-
1 πένομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to exert oneself, to toil, to work, to prepare, to provide' (Il.), `to exert onself, to (have to) do hard labour, to be poor, to lack smth.' (Sol., trag., Pl.).Other forms: only pres. a. ipf.Derivatives: 1. πενία, ion. - ίη f. `poverty, lack' (ξ 157; Scheller Oxytonierung 23 a. 39); 2. πενιχρ-ός `poor, devoid of smth.' (γ 348; cf. zu μελιχρός s. μέλι) with - ότης f. (S. E.). - αλέος `id.' (AP). 3. πένης, - ητος m. (f. πένησσα πτωχή H.) `who has to live from the labour of his hands, needy, poor' in opposition both to πλούσιος and to πτωχός = `begging, destitute' (IA.) with πενέσ-τερος, - τατος (X., D.); after ἀσθενέσ-τερος a.o.; not with Schwyzer 535 from *πενετ-τερος); from it πενητ-εύω `to be poor' (Emp.), - υλίδας m. "son of poverty" (Cerc.), from a hypocor. *Πενητ-ύλος (as Φειδ-ύλος, Πενθ-ύλος a.o.). -- 4. πόνος m. `(hard) labour, effort, struggle, sorrow, pain, fruit of the labour' (Il.; on the meaning Trümpy Fachausdrücke 148 ff.); also as 2. member, e.g. παυσί-πονος `ending pain' (E., Ar. in lyr.); but ματαιο-πόνος a.o. to πονέομαι, s. v. From it πον-ηρός `toilsome, useless, bad, evil' (IA.) with - ηρία, - ηρεύομαι, - ήρευμα; πονόεις `id.' (Man.). -- 5. Iterative deverbative πονέομαι, also w. ἀμφι-, δια- a.o. (Il., mostly in the older language), πονέω, also w. δια-, ἐκ-, κατα- a.o. (posthom.) `to exert oneself, to provide, to suffer', trans. `to cause pain'. As 2. member a.o. in ματαιο-πονέω `to labour in vain' (Democr.) with - πονία (Str.), - πόνημα (Iamb.), - πόνος (Plu., Gal.). From it πόν-ημα ( δια-) n. `labour, work' (Pl., E. u.a.), - ησις ( δια-, κατα-) f. `labour, effort' (Plu., D. L.); as backformation e.g. διάπον-ος `working hard, weary' (Plu.) from δια-πονέω. 6. Beside it πονάω only in ἐπονάθη (Pi.) and ἐπόνασαν (Theoc.); s. Schwyzer 719 w. n. 1.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Not certainly explained. The primary present πένομαι, which was pushed back and replaced by its own iterative πονέομαι, - έω and by its synonyms, e.g. κάμνω, δέω, is in the epos used esp. of domestic labour (cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 15). The meaning `want, lack, be poor' (from where πενία and πενιχρός already since Od.) developed from there like Lat. laborare `exert oneself', also `be in need, be pressed' (unargumented doubt in WP. 2, 661). Unclear is however the earlier history of the meaning. Possible is, that πένομαι orig. indicated a certain kind of domesic labour and from there was generalized. One may compare in that case expressions for `stretch, twist, weave' in Lith. pìnti `twist', OCS pęti `stretch', Arm. hanum and henum `weave', further OHG etc. spin. As the basic meaning of this verb seems to have been `unharness', one may also from there through `harness oneself' come to `exert oneself' (cf. Arm. y-enum `stem or stut smthing with hands or shoulders'?). Thus (after Schleicher, Benfey, Fick; s. Curtius 271f.) Pedersen KZ 39, 414 and Persson Beitr. 1, 411 ff.; further combinations in WP. 2, 660ff., Pok. 988, W.-Hofmann s. pendeō. As however the semantic development can be interpreted in diff. ways, this etymology, though quite possible, cannot be proven. A loan is hard to envisage. -- On the meaning of πένητες and πλούσιοι and synonyms and of πενία and πλοῦτος s. J. Hemelrijk Πενία en Πλοῦτος. Diss. Utrecht 1925. Cf. πεῖνα und σπάνις.Page in Frisk: 2,504-506Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πένομαι
См. также в других словарях:
List of Latin words with English derivatives — This is a list of Latin words with derivatives in English (and other modern languages). Ancient orthography did not distinguish between i and j or between u and v. Many modern works distinguish u from v but not i from j. In this article both… … Wikipedia
soubpenduë — Soubpenduë, Semble plus raisonnable d escrire souspenduë, car il n est pas composé de Sub et Pendeo, ains de Sus, id est, sursum. et pendeo. Car une souspenduë est en haut. Souspenduë de maisons, Proiecta. Un bois traversant une ruë, comme une… … Thresor de la langue françoyse
Понтифекс — (Pontifes, ίεροδιδάσχαλος, ίερόνομος, ίεροφύλαξ, ίεροφάντης) Понтифексы (или понтифики) составляли в древнем Риме коллегию sacerdotes publici populi Romani, имевшую высший надзор за отечественным культом. Происхождение коллегии относится к… … Энциклопедический словарь Ф.А. Брокгауза и И.А. Ефрона
Ecclesiastical Pension — Ecclesiastical Pension † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Ecclesiastical Pension The right to a certain sum of money to be paid yearly out of the revenues of a church or benefice to a cleric, on account of just reasons approved by an… … Catholic encyclopedia
PONS — an ex pendeo, quod velut in aere pendeat; an ex pontus, an ex pono, quia ad transeundum ponitur? proprie et communiter flumina iungit; atque e ligno, lapide, navibus, cadaveribus quoque nonnumquam, factus legitur. Eum sternendi facilis olim apud… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
πέντολο — το εκκρεμές. [ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. < ιταλ. pendolo «εκκρεμές» < λατ. pendulus < λατ. pendeo «κρέμομαι»] … Dictionary of Greek
παντατίφ — το κόσμημα που κρεμιέται από τον λαιμό, συν. με λεπτή αλυσίδα. [ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. < γαλλ. pendentif < λατ. pendens, μτχ. τού pendeo «κρέμομαι»] … Dictionary of Greek
ԿԱԽԵՄ — (եցի.) NBH 1 1034 Chronological Sequence: Unknown date, Early classical, 5c, 6c, 10c, 11c, 12c, 13c, 14c ն. ԿԱԽԵՄ ԿԱԽԻՄ, կամ ԿԱԽԵԱԼ ԿԱՄ. ձ.չ. κρεμάω, ἑκκρεμάω, ομαι , κρεμαννύω, υμι suspendo, pendeo, dependeo եւն. Կապեալ թողուլ կամ մնալ ʼի բարձր… … հայերեն բառարան (Armenian dictionary)
curtipendula — L. curtus, short; pendeo, hang down; ulus, indicating tendency. With spikelets shortly twisted to one side of their slender axis … Etymological dictionary of grasses
pendulina — , pendulinum, pendulinus L. pendeo, hang down; ula, tending towards; ina, indicating resemblance. Panicle branches drooping … Etymological dictionary of grasses
superpendens — L. super, above; pendeo, hang. Spikelets pendulous in upper part of spikelet … Etymological dictionary of grasses