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1 τιταίνω
τῐταίνω, [dialect] Ep. redupl. for τείνω, τανύω, only used in [tense] pres., [tense] impf., and [tense] aor. [voice] Act., [tense] impf. and [tense] aor. [voice] Med., [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. [voice] Pass.:—A stretch, τόξα τιταίνων bending his bow, Il.8.266; ἕτερος δ' ἐπὶ πάσι ( παισὶ Pap.; v. πᾶσις)ποικίλον τόξον τιταίνει B.9.43
; so in [voice] Med.,ἐτιταίνετο καμπύλα τόξα Il.5.97
, cf. Od.21.259;Τυδεΐδῃ ἔπι τόξα τιταίνετο Il.11.370
; φόρμιγγα τιτηνάμενος having tuned my harp, Orph.A. 251 codd.; hence τιταίνει.. νόμον plays a tune on the strings, Ar.Fr. 671 (troch.).2 stretch out,περὶ μέσσῳ χεῖρε τιτήνας Il.13.534
; χρύσεια πατὴρ ἐτίταινε τάλαντα held them out, 8.69;προπάροιθε θρόνων ἐτίταινε τραπέζας Od. 10.354
:—[voice] Pass., extend,τῇ καὶ τῇ D.P.637
, cf. 92, 116, al.3 draw at full stretch, ἅρμα τ. Il.2.390;βόε οἴνοπε πηκτὸν ἄροτρον.. τιταίνετον 13.704
: abs., τιταίνετον haste along, 23.403.4 [voice] Pass., strain or exert oneself, chiefly in part., ἂψ ὤσασκε τιταινόμενος with vehement effort, Od.11.599;γυῖα τιταινόμενος APl.4.105
; of a horse galloping, τιταινόμενος πεδίοιο stretching over the plain, Il.22.23; ; of birds,τιταινομένω πτερύγεσσιν Od.2.149
; of a man running at full speed, Hes.Sc. 229; of rivers,τ. κατ' ὄρεσφι Opp.H.1.22
.5 in Hp., Aret., and late [dialect] Ep., strain, ὄμμα τ. Man.4.496, etc.;τ. ὄμμα εἴς τι Nonn.D.7.283
; τ. ψιθύρισμα whistle loudly, ib.1.31, etc.:—[voice] Pass., to be strained or stretched, as in convulsions, Hp.Epid.5.47, Nic.Th. 722, Aret.CA1.5, etc.: metaph., ἡ ὀδύνη τ. becomes intense, Hp.Mul.2.134 (unless τὰ σκέλεα is the subject).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τιταίνω
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2 μῶλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `battle, toil and moil of war' (Il. σ 233, Hes. Sc. 257; after these Archil. 3).Compounds: As 2. member in εὔμωλος ἀγαθὸς πολεμιστής, εὔοπλος (H.) with Εὑμωλ-ίων (Sparta); further in the words from Gortyn, which belong semantically together ἀντί-μωλος = ' ἀντίδικος, opponent in a suit' with ἀντι- μωλ-ία δίκη εἰς ἥν οἱ ἀντίδικοι παραγίνονται (H. s. μωλεῖ), ἀμφί-μωλος `because of whom a suit is carried, disputable', ἀμωλ-εί `without suit', uncertain ἀγχεμω[λία], = ' ἀγχιστεία'?Derivatives: Denom. verb. μωλέω, also with ἀμφι-, ἀπο-, ἐπι-, `be at law' (Gort.), μωλεῖ μάχεται, μωλήσεται μαχήσεται, πικρανθήσεται H. -- Here prob. also Μώλεια n. PN. of an Arcad. feast (sch. A. R. 1, 164).Etymology: Unknown. Usually with Bezzenberger-Fick BB 6, 239 a.o. connected with Lat. mōlēs `heavy mass, heaviness, effort, difficulty'; orig. meaning then *`effort, labour v.t.' (still retained in μῶλος Ἄρηος?), from where `fight' (cf. πόνος); from there with transition in the juridical sphere `lawsuit'; cf. διώκειν, φεύγειν and Trümpy Fachausdrücke 160ff., Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 95f. A quite hypothetical attempt to connect μῶλος and mōlēs morphologically with each other, by Pedersen Cinq. décl. lat. 62 (Schwyzer 425). -- Separation of an l-suffix makes connection possible with a Germ.-Slav. group, e.g. OHG muoan `burden, mühen' (with müde etc.), Russ. máj-u, - atь `tire, exhaust, tease', Lith. prisi-muol-ėti `get tired'. More forms in WP. 2, 301f., Pok. 746, W.-Hofmann s. mōlēs, Vasmer s. májatь.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μῶλος
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3 πένομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to exert oneself, to toil, to work, to prepare, to provide' (Il.), `to exert onself, to (have to) do hard labour, to be poor, to lack smth.' (Sol., trag., Pl.).Other forms: only pres. a. ipf.Derivatives: 1. πενία, ion. - ίη f. `poverty, lack' (ξ 157; Scheller Oxytonierung 23 a. 39); 2. πενιχρ-ός `poor, devoid of smth.' (γ 348; cf. zu μελιχρός s. μέλι) with - ότης f. (S. E.). - αλέος `id.' (AP). 3. πένης, - ητος m. (f. πένησσα πτωχή H.) `who has to live from the labour of his hands, needy, poor' in opposition both to πλούσιος and to πτωχός = `begging, destitute' (IA.) with πενέσ-τερος, - τατος (X., D.); after ἀσθενέσ-τερος a.o.; not with Schwyzer 535 from *πενετ-τερος); from it πενητ-εύω `to be poor' (Emp.), - υλίδας m. "son of poverty" (Cerc.), from a hypocor. *Πενητ-ύλος (as Φειδ-ύλος, Πενθ-ύλος a.o.). -- 4. πόνος m. `(hard) labour, effort, struggle, sorrow, pain, fruit of the labour' (Il.; on the meaning Trümpy Fachausdrücke 148 ff.); also as 2. member, e.g. παυσί-πονος `ending pain' (E., Ar. in lyr.); but ματαιο-πόνος a.o. to πονέομαι, s. v. From it πον-ηρός `toilsome, useless, bad, evil' (IA.) with - ηρία, - ηρεύομαι, - ήρευμα; πονόεις `id.' (Man.). -- 5. Iterative deverbative πονέομαι, also w. ἀμφι-, δια- a.o. (Il., mostly in the older language), πονέω, also w. δια-, ἐκ-, κατα- a.o. (posthom.) `to exert oneself, to provide, to suffer', trans. `to cause pain'. As 2. member a.o. in ματαιο-πονέω `to labour in vain' (Democr.) with - πονία (Str.), - πόνημα (Iamb.), - πόνος (Plu., Gal.). From it πόν-ημα ( δια-) n. `labour, work' (Pl., E. u.a.), - ησις ( δια-, κατα-) f. `labour, effort' (Plu., D. L.); as backformation e.g. διάπον-ος `working hard, weary' (Plu.) from δια-πονέω. 6. Beside it πονάω only in ἐπονάθη (Pi.) and ἐπόνασαν (Theoc.); s. Schwyzer 719 w. n. 1.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Not certainly explained. The primary present πένομαι, which was pushed back and replaced by its own iterative πονέομαι, - έω and by its synonyms, e.g. κάμνω, δέω, is in the epos used esp. of domestic labour (cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 15). The meaning `want, lack, be poor' (from where πενία and πενιχρός already since Od.) developed from there like Lat. laborare `exert oneself', also `be in need, be pressed' (unargumented doubt in WP. 2, 661). Unclear is however the earlier history of the meaning. Possible is, that πένομαι orig. indicated a certain kind of domesic labour and from there was generalized. One may compare in that case expressions for `stretch, twist, weave' in Lith. pìnti `twist', OCS pęti `stretch', Arm. hanum and henum `weave', further OHG etc. spin. As the basic meaning of this verb seems to have been `unharness', one may also from there through `harness oneself' come to `exert oneself' (cf. Arm. y-enum `stem or stut smthing with hands or shoulders'?). Thus (after Schleicher, Benfey, Fick; s. Curtius 271f.) Pedersen KZ 39, 414 and Persson Beitr. 1, 411 ff.; further combinations in WP. 2, 660ff., Pok. 988, W.-Hofmann s. pendeō. As however the semantic development can be interpreted in diff. ways, this etymology, though quite possible, cannot be proven. A loan is hard to envisage. -- On the meaning of πένητες and πλούσιοι and synonyms and of πενία and πλοῦτος s. J. Hemelrijk Πενία en Πλοῦτος. Diss. Utrecht 1925. Cf. πεῖνα und σπάνις.Page in Frisk: 2,504-506Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πένομαι
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4 πρίν
πρίν, Adv. and Conj.,A before, until.[πρῐν 19
times in Hom., Il.2.344, al.; πρῑν in Il.6.81, 13.172, al.; once written [full] πρείν, Leg.Gort.7.40, but [full] πρίν IG12.60.11, 94.9, 114.46, etc.; Trag. and Com. always πρῐν ( πρίν γ' must be read in Ar.Ach. 176).]A Adv. of Time, before, either in the sense of sooner or in that of formerly, erst (implying duration up to a certain time):I of future time, with [tense] fut. Indic.,πρίν μιν καὶ γῆρας ἔπεισιν Il.1.29
, cf. 18.283, Od.2.198, etc.: with Subj. = [tense] fut.,πρὶν καὶ κακὸν ἄλλο πάθῃσθα Il.24.551
: with Opt. and κεν, πρίν κεν ἀνιηθεὶς σὴν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἵκοιο Od.3.117
, cf. 11.330, 14.155, Ar. Pax 1076, 1112: with Opt., Il. 24.800: with Imper., 9.250: with Inf. (expressing a wish), 2.413, (expressing an oath) Od.4.254.II of past time,1 formerly, once,πρὶν μέν μοι ὑπέσχετο.., νῦν δὲ.. Il.2.112
, v.l. in 9.19, cf. 23.827;πρὶν μὲν πόσιν ἐσθλὸν ἀπώλεσα Od.4.724
, cf. 3.408.2 formerly (up to a certain point), before, in this sense freq. with Art.,τὸ πρίν γ' ἐκέκαστο Il.5.54
;τὸ πρίν γε.., νῦν δὲ.. 13.105
;νῦν δὲ.. τὸ πρίν γε 16.208
, cf. A.Pr. 443, Hdt.1.129: without Art.,τὰς ἐπιστήμας ἅς ποτε καὶ π. εἴχομεν Pl.Phd. 75e
: with ellipsis of part. γενόμενος, τὰ π. πελώρια (sc. γενόμενα ) the giants of old, A.Pr. 151 (lyr.); τοῦ π. Αἰγέως Aegeus gone before, S.OC69;ἐν τῷ π. χρόνῳ Id.Ph. 1224
;ἐν τοῖς π. λόγοις Th.2.62
: with part. expressed,τὸ π. γενόμενον τέρας Hdt.8.37
;τοὺς πρὶν φυλαττομένους Pl.R. 547c
, etc.3 hitherto,π. μέν.. B.12.114
; until that time, and so meanwhile, Id.15.13.4 sts. folld. by gen.,π. ὥρας Pi.P.4.43
;π. ἀνηκέστου πάθους J.BJ1.6.1
;π. γενέσεως Thd.Su.42
;π. τῆς συνόδου S.E.M.9.371
;π. φάους Arr.An. 3.18.6
; π. τοῦ βλέψαι, π. τοῦ ἀποθανεῖν, S.E.P.7.162, v.l. in LXX To. 14.15; also πρὶν οὗ c. inf., SIG953.16 (Calymna, ii B.C.); c. indic., Test. ap. D.46.21.B Conj. before, ere: freq. following an antecedent clause with adverbial π. (chiefly in [dialect] Ep.), or its equivalents πρότερον, πρόσθεν, πάρος (poet.), esp. with negat.,οὐδὲ π..., π... Il.1.98
,7.481, Od.19.475;μὴ π..., π... Il.2.355
, E.HF 605;π..., π... Il.2.348
, 8.453, Od.19.586;οὐ πρότερον.., π... Ar.Ec. 620
, And.4.17, D.9.61;μὴ πρότερον.. π... S.Ph. 199
(anap.), Pl.Phd. 62c, Aeschin.1.10;πρότερον.., π... And.4.1
, X.Cyr.5.2.9;οὐ πρόσθεν.., π... Od. 17.9
, X.Cyr.1.4.23;μὴ πρόσθεν.., π... Id.An.1.1.10
;πρόσθε., π. τυχεῖν Pi.P.2.92
;οὐ πάρος.., π... Od.2.128
, Il.5.219; preceded by φθάνω, 16.322, Antipho 1.29, Th.4.79, 104, 6.97, 8.12, X.An.4.1.21, Cyr.2.4.25; sts. folld. byἤ, οὐ.. πρίν γ' ἀποπαύσεσθαι πρίν γ' ἢ ἕτερόν γε πεσόντα αἵματος ἆσαι Ἄρηα Il.5.288
, cf. 22.266, Hdt.1.136, 165, al.; dub. and perh. always corrupt in [dialect] Att. and X., Th.5.61, Lys.6.11, Isoc.4.19 (v.l.), Lycurg.128, Aeschin.2.132 (v.l.), X.Cyr.1.4.23, An. 4.5.1, but freq. in later Greek, LXX Ge.29.26, etc.I c. inf., the prevailing constr. in Hom., after positive and negative clauses alike: in [dialect] Att. mostly after positive clauses, and always used with them when the action does not or is not to take place: the tense is,I regularly [tense] aor.,a after a positive clause,ναῖε δὲ Πήδαιον, πρὶν ἐλθεῖν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν Il.13.172
, cf. 8.453, 16.322, Od.1.210;Ζεὺς ὀλέσειε βίην, πρὶν ἥβης μέτρον ἱκέσθαι 4.668
, cf. Il.6.465, 24.245, Pi.P.2.92.3.9, N.8.19, Hdt.6.119, A.Pers. 712, Ag. 1539 (anap.). S.Ant. 120 (lyr.), Tr. 396, E.Alc. 281, Ar.Eq. 258, al., Antipho 5.67, Th.1.125, X.An.4.1.7, Pl.Prt. 350b, al.; after negat. questions which expect a posit. answer, E.Andr. 1069, Ion 524, Rh. 684, Ar.Ra. 481, etc.b after a negat. clause,οὐδ' ὅ γε πρὶν Δαναοῖσιν ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἀπώσει, πρίν γ' ἀπὸ πατρὶ φίλῳ δόμεναι ἑλικώπιδα κούρην Il.1.98
, cf. 19.423, Od.2.128, 4.747 : after Hom. a negat. antecedent is commonly folld. by πρίν with finite Verb (v. infr. 11); but Inf. is found where π. precedes,π. ἰδεῖν δ', οὐδεὶς μάντις S.Aj. 1419
(anap.);π. μὲν γὰρ κριθῆναι, οὐ ῥᾴδιον ἦν εἰδέναι τὰς αἰτίας And.4.8
;π. νικῆσαι.., οὐκ ἦν.. Lys.19.28
;π. δὲ ταῦτα πρᾶξαι, μὴ σκοπεῖτε D.3.12
, cf. Lycurg. 135; also,οὔτε.. π. ἱδρῶσαι δεῖπνον ᾑρεῖτο X.Cyr.8.1.38
; also after Verbs of fearing (the positive being the thing dreaded),ὅταν.. δεδίωσι μὴ πρότερόν τι μάθῃς, π. τέλος ἐπιθεῖναι τοῖς πραττομένοις Isoc.5.70
, cf. E.Fr.453.6, S.Tr. 632; in unfulfilled conditions and wishes,οὔθ' ὁ Πλούτωνος κύων οὔθ' οὑπὶ κώπῃ ψυχοπομπὸς ἂν Χάρων ἔσχον π. εἰς φῶς σὸν καταστῆσαι βίον E.Alc. 362
, cf. Rh.61; otherwise not common,ὤφθην οὐδεπώποτε π. ταύτην τὴν συμφορὰν γενέσθαι Lys.19.55
;οὐδὲ παύσεται χόλου.., π. κατασκῆψαί τινα E.Med.94
, cf. HF 605;καί μοι μὴ θορυβήσῃ μηδεὶς π. ἀκοῦσαι D.5.15
, cf. X.Oec.4.24: after neg. opt. with ἄν, οὕτω γένοιτ' ἂν οὐδ' ἂν ἔκβασις στρατοῦ καλή, π. ὅρμῳ ναῦν θρασυνθῆναι a.Supp.772, cf. Pl.Lg. 769e: after a past tense (in orat. obliq.),ὤμοσαν μὴ π. ἐς Φώκαιαν ἥξειν, π. ἢ τὸν μύδρον τοῦτον ἀναφανῆναι Hdt.1.165
, cf. 4.9, Th. 7.50, X.HG6.5.23, Pl.Phd. 61a.2 also [tense] pres., to convey a special sense of continuance, effort, or the like , 'before undertaking to', 'before proceeding to',π. ἐξοπλίζειν Ἄρη A.Supp. 702
(lyr.), cf. Ag. 1067;π. νυν τὰ πλείον' ἱστορεῖν.., ἔξελθε S.OC36
, cf. El.20;π. κλαίειν τινά E.Andr. 577
, cf. Or. 1095;π. λέγειν Ar.Th. 380
, cf. Ach. 383, Hdt. 8.3, And.4.1, Th.3.24, Pl.Lg. 666a, X.Cyr.2.4.25, Mem.1.2.40, etc.3 also [tense] perf., after a [tense] fut.,π. τόδ' ἐξηντληκέναι E.Med.79
; after [tense] pres. or [tense] impf., Id.El. 1069, cf. Hdt.3.25;π..., τί μέλλετ'.. ; E.Ph. 1145
;π. καὶ τεθύσθαι Ar.Av. 1034
, cf. V. 1156, Pax 375, Lys. 322 (lyr.), Ra. 1185, X. An.4.1.21, Pl.Tht. 164c, Prt. 320a, etc.; with ἥκειν in [tense] pf. sense, Hdt.6.116;οὐ βουλόμενος διαγωνίσασθαι π. οἱ τοὺς βοηθοὺς ἥκειν Th.5.10
.II with a finite Verb:1 with Ind., chiefly [tense] aor.: not in Hom. (first in h.Ap. 357), who uses Ind. only with πρίν γ' ὅτε, πρίν γ' ὅτε δή, after both posit. and neg. clauses,ἠλώμην.., πρίν γ' ὅτε.. ἤγαγες Od.13.322
;πρίν γ' ὅτε δή με.. κάλεσσεν 23.43
, cf. Il.12.437;οὐδέ κεν ἡμέας ἄλλο διέκρινεν.., πρίν γ' ὅτε δὴ θανάτοιο.. νέφος ἀμφεκάλυψεν Od.4.180
: rarely with [tense] impf., οὐδ' ὧς τοῦ θυμὸν.. ἔπειθον, πρίν γ' ὅτε δὴ θάλαμος πύκ' ἐβάλλετο ( began to be hit) Il.9.588: freq. after Hom., with [tense] aor.,a after neg. clauses: of a fact in the past,οὐκ ἦν ἀλέξημ' οὐδὲν.., πρίν γ' ἐγώ σφισιν ἔδειξα A.Pr. 481
;οὐ πρότερον ἀπανέστη.. Μαρδόνιος, πρὶν ἤ σφεας ὑποχειρίους ἐποιήσατο Hdt.6.45
; ἀλλ' οὐδ' ὣς.. ἠξίωσαν νεώτερόν τι ποιεῖν ἐς αὐτο'ν.., πρίν γε δὴ αὐτοῖς.. μηνυτὴς γίγνεται (histor. [tense] pres. = [tense] aor.) Th.1.132, cf. 3.101, 5.61, Hdt.6.79, Ar.Av. 700, X.Cyr.1.4.23,4.5.13 (histor. [tense] pres.), HG5.4.58, etc.; once in Pl., Phdr. 266a; as part of an unfulfilled condition,οὐκ ἂν κατέσχε δῆμον οὐδ' ἐπαύσατο π. ἀνταράξας πῖαρ ἐξεῖλεν γάλα Sol.
ap. Arist.Ath.12.5;οὐκ ἂν ἐσκεψάμεθα πρότερον.., πρὶν ἐζητήσαμεν Pl.Men. 86d
, cf. Tht. 165e;χρῆν τοίνυν Αεπτίνην μὴ πρότερον τιθέναι τὸν ἑαυτοῦ νόμον, πρὶν τοῦτον ἔλυσε γραψάμενος D.20.96
; after verbs implying a neg.,ἀμφιγνοεῖν X.An.2.5.33
,θαυμάζειν Th.1.51
,λανθάνειν Id.3.29
; also with [tense] impf.,οὔπω ᾔδει.. π. ἐν τῷ κακῷ ἦν Antipho 1.19
, cf. And.4.17, D.9.61.b after posit. clauses (both combined, A.Pr. 481, Th.1.118), with the sense until,ἠγόμην δ' ἀνὴρ ἀστῶν μέγιστος.., πρίν μοι τύχη τοιάδ' ἐπέστη S.OT 776
; σπουδαὶ δὲ λόγων ἦσαν ἴσαι πως, πρὶν.. πείθει (histor. [tense] pres.) E. Hec. 131 (anap.);πρίν γ' ὁρᾷ Id.Med. 1173
; freq. folld. byδή, π. δή τις ἐφθέγξατο Id.Andr. 1147
; τὰ περὶ τοὺς ἀγῶνας κατελύθη (neg. idea)ὑπὸ ξυμφορῶν, πρὶν δὴ οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι τότε τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐποίησαν Th.3.104
, cf.7.39 (histor. [tense] pres.), 71.2 with Subj. only after negs. or equiv. of neg., = ἕως or ἢν μή (in Isoc.4.173 ἢν μή and πρὶν ἄν are used almost as synonyms);οὐ καταδυσόμεθ', ἀχνύμενοί περ.., πρὶν μόρσιμον ἦμαρ ἐπέλθῃ Od.10.175
;μή πω καταδύσεο.., πρίν γ' ἐμὲ.. ἴδηαι Il.18.135
, cf. 190, 24.781;ἀλλ' ὄμοσον μὴ μητρὶ φίλῃ τάδε μυθήσασθαι, πρίν γ' ὅτ' ἂν ἑνδεκάτη τε δυωδεκάτη τε γένηται Od.2.374
, cf. 4.477: in Prose usu. πρὶν ἄν (πρίν κα Berl.Sitzb.1927.161
([place name] Cyrene)), rarely π. alone, as also πρὶν ἤ:a generally with [tense] aor., to express an action preceding the action of the anteced. clause, the Verb in which is [tense] fut. (or some equiv. of the [tense] fut.) or imper.,οὐ γαμέεται παρθένος οὐδεμία, πρὶν ἂν τῶν πολεμίων ἄνδρα ἀποκτείνῃ Hdt.4.117
, cf. 1.82 (v.l.), 3.109 (v.l.); νῦν δ' οὐδέν ἐστι τέρμα μοι προκείμενον μόχθων (the sense here is [tense] fut.), , cf. 166 (lyr.), 177 (anap.);οὐ γάρ ποτ' ἔξει τῆσδε τῆς χώρας, πρὶν ἂν.. στήσῃς ἄγων S.OC 909
, cf. 48, 1041, OT 1529, etc.;οὐκ ἂν ἐκμάθοις.., πρὶν ἂν θάνῃ τις Id.Tr.2
;οὐκ ἄπειμι πρὸς δόμους πάλιν, πρὶν ἄν σε.. ἔξω βάλω E.Med. 276
, cf. 680, Alc. 1145, IA 324, IT19, 1302;μὴ προκαταγίγνωσκε.., π. ἄν γ' ἀκούσῃς ἀμφοτέρων Ar.V. 920
, cf. Ach. 176, 230, X.Hier.6.13, Cyr.1.2.8, An.1. 1.10, 5.7.12, Pl.Phdr. 228c, La. 187e (ἂν added in later codd.), etc.;μηδέν' ὀλβίζειν π. ἀ'ν τέρμα τοῦ βίου περάσῃ S.OT 1529
(troch.);οὐχὶ μὴ παύσησθε, π. ἄν.. ὑμᾶς τις ἐκτραχηλίσῃ Ar.Lys. 704
: π. withoutἄν, μὴ στέναζε, π. μάθῃς S.Ph. 917
, cf. Ant. 619 (lyr.), Aj. 742, 965, Tr. 608, 946;οὐκ ἔστιν ὅστις αὐτὸν ἐξαιρήσεται.., π. γυναῖκ' ἐμοὶ μεθῇ E.Alc. 849
, cf. Or. 1218, 1357 (lyr.);π. χαρίσωνται Ar.Ec. 629
(s.v.l.);οὐ γὰρ δή σφεας ἀπίει τῆς ἀποικίης, πρὶν δὴ ἀπίκωνται Hdt.4.157
;π. διαγνῶσι Th.6.29
; π... βεβαιωσώμεθα ib.10 (dub.l.);πρὶν ἀνάγκην τινὰ θεὸς ἐπιπέμψῃ Pl.Phd. 62c
codd.;π. ἐξετάσωσιν Hyp.Eux.4
: πρὶν ἤ (never with ἄν), π. ἢ ἀνορθώσωσι Hdt.1.19
, cf. 136, Pl.Ti. 57b, etc.: with neg. implied,ὁ δὲ ἀδικέει ἀναπειθόμενος π. ἢ ἀτρεκέως ἐκμάθῃ Hdt.7.10
.ή; αἰσχρὸν ἡγοῦμαι πρότερον παύσασθαι, π. ἂν.. ψηφίσησθε Lys. 22.4
;ὅστις οὖν οἴεται τοὺς ἄλλους πράξειν τι.., π. ἂν.. διαλλάξῃ, λίαν ἁπλῶς ἔχει Isoc.4.16
(where ὅστις οὖν οἴεται = οὐ δεῖ οὔεσθαι, as is shown by ἀλλὰ δεῖ in the next sentence, cf. D.38.24).b less freq. (never in Hom.) with [tense] pres. subj.: μήπω π. ἂν τῶν ἡμετέρων ἀΐῃς (the Verb has no [tense] aor.) (anap.);ὁ νομοθέτης τὰ διδασκαλεῖα ἀνοίγειν ἀπαγορεύει μὴ πρότερον π. ἂν ὁ ἥλιος ἀνίσχῃ Aeschin.1.10
, cf. Antipho 1.29, X.Cyr.2.2.8, Pl.Phdr. 271c.3 πρίν with Opt.:a representing subj. after histor. tenses,οὐκ ἔθελεν φεύγειν π. πειρήσαιτ' Ἀχιλῆος Il.21.580
; πρίν γ' ὅτε, as with subj., 9.488;ἔδοξέ μοι μὴ σῖγα π. φράσαιμί σοι τὸν πλοῦν ποεῖσθαι S. Ph. 551
, cf. Th.3.22, X.Cyr.1.4.14, HG6.5.19 (cf. 2.4.18), An.1.2.2, Pl.Ap. 36c, etc.b by assimilation,ὄλοιο μήπω π. μάθοιμι S.Ph. 961
, cf. Tr. 657 (lyr.); οὐδὲ γὰρ εἰδείης (potential opt.)..π. πειρηθείης Thgn.126
; after opt. withἄν, οὐκ ἂν πρότερον ὁρμήσειε π. βεβαιώσαιτο Pl.Lg. 799d
, cf. S.OT 505 (lyr.).4 π. ἄν c. opt. is doubtful, and (if not corrupt) due to the change required by orat. obl.,ἀπαγορευόντων τῶν φίλων τῶν ἐμῶν μὴ ἀποκτείνειν τὸν ἄνδρα, πρὶν ἄν ἐγὼ ἔλθοιμι Antipho 5.34
(s.v.l.), cf. X.HG2.3.48, 2.4.18. -
5 διαφέρω
A , , etc.: [tense] aor. 1 διήνεγκα, [dialect] Ion. διήνεικα: [tense] aor. 2 διήνεγκον:— carry over or across,δ. ναῦς τὸν Ἰσθμόν Th.8.8
; carry from one to another,διαφέρεις κηρύγματα E.Supp. 382
; [τὸ ἤλεκτρον] διαφέρεται εἰς τοὺς Ἕλληνας Arist. Mir. 836b6
: metaph., γλῶσσαν διοίσει will put the tongue in motion, will speak, S.Tr. 323 codd.2 of Time, δ. τὸν αἰῶνα, τὸν βίον, go through life, Hdt.3.40, E.Hel.[10]; : abs., ἄπαις διοίσει ib. 982:—[voice] Med., live, continue,ὑγιηροὶ τἄλλα διαφέρονται Hp. Art.56
; σοῦ διοίσεται μόνος will pass his life apart from thee, S.Aj. 511;σκοπούμενος διοίσει X.Mem.2.1.24
(cj. Dind. for διέσῃ).4 bear to the end, go through with,πόλεμον Hdt.1.25
, Th.1.11; but also, bear the burden of war, Id.6.54; endure, support, with an Adv., ;δ. πότμον δάκρυσι E.Hipp. 1143
(lyr.): abs., of patients in disease,δ. ἕως τῶν εἰκοσιτεσσάρων ἡμερέων Hp.Int.40
; δ. φθειρόμενος ib.12 (also ἡ νοῦσος δ. ἐννέα ἔτεα ibid.).II carry different ways, Ar.Lys. 570, etc.;δ. ἕκαστα εἰς τὰς χώρας τὰς προσηκούσας X.Oec.9.8
; toss about,ὅπλισμα.. διαφέρων ἐσφενδόνα E.Supp. 715
; δ. τὰς κόρας to turn the eyes about, Id.Ba. 1087. Or. 1261 (lyr.):—[voice] Pass., to be drawn apart, disrupted, opp. συμφέρεσθαι, Heraclit.10, Pl.Sph. 242e, Epicur.Nat.908.2; to be tossed about, dub. in Str.3.2.5;δ. ἐν τῷ Ἀδρίᾳ Act.Ap.27.27
, cf. Plu.Galb.26.2 δ. τινά spread his fame abroad, Pi.P.11.60;εἰς ἅπαντας τὴν ἐκείνου μνήμην δ. D.61.46
:—[voice] Pass.,φήμη διηνέχθη Plu.2.163c
.3 tear asunder, E.Ba. 754; disjoin, Arist.Po. 1451a34 ([voice] Pass.): metaph., distract,τὰς ψυχὰς φροντίσιν Plu.2.133d
, cf. 97f ([voice] Pass.), D.Chr.32.46 ([voice] Pass.).4 δ. τὴν ψῆφον give one's vote a different way, i.e. against another, Hdt.4.138, etc.; but also, give each man his vote, E.Or.49, Th.4.74, X.Smp.5.8.5 ἐράνους δ., = διαλύεσθαι, pay them up, discharge them, Lycurg.22.7 plunder, Herod.7.90:—[voice] Pass.,τῶν ἀπὸ [τῆς οἰκίας] φορτίων διενηνεγμένων PLond.1.45.9
(ii B.C.).8 excel,ἀρετῇ τοὺς ἄλλους D.S.11.67
, cf. 2.5;καλλιτεκνίᾳ πάσας γυναῖκας Stud.Pont.3.123
([place name] Amasia).III intr., differ,φυᾷ δ. Pi.N.7.54
; ἆρ' οἱ τεκόντες διαφέρουσιν ἢ τροφαί; is it one's parents or nurture that make the difference? E.Hec. 599: c. gen., to be different from, Id.Or. 251, Th.5.86, etc.; , cf. Pl.Prt. 329d;τὸ δ'.. ἀφανίζειν ἱερὰ ἔσθ' ὅτι τοῦ κόπτειν διαφέρει; D.21.147
;δ. τὰς μορφάς Arist.HA 497b15
; δ. εἴς τι, ἔν τινι, X.Hier.1.2,7;παρὰ τὴν Βεβρυκίαν App.Mith. 1
;καθ' ὑπεροχὴν καὶ ἕλλειψιν Arist.HA 486a22
;κατὰ τὴν θέσιν Id.Mete. 341b24
; ;τίνι δ. τὰ ἄρρενα τῶν θηλειῶν.. θεωρείσθω Id.PA 684b3
: c. inf.,μόνῃ τῇ μορφῇ μὴ οὑχὶ πρόβατα εἶναι δ. Luc.Alex.15
: with Art., τρεῖς μόναι ψῆφοι διήνεγκαν τὸ μὴ θανάτου τιμῆσαι three votes made the difference (i.e. majority) against capital punishment, D.23.167; also διαφέρει τὸ ἥμισυ τοῦ ἔργου makes a difference equal to half the effort expended, X.Oec.20.17.2 impers., διαφέρει it makes a difference,πλεῖστον δ. Hp.Aph.5.22
;βραχὺ δ. τοῖς θανοῦσιν εἰ.. E.Tr. 1248
, etc.; οὐδὲν δ. it makes no odds, Pl.Phd. 89c, cf. Men.Epit. 193;σμικρὸν οἴει διαφέρειν; Pl.R. 467c
: c. dat. pers., δ. μοι it makes a difference to me, Antipho 5.13, Pl.Prt. 316b, etc.; ἰδίᾳ τι αὐτῷ δ. he has some private interest at stake, Th.3.42; εἰ ὑμῖν μή τι δ. if you see no objection, Pl.La. 187d;τί δέ σοι τοῦτο δ. εἴτε.. εἴτε μή; Id.R. 349a
, cf. Grg. 497b, etc.: c. inf.,οὐδέ τί οἱ διέφερεν ἀποθανεῖν Hdt.1.85
: with personal constr.,πράγματά τινι διαφέροντα Plu.Caes.65
; to be of importance, πρός or εἴς τι, Gal.15.420,428;τῷ ζῴῳ Id.UP9.5
.3τὸ δ.
the difference, the odds,Pl.
Phlb. 45d; = τὸ συμφέρον Antiph.31; , cf. Lys.31.5, Is.4.12; τὰ ἀναγκαιότερα τῷ ταμιείῳ δ. vital interests, PThead.15.17 (iii A.D.); τὸ δ. μέρος τῶν ἀποφάσεων the essential part, POxy.1204.11 (iii A.D.); τὰ δ. vital matters, Ep.Rom.2.18;ἐπιστάμενος τὰ δ. παραβαίνειν τολμᾷ And. 3.19
(but τὰ δ. also simply, points of difference, in character and the like , Th.1.70, etc.).4 to be different from a person: generally, in point of excess, surpass, excel him (cf. supr. 11.8), τινός v.l. for -όντως in Th.3.39; τινί in a thing, Id.2.39, Alex.36.6;ἔν τινι Isoc.3.39
; ;κατὰ μέγεθος X.Lac.1.10
;πρός τι Aeschin.1.181
: c. inf.,δ. τινὸς μεταβιβάζειν τινά Pl.Grg. 517b
: sts. folld. by ἤ, πολὺ διέφερεν ἀλέξασθαι ἤ.. it was far better.. than.., X.An.3.4.33, cf. Mem.3.11.14, Vect.4.25 (where it means to differ in point of diminution); alsoδ. μέγα τι παρὰ τὰς ἄλλας πόλεις Plb.10.27.5
: abs., excel,ἐπί τινι Isoc.10.12
;τάχει Jul.Or.2.53c
;οἱ τόποι διαφέρουσι Thphr.CP5.14.9
; a remarkable achievement,Plb.
6.39.2.8 belong to, τινί, as property, Ph.1.207, PLond. 3.940.23 (iii A.D.); of persons, belong to a household, PStrassb.26.5 (iv A.D.); kinsfolk, 4/5.476 ([place name] Bargylia); appertain to, (iii A.D.); τὰ εἰς τοῦτο -φέροντα πράγματα Mitteis Chr. 372v3 (ii A.D.).IV [voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., be at variance, quarrel,τινί Heraclit.72
, cf. Amphis32, etc.;περί τινος Hdt.1.173
, Pl.Euthphr.7b; δ. ἀλλήλοις differ with, ibid., cf. Antipho 5.42;τινὶ περί τινος Th.5.31
, cf. X.Oec.17.4;πρὸς ἀλλήλους Lys.18.17
, cf. Hyp.Oxy. 1607 Fr. 1 iii 60, etc.;τὰ πρὸς ἀλλήλους Supp.Epigr. 1.363.5
(Samos, iii B.C.);ἀμφί τινος X.An.4.5.17
;διενεχθέντας γνώμῃ Hdt.7.220
; δ. ὡς.. maintain on the contrary that.., D.56.46; οὐ διαφέρομαι, = οὔ μοι διαφέρει, Id.9.8; μηδὲν διὰ τοῦτο διαφέρου let there be no dispute on this ground, Lys.10.17; οἱ -φερόμενοι the litigants, SIG685.29 (Crete, ii B.C.).—Not in [dialect] Ep.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > διαφέρω
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6 μάχομαι
Aμαχέοιτο Il.1.272
, μαχέοιντο ib. 344 (v.l. μαχέονται); part. μαχεόμενος v.l. in Hdt.7.104 (elsewh. μαχόμενος, 9.75,al.); [dialect] Ep.μαχειόμενος Od.17.471
,μαχεούμενος 11.403
, 24.113: [dialect] Ep.[tense] impf.μαχέσκετο Il.7.140
: [tense] fut.μαχήσομαι 23.621
, Hdt.7.209; μαχέσομαι, δια-μαχεσόμεθα (as v.l.) Id.9.48; also in late Prose, J.AJ 11.8.3, Plu.2.215f; , Ar.Pl. 1076, etc., μαχεῖται even in Il.20.26, butμαχέονται 2.366
; [dialect] Ep. μαχέσσομαι v.l. for μαχήσομαι 1.298: [tense] aor.ἐμαχεσάμην Hdt.1.18
, etc.; opt.μαχέσαιο Il.6.329
; inf.μαχέσασθαι 17.178
, alsoμαχέσσασθαι 15.633
; opt.μαχεσσαίμεσθα Theoc.22.74
; part.μαχεσσαμένω Il.1.304
; laterμαχήσασθαι Paus.1.27.1
, ( ἀνα-) D.S.19.93: [tense] pf.μεμάχημαι Th.7.43
, Lys.7.41, Isoc.6.54: late [tense] aor.ἐμαχέσθην Plu.2.970f
, Paus.5.4.9: [tense] fut. μαχεσθήσομαι only Sch.rec.A.Th. 672:— fight, Hom., etc.;ὑσμῖνι μ. Il.2.863
; πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μ. ib. 452, etc.;μάχην μ. X.Ages.5.5
: in Hom. mostly of armies and persons fighting as parts of armies, but sts. of single combat, Il.3.91, 433, 7.51, 111, 279, Od.18.31,39; between men and beasts, Il.15.633, Od.20.15; between beasts, Il.16.824:—Constr.: c. dat. pers., fight with, i. e. against, one,ἀνδράσιν ἶφι μ. Il.1.151
, cf. S.Ph. 1253, etc.; μ. ἀντία, ἐναντίον τινός, Il.20.88,97;ἐπί τινι 5.124
, etc.;πρός τινα 17.471
, but πρὸς δαίμονα against heaven's will, ib.98 (in [dialect] Att. Prose, mostly c. dat. orπρός, μ. τοῖς πολεμίοις D.4.47
;πρὸς ἀλλήλους Isoc.4.116
); μ. σὺν σοί,.. θεά, with thy help, Od.13.390; μετὰ πρώτοισι μ. among the foremost, Il.5.575; μετὰ Βοιωτῶν μ. with them, in their ranks, 13.700;πρός τινας μετ' ἀλλήλων Isoc. 10.53
, cf. Pl.Smp. 179a; κατὰ σφέας γὰρ μαχέονται will fight by themselves, Il.2.366 (but κατ' ἕνα μ. fight in single combat, Hdt. 7.104); μ. πρό τινος before him: hence, metaph., for him, in his defence, Il.4.156, 8.56, X.HG5.4.33, etc.;ὑπὲρ τοῦ νόμου Heraclit. 44
;πάτρας ὕπερ E.Ph. 1002
;Ἕλλησιν ὑπὲρ Ἑλλήνων Pl.Mx. 239b
;περὶ δαιτί Od.2.245
; but later usu. περί τινος, A.Supp. 740, Cratin. 163, Hdt.1.95;ἀμφί τινι Il.3.70
,91;ἀμφὶ νέκυι 16.565
;εἵνεκά τινος 2.377
: c. dat. instrum., τόξοισι, πελέκεσσι μ., 7.140, 15.711 ( χερσὶ μαχέσσασθαι, of boxers, Od.18.39); μ. ἀπ' ἵππου fight from horseback, Hdt.9.63; τὸ μήπω μεμαχημένον the force that had not yet come into action, Th.7.43.2 c. acc., fight against, only f.l. in Philostr.Im. 2.23.II generally, quarrel, wrangle,ἔριδι μ. Il.1.8
; μ. ἐπέεσσιν ib. 304, etc.; τινι 5.875, 13.118; τῷ παιδὶ μ. make a scene with.., Thphr.Char.23.8; dispute, argue,περί τι μ. Pl.R. 342d
, etc.III contend for the mastery in games, etc.,πὺξ μ. Il.23.621
; measure oneself with or against, τινι 1.272;παγκράτιον μ. Ar.V. 1190
, 1195;μ. Ὀλυμπιάδα Philostr.Gym.21
.IV after Hom., struggle against a force,ἀνάγκᾳ δ' οὐδὲ θεοὶ μ. Simon.5.21
;ὄμβρῳ Alc.Supp.26.4
;πρὸς ἡνίας μ. A.Pr. 1010
;πρὸς ἐπιθυμίας ἢ ἡδονάς Pl.La. 191e
; μ. τῷ λιμῷ, τῷ δίψει, X.Cyr.3.1.5.V c. inf., struggle, make an effort to do, Arist.HA 552a23.VI of arguments, propositions, etc., to be in contradiction or inconsistent,τρία ὁμολογήματα μ. αὐτὰ αὑτοῖς Pl.Tht. 155b
, cf. Plb.16.28.4;μαχόμενα Phld.Mus.p.95
K., S.E.P.1.198, al.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μάχομαι
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7 κάμνω
Aκαμεῖται Il.2.389
, Pl.Lg. 921e; [dialect] Ep. inf.- έεσθαι A.R.3.580
: [tense] aor. 2 ἔκᾰμον, [dialect] Ep.κάμον Il.4.187
,al.; inf. καμεῖν, [dialect] Ep. subj. redupl. κεκάμω, κεκάμῃσι, κεκάμωσιν, Il.1.168, 17.658, 7.5 (but Aristarch. read κε κάμω, etc., prob. rightly): [tense] pf.κέκμηκα Il.6.262
, etc.: [tense] plpf.ἐκεκμήκεσαν Th.3.98
; [dialect] Ep. part. κεκμηώς, κεκμηῶτι, κεκμηῶτα, Il.23.232, 6.261, Od.10.31;κεκμηότας Il.11.802
; κεκμηῶτας is v.l. for κεκμηκότας in Th.3.59:— [voice] Med., [tense] aor. 2ἐκᾰμόμην Od.9.130
, [dialect] Ep.καμ- Il.18.341
.I trans., work, μίτρη, τὴν Χαλκῆες κάμον ἄνδρες wrought it, 4.187, 216;ἐπεὶ πάνθ' ὅπλα κάμε 18.614
;σκῆπτρον.., τὸ μὲν Ἥφαιστος κάμε τεύχων 2.101
, cf. 8.195;κ. νῆας Od.9.126
;πέπλον Il.5.338
, cf. Od.15.105;ἵππον 11.523
;λέχος 23.189
; ἄστυ build, A.R.1.1322: also in [tense] aor. [voice] Med.,ἱρόν Id.2.718
.2 [tense] aor.[voice] Med., win by toil, τὰς (sc. γυναῖκας)αὐτοὶ καμόμεσθα βίηφί τε δουρί τε μακρῷ Il.18.341
.3 [tense] aor.[voice] Med., labour, till,οἵ κέ σφιν καὶ νῆσον.. ἐκάμοντο Od.9.130
;οἴκους Philet.8
.II intr., toil, labour, τινι for one, Od.14.65;ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως Th.2.41
: then, from the effect of continued work, to be weary, , cf. 11.802: with acc. of the part, οὐδέ τι γυῖα.. κάμνει nor is he weary in limb, 19.170, etc.; ;ὁ δ' ἀριστερὸν ὦμον ἔκαμνεν 16.106
: freq. c. part., κ. πολεμίζων, ἐλαύνοντες, ἐρεθίζων, is weary of fighting, rowing, etc., 1.168, 7.5, 17.658, etc.;οὐ μέν θην κάμετον.. ὀλλῦσαι Τρῶας 8.448
;ἔκαμον δέ μοι ὄσσε πάντῃ παπταίνοντι Od.12.232
; but οὐδέ τι τόξον δὴν ἔκαμον τανύων I did not long strain over stringing the bow, i.e. did it without effort, 21.426, cf. Il.8.22: later freq. with neg., οὔτοι καμοῦμαι.. λέγουσα I shall never be tired of saying, A.Eu. 881;μὴ κάμῃς λέγων E.IA 1143
; ;οὔποτε κάμοιμ' ἂν ὀρχουμένη Ar.Lys. 541
(lyr.); κ. εὐεργετῶν, ἐπαινῶν, Pl.Grg. 470c,Lg. 921e: c. dat., κ. δαπάναις to grow tired in spending, spare expense, Pi.P.1.90.3 to be sick or suffering, τί πάσχεις; τί κάμνεις; Ar.Nu. 708; οἱ κάμνοντες the sick, Hdt.1.197, cf. S.Ph. 282, And.1.64, Pl.R. 407c, Ep.Jac.5.15, etc.; of a doctor's patients, Hp.Acut.1, D.18.243, SIG943.10 ([place name] Cos); καμοῦσα ἀπέθανε having fallen sick, And.1.120: c. acc. cogn.,κάμνειν νόσον E.Heracl. 990
, Pl.R. 408e; [ τὴν ποδάγραν] v.l. in Arist.HA 604a23;τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς Hdt.2.111
; τὰ σώματα to be ill or distempered in body, Pl.Grg. 478a;ὠσίν τε κὤμμασιν Herod.3.32
;πάθᾳ Pi.P.8.48
; ;ἀπὸ τοῦ τραύματος Luc.Tox.60
;ὑπὸ νόσου Hdn.3.14.2
.4 generally, to be distressed, meet with disaster,στρατοῦ καμόντος A.Ag. 670
;τῷ πεποιημένῳ κ. μεγάλως Hdt.1.118
, cf. A.Ag. 482 (lyr.), E.Med. 1138, HF 293; οὐ καμῇ τοὐμὸν μέρος wilt not have to complain.., S.Tr. 1215;κ. ἔν τινι E.Hec. 306
, IA 966; of a ship, : c. acc. cogn., οὐκ ἴσον καμὼν ἐμοὶ λύπης not having borne an equal share of grief, S.El. 532.5 in [tense] aor. part., of the dead, i. e. either outworn, or those whose work is done, or those who have met with disaster, , cf.Theoc.17.49;βροτῶν εἴδωλα καμόντων Od.11.476
; εἴδωλα κ. 24.14, Il.23.72, cf. A.Supp. 231, etc.: also in [tense] pf. part. in Trag. and Prose,κεκμηκότες S.Fr. 284
, E.Supp. 756, Th.3.59, Pl.Lg. 718a, 927b, Arist.EN 1101a35; ἱερὰ τῶν κ. E.Tr.96; also in the finite Verb,ὅπη ἄνθρωπος ἔκαμε Berl.Sitzb. 1927.158
([place name] Cyrene).--The [tense] pf. is always intr. (Cf. Skt. śamnīte 'work hard', 'serve zealously', śamitár- 'sacrificing priest', Gr. εἰρο-κόμος, κομέω, κομίζω.) -
8 σπουδή
A haste, speed, σπουδὴν ἔχειν make haste, Hdt. 9.89; σ. ἔσται τῆς ὁδοῦ haste on the journey, Th.7.77;ὅκως ἂν αὐτὸν ὁρῶσι σπουδῆς ἔχοντα Hdt.9.66
; χωρίον.., οἷ σπουδὴν ἔχω whither I am hastening, Ar.Lys. 288;τοῖς μήτε σχολὴν μήτε σπουδὴν διαγινώσκουσιν Thphr.Char.3.6
; σπουδῇ in haste, v. infr. IV;σὺν σπουδῇ ταχύς S.Ph. 1223
; σὺν πάσῃ ς. with all dispatch, POxy.63.5 (ii/iii A.D.);διὰ σπουδῆς E.Ba. 212
, X.HG6.2.28, etc.;ἐκ σπουδῆς Arist.Mir. 837a15
; μετὰ ς. Ev.Marc.6.25, cf. Hdn.6.4.3, etc.;κατὰ σπουδήν Th.1.93
, 2.90, X.An.7.6.28, etc. (but this sense freq. runs into the next).II zeal, pains, trouble, effort,ἄτερ σπουδῆς Od.21.409
; σῆς ὑπὸ ς. A.Th. 585;σπουδῆς οὐκ ἀξία S.OT 778
, cf. Pl.R. 604c, etc.; freq. in dat. σπουδῇ, zealously, v. infr. IV. 3; soσὺν σπουδῇ Id.Lg. 818c
; σὺν πολλῇ ς. X.An.1.8.4; ἐπὶ μεγάλης ς. Pl.Smp. 192c; μετὰ πολλῆς ς. Id.Chrm. 175e; σπουδὴν ποιεῖσθαι exert oneself, take pains, be eager, Th.4.30; c. inf., Hdt.3.4, 7.205;σ. πολλὴν ποιέεσθαι Id.6.107
;πᾶσαν σ. ποιήσασθαι ὅπως.. PHib.1.71.9
(iii B.C.); σ. ποιεῖσθαι περί τινος Pl.Smp. 177c; περί τινα ib. 179d;ἐπί τινι Luc.Salt.1
: c. gen., σπουδήν τινος ποιήσασθαι make much ado about.., Hdt.1.4; σπουδαὶ λόγων κατατεινομένων zeal for the conflicting arguments, E.Hec. 130 (anap.);πρός τι D.S.17.114
;ἀμφὶ Κυράνας θέμεν σ. ἅπασαν Pi.P.4.276
;ὅτου χάριν σ. ἔθου τήνδ' S.Aj.13
; σ. ἔχειν, c. inf., to be eager, Hdt.6.120; c. acc. et inf., Id.7.149;σ. ἔχειν τινός E.Alc. 778
, 1014;περί τινος Pl. Amat. 136c
; ;ὅπως τι γένηται D.H.Comp.22
;σ. γίγνεται περί τι Pl.Phdr. 276e
;σ. ἐστι περὶ πραγμάτων D.8.2
; ; ἡ σ. τῆς ἀπίξιος my zeal in coming, Hdt.5.49, cf. S.Fr. 257; ὅπλων σπουδῇ with great attention to the arms, Th.6.31, cf. Pl.Lg. 855d: pl., ἐπιμέλειαι καὶ σ. πλήθους γεννημάτων eagerness for.., ib. 740d; zealous exertions, E. Ion 1061 (lyr.), Arist.Rh. 1370a12.b in a religious sense, zeal,πρὸς τὴν θεάν Inscr.Magn.85.12
(ii B.C.), cf.Ep.Rom.12.11; ἐνδείκνυσθαι ς. Ep.Hebr.6.11.2 esteem, regard for a person, διὰ τὴν ἐμὴν ς. Antipho 6.41;πάνυ πολλῆς σ. ἄξιος X.Smp.1.6
; good will, good offices,σ. ὑπέρ τινος 2 Ep.Cor.8.16
, cf. PTeb.314.9 (ii A.D.); support in political life, Plu.Crass.7: pl., party feelings or attachments, rivalries,σ. ἰσχυραὶ φίλων περί τινος Hdt.5.5
;κατὰ σπουδάς Ar.Eq. 1370
, Ael.VH3.8; σπουδαὶ ἐρώτων erotic enthusiasms, Pl.Lg. 632a.III earnestness, σ. ἔχειν, ποιεῖσθαι,= σπουδάζειν, E.Ph. 901, Ar.Ra. 522;σπουδῆς μὲν μεστοί, γέλωτος δὲ ἐνδεέστεροι X.Smp.1.13
, cf. 2 Ep.Cor.7.11, etc.: freq. with a Prep., in adv. sense, ἀπὸ σπουδῆς ἀγορεύεις in earnest, seriously, Il.7.359, 12.233; μετὰ σπουδῆς, opp. ἐν παιδιαῖς, X.Smp.1.1; μετά τε παιδιᾶς καὶ μετὰ ς. Pl.Lg. 887d; , cf. Smp. 197e;καὶ χωρὶς σπουδῆς καὶ μετὰ σπουδῆς ἐπαινεῖν Arist.Rh. 1366a29
.IV σπουδῇ as Adv., in haste, hastily,προερέσσαμεν Od.13.279
;ἀνάβαινε 15.209
;στρατιὴν ἄγειν Hdt.9.1
, cf. 89; [dialect] Dor.,σπουδᾷ ἐξελθοῦσα IG42(1).121.21
(Epid., iv B.C.); freq. in [dialect] Att.,σ. πάνυ Th.8.89
, etc.;σπουδῇ ποδός E.Hec. 216
.2 with great exertion and difficulty, and so, hardly, scarcely,σπουδῇ ἕζετο λαός Il.2.99
, cf. 5.893, Od.3.297;σ. παρπεπιθόντες Il.23.37
, Od.24.119.3 earnestly, seriously, urgently, τί με καλεῖς σπουδῇ; E.Ph. 849;σπουδῇ ἀκούειν Pl.R. 388d
;σ. χαριεντίζεσθαι Id.Ap. 24c
; πάνυ ς. attentively, Id.Phd. 98b; πολλῇ ς. very busily, Hdt.1.88, Ar.Th. 791, X.Cyr.4.5.12, etc.;πάσῃ σ. μανθάνειν Pl.Lg. 952a
, etc. -
9 φωνή
φων-ή, ἡ,A sound, tone, prop., the sound of the voice, whether of men or animals with lungs and throat (ἡ φωνὴ ψόφος τίς ἐστιν ἐμψύχου Arist.de An. 420b5
, cf. 29, HA 535a27, PA 664b1); opp. φθόγγος (v.φθόγγος 11
):I mostly of human beings, speech, voice, utterance,φ. ἄρρηκτος Il.2.490
;ἀτειρέα φ. 17.555
; φ. δέ οἱ αἰθέρ' ἵκανεν, of Ajax' battle-cry, 15.686; of the battle- cry of an army,Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν.. φ. δεινὸν ἀϋσάντων 14.400
: pl., of the cries of market-people, X.Cyr.1.2.3;ὁ τόνος τῆς φ. Id.Cyn.6.20
, D.18.280, Aeschin.3.209; ὀξεῖα, βαρυτέρα, λεία, τραχεῖα φ., Pl.Ti. 67b;φ. μαλακή Ar.Nu. 979
(anap.); μιαρά, ἀναιδής, Id.Eq. 218, 638: with Verbs,φωνὴν ῥῆξαι Hdt.1.85
, Ar.Nu. 357 (anap.);φ. ἱέναι Hdt.2.2
, 4.23, Pl.Phdr. 259d, etc.;φ. ἥσει E.HF 1295
;προΐεσθαι Aeschin.2.23
;ἀρθροῦν X.Mem.1.4.12
;διαρθρώσασθαι Pl.Prt. 322a
;ἐντείνασθαι Aeschin.2.157
;φ. ἐπαρεῖ D.19.336
; with his voice, aloud,Il.
3.161, Pi.P.9.29;εἶπε τῇ φωνῇ τὰ ἀπόρρητα Lys.6.51
;διὰ ζώσης φωνῆς Anon.Geog.Epit.1p.488M.
; μιᾷ φ. with one voice, Luc. Nigr.14; ἀπὸ φωνῆς, c. gen., dictated by.., Choerob.in Thd.1.103 tit., Marin. in Euc.Dat.p.234 M., Olymp. in Grg.p.1 N., Pall. in Hp.2.1 D.: pl., αἱ φ. the notes of the voice, Pl.Grg. 474e;σχήμασι καὶ φωναῖς Arist. Rh. 1306a32
: prov., φωνῇ ὁρᾶν, of a blind man, S.OC 138 (anap.); πᾶσαν, τὸ λεγόμενον, φ. ἱέντα, i.e. using every effort, Pl.Lg. 890d, cf. Euthd. 293a;πάσας ἀφιέναι φωνάς Id.R. 475a
, D.18.195;φωνὰς ἀπρεπεῖς προΐεντο PTeb.802.15
(ii B. C.).2 the cry of animals, as of swine, dogs, oxen, Od.10.239, 12.86, 396; of asses, Hdt.4.129; of the nightingale, song, Od.19.521;ἄνθρωπος πολλὰς φωνὰς ἀφίησι, τὰ δὲ ἄλλα μίαν Arist.Pr. 895a4
.3 any articulate sound, opp. inarticulate noise ([etym.] ψόφος), φ. κωκυμάτων S.Ant. 1206
;ὥσπερ φωνῆς οὔσης κατὰ τὸν ἀέρα πολλάκις καὶ λόγου ἐν τῇ φωνῇ Plot.6.4.12
:στοιχεῖόν ἐστι φ. ἀδιαίρετος Arist.Po. 1456b22
; also esp. of vowelsound, opp. to that of consonants, Pl.Tht. 203b, Arist.HA 535a32; in literary criticism, of sound, opp. meaning, Phld.Po.5.20 (pl.), 21.4 of sounds made by inanimate objects, mostly Poet.,κερκίδος φ. S.Fr. 595
; (lyr.);αὐλῶν Mnesim.4.56
(anap.); rare in early Prose,ὀργάνων φωναί Pl.R. 397a
; freq. in LXX,ἡ φ. τῆς σάλπιγγος LXX Ex.20.18
; φ. βροντῆς ib. Ps.103(104).7;ἡ φ. αὐτοῦ ὡς φ. ὑδάτων πολλῶν Apoc.1.15
.5 generally, sound, defined as ἀὴρ πεπληγμένος, πληγὴ ἀέρος, Zeno Stoic.1.21, Chrysipp.ib.2.43.2 language, hdt.4.114, 117;φ. ἀνθρωπηΐη Id.2.55
;ἀγνῶτα φ. βάρβαρον A.Ag. 1051
;φωνὴν ἥσομεν Παρνησίδα Id.Ch. 563
, cf. E.Or. 1397 (lyr.), Th.6.5, 7.57, X.Cyn.2.3, Pl.Ap. 17d, etc.;τῶν βαρβάρων πρὶν μαθεῖν τὴν φ. Id.Tht. 163b
;κατὰ τὴν Ἀττικὴν τὴν παλαιὰν φ. Id.Cra. 398d
, cf. 409e.III phrase, saying,τὴν Σιμωνίδου φ. Id.Prt. 341b
;ἡ τοῦ Σωκράτους φ. Plu.2.106b
, cf. 330f, etc.; of formulae,στοιχειώματα καὶ φ. Epicur.Ep.1p.4U.
, cf. Sent.Vat.41 (= Metrod. Fr.59);αἱ σκεπτικαὶ φ. S.E.P.1.14
, cf. Jul.Or.5.162b, etc.b message, Sammelb.7252.21 (iii/iv A. D.).V loud talk, bragging, Epicur.Sent.Vat. 45. -
10 ὁρμή
ὁρμ-ή, ἡ,A rapid motion forwards, onrush, onset, assault,μόγις δέ μευ ἔκφυγεν ὁρμήν Il.9.355
; ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ χωρίου ἡ ὁ. ἔσται the attack, invasion, Hdt.1.11 ;ἡ ἐπὶ βασιλέα ὁ. X.An.3.1.10
; also of an impulse received from another,ἐμέ τ' εἰσορόων καὶ ἐμὴν ποτιδέγμενος ὁ. Il.10.123
, cf. Od.2.403.2 more freq. of things, πυρὸς ὁ. the rage of fire, Il.11.157 ; ὑπὸ κύματος ὁρμῆς by the shock of a wave, Od.5.320 ;ἔγχεος ὁ. Hes.Sc. 365
; but ἐς ὁρμὴν ἔγχεος ἐλθεῖν within my spear's cast, within reach of my spear, Il.5.118 ; ὁ. γονάτων spring of knee, i.e. power to spring or leap, Pi.N.5.20 ; ποδὸς ὁ. speed of foot, E.El. 112 (lyr.): pl., of the tides, Ptol.Tetr.3.II impulse to do a thing, effort,μίνυνθα δέ οἱ γένεθ' ὁρμή Il.4.466
;μελέη δέ μοι ἔσσεται ὁ. Od.5.416
;φιλότητος.. ἄμβροτος ὁ. Emp.35.13
;πίστιος ὁ. Id.114.3
;ἐπεὶ δὲ δαιμονίη τις γίνεται ὁ. Hdt.7.18
;μαινομένᾳ σὺν ὁρμᾷ S.Ant. 135
(lyr.), cf. Tr. 720 ; τίς προσήγαγε χρεία; τίς ὁ.; Id.Ph. 237; οὕτω καθ' ὁρμὴν δρῶσιν, i. e. with so much zeal, ib. 566 ;εἰ.. ἄγοι αὐτὸν ὁ. θειοτέρα Pl.Phdr. 279a
: joined with ἐπιθυμία, Id.Phlb. 35d, Th.3.36 ; μιᾷ ὁ. with one impulse, X.An.3.2.9 ;ἀπὸ μιᾶς ὁ. Th.7.71
;ὑπὸ μιᾷ τῇ ὁ. Luc.Hist.Conscr. 2
: c. gen. objecti, eager desire of or for a thing, Th.7.43, etc.: so with a Prep.,ἡ ὁρμή, ἣν ὁρμᾷς ἐπὶ τοὺς λόγους Pl.Prm. 135d
, cf. 130b ;ἔχειν ὁρμὴν πρός τι Arist.MM 1185a31
, al. ; ὁ. ἐπέπεσέ τισι, c. inf., Th.4.4 ; ὁ. παραστῆσαί τισι εἴς τι or c. inf., Plb.2.48.5, Plu.Cor.33 ; ὁ. σχεῖν, c. inf., Id.Publ.19.2 in Stoic philosophy, appetition, including reasoned choice and irrational impulse, Stoic.3.40, al.3 Pythag. name for 2, Anatolius ap. Theol.Ar. 8.III setting oneself in motion, start on a march, etc., ἐν ὁρμῇ εἶναι to be on the point of starting, X.An. 2.1.3, cf. Arist.Rh. 1393a3 ; ἐπὶ παντὸς ὁρμῇ.. πράγματος at the start of every undertaking, Pl.Ti. 27c ; ἡ ὁ. [τούτων τῶν ἀνέμων] the point at which these winds start, Arist.Mete. 364b5, cf. Pl.R. 511b (pl.). (Cf. Skt. s´rati 'flow'.) -
11 βιάζω
A constrain, [voice] Act. once in Hom.,ἦ μάλα δή με βιάζετε Od.12.297
;ἐβίασε τὴν γυναῖκά μου Alc.Com.29
: abs., εἰ πάνυ ἐβίαζον if they used force, Hp.Epid.2.24; cf. infr.1.2:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.βιασθήσομαι Paus. 6.5.9
: [tense] aor. ἐβιάσθην, [tense] pf. βεβίασμαι (v. infr.):— to be hard pressed or overpowered,βελέεσσι βιάζεται Il.11.589
; βιάζετο γὰρ βελ. 15.727;βιασθέντες λύᾳ Pi.N.9.14
;νόσῳ Ar.Fr.20
(= Trag.Adesp.70); to be forced or constrained to do, c. inf., Id.Th.890: c. acc. cogn.,βιάζομαι τάδε S.Ant.66
, cf. 1073; ;ἐπεὶ ἐβιάσθη Th.4.44
;ὑπό τινος Id.1.2
; opp. ἀδικεῖσθαι, ib.77;βιασθεὶς ἄκων ἔπραξεν D.6.16
;ἵνα ἢ συγχωρήσωσιν.. ἢ βιασθῶσιν Id.18.175
; ; βεβιασμένοι forcibly made slaves, X.Hier.2.12; πόλεις βεβ. Id.HG5.2.23: ; τὸ βιασθέν those who are forced, Arist.Pol. 1255a11; of things, τοὔνειδος ὀργῇ βιασθέν forced from one by anger, S.OT 524; τὸ βεβιασμένον forced to fit a hypothesis, Arist.Metaph. 1082b2; βεβ. σχήματα forced figures of speech, D.H.Th.33, cf. Porph.Antr. 36.2 [voice] Act., make good, suffice to discharge a debt, PFlor.56.13.II more freq. βιάζομαι, [tense] aor. [voice] Med. ἐβιασάμην, [tense] pf.βεβίασμαι D.19.206
, Men.Sam.63, D.C.46.45:—overpower by force, press hard,ἦ μάλα δή σε βιάζεται ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς Il.22.229
, etc.; β. τοὺς πολεμίους dislodge them, X.An.1.4.5; β. νόμους to do them violence, Th. 8.53; βιασάμενος ταῦτα πάντα having broken through all these restraints, Lys.6.52; β. γυναῖκα force her, Ar.Pl. 1092; opp. πείθειν, Lys.1.32; β. αὑτόν lay violent hands on oneself, Pl.Phd. 61c, 61d; β. τινά, c. inf., force one to do, X.An.1.3.1; τί με βιάζεσθε λέγειν; Arist. Fr.44: with inf. omitted, β. τὰ σφάγια force the victims [ to be favourable], Hdt.9.41;β. ἄστρα Theoc.22.9
: c. dupl. acc.,αὐδῶ πόλιν σε μὴ β. τόδε A.Th. 1047
.2 c. acc. rei, carry by force, βιάσασθαι τὸν ἔκπλουν force an exit, Th.7.72;τὴν ἀπόβασιν Id.4.11
: c. acc. neut., And.4.17, X.HG5.3.12.3 abs., act with violence, use force, A.Pr. 1010, Ag. 1509 (lyr.), S.Aj. 1160, etc.;πρὸς τὸ λαμπρὸν ὁ φθόνος βιάζεται Trag.Adesp.547.12
; opp. δικάζομαι, Th.1.77; β. διὰ φυλάκων force one's way, Id.7.83; β. ἐς τὸ ἔξω, β. εἴσω, ib.69, X.Cyr.3.3.69;δρόμῳ β. Th.1.63
: c. inf.,β. πρὸς τὸν λόφον ἐλθεῖν Id.7.79
; βιαζόμενοι βλάπτειν using every effort to hurt me, Lys.9.16; but βιαζόμενοιμὴ ἀποδιδόναι refusing with violence to repay, X.HG5.3.12: esp. in part., ἵνα βιασάμενοι ἐκπλεύσωσι may sail out by forcing their way, Th.7.67;συνεξέρχονται βιασάμενοι X.An.7.8.11
; ἐπὶ μᾶλλον ἔτι β. (of a famine) grow worse and worse, Hdt.1.94.4 contend or argue vehemently, c. inf., Pl.Sph. 246b; β. τὸ μὴ ὂν ὡς ἔστι κατά τι ib. 241d: abs., persist in assertion, D.21.205. -
12 ὁρμή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `onset, assault, onrush, outset, effort' (Il.).Compounds: As seeming 2. member in ἐφορμή `onset, assault' (χ 130, Th.), ἀφορμή `starting point, resource etc.' (IA.), bakformations from ἐφ-, ἀφ-ορμάω (cf. Chantraine Form. 149).Derivatives: Denomin.: 1. ὁρμαίνω, - ῆναι rarely w. ἐφ-, ὑπερ-, `to (re)consider, to ponder' (Il.; on the meaning against μερμηρίζω a. o. Chr. Voigt Überlegung und Entscheidung. Berlin-Chbg. 1934), `to put in violent motion, to be eager' (A., Pi., B.); here ὁρμανόν ἀνεστηκός, χαλεπόν H. ?; analog. ὁρμάστειρα f. `she who urges on' (Orph. H.) like θερμάστρα a.o. beside θερμαίνω. 2. ὁρμάω -ῆσαι, often w. prefix, esp. ἀφ-, ἐφ-, παρ-, ἐξ-, `to incite, to excite', intr. (also midd.) `to rise quickly, to charge, to set off, to begin' (Il.) with ὁρμήματα pl. `onrush' (Β 356 = 590; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 184f.), ( παρ-)όρμημα n. `onset, incitement' (LXX, Epicur.), ( παρ-, ἐφ-, ἐξ-)όρμησις f. `incitement, onset, assault, eagerness' (X., Plb.); ὁρμ-ητήριον, Dor. - ᾶτήριον n. `(operation) base' (Att., Cret. III--IIa), - ητής m. `he who urges on' (Philostr. Iun.), - ητίας m. `id.' (Eust.), ( ἐφ-, ἀφ-, παρ-, ἐξ-)ορμητικός `offensive, desiring, eager etc.' (Ti. Locr., Arist.); backformation ἄφορμος `setting off, leaving' (S.).Etymology: Since Pott a.o. (s. Curtius 347), prob. correctly, compared with Skt. sárma- m. `flowing, streaming' (only RV 1, 80, 5; IE *sór-mo-: *sor-mā́), from a verb Skt. sí-sar-ti, sár-ati `flow, stream', also `hurry, drive etc.', which is formally excellent (cf. Porzig 283 f.), semantically quite possible. Inside Greek one might also compare ὄρνυμι `arouse' (Sommer Lautst. 133 w. n.1; cf. Chantraine Form. 149 f.); on the asper s. ἅρμα. -- Difficult to judge is ἑρμή ἔξοδος H. with the variant ἐρίμη `id.'; premature comclusions in Specht Ursprung 164 after Fick KZ 43, 132.Page in Frisk: 2,419-420Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὁρμή
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13 ῥώομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to move intensively or with effort, to brisk about, to dance' (Il.).Other forms: almost only in 3. pl. ipf. a. aor. ῥώοντο, ἐρρώοντο, ἐρρώσαντο (ep. Il.), further, also ep., late a. rare ῥώετο (Nic.), ῥώονθ' (= - ται, D. P.), ῥώσονται (Call.), ἐπίρρωσαι (AP).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The evaluation of the above frozen forms depends on whether the imperfect- or the aorist was prior (cf. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 365). In the last case the verb is primary (and to be connected with ῥῶσαι, ἔρρωμαι, ῥώννυμι?), in the first case however a lengthened deverhative, which formally better than semantically agrees with ῥέω (Schwyzer 349 a. 722); cf. the considerations on πλώω -- On ῥωσκομένως s. ῥώννυμι.Page in Frisk: 2,668Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥώομαι
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14 ἐκζητέω
ἐκζητέω fut. ἐκζητήσω; 1 aor. ἐξεζήτησα. Pass.: 1 fut. ἐκζητηθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐξεζητήθην; pf. pass. ptc. ἐξεζητημένα Ps 110, 2. (Ael. Aristid. 38 p. 726 D.; ins, pap, LXX; En 104:7; TestAsh; Just., D. 95, 4).① to exert effort to find out or learn someth., seek out, search for w. acc. of pers. or thing sought (POxy 1465, 11 [I B.C.] τοὺς αἰτίους; LXX; EpArist 24) τὶ (Aelian, NA 15, 1 p. 356, 24; TestAsh 5:4) Hb 12:17; B 21:8. ἐ. τὰ δυνάμενα ἡμᾶς σῴζειν seek out the things that can save us 4:1. τὰ δικαιώματα κυρίου seek out the Lord’s requirements 2:1. κρίσιν search for justice 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:17). τὰ εὐάρεστα 35:5. τόπον 1 Cl 14:5 (Ps 36:36). τὰ πρόσωπα τῶν ἁγίων seek the faces of the saints i.e. associate w. them, attend their meetings D 4:2; B 19:10. τινά: (παρθένους) GJs 10:1. ἐ. τὸν κύριον seek the Lord to serve him (Ps 33:5; 68:33; Dt 4:29 al.) Ac 15:17 (Am 9:12); cp. Ro 3:11 (Ps 13:2; 52:3); Hb 11:6; 1 Cl 13:1.—περί τινος seek for someth. 1 Pt 1:10 (w. ἐξεραυνάω as 1 Macc 9:26 A). Foll. by an indirect question instead of an obj. B 10:4; 21:6. Abs. (BGU 1141, 41 [14 B.C.]; IGR IV, 834, 5) ἐ. ἐπιμελῶς search carefully Hv 3, 3, 5.② to look for someth. with a view to securing it, desire, seek to get (1 Macc 7:12) ἐ. τι ἐκ τ. χειρῶν τινος B 2:5 (Is 1:12).③ to look for someone with a view to some kind of association, seek out, visit τινά: τοὺς πεινῶντας Hv 3, 9, 5.④ to look for in expectation of fixing blame, look for, seek, in the judicial sense charge (to, with) τὸ αἷμα (Gen 9:5; 42:22; 2 Km 4:11; Ezk 3:18; Jo 4:21 v.l.) ἀπό τινος Lk 11:50f; Pol 2:1.—M-M. -
15 κτάομαι
Aκτήσομαι Archil.6.4
, Thgn.200, A.Eu. 289, Th.6.30, Pl.R. 417a, etc. (in pass. sense, Plot.2.9.15, s.v.l.);κεκτήσομαι A.Th. 1022
, E.Ba. 514, Pl.Grg. 467a ( ἐκτήσομαι in La. 192e, and prob. in Emp.110.4): [tense] aor. ἐκτησάμην, [dialect] Ep.κτ-, Od.14.4, Pi.Pae.2.59, etc.: [tense] pf. , etc.,ἔκτημαι Il.9.402
, A.Pr. 795, Hdt.2.44, and sts. in Pl. ( κεκτῄμεθα and ἐκτῆσθαι in following lines, R. 505b, ); [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl.ἐκτέαται Hdt.4.23
; subj.κέκτωμαι Isoc.3.49
, Pl. Lg. 936b; opt. κεκτῄμην, ῇτο, ib. 731c, 742e, codd.: [tense] plpf.ἐκεκτήμην And.1.74
, 4.41, Lys.2.17, etc.; poet. ; [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl.ἔκτηντο Hdt.2.108
; [dialect] Att. [ per.] 1pl. ἐκτήμεθα f.l. in And.3.37: for [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. [voice] Pass., v. infr. 111.I [tense] pres., [tense] impf., [tense] fut., and [tense] aor.,1 procure for oneself, get, acquire, , etc.; [ οἰκῆας] Od.l.c.;γῆν A.Eu.
l.c., cf. Pers. 770; of horses, win (as a prize), Pi.N.9.52; κτήσασθαι βίον ἀπό τινος to get one's living from a thing, Hdt.8.106; win favour, and the like , χάριν ἀπό τινος, ἔκ τινος, S.Tr. 471, Ph. 1370;παρά τινος X. Smp.4.43
;τὴν εὔνοιαν τὴν παρὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων Isoc.5.68
; κ. φίλους, ἑταίρους, S.Aj. 1360, E.Or. 804 (troch.); , cf. S.OT 1499, Hdt.8.105; , cf. Supp. 225;πολλάκις δοκεῖ τὸ φυλάξαι τἀγαθὰ τοῦ κτήσασθαι χαλεπώτερον εἶναι D.1.23
.b of consequences, bring upon oneself,αὑτῷ θάνατον S.Aj. 968
; incur, θεᾶς ὀργήν ib. 777; ; ;ἔχθραν πρός τινα Th.1.42
; δυσσέβειαν κ. get a name for impiety, S.Ant. 924;κακὸν λόγον πρὸς ἀστῶν E.Heracl. 166
, cf. IT 676;ἐκ τῶν πόνων τὰς ἀρετὰς κ. Th.1.123
.c κ. τινὰς πολεμίους make them so, X.An.5.5.17; .2 procure or get for another,ἐμοὶ δ' ἐκτήσατο κεῖνος Od.20
. 265;μέγαν τέκνοις πλοῦτον ἐκτήσω A.Pers. 755
(troch.), cf. X. Oec.15.1.II in [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf. with [tense] fut. κεκτήσομαι, to have acquired, i.e. possess, hold (opp. χρῆσθαι, Pl.Euthd. 28od),οὐδ' ὅσα φασὶν Ἴλιον ἐκτῆσθαι Il.9.402
, cf. X. Cyr.8.3.46, Pl.Phdr. 260b;ὅπλα μὴ ἐκτῆσθαι Hdt.1.155
, cf. S.Ph. 778;στρατὸν πλεῖστον ἐκτημένοι Hdt.7.161
;κοινὸν ὄμμ' ἐκτημέναι A.Pr. 795
; φωνὴν βάρβαρον κεκτ. Id.Ag. 1051;κεκτ. τινὰ σύμμαχον E.Ba. 1343
;κ. κάλλος X.Smp.1.8
; ;τέχνην Lys.24.6
; ποίησιν to be master of it, Pl.Lg. 829c: dub. in [tense] aor., ἀγορὰς κτησάμενοι having market-places, Hdt.1.153 (leg. στησάμενοι): with impers. subject, πραγμάτων ἀγῶνας κεκτημένων involving effort, Epicur.Sent.21:—the diff.between [tense] pres. and [tense] pf. appears from X.Mem.1.6.3, ἃ [χρήματα] καὶ κτωμένους εὐφραίνει καὶ κεκτημένους.. ποιεῖ ζῆν: later, [tense] pres. in [tense] pf. sense, Ev.Luc.18.12.c have in store, opp. ἔχω, have in hand, ready for use,ἔχων τε καὶ κεκτημένος.. κακά S.Ant. 1278
; . cf. Tht. 197b, 198d, Cra. 393b; κ. ἱμάτιον own, opp. ἔχειν (wear), Id.Tht. 197b.d abs., to be a property-owner,τῶν ἐκτημένων ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ SIG633.73
(Milet., ii B.C.), cf. 888.15 (iii A.D.).2 ὁ κεκτημένος owner, master (esp. of slaves), as Subst., Ar.Pl.4, etc.;οἱ κ. A.Supp. 337
; of a husband, E.IA 715; ἡ κεκτημένη my mistress, S. Fr. 762, Ar.Ec. 1126, Men.Pk.61, al., cf. Phryn.Com.48.III [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Pass. ἐκτήθην in pass. sense, to be gotten,ἃ ἐκτήθη Th.1.123
, 2.36; to be obtained as property, (lyr.), cf. D.H.10.27, etc.: [tense] fut.κτηθήσομαι LXX Je.39
(32).43. ([voice] Act. κτάω very late, PLond.1.77 (vi A.D.).)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κτάομαι
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16 συνεξαίρω
A assist in raising,τὴν θάλατταν Str.3.5.7
; raise together,εἰς ὄγκον τοὺς μῦς Gal.6.296
:—[voice] Pass., to be raised together, τῷ διαφράγματι ib.173; to be swollen at the same time, Id.18(2).268; συνεξαρθεὶς ὑπό τινων being lifted up by the joint effort of.., Plu.Ant. 12.2 metaph., σ. τὴν ἠχώ help in calling forth the echo, Philostr. Im.1.18;σ. θρῆνον Hld.7.15
;σ. τὴν φιλοτιμίαν Plu.2.819f
; help to excite, Luc.Dom.4; συνεξαρθεὶς τοῖς λόγοις excited with the rest by.., D.S.17.72.II intr., rise together, of the sea, Str.1.3.5; go out along with, τινι Id.16.2.35; of colonists, Plb.12.5.8.III remove as well, in dissection, Gal.2.699.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συνεξαίρω
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17 κατέχω
κατέχω impf. κατεῖχον; fut. καθέξω LXX, 3 pl. κατασχήσουσι (JosAs 16 [p. 64, 18 Bat. and cod. A]); 2 aor. κατέσχον. Pass.: fut. 2 pl. κατασχεθήσεσθε Ruth 1:13; aor. 3 sg. κατεσχέθη LXX (s. ἔχω; Hom.+). Trans. in all mngs. below, except 7.① to prevent the doing of someth. or cause to be ineffective, prevent, hinder, restrainⓐ to hold someone back from going away hold back, hinder, prevent from going away (Hom. et al.; BGU 1205, 27 [28 B.C.]; 37, 6 [50 A.D.]; PFay 109, 11; Gen 24:56; cp. Jos., Ant. 7, 76; Just., A I, 45, 1) Hs 9, 11, 6. ὸ̔ν ἐβουλόμην πρὸς ἐμαυτὸν κ. whom I wished to keep with me Phlm 13. Foll. by gen. of the inf. w. article (B-D-F §400, 4) οἱ ὄχλοι κατεῖχον αὐτὸν τοῦ μὴ πορεύεσθαι ἀπʼ αὐτῶν Lk 4:42.ⓑ hold down, suppress τὶ someth. (γέλωτα X., Cyr. 2, 2, 1; Chariton 3, 7, 4 τ. λύπην; WCrum, Coptic Ostraca p. 4, 522=Dssm., LO 260 [LAE 306]=PGM II 233, no. O 1, 1–3 Κρόνος, ὁ κατέχων τὸν θυμὸν ὅλων τ. ἀνθρώπων, κάτεχε τ. θυμὸν Ὡρι; cp. II, 7, 935f, p 41; Jos., Vi. 233 τ. ὀργήν) τ. ἀλήθειαν ἐν ἀδικίᾳ stifle the truth by unrighteousness/ wickedness Ro 1:18 (cp. JFitzmyer, Ro [AB], ’93, 278; but s. 6 below).ⓒ to prevent someone from exercising power, restrain, check (Thu. 6, 29, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 149 §622 τοῦ δαίμονος κατέχοντος τὸ πέλαγος=divine power held the sea back until Alexander reached the other shore; PGiss 70, 3 [II A.D.] ἡ ἀναγραφὴ κατέσχεν ἡμᾶς μέχρι ὥρας ἕκτης) ἵνα μὴ κατέξω τ̣ὰ [προς]|τεταγμένα καὶ ἐπεικίμ̣[εν]α so that I might not delay (carrying out) the instructions and orders AcPl Ha 7, 14f. τὸ κατέχον (Themistocl., Ep. 13, 4) 2 Th 2:6 and ὁ κατέχων vs. 7 mean that which restrains and one who restrains, i.e. what prevents God’s adversary fr. coming out in open opposition to God, for the time being. In an effort to define κ. more specifically here, many interpreters have followed the exegesis of the ancient church (Tertullian) and taken τὸ κ. to be the Roman Empire and ὁ κ. the Emperor (OBetz, NTS 9, ’63, 276–91). An alternative view, as old as Theodore of Mops., but without sustained acceptance, would make τὸ κ. the preaching of Christian missionaries and ὁ κ. the apostle Paul (so OCullmann, Dodd Festschr. ’56, 409–21). These and other attempts to limit more precisely the mng. of these terms in 2 Th invite skepticism because of insufficient textual data (vs. 5 appears to imply in-house information). The concept of the temporary restraining of the forces of hell (cp. Rtzst., Poim. 27 late Egyptian prayer 6, 4 Horus as κατέχων δράκοντα=PGM 4, 994f; cp. 2770 Μιχαὴλ … κατέχων, ὸ̔ν καλέουσι δράκοντα μέγαν) does not appear to play any role here.—WBousset, D. Antichrist 1895; NFreese, StKr 93, 1921, 73–77; VHartl, ZKT 45, 1921, 455–75; WSchröder, D. 2. Thess. 1929, 8–15; DBuzy, RSR 24, ’34, 402–31; OCullmann, RThAM 1, ’38, 26–61; JSchmid, TQ 129, ’49, 323–43; OBetz, NTS 9, ’63, 276–91. Difft. CGiblin, Threat to Faith ’67, 167–242, a hostile power. S. also JTownsend, SBLSP 19, ’80, 233–46; RAus, JBL 96, ’77, 537–53; New Docs 3, 28.ⓓ to hold back with design hold back τὶ someth. κ. ἐν μυστηρίῳ τὴν σοφὴν αὐτοῦ βουλήν hold back his wise plan as a secret Dg 8:10.② to adhere firmly to traditions, convictions, or beliefs, hold to, hold fast (cp. the lit. sense λαμπάδας ἐν ταῖς χερσίν ParJer 3:2)ⓐ keep in one’s memory (Theophr., Char. 26, 2, a word of Homer) εἰ κατέχετε if you hold it fast 1 Cor 15:2.ⓑ hold fast, retain faithfully (X., Symp. 8, 26 τ. φιλίαν; TestJud 26:1 τ. ὁδούς) τὸν λόγον Lk 8:15. τὰς παραδόσεις guard the traditions 1 Cor 11:2. τὸ καλόν hold fast what is good 1 Th 5:21; Agr 11. τὴν παρρησίαν βεβαίαν κ. keep the confidence firm Hb 3:6; cp. vs. 14. κ. τὴν ὁμολογίαν ἀκλινῆ 10:23.③ to keep in one’s possession, possess (Ps.-Aristot., Mirabilia 159; 160; Polyb. 1, 2, 3; IMagnMai 105, 51 [II B.C.] ἵνα ἔχωσιν κατέχωσίν τε καρπίζωνταί τε; Ezk 33:24; Da 7:18, 22; Ath. 8:3) τὶ someth. Mt 21:38 v.l.; ὡς μηδὲν ἔχοντες καὶ πάντα κατέχοντες 2 Cor 6:10 (DMealand [ZNW 67, ’76, 277–79] cites Ps.-Crates Ep. 7 Hercher=p. 58 no. 7, 8 Malherbe: ἔχοντες μηδὲν πάντʼ ἔχομεν, ὑμεῖς δὲ πάντʼ ἔχοντες οὐδὲν ἔχετε). Abs. 1 Cor 7:30.④ to keep within limits in a confining manner, confineⓐ in prison keep, confine (PFlor 61, 60; BGU 372 I, 16; Gen 39:20; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 21) pass. Χριστιανοὶ κατέχονται ὡς ἐν φρουρᾷ τῷ κόσμῳ they are confined in the world as in a prison Dg 6:7.ⓑ by law: ἀποθανόντες ἐν ᾧ κατειχόμεθα having died to that by which we were bound Ro 7:6 (cp. PAmh 97, 17 οὐ κατασχεθήσομαι τῇ ὑποσχέσει; PRyl 117, 13).ⓒ by disease (Diod S 4, 14, 5; Philo, Op. M. 71, Congr. Erud. Grat. 138; PSI 299, 3 κατεσχέθην νόσῳ; act., Jer 13:21; Jos., Vi. 48) Lk 4:38 D; J 5:4 v.l.⑤ to have a place as one’s own, take into one’s possession, occupy (Hdt. 5, 72 et al.; PAmh 30, 26 [II B.C.] τὴν οἰκίαν) τὸν ἔσχατον τόπον Lk 14:9 (cp. Philosoph. Max. 491, 69 τὸν κάλλιστον κατέχουσι τόπον; Jos., Ant. 8, 104). Cp. GPt 5:15.—AcPl Ha 5, 28 [κατ]ε̣ῖ̣χεν αὐτὰς ἔκστασις perh. means astonishment overcame them.⑥ lay claim to, legal t.t. Ro 1:18 (the point is that a claim is made for truth, which is denied in practice, cp. vss. 22f; s. FDanker, in Gingrich Festschr. 93. For a difft. interpr. see 1b above).⑦ hold course, nautical t.t., intr. (Hdt. 7, 188 κατέσχε ἐς τὸν αἰγιαλόν; Dicaearchus, Fgm. 85 W. εἰς Δῆλον κατέσχε; Polyb. 1, 25, 7; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 4, 13 p. 133, 5; 5, 18 p. 178, 13; cp. Jos., Ant. 1, 204) κατεῖχον εἰς τὸν αἰγιαλόν they headed for the beach Ac 27:40.⑧ Perh. in the sense of determine (cp. προσέχω 2c) κατεχόντων εἰ ἄρα ἀληθῶς ἀπέθανεν AcPt Ox 849, 2f; s. ed.’s notes.—M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. -
18 ἐγείρω
ἐγείρω fut. ἐγερῶ; 1 aor. ἤγειρα. Pass.: pres. ἐγείρομαι, impv. 2 sg. ἐγείρου, pl. ἐγείρεσθε; 1 fut. ἐγερθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἠγέρθην; pf. ἐγήγερμαι (B-D-F §101 and 78; Rob. 1215) (Hom.+).① to cause someone to wake from sleep, wake, rouse Mt 8:25; Mk 4:38; Ac 12:7.② to cease sleeping, wake up, awaken fr. sleep, pass. intr. (PStras 100, 15 [II B.C.] ἐγερθεὶς ἐκάλουν βοηθούς) ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕπνου Mt 1:24 (cp. διεγείρω). Abs. 25:7; Mk 4:27; J 11:12 P75. Fig., ἐξ ὕπνου ἐγερθῆναι awaken fr. sleep (i.e. thoughtless indolence) Ro 13:11 (cp. Epict. 2, 20, 15 ἐ. ἐκ τῶν ὕπνων, fr. the sleep of carelessness); cp. AcPl Ha 4, 32.③ to cause to stand up from a position lower than that of the pers. rendering assistance, raise, help to rise, pers. sitting down Ac 3:7 (ἵνα σταθῶ). Lying down Mk 1:31; 9:27. Stretched out Ac 10:26 (En 14:25). Fallen Mt 12:11; 1 Cl 59:4; Hv 3, 2, 4.④ to move to a standing position, rise, get up, pass. intr. of those who have awakened Mt 2:13f, 20f; 8:26; Lk 11:8; who were sitting down (EpArist 94) Mt 9:19; Lk 13:25; J 11:29; Hv 1, 4, 1; AcPl Ox 6; kneeling Hv 2, 1, 3; of the sick Mt 8:15; 9:6f; Mk 2:12; of those called back to life (cp. 4 Km 4:31) Mt 9:25; Lk 7:14. ἐκ τοῦ δείπνου rise from the table J 13:4; of one who has fallen Mt 17:7; Ac 9:8 (on ἀπὸ τ. γῆς cp. 2 Km 12:17; Ps 112:7).⑤ to cause to come into existence, raise up, bring into being (Judg 2:16, 18 ἤγειρε αὐτοῖς κύριος κριτάς; 3:9, 15 σωτῆρα; Pr 10:12; TestLevi 18:2 ἱερέα; Jos., Ant. 8, 199) κέρας σωτηρίας a horn of salvation Lk 1:69; τέκνα τινί Mt 3:9; Lk 3:8. ἤγειρεν τὸν Δαυὶδ αὐτοῖς εἰς βασιλέα he gave them David as (their) king Ac 13:22 (cp. Jos., Ant. 19, 295). W. double acc. and dat. of advantage vs. 23 v.l.; τὶ someth. (Theognis 549 πόλεμον ἐ.; Appian, Hann. 41 §177 θόρυβον; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 50 Jac. μάχην; Tat. 19, 3 στάσεις καὶ μάχας) cause θλῖψιν Phil 1:17 (Lucian, Syr. Dea 18 πένθος τινι).⑥ to cause to return to life, raise up (the ancients closely associated death with sleep; s., e.g., Kaibel 559, 7f; RLattimore, Themes in Greek and Latin Epitaphs ’62, 164f al.) (Apollodor. [II B.C.]: 244 Fgm. 138a Jac., of Asclepius. Similarly schol. on Lucian p. 55, 23 Rabe; Sir 48:5 ὁ ἐγείρας νεκρὸν ἐκ θανάτου; PGM 4, 195) Mt 10:8; J 5:21; Ac 26:8; 2 Cor 1:9; AcPt Ox 849 verso, 10; AcPl Ha 8, 35=BMM verso 9. Of the raising of Jesus Ac 5:30; 10:40; 13:37; 1 Cor 6:14; 15:15ff; 2 Cor 4:14. More fully ἐ. τινὰ ἐκ νεκρῶν (mostly of Jesus’ resurr.) J 12:1, 9, 17; Ac 3:15; 4:10; 13:30; Ro 4:24; 8:11; 10:9; Gal 1:1; Eph 1:20; Col 2:12; 1 Th 1:10; Hb 11:19; 1 Pt 1:21; IMg 9:3; Pol 2:1f; AcPlCor 2:6. ἀπὸ νεκρῶν ITr 9:2. Of the raising of Christ’s flesh ISm 7:1.⑦ to enter into or to be in a state of life as a result of being raised, be raised, rise, pass. intr., of one who has died (Is 26:19; TestJob 4:9; cp. 4 Km 4:31) approaches ἀναστῆναι in mng. (cp. mss. and synopt. parallels; s. ἀνίστημι 7) gen. νεκροὶ ἐγείρονται Mk 12:26; Lk 7:22; 20:37; 1 Cor 15:15f, 29, 32, 35, 52. Of Lazarus ἐγερθήσεται J 11:12 v.l. σώματα … ἠγέρθησαν Mt 27:52; ἐγείρεται σῶμα πνευμάτικον 1 Cor 15:44; cp. 15:42f; τὸ σῶμα ἐγείρεται AcPlCor 2:27; cp. 2:26 (in imagery after 1 Cor 15:37). ἐάν τις ἀπὸ νεκρῶν ἐγερθῇ Lk 16:30 v.l.; ἐάν τις ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγερθῇ 16:31 P75.—Of John the Baptist ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν Mt 14:2; cp. ἐκ νεκρῶν Mk 6:14; Lk 9:7.—Of Christ: ἐκ νεκρῶν Mt 17:9; J 2:22; 21:14; Ro 6:4, 9; 7:4; 1 Cor 15:12, 20 (cp. Just., D. 108, 2 ἐγηγέρθαι); 2 Ti 2:8. Also ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν Mt 27:64; 28:7; ἀπὸ νεκρῶν ITr 9:2. Without this qualification τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐγερθῆναι Mt 16:21; 17:23. καθῶς εἶπεν 28:6; ὄντως εἶπεν Mt 26:32; 26:34. διὰ τὴν δικαίωσιν ἡμῶν Ro 4:25; ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν (τῶν ζώντων) 2 Cor 5:15. Abs. Mt 26:32; Mk 14:28; 16:6; Lk 24:6, 14 (v.l. ἐκ νεκρῶν); Ro 8:34 (v.l. ἐκ ν.); 1 Cor 15:13f, 16f; AcPlCor 2:31.—For lit. s. on ἀνάστασις 2 end.⑧ to raise up from sickness, raise up=restore to health (the sick pers. is ordinarily recumbent) Js 5:15; AcPl BMM verso 11 (Did., Gen. 168, 17).⑨ to change to a previous good state or condition, restore, erect of buildings (Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 18; Aelian, NA 11, 10; Herodian 3, 15, 3; 8, 2, 5; Lucian, Alex. 19; Anth. Pal. 9, 696; OGI 677, 3; 1 Esdr 5:43; Sir 49:13; ἐ. τρόπαιον Hippol., Ref. 1, 24, 6; θυσιαστήριον Did., Gen. 223, 19) temple (ναόν: Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 26 §120; Lucian, Sacr. 11; Jos., Ant. 15, 391; 20, 228) J 2:19f.⑩ to move someth. from its position by exerting effort in overcoming resistance, lift up ἔγειρον τ. λίθον lift up the stone, push the stone aside (Seleucus of Alex. [I A.D.]: 341 Fgm. 4 Jac. in buffoonery at a symposium, of a stone pushed out from under a participant who has put his head in a noose and has been given a small scimitar to cut the rope before it strangles him) (Ox 1 recto, 6 [=GTh 77]); LWright, JBL 65, ’46, 182; Unknown Sayings 95–98; AWalls, VigChr 16, ’62, 71–76.— Raise κονιορτόν (Polyaenus 4, 19; 7, 44, 1) Hv 4, 1, 5 (Jos. Bell. 5, 471 speaks in the pass. of the dust that ‘is raised’). Cp. Mt 12:11.⑪ to move against in hostility, rise up, pass. intr., of nations rising in arms (Jer 6:22 v.l.) ἐ. ἐπί τινα against someone one nation against another Mt 24:7; Mk 13:8; Lk 21:10 (for ἐπί τινα cp. Appian, Liby. 68 §307; Jer 27:9; Jos., Ant. 8, 199).⑫ to make an appearance, appear, pass. intr. of prophets Mt 11:11; Lk 7:16; J 7:52; of false prophets Mt 24:11, 24; Mk 13:22. Of accusers in court (w. ἐν τῇ κρίσει; s. ἀνίστημι 9) Mt 12:42; Lk 11:31 (on omission of ἐν τῇ κρίσει in ms. D, see MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 134).⑬ in a command to evoke movement from a fixed position ἔγειρε, ἐγείρου get up!, come! impv.ⓐ act. intr. only in impv. (Eur., Iph. A. 624; Aristoph., Ran. 340; Aesop-mss. [Ursing 80]) Mt 9:5f; Mk 2:9 (v.l. ἐγείρου), 11; 3:3; 5:41; 10:49; Lk 5:23f; 6:8; 8:54 (v.l. ἐγείρου); J 5:8; Ac 3:6 ἔγειρε καὶ περιπάτει; Rv 11:1; AcPl Ha 7, 28. Awakening of the ‘dead’ (with καθεύδειν and ἐγείρειν associated in figurative use, as in Plut., Mor. 462) in Mk 5:41; Lk 8:54 (v.l. ἐγείρου); Eph 5:14 (MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc., but without Gnostic motif acc. to KKuhn, NTS 7, ’60/61, 341–46; cp. PsSol 16:1–4) parallels the aspect of motion in passages cited in 1, 3–10, and others here in a above.ⓑ pass. intr. ἐγείρου get up! Mk 2:9 v.l.; Lk 8:54 v.l.; ἐγείρεσθε, ἄγωμεν get up! let us be going Mt 26:46; Mk 14:42; J 14:31.—B. 271; 670. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
19 ἐργάζομαι
ἐργάζομαι impf. ἠργαζόμην (εἰργ-edd., Ac 18:3); fut. 2 sg. ἐργᾷ; 3 sg.; ἐργᾶται and 3 pl. ἐργῶνται (all LXX); 1 aor. εἰργασάμην ( 2J 8; other edd. ἠρ.); pf. 3 sg. εἴργασται LXX; ptc. εἰργασμένος (for augment s. Mayser 332; Meisterhans3-Schw. 171; B-D-F §67, 3; Moulton, ClR 15, 1901, p. 35f; Mlt-H. 189f); pass. fut. 3 sg. ἐργασθήσεται Ezk 36:34; En 10:18 (s. ἔργον and next entry; Hom.+).① to engage in activity that involves effort, work, intr. work, be active (Hes., Hdt. et al.) D 12:3. ταῖς χερσίν work w. one’s hands 1 Cor 4:12 (ἐ. ἰδίαις χερσίν as Biogr. p. 253; on depreciation of manual labor cp. Jos., Ant. 17, 333); 1 Th 4:11 (s. ἴδιος 3a). Also διὰ τῶν χειρῶν B 19:10. νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας work night and day 1 Th 2:9; 2 Th 3:8. ἐν τῷ ἀμπελῶνι in the vineyard Mt 21:28. Abs. Lk 13:14; J 9:4b; Ac 18:3; 1 Cor 9:6; 2 Th 3:10, 12. τῷ ἐργαζομένῳ to the worker Ro 4:4; cp. vs. 5 (ἐργαζόμενοι καλοί, OdeSol 11:20) and Lk 6:5 D (Unknown Sayings 49–54). Of God and Christ: work, be busy J 5:17 (cp. Maximus Tyr. 15, 6ef: Heracles must work without ceasing, since Zeus his father does the same).—Of financial enterprise: a sum of money (five talents) ἐ. ἐν αὐτοῖς do business/ trade with them (Demosth. 36, 44 ἐ. ἐν ἐμπορίῳ καὶ χρήμασιν) Mt 25:16.—MBalme, Attitudes to Work and Leisure in Ancient Greece: Greece and Rome 2d ser. 31, ’84, 140–52.② to do or accomplish someth. through work, trans.ⓐ do, accomplish, carry out w. acc. (Ael. Aristid. 42, 13 K.=6 p. 69 D.: ταῦτα ἐργαζομένου σου τοῦ κυρίου [Asclepius]) ἔργον (X., An. 6, 3, 17 κάλλιστον ἔργον ἐ.; Pla., Polit. 1, 346d; Appian, Celt. 18 §2, Bell. Civ. 2, 58 §238 al.; Arrian, Anab. 7, 17, 3; PPetr II, 9 [2], 4 [III B.C.]; Sir 51:30; TestSol D 4:8 τὸ ἔ. ὑμῶν; Just. D. 88, 8 τεκτονικὰ ἔργα) Ac 13:41 (Hab 1:5); 1 Cl 33:8. τὰ ἔργα τοῦ θεοῦ do the work of God (cp. Num 8:11) J 6:28; 9:4. τὸ ἔργον κυρίου the Lord’s work 1 Cor 16:10. ἐ. τι εἴς τινα do someth. to someone (Ps.-Demosth. 53, 18): ἔργον καλὸν εἴς τινα do a fine thing to someone Mt 26:10; cp. B 21:2; 3J 5. Also ἔν τινι Mk 14:6. In a different sense ἔργα ἐν θεῷ εἰργασμένα deeds performed in God J 3:21. ἐ. τὸ ἀγαθόν do what is good (cp. Dio Chrys. 16 [33], 15; GrBar 11:9; and Jos., Ant. 6, 208 ἀγαθά) Ro 2:10; Eph 4:28; Hm 2:4. Opp. ἐ. πονηρόν (Lucian, Catapl. 24) m 10, 2, 3. ἐ. ἀγαθὸν πρὸς πάντας do good to all people Gal 6:10. κακὸν ἐ. (Dio Chrys. 13 [7], 33; Palaeph. 1 and 3; Just., D. 95, 1 κακά; Ath. 11, 2 ἀεί τι ἐ. … κακόν): κακὸν τῷ πλησίον ἐ. do wrong to one’s neighbor Ro 13:10 (cp. Pr 3:30; EpArist 273). Gener. someth. Col 3:23; 2J 8; μηδὲν ἐ. do no work 2 Th 3:11. οὐδὲν τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ do nothing for righteousness Hs 5, 1, 4 (Ps.-Aristot., Mirabilia 142 οὐδὲν ἐργ.=accomplish nothing).—Also used with attributes, etc. (in Isocr. w. ἀρετήν, σωφροσύνην; Philo, Gig. 26 τελειότητα) δικαιοσύνην (Ps 14:2) do what is right Ac 10:35; Hb 11:33; Hv 2, 2, 7; m 5, 1, 1; Hs 9, 13, 7. ἐ. δικαιοσύνην θεοῦ do what is right in God’s sight Js 1:20 (but s. c below; v.l. κατεργάζεσθαι, q.v.). τὴν ἀνομίαν (Ps 5:6; 6:9 al.) Mt 7:23. ἁμαρτίαν commit sin Js 2:9 (Jos., Ant. 6, 124 τὸ ἁμάρτημα). Of the effect: τί ἐργάζῃ; what work are you doing? J 6:30 (cp. Philo, Leg. All. 3, 83; Tat. 25, 1 τί μέγα … ἐ. φιλόσοφοι;).ⓑ practice, perform, officiate at (τέχνην, etc., X., Pla. et al.) τὰ ἱερά the temple rites 1 Cor 9:13 (cp. Num 8:11).ⓒ bring about, give rise to as proceeds from work (s. next entry 4; Soph., Ant. 326; Epict., Fgm. Stob. 14 πενία λύπην ἐργάζεται; Just., A I, 45, 6 ὅπερ … κόλασιν διὰ πυρὸς αἰωνίαν ἐργάζεται). μετάνοιαν 2 Cor 7:10. ἐ. δικαιοσύνην θεοῦ bring about the righteousness that will stand before God (but s. a above) Js 1:20. θάνατον ἑαυτοῖς ἐ. bring death on themselves Hs 8, 8, 5 (Just., D. 124, 4).ⓓ work (on) (τὴν γῆν Gen 2:5; En 10:18; ApcMos 24) τὴν θάλασσαν work on the sea for a livelihood (Aristot., Probl. 38, 2, 966b, 26; Dionys. Hal. 3, 46; Appian, Liby. 2 §5; 84 §397; Lucian, Electr. 5) Rv 18:17 (s. CLindhagen, ΕΡΓΑΖΕΣΘΑΙ, ’50: Uppsala Univ. Årsskrift ’50, 5, 5–26).ⓔ work for/earn food (Hes., Op. 43 βίον ἐ.; Hdt. 1, 24 χρήματα; cp. Pla., Hipp. Mai. 282d, Laches 183a; X., Mem. 2, 8, 2; Theod. Pr 21:6. Also βρῶμα: Palaeph. p. 28, 10) ἐ. τὴν βρῶσιν J 6:27: in this context βρῶσις appears to be the free gift of the Human One (Son of Man).—As in the similar case of the Samaritan woman (cp. J 6:35 w. 4:14) hearers are simply prepared for the statement that they are to accept what is freely given. But ἐργάζεσθαι can also mean, when used w. food, prepare for use, digest, assimilate sc. τὴν τροφήν (Aristot., De Vita et Morte 4; Maximus Tyr. 15, 5a [ἐργ. τὴν τροφήν of the activity of the jaws]; more often ἐργασία τ. τροφῆς). The compound κατεργάζεσθαι is more common in this sense, but it is avoided in this passage for the sake of wordplay w. ἐργάζεσθαι in vs. 28.—DELG s.v. ἔργον. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
20 ἔμφυτος
ἔμφυτος, ον (ἐμφύω ‘to implant’; since Pre-Socr., Trag., Hdt.; ins, pap; Wsd 12:10; Ps.-Phoc. 128; Philo; Jos., Bell. 1, 88, Ant. 16, 232; Just. Ath., R. 63, 19 al.; ABurger, Les mots de la famille de φύω en grec ancien 1925) in gener. lit. mostly in the sense ‘implanted by natural process, inborn’ (Hdt. 9, 94, 3 ἔμφυτον αὐτίκα μαντικὴν εἶχε) in our lit. only in fig. extension of mng., with ref. to subsequent implantation but with connotation of quality (in contrast to someth. that is developed, e.g., through personal effort Pla., Eryxias 398c; cp. Pind., N. 3, 40f) implanted λόγος ἔ. the word of the gospel implanted in you Js 1:21 (as someth. implanted the word is permanently established in the individual and like inborn assets functions in an exceptional manner; s. WKnox, JTS 46, ’45, 14f). ἡ ἔ. δωρεὰ τῆς διδαχῆς αὐτοῦ the implanted gift of his teaching B 9:9. οὕτως ἔ. τῆς δωρεᾶς πνευματικῆς χάριν εἰλήφατε so implanted have you received the benefit of the spiritual gift 1:2 (i.e. God’s beneficence is productive, as attested by the illustrious spiritual character of the recipients, vs. 2a; οὗ τό v.l.: whose implanted blessing, the favor of the spiritual gift, you have received; s. Windisch, Hdb. ad loc.).—DELG s.v. φύομαι. M-M. TW.
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