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21 ἧμαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `sit'.Other forms: 3. sg. ἧσται, 3. pl. εἵαται (for ἥαται), ἕαται, ipf. ἥμην (Il.); IA. has κάθ-ημαι ( κάτ-), κάθηται, 3. pl. κάθηνται, κατ-έαται, ipf. ( ἐ-)καθήμηνCompounds: With prefix ἔφ-, rarely ἄφ-, ἔν-, μέθ-, ὕφ-ημαι (Il., Od.). Very often to κάθημαι, because this was seen as simplex, e. g. ἐγ-, ἐπι-, προ-, συγ-κάθημαι (IA).Etymology: Old verb for `to sit', also in Indo-Iranian and Hittite (and relared languages): Skt. ā́ste, Av. āste = ἧσται (IE * h₁eh₁s-tai), Skt. ā́sate = ἥαται (IE *ēs-n̥tai; Av. ā̊ŋhǝnte thematic reshaping); with other inflexion Hitt. 3. sg. eša(-ri), 3. pl. ešanta(-ri), Luw. aš-, Hier.-Luw. as-. The spiritus comes from ἕζομαι, ἵζω (diff. Lohmann Gnomon 16, 63; s. also Schwyzer 680 n. 1). On the delimitation of IE ēs- against sed- cf. Porzig Gliederung 91.Page in Frisk: 1,633-634Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἧμαι
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22 ἤρανος
Grammatical information: m.Derivatives: ἠρανέων βοηθῶν, χαριζόμενος H.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Earlier found as ἐπι-ήρανος `powerful, ruling, protecting' (Emp., Pl. Com., AP). On the suffix cf. on κοίρανος. Fick 2, 270 compares Skt. vāraka- `who wards off, opponent' (or rather vāraṇá- `averting, strong' [RV.]), Welsh gwawr `hero' (IE *u̯ōr-?); so to ἔρυμαι. With ἐπι-ήρανος cf. ἐπι-βουκόλος; is ἤρανος an archaising simplex? - Connection with ἦρα, ἐπίηρος seems semantically impossible.Page in Frisk: 1,642-643Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἤρανος
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23 -θελυμνος
- θελυμνοςGrammatical information: adj.Meaning: in προ-θέλυμνος, τετρα-θέλυμνος; προ-θέλυμνος adjunct of δένδρεα (Ι 541), of χαῖται (Κ 15), of σάκος (Ν 130); posthom. of diff. objects ( δρῦς, καρήατα); - τετρα-θέλυμνος adjunct of σάκος (Ο 479 = χ 122); cf. τριθέλυμνος = τρίπτυχος Eust. 849, 5.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: A the simplex is unknown, Sturz read it in Emp. 21,6 for tradit. θελημ(ν)ά (Diels a. o. θελεμνά). With προ-θέλυμνος cf. πρό-ρριζος `of which the root is gone, uprooted', Lat. prŏ-fundus `of which the bottom is gone (removed), deep', Skt. pra-parṇa- `whose leaves have fallen off, stripped of the leaves'. As the sec. member of προ-θέλυμνος, which can be reconstructed as well as *θέλυμα as as *θελυμνον (- ος), is interpreted as `basis', προ-θέλυμνος would mean `whose basis (bottom) is gone, removed (from its fundament)', what might fit for all occurrences except Ν 130 (after it Nonn. D. 22, 183; 2, 374). Improbable Wackernagel Unt.. 237ff. (criticism of older views) who wans to see in it a variant of τετρα-θέλυμνος `with four layers', with προ- as the Aeolic parallel of τρα- from *πτϜρα- (cf. τρά-πεζα) (impossible as the word is non-IE). - The glosses of H ἀθέλιμνοι κακοί; ἀθέλημον ἄκουσμα κακόν are unclear; id. for θέλεμνον ὅλον ἐκ ῥιζῶν (Latte in Mayrhofer KEWA. 2, 94A.). As the place in Empedokles is unclear, we can only use the compp. Connection with Sanskrit dharúṇam n. in Mayrhofer is also impossible (as the word is Pre-Greek). - Krahe Die Antike 15, 181 thinks the word is Pre-Greek, which is without a doubt correct (suff. (- υμνος).Page in Frisk: 1,659-660Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > -θελυμνος
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24 θεμέρη
Grammatical information: adj.Compounds: As 1. member in θεμερῶπις adjunct of Άρμονίη (Emp. 122, 2), of αἰδώς (A. Pr. 134 [lyr.]); θεμερόφρονας συνετούς, σώφρονας H.Etymology: As simplex only θεμέρᾳ ὀπί (v. l. Pi. N. 7, 83), θεμε[ρώτε]ρα (IG 14, 1018, 3, IVp; correctly completed?). Beside θέμερος ( θεμερός ?) `solid, firm' sands *θέμιστος in Θεμιστο-κλῆς (cf. Άριστο-κλῆς) as κράτιστος beside κρατερός (s. Frisk Eranos 48, 6). The basis is nominal θεμ- in θεμούς, θέμεθλα, θεμέλια, s. vv. - Whether because of the explanation σεμνός `honourable, serious' a second θέμερος must be posited, seems doubtful. Acc. to Fick 1, 464; 3, 201 it belongs in this meaning to OHG timber `dark'. - One keeps some doubts about this IE etymology.Page in Frisk: 1,660Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θεμέρη
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25 -κναίω
- κναίωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `scrape, scratch', only with prefix, δια-, ἀπο-, ἐκ-, κατα-κναίω (Hp., Trag. in lyr., Att.);Other forms: also as simplex, Att. inf. κνῆ-ν, κνῆ-σθαι, 1. a. 3. sg. pres. κνῶ, κνῃ̃, ipf. ἐπὶ... κνῆ (Λ 639), also κνᾶ-ν (Hdt.), κνᾶ-σθαι, κνᾳ̃ (hell.); further κνήθω, also with κατα-, ἐν-, ἐπι- a. o. (Arist., hell.). Non-pres. forms: 1. - κναῖσαι, - κναισθῆναι, - κναίσω, - κεκναισμένος (Ar., E. in lyr., Pl.,Theoc.); more usual (as simpl. a. comp.) 2. κνῆσαι, Dor. opt. midd. (Theoc.) κνάσαιο, κνησθῆναι, κνήσω, κέκνησμαι (IA.).Derivatives: Action nouns: 1. κνῆσις `scratching, tickling' (Pl.) with κνησιάω `desire to tickle' (Ar., Pl.), also κνηστιάω `id.' (Gal., Jul.; after the verbs in - τιάω) and κνηθιάω `id.' (Hdn., EM; after κνήθω, cf. Schwyzer 732). 2. κνῆσμα (rarely κνῆμα) `id.' (Hp., X.); 3. κνησμονή `id.' (medic.; πῆμα: πημονή etc.); 4. κνησμός `id.' (Hp., Arist.) with κνησμώδης `affected with itching' (Hp., Arist., Str.). 5. κνηθμός `itching' (Nic.). - Agent nouns and instruments: 6. κνῆστις f. (from *κνήστης m.) `knife for scratching, cheese-grater' (Λ 640, Nic., Opp.), also `spine' (κ 161; cf. ἄκνηστις s.v.); diff. on κνῆστις z. B. Fraenkel Glotta 4, 41ff., Benveniste Noms d'agent 77; 7. κνηστήρ `scratching knife' (Nic.). 8. κνηστίς -ίδος f. `hollow hair-pin' (Plu.). 9. κνῆστρον `stinging plant, Daphne oleoides, θυμελαία' (Hp., Dsc.); κνηστρίον `scraper', ( Edict. Diocl.). - Adj. 10. κνηστικός `scratching, itching' (Sch.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Of the presents κναίειν, κνῆν, κνήθειν the last can be an innovation to κνῆ-σαι etc. after πλῆ-σαι: πλή-θ-ω, λῆ-σαι: λήθ-ω a. o. The pair κνῆν: κναίειν agrees with the semantically close ψῆν: ψαίειν. - One compares several words with initial IE. * k(e)n- but with different forms, which is not surprising in view of the emotional value of expressions for `scratch, grate'. With κνῆ-ν (prob. orig. athematic; Schwyzer 675f., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 297 a. 307) from IE. * knē- agree best in Baltic and Germanic Lith. kn(i)ó-tis `peek (oneself) off, get loose', OHG nuoen `make smooth by scratching, fit exactly' (with OHG hnuo `joint, groove' etc.) from IE. * knō-? (cf. κνώ-δ-αλον?), perh. * knā- as in Alb. krromë `scab, mange' form IE. *knā-mn̥ (Gr. κνῆμα is independent). Lat. cnāsonas however, acc. pl. `scratching nails' (Paul. Fest. 52) from hell. *κνά̄σων `scratcher' ( κνᾶσαι ὀλέσαι, λυπῆσαι H.); cf. Leumann Sprache 1, 207. - The - αι- in κναίω however has no direct counterpart (Lith. knaisýti is secondary to knìsti `scratch', s. κνίζω). Connecting κνῆ-ν and κναί-ειν to an old paradigma (* knē[i]-mi: knǝi-mé (Schwyzer 676; cf. Specht Ursprung 325; the last form is impossible since the laryngeal theory) is quite hypothetical. - Cf. κνίζω, κνύω, κνάπτω; κνώδαλον, κνήφη, κνέωρος and κόνις; s. Pok. 559ff., Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. knablỹs. - Strangely enough it has not been proposed that the words could well be Pre-Greek; the meaning makes this quite possible; the connections in Pok. 599 are far from convincing. Cf. also κναδάλλεται κνήθεται H., with which compare γνάφαλλον, γνόφαλον, which are clearly Pre-Greek (s.s.v. κνάπτω); is κναδ- a variant of κνηθ-? For κναδ- no PIE prefrom can be reconstructed (cf. on γνάθος). Note that Kuiper assumed that words with kn- in Germanic were prob. substrate, NOWELE 25 (1995) 68 a.70. The formation of κνήσων (and the Latin loan cnāsōn- cited above) seems non-IE; cf. DELG s.v. Also the formation of a verb in - αίω is unknown.Page in Frisk: 1,880-881Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > -κναίω
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26 κτείνω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: Att. also κτείνυμι, - ύω, Aeol. κτέννω (Hdn.), fut. κτενῶ, ep. also - έω, κτανέω, aor. κτεῖναι, Aeol. κτένναι (Alc.), and κτανεῖν, ep. also κτάμεν(αι) and midd. -pass. κτάσθαι, pass. 3. pl. ἔκταθεν (ep.), hell. κταν(θ)ῆναι, perf. ἀπ-, κατ-έκτονα (Hdt., Att.), hell. also ἀπ-εκτόνηκα, - έκτα(γ)κα, pass. - εκτάνθαι Il.Compounds: As 2. member - κτόνος, e.g. πατρο-κτόνος `who kills his father' (trag.) with - κτονέω, - ία; rarely passive: νεό-κτονος `recently killed' (Pi.); simplex κτόνος (Zonar.) prob. from the compp.; also - κτασία, e.g. ἀνδρο-κτασία, usu. pl. - ίαι f. `murther of men' (Il.), as if from *ἀνδρό-κτα-τος, cf. below and Schwyzer 469.Etymology: The present κτείνυμι (incorrect - εινν- and - ινν-) with sec. full grade after ἔκτεινα ( δείκνυμι: ἔδειξα a. o.) stands for zero grade *κτά-νυ-μι, which agrees exactly to Skt. kṣa-ṇó-mi `injure' ( κτείνω `kill' therefore euphemistical; Chantraine Sprache 1, 143). Other agreements with Indian (and Iranian) are the aorist ἔ-κτα-το (Il.) = Skt. a-kṣa-ta (gramm.) and the ptc. *-κτα-τος (in ἀνδρο-κτασίαι a.o.; s. above) = Skt. á-kṣa-ta-, OP. a-xša-ta- `uninjured'. The Greek system seems further to be based on an athematic root aorist: 1. sg. *ἔ-κτεν-α, 3. sg. - ἔ-κτεν (cf. Gortyn. conj. κατα-σκένε̄ [with σκ for κτ, Schwyzer 326]), 1. pl. ἔ-κτᾰ-μεν, 3. pl. ἔ-κτᾰν; to this the present -κτέν-ι̯ω \> κτείνω, the aorist ἔκτᾰν-ον, ἔκτεινα. Further details in Schwyzer 697 u. 740, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 380f. a. 449f. - Cf. καίνω. - The root was prob. * tken-, Hardarsson, Stud. Wurzelaor. 186. - Against connection with Skt. akṣata Strunk, Nasalpräs. u. Aoriste 99 n. 265.Page in Frisk: 2,33Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κτείνω
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27 κτίζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `found, lay out, build, create' (Emp.).Other forms: aor. κτίσ(σ)αι (Il.), pass. κτισθῆναι (IA.), fut. κτίσω (A.), perf. midd. ἔκτισμαι (Hdt.), act. ἔκτικα (hell.; on the reduplication Schwyzer 649).Derivatives: κτίσις f. `foundation, creation' (Pi., IA.; cf. below), κτιστύς f. `foundation' (Hdt. 9, 97; on the meaning Benveniste Noms d'agent 72), κτίσμα `foundation, colony, building' (hell.), κτισμός `foundation' (Asia Minor., Empire); - κτίστωρ `founder' (Pi., E.), κτιστήρ `id.' (Corinth, IVa), f. κτίστρια (Asia Minor, Empire), κτίστης `founder, builder' (Arist.) with κτίστιον (- εῖον) `temple of a founder' (pap. IVp), older συγκτίστης `co-founder' (Hdt. 5, 46) ; κτιστός `laid out, founded' (h. Ap. 299, pap.; Zumbach Neuerungen 26); n. κτιστόν `building' (pap.). - Further several formations, with the intransitive meaning `live, abide' and thus outside the system: ἐυ κτίμενος `where you can live well' (Hom.); περι-κτί-ονες pl. `those living around, neighbours' (Il.), ἀμφι-κτί-ονες `id.' (Pi.), also as PN (Att. inscr. Va), besides - κτύονες (Hdt., inscr. IVa) with unclear υ (cf. Hoffmann Dial. 3, 290); περι-κτί-ται pl. `id.' (λ 288), after it as simplex κτί-ται `id.' (E. Or. 1621), κτίτης = κτίστης (Delph. IIa); ἐΰ-κτι-τος = ἐυ κτίμενος (Β 592), ὀρεί-κτι-τος `living in the mountains' (Pi.); but e.g. θεό-κτι-τος `founded by the gods' (Sol.); details in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 44; there (and 1, 179 f.) also on κτίστωρ. - On itself stands with diff. ablaut Rhod. κτοίνα (also πτοίνα with unexplained πτ-) name of an admin. region in Rhodos (Myc. koto(i)na) with κτοινᾶται, - έται (s. Fraenkel 1,207; 2, 126).Etymology: With περι-κτί-ται agrees but for the lengthening ā-stem Skt. pari-kṣí-t-'living round about', with ( ἐΰ)-κτιτος Av. ( ana)- šita- `uninhabited'. Besides stands the athemat. root-present Skt. kṣé-ti, pl. kṣi-y-ánti (= Myc. ki-ti-je-si [trans.]) - Av. šaēiti, šyeinti `live'. An agreeing athematic ptc. is κτί-μενος. The transitive-causative meaning `make as living, found', which is a Greek innovation, started from the aorist κτίσ(σ)αι, which arose beside an intransitive root-aorist (still preserved in κτί-μενος), like ἔ-στη-σα to ἔ-στη-ν (s. ἵστημι). To κτίσ(σ)αι arose κτίζω, and to these the other forms (Schwyzer 674 a. 716, Wackernagel Unt. 77). κτί-σις too has an exact parallel in Skt. kṣi-tí-, Av. ši-ti- `living (place)', but the deviant meaning makes it as innovation to κτίζω suspect (cf. Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 95 n. 5). With κτοίνα agrees, except for the i-stem, Arm. šēn, gen. šini `inhabited (place)'. - Cf. Bq and Pok. 626. As with κτείνω we now assume * tkei-. Cf. κτίλος.Page in Frisk: 2,34-35Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κτίζω
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28 κυνέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `prostrating kiss the bottom, revere prostrating', also `throw kiss-hands' (Marti Lang. 12, 272ff..),Other forms: Aor. κύσ(σ)αι (Hom.), fut. κυνήσομαι (E.), κύσσω (Babr.), mostly poet. (prose uses φιλέω); προσ-κυνέω, aor. προσ-κυνῆσαι (IA.), - κύσαι (S., Ar.), fut. - κυνήσω (Hippon., Pl.), - κεκύνηκα (LXX.)Derivatives: with προσκύνη-σις (Pl., Arist.), - μα (hell.) `prostratio, reverence', - τής `adorer' (orient. inscr., NT), - τήρ `footstool for prayer' ( Mon. Ant.); from the simplex only κυνη-τίνδα ( παίζειν Crates Com.).Etymology: To the aorist κύ(σ)-σαι the present κυ-νέ-(σ)-ω (for athem. *κυ-νέ-σ-μι?) seems to have been shaped with nasal infix (Schwyzer 692). Good agreement shows Hitt. kuu̯aš-zi, - anzi `kiss'; thus the Germ. word for `kiss', e.g. OHG kus, kussen, which as sound word escaped the Lautverschiebung. (Elementary cognate is Skt. cumbati. Mayrhofer KEWA s. v., Pok. 626, Feist Vgl. Wb. d. got. Spr. 315; s. also Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 668ff.Page in Frisk: 2,49-50Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κυνέω
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29 λανθάνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `keep somebody unaware, escape notice, be unknown, unnoted; make somebody forget something', midd. `forget, ' (details on the use of the forms in Schwyzer 699 a. 748).Other forms: λήθω ( ληθάνω η 221), aor. λαθεῖν, λελαθεῖν, - έσθαι ( ἐπι-λῆσαι υ 85), fut. λήσω (Il.), perf. λέληθα (IA.), midd. λέλασμαι (Hom.), λέλησμαι (Att.), late aor. λήσασθαι, λησθῆναι, Dor. Aeol. λά̄θω, λά̄σω, λᾶσαι, λέλᾱθα.Compounds: also with prefix. esp. ἐπι-.Derivatives: A. from λαθεῖν. - έσθαι: 1. λάθρη, -ᾱ adv. `secretly' (Il.; λάθρᾰ h. Cer. 240) with λαθραῖος `secret' (IA.). λάθριος (S. Ichn. 66 [lyr.], hell.), - ίδιος, - ιμαῖος (late) `id.'; adv. λαθρᾰ́-δᾱν (Corinn.; like κρυφᾰ́-δᾱν), λαθρη-δόν, - δά, - δίς (late); as 1. member λαθρο-, e.g. λαθρό-νυμφος `secretly married' (Lyc.), for the older variant λᾰθι-, e. g. λαθι-κηδής (X 83), prop. "at which the sorrows remain hidden" but also with the verb directly associated: `making sorrows forgotten' (s. Schwyzer 447, Bechtel Lex. s. v.); cf. λᾱθι- s. C. - 2. λαθητικός `who avoids notice' (Arist.; λάθησις sch. Gen. A 36) ; 3. λάθος n. `forgetfulness' (NGr. for *λῆθος, λᾶθος s. B.). - B. From λήθειν: 1. λήθη, Dor. λάθα `forgetfulness' (Β 33; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 233) with ληθαῖος `making forgotten, forgetful' (Call., Lyc.), also ληθήμων, ληθώδης, λήθιος (H.). 2. λᾶθος n. = λήθη (Theoc.); λαθοσύνα f. `id.' (E. IT 1279, uncertain, cf. Wyss - συνη 42). 3. ληθεδών, - όνος f. `id.' (AP, APl.) with ληθεδανός = ληθαῖος (Luc.); Chantraine Form. 361 f. 4. ἔκ-λη-σις (ω 485), ἐπί-λᾱ-σις (Pi. P. 1, 46) `forgetting', from ἐκ-, ἐπι-λήθειν; besides from the simplex the typologically older λῆσ-τις `id.' (S., E.); Schwyzer 504, Chantraine 276, Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 36 f., Porzig Satzinhalte 196. -- 5. λήσ-μων `forgeting, forgetful' (Them.) with λησμοσύνη (Hes. Th. 55; after μνημοσύνη; also S. Ant. 151); ἐπιλήσ-μων `id.' (Att.) with ἐπιλησμον-ή, - μοσύνη (Crat., LXX), ἐπιλησμον-έω, λησμον-έω (M.- a. NGr.); details in Georgacas Glotta 36, 167f. (not always correct). - C. As 1.member in verbal governing compp.: 1. λησί-μβροτος `taking men unawares, deceiver' (h. Merc.; Zumbach Neuerungen 24); 2. λᾱθί-πονος `forgetting (making forgotten) sorrows' (S.; cross with λᾰθι-; Schwyzer 444); 3. λᾱθ-άνεμος `escaping the wind' (Simon.).Etymology: On ἀληθής, λήθαργος s. vv.; cf. also ἄλαστος. As basis of the Greek system serves the present λήθω, λά̄θω; beside this stands from the beginning the thematic zero grade aorist λᾰθεῖν and λελᾰθεῖν, - έσθαι with the perf. midd. λέλασμαι and isolated nominal derivv., esp. the couple λάθ-ρᾱ: λαθ-ι- (Schwyzer 447 f.); also the nasalpresent λα-ν-θ-άνω (beside λήθω which is in Hom. better attested) is perhaps an innovation (after μαθεῖν: μανθάνω?; Kuiper Nasalpräs. 156). -As in πύθω (: πύος), βρίθω (: βριαρός) also in λήθω the - θ- can be isolated as an added (present) element; a dentalless form seems indeed found in λῃ̃το ἐπελάθετο (beside λήιτο ἐπε\<λά\> θετο) H. (on - ι- s. below). Thus connection with the synonymous Lat. lă-t-eō `be hidden' becomes probable (cf. for the formation the opposite păt-eō; s. also on δατέομαι). - Other combinations are because of the meaning either very uncertain or wrong: Toch. A lä(n)t-, B lät-, lant- `go out' (Pedersen Tocharisch 173), Slav.: OCS lajati ' ἐνεδρεύειν', Tchech. lákati `persecute' (hard to separate from identical verbs meaning ' ὑλακτεῖν' resp. `desire'; Germ. nouns as OWNo. lōmr `treason, deceit', OHG luog `hole, lair'. - For an original long diphthong lāi- are both λαίθαργος (which is Pre-Greek, s. v.) and λῃ̃το unreliable evidence; can λῃ̃το be from *l̥h₂-to? - On Λητώ s. v. - Further forms in Pok. 651, W.-Hofmann s. lateō.Page in Frisk: 2,80-82Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λανθάνω
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30 λαχαίνω
λαχαίνω, λάχανονGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `dig' (since ω 242).Other forms: aor. λαχῆναι.Derivatives: λάχανον, gew. pl. -α, n. `garden-herbs, vegetables' (IA.); often as 1. member, e.g. λαχανο-πώλης `greengrocer' (Critias, pap.). Several derivv.: 1. diminut. λαχάνιον (D. L., pap.), - ίδιον (H.). 2. λαχανική, - όν `taxes on vegetables' ( Inscr. Magn., Sammelb.), λαχανάριον herbarium (Gloss.). 3. λαχαν-ᾶς (Hdn. Gr.), - εύς (Procl.) `greengrocer'. 4. λαχαν-ώδης (Arist., Thphr.), - ηρός (Thphr.), - ιος (Jul., Ostr.) `belonging to vegetables'. 5. λαχανεύω `plant, cultivate, harvest vegetables' (pap., Str., App.) with λαχανεία `cultivation etc. of vegetables' (LXX, pap., J.), also λαχαν-ιά `gardenbed' (H., sch., also pap.?; doubted by Scheller Oxytonierung 68 f.); λαχάνευ-μα `cultivation of vegetables' (Procl.), - τής `greengrocer' (pap.). 6. λαχανίζομαι, -ω `harvest vegetables, to be at grass (of horses)' (EM, Hippiatr.) with - ισμός (Th., pap., Hippiatr.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Quite doubtfull λαχή in A. Th. 914 (lyr.) τάφων πατρῴων λαχαί ('the digging' sch.); rather λάχαι to λαγχάνω, s. v. The semantic difficulty to connect λαχαίνω and λάχανον with each other (cf. Schwyzer 725), may perhaps be colved with Debrunner IF 21, 43 (after Fraenkel Denom. 8) in this way, that the only late appearing denominative simplex λαχαίνω is a backformation from the compp., especially ἀμφι-λαχαίνω (ω 242). - Further unclear. In this interpretation disappears the any way doubtfull connection (after Fick 2, 238) with some Celtic words for `spade' v. t., MIr. lāige m. `spade', lāigen f. `lance', s. O'Rahilly Ériu 13, 152 f. - As there is no etym., the word for `vegetables' will be of Pre-Greek origin; on λαχαίνω see above. - On the absence of a preverb J.-L. Perpillou, RPh. 73 (1999) 96.Page in Frisk: 2,92Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λαχαίνω
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31 λάχανον
λαχαίνω, λάχανονGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `dig' (since ω 242).Other forms: aor. λαχῆναι.Derivatives: λάχανον, gew. pl. -α, n. `garden-herbs, vegetables' (IA.); often as 1. member, e.g. λαχανο-πώλης `greengrocer' (Critias, pap.). Several derivv.: 1. diminut. λαχάνιον (D. L., pap.), - ίδιον (H.). 2. λαχανική, - όν `taxes on vegetables' ( Inscr. Magn., Sammelb.), λαχανάριον herbarium (Gloss.). 3. λαχαν-ᾶς (Hdn. Gr.), - εύς (Procl.) `greengrocer'. 4. λαχαν-ώδης (Arist., Thphr.), - ηρός (Thphr.), - ιος (Jul., Ostr.) `belonging to vegetables'. 5. λαχανεύω `plant, cultivate, harvest vegetables' (pap., Str., App.) with λαχανεία `cultivation etc. of vegetables' (LXX, pap., J.), also λαχαν-ιά `gardenbed' (H., sch., also pap.?; doubted by Scheller Oxytonierung 68 f.); λαχάνευ-μα `cultivation of vegetables' (Procl.), - τής `greengrocer' (pap.). 6. λαχανίζομαι, -ω `harvest vegetables, to be at grass (of horses)' (EM, Hippiatr.) with - ισμός (Th., pap., Hippiatr.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Quite doubtfull λαχή in A. Th. 914 (lyr.) τάφων πατρῴων λαχαί ('the digging' sch.); rather λάχαι to λαγχάνω, s. v. The semantic difficulty to connect λαχαίνω and λάχανον with each other (cf. Schwyzer 725), may perhaps be colved with Debrunner IF 21, 43 (after Fraenkel Denom. 8) in this way, that the only late appearing denominative simplex λαχαίνω is a backformation from the compp., especially ἀμφι-λαχαίνω (ω 242). - Further unclear. In this interpretation disappears the any way doubtfull connection (after Fick 2, 238) with some Celtic words for `spade' v. t., MIr. lāige m. `spade', lāigen f. `lance', s. O'Rahilly Ériu 13, 152 f. - As there is no etym., the word for `vegetables' will be of Pre-Greek origin; on λαχαίνω see above. - On the absence of a preverb J.-L. Perpillou, RPh. 73 (1999) 96.Page in Frisk: 2,92Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λάχανον
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32 μαρμαίρω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `flash, sparkle, gleam' (Il., late also prose); only presentCompounds: Rarely with ἀνα-, παρα-, περι-, ὑπο-. πυρι-, περι-μάρμαρος `sparkling (of fire)' (Man., Hymn. Is.)Derivatives: Besides μαρμάρεος `gleaming, flashing, sparkling' (Il.) with μαρμαρίζω = μαρμαίρω (Pi., D. S.); μαρμαρυγή f. `flashing, sparkling', a. o. of rapid movements (cf. on 1. ἀργός; IA., since θ 265), after ἀμαρυγή (Debrunner IF 21, 243 f., Porzig Satzinhalte 229) with μαρμαρυγώδης `flashing-like' (Hp.), μαρμαρύσσω (: ἀμαρύσσω) = μαρμαίρω (Them., Jul.); with μαρμάρυγμα (Cael. Aur.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: On μάρμαρος s. v. The reduplicated intensive yot-present μαρμαίρω (\< *μαρ-μαρ-ι̯ω) stands beside μαρμάρεος like δαιδάλλω beside δαιδάλεος (cf. Schulze Kl. Schr. 118 n. 3; on - εος Schmid - εος u. - ειος 34). As simplex μαρ- is found in Μαῖρα f. "the sparkling"(?), name of the Sirius (Call., Eratosth., as PN in Hom.; Scherer Gestirnnamen 114f.); in μαρ-αυγέω, ἀ-μαρ-ύσσω, prob. also in μαρίλη and μαριεύς (s. vv.); further perhaps the PN Άμφί-μαρος, son of Poseidon (Paus. 9, 29, 6; Lesky RhM 93, 54ff.; \< *Άμφι-μάρ-μαρος?). -- As certain cognate outside Greek was considered Skt. márīci- f. (m.) `beam of light, (air)mirage' (cf. μαρί̄-λη, *μαρι̯α \> μαῖρα?). Though accepted by Mayrhofer ( KEWA 2, 589, EWAia 2, 321), the connection must be rejected, as Greek μαρ- cannot be explained in this comparison (it is an old comparison, from the time when *a was not a problem; Pok. 733 writes simply * mer-). Further suppositions (Lat. merus `unmixed, pure', also mare `sea' ?, OE ā-merian `purify, taste', Russ. mar `ardour of the sun' etc.), cf. WP. 2, 273f., Pok. 733, W.-Hofmann s. merus, Vasmer s. mar are also most doubtful. - The reduplication μαρ-μαρ- is hardly IE. ᾽Αμαρυγή has a prothetic vowel, which is typical of Pre-Greek (as is the suffix - υγ-). So the word is no doubst Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,176Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μαρμαίρω
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33 μέταυλος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: attribut. to θύρα (Ar., Lys., Plu.), also substantivized f. `the door that opens from the (outside) court, or from the living of the men, towards the back rooms' (opposite ἡ αὔλειος θύρα `the outside door'), in Vitr. (6, 7, 5) of a corresponding corridor;Other forms: μέσαυλος (E., Ph. [v. l. - λιος, Vitr.), μέσσαυλος (- ον) `the inner court where the cattle were put for the night' (Hom., A. R. 3, 235); μεσαύλη f. `court inside the houses' (pap. VIp; reading not quite certain).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Att. μέταυλος indicates as hypostasis either ἡ μετ' αὑλήν ( θύρα), i. e. the court behind the (outward) court, or ἡ μετ' αὑλῆς ( μετ' αὑλῶν θῦρα), i. e. the door in the middle of the court (between both courts); the meaning, which changed with the organisation of the house, cannot be settled without exact knowledge of the plan of the house, cf. the explanations by Wistrand Eranos 37, 16ff.; the etymological analysis is accordingly uncertain. On μεσο- for older μετα- Wackernagel Syntax 2. 242. -- Hom. μέσσαυλος seems however to stand for τὸ μέσον or (εν) μέσσῳ αὑλῆς and "what belongs to the middle of the court" or "what is in the middle of the court", i. e. `middle of the court, inner of the court', cf. Risch IF 59, 19f.; it should then be separated from μέταυλος. In A. R. 3, 235 ep. μέσσαυλος may have been influenced by the later μέσαυλος; late μεσαύλη followed the simplex.Page in Frisk: 2,219Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέταυλος
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34 μετόπη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `metope', field between the triglyphs on the frieze of Dorian temples (Vitr.; codd. methope, -a like triumphus, sephulcrum a. o., cf. Leumann Lat. Gr. 131); also μεθόπια n.pl. (Delph. IVa, H.; μ[..] οπια Att. inscr. IVa); on θ beside τ cf. ἐφόπτης beside ἐπόπτης a.o. (Schwyzer 220).Other forms: (accent not given).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: With μετόπιον agree exactly other technical terms like μετακιόνιον, μεταστύλιον `space between the columns' (Att. a. hell. inscr.), μεθόριος, - ον `what lies between boundaries, borderland between two countries' (Th., X.). It must then indicate a space between the ὀπαι. Acc. to Vitr. 4, 2, 4 the ὀπαί = tignorum cubicula et asserum, i. e. openings or indentations in the beams, in which the heads of the crossbeams were fitted in; these heads wre covered with special planks, the soc. triglyphs. Acc. to another view, rejected by Vitr., the ὀπαί were orig. light-openings, what fits certainly beter to the meaning of ὀπή. In favour of this view with extensive argumentation Demangel BCH 55, 117ff.; he sees in the triglyphs a grille, before which later the ὀπαί were put. -- The clearly secondary form μετόπη was adapted to the simplex, perhaps because the metopes themselves could seem "openings-between"; μετόπη `opening between (the triglyphs)' would have been taken like περί-κηπος `garden around (the house)' (hell. a. late pap.; Risch IF 59, 252) or nearly understood like μεσ-αύλη (s. μέταυλος). Cf. Johnson ClassPhil. 30, 260f. (in details wrong).Page in Frisk: 2,220Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μετόπη
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35 μῆλον 2
μῆλον 2Grammatical information: n., mostly pl. -αOther forms: (also Dor.).Compounds: Often as 1. member, e.g. μηλο-βότης, Dor. - τας `shepherd' (Pi., E.), also - βοτήρ (Σ 529, h. Merc. 286) in - βοτῆρας at verse-end, after the simplex (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 65, Chantraine Form. 323, Risch $13d, Shipp Studies 66); μηλάταν τὸν ποιμένα. Βοιωτοί H., haplological for μηλ-ηλάταν or for μηλόταν after βοηλάταν (Bechtel Gött. Nachr. 1919, 345, Dial. 1,307); on μηλ-ολόνθη s. v. Rarely as 2. member, only in some bahuvrihis (diff. - μηλον `apple', s. v.), e.g. πολύ-μηλος `with many sheep' (Il.); also in PN, e.g. Boeot. Πισί-μειλος.Derivatives: μήλειος `belonging to the small cattle' (Ion., E.), μηλόται ποιμένες H. (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 129, Schwyzer 500), μηλωτή f. `sheepskin' (Philem. Com., hell.; like κηρωτή a.o.) with Μηλώσιος surn. of Zeus (Corc., Naxos), prop. "who is wrapped in a sheepskin" (Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 395f.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Old word for `small cattle', which is well attested in Celtic, e.g. OIr. mil n. `small animal', and is sporadically found also in Westgerm., e.g. in OLFranc. māla `cow', Dutch maal `young cow' (here also the old name of the Harz, Μηλί-βοκον ὄρος?). -- Against these words, which all can go back on IE * mēlo-, stands with a-vowel Arm. mal `sheep', also SmRuss. mal' f. `small cattle, young sheep', Russ. (Crimea) malíč `kind of Crimea-sheep'. It eems obvious to sonnect these words with the general Slav. adj. for `small', e.g. OCS malъ, Russ. mályj. A further step leads to the Germ. word for `small, narrow' in Goth. smals etc., which is often used of small cattle, e.g. OWNo. smale m. `small animal', OHG smalaz fihu ' Schmal- vieh, small cattle'. If we posit IE *( s)mēl-, ( s)mōl- (OCS malь etc.), ( s)mǝl- (Arm. mal, Goth. smals etc.)[this means * smHlo-?], it would seem possible, to bring all words mentioned together. [For Arm. mal Ačar̄yan HAB III2224 proposes a loan from Arabic.] All this does not lead to a probable solution. -- Fick 1, 519, however, thinks for the μῆλον-group of * mē- `bleat' (s. μηκάομαι). -- Cf. WP. 2, 296f (with open doubt), Pok. 724, W.-Hofmann s. 3. malus, Vasmer s. mályj.Page in Frisk: 2,226-227Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μῆλον 2
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36 ναίω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `live, inhabit', rare `be situated' (in this meaning also midd. εὖ ναιόμενος), aor. `give as house, settle', pass. `settle (oneself)' (Il.).Derivatives: Enlarged ναιετάω, also with περι-, μετα-, παρα-, `live, inhabit', also `be situated', esp. in εὖ ναιετάων `well established, situated' (Il.); on the discussed formation Schwyzer 705, Leumann Hom. Wörter 1, 182 ff., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 358. -- Besides from the presentstem, partly also backformed from ναιετάω, περι-, μετα-ναιέται m. pl. `who live around, with' (Ω 488 a. A. R. 4, 470 resp. Hes. Th. 401), ἁλι-ναιέται `who live on the sea' (B. 16, 97); ἐν-ναέται `inhabitant' (Isyll., A. R.), f. - έτις (A. R.). Simplex ναέτης, Dor. - τας `inhabitant' (poet. since Simon.), f. ναιέτις (Call.); second. ( ἐν-)ναετήρ m. `id.' (AP), f. ἐνναέτειρα ( APl.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: On μετανάστης s. v. The causative meaning of νάσσαι is prob. arisen from the opposition to intr. νασθῆναι. The meaning `be situated', often with ναιετάω, esp. in εὖ ναιετάων, rarely with ναίω, is not convincingly explained; perh. we must start from the ptc. εὖ ναιετάων prop. `where one lives well' with the same shift as e.g. in ὁ ἐπιβάλλων `whom it is well' w.o. (type café chantant, s. Debrunner Mus. Helv. 1, 31 ff.); from the ptc. the use might have shifted to the finite forms, sometimes to the primary ναίω. Leumann Hom. Wörter 191 ff. tries to explain the remarkable meaning from a wrong interpretation of Γ 387; against this Fraenkel Gnomon 23, 374. The verbal stem νασ- ( ναίω \< *νάσ-ι̯ω) is isolated. Usu. it is, but with doubtful right, considered as a reduced grade of νεσ- in νέομαι (to which belongs νόστος and also ἄσμενος?); s. there w. further lit. Rejected by Kretschmer Glotta 3, 337. Cf. ναός. - νασ- may be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ναίω
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37 νεύω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `nod, beckon, bend forward, grant'.Derivatives: ( ἔκ-, ἀνά- etc.)- νεῦσις f. `nodding, bending' (Pl., LXX), νεῦμα n., also with ἐπι-, ἐν-, συν -, `nod' (A., Th., X.) with νευμάτιον (Arr.); νευστικός `bending' (Ph.). Expressive enlargement νευστάζω, rarely w. ἐπι-, `nod, beckon' (Il.); cf. βαστάζω, ῥυστάζω a.o. (Schwyzer 706, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 338, Bechtel Lex. 234).Etymology: The retained diphthong in νεύω as well as νευστάζω points to an orig. *νεύσω (*νεύσι̯ω?), cf. a.o. γεύομαι and εὕω (s. vv.); the late forms νένευκα, - νένευμαι are of course based on νεύω. Except the - σ-, νεύω agrees with Lat. ab-, ad-nuō \< *-neu̯ō with the same meaning (to which the simplex nuō in gramm.). νεῦμα agrees with Lat. nūmen (\< * neu(s)-mn̥) prop. `nod', `godly governing etc.'; they are however easily understandable as independent innovations. -- Far remain however both Skt. návate `go, move (oneself)' (not quite certain; Mayrhofer s.v.) and Slav., e.g. Russ. núritь `bow the head' (s. Vasmer s.v.). -- WP. 2, 323 f, Pok. 767, W.-Hofmann s. nuō. Cf. νύσσω and νυστάζω.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νεύω
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38 ὄλλυμι
ὄλλυμι, - μαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to wreck, to destroy, to lose', midd. intr. `to go to waste, to be ruined, to be lost' (Il.).Other forms: - ύω, - ύομαι (Archil.), ὀλέκω, - ομαι (Il.), aor. ὀλέσαι, ὀλέσθαι (Il.), pass. ὀλεσθῆναι (LXX), fut. ὀλέσ(σ)ω (ep.), ὀλέω (Ion.), ὀλῶ (Att.), ὀλέομαι, ὀλοῦμαι (Il.), perf. ὀλώλεκα (Att.), intr. ὄλωλα (Il.); as simplex only ep.;Compounds: Very often w. prefix, esp. ἀπ- (in Att. prose monopol.), with ἐξαπ-, συναπ-, προσαπ- etc., also with δι-, ἐξ- a.o.Derivatives: 1. ὄλεθρος m. `destruction, ruin, loss, death' (Il.) with ὀλέθρ-ιος `baneful' (Il.), - ιάω `to be dying' (Archig; after the verbs of disease in - ιάω, Schwyzer 732), ( ἐξ-ὀλεθρ-εύω, assim. ( ἐξ-)ὀλοθρ-εύω `to destroy' (LXX) with - ευσις, - ευμα, - εία (beside - ία; Scheller Oxytonierung 39), - ευτής; NGr. ξολοθρεύω. 2. ἀπόλε-σις f. `loss' (Hippod. ap. Stob.); as 1. member e.g. in ὀλεσ-ήνωρ `destroying men' (Thgn. [?], Nonn.; Sommer Nominalkomp. 183), ὠλεσί-καρπος `losing fruit' (κ 510 a.o.; ὠ- metr. condit.). 3. ὀλε-τήρ, - ῆρος m. `destroyer, killer' (Σ 114 a.o.; on the meaning Benveniste Noms d'agent 35 a. 43), - τειρα f. (Batr.; ἀνδρ-ολέτειρα Hes., A.), - της m. ( Epigr. Gr.; ἀνδρ-ολέτης poet. inscr.), - τις f. (AP), παιδ-ολέτωρ, - ορος m. f. `child killer' (A. in lyr.); details in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 127 n. 1. -- On the PN Όλετᾶς (Hali- carn. etc.; Carian?) Masson Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 10, 163f.Etymology: The disyll. full grade in ὄλε-θρος, ὀλέ-σαι a.o. has beside it a monosyll. zero grade in ὄλλυμι from *ὄλ-νυ-μι (from an older *h₃l̥-n-eh₁-mi \> *ολνημι); thus e. g. στορέ-σαι: στόρ-νυ-μι. Orig. disyll. also in ὀλέ-σθαι (if athematic), to which with thematic transfomation ὀλόμην etc.? On ὀλέ-κ-ω cf. ἐρύ-κ-ω a.o., on the ptc. aor. ὀλόμενος Kretschmer Glotta 27, 236 f. (against Specht KZ 63, 219 f.). Details on the morphology in Schwyzer 363, 696, 702 a. 747, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 302 f., 329 a. 391; on the vocalism also Sánchez Ruiperez Erner. 17, 107 f. -- From Greek here also ὀλοός `pernicious, fatal'; further isolated. On wrong hypotheses s. W.-Hofmann s. aboleō, dēleō and volnus; also WP. 1, 159 f. and Pok. 306 (w. lit.).Page in Frisk: 2,378-379Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄλλυμι
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39 ὁμηγερής
Grammatical information: adj.Other forms: Dor. ὁμᾱγ-.Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: From ὁμοῦ and ἀγείρειν with formation of the 2. member after the ής- adj. (Schwyzer 513; not from an old noun * geros- with Solmsen Wortforsch. 16 as possible alternative; thus also ὁμήγυρις, Dor. ὁμάγ- f. `meeting' (Υ 142) after the simplex ἄγυρις (s. ἀγείρω) with contraction resp. comp. lengthening.Page in Frisk: 2,385-386Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὁμηγερής
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40 ὁπλή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `the unsplit hoof of a horse' (Λ 536 = Υ 501), `the split hoof of oxen, cattle' (h. Merc., Hes., Pi., IA.).Derivatives: ὁπλή-εις `with hooves' (Poeta ap. D. Chr. 32, 85).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Unexplained. The formally obvious connection with ὅπλον (e.g. Buttmann Lex. 2, 216 n. 4) is semantically inexplicable ("equipment"?). After Bechtel Lex. s.v. with ἁπλή `simplex' "nearly identical"; formally difficult and also as to the matter very doubtful, as orig. exclusive connection to a horses' hoof is far from evident. To be rejected also Osthoff MU 6, 334f. (s. Bq).Page in Frisk: 2,404Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὁπλή
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simplex — ● simplex nom masculin En télécommunications et en transmission de données, mode de transmission permettant le transfert d informations dans un seul sens (par opposition à duplex). simplex [sɛ̃plɛks] adj. invar. et n. m. ÉTYM. XXe; de simple. ❖ ♦ … Encyclopédie Universelle
simplex — (adj.) characterized by a single part, 1590s, from L. simplex single, simple, from PIE root *sem one, together (Cf. L. semper always, lit. once for all; Skt. sam together; see SAME (Cf. same)) + *plac fold. The noun is … Etymology dictionary
simplex — [sim′pleks΄] adj. [L, simple < IE base * sem , one + * plak : see DUPLEX] 1. having only one part; not complex or compounded 2. designating or of a system of telegraphy, telephony, etc. in which a signal can be transmitted in only one… … English World dictionary
simplex — simplex. См. симплекс. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) … Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.
Simplex [1] — Simplex (lat.), einfach, s. Simpel; S. sigillum veri, das Einfache ist ein Siegel des Wahren … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Simplex [2] — Simplex, Cn. Cäcilius S., Consul 69 n. Chr.; weigerte sich vom beängstigten Vitellius die Zeichen der niedergelegten Kaiserwürde anzunehmen u. trug dadurch bei, daß dieser die Würde behielt … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Simplex — (lat.), simpel, einfach; schlicht; einfältig … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
