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61 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
62 talk
1. nразговор, беседа; pl переговорыmore peace talks are going to take place / getting underway / lie ahead — переговоры о мирном урегулировании будут продолжены
to be more flexible in the talks — проявлять бо́льшую гибкость на переговорах
to begin (the) talks — начинать / открывать переговоры
to bring a country into the talks between smb — вовлекать / подключать какую-л. страну к переговорам между кем-л.
to come to the talks empty-handed — приходить на переговоры с пустыми руками ( без новых предложений)
to complete / to conclude talks — завершать переговоры
to damage the talks — вредить / мешать / препятствовать переговорам, подрывать переговоры
to demand a prompt resumption of peace talks — требовать скорейшего возобновления переговоров о мире
to derail / to disrupt the talks — срывать переговоры
to dominate the two days of talks — быть главным вопросом на переговорах, которые продлятся два дня
to extend talks amid reports of smth — продлевать переговоры, в то время как поступают сообщения о чем-л.
to hamper the talks — вредить / мешать / препятствовать переговорам, подрывать переговоры
to have / to hold further / more talks with smb — проводить дальнейшие переговоры / продолжать переговоры с кем-л.
to hold talks at the request of smb — проводить переговоры по чьей-л. просьбе
to hold talks in an exceptionally warm atmosphere — вести переговоры в исключительно теплой атмосфере
to iron out difficulties in the talks — устранять трудности, возникшие в ходе переговоров
to maintain one's talks for 10 days — продолжать переговоры еще 10 дней
to make good / substantial progress at / in the talks — добиваться значительного / существенного успеха на переговорах
to make smb more flexible in the talks — заставлять кого-л. занять более гибкую позицию на переговорах
to obstruct the talks — вредить / мешать / препятствовать переговорам, подрывать переговоры
to offer unconditional talks to smb — предлагать кому-л. провести переговоры, не сопровождаемые никакими условиями
to open (the) talks — начинать / открывать переговоры
to push forward the talks — активизировать переговоры; давать толчок переговорам
to put the proposals to arms reduction talks — ставить предложения на рассмотрение участников переговоров о сокращении вооружений
to re-launch / to reopen talks — возобновлять переговоры
to restart / to resume talks — возобновлять переговоры
to resume talks after a lapse of 18 months — возобновлять переговоры после полуторагодового перерыва
to schedule talks — намечать / планировать переговоры
to start (the) talks — начинать / открывать переговоры
to steer a diplomatic course in one's talks — проводить дипломатическую линию на переговорах
to stymie the talks — вредить / мешать / препятствовать переговорам, подрывать переговоры
to torpedo the talks — вредить / мешать / препятствовать переговорам, подрывать переговоры
- accession talksto walk out of / to withdraw from talks — уходить с переговоров, отказываться от продолжения переговоров
- after a full day of talks
- ambassadorial talks
- ambassadorial-level talks
- another round of talks gets under way today
- arduous talks
- arms control talks
- arms talks
- backstage talks
- barren talks
- beneficial talks
- bilateral talks
- bittersweet talk
- border talks
- breakdown in talks
- breakdown of talks - businesslike talks
- by means of talks
- by talks
- call for fresh talks
- carefully prepared talks
- cease-fire talks
- CFE talks
- coalition talks
- collapsed talks
- completion of talks
- conduct of talks
- confidential talks
- confrontational talks
- constructive talks
- conventional arms control talks
- conventional forces in Europe talks
- conventional stability talks
- conventional talks
- conventional-force talk
- cordial talks
- crux of the talks
- current round of talks
- deadlocked talks
- delay in the talks
- detailed talks
- direct talks
- disarmament talks
- discreet talks
- disruption of talks
- divisive talks
- early talks
- election talk
- emergency talks
- equal talks
- Europe-wide talks
- exhaustive talks
- exploratory talks
- extensive talks
- face-to-face talks
- failure at the talks
- failure of the talks
- familiarization talks
- farewell talks
- final round of talks
- follow -up talks
- follow-on talks
- force-reduction talks
- formal talks
- forthcoming talks
- four-way talks
- frank talks
- fresh round of talks
- fresh talks
- friendly atmosphere in the talks
- friendly talks
- frosty talks
- fruitful talks
- fruitless talks
- full talks
- full-scale talks
- further talks
- get-to-know-you talks
- good-faith talks
- hard-going talks
- highest-level talks
- high-level talks
- in a follow-up to one's talks
- in the course of talks
- in the last round of the talks
- in the latest round of the talks
- in the talks
- inconclusive talks
- indirect talks
- industrial promotion talks
- informal talks
- intensive talks
- intercommunal talks
- interesting talks
- interparty talks
- last-ditch talks
- last-minute talks
- lengthy talks
- low-level talks
- make-or-break talks
- man-to-man talks
- marathon talks
- MBFR talks
- meaningful talks
- mediator in the talks
- membership talks
- ministerial talks
- more talks
- multilateral talks
- Mutual and Balanced Force Reduction talks
- news lockout during the talks
- no further talks are scheduled
- non-stop talks
- normalization talks
- nuclear and space arms talks
- observer at the talks
- offer of talks
- on-and-off talks
- Open Skies Talk
- open talks
- outcome of the talks
- pace of the talks
- participant in the talks
- parties at the talks
- pay talks
- peace talks
- pep talk
- political talks
- positive talks
- preliminary talks
- preparatory talks
- present at the talks are...
- pre-summit talks
- pre-talks
- prime-ministerial talks
- private talks
- productive talks
- profound talks
- programmatic talk
- proposed talks
- proximity talks
- rapid progress in talks
- rapprochement talks
- realistic talks
- renewal of talks
- resumed talks
- resumption of talks
- reunification talks - sales talks
- SALT
- scheduled talks
- secret talks
- security talks
- sensible talks
- separate talks
- serious talks
- session of the talks
- setback in the talks
- sincere talks
- stage-by-stage talks
- stormy talks
- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
- Strategic Arms Reduction Talks
- substantial talks
- substantive talks
- successful progress of the talks
- summit talks
- talk was conducted in an atmosphere
- talk was held in an atmosphere
- talk will be dominated by the row which...
- talks about talk
- talks are alarmingly behind schedule
- talks are at a standstill
- talks are critical
- talks are deadlocked
- talks are due to resume
- talks are getting nowhere
- talks are going ahead
- talks are going well
- talks are heading for deadlock
- talks are in doubt
- talks are in high gear
- talks are in jeopardy
- talks are into their final day
- talks are not going fast enough
- talks are only a start
- talks are progressing at a snail's pace
- talks are progressing smoothly
- talks are progressing well
- talks are set to fail
- talks are stalemated
- talks are still on track
- talks are taking place in a constructive atmosphere
- talks are underway
- talks at a ministerial level
- talks at the highest level
- talks at the level of deputy foreign ministers
- talks between smb have run into last-minute difficulties
- talks between the two sides
- talks bogged down on smth
- talks broke down
- talks came to a standstill
- talks center on smth
- talks collapsed
- talks come at a time when...
- talks concentrate on
- talks dragged on for years
- talks ended in agreement
- talks ended in failure
- talks ended inconclusively
- talks ended without agreement
- talks failed to make any progress
- talks faltered on smth
- talks foundered on smth
- talks get underway
- talks go into a second day
- talks go on
- talks had a successful start
- talks had been momentous
- talks hang by a thread
- talks hang in the balance
- talks have been constructive and businesslike
- talks have broken up in failure
- talks have ended on an optimistic note
- talks have ended with little sign of agreement
- talks have ended with little sign of program
- talks have fallen through
- talks have got off to a friendly start
- talks have got off to a successful start
- talks have made little progress towards peace
- talks have never been closer to an agreement
- talks have reached deadlock
- talks have reopened
- talks have run into difficulties
- talks have run into trouble
- talks inch forward
- talks is burgeoning again about...
- talks made progress
- talks may continue into tomorrow
- talks may not get off the ground
- talks now under way
- talks of peace
- talks of procedural nature
- talks on a range of issues
- talks on conventional stability
- talks open
- talks overran by half an hour
- talks overshadowed by smth
- talks produced no results
- talks reconvene
- talks remain deadlocked
- talks restart
- talks resume
- talks stalled over the issue
- talks under the auspices of smb
- talks went into the small hours of the morning
- talks went late into the night
- talks went on late into the night
- talks went smoothly
- talks were due to start a month ago
- talks were not conclusive
- talks were suspended
- talks were warm, friendly and cordial
- talks will cover smth
- talks will focus on smth
- talks will go ahead
- talks will take place at the undersecretaries of foreign affairs level
- talks will yield an agreement
- talks with smb are not acceptable
- talks with the mediation of smb
- talks without preconditions
- talks would make little headway
- the agreement was signed at the end of 5 days of talks
- the area affected in the talks
- the outcome of the talks is not easy to predict
- the pace of the talks is slow
- the progress of the talks
- there was a sense of achievement at the end of the talks
- this problem will be at the heart of the talks
- those in the talks
- three days of talks have failed to make any tangible progress
- three-sided talks
- three-way talks
- too much talks and not enough action
- top-level talks
- touchstone of progress in the talks
- trade talks
- trilateral talks
- tripartite talks
- two-way talks
- umbrella peace talks
- unconditional talks
- United Nations-mediated talks
- United Nations-sponsored talks
- unity talks
- unofficial talk
- unproductive talks
- unscheduled talks
- useful talks
- walkout from the talks
- weighty talks
- wide range of talks
- wide-ranging talks
- workmanlike talks 2. vвести беседу, разговариватьto talk about smth — вести переговоры о чем-л.
to talk to smb direct — вести с кем-л. прямые переговоры
to talk to smb through a third party — вести переговоры с кем-л. через посредника
to talk tough — вести беседу / говорить резко
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63 rate
1. n1) норма; размер2) ставка, тариф; такса; расценка3) курс (валюты, ценных бумаг); цена4) скорость, темп5) процент, доля; коэффициент6) разряд, сорт7) местный налог; коммунальный налог
- accident rate
- accident frequency rate
- accounting rate
- accumulated earnings tax rate
- accumulated profits tax rate
- actuarial rate
- administered rate
- ad valorem
- advertising rate
- advertisement rate
- agreed rate
- air freight rates
- all-commodity rate
- all-in rate
- amortization rate
- annual rate
- annual average growth rate
- annual interest rate
- annualized rate of growth
- annual percentage rate
- annual production rate
- anticipated rate of expenditures
- any-quantity rate
- applicable rate
- area rate
- average rate
- average rate of return
- average annual rate
- average growth rate
- average tax rate
- average weighted rate
- backwardation rate
- baggage rate
- bank rate
- bank discount rate
- bank's repurchase rate
- base rate
- base lending rate
- basic rate
- rate rate of charge
- basing rate
- basis rate
- benchmark rate
- benchmark overnight bank lending rate
- berth rate
- bill rate
- birth rate
- blanket rate
- blended rate
- bond rate
- bonus rates
- borrowing rate
- bridge rate
- broken cross rates
- broker loan rate
- bulk cargo rate
- burden rate
- buyer's rate
- buying rate
- cable rates
- call rate
- call loan rate
- call money rate
- capacity rate
- capital gain rate
- capitalization rate
- carload rate
- carrier rate
- carrying over rate
- cash rate
- ceiling rate
- central rate
- cheque rate
- check rate
- class rate
- clearing rate
- closing rate
- collection rate
- column rate
- combination rate
- combination freight rate
- combination through rate
- combined rate
- commercial bank lending rates
- commission rate
- commitment rate
- commodity rate
- common freight rate
- compensation rate
- compound growth rate
- composite rate
- concessionary interest rate
- conference rate
- consumption rate
- container rate
- contango rate
- conventional rate
- conventional rate of interest
- conversion rate
- cost rate
- coupon rate
- credit rates
- cross rate
- cross-over discount rate
- crude rate
- curb rate
- currency rate
- current rate
- current rate of exchange
- customs rate
- cutback rate
- daily rate
- daily wage rate
- day rate
- death rate
- deck cargo rate
- default rate
- demand rate
- demurrage rate
- departmental overhead rate
- deposit rate
- deposit interest rate
- depreciation rate
- discharging rates
- discount rate
- dispatch rate
- distress rate
- dividend rate
- double exchange rate
- downtime rate
- drawdown rate
- drawing rate
- dual rate
- duty rate
- earned rate
- earning rate
- economic expansion rate
- economic growth rate
- effective rate
- effective rate of return
- effective annual rate
- effective exchange rate
- effective tax rate
- employment rate
- enrollment rate
- equalizing discount rate
- equilibrium exchange rate
- equilibrium growth rate
- estimated rate
- euro-dollar exchange rate
- evaluated wage rate
- exchange rate
- exchange rate to the dollar
- existing rates
- exorbitant rate
- exorbitant interest rate
- expansion rate
- expenditure rate
- export rate
- express rate
- extraction rate
- face interest rate
- failure rate
- fair rate of exchange
- favourable rate
- final rate
- financial internal rate of return
- fine rate
- first rate
- fixed rate
- fixed rate of exchange
- fixed rate of royalty
- fixed interest rate
- flat rate
- flexible exchange rate
- floating rate
- floating exchange rate
- floating interest rate
- floating prime rate
- floor rate of exchange
- fluctuant rate
- fluctuating rate
- forced rate of exchange
- foreign rate
- foreign exchange rate
- forward rate
- forward exchange rate
- free rate
- free exchange rate
- freight rate
- future rate
- general rates
- general rate of profit
- general cargo rates
- going rate
- going market rate
- going wage rates
- goods rate
- graduated rate
- group rate
- growth rate
- guaranteed wage rate
- handling rate
- high rate
- high rate of exchange
- high rate of productivity
- higher rate
- hiring rate
- hotel rates
- hourly rate
- hourly wage rate
- hurdle rate
- illness frequency rate
- import rate
- incidence rate
- income tariff rates
- increment rate
- individual tax rate
- inflation rate
- info rate
- inland rate
- insurance rate
- insurance premium rate
- interbank rate
- interbank overnight rate
- interest rate
- interest rate on loan capital
- internal rate of return
- job rates
- jobless rate
- key rates
- labour rates
- leading rate
- legal rate of interest
- lending rate
- less-than-carload rate
- liner rates
- liner freight rates
- loading rates
- loan rate
- loan-recovery rate
- local rate
- Lombard rate
- London Interbank Offered Rate
- London money rate
- long rate
- low rate
- lower rate
- margin rate
- marginal rate
- marginal tax rate
- marine rate
- marine transport rate
- market rate
- market rate of interest
- maximum rate
- maximum individual tax rate
- mean rate of exchange
- mean annual rate
- measured day rate
- members rate
- merchant discount rate
- minimum rate
- mixed cargo rate
- minimum lending rate
- minimum tax rate
- mobilization rate
- moderate rate
- monetary exchange rate
- money rate of interest
- money market rate
- monthly rate
- monthly rate of remuneration
- mortgage rate
- mortgage interest rate
- multiple rate
- multiple exchange rate
- municipal rates
- national rate of interest
- natural rate of growth
- natural rate of interest
- negative interest rate
- net rate
- New York interbank offered rate
- nominal interest rate
- nonconference rate
- nonresponse rate
- obsolescence rate
- occupational mortality rate
- offered rate
- official rate
- official rate of discount
- official exchange rate
- one-time rate
- opening rate
- open-market rates
- operating rate
- operation rate
- option rate
- ordinary rate
- output rate
- outstripping growth rate
- overdraft rate
- overhead rate
- overnight rate
- overtime rate
- paper rate
- parallel rate
- parcel rate
- par exchange rate
- parity rate
- par price rate
- part-load rate
- passenger rate
- pay rates
- pegged rate
- pegged exchange rate
- penalty rate
- penalty interest rate
- percentage rate of tax
- per diem rates
- personal income tax rate
- piece rate
- piecework rate
- port rates
- postal rate
- posted rate
- power rate
- preferential rate
- preferential railroad rate
- preferential railway rate
- present rate
- prevailing rate
- prime rate
- priority rates
- private rate of discount
- private market rates
- production rate
- profit rate
- profitability rate
- profitable exchange rate
- progressive rate
- proportional rate
- provisional rate
- purchase rates
- purchasing rate of exchange
- quasi-market rate
- rail rates
- railroad rates
- railway rates
- real economic growth rate
- real effective exchange rate
- real exchange rate
- real interest rate
- reciprocal rate
- redemption rate
- rediscount rate
- reduced rate
- reduced tax rate
- reduced withholding tax rate
- reference rate
- refinancing rate
- reject frequency rate
- remuneration rate
- renewal rate
- rental rate
- repo rate
- response rate
- retention rate
- retirement rate of discount
- royalty rate
- ruling rate
- sampling rate
- saving rate
- scrap frequency rate
- seasonal rates
- second rate
- sellers' rate
- selling rate
- settlement rate
- shipping rate
- short rate
- short-term interest rate
- sight rate
- single consignment rate
- soft lending rate
- space rate
- special rate
- specified rate
- spot rate
- stable exchange rate
- standard rate
- standard fixed overhead rates
- standard variable overhead rates
- standard wage rate
- statutory tax rate
- steady exchange rate
- step-down interest rate
- stevedoring rates
- stock depletion rate
- straight-line rate
- subsidized rate
- survival rate
- swap rate
- tariff rate
- tax rate
- taxation rate
- tax withholding rate
- telegraphic transfer rate
- temporary rate
- third rate
- through rate
- through freight rate
- time rate
- time wage rate
- today's rate
- top rate
- total rate
- trading rate
- traffic rate
- tramp freight rate
- transit rate
- transportation rate
- treasury bill rate
- turnover rate
- two-tier rate of exchange
- unacceptable rate
- unemployment rate
- uniform rates
- uniform business rate
- unofficial rate
- unprecedented rate
- utilization rate
- variable rate
- variable interest rate
- variable repo rate
- volume rate
- wage rate
- wage rate per hour
- wastage rate
- wear rate
- wear-out rate
- wholesale rate
- worker's rate
- year-end exchange rate
- zero interest rate
- zone rate
- rate for advances against collateral
- rate for advances on securities
- rate for cable transfers
- rate for a cheque
- rates for credits
- rates for currency allocations
- rate for loans
- rate for loans on collateral
- rate for mail transfers
- rate for telegraphic transfers
- rate in the outside market
- rate of accumulation
- rates of allocation into the fund
- rate of allowance
- rate of assessment
- rate of balanced growth
- rates of cargo operations
- rate of change
- rate of charge
- rate of commission
- rate of compensation
- rate of competitiveness
- rate of conversion
- rate of corporate taxation
- rate of cover
- rate of currency
- rates of currency allocation
- rate of the day
- rate of demurrage
- rate of dependency
- rate of depletion
- rate of deposit turnover
- rate of depreciation
- rate of development
- rate of discharge
- rate of discharging
- rate of discount
- rate of dispatch
- rate of duty
- rate of exchange
- rate of expenditures
- rate of expenses
- rate of foreign exchange
- rate of freight
- rate of full value
- rate of growth
- rate of increase
- rate of increment
- rate of inflation
- rate of input
- rate of insurance
- rate of interest
- rate of interest on advance
- rate of interest on deposits
- rate of investment
- rate of issue
- rates of loading
- rates of loading and discharging
- rate of natural increase
- rates of natural loss
- rate of option
- rate of pay
- rate of premium
- rate of price inflation
- rates of a price-list
- rate of production
- rate of profit
- rate of profitability
- rate of reduction
- rate of remuneration
- rate of return
- rate of return on capital
- rate of return on the capital employed
- rate of return on net worth
- rate of royalty
- rate of securities
- rate of stevedoring operations
- rates of storage
- rate of subscription
- rate of surplus value
- rate of taxation
- rate of turnover
- rate of unloading
- rate of use
- rate of wages
- rate of work
- rates on credit
- rate on the day of payment
- rate on the exchange
- rate per hour
- rate per kilometre
- at the rate of
- at the exchange rate ruling at the transaction date
- at a growing rate
- at a high rate
- at a low rate
- at present rates
- below the rate
- accelerate the rate
- advance the rate of discount
- align tax rates
- apply tariff rates
- boost interest rates
- boost long-term interest rates
- boost short-term interest rates
- charge an interest rate
- cut rates
- cut interest rates by a quarter point
- determine a rate
- establish a rate
- fix a rate
- grant special rates
- increase rates
- maintain high interest rates
- levy rates
- liberalize interest rates
- liberalize lending rates
- lower the rate of return
- mark down the rate of discount
- mark up the rate of discount
- prescribe rates
- quote a rate
- raise a rate
- reduce a rate
- reduce turnover rates of staff
- revise rates
- set rates
- slash interest rates
- step up the rate of growth
- suspend a currency's fixed rate
- upvalue the current rate of banknotes
- slow down the rate2. v1) оценивать, определять стоимость, устанавливать цену
- rate local and offshore funds -
64 path
[paːθ]n1) тропинка, тропа, дорожкаNo progress was possible except along the path cut for that purpose. — Продвигаться можно было только по тропе, специально прорубленной для этой цели.
A multiplicity of interesting paths crossed the monotous. — Множество интересных тропинок пересекало эту однообразную местность.
- narrow path- shady path
- long grassy paths
- garden path
- bridle path
- raised board paths
- converging paths
- path ridding
- path along smth
- path through a wood
- path through a pine forest
- path through a garden
- path beside the canal
- path along the lake
- path in the snow
- path across the field
- path for passengers on foot
- path to the town
- path to his front door
- garden path of flagstones
- end of the path
- clear a path for smb
- bar the path
- beat a path
- make a path
- cover the path with sand
- cross smb's path
- drive dry leaves along the paths
- follow the path to the river
- follow up a zigzag path
- go in smb's path
- go by another path
- grow along the path
- hit the right path
- keep the middle of the path
- keep to the path
- stray from the narrow path
- stretch a cord across the path
- sweep the path of snow
- turn on to the path
- strike upon an unknown path
- turn off the path
- path going to the lighthouse
- path running alongside the lake
- path stopped
- path twists and turns
- path that goes down the mountain
- path goes somewhere
- path runs alongside the lake
- path leads to the river2) путь (вообще), маршрутThe perils beset his path. — Его путь был полон опасностей. /Опасности подстерегали его в пути.
- easier path- touring path
- caravan's path
- path of storms
- broad path of success
- path of civilization
- path of glory
- path to success
- certain path to riches and honour
- enter on the path
- put obstacles in smb's path
- throw obstructions in smb's path
- stand in smb's path
- strike out a path of one's own
- sweep all obstacles from one's path3) траектория- path of a cometThe path of an arrow is a curve. — Стрела в полете описывает дугу.
- path of a bird in the air
- flight path of a spacecraft
- Moon's path round the Earth
- far beyond the path of the Moon4) стезя, жизненный путьA difficult path he must follow. — Трудный путь, который ему предстоит пройти.
- beaten path- path of life
- rough and rugged paths of lifeI criticized the path the government was taking. — Я подверг критике курс правительства
- path of righteousness- follow the path of duty
- err from the path of duty
- guide people along the paths of progress
- make the path easy for smb
- take the path of least resistance
- prices are on the downward path -
65 run
1. n бег, пробегto break into a run — побежать, пуститься бегом
2. n бегство; беспорядочное отступлениеto be on the run — поспешно отступать, бежать
3. n побег; нахождение в бегах4. n короткая прогулка; пробежка5. n короткая поездка6. n рейс, маршрутmilk run — рейсовый перелёт; рейс
7. n переход8. n ж. -д. перегон, прогонrun time — время прогона; время счета
dry run — пробный прогон; формальный прогон
9. n ав. полёт; перелёт10. n пройденное расстояние; отрезок пути11. n ав. отрезок трассы12. n ав. пробег; разбег13. n тропа14. n колея15. n период, отрезок, полосаa run of ill luck — несчастливая полоса, полоса невезения
16. n направление17. n геол. направление рудной жилы18. n тиражbackup run — тираж, напечатанный начиная с оборотной стороны
run length — величина тиража, тираж
19. n спорт. единица счёта20. n спорт. перебежка21. n спорт. очко за перебежкуrun about — суетиться, сновать взад и вперёд
22. n спорт. стадо23. n спорт. стая24. n спорт. косяк25. n спорт. карт. ряд, серияa run of cards — карты одной масти, идущие подряд по достоинству; «стрит»
26. n спорт. средний тип, сорт или разрядout of the run — необыкновенный, из ряда вон выходящий, незаурядный
27. n спорт. спрос28. n спорт. разг. разрешение, право пользоваться29. n спорт. загон30. n спорт. вольер31. n спорт. австрал. пастбище,32. n спорт. австрал. скотоводческая ферма33. n спорт. амер. ручей, поток34. n спорт. сильный прилив, приток35. n спорт. амер. ток; истечение36. n спорт. уклон, трасса37. n спорт. обвал, оползень38. n спорт. труба, жёлоб, лоток39. n спорт. длинаa 500 ft run of pipe — пятисотфутовый отрезок трубы; труба длиной в пятьсот футов
40. n спорт. размер41. n спорт. ход рыбы на нерестrun idle — работать впустую; работать на холостом ходу
run flat — шина, остающаяся безопасной после прокола
42. n спорт. нерестящаяся рыба43. n спорт. мор. кормовое заострение44. n спорт. муз. рулада45. a жидкий; расплавленный; растопленный46. a вылитый в расплавленном состоянии; литой47. a отцеженный, отфильтрованный48. a разг. контрабандный49. a нерестящийсяrun fish — рыба, пришедшая в пресную воду на нерест
50. a спец. мягкийrun coal — мягкий или сыпучий уголь; мягкий битуминозный уголь; рядовой уголь
51. a диал. свернувшийся, скисший52. v бежать, бегатьto run mute — бежать за добычей, не подавая голоса
53. v гнать, подгонятьhe ran me breathless — он меня совершенно загнал, он меня загнал до изнеможения
54. v убегать, спасаться бегствомto run for it — удирать, спасаться, искать спасения в бегстве
run away — убегать, удирать
run off — убегать, удирать
55. v двигаться, катиться, скользить56. v амер. разг. катать в автомобиле57. v ходить, следовать, курсировать, плаватьto run behind schedule — опаздывать, отставать от расписания
run up to — доходить; дойти
58. v двигаться, идтиto run the venture — рисковать, идти на риск
59. v съездить на короткий срок60. v ав. совершать пробег, разбег61. v ав. заходить на цель62. v бежать, лететь, протекатьrun in — заглянуть; забежать; заехать
63. v идти, происходить64. v проноситься, мелькать65. v распространяться66. v тянуться, простираться, расстилатьсяthis line runs from … to … — этот маршрут проходит от … до …, эта линия соединяет …
67. v ползти, витьсяa rambling rose ran all over the wall — роза оплетала всю проводить, прокладывать
68. v быть действительным на определённый срок69. v распространяться на определённую территорию, действовать на определённой территорииso far as British justice runs — там, где действует британское правосудие
70. v иметь хождениеoutside the United States where our writ does not run — за пределами Соединённых Штатов, где наши законы не имеют силы
71. v сопровождать в качестве непременного условияa right-of-way that runs with the land — земля, через которую проходит полоса отчуждения
to run back over the past — перебирать всё то, что было в прошлом
72. v течь, литься, сочиться, струитьсяwait till the water runs hot — подожди, пока не пойдёт горячая вода
her eyes ran with tears — её глаза наполнились слезами; из её глаз потекли слёзы
73. v протекать, течьhis nose was running, he was running at the nose — у него текло из носу
74. v разливаться, расплываться75. v таять, течь76. v сливаться, переходитьto run into one — сливаться, объединяться воедино
to run into one another — переходить один в другой, сливаться в одно
77. v лить, наливать78. v вращаться79. v касаться, слегка дотрагиваться до80. v гласитьthe story runs that — говорят, что
81. v проходить; преодолевать82. v линять83. v амер. австрал. дразнить, приставать, дёргать84. v стр. покрывать штукатуркойСинонимический ряд:1. brook (noun) branch; brook; creek2. continuance (noun) continuance; continuation; duration; persistence3. course (noun) course; field; route; track; way4. group (noun) bevy; covey; crowd; flock; gaggle; group; herd; pack; school5. order (noun) chain; order; round; sequence; string; succession; suite; train6. period (noun) interval; period; spell7. series (noun) extent; motion; passage; progress; series; set8. standard (noun) average; ordinary; regular; standard9. stream (noun) burn; channel; rill; rivulet; runnel; stream10. tendency (noun) current; drift; tendency; tenor; trend11. trip (noun) trip12. become (verb) become; come; get; grow; wax13. bolt (verb) bolt; flee; fly; make off; skedaddle; skip; skirr14. carry (verb) carry; convey; ferry; transport15. challenge (verb) campaign; challenge; compete; contend; oppose16. chase (verb) chase; hunt; pursue; stalk17. climb (verb) climb; creep; trail18. continue (verb) carry on; conduct; continue; direct; keep; ordain; persevere19. drive (verb) drive; dug; maneuver; plunge; propel; rammed; stab; stuck; sunk; thrust20. driven (verb) driven; herded21. extend (verb) carried; cover; encompass; extend; led; make; reach; spread; stretch22. flow (verb) circulate; course; flood; flow; leak; pour; proceed; roll; stream23. flux (verb) dissolve; flux; fuse; melt; thaw24. function (verb) act; function; go25. functioned (verb) acted; functioned26. gone (verb) depart; exit; get away; go away; gone; left; pull out; quit; retire; run along; withdraw27. head (verb) administer; administrate; control; govern; head; manage; superintend28. herd (verb) herd; prod29. hunted (verb) chased; hunted30. hurried (verb) barreled; bucketed; bustled; fleeted; flitted; hasted; hastened; hurried; hustled; pelted; rocked; rocketed; rushed; scooted; scoured; skinned; smoked; sped or speeded; staved or stove; whirled; whisked; whizzed; zipped31. hurry (verb) barrel; barrelhouse; beeline; bucket; bullet; bustle; dart; dash; fled; fleet; flit; flown; get out; haste; hasten; highball; hotfoot; hurry; hustle; pelt; race; rock; rocket; rush; sail; scamper; scoot; scour; scramble; scurried; scurry; shin; shot; skin; smoke; speed; sprint; stave; whirl; whish; whisk; whiz; zip32. liquefied (verb) deliquesced; dissolved; fluxed; fused; liquefied; melted; thawed33. move (verb) actuate; impel; mobilise; move; propel34. number (verb) aggregate; amount; number; total35. place (verb) come in; finish; place36. play (verb) play; show37. range (verb) range; varied38. smuggle (verb) bootleg; smuggle39. turn (verb) refer; repair; resort to; turn40. used (verb) handle; operate; used; work -
66 bush
букса
гильза
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]Тематики
Синонимы
EN
вкладыш (втулка)
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]Тематики
EN
втулка
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]
втулка
Механическая деталь, обычно жесткая трубка, используемая для законцовки зачищенного конца провода.
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60598-1-2011]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
втулка подшипника скольжения
втулка подшипника
втулка
Сменный трубчатый элемент подшипника скольжения, внутренняя и/или наружная поверхность которого является рабочей поверхностью подшипника скольжения.
[ ГОСТ ИСО 4378-1-2001]Тематики
Обобщающие термины
Синонимы
EN
FR
проходной изолятор
Изолятор, предназначенный для провода токоведущих элементов через стенку, имеющую другой электрический потенциал.
[ ГОСТ 27744-88]
проходной изолятор
-
[IEV number 151-15-40]EN
(insulating) bushing
insulator forming a passage for a conductor through a non-insulating partition
[IEV number 151-15-40]
bushing
A bushing is a cyclindrical insulating component, usually made of ceramic, that houses a conductor. It enables a conductor to pass through a grounded enclosure, such as a transformer tank (the physical shell of a transformer), a wall or other physical barrier, to connect electrical installations. In the case of a transformer, bushings protect the conductors that connect a transformer’s core to the power system it serves through channels in the transformer’s housing.
[ABB. Glossary of technical terms. 2010]FR
isolateur de traversée, m
traversée, f
isolateur permettant le passage d'un conducteur à travers une paroi non isolante
[IEV number 151-15-40]
Проходной изоляторПараллельные тексты EN-RU
The circuit breaker is connected via bushings to the rest of the switchgear at the flanges provided.
[Siemens]С другими частями распределительного устройства силовой выключатель соединяется через проходные изоляторы, закрепленные в его фланцах.
[Перевод Интент]Тематики
Классификация
>>>Обобщающие термины
EN
DE
FR
- isolateur de traversée, m
- traversée
фланец
Соединительная часть труб, резервуаров, валов. Фланец представляет собой плоское кольцо (или диск), выполненное обычно за одно целое с деталью. По диаметру фланцы имеют равномерно расположенные отверстия для болтов или шпилек. Фланцы бывают литыми (заодно с деталью); приварными (изготовленными отдельно и приваренными к детали); с шейкой – короткой резьбовой ступицей, навинчиваемой на деталь (главным образом при соединении труб); опорные, служащие для закрепления узла на раме, опоре или фундаменте.
[ http://www.estateline.ru/termin/1823]
фланец
Отогнутая под прямым углом кромка металлического листа.
фланец
(от нем. Flansch) — обычно плоское кольцо или диск с равномерно расположенными отверстиями для болтов и шпилек, служащие для прочного и герметичного соединения труб и трубопроводной арматуры, присоединения их к машинам, аппаратам и ёмкостям, для соединения валов и других вращающихся деталей (фланцевое соединение). Фланцы используют попарно (комплектом).
Фланцы различаются по размерам (бывают плоские и воротниковые фланцы), способу крепления и форме уплотнительной поверхности. Фланцы могут быть элементами трубы, фитинга, вала, корпусной детали и других. Фланцы в виде отдельных деталей чаще всего приваривают или привинчивают к концам соединяемых деталей. Форма уплотнительной поверхности фланец в трубопроводах зависит от давления среды, профиля и материала прокладки. Гладкие уплотнительные поверхности с прокладками из картона, резины и паронита применяются при давлениях до 4 Мн/м2(40 бар), поверхности с выступом на одном фланце и впадиной на другом с асбо-металлическими и паронитовыми прокладками – при давлениях до 20 Мн/м2(бар), Фланец с конической уплотнительной поверхностью – при давлениях выше 6,4 Мн/м2 (64 бар).
[ http://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86&oldid=8078657]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > bush
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67 заваливать
несовер. - заваливать;
совер. - завалить( кого-л./что-л. чем-л.)
1) fill up( with) (заполнять) ;
heap up (with) ;
cover( with) ;
block, obstruct, close( with)
2) разг.;
перен. (о работе и т.п.) overburden, overload, flood, swamp( with), завалить (вн.)
1. (засыпать) cover (smth.) ;
(наполнять) fill up (smth.) ;
(упав, засыпать) bury (smth.) ;
(загромождать) block up( smth.) ;
дорогу завалило снегом the road is snow-bound;
платформа завалена чемоданами the platform is piled high with cases;
2. разг. (снабжать в изобилии) flood (smth.) ;
магазины завалены товарами the shops are overflowing with goods;
3. разг. (обременять) overload (smb.) ;
он завален работой he is up to the eyes in work;
4. разг. (обрушивать) pull (smth.) down;
5. разг. (проваливать) spoil* (smth.), wreck( smth.) ;
make* a mess of (smth.) ;
~ся, завалиться
6. (падать за что-л.) fall* behind, slip behind;
be* mislaid;
7. разг. (запрокидываться) drop, slip to one side;
(всем телом) slump;
8. (обрушиваться, падать) collapse, tumble down;
9. разг. (ложиться) flop down;
завалиться спать flop into bed;
10. разг. (терпеть неудачу) collapse, fall* through.Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > заваливать
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68 обеспечение
ср.
1) (действие) securing, guaranteeing, ensuring
2) (кем-л./чем-л.) provision/providing (with) ;
supplying( with)
3) (гарантия) security, guarantee под обеспечение
4) (средства к жизни) maintenance;
(social) security;
safeguard(s)
5) воен. security;
protectionобеспечен|ие - с.
1. (действие) ensuring;
(чем-л.) provision;
~ выгрузки, погрузки торг. ensuring of unloading, loading;
~ товарами торг. provision of goods;
~ промышленности углем keeping industry supplied with coal;
материально-техническое ~ армии army`s logistical support;
2. (материальные средства к жизни) security;
право на материальное ~ в старости the right to material security in old age;
социальное ~ social security;
3. юр. (гарантия) guarantee, security;
~ долга cover of debt;
~ доставки guarantee of delivery;
~ займа cover of loan;
~ иска security for a claim;
гарантированное ~ guaranteed security;
залоговое ~ pledged security;
материальное ~ material security;
необходимое ~ necessary security;
основное ~ major/basic security;
правовое ~ legal security;
реальное ~ real security;
финансовое ~ financial security;
~ выполнения обязательств provision/security for the fulfilment of obligations;
~ договорных обязательств security of contract obligations;
~ задатком security by an advance;
~ залогом security by a pledge;
~ гарантии поручительством security for a guarantee by a pledge;
~ иска судом security for a claim through the court;
~ требований security for requirements;
вид ~ия type of security;
выбор формы ~ия selection of security;
размер ~ия amount of security;
сумма ~ия sum of security;
условия ~ия terms of security;
форма ~ия form of security;
~ высокого качества поставляемого товара guarantee of a high quality of delivered goods;
~ доставки, перевозки guarantee of delivery, transportation;
4. воен. security, protection;
боевое ~ security;
~ность ж.
5. (степень обеспечения) provision;
это зависит от ~ности школ книгами it depends on how well the schools are provided with books;
6. (достаток) security;
~ный (зажиточный) well-to-do, comfortably off;
~ная ссуда юр. secured loan.Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > обеспечение
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69 box
1) ящик; коробка || упаковывать в ящик или коробку2) втулка; гнездо3) кожух; корпус5) камера; шкаф; бокс7) будка (напр. телефонная)8) метр. (измерительный) магазин13) обойма ( щёткодержателя)14) связь ячейка ( области)15) электрон., вчт. блок16) прямоугольник ( блок-схемы); рамка ( машинного графика)17) ячейка ( наборной кассы)18) полигр. рамка19) ж.-д. букса21) с.-х. стойло•-
accessory box
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accumulator box
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acoustically insulated box
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anechoic box
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annealing box
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ash box
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attenuation box
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axle box
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balance box
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ballast box
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band box
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base box
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battery box
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bellows style box
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black box
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bliss box
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book box
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branch box
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brush box
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Buffalo box
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built-up molding box
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cable box
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call box
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cam box
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camera box
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capacitance box
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carburizing box
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cardboard box
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casting box
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center special slotting box
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centrifugal box
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cess box
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charging box
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chill box
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circular box
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cleanout box
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cleated fiberboard box
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cleated plywood box
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cleated wood box
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coking box
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cold box
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cold storage box
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collapsible box
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common antenna distribution box
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compression box
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condenser box
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connecting box
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control box
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core box
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coupling box
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crimp box
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culvert box
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curb-stop box
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curb box
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curved plane box
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decade box
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decision box
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dehydration box
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delivery box
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descaling box
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dialogue box
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die box
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discharge box
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display outer box
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distribution box
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dividing box
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division box
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double cover box
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double-cutting planer tool box
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drawing box
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drop-end box
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dry box
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dry hot box
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drying box
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dump box
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dusting box
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dustproof box
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echo box
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effects box
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ejector box
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end signal box
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engine oil pressure test box
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exhaust box
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extracting box
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fancy box
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feed box
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feeder box
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feeding box
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film box
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folding box
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free-water knockoutbox
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freezer box
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full-flap slotted box
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functional box
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function box
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fuse box
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gear box
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germinating box
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gland box
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glove box
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graded-scrap box
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gravel box
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half-part molding box
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half-slotted box
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hand-held box
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haulage box
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Hogness box
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horizontal locking box
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hot box
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hydrant street box
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inductance box
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inlet box
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interlocking double cover box
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interlocking signal box
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jack box
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j-box
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jig box
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joint box
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journal box
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junction box
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key box
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knife box
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knock-down box
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knockout box
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label box
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light-tight box
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load box
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lock bottom box
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lock corner box
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locking box
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mail box
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mailing box
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matte box
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measuring box
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miter box
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mixing box
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mold box
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molding box
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monitor box
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mud box
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multiple core box
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numbering box
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oil distributing box
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overlap slotted box
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packer box
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pallet box
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pedestal journal box
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phase segregated terminal box
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phase separated terminal box
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pouring box
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power box
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pressing box
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Pribnow box
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proof box
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public-call box
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pull-through box
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receiving box
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recessed end box
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refrigerator box
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relay box
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resistance box
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reverse box
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rose box
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rotor gear box
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run-down box
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runner box
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salt-spray box
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sand box
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sealing box
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sediment box
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separator box
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service box
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settling box
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set-up box
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shell-and-slide box
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shielded box
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shunt box
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shuttle box
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side tool box
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sieve box
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signal box
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single-cavity core box
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skid box
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slide box
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smoke box
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soap box
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speed-change box
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speed box
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spinning box
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splice box
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spreading box
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starting box
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steam box
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steam cooking box
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steering box
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stern tube stuffing box
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still cheese box
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stilling box
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stone-filled box
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storage box
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straining box
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stripping box
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strum box
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stuffing box
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stunt box
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switch box
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telescope box
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terminal box
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tolerance box
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tool box
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tool joint box
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top molding box
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Topham box
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torque box
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tote-box
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totebox
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track box
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traction gear box
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traffic controlling box
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transfer box
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twin-cell bulk box
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type box
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underwater box
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vertical locking box
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video tape box
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voltage control box
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voltage-ratio box
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walk-in box
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water box
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weighing box
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weight box
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weir box
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wide-angle matte box
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wind box
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wire-bound wooden box
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wire-stitched cardboard box
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wood-reinforced fiberboard box -
70 overcome
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71 overcame
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72 get over
преодолевать глагол:разделываться с чем-л. (get over)словосочетание:обойти кого-л. (get over)перехитрить кого-л. (get over) -
73 hole
1. n дыра; отверстие2. n прорезь; лаз3. n ходы, червоточины4. n яма, ямкаpost hole — мелкая скважина; яма для столба
5. n выбоина; впадина6. n промоина; проталина7. n нора; берлога; логово8. n лачуга; жалкое жилище9. n сл. тёмная комната, фотолаборатория10. n дыра, захолустье11. n разг. затруднительное положение12. n недостаток, пробел, слабое место13. n амер. диал. бухточка, заливчик14. n амер. диал. пруд15. n амер. диал. глубокое место в рекеswimming hole — место, где можно
16. n амер. диал. темница; тюремная камера17. n амер. диал. карцер18. n амер. диал. отдушина; канал для воздуха19. n амер. диал. спец. канал20. n амер. диал. воен. разг. убежище; щель; окоп21. n амер. диал. пробоина; воронка22. n амер. диал. спец. проушина23. n амер. диал. метал. раковина или пузырь24. n горн. выработка малого сечения25. n горн. шурф; шпур26. n горн. скважина27. n горн. радио мёртвая зона28. n горн. ав. метеор. воздушная яма29. n горн. глазок30. n горн. лунка, ямка31. n горн. очко, выигранное игроком наименьшим числом ударов32. n горн. физ. дырка33. n горн. ж. -д. жарг. туннель34. n горн. полигр. жарг. место в газетном наборе, оставленное для последних известий35. n горн. вор. жарг. шиллингthe hospital bills have made a large hole in my savings — значительная часть моих сбережений пошла на оплату больничных счетов
money burns a hole in his pocket — ему не терпится истратить деньги, у него деньги не держатся
36. v продырявливать, просверливать; делать отверстия, перфорировать; пробивать37. v долбить, выдалбливать38. v прорваться; прохудиться39. v прорыть40. v загнать в нору41. v уст. посадить в яму, в тюрьму42. v загнать в лунку43. v горн. бурить; закладывать шпуры44. v горн. подрубать45. v горн. сбивать выработкиСинонимический ряд:1. break (noun) breach; break; cleft; discontinuity; gap; rent; rupture2. cave (noun) burrow; cave; cavern; cove; den; lair; shelter; tunnel3. cavity (noun) cavity; chasm; crater; dent; depression; gorge; hollow; impression; pit; shaft; vacuity; void4. hut (noun) hovel; hut; shanty5. perforation (noun) aperture; crack; gash; opening; orifice; outlet; perforation; puncture; slot; split; tear; vent6. predicament (noun) box; corner; deep water; dilemma; fix; hot water; impasse; jam; pickle; plight; predicament; quagmire; scrape; soup; spot7. open (verb) breach; disrupt; open; rupture -
74 plate
1. n тарелка2. n блюдо3. n еда на одного человекаthe dinner will cost $10 a plate — ужин обойдётся по 10 долларов с человека
4. n тарелка для сбора пожертвований5. n разг. пожертвованные деньги6. n столовое серебро; металлическая посудаthe family plate included … — среди фамильного серебра были …
7. n посеребрённая или позолоченная посудаthe knives are plate, not solid silver — это не серебряные, а посеребрённые ножи
8. n плита, лист, полоса; листовая сталь9. n воен. броня, обшивка10. n листовое или зеркальное стекло11. n пластинка, дощечка12. n дощечка с фамилиейswash plate — диск, насаженный на ось не под прямым углом
13. n номерной знак14. n ист. пластина рыцарских доспехов15. n анат. зоол. пластинка; чешуйка16. n фотопластинка17. n вклейка; иллюстрация на отдельном листе18. n гравюра, эстамп19. n полигр. гальваноклише; стереотип20. n полигр. печатная формаtension lock-up plate — печатная форма, закрепленная натягом
21. n оттиск22. n модно одетая женщина, «модная картинка»fashion plate — модная картинка; страничка мод
23. n хорошенькая женщина24. n вставная челюсть25. n зубной протез26. n грудная часть туши27. n разг. ноги28. n ист. драгоценный металл29. n ист. серебряная монета30. n ист. геральд. серебряный круг, кружок31. n спорт. призовой кубок32. n спорт. скачки на кубок33. n спорт. лёгкая подкова34. n спорт. базаhome plate — основная база, место игрока с битой
35. n эл. амер. анод36. n эл. электрод37. n эл. обкладка38. n эл. стр. мауэрлат39. n эл. элк. плата40. n эл. геол. тектоническая плита41. n эл. предметное стеклоplate glass — зеркальное стекло; толстое листовое стекло
42. n эл. график работы43. n эл. хим. плоскодонная чашка Петри44. v тех. обшивать металлическим листом45. v метал. плакировать; металлизировать46. v метал. плющить; расковывать в листы47. v полигр. изготовлять гальваноклише или стереотип48. v электролитически осаждать, наносить гальваническим способомСинонимический ряд:1. course (noun) course; helping; meal; portion; second helping; service; serving2. dish (noun) casserole; china; dessert plate; dinner plate; dish; platter; salad plate; saucer; soup plate3. illustration (noun) cut; engraving; etching; illustration; impression; lithograph; photoengraving; print; woodcut4. sheet (noun) lamina; layer; leaf; pane; panel; plane; sheet; slice; stratum5. coat (verb) back; coat; cover; enamel; face; gild; laminate; overlay; veneer -
75 screen
1. n ширма, экран2. n оконная сетка3. n защита, прикрытие; завеса4. n воен. маска5. n воен. маскировка6. n воен. спорт. заслон7. n кино экран8. n кинематография, киноscreen fan — любитель, поклонник кино
split screen — кино, комбинированная съёмка
9. n элк. экран, экранирующая сеткаscreen dummy — распечатка содержимого экрана; дамп экрана
10. n доска, щит для объявленийstone screen — грохот для заполнителя; грохот для щебня
Rapid Access screen — растр для процесса < Рапид Аксесс>
11. n редк. перегородка12. n сито, грохот, решето13. v сортировать; грохотить, просеивать14. v разг. проверить политическую благонадёжность, прошлую деятельность, документыto be arrested and screened by the police — быть арестованным и подвергнуться тщательной проверке в полиции
15. v разг. подвергать испытаниям, тщательно отбирать16. v разг. производить отбор новобранцевСинонимический ряд:1. barrier (noun) barrier; divider; lattice; partition2. grating (noun) grating; riddle; sieve; sift3. protection (noun) blind; cloak; cover; defense; guard; mask; protection; security; shield; veil4. censor (verb) blip; bowdlerise; bowdlerize; censor; expurgate5. choose (verb) choose; eliminate; select; sieve; sift6. close (verb) block out; close; conceal; obscure; obstruct; shroud; shut off; shut out7. cull (verb) cull; filter; sort; strain8. evaluate (verb) evaluate; grade; rate9. hide (verb) bury; cache; ensconce; hide; occult; plant; secrete; stash10. preview (verb) preview; project; show11. protect (verb) blind; bulwark; cloak; cover; defend; fend; guard; protect; safeguard; secure; shelter; shield; veil12. shade (verb) inumbrate; shade; shadow; umbrageАнтонимический ряд: -
76 грязь
жен.;
только ед.
1) dirt;
filth прям. и перен. въевшаяся грязь ≈ grime
2) mud (на улице и т.п.) вязнуть в грязи забрызгать грязью жидкая грязь непролазная грязь ∙ вытаскивать из грязи ≈ to pull smb. (up) out of the gutter не ударить лицом в грязь ≈ to save one's face, to put up a good show, to rise to the occasion из грязи в князи ≈ from rags to riches втоптать в грязь, смешать с грязью ≈ to defame, to vilify месить грязь ≈ to wade through mud, to walk in the mud облить грязью, полить грязью ≈ to throw mud at smb., to cover smb.'s name in mudгряз|ь - ж.
1. тк. ед. (нечистота, сор) dirt;
filth (тж. перен.) ;
въевшаяся ~ grime;
2. тк. ед. (размокшая земля) mud;
(слякоть) slush;
mire поэт. ;
весь в ~и all muddy;
3. мн. (лечебное средство) mud sg. ;
лечить кого-л. ~ями bathe smb. in mud;
месить ~ squelch through the mud;
забрасывать кого-л. ~ью fling*/throw* mud at smb. ;
не ударить лицом в ~ not disgrace one self. -
77 пробежать
несовер. - пробегать;
совер. - пробежать без доп.
1) run;
run along/down (по) ;
run through (через) ;
run past (мимо)
2) (что-л.) cover, run
3) (что-л.) skim, scan, run/look through, glance overcoв. см. пробегать.Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > пробежать
-
78 пролетать
несовер. - пролетать;
совер. - пролететь
1) (мимо чего-л.;
через что-л.) fly (past, by, over), pass (by, quickly)
2) (что-л.) cover, fly (a certain distance)
3) без доп.;
перен. (о времени) fly by, пролететь
1. (летя, миновать что-л.) fly* past/over/by;
самолёт пролетел над городом а jet flew over the town;
пролететь через пустыню fly* across а desert;
2. (вн., летя, продвинуться на какое-л. расстояние) fly* (smth.) ;
самолёт пролетел тысячу километров the plane flew/covered а thousand kilometers;
3. разг. (быстро проезжать) dash (along, through) ;
поезд пролетел мимо станции the train dashed through the station;
4. (о времени) fly* (by, along) ;
дни пролетели the days flew by;
он не заметил, как пролетел вечер the evening was over before he noticed it.Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > пролетать
-
79 trail
treɪl
1. сущ.
1) а) след (отпечаток на земле) be on the trail of foul the trail get on the trail get off the trail б) тропа, тропинка в) след, "хвост" to blaze, make a trail ≈ делать, оставлять след to cover up a trail ≈ заметать след to lay out a trail ≈ прокладывать след to leave a trail ≈ оставлять след The wounded animal left a trail of blood. ≈ Раненое животное оставляло за собой кровавый след. on smb.'s trail ≈ по чьему-л. следу The police were on his trail. ≈ Полиция напала на его след. The trail winds through the forest. ≈ След петляяет, вьется по лесу. The car left a trail of dust. ≈ Машина оставила позади себя столб пыли. winding trail hiking trail ski trail vapor trail
2) а) бот. стелющийся побег б) воен. хобот лафета;
воен. положение наперевес( оружия, снаряжения) в) авиац. линейное отставание бомбы
2. гл.
1) а) протапывать (тропинку), прокладывать путь б) прям. перен. идти по следу, выслеживать Syn: follow в) тянуться сзади( чего-л.)
2) а) волочить(ся), тащить(ся) ;
отставать, идти сзади, плестись б) трелевать( бревна) в) стелиться( о ползучих растениях)
3) свисать( о волосах) ∙ trail off trail out trail over след, хвост - a * of blood кровавый след - the * of a meteor след метеора - a * of light полоса света - a * of fire огненный след - vapour /condensation/ * инверсионный /конденсационный/ след - *s of mud on a carpet полосы грязи на ковре - the engine left a * of smoke behind it машина оставила после себя облако дыма трен, шлейф( платья и т. п.) - a * of clouds шлейф облаков свита - a * of admirers свита почитателей последствия - to leave ruins in one's * оставлять после себя одни развалины след (человека или животного) ;
запах( человека или животного) - false * ложный след (тж. перен.) - in * (американизм) гуськом, след в след;
друг за другом, в один ряд - planes flying in * самолеты, летящие друг за другом - a * of blood from the house to the barn кровавая дорожка /-ый след/ от дома до амбара - hot on the * по горячему следу - to be on the * of smb. напасть на чей-л. след - to foul the * запутывать следы - to get on /to hit/ the * напасть на след - to pick up the * взять след - to get off /to lose/ the * потерять след, сбиться со следа - to throw smb. off the * сбить кого-л. со следа - to follow the * идти по следу, выслеживать тропа, тропинка - mountain * горная тропа - blazed * (американизм) проторенная дорожка /-ый путь/ - to blaze the * прокладывать путь в лесу, делая зарубки на деревьях;
идти новыми путями, быть пионером /новатором/ - the * through the woods is overgrown with bushes лесная тропинка заросла кустарником (спортивное) трасса, лыжня - to break * прокладывать трассу /лыжню/ (пройденный) путь - the * of Tamerlane путь Тамерлана, по следам Тамерлана - to follow the * of the American pioneers пройти по следам американских пионеров - a milestone on his educational * (целая) веха в его образовании преследование, охота по следу (ботаника) стелющийся побег (военное) хобот лафета (авиация) линейное отставание бомбы (геология) передний выступ раковины( военное) положение у ноги (оружия) - at (the) *! к ноге! (команда) > to hit the * отправиться, выступить, выйти в путь (тж. перен.) ;
(сленг) проваливать, убираться > candidates hitting the campaign * кандидаты, вступающие в предвыборную борьбу идти по следу, выслеживать - to * a deer выслеживать оленя - to * a fugitive to his hiding place выследить, где укрывается беглец следовать( за кем-л., чем-л.) - we *ed the car in front of us мы следовали за ехавшим впереди автомобилем - reporters * him constantly за ним хвостом ходят репортеры;
от репортеров не отвяжешься прокладывать путь, протаптывать тропинку тащить, волочить - to * a fishing-line тащить леску (за лодкой) - *ing clouds of glory неся бремя /в ореоле/ славы - the child *ed his toy cart on a piece of string ребенок тащил игрушечную тележку на веревочке - she *ed five children after her она тащила за собой пятерых детей тащиться, волочиться - to * along the ground тащиться по земле - her long train *ed in the mud ее длинный шлейф тащился по грязи притаскивать - to * dirt into the house нанести грязи в дом тащиться, плестись;
отставать, идти сзади - to * wearily back устало плестись назад - the old horse just *s along старая лошадь едва ноги волочит уступать, быть в хвосте - to * the other candidates on the ticket быть в хвосте списка кандидатов идти сзади, отсиживаться за спиной( соперника на скачках) тянуться (образуя облако, полосу) - smoke *ed from the chimney дымок тянулся из трубы - a cloud of dust *ed behind the car машина оставляла за собой столб /шлейф/ пыли - a thin veil of mist *ed below внизу плыла легкая пелена тумана идти в беспорядке, двигаться разбросанно свисать, свешиваться( о волосах, нитях и т. п.) - the tablecloth *s on the floor скатерть свисает до пола - locks * over her eyes волосы закрывают ей глаза стелиться (о растениях) - creepers *ed over roofs and walls ползучие растения обвивали крыши и стены( разговорное) заманивать, обманывать( разговорное) рекламировать( по телевидению и т. п.) - to * a programme рекламировать программу( разговорное) путешествовать в автоприцепе (специальное) тралить( бревна) (военное) держать или нести у ноги (оружие) - * arms! к ноге! (команда) > to * one's coat держаться вызывающе, лезть в драку > to * a pike служить солдатом audit ~ вчт. контрольный журнал audit ~ след ревизии ~ след (человека, животного) ;
to be on the trail (of smb.) выслеживать (кого-л.) ;
to foul the trail запутывать следы ~ след, хвост;
the car left a trail of dust машина оставила позади себя столб пыли ~ тянуться сзади (чего-л.) ;
a cloud of dust trailed behind the car машина оставляла позади себя облако пыли ~ след (человека, животного) ;
to be on the trail (of smb.) выслеживать (кого-л.) ;
to foul the trail запутывать следы to get on the ~ напасть на след;
to get off the trail сбиться со следа to get on the ~ напасть на след;
to get off the trail сбиться со следа trail идти по следу;
выслеживать ~ ав. линейное отставание бомбы ~ отставать, идти сзади;
плестись ~ воен. положение наперевес (оружия, снаряжения) ~ прокладывать путь ~ протоптать( тропинку) ~ свисать (о волосах) ~ след (человека, животного) ;
to be on the trail (of smb.) выслеживать (кого-л.) ;
to foul the trail запутывать следы ~ след, хвост;
the car left a trail of dust машина оставила позади себя столб пыли ~ стелиться (о растениях) ~ бот. стелющийся побег ~ тащить(ся), волочить(ся) ~ трелевать (бревна) ~ тропа ~ тянуться сзади (чего-л.) ;
a cloud of dust trailed behind the car машина оставляла позади себя облако пыли ~ воен. хобот лафета to ~ one's coat держаться вызывающе, лезть в драку vapour ~ след самолета в разреженном воздухе -
80 blow
I [bləʋ] n1. ударretaliatory blow - ответный удар; возмездие
illegal blow - спорт. запрещённый удар
at a /one/ blow - одним ударом; сразу
to administer /to deal, to deliver, to strike/ a blow - а) наносить удар; б) причинять вред
to come /to fall, to get/ to blows - вступить в драку, дойти до рукопашной
to rain blows upon smb. - осыпать кого-л. градом ударов
to aim a blow at smb.'s authority - подрывать чей-л. авторитет
2. несчастье, удар судьбы3. горн. горный удар; обрушение кровлиII♢
the first blow is half the battle - посл. ≅ хорошее начало полдела откачало; лиха беда начало1. [bləʋ] n1. дуновение; порыв ветра2. 1) звук духового инструмента2) звук при сморкании3. фонтан кита4. разг.1) хвастовство2) хвастун5. метал.1) продувка2) бессемерование6. геол. выход рудной жилы на дневную поверхность7. сл.1) воен. передышка2) отдых, перерыв, чтобы перекусить; ≅ перекур3) = blow-out 28. кладка яиц мухами9. сл. кокаин2. [bləʋ] v (blew; blown)I1. дуть, веять ( о ветре)2. 1) гнать ( ветром); развеватьa lot of dust was blown in - нанесло /нагнало/ много пыли
2) нестись, быть гонимым ветром ( часто blow away)to blow away an obstacle - воен. снести препятствие артиллерийским огнём
3. 1) играть ( на духовом инструменте); дуть ( в свисток)2) издавать звук ( о духовом инструменте); свистеть (о сирене, свистке и т. п.)4. 1) дуть на что-л., студить2) согревать, сушить или охлаждать дыханием3) раздувать (огонь, мехи)5. выдувать (стеклянные изделия и т. д.)6. 1) продувать, прочищать (тж. blow through; blow out)to have the pipes blown (through /out/) - прочистить /продуть/ трубы
2) очищать от содержимого ( воздухом или газом)7. 1) взрывать (тж. blow up, blow down, blow in)2) взрываться (тж. blow up)8. лопаться (о вакуумной трубке, камере, покрышке и т. п.); разорваться от внутреннего давления9. 1) пыхтеть; тяжело дышать2) загнать ( лошадь)10. 1) перегорать ( о предохранителях)2) пережигать ( предохранители; тж. blow out)he's blown the fuse (out) - он пережёг пробки [см. тж. ♢ ]
11. распространять (новости, слухи; тж. blow about, blow abroad)the rumour has widely blown about, that... - широко распространился слух, что...
12. бушевать, разражаться гневом13. разоблачать14. разг. хвастаться15. 1) транжиритьhe blew his last money on a show - он потратил свои последние деньги на театр
2) разг. угощать16. сл. уходить, удирать17. сл. проиграть; проворонить18. сл. ликвидировать; похерить19. разг. хандрить20. театр. жарг. забыть текст, реплику21. сл. мастерски делать что-л.he blows great conversation - он мастер на разговоры, он любит много говорить
22. (p. p. blowed) эвф. ругать, проклинатьblow it! - чёрт возьми!
I'm blowed if I know - провалиться мне на этом месте, если я знаю
23. класть яйца ( о мухах)24. выпускать фонтан ( о ките)25. разг. курить или вдыхать наркотик26. уст. разжигать ( страсти)27. амер. сл. заниматься минетом, феллацио28. метал. подавать дутьё29. тех. парить (о сальнике, фланце)II Бto blow smth. to some state
приводить что-л. в какое-л. состояниеto blow open - а) распахивать; б) распахиваться
when the door blew open the crowd rushed in - когда дверь распахнулась, толпа бросилась внутрь
to blow to pieces - а) разбить вдребезги; б) разорвать на куски
♢
to blow hopes /speculations/ sky-high /to smithereens/ - разбить надежды в прах
to blow sky-high - сильно выбранить, выругать
to blow one's own horn /trumpet/ - хвастаться
to blow great guns - дуть, бушевать (о буре, ветре)
blow high, blow low - что бы ни случилось
to blow one's cool /one's top/ - потерять самообладание, выйти из себя
to blow smb.'s mind - а) волновать, возбуждать; б) захватить врасплох; поставить в тупик; в) испытывать наркотическое возбуждение, быть в трансе
to blow the whistle on smth. - положить конец чему-л.
it's about time someone blew the whistle on his dishonest practices - пора прекратить его бесчестные махинации
to blow the lid off smth. - амер. разг. разоблачить, обнародовать что-л.
to blow a fuse - амер. сл. а) раздражаться; б) взрываться от гнева; [см. тж. I 10, 2)]
IIto blow smb.'s head off - изругать кого-л.
1. [bləʋ] n1) цвет, цветение2) расцвет2. [bləʋ] v (blew; blown)1) цвести2) расцветать
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