-
1 πένομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to exert oneself, to toil, to work, to prepare, to provide' (Il.), `to exert onself, to (have to) do hard labour, to be poor, to lack smth.' (Sol., trag., Pl.).Other forms: only pres. a. ipf.Derivatives: 1. πενία, ion. - ίη f. `poverty, lack' (ξ 157; Scheller Oxytonierung 23 a. 39); 2. πενιχρ-ός `poor, devoid of smth.' (γ 348; cf. zu μελιχρός s. μέλι) with - ότης f. (S. E.). - αλέος `id.' (AP). 3. πένης, - ητος m. (f. πένησσα πτωχή H.) `who has to live from the labour of his hands, needy, poor' in opposition both to πλούσιος and to πτωχός = `begging, destitute' (IA.) with πενέσ-τερος, - τατος (X., D.); after ἀσθενέσ-τερος a.o.; not with Schwyzer 535 from *πενετ-τερος); from it πενητ-εύω `to be poor' (Emp.), - υλίδας m. "son of poverty" (Cerc.), from a hypocor. *Πενητ-ύλος (as Φειδ-ύλος, Πενθ-ύλος a.o.). -- 4. πόνος m. `(hard) labour, effort, struggle, sorrow, pain, fruit of the labour' (Il.; on the meaning Trümpy Fachausdrücke 148 ff.); also as 2. member, e.g. παυσί-πονος `ending pain' (E., Ar. in lyr.); but ματαιο-πόνος a.o. to πονέομαι, s. v. From it πον-ηρός `toilsome, useless, bad, evil' (IA.) with - ηρία, - ηρεύομαι, - ήρευμα; πονόεις `id.' (Man.). -- 5. Iterative deverbative πονέομαι, also w. ἀμφι-, δια- a.o. (Il., mostly in the older language), πονέω, also w. δια-, ἐκ-, κατα- a.o. (posthom.) `to exert oneself, to provide, to suffer', trans. `to cause pain'. As 2. member a.o. in ματαιο-πονέω `to labour in vain' (Democr.) with - πονία (Str.), - πόνημα (Iamb.), - πόνος (Plu., Gal.). From it πόν-ημα ( δια-) n. `labour, work' (Pl., E. u.a.), - ησις ( δια-, κατα-) f. `labour, effort' (Plu., D. L.); as backformation e.g. διάπον-ος `working hard, weary' (Plu.) from δια-πονέω. 6. Beside it πονάω only in ἐπονάθη (Pi.) and ἐπόνασαν (Theoc.); s. Schwyzer 719 w. n. 1.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Not certainly explained. The primary present πένομαι, which was pushed back and replaced by its own iterative πονέομαι, - έω and by its synonyms, e.g. κάμνω, δέω, is in the epos used esp. of domestic labour (cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 15). The meaning `want, lack, be poor' (from where πενία and πενιχρός already since Od.) developed from there like Lat. laborare `exert oneself', also `be in need, be pressed' (unargumented doubt in WP. 2, 661). Unclear is however the earlier history of the meaning. Possible is, that πένομαι orig. indicated a certain kind of domesic labour and from there was generalized. One may compare in that case expressions for `stretch, twist, weave' in Lith. pìnti `twist', OCS pęti `stretch', Arm. hanum and henum `weave', further OHG etc. spin. As the basic meaning of this verb seems to have been `unharness', one may also from there through `harness oneself' come to `exert oneself' (cf. Arm. y-enum `stem or stut smthing with hands or shoulders'?). Thus (after Schleicher, Benfey, Fick; s. Curtius 271f.) Pedersen KZ 39, 414 and Persson Beitr. 1, 411 ff.; further combinations in WP. 2, 660ff., Pok. 988, W.-Hofmann s. pendeō. As however the semantic development can be interpreted in diff. ways, this etymology, though quite possible, cannot be proven. A loan is hard to envisage. -- On the meaning of πένητες and πλούσιοι and synonyms and of πενία and πλοῦτος s. J. Hemelrijk Πενία en Πλοῦτος. Diss. Utrecht 1925. Cf. πεῖνα und σπάνις.Page in Frisk: 2,504-506Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πένομαι
См. также в других словарях:
опона — завеса , церк., укр. опона полог , др. русск., ст. слав. опона καταπέτασμα (Супр.), сербохорв. о̀пона перепонка, кожица , словен. оро̑nа занавес, завеса , чеш., польск. ороnа – то же. Связано чередованием гласных с пну, пять, понява, путо; см.… … Этимологический словарь русского языка Макса Фасмера
пну — пять натягивать , обычно инф. пнуть, укр. п᾽ясти, пну натягивать , блр. пяць, пну давить , др. русск. пяти, пьну, ст. слав. пѩти, пьнѫ натягивать , болг. пъна натягиваю , сербохорв. пети, пе̏ње̑м, словен. peti, pnèm, чеш. piti, pnouti, pnu, слвц … Этимологический словарь русского языка Макса Фасмера
πένομαι — ΝΑ (μόνον στον ενεστ. και στον παρατ.) είμαι πένητας, ενδεής, φτωχός, στερούμαι τα αναγκαία μέσα για άνετη διαβίωση, ζω στερημένα αρχ. 1. (αμτβ.) μοχθώ, κοπιάζω 2. εργάζομαι για να εξοικονομήσω τους απαραίτητους πόρους ζωής 3. έχω έλλειψη άρα και … Dictionary of Greek
spannen — Vsw (früher Vst.) std. (9. Jh.), mhd. spannen, ahd. spannan, as. spannan Stammwort. Aus g. * spann a Vst. spannen , auch in ae. spannan; anord. nur in Ableitungen wie spo̧nn Spanne . Außergermanisch vergleicht sich lit. spęsti spannen, Fallen… … Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen sprache
spin — O.E. spinnan draw out and twist fibers into thread, from P.Gmc. *spenwanan (Cf. O.N., O.Fris. spinna, Dan. spinde, Du. spinnen, O.H.G. spinnan, Ger. spinnen, Goth. spinnan), from PIE * (s)pen stretch (Cf. Armenian henum I weave, Gk … Etymology dictionary
(s)pen-1(d-) — (s)pen 1(d ) English meaning: to pull; to spin Deutsche Übersetzung: “ziehen, spannen” and ‘spinnen”, indem die to webenden Fäden zuerst ausgespannt wurden Note: (s)pen : spē(i) “ziehen” = pen “feed”: pü “Vieh weiden, feed” =… … Proto-Indo-European etymological dictionary
