say? y tú, ¿qué dijiste?2 (subject, familiar, plural - men) vosotros; (- women) vosotrasyou two, where are you going? vosotros dos, ¿adónde vais?3 (subject, polite, singular) usted, Vd., Ud.4 (subject, polite, plural) ustedes, Vds., Uds.5 (subject, impersonal) se, unosometimes you just have to say no, don't you? a veces, uno tiene que decir que no, ¿verdad?I'm going with you, without you I'm lost voy contigo, sin ti estoy perdido7 (object, familiar, plural) os; (with preposition) vosotros,-asgood morning, sir, can I help you? buenos días, señor, ¿puedo ayudarlo?I'm sorry madam, I can't hear you perdone señora, no la oigogood morning, gentlemen, can I help you? buenos días, señores, ¿puedo ayudarlos?I'm sorry ladies, I don't understand you lo siento señoras, no las entiendogentlemen, this is for you señores, esto es para ustedes10 (indirect object, polite, singular) le11 (indirect object, polite, plural) les12 (object, impersonal)you ['ju:] pron1) (used as subject - familiar) : tú; vos in some Latin American countries; ustedes pl; vosotros, vosotras pl Spainhe told it to you: te lo contóI gave them to (all of, both of) you: se los di5) (used after a preposition - familiar) : ti; vos in some Latin American countries; ustedes pl; vosotros, vosotras pl Spainyou never know: nunca se sabeyou have to be aware: hay que ser conscienteyou mustn't do that: eso no se hace8)9)pron.• le pron.• te pron. (formal)pron.• usted pron. (formal, plural)pron.• vosotros pron.pl. (informal)pron.• tú pron.• ustedes pron.pron.• te pron.juː1) ( sing)a) ( as subject - familiar) tú, vos (AmC, RPl); (- formal) ustednow you try — ahora prueba tú/pruebe usted, ahora probá vos (AmC, RPl)
if I were you — yo que tú/que usted, yo en tu/en su lugar, yo que vos (AmC, RPl)
b) ( as direct object - familiar) te; (- formal, masculine) lo, le (Esp); (- formal, feminine) laI saw you, Pete — te vi, Pete
I saw you, Mr Russell — lo vi, señor Russell, le vi, señor Russell (Esp)
c) ( as indirect object - familiar) te; (- formal) le; (- with direct object pronoun present) seI told you — te dije/le dije
I gave it to you — te lo di/se lo di
d) ( after prep - familiar) ti, vos (AmC, RPl); (- formal) ustedfor you — para ti/usted, para vos (AmC, RPl)
with you — contigo/con usted
2) (pl)a) (as subject, after preposition - familiar) ustedes (AmL), vosotros, -tras (Esp); (- formal) ustedesbe quiet, you two — ustedes dos: cállense!, vosotros dos: callaos! (Esp)
come on, you guys! — vamos, chicos
b) ( as direct object - familiar) los, las (AmL), os (Esp); (- formal, masculine) los, les (Esp); (- formal, feminine) lasI heard you, gentlemen — los or (Esp tb) les oí, caballeros
I heard you, boys/girls — los/las oí, chicos/chicas (AmL), os oí, chicos/chicas (Esp)
c) ( as indirect object - familiar) les (AmL), os (Esp); (- formal) les; (- with direct object pronoun present) seI gave you the book — les or (Esp tb) os di el libro
I gave it to you — se or (Esp tb) os lo di
3) ( one)a) ( as subject) uno, unayou can't do that here — aquí uno no puede or no se puede or no puedes hacer eso
b) ( as direct object) tepeople stop you in the street and ask for money — la gente te para en la calle y te pide dinero, la gente lo para a uno en la calle y le pide dinero
c) ( as indirect object) tethey never tell you the truth — nunca te dicen la verdad, nunca le dicen la verdad a uno
[juː]PRON Note that subject pronouns are used less in Spanish than in English - mainly for emphasis or to avoid ambiguity.1) (sing)what do you think about it? — ¿y tú que piensas?
I told you to do it — te dije a ti que lo hicieras, es a ti a quien dije que lo hicieras
•
it's for you — es para ti•
she's taller than you — es más alta que tú•
can I come with you — ¿puedo ir contigo?b) frm (=as subject) usted, Ud, Vd; (as direct object) lo/la, le (Sp); (as indirect object) le; (after prep) usted, Ud, VdChange [le] to [se] before a direct object pronoun:I saw you, Mrs Jones — la vi, señora Jones
•
this is for you — esto es para usted•
they're taller than you — son más altos que usted2) (pl)a) (familiar) (=as subject) vosotros(-as) (Sp), ustedes (LAm); (as direct object) os (Sp), los/las (LAm); (as indirect object) os (Sp), les (LAm); (after prep) vosotros(-as) (Sp), ustedes (LAm)you're sisters, aren't you? — vosotras sois hermanas, ¿no?
you stay here, and I'll go and get the key — (vosotros) quedaos aquí, que yo iré a por la llave
•
I live upstairs from you — vivo justo encima de vosotros•
they've done it better than you — lo han hecho mejor que vosotros•
they'll go without you — irán sin vosotrosb) frm (=as subject) ustedes, Uds, Vds; (as direct object) los/las, les (Sp); (as indirect object) les; (after prep) ustedes, Uds, Vdsare you brothers? — ¿son (ustedes) hermanos?
Change [les] to [se] before a direct object pronoun:may I help you? — ¿puedo ayudarlos?
•
we arrived after you — llegamos después de ustedes3) (general)When you means "one" or "people" in general, the impersonal se is often used:you can't do that — no se puede hacer eso, eso no se hace, eso no se permite
you can't smoke here — no se puede fumar aquí, no se permite fumar aquí, se prohíbe fumar aquí
A further possibility is [uno]:you never know, you never can tell — nunca se sabe
Impersonal constructions are also used:you never know whether... — uno nunca sabe si...
you need to check it every day — hay que comprobarlo cada día, conviene comprobarlo cada día
you doctors! — ¡vosotros, los médicos!
•
between you and me — entre tú y yo•
you fool! — ¡no seas tonto!•
that's lawyers for you! — ¡para que te fíes de los abogados!there's a pretty girl for you! — ¡mira que chica más guapa!
•
if I were or was you — yo que tú, yo en tu lugar•
you there! — ¡oye, tú!YOU When translating you, even though you often need not use the pronoun itself, you will have to choose between using familiar tú/vosotros verb forms and the polite usted/ ustedes ones. ► In Spain, use tú and the plural vosotros/ vosotras with anyone you call by their first name, with children and younger adults. Use usted/ ustedes with people who are older than you, those in authority and in formal contexts. ► In Latin America usage varies depending on the country and in some places only the usted forms are used. Where the tú form does exist, only use it with people you know very well. In other areas vos, used with verb forms that are similar to the vosotros ones, often replaces tú. This is standard in Argentina and certain Central American countries while in other countries it is considered substandard. Use ustedes for all cases of you in the plural. For further uses and examples, see main entry•
that dress just isn't you — ese vestido no te sienta bien* * *[juː]1) ( sing)a) ( as subject - familiar) tú, vos (AmC, RPl); (- formal) ustednow you try — ahora prueba tú/pruebe usted, ahora probá vos (AmC, RPl)
if I were you — yo que tú/que usted, yo en tu/en su lugar, yo que vos (AmC, RPl)
b) ( as direct object - familiar) te; (- formal, masculine) lo, le (Esp); (- formal, feminine) laI saw you, Pete — te vi, Pete
I saw you, Mr Russell — lo vi, señor Russell, le vi, señor Russell (Esp)
c) ( as indirect object - familiar) te; (- formal) le; (- with direct object pronoun present) seI told you — te dije/le dije
I gave it to you — te lo di/se lo di
d) ( after prep - familiar) ti, vos (AmC, RPl); (- formal) ustedfor you — para ti/usted, para vos (AmC, RPl)
with you — contigo/con usted
2) (pl)a) (as subject, after preposition - familiar) ustedes (AmL), vosotros, -tras (Esp); (- formal) ustedesbe quiet, you two — ustedes dos: cállense!, vosotros dos: callaos! (Esp)
come on, you guys! — vamos, chicos
b) ( as direct object - familiar) los, las (AmL), os (Esp); (- formal, masculine) los, les (Esp); (- formal, feminine) lasI heard you, gentlemen — los or (Esp tb) les oí, caballeros
I heard you, boys/girls — los/las oí, chicos/chicas (AmL), os oí, chicos/chicas (Esp)
c) ( as indirect object - familiar) les (AmL), os (Esp); (- formal) les; (- with direct object pronoun present) seI gave you the book — les or (Esp tb) os di el libro
I gave it to you — se or (Esp tb) os lo di
3) ( one)a) ( as subject) uno, unayou can't do that here — aquí uno no puede or no se puede or no puedes hacer eso
b) ( as direct object) tepeople stop you in the street and ask for money — la gente te para en la calle y te pide dinero, la gente lo para a uno en la calle y le pide dinero
c) ( as indirect object) tethey never tell you the truth — nunca te dicen la verdad, nunca le dicen la verdad a uno
-
57 turn
A n1 (opportunity, in rotation) tour m ; to wait one's turn attendre son tour ; it's my turn gen c'est mon tour ; ( in game) c'est à moi de jouer ; whose turn is it? gen c'est à qui le tour? ; ( in game) c'est à qui de jouer? ; ‘miss a turn’ ‘passez votre tour’ ; to be sb's turn to do être à qn or au tour de qn de faire ; it's your turn to make the coffee c'est à toi or à ton tour de faire le café ; it was his turn to feel rejected il se sentait rejeté à son tour ; to have a turn on or at or with the computer utiliser l'ordinateur à son tour ; to have a turn at driving prendre son tour de conduite ; to take turns at doing, to take it in turns to do faire qch à tour de rôle ; to do sth turn and turn about faire qch à tour de rôle ; take it in turns! chacun son tour! ; by turns tour à tour ; to feel happy and depressed by turns être tour à tour heureux et malheureux ; to speak out of turn fig commettre un impair ; I hope I haven't spoken out of turn j'espère ne pas avoir commis d'impair ;2 ( circular movement) tour m ; to give sth a turn tourner qch ; to give sth half a turn to the left faire tourner qch d'un demi-tour vers la gauche ; to do a turn [dancer] faire un tour ; to take a turn in the park faire un tour dans le parc ;3 ( in vehicle) virage m ; a 90° turn un virage à 90° ; to make ou do a left/right turn tourner à gauche/à droite ; to do a turn in the road faire un demi-tour ; ‘no left turn’ ‘défense de tourner à gauche’ ;4 (bend, side road) tournant m, virage m ; there's a left turn ahead il y a un tournant or virage à gauche plus loin ; brake before you go into the turn freinez avant de prendre le virage ; take the next right turn, take the next turn on the right prenez la prochaine (rue) à droite ;5 (change, development) tournure f ; the turn of events la tournure des événements ; this is an extraordinary turn of events les événements ont pris une tournure extraordinaire ; to take an encouraging/a worrying turn [events] prendre une tournure encourageante/inquiétante ; to take a turn for the better [person, situation] s'améliorer ; [things, events] prendre une meilleure tournure ; to take a turn for the worse [situation] se dégrader ; [health] s'aggraver ; she has taken a turn for the worse elle va de plus en plus mal ; to be on the turn [luck, milk] commencer à tourner ; [tide] commencer à changer ; ⇒ century ;6 ○ GB ( attack) crise f, attaque f ; she's had one of her turns again elle a eu une nouvelle crise or attaque ; a giddy ou dizzy turn un vertige ; to have a funny turn se sentir tout/-e chose ○ ; it gave me quite a turn, it gave me a nasty turn ça m'a fait un coup ○ ;7 ( act) numéro m ; a comic/variety turn un numéro comique/de variété ; to do a/one's turn faire un/son numéro.1 ( in rotation) [answer, speak] à tour de rôle ; she spoke to each of us in turn elle nous a parlé chacun à notre tour ;2 ( linking sequence) à son tour ; this in turn leads to higher inflation ceci à son tour fait augmenter l'inflation ; I invited Andrew who in turn invited Robert j'ai invité Andrew qui à son tour a invité Robert.C vtr1 ( rotate) [person] tourner [knob, wheel, handle] ; serrer [screw] ; [mechanism] faire tourner [cog, wheel] ; to turn sth to the right/left tourner qch vers la droite/gauche ; to turn sth to ‘on’/‘off’ tourner qch sur (la position) ‘marche’/‘arrêt’ ; to turn a switch through 90 degrees faire tourner un sélecteur de 90 degrés ; to turn sth halfway/the wrong way tourner qch d'un demi-tour/dans le mauvais sens ; to turn the key in the door ou lock ( lock up) fermer la porte à clé ; ( unlock) tourner la clé dans la serrure ; to turn the key on sb enfermer qn à clé ;2 (turn over, reverse) retourner [mattress, soil, steak, collar] ; tourner [page] ; to turn sb onto his side/back retourner qn sur le côté/dos ; to turn one's ankle se tordre la cheville ; it turns my stomach cela me soulève le cœur, cela m'écœure ;3 ( change direction of) tourner [chair, head, face, car] ; to turn a picture to the wall tourner un tableau face au mur ; to turn one's face towards tourner le visage vers ; to turn one's steps towards tourner or diriger ses pas vers ; to turn one's attention ou mind to tourner son attention vers ; to turn one's back on lit tourner le dos à [group, place] ; fig laisser tomber [friend, ally] ; abandonner [homeless, needy] ; as soon as my back is turned lit, fig dès que j'ai le dos tourné ; to turn one' s back on the past tourner la page ; to turn sb from one's door chasser qn ;4 (focus, direction of) to turn sth on sb braquer qch sur qn [gun, hose, torch] ; fig diriger qch sur qn [anger, scorn] ;5 ( transform) to turn sth white/black blanchir/noircir qch ; to turn sth milky/opaque rendre qch laiteux/opaque ; to turn sth into transformer qch en [office, car park, desert] ; to turn water into ice/wine changer de l'eau en glace/vin ; to turn a book into a film adapter un livre pour l'écran ; turn your old newspapers into cash! convertissez vos vieux journaux en argent! ; to turn sb into [magician] changer qn en [frog] ; [experience] faire de qn [extrovert, maniac] ; it turned him from a normal child into a delinquent cela a transformé l'enfant normal qu'il était en délinquant ; to stand there as if turned to stone rester là comme pétrifié ;6 ( deflect) détourner [person, conversation] ; to turn the conversation towards ou onto sth détourner or faire dévier la conversation vers qch ; to turn sb from a course of action/from her purpose détourner qn d'une ligne de conduite/de son but ;7 ○ ( pass the age of) he has turned 50 il a 50 ans passés ; she has just turned 20/30 elle vient d'avoir 20/30 ans ; as soon as I turn 18 dès que j'aurai mes 18 ans ; it's just turned five o'clock il est cinq heures passées ;10 ( in espionage) retourner [spy, agent].D vi1 ( change direction) [person, car, plane, road] tourner ; [ship] virer ; to turn (to the) left/right tourner à gauche/droite ; to turn to the east/the west tourner à l'est/l'ouest ; to turn down ou into tourner dans [street, alley] ; to turn off quitter [main road, street] ; to turn towards tourner en direction de [village, mountains] ; I turned towards home j'ai repris le chemin de la maison ; her thoughts turned to her family ses pensées se sont tournées vers sa famille ; the conversation turned to Ellie on en est venu/ils en sont venus à parler d'Ellie ; he later turned to teaching plus tard il s'est tourné vers l'enseignement ;2 ( reverse direction) [person, vehicle] faire demi-tour ; [tide] changer ; [luck] tourner ; there's no room for the bus to turn le bus n'a pas assez de place pour faire demi- tour ; ‘no turning’ ( in driveway) ‘propriété privée, défense d'entrer’ ; ⇒ turn around ;3 ( revolve) [key, wheel, planet] tourner ; [person] se tourner (to, towards vers) ; to turn on its axis tourner sur son axe ; a key turned in the lock une clé a tourné dans la serrure ; to turn in one's chair se retourner dans sa chaise ; to turn and face the camera se tourner vers la caméra ; to turn and walk out of the room faire demi-tour et sortir de la pièce ; to turn to do se retourner pour faire ; to turn to face sth se retourner vers qch ; to turn and fight se retourner pour se battre ; to turn to lie on one's side se tourner pour se mettre sur le côté ; I turned once again to my book/my work j'ai repris encore une fois ma lecture/mon travail ;4 fig ( hinge) to turn on [argument] tourner autour de [point, issue] ; [outcome] dépendre de [factor] ;6 fig (resort to, rely on) to turn to se tourner vers [person, religion] ; to turn to drink se mettre à boire ; to turn to drugs commencer à se droguer ; to turn to sb for se tourner vers qn pour demander [help, advice, money] ; I don't know who to turn to for advice je ne sais vers qui me tourner pour demander conseil ; I don't know where ou which way to turn je ne sais plus où donner la tête ○ ;7 ( change) to turn into [tadpole] se transformer en [frog] ; [sofa] se transformer en [bed] ; [situation, evening] tourner à [farce, disaster] ; [conversation] tourner à [shouting match] ; ( magically) [person] se transformer en [animal, prince etc] ; to turn to [substance] se changer en [ice, gold etc] ; [fear, surprise] faire place à [horror, relief] ; his hopes had turned to dust ses espoirs étaient réduits en poussière ;8 ( become by transformation) devenir [pale, cloudy, green] ; to turn white/black/red gen blanchir/noircir/rougir ; Chem virer au blanc/noir/rouge ; the weather is turning cold/warm le temps se rafraîchit/se réchauffe ; events turned tragic les événements ont tourné au tragique ;9 ○ ( have change of heart) devenir [Conservative, Communist] ; businesswoman turned politician ancienne femme d'affaires devenue politicienne ; to turn ○ Catholic/Muslim se convertir au catholicisme/à l'islam ; to turn traitor se mettre à trahir ;10 ( go sour) [milk] tourner ;11 [trees, leaves] jaunir.at every turn à chaque instant, à tout moment ; one good turn deserves another Prov c'est un prêté pour un rendu ; to be done to a turn être cuit à point ; to do sb a good turn rendre un service à qn ; to feel another turn of the screw sentir la pression augmenter encore.■ turn against:▶ turn against [sb/sth] se retourner contre ;▶ turn [sb] against retourner [qn] contre [person, ideology].■ turn around:1 ( to face other way) [person] se retourner, faire demi-tour (to do pour faire) ; [bus, vehicle] faire demi-tour ;2 fig you can't just turn around and say you've changed your mind tu ne peux pas tout simplement dire que tu as changé d'avis ; what if he just turns around and says no? et si jamais il disait non? ;3 (revolve, rotate) [object, windmill, dancer] tourner ;4 ( change trend) the market has turned around il y a eu un renversement de situation sur le marché ; sales have turned round il y a eu un renversement de tendance dans les ventes ;5 Transp ( unload and reload) décharger et charger ;▶ turn [sth] around, turn around [sth]1 ( to face other way) tourner [qch] dans l'autre sens [car, chair, piano, head, baby] ;2 ( reverse decline in) redresser [situation, economy, company] ; redresser la situation de [political party, factory] ;3 Transp ( unload and reload) décharger et mettre en état de repartir [plane, ship] ; the plane can be turned around in an hour l'avion peut être déchargé et prêt à reprendre l'air en une heure ;4 ( rephrase) reformuler [question, sentence].■ turn aside se détourner (from de).■ turn away:▶ turn away se détourner ; to turn away in disgust/horror se détourner avec dégoût/horreur ;▶ turn [sth] away, turn away [sth] détourner [head, torch] ;▶ turn [sb] away, turn away [sb] refuser [spectator, applicant] ; ne pas laisser entrer [salesman, caller] ; chasser [beggar] ; I was turned away from the Ritz on ne m'a pas laissé entrer au Ritz.■ turn back:1 ( turn around) ( usu on foot) rebrousser chemin ; ( usu in vehicle) faire demi-tour ; it's too late to turn back lit il est trop tard pour faire demi-tour ; fig il est trop tard pour revenir en arrière ; there's no turning back fig il n'est pas question de revenir en arrière ;2 ( in book) revenir (to à) ;▶ turn [sth] back, turn back [sth]1 ( rotate backwards) reculer [dial, clock] ; to turn one's watch back five minutes retarder sa montre de cinq minutes ;▶ turn [sb] back, turn back [sb] faire faire demi-tour à, refouler [marchers, refugees, heavy vehicles] ; to be turned back at the border être refoulé à la frontière.■ turn down:▶ turn down [graph, curve] descendre ; his mouth turns down at the corners il a une bouche aux commissures tombantes ;▶ turn [sth] down, turn down [sth]1 ( reduce) baisser [volume, radio, heating, light, gas] ;▶ turn [sb/sth] down, turn down [sb/sth] refuser [suitor, candidate, request, application] ; rejeter [offer, suggestion].■ turn in:▶ turn in1 ○ ( go to bed) aller se coucher ;2 ( point inwards) his toes turn in il a les pieds tournés en dedans ; to turn in on itself [leaf, page] se recroqueviller ; to turn in on oneself fig se replier sur soi-même ;▶ turn in [sth], turn [sth] in ○1 ( hand in) rendre [membership, badge, homework] ;2 ( produce) to turn in a profit rapporter un bénéfice ; to turn in a good performance [player] bien jouer ; [company] avoir de bons résultats ; [currency, share] augmenter ;3 (give up, stop) laisser tomber ○ [job, activity] ;▶ turn [sb] in, turn in [sb] livrer [suspect] (to à) ;▶ turn oneself in se livrer.■ turn off:▶ turn off1 ( leave road) tourner ; turn off at the next exit prends la prochaine sortie ;2 [motor, fan] s'arrêter ; where does the light turn off? où est-ce qu'on éteint la lumière? ;▶ turn off [sth], turn [sth] off éteindre [light, oven, TV, radio, computer] ; fermer [tap] ; couper [water, gas, electricity, engine] ; turn that rubbish off! ○ éteins-moi ça! ○ ;■ turn on:▶ turn on [oven, device] s'allumer ;▶ turn on [sth], turn [sth] on allumer [light, oven, TV, radio, computer, gas, electricity] ; ouvrir [tap] ; to turn the water back on rouvrir l'eau ; to turn the electricity back on rétablir le courant ; to turn sth on like a tap fig faire qch sur commande ; to turn on the pressure fig mettre la pression ; ⇒ charm, heat ;▶ turn [sb] on, turn on [sb] ○ exciter ; to be turned on être excité (by par) ; to turn sb on to sth ○ brancher ○ qn sur [drug].■ turn out:▶ turn out1 ( be eventually) to turn out well/badly bien/mal se terminer ; to turn out differently prendre une tournure différente ; to turn out all right s'arranger ; it depends how things turn out cela dépend de la façon dont les choses vont tourner ; that child will turn out badly cet enfant tournera mal ; to turn out to be ( prove to be) se révéler, s'avérer être ; to turn out to be wrong se révéler faux ; the job turned out (to be) difficult finalement le travail a été difficile, le travail s'est avéré difficile fml ; it turned out to be a good decision finalement cela a été une bonne décision, cela s'est avéré être une bonne décision fml ; it turns out that il se trouve que, il s'avère que ; it turned out (that) she knew him il s'est trouvé qu'elle le connaissait ; as it turned out en fin de compte ;2 ( come out) [crowd, people] venir (to do pour faire ; for à) ; the fans turn out every Saturday les fans sont là tous les samedis ; we had to turn out at six GB il fallait être là à six heures ;3 ( point outwards) his toes ou feet turn out il a les pieds tournés en dehors ;▶ turn [sth] out, turn out [sth]1 ( turn off) éteindre [light] ;4 to turn one's toes ou feet out marcher en canard ;▶ turn [sb] out, turn out [sb]1 ( evict) mettre [qn] à la porte ; to turn sb out into the street jeter qn à la rue ;■ turn over:1 ( roll over) [person] se retourner ; [car] se retourner, faire un tonneau ; [boat] se retourner, chavirer ; to turn over and over [person, object] faire plusieurs tours ; [car] faire plusieurs tonneaux ;2 ( turn page) tourner la page ;3 [engine] se mettre en marche ;▶ turn [sth/sb] over, turn over [sth/sb]1 ( turn) tourner [page, paper] ; retourner [card, object, mattress, soil, baby, patient] ; faire chavirer [ship] ; he turned the car over sa voiture a fait un tonneau ;2 ( hand over) remettre [object, money, find, papers] (to à) ; livrer [person, fugitive] (to à) ; remettre la succession de [company, business] (to à) ; transmettre [control, power] (to à) ; I'm turning the new recruits over to you les nouvelles recrues sont à vous ;3 ( reflect) I've been turning it over in my mind j'y ai bien réfléchi ;6 [battery, starter motor] faire tourner [engine].■ turn to† GB se mettre au travail, s'y mettre.■ turn up:▶ turn up1 (arrive, show up) arriver, se pointer ○ (to, at à ; for pour) ; to turn up late arriver en retard ; to turn up in jeans se pointer ○ en jean ; she didn't turn up elle ne s'est pas pointée ○ ; guess who turned up at the station devine qui s'est pointé ○ à la gare ;2 ( be found) don't worry-it will turn up ne t'inquiète pas-tu finiras par le retrouver ;3 ( present itself) [opportunity, job] se présenter ; something will turn up (for me/for you etc) je finirai/tu finiras etc par trouver quelque chose ;▶ turn up [sth], turn [sth] up1 (increase, intensify) augmenter [heating, lighting, volume, gas] ; mettre [qch] plus fort [TV, radio, music] ;3 ( discover) déterrer [buried object] ; [person] dénicher ○ [discovery, information] ; facts turned up by the inquiry faits révélés or mis au jour par l'enquête. -
58 Usage note : be
I am tired= je suis fatiguéCaroline is French= Caroline est françaisethe children are in the garden= les enfants sont dans le jardinIt functions in very much the same way as to be does in English and it is safe to assume it will work as a translation in the great majority of cases.Note, however, that when you are specifying a person’s profession or trade, a/an is not translated:she’s a doctor= elle est médecinClaudie is still a student= Claudie est toujours étudianteThis is true of any noun used in apposition when the subject is a person:he’s a widower= il est veufButLyons is a beautiful city= Lyon est une belle villeFor more information or expressions involving professions and trades consult the usage note Shops, Trades and Professions.For the conjugation of the verb être see the French verb tables.Grammatical functionsThe passiveêtre is used to form the passive in French just as to be is used in English. Note, however, that the past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject:the rabbit was killed by a fox= le lapin a été tué par un renardthe window had been broken= la fenêtre avait été casséetheir books will be sold= leurs livres seront vendusour doors have been repainted red= nos portes ont été repeintes en rougeIn spoken language, French native speakers find the passive cumbersome and will avoid it where possible by using the impersonal on where a person or people are clearly involved : on a repeint nos portes en rouge.Progressive tensesIn French the idea of something happening over a period of time cannot be expressed using the verb être in the way that to be is used as an auxiliary verb in English.The presentFrench uses simply the present tense where English uses the progressive form with to be:I am working= je travailleBen is reading a book= Ben lit un livreIn order to accentuate duration être en train de is used: je suis en train de travailler ; Ben est en train de lire un livre.The futureFrench also uses the present tense where English uses the progressive form with to be:we are going to London tomorrow= nous allons à Londres demainI’m (just) coming!= j’arrive!I’m (just) going!= j’y vais!The pastTo express the distinction between she read a newspaper and she was reading a newspaper French uses the perfect and the imperfect tenses: elle a lu un journal/elle lisait un journal:he wrote to his mother= il a écrit à sa mèrehe was writing to his mother= il écrivait à sa mèreHowever, in order to accentuate the notion of describing an activity which went on over a period of time, the phrase être en train de (= to be in the process of) is often used:‘what was he doing when you arrived?’‘he was cooking the dinner’= ‘qu’est-ce qu’il faisait quand tu es arrivé?’ ‘il était en train de préparer le dîner’she was just finishing her essay when …= elle était juste en train de finir sa dissertation quand …The compound pastCompound past tenses in the progressive form in English are generally translated by the imperfect in French:I’ve been looking for you= je te cherchaisFor progressive forms + for and since (I’ve been waiting for an hour, I had been waiting for an hour, I’ve been waiting since Monday etc.) see the entries for and since.ObligationWhen to be is used as an auxiliary verb with another verb in the infinitive ( to be to do) expressing obligation, a fixed arrangement or destiny, devoir is used:she’s to do it at once= elle doit le faire tout de suitewhat am I to do?= qu’est-ce que je dois faire?he was to arrive last Monday= il devait arriver lundi derniershe was never to see him again= elle ne devait plus le revoir.In tag questionsFrench has no direct equivalent of tag questions like isn’t he? or wasn’t it? There is a general tag question n’est-ce pas? (literally isn’t it so?) which will work in many cases:their house is lovely, isn’t it?= leur maison est très belle, n’est-ce pas?he’s a doctor, isn’t he?= il est médecin, n’est-ce pas?it was a very good meal, wasn’t it?= c’était un très bon repas, n’est-ce pas?However, n’est-ce pas can very rarely be used for positive tag questions and some other way will be found to express the extra meaning contained in the tag: par hasard ( by any chance) can be very useful as a translation:‘I can’t find my glasses’ ‘they’re not in the kitchen, are they?’= ‘je ne trouve pas mes lunettes’ ‘elles ne sont pas dans la cuisine, par hasard?’you haven’t seen Gaby, have you?= tu n’as pas vu Gaby, par hasard?In cases where an opinion is being sought, si? meaning more or less or is it? or was it? etc. can be useful:it’s not broken, is it?= ce n’est pas cassé, si?he wasn’t serious, was he?= il n’était pas sérieux, si?In many other cases the tag question is simply not translated at all and the speaker’s intonation will convey the implied question.In short answersAgain, there is no direct equivalent for short answers like yes I am, no he’s not etc. Where the answer yes is given to contradict a negative question or statement, the most useful translation is si:‘you’re not going out tonight’ ‘yes I am’= ‘tu ne sors pas ce soir’ ‘si’In reply to a standard enquiry the tag will not be translated:‘are you a doctor?’ ‘yes I am’= ‘êtes-vous médecin?’ ‘oui’‘was it raining?’ ‘yes it was’= ‘est-ce qu’il pleuvait?’ ‘oui’ProbabilityFor expressions of probability and supposition ( if I were you etc.) see the entry be.Other functionsExpressing sensations and feelingsIn expressing physical and mental sensations, the verb used in French is avoir:to be cold= avoir froidto be hot= avoir chaudI’m cold= j’ai froidto be thirsty= avoir soifto be hungry= avoir faimto be ashamed= avoir hontemy hands are cold= j’ai froid aux mainsIf, however, you are in doubt as to which verb to use in such expressions, you should consult the entry for the appropriate adjective.Discussing health and how people areIn expressions of health and polite enquiries about how people are, aller is used:how are you?= comment allez-vous?( more informally) comment vas-tu?( very informally as a greeting) ça va?are you well?= vous allez bien?how is your daughter?= comment va votre fille?my father is better today= mon père va mieux aujourd’huiDiscussing weather and temperatureIn expressions of weather and temperature faire is generally used:it’s cold= il fait froidit’s windy= il fait du ventIf in doubt, consult the appropriate adjective entry.Visiting somewhereWhen to be is used in the present perfect tense to mean go, visit etc., French will generally use the verbs venir, aller etc. rather than être:I’ve never been to Sweden= je ne suis jamais allé en Suèdehave you been to the Louvre?= est-ce que tu es déjà allé au Louvre?or est-ce que tu as déjà visité le Louvre?Paul has been to see us three times= Paul est venu nous voir trois foisNote too:has the postman been?= est-ce que le facteur est passé?The translation for an expression or idiom containing the verb to be will be found in the dictionary at the entry for another word in the expression: for to be in danger see danger, for it would be best to … see best etc.This dictionary contains usage notes on topics such as the clock, time units, age, weight measurement, days of the week, and shops, trades and professions, many of which include translations of particular uses of to be. -
59 put
1. IIIput smth.1) where have I put the ticket? куда я засунул /дел/ билет?2) put things (it, one's ideas, the case, etc.) излагать что-л. и т.д.; have a neat (brilliant, graceful, logical, clear, etc.) way of putting things [уметь] четко и т.д. излагать что-л.; as he put it как он выразился; as Horace puts it как об этом пишет Гораций, как это сказано у Горация; let me put my side of the case позвольте мне изложить мою точку зрения3) put a resolution предлагать резолюцию; put a motion (a proposal, etc.) выдвигать предложение и т.д.4) put a question задавать вопрос5) put smth. sport. put the shot (the weight, etc.) толкать ядро и т.д.2. IV1) put smth., smb. somewhere put a suitcase (a bag, a box, etc.) down опустить /положить или поставить на пол или на землю/ чемодан и т.д.; will you please put the reference book (the dictionary, the hat, specimens, etc.) here (over there, somewhere, back, etc.) пожалуйста, положите сюда и т.д. справочник и т.д.; put this chair there поставьте этот стул туда; put that dog down at once and don't touch it any more опусти собаку сейчас же и больше не трогай ее; did you put the swim-suits in? ты положил [в чемодан] /уложил/ купальные костюмы?; put the rubbish out выносить мусор; put out one's tongue высунуть /показать/ язык: put one's head out высунуть голову; put out a boat вывести лодку в море; now, children, you may put your hands down a теперь, дети, можете опустить руки; put smth. in some manner put one's things (books, one's clothes, etc.) together сложить /собрать/ свои вещи и т.д.; put the hands of a clock (the minute hand, the clock, etc.) back (forward) передвинуть /перевести/ стрелки часов и т.д. назад (вперед); put the clock back an hour перевести часы на час назад; that clock is fast, I'd better put it back five minutes эти часы спешат, пожалуй, я переведу их назад на пять минут; one can't put the clock back время нельзя повернуть назад: let's put two heads together давай подумаем вместе2) put smth. somewhere put one's interests (problems of health, science, etc.) first ставить собственные интересы и т.д. на первое место; put truth first заботиться прежде всего об истине; ставить истину во главу угла3) put smth., smb. in some state put things to rights a) привести все в порядок; б) все исправить; how can we put him at [his] ease? как мы можем его успокоить?4) put smth. in some manner put a case (ideas, a proposal, a matter, facts, things, the story, etc.) clearly (plainly, bluntly, forcibly, cleverly, etc.) излагать /выражать, формулировать/ дело /суть, обстоятельства дела/ и т.д. ясно и т.д.; the report puts the facts truthfully все факты, изложенные в донесении, соответствуют действительности; the teacher puts things convincingly учитель убедительно все объясняет или излагает; to put it briefly, his idea is that... коротко говоря, его мысль состоит в том, что...; to put it frankly, I don't саге for him откровенно /честно/ говоря, он мне не нравится; to say that I was frightened is putting it mildly мягко говоря, я испугался; I don't know how to put it я не знаю, как это выразить /как это сказать/; put it so as not to offend him скажите это так, чтобы он не обиделся5) put smth. somewhere put your name here, please распишитесь здесь, пожалуйста6) || put smb. back задержать кого-л.; the traffic jam put us back a whole hour пробка на дороге задержала нас на целый час3. VIput smth. to some state put a watch (a clock) right (wrong) поставить часы правильно (неправильно); put a clock (a watch) fast (slow) отрегулировать часы так, чтобы они шли быстрее (медленнее); put things /the matter/ right исправить положение вещей /дел/; his short note put everything right его короткая записка поставила все на свои места; he put everything wrong он все испортил: the teacher put the boy right учитель поправил ребенка /объяснил ребенку, в чем его ошибка/4. VIIput smth., smb. to do smth. put dishes to drain поставить посуду сушиться; put towels to dry повесить полотенца сушиться; put her to wash dishes (the girl to take care of the children, him to mind the furnace, etc.) поручить ей мыть посуду и т.д.; he put me to work peeling potatoes он посадил меня чистить картошку5. XI1) be put on (in, under, etc.) smth. the books were put on the shelf (on the table, under the tarpaulin, etc.) книги положили на полку и т.д.; the parcels were put in a bag свертки /посылки и т.п./ были уложены в мешок; every little thing must be put in its right place каждую даже самую маленькую вещичку надо класть на [свое] место2) be put to (into, in, out of, etc.) smth. be put (in)to jail /gaol/ быть посаженным /заключенным/ в тюрьму; be put into quarantine быть отправленным /помещенным, посаженным/ в /на/ карантин; the refugees were put in the hostel беженцев разместили в общежитии; he was put to bed его уложили спать; the boy was put out of the room for being impudent мальчика вывели из комнаты за дерзкое поведение; he was put out of the court его удаляли из зала суда; be put in some manner the new boys were put together in one dormitory новичков поместили вместе в одной спальне; he has more sense than all the rest put together у него больше здравого смысла, чем у всех остальных, вместе взятых; he thought he knew more than all his teachers put together он считал, что знает больше своих учителей, вместе взятых3) be put on (to) smth. the notice was put on the front page извещение /объявление/ поместили /напечатали/ на первой странице /полосе/; it's time the child was put to school пора определить ребенка в школу; be put on an army pay-roll быть зачисленным на армейское довольствие4) be put into smth. the work that has been put into it количество труда, вложенного в это [дело]5) be put to (into, in, etc.) smth. be put to use использовать; the uses to which his invention can (may) be put возможные способы /виды/ применения /использования/ его изобретения; be put into practice найти [практическое] применение; the law was put into force закон был введен в действие; he is put to every kind of work его ставят на всякую работу, его используют на разной работе; she was put in (to) service ее отдали в прислуги; the land was put into /under/ turnips участок был засеян репой6) be put into (in, out of, etc.) smth. be is soon put into a passion (into a rage, into despair, etc.) его можно быстро привести в состояние возбуждения и т.д.; the dog was put out of pain a) собаке сняли боль; б) собаку умертвили /усыпили/, чтобы она не мучилась; you will be put in funds in due time [денежные] средства вам предоставят в надлежащее время; be put in some manner all the clocks and watches were put back (forward) an hour on Saturday night в субботу вечером все часы были переведены на час назад (вперед); the wedding was put forward to June 3d свадьбу перенесли на третье июня; the meeting was put back for a week собрание отложили на неделю || be [hard] put to it оказаться в трудном /затруднительном/ положении; surprising what he can do when he's put to it просто удивительно, что только он ни сделает, когда нужно; you will be hard put to it to find a pleasanter place than this (to find a substitute, to get the needed sum, to pay his debts, etc.) [вам будет] трудно найти более приятное место, чем это и т.д.; be hard put to it financially находиться в затруднительном материальном положении; any doubt on this point can be easily put at rest любые сомнения на этот счет можно легко развеять7) be put to (on, into, in, out of) smth. I have been put to great inconvenience мне это было крайне неудобно; I have been put to great expense меня это ввело в большей расход; be put to the vote быть поставленным на голосование; the motion was put to the vote это предложение было поставлено на голосование; he's already been put to death его уже казнили; he was put on trial a) его предали суду; б) его взяли [на работу] с испытательным сроком; the company will be put in liquidation фирма будет закрыта; he was again put on the same treatment with the same good result ему провели повторный курс лечения, и результат снова оказался хорошим; be put on sale быть выпущенным в продажу; be put in (to) circulation пустить в обращение; only a few copies of the book were put in (to) circulation всего несколько экземпляров книги поступило в продажу; soon buses will be put into service on these routes вскоре по этим маршрутам будут пущены автобусы; these old freight cars have been put out of operation эти старые товарные вагоны сняты с эксплуатации /с линии/; the gun was put out of action орудие было выведено из строя; I had specimen pages put into type я сдал пробные страницы в набор8) be put to smth. the enemy was soon put to flight неприятель был вскоре обращен в бегство; he was put to his trump cards его заставили козырять /пойти с козырей/9) be put through smth. the bill was put through Congress last week законопроект был проведен через конгресс /был утвержден конгрессом/ на прошлой неделе10) be put at smth. the height of this hill is put at 200 metres считают /говорят/, что высота этого холма равна двумстам метрам; it is roughly put at I 5 это приблизительно равняется пяти фунтам11) be put in some manner be clearly (well, badly, etc.) put быть ясно и т.д. выраженным /изложенным/; а good story (an anecdote, a witticism, a jest, a joke, etc.) well put интересный, хорошо преподнесенный рассказ и т.д.; the case was cleverly put обстоятельства дела были умно /толково/ изложены; the compliment was clumsily put комплимент был сделан неуклюже; it was finely (gracefully, logically, etc.) put by this author об этом тонко и т.д. сказано /это тонко и т.д. сформулировано/ у данного автора; be put in a few words быть выраженным /высказанным/ несколькими словами12) be put to smb. the question was put to the chairman of the meeting (to the committee, to the management, etc.) вопрос был задан председателю собрания и т.д.13) be put on smb., smth. dues were put on cattle на крупный рогатый скот был введен налог; embargo has been put on the ship and cargo на корабль и груз было наложено эмбарго; be put under smth. the paper has been put under ban газета была запрещена14) be put (up)on smth. be put upon the stage быть поставленным на сцене; this opera was put on the air эта опера была поставлена на радио; an incident sufficiently interesting to merit being put on record этот случай вполне заслуживает того, чтобы его записать6. XVIput down (up, into, to, for, etc.) some place put down (up) the river двигаться /плыть/ вниз (вверх) по реке; put for home двигаться /направляться/ домой; the ship (the boat, etc.) put back to the shore (to harbour, to port, etc.) корабль и т.д. вернулся /повернул/ к берегу и т.д.; the ship put to Odessa судно шло в Одессу; the ship put out of Odessa судно отплыло из Одессы; the yacht put into Malta for stores (for repairs, etc.) яхта зашла на Мальту, чтобы пополнить [свои] запасы и т.д.; put to sea выйти в море; put to sea in one's yacht отправиться в морское путешествие на собственной яхте7. XVIII1) || put oneself in smb.'s place /position/ ставить себя на чье-л. место; put yourself in my place поставь себя на мое место2) put oneself over smb. coll. put oneself over an audience быть принятым публикой, добиться успеха /завоевать популярность/ у публики8. XXI11) put smth. (up)on (into, in, etc.) smth. put a letter on the table (one's hat on a chair, jewels in a safe, a book down upon the desk, the key in his pocket, a manuscript back in its place, one's clothes into the case, etc.) положить письмо на стол и т.д.; put a bottle on the table (a vase upon the mantlepiece, flowers in water, etc.) поставить бутылку на стол и т.д.; put a thing in its right place положить /поставить/ вещь на место; put a kettle on fire поставить чайник на огонь; put the dress in the cupboard повесить платье в шкаф; put a bandage on smb.'s knee накладывать повязку на колено; put one's hand on smb.'s shoulder положить руку. кому-л. на плечо; put one's arms about smb.'s neck обнять кого-л. за шею, обвить чью-л. шею руками; put one's head on the pillow положить голову на подушку; he put an асе on my king он покрыл моего короля тузом; put smb. on (to) smth. put the baby on the bed положите ребенка на кровать; put a player [back] to his former position вернуть игрока на прежнее место2) put smb. in some place put smb. in the chair поставить /назначить/ кого-л. председателем; put smb. in the shade оттеснить кого-л. на второй /на задний/ план; put smb. over (under) smb., smth. they put over him a man six years younger than himself они поставили над ним человека на шесть лет моложе него; put a colonel over a division назначить полковника командиром дивизии; they put me under him меня поставили под его начало; put smb., smth. above (before, etc.) smb., smth. he puts Keats above Byron as a poet как поэта он ставит Китса выше Байрона; he puts honour before riches честь для него важнее богатства; put a critic high among other critics ценить /ставить/ данного критика выше всех других; put smth. (up)on smb., smth. put the blame (obligations, hopes, etc.) (up)on smb. возлагать вину и т.д. на кого-л.; he put the blame on me он свалил все на меня; the obligations he had put on us обязательства, которые он на нас возложил; put one's hopes (up)on their talks (oa his decision, on chance, etc.) возлагать надежды на их переговоры и т.д.; put smth. in smb., smth. put confidence /faith, trust/ in smb. верить /доверять/ кому-л.; he puts his faith in reason он верит в силу разума; put no faith in smb.'s assertions не верить чьим-л. утверждениям; put smth. to smth. he puts her failure to lack of experience (to her ignorance, to their refusal, etc.) он относит ее провал за счет неопытности и т.д.; put their conduct to custom объяснять их поведение обычаем; put their success to her credit поставить их успех ей в заслугу || put a wrong construction on smth. а) неправильно понимать или толковать что-л.; б) истолковывать что-л. в худшую сторону; put smb. in possession of smth. ввести кого-л. во владение чем-л.; put difficulties in smb.'s way ставить /чинить/ препятствия кому-л.; put smb., smth. in (to) smb.'s hands доверить кого-л., что-л. кому-л.; put the child in (to) their hands отдать ребенка в их руки; will you put the matter in (to) my hands? не поручите ли вы мне это дело?; put yourself in (to) my hands доверьтесь мне; put smb. in charge of smth. поручить кому-л. руководство чем-л., возложить на кого-л. ответственность за что-л.; put smb. under smb.'s care /under smb.'s charge/ поручить кого-л. чьим-л. заботам; 1 shall put myself under a doctor's care я обращусь к врачу и буду делать то, что он велит; put smth. at smb.'s service предоставить что-л. в чье-л. распоряжение3) put smth. in (to) (up, down, etc.) smth. puta letter in (to) an envelope (some money in one's purse, a coin into her pocket, a stick of chewing-gum into her mouth, jewels into a box, papers in the drawer, garbage down a chute, etc.) положить письмо в конверт и т.д.; put a key in a lock (a candle into a candlestick, etc.) вставить ключ в замок и т.д.; he put his hands in (to) his pockets он засунул руки в карманы; put those things in a handbag положите все эти вещи в сумочку; put a letter in a mailbox (a halfpenny into a slot, etc.) опустить /бросить/ письмо в [почтовый] ящик и т.д.; I put a coin in a slot-machine я опустил монету в автомат; put some water in a jug налить воды в кувшин; put sugar in (to) [one's] tea класть сахар в чай; put milk in (to) one's tea наливать /добавлять/ молока себе в чай; put poison in smth. подмешать яду во что-л.; put smth. up the chimney засунуть что-л. в печную трубу; put eau-de-Cologne upon a handkerchief надушите [носовой] платок одеколоном; put seeds into ground засеять поле; put a spoke in smb.'s wheel ставить кому-л. палки в колеса; put smth. into (through) smb., smth. put d knife into smb. зарезать кого-л.; put a bullet through smb. застрелить кого-л.; put a bullet (a knife, etc.) through a wall вогнать пулю и т.д. в стену; put a bullet through one's head пустить себе пулю в лоб, застрелиться; put one's fist through a pane of glass /through a window/ разбить кулаком окно || put one's pen (pencil) through a word (through a line, through a paragraph, etc.) вычеркнуть /вымарать/ слово и т.д.; put smb. in (to) (on) smth. put smb. in a spare room in a hostel поместить /поселить/ кого-л. в свободной комнате общежития; put smb. in prison /into jail/ отправить /заключить/ кого-л. в тюрьму; put smb. in hospital (into a madhouse, etc.) поместить кого-л. в больницу и т.д.; I will put you on the bus я вас [провожу и] посажу на автобус; put smth., smb. out of smth. put one's head out of the window высунуться из окна; put disorderly people out of a meeting вывести /удалять/ хулиганов с собрания4) put smth., smb. in (to) (on) smth. put smb. in /on/ the list включить кого-л. в список; put these books in the catalogue включите эти книги в каталог; put a child in a special school отдать ребенка в специальную школу; put an ad in a paper поместить объявление в газете; put all his pieces for children (all his poems together, etc.) in one volume соберите /включите/ все его пьесы для детей и т.д. в один [отдельный] том; put fresh troops into the field вводить в бой свежие войска; put smth. under smth. put a field under wheat засеять поле пшеницей5) put smth. in (to) smth. put [one's] money (capital, etc.) in (to) a bank (in business, into land, into property, In an undertaking, into a company, into real estate, etc.) вкладывать [свои] деньги и т.д. в банк и т.д.; put one's savings into securities превращать /вкладывать/ свои сбережения в ценные бумаги; put much work into this display (many weeks into this work, many hours in this paper, etc.) вложить много труда в эту выставку и т.д.; I put much time into this design я затратил много времени, чтобы создать этот узор; put words into smb.'s mouth вложить слова в чьи-л. уста; put a word or two into smb.'s ear [about smth.] шепнуть кому-л. пару слов [о чем-л.]; put new ideas into smb.'s head внушить кому-л. новые идеи; good actors know how to put emotion into their spoken words хорошие /настоящие/ актеры умеют выразить чувства словами; you must put more nerve into your part вы должны играть эту роль более темпераментно; put smth. on smb., smth. put all one's money (a dollar, etc.) on a horse (on the favourite) ставить все свои деньги на лошадь (на фаворита); put a bet on the game делать ставку в азартной игре; put smth. into smb. put new life into a person вселять новую надежду /жизнь/ в человека; put smth., smb. out of smth. put the idea (a thing, this man, etc.) out of one's head /out of one's mind/ выбросить эту мысль и т.д. из головы; put it out of sight уберите это с глаз долой6) put smth. to (on) smth. put a new handle to a knife приделать новую рукоятку /ручку/ к ножу; I am afraid you forgot to put a stamp on your letter боюсь, что вы забыли наклеить марку на свое письмо; will you please put a patch on these trousers положите, пожалуйста, заплату на эти брюки, залатайте, пожалуйста, эти брюки; put the roof on the house покрыть дом крышей; put smth. in some piece put a cross at the bottom (one's signature on top, etc.) поставить крест внизу и т.д.7) put smth. oner (ой) smth., smb. put gold (silver, etc.) [leaf] over smth. покрывать что-л. золотом и т.д.; put a ring on a finger (a dress on a mannequin,. two socks on one foot, a coat on her shoulders, a new suit on him, etc.) надеть кольцо на палец и т.д.; put a net over a lion набросить на льва сеть; put a saddle on a horse оседлать лошадь; put smb. into smth. put a child into a sailor suit одеть ребенка в матросский костюмчик /в матроску/8) put smth. to (against) smth. put a glass to one's lips /one's lips to one's glass/ (a handkerchief to one's nose, a light to a fire, a match to a cigarette, etc.) поднести стакан к губам и т.д.; put one's hand to one's head приложить руку ко лбу; put one's eye to a telescope (to opera-glasses, to a spyglass, to a keyhole, etc.) посмотреть в телескоп и т.д.; he put a flower against her hair он приложил цветок к ее волосам; put one's lips to smb.'s ear сказать что-л. на ухо/шепнуть что-л./ кому-л. || put smb. in touch with smb., smth. связать кого-л. с кем-л., чем-л.; I'll try to put you in touch with them попробую связать вас с ними9) put smth. in (to) smth. put a plan in action проводить в жизнь план; put a plan in execution приводить план в исполнение; put a law in force /into operation/ вводить закон в действие; put a reform into effect провести реформу; put an order into effect выполнять приказ; put a principle into practice осуществлять какой-л. принцип; put one's knowledge to practical use применять свои знания на практике; put the money to a good use хорошо /разумно/ использовать деньги; put smth. in evidence выставлять /предъявлять/ что-л. как свидетельство; put smb. to smth. put smb. to work определять кого-л. на работу; put smb. to business приставить кого-л. к делу; put smb. to a trade отдать /определить/ кого-л. в учение; he put me to work at once он сразу же дал /поручил/ мне работу10) put smb. into (in, to, out of, on) some state put smb. into a rage привести кого-л. в ярость; put smb. into a fright напугать/перепугать/ кого-л.; put smb. in fear of his life заставить кого-л. дрожать за свою жизнь; put smb. into a state of anxiety разволновать кого-л., привести кого-л. в волнение; put smb. into a flutter привести кого-л. в нервное состояние, взбудоражить кого-л.; put smb. in doubt вызвать у кого-л. сомнение; put smb. to shame пристыдить кого-л.; put smb. to the blush заставить кого-л. покраснеть; put smb. in a good humour привести кого-л. в хорошее настроение /в хорошее расположение духа/; he always manages to put me in the wrong ему всегда удается показать, что я неправ; put smb. into a state of hypnosis загипнотизировать кого-л.; put smb. to bed уложить кого-л. спать; put smb. to sleep a) навевать сон кому-л.; by singing she put the baby back to sleep ребенок снова заснул под ее песенку; б) усыпить /убить/ кого-л.; we had to put the old dog to sleep нам пришлось усыпить старого пса; the doctor put the patient to bed for six weeks врач уложил больного в постель /прописал больному постельный режим/ на шесть недель; put smb. on diet посадить кого-л. на диету; put the patient on a milk diet прописать /назначить/ больному молочную диету; put smb. out of temper вывести кого-л. из себя; put smb. out of patience вывести кого-л. из терпения; put smb. out of humour испортить кому-л. настроение; put smb. out of suspense успокоить кого-л.; put smb. out of countenance привести кого-л. в замешательство, смутить кого-л.; put the poor man out of misery избавить несчастного [человека] от страданий; put smb. out of employment лишать кого-л. работы; put smb. out of business разорить кого-л.; put smth. in (into, out of) some state put one's room (one's dress, one's affairs, the house, etc.) in order привести свою комнату и т.д. в порядок; put manuscripts in order for publication подготовить рукописи к изданию; I want to put my report into shape я хочу привести в порядок /отредактировать/ свой доклад; put figures into the form of diagrams представить /дать/ цифры в форме диаграмм; put data into tabular form привести данные в табличной форме; put names in alphabetical order расположить фамилии в алфавитном порядке; put the piano in tune настроить рояль; put a country in a state of defence подготовить страну к обороне; put a machine out of order /out of gear/ сломать машину; put a bus out of service снять автобус с линии; put a warship out of action вывести военный корабль из боя || put smb. in mind of smth., smb. напоминать кому-л. что-л., кого-л.; this put me in mind of my youth (of his promise, of her sister, etc.) это напомнило мне мою юность и т.д.; put smth., smb. on its, on one's legs again снова поставить что-л., кого-л. на ноги; he tried to put the firm on its legs again он попробовал вдохнуть в фирму новую жизнь11) put smb. to smth. put smb. to inconvenience причинять кому-л. неудобство; I am putting you to a good deal of trouble я доставляю /причиняю/ вам массу хлопот; you have put me to great /heavy/ expense вы ввели меня в большие расходы; put smb. to torture пытать кого-л., подвергать кого-л. пыткам; put smb. to trial возбуждать против кого-л. дело в суде; предать кого-л. суду; put smb. to death казнить кого-л.; put smth. to smth., smb. put an end /a stop/ (a check, etc.) to smth. положить конец чему-л., прекратить что-л.; the news put an end to our hopes это известие лишило нас надежды; put an end to smb. покончить с кем-л., ликвидировать кого-л.; put an end to oneself /to one's life/ покончить жизнь самоубийством; put an end to a practice прекратить практику; put smb. in smth. put smb. in an unpleasant position /in a fix, in a hole/ поставить кого-л. в неприятное или затруднительное положение; put smb., smth. through (on, to, etc.) smth. put them through a course of English обязать их прослушать курс английского языка /пройти подготовку по английскому языку/; put smb. through an ordeal подвергать кого-л. тяжелому испытанию; put smb. through a severe /stiff/ cross-examination устроить кому-л. суровый перекрестный допрос; put smb. through it coll. задать кому-л. жару; put goods on (in) the market /to sale, into circulation/ выпустить товар в продажу; he put the car through some tests он несколько раз проверял /испытывал/ машину; put smb., smth. to the test подвергать кого-л., что-л. испытанию; проверять кого-л., что-л. || put smth. to the vote ставить вопрос на голосование; put a motion (a proposal, a matter, a resolution, a decision, etc.) to the vote ставить предложение и т.д. на голосование; put the painting on exhibition выставить картину для обозрения; put smb. under arrest арестовать кого-л.; put pressure on smth., smb. оказывать давление на что-л., кого-л.; they put it over us coll. они нас провели, они обвели нас вокруг пальца12) put smb., smth. to (in, into) smth. put the enemy (an army, the gang, thieves, etc.) to flight обратить неприятеля и т.д. в бегство; put an engine in motion /into operation/ включить мотор; put a piece of mechanism in motion /into operation/ приводить в движение механизм; put new cars into service ввести в эксплуатацию новые машины; put smth. into production (into circulation, etc.) пускать что-л. в производство и т.д.13) put smb. on smth. put smb. on his mettle заставить кого-л. проявить себя с лучшей стороны /проявить рвение/; your presence will put him on his best behaviour ваше присутствие заставит его проявить себя с лучшей стороны или вести себя самым лучшим образом; put smb. on his guard заставить кого-л. насторожиться; put smb. through smth. put a horse through his paces заставлять лошадь показать, что она умеет14) put smth., smb. (in)to (on, over, across, etc.) smth. put a ship /the rudder/ (in)to port /harbour/ направить корабль в порт; put a fleet to sea направить флот в море; put a satellite into orbit [around the earth] вывести спутник на околоземную орбиту; put a horse's head towards home повернуть /направить/ лошадь домой; put smb. on the right road a) показать кому-л. правильную дорогу; б) направить кого-л. на правильный путь; put smb. on the wrong scent направить кого-л. по ложному следу; put smb. across /over/ the river переправить кого-л. на другой берег [реки]15) put smth. at smth. put the distance at 5 miles считать, что расстояние равно пяти милям; they put the circulation at 60 000 они решили установить тираж в шестьдесят тысяч экземпляров; put the rent at a certain sum of money определять размер квартплаты; I put his income at t 6000 a year я думаю, что его годовой доход составляет шесть тысяч фунтов; he puts the time at about 11 он полагает, что сейчас около одиннадцати [часов]; I should put it at i 50 я бы оценил это в пятьдесят фунтов; I would put her age at not more than sixty я бы не дал ей больше шестидесяти лет || put a price on smth. назначать цену на что-л.; put a price on a painting назначить цену на картину; he put too high a price on the book он очень дорого запросил за книгу; put value on smth. ценить что-л.; I put high value on his friendship я очень высоко ценю его дружбу; what value do you put on his advice? как вы относитесь к его советам?16) put smth. on (in, etc.) smth. put one's proposals (one's ideas, one's thoughts, one's impressions, etc.) on paper излагать свои предложения и т.д. в письменной форме /в письменном виде, на бумаге/; put smth. in black and white написать что-л. черным по белому; he put his feelings (his ideas, his fancies, etc.) in (to) words он выразил свои чувства и т.д. словами; can you put that in simpler words? не можете ли вы сказать это попроще?; he wanted to go but couldn't put his wish into words он хотел уйти, но не знал, как сказать об этом; put a question in a clearer light сформулировать вопрос точнее /яснее/; let me put it in another way позвольте мне сказать об этом иначе;put smth. to /before/ smb. put it to him nicely скажите ему об этом деликатно /мягко/; you must your case before the commission вы должны свое дело изложить комиссии; when I put it to him he... a) когда я изложил ему это, он...; б) когда я предложил ему это, он...; put smth. in (to) smth. put smth. in (to) some language переводить что-л. на какой-л. язык; put a poem (a work, a novel, a story, a passage, etc.) into French (into German, into English, etc.) перевести стихотворение и т.д. на французский и т.д. язык; how would you put it in French (in Danish, in English, etc.)? как вы это скажете /как это будет/ по-французски и т.д. ?17) put smth. before (to) smth., smb. put a matter before a meeting (before a board, before the court, etc.) поставить вопрос на рассмотрение собрания и т.д.; put this case before a tribunal предложить суду рассмотреть этот вопрос; put a proposal before a committee внести предложение в комиссию; put one's grievances before the management изложить администрации свои претензии; I want to put my proposal before you я хочу, чтобы вы выслушали /обсудили, обдумали/ мое предложение; I shall put your suggestion to the board at the next meeting я сообщу о вашем предложении на следующем собрании правления; put smth. in (to) smth. put the questions in (to) writing пришлите или изложите вопросы в письменной форме18) put smth. to smb. put a question to smb. задать кому-л. вопрос; put a riddle to smb. загадать кому-л. загадку19) put smth. in (to, on, under, etc.) smth. put the amount in the receipt (in the expenditure, etc.) указать количество в квитанции и т.д.; put this sum to my account запишите эту сумму на мой счет; put words into blanks /into blank spaces/ заполните пропуски; put one's name /one's signature/ under a document (to a will, on the dotted line, etc.) подписывать документ и т.д., ставить свою подпись под документом и т.д.; put one's initials to a document diplom. парафировать документ; put one's seal to a document (to a will, etc.) поставить печать под документом и т.д.; put a mark /а tick/ against smb.'s name поставить галочку против чьей-л. фамилии; put macron over a vowel поставить знак долготы над гласной буквой; put markers on packages пометить тюки20) put smth. on smth., smb. put a tax (duties, customs, etc.) on these articles облагать такие предметы налогом и т.д.; put a tax on imports (on luxuries, on cigarettes, etc.) облагать ввозимые товары налогом и т.д.; put heavy dues on cattle обкладывать скот высоким налогом || put a veto on /to/ smth. наложить вето на /запретить/ что-л.; put these customs under taboo запретить эти обычаи21) put smth. on the stage put a play ("Othello", etc.) on the stage поставить какую-л. пьесу и т.д. на сцене22) put smb. to smb. put a cow to a bull /а bull to a cow/ agric. спаривать корову с быком9. XXII1) put smth. into doing smth. put energy into finishing a task приложить энергию /усилия/ к завершению работы2) put smb. to doing smth. put a boy to shoemaking определить /отдать/ мальчика в учение к сапожнику3) put smb. to doing smth. I put her to setting the table я заставил ее накрыть на стол10. XXVIII2 -
60 Language
Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reflection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)[A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling itSolving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into anotherLANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own LanguageThe forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)[It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chiefly governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)23) Language Is Inevitably Influenced by Specific Contexts of Human InteractionLanguage cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Language
См. также в других словарях:
well — 1 /wel/ adverb comparative better superlative best 1 SATISFACTORILY in a successful or satisfactory way: Did you sleep well? | James reads well for his age. | fairly/moderately/pretty well (=quite well) | go well (=happen in the way you planned… … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
well — well1 W1S1 [wel] adv comparative better [ˈbetə US ər] superlative best [best] ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(satisfactorily)¦ 2¦(thoroughly)¦ 3¦(a lot)¦ 4 do well 5 as well 6 as well as something/somebody 7 may/might/could well … Dictionary of contemporary English
well — I UK [wel] / US adverb Word forms well : comparative better UK [ˈbetə(r)] / US [ˈbetər] superlative best UK [best] / US *** Collocations: Well is used for making many compound adjectives (=formed from two or more words). In this dictionary, these … English dictionary
well — well1 [ wel ] (comparative bet|ter [ betər ] ; superlative best [ best ] ) adverb *** 1. ) in a skillful or effective way: She speaks Japanese well. very/rather/fairly/quite well: He plays the piano very well for someone of his age. a ) in a… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
well — well1 [wel] n. [ME welle < OE wella, akin to weallan, to boil up, akin to Ger welle, wave, wallen, to boil < IE base * wel , to turn, roll > WALK, L volvere, to roll] 1. a flow of water from the earth; natural spring and pool 2. a hole… … English World dictionary
well — I [[t]we̱l[/t]] DISCOURSE USES ♦ (Well is used mainly in spoken English.) 1) ADV: ADV cl You say well to indicate that you are about to say something. Sylvia shook hands. Well, you go get yourselves some breakfast. ... Well, I don t like the look … English dictionary
The Well (1951 film) — Infobox Film name = The Well image size = caption = director = Leo C. Popkin Russell Rouse producer = Clarence Greene writer = Russell Rouse Clarence Greene narrator = starring = Richard Rober Gwendolyn Laster Maidie Norman music = cinematography … Wikipedia
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mean — 1 /mi:n/ verb (T) past tense and past participle meant /ment/ 1 HAVE A PARTICULAR MEETING (not in progressive) to have or represent a particular meaning: What does Konbanwa mean in English? It means Good Evening . | The red light means Stop . |… … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
Amanda Lear — Infobox musical artist Name = Amanda Lear Img size = Img capt = Background = solo singer Birth name = Alias = Born = Allegedly birth date and age|1946|11|18 Allegedly Hong Kong, China Origin = Flag|France Genre = pop, disco, dance, dance pop,… … Wikipedia