-
41 dē-dūcō
dē-dūcō dūxī, ductus, ere (imper. deduc, C.; deduce, T.), to lead away, draw out, turn aside, divert, bring out, remove, drive off, draw down: atomos de viā: eum contionari conantem de rostris, drag down, Cs.: aliquem ex ultimis gentibus: summā vestem ab orā, O.: Cantando rigidas montibus ornos, V.: canendo cornua lunae, i. e. bring to light (from eclipse), O.: dominam Ditis thalamo, V.: tota carbasa malo, i. e. unfurl, O.: febrīs corpore, H.: molliunt clivos, ut elephanti deduci possent, L.: rivos, i. e. to clear out, V.: aqua Albana deducta ad utilitatem agri, conducted off: imbres deducunt Iovem, i. e. Jupiter descends in, etc., H.: crinīs pectine, to comb, O.: vela, O.: deductae est fallacia Lunae, Pr.: hunc ad militem, T.: suas vestīs umero ad pectora, O.: in mare undas, O.: alqm in conspectum (Caesaris), Cs.: ab augure deductus in arcem, L.: aliquem in carcerem, S.: mediā sulcum deducis harenā, i. e. are dragged to execution, Iu.—Of troops, to draw off, lead off, withdraw, lead, conduct, bring: nostros de valle, Cs.: ab opere legiones, Cs.: finibus Attali exercitum, L.: praesidia, Cs.: legionibus in hiberna deductis, Cs.: in aciem, L.: neque more militari vigiliae deducebantur, S.—Of colonists, to lead forth, conduct: coloni lege Iuliā Capuam deducti, Cs.: milites in colonias: triumvir coloniis deducendis, S.: illi qui initio deduxerant, the founders, N.—Of ships, to draw out (from the dock): ex navalibus eorum (navem), Cs.: Deducunt socii navīs, V.—To draw down, launch: celoces viginti, L.: neque multum abesse (navīs) ab eo, quin paucis diebus deduci possent, Cs.: navīs litore, V.: carinas, O.: deducendus in mare, set adrift, Iu. — To bring into port: navīs in portum, Cs.—In weaving, to draw out, spin out: pollice filum, O.: fila, Ct.: stamina colo, Tb.—Poet.: vetus in tela deducitur argumentum, is interwoven, O. — Of personal attendance, in gen., to lead, conduct, escort, accompany: te domum: me de domo: deducendi sui causā populum de foro abducere, L.: quem luna solet deducere, Iu.: deducam, will be his escort, H. — To conduct a young man to a public teacher: a patre deductus ad Scaevolam.—Of a bride, to lead, conduct (to her husband): uni nuptam, ad quem virgo deducta sit, L.: domum in cubiculum, to take home, T.: quo primum virgo quaeque deducta est, Cs.—To lead in procession, conduct, show: deduci superbo triumpho, H.—In law, to eject, exclude, put out of possession (a claimant of land): ut aut ipse Tullium deduceret aut ab eo deduceretur: de fundo deduci.—To expel, exclude: alqm ex possessione, L.—To summon, bring (as a witness): ad hoc iudicium.—To take away, subtract, withdraw, deduct, diminish: cibum, T.: addendo deducendoque videre, quae reliqui summa fiat: de capite, quod usuris pernumeratum est, L.— Fig., to bring down, lead away, divert, withdraw, bring, lead, derive, deduce, reduce: alqm de animi lenitate: alqm de fide: me a verā accusatione: mos unde deductus, derived, H.: nomen ab Anco, O.: alqm ad fletum: rem ad arma, Cs.: ad humum maerore, bows, H.: ad sua flagra Quirites, subdue under, Iu.: in eum casum deduci, Cs.: rem in controversiam, Cs.: rem huc, ut, etc., Cs.: audi, quo rem deducam, what I have in view, H.: Aeolium carmen ad Italos modos, transfer, H.: in patriam deducere musas, V.—To mislead, seduce, entice, induce, bring, instigate: adulescentibus oratione deductis, Cs.: a quibus (inimicis) deductus, Cs.—To spin out, string out, compose (poet.): tenui deducta poëmata filo, H.: mille die versūs, H.: nihil expositum, Iu: carmen in actūs, H. — To remove, expel, cure: corpore febrīs, H.: haec (vitia) deducuntur de corpore, i. e. men try to remove. -
42 deduco
dē-dūco, xi, ctum ( imper.:I.deduc,
Cic. Rep. 1, 21, 34;old form, deduce,
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 32), 3, v. a., to lead or bring away, to lead, fetch, bring or draw down (for syn. cf.: duco, comitor, prosequor, persequor, stipo, sequor, consequor—freq. and class.).Lit.A.In gen.a.Not designating a limit:b.atomos de via,
to turn from a straight course, Cic. Fat. 9, 18:eum concionari conantem de rostris,
Caes. B. C. 3, 21, 3:pedes de lecto,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 82:suos clam ex agris,
Caes. B. G. 4, 30 fin.; so,aliquem ex ultimis gentibus,
Cic. Phil. 13, 13:lunam e curru,
Tib. 1, 8, 21; cf.the foll.: summā vestem deduxit ab orā,
Ov. M. 3, 480:cantando rigidas deducere montibus ornos,
Verg. E. 6, 71: lunam caelo id. ib. 8, 69; cf.:lunam cursu,
Ov. H. 6, 85:hunc caelo,
id. F. 3, 317:dominam Ditis thalamo,
Verg. A. 6, 397:tota carbasa malo,
i. e. to spread, unfurl, by letting down, Ov. M. 11, 477; cf.the foll.: febres corpore,
Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 48:inde boves,
Ov. M. 6, 322:transfuga duci se ad consules jubet deductusque traditurum urbem promittit,
Liv. 9, 24:Ubiis imperat, ut pecora deducant suaque omnia ex agris in oppida conferant,
Caes. B. G. 6, 10, 2; cf. Liv. 21, 37: rivos, i. e. to clear out, cleanse ( = detergere, Macr. Sat. 3, 3; Col. 2, 22, 3), Verg. G. 1, 269 Heyne ad loc.; cf.:aqua Albana deducta ad utilitatem agri suburbani,
conducted off, Cic. Div. 2, 32, 69, and v. the foll.:lunam,
Prop. 1, 1, 19; cf.Jovem,
the sun, Hor. Epod. 13, 2:crines pectine,
to comb, Ov. M. 4, 311; cf.:caesariem barbae dextrā,
id. ib. 15, 656:vela,
id. ib. 3, 663:sive aliquis molli deducit candida gestu Brachia,
moves, Prop. 2, 22 (3, 15), 5 (al. diducit); imitated by Stat. Silv. 3, 5, 66 (al. diducit) et saep.—Stating the limit:B.cito hunc deduc ad militem,
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 32:aliquem ad aliquem,
id. ib. 4, 4, 10; Cic. Lael. 1; Caes. B. G. 7, 28 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 18, 3; Sall. J. 113 fin. et saep.:juvenem ad altos currus,
Ov. M. 2, 106:suas vestes humero ad pectora,
Ov. M. 6, 405; cf.:manum ad imum ventrem,
Quint. 11, 3, 112 et saep.:impedimenta in proximum collem,
Caes. B. G. 7, 68, 2:aquam in vias,
Cato R. R. 155; Ov. M. 1, 582:aliquem in conspectum (Caesaris),
Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 2:aliquem in arcem,
Liv. 1, 18; id. 1, 58:aliquem in carcerem,
Sall. C. 55:in arenam,
Suet. Calig. 35: levis deducet pondere fratres, will bring down (the scale), Grat. Cyn. 292. —In partic.I.Milit. t. t., to draw off, lead off, withdraw troops from a place; to lead, conduct, bring to a place: praesidia de locis, Sisenna ap. Non. 289, 15; so with de, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 60; Caes. B. G. 5, 51, 2; Cic. Att. 7, 14 al.:2.exercitum ex his regionibus,
Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 19; so with ex, id. ib. 7, 87, 4 fin.; 7, 81 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 12, 3 al.:legionem ab opere,
id. ib. 3, 69; so with ab, id. ib. 2, 26, 3; Liv. 34, 35 al.:deducta Orico legione,
Caes. B. C. 3, 34:exercitum finibus Attali,
Liv. 32, 27: deducto exercitu, Caes. B. G. 6, 43, 3; 7, 20, 11; id. B. C. 3, 39 al.; cf. Oud. ad Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 2:milites ad Ciceronem,
Caes. B. G. 5, 27, 9:tres in arcem cohortes praesidio,
id. B. C. 3, 19, 5:a Flacco inter ceteros, quos virtutis causa secum ex provincia ad triumphum deducebat, deductus sum,
Liv. 42, 34:copias ex locis superioribus in campum deducit,
Caes. B. C. 2, 40 fin.:legionibus in hiberna deductis,
id. B. G. 2, 35, 3; so,in hiberna,
Liv. 26, 20; 43, 9:in interiorem Galliam,
Caes. B. G. 2, 2; cf.in Menapios,
id. ib. 4, 22, 5:in proxima municipia,
id. B. C. 1, 32:in hiberna in Sequanos,
id. B. G. 1, 54, 2:in aciem,
Liv. 3, 62:praesidia eo,
Caes. B. C. 2, 18, 5:neque more militari vigiliae deducebantur,
Sall. Jug. 44, 5; id. C. 59, 1. —Pub. law t. t., to lead forth, conduct a colony to a place:3.coloni, qui lege Julia Capuam deducti erant,
Caes. B. C. 1, 14, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 81:colonos in aliquem locum,
id. ib. 28:coloniam in aliquem locum,
Cic. Rep. 2, 3; 2, 4; Liv. 10, 1; 10, 13; 34, 45 (repeatedly); Suet. Tib. 4 al.:Aquileia colonia Latina eo anno in agro Gallorum est deducta,
Liv. 40, 34; cf.:in colonia Capua deducti,
Suet. Caes. 81:ut emantur agri a privatis, quo plebs publice deducatur,
Cic. Agr. 2, 25; cf. id. ib. 2, 26;2, 34, 92: triumvir coloniis deducendis,
Sall. J. 42; cf. Liv. 9, 46; 9, 28; Suet. Aug. 46 al.— Absol.:deductis olim et nobiscum per conubium sociatis, haec patria est,
Tac. H. 4, 65. —Nautical t. t.a.To draw out a ship from the docks:b.ex navalibus eorum unam (navem) deducit,
Caes. B. C. 2, 3, 2:deducunt socii naves,
Verg. A. 3, 71.—Hence far more freq. meton., like the Gr. kathelkein, to draw down a ship from the stocks into the sea; to launch, Liv. 21, 17; 41, 9; Caes. B. G. 7, 60:neque multum abesse (naves) ab eo, quin paucis diebus deduci possent,
id. ib. 5, 2, 2:naves,
id. ib. 5, 23, 2:classem,
Liv. 36, 41 al.:naves litore,
Verg. A. 4, 398:carinas,
Ov. M. 6, 144; 8, 104 et saep.—Rarely for subducere and the Gr. katagein, to draw a ship into port:4.onerarias naves in portum deducunt,
Caes. B. C. 1, 36, 2:in portum,
Petr. 101, 8.—Weavers' t. t., to draw out, spin out the thread, yarn:5.dextera tum leviter deducens fila, Catull. 64, 313: filum,
Ov. M. 4, 36; id. Am. 1, 14, 7; id. H. 9, 77.—Hence, meton., to prepare a web, to weave:vetus in tela deducitur argumentum,
is interwoven, represented in weaving, Ov. M. 6, 69.—t. t. of common life, to lead out, conduct, escort, accompany a person out of the house, as a mark of respect or for protection:b.haec ipsa sunt honorabilia... assurgi, deduci, reduci,
Cic. de Sen. 18, 63:cum magna multitudo optimorum virorum et civium me de domo deduceret,
id. Fam. 10, 12, 2; Suet. Aug. 29:ne deducendi sui causa populum de foro abduceret,
Liv. 23, 23 fin.; cf. Tac. A. 3, 14:a quibus (sc. equitibus Rom.) si domus nostra celebratur, si interdum ad forum deducimur, etc.,
Cic. Mur. 34.—Esp., to conduct a young man to a public teacher:c.dicam hunc a patre continuo ad me esse deductum,
Cic. Cael. 4, 9; id. Lael. 1, 1; Tac. Dial. 34; Quint. 12, 11, 6; cf. ephebum in gymnasium, Petron. 85, 3.—Aliquam alicui, ad aliquem, to lead, conduct a bride (from her father's house) to her husband (cf. denubo):(β).bona uxor si ea deducta est usquam cuiquam gentium,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 90; cf.Catull. 68, 143: virginem juveni marito,
Tib. 3, 4, 31:uni nuptam, ad quem virgo deducta sit,
Liv. 10, 23:nullo exemplo deductae in domum patrui fratris filiae,
Tac. A. 12, 5; so,in domum,
id. ib. 14, 63; so of the bridegroom himself, to take home the bride:domum in cubiculum,
Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 60:uxorem domum,
id. Hec. 1, 2, 60:quo primum virgo quaeque deducta est,
Caes. B. G. 5, 14 fin.—Absol.:eas velut auspicibus nobilissimis populis deductas esse,
Liv. 42, 12, 4; cf. Prop. 4 (5), 3, 13.—In a dishonorable sense, to bring one a concubine, Plaut. Casin. 2, 8, 36; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 34; Suet. Calig. 25; id. Caes. 50; id. Ner. 28; cf. also the foll., no. 7.—d.To lead about in a public procession, Suet. Tib. 17 fin.:e.invidens privata deduci superbo non humilis mulier triumpho,
Hor. Od. 1, 37, 31:tensas,
Suet. Aug. 43; id. Vesp. 5.—Hence, to drive out, expel = expellere: Arsinoen ex regno, Auct. B. [p. 527] Alex. 33:6.ex possessione,
Liv. 34, 58, 6. —Jurid. t. t.a.Aliquem de fundo, to lead away a person from a disputed possession in the presence of witnesses (with or without force: the latter moribus, the former vi solida), in order to procure him the right of action (this was a symbolic procedure preparatory to an action): appellat Fabius, ut aut ipse Tullium deduceret aut ab eo deduceretur. Dicit deducturum se Tullius, etc., Cic. pro Tull. Fragm. § 20; id. Agr. 2, 26, 68;b.placuit Caecinae constituere, quo die in rem praesentem veniretur, et de fundo Caecina moribus deduceretur, etc.,
id. Caecin. 7, 20.—To bring before a tribunal as a witness:c.multi boni ad hoc judicium deducti non sunt,
Cic. Flac. 4, 9.—To bring to trial:7.lis ad forum deducta est,
Phaedr. 3, 13, 3. —With the accessory idea of diminution, to withdraw, deduct, subtract, diminish:II.cibum,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 23. And as a mercantile t. t.:addendo deducendoque videre, quae reliqui summa fiat,
Cic. Off. 1, 18, 59:ut centum nummi deducerentur,
id. Leg. 2, 21, 53; cf. Cato R. R. 144 sq.:de capite deducite, quod usuris pernumeratum est,
Liv. 6, 15; cf. Suet. Caes. 42 et saep.—Hence in a double sense: Tertia deducta est (in allusion to the meaning, no. 5, c. b), Suet. Caes. 50; cf. the same account in Macr. S. 2, 2.Trop.A.In gen., to bring down, bring or lead away, withdraw, bring, lead: quare, si placet, deduc orationem tuam de coelo ad haec citeriora, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 85, 20, and 289, 9:B.licet enim contrahere universitatem generis humani, eamque gradatim ad pauciores, postremo deducere in singulos,
id. N. D. 2, 65 fin.:aliquem de animi lenitate,
id. Cat. 2, 13; cf.:aliquem de animi pravitate,
Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 10 fin.:aliquem de sententia,
Cic. Brut. 25 fin.:aliquem de fide,
id. Verr. 1, 9, 25 et saep.:perterritos a timore,
id. N. D. 2, 59, 148:aliquem a tristitia, ab acerbitate,
id. de Or. 2, 83 fin.:aliquem ab humanitate, a pietate, a religione,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 6 (for which, shortly before, abducere):aliquem a vera accusatione,
id. ib. 2, 1, 6 fin.; id. Fam. 1, 1, 2 et saep.:voluntates impellere quo velit, unde autem velit deducere,
Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30:mos unde deductus,
derived, Hor. Od. 4, 4, 19; cf.:nomen ab Anco,
Ov. F. 6, 803:quae tandem ea est disciplina, ad quam me deducas,
Cic. Acad. 2, 36:aliquem ad fletum misericordiamque,
id. de Or. 2, 45, 189:aliquem ad eam sententiam,
Caes. B. G. 2, 10, 5; 6, 10, 2:rem ad arma,
id. B. C. 1, 4 fin.; cf.:rem ad otium,
id. ib. 1, 5 fin.:plura argumenta ad unum effectum,
Quint. 9, 2, 103 et saep.:quam in fortunam quamque in amplitudinem deduxisset (Aeduos),
Caes. B. G. 7, 54, 3; so,aliquem in eum casum,
id. ib. 2, 31, 6:aliquem in periculum,
id. ib. 7, 50, 4: Quint. 4, 2, 12; cf.:rem in summum periculum,
Caes. B. G. 5, 31; id. B. C. 1, 19, 3:rem in controversiam,
id. B. G. 7, 63, 5:aliquem in causam,
Liv. 36, 5:in societatem belli,
id. 36, 7 et saep.:huc jam deduxerat rem, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 1, 62; so,rem huc, ut, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 86, 3:deduxisti totam hanc rem in duo genera solum causarum, caetera innumerabilia exercitationi reliquisti,
have brought, reduced, Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 71; id. Cat. 2, 2, 4; cf.:rem in eum locum, ut, etc.,
id. Fam. 16, 12:quem in locum,
id. ib. 4, 2, 3:ergo huc universa causa deducitur, utrum, etc.,
id. Rosc. Com. 12, 34:rerum divisio in duos articulos deducitur,
Gai. Inst. 2, 2:audi, quo rem deducam,
what I aim at, what I have in view, to what conclusion I will bring the matter, Hor. S. 1, 1, 15:Aeolium carmen ad Italos modos,
transfer, transplant, id. Od. 3, 30, 14; cf.:in patriam deducere musas,
Verg. G. 3, 10. —In partic.1.To mislead, seduce, entice, induce, bring one to an opinion (rare):2.adolescentibus et oratione magistratus et praemio deductis,
Caes. B. G. 7, 37, 6; id. B. C. 1, 7, 1:sibi esse facile, Seuthen regem Thracum deducere, ut, etc.,
Nep. Alcib. 8:aliquem vero,
from the truth, Lucr. 1, 370.—To spin out a literary composition, like a thread, i. e. to elaborate, prepare, compose ( poet., and in post-Aug. prose):3.tenui deducta poëmata filo,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 225:mille die versus,
id. Sat. 2, 1, 4; Ov. Pont. 1, 5, 13:carmina,
id. Tr. 1, 1, 39; cf. id. ib. 5, 1, 71: nihil expositum, Juv. 7, 54:commentarios,
Quint. 3, 6, 59:oratio deducta atque circumlata,
finely spun out, id. 4, 1, 60 al.:primaque ab origine mundi ad mea perpetuum deducite tempora carmen,
Ov. M. 1, 3; cf. id. Tr. 2, 560; Hor. A. P. 129:opus,
Manil. 1, 3. —(Another figure borrowed from spinning.) To make finer, thinner, weaker; to attenuate: vocem deducas oportet, ut mulieris videantur verba, Pompon. ap. Macr. Sat. 6, 4: "Odusseus" ad "Ulixem" deductus est, Quint. 1, 4, 16; cf. P. a. B.—4.To derive (of the origin of words):5.nomen Christianorum a Christo deducitur,
Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 14;id. de Virg. vel. 5: diximus nomen religionis a vinculo pietatis esse deductum,
Lact. 4, 28, 12; cf.:sed et Pharnacion (cognominatur) a Pharnace rege deductum,
Plin. 25, 4, 14, § 33.—To remove, cure, of physical evils:6.brassica de capite omnia deducet et sanum faciet,
Cato R. R. 157, 6:corpore febres, animo curas,
Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 48; Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 47.—To bring down (late Lat.):7.deducis ad inferos,
i. e. to death, Vulg. Tobiae, 13, 2; id. Gen. 42, 38; id. 1 Reg. 2, 6.—Law t. t., to withhold:cum in mancipanda proprietate (usus fructus) deducatur,
Gai. Inst. 2, 33.—Hence, -
43 AF
of* * *prep. w. dat.I. Of place:1) off, from;G. hljóp af hesti sínum, G. jumped off his horse;ganga af mótinu, to go away from the meeting;Flosi kastaði af sér skikkjunni, threw off his cloak;Gizzur gekk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from the south-west;hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he had taken off his shoes;Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off;tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms;bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus;land af landi, from one land to the other;hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession;vil ek þú vinnir af þér skuldina, work off the debt;muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand;rísa af dauða, to rise from the dead;vakna af draumi, to awaken from a dream;lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse;vindr stóð af landi, the wind blew from the land;2) out of;verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world;gruflar hón af læknum, she scrambles out of the brook;Otradalr var mjök af vegi, far out of the way.Connected with út; föstudaginn fór út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town.II. Of time; past, beyond:af ómagaaldri, able to support oneself, of age;ek em nú af léttasta skeiði, no longer in the prime of life;þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, when seven weeks of summer are past;var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past.III. In various other relations:1) þiggja lið af e-m, to receive help from one;hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy;vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of one;féll þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s men fell there;þá eru þeir útlagir ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their goðorð;þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim;ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to give up;2) off, of;höggva fót, hönd, af e-m, to cut off one’s foot, hand;vil ek, at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, whatever you like of the stores;þar lá forkr einn ok brotit af endanum, with the point broken off;absol., beit hann höndina af, bit the hand off;fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off;3) of, among;hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum, the most promising of the young men;4) with;hláða, (ferma) skip af e-u, to load (freight) a ship with;fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring;5) of (= ór which is more frequent);húsit var gert af timbr stokkum, was built of trunks of trees;6) fig., eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him;hvat hefir þú gert af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar?;7) denoting parentage, descent, origin;ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, are descended from them;kominn af Trójumönnum, descended from the Trojans;8) by, of (after passive);ek em sendr hingat af Starkaði, sent hither by;ástsæll af landsmónnum, beloved of;9) on account of, by reason of, by;úbygðr at frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold;ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds;af ástæld hans, by his popularity;af því, therefore;af hví, wherefor why;af því at, because;10) by means of, by;framfœra e-n af verkum sínum, by means of his own labour;af sínu fé, by one’s own means;absol., hann fekk af hina mestu sœmd, derived great honour from it;11) with adjectives, in regard to;mildr af fé, liberal of money;góðr af griðum, merciful;fastr af drykk, close (stingy) in regard to drink;12) used absol. with a verb, off away;hann bað hann þá róa af fjörðinn, to row the firth off;ok er þeir höfðu af fjörðung, when they had covered one forth of the way;sofa af nóttina, to sleep the night away.* * *prep. often used elliptically by dropping the case, or even merely adverbially, [Ulf. af; A. S. and Engl. of, off; Hel. ab; Germ. ab; Gr. άπό; Lat. a, ab.] With dat. denoting a motion a loco; one of the three prepp. af, ór, frá, corresponding to those in loco—á, í, við, and ad locum—á, í, at. It in general corresponds to the prepp. in loco—á, or in locum— til, whilst ór answers more to í; but it also frequently corresponds to yfir, um or í. It ranges between ór and frá, generally denoting the idea from the surface of, while ór means from the inner part, and frá from the outer part or border. The motion from a hill, plain, open place is thus denoted by af; by ór that from an enclosed space, depth, cavity, thus af fjalli, but ór of a valley, dale; af Englandi, but ór Danmörk, as mörk implies the notion of a deep wood, forest. The wind blows af landi, but a ship sets sail frá landi; frá landi also means a distance from: af hendi, of a glove, ring; ór hendi, of whatever has been kept in the hand (correl. to á hendi and í hendi). On the other hand af is more general, whilst frá and ór are of a more special character; frá denoting a departure, ór an impulse or force; a member goes home af þingi, whereas ór may denote an inmate of a district, or convey the notion of secession or exclusion from, Eb. 105 new Ed.; the traveller goes af landi, the exile ór landi: taka e-t af e-m is to take a thing out of one’s hand, that of taka frá e-m to remove out of one’s sight, etc. In general af answers to Engl. of, off, ór to out of, and frá to from: the Lat. prepp. ab, de, and ex do not exactly correspond to the Icelandic, yet as a rule ór may answer to ex, af sometimes to ab, sometimes to de. Of, off, from among; with, by; on account of by means of, because of concerning, in respect of.A. Loc.I. With motion, off, from:1. prop. corresp. to á,α. konungr dró gullhring af hendi sér (but á hendi), Ld. 32; Höskuldr lætr bera farm af skipi, unload the ship (but bera farm á skip), id.; var tekit af hestum þeirra, they were unsaddled, Nj. 4; Gunnarr hafði farit heiman af bæ sínum, he was away from home, 82; Gunnarr hljóp af hesti sínum, jumped off his horse (but hl. á hest), 83; hlaupa, stökkva af baki, id., 112, 264 ; Gunnarr skýtr til hans af boganum, from the bow, where af has a slight notion of instrumentality, 96; flýja af fundinum, to fly from off the battle-field, 102; ríða af Þríhyrningshálsum, 206; út af Langaholti, Eg. 744 ; sunnan ór Danmörk ok af Saxlandi, 560; ganga af mótinu, to go from the meeting, Fms. vii. 130; af þeirra fundi reis María upp ok fór, 625. 85 ; Flosi kastaði af ser skikkjunni, threw his cloak off him (but kasta á sik),Nj. 176; taka Hrungnis fót af honum, of a load, burden, Edda 58; land þat er hann fiskði af, from which he set off to fish, Grág. i. 151, is irregular, frá would suit better; slíta af baki e-s, from off one’s back, ii. 9 ; bera af borði, to clear the table, Nj. 75.β. where it more nearly answers to í; þeir koma af hafi, of sailors coming in (but leggja í haf), Nj. 128 ; fara til Noregs af Orkneyjum (but í or til O.), 131; þeim Agli fórst vel ok komu af hafi i Borgarfjörð, Eg. 392 ; hann var útlagi ( outlawed) af Noregi, where ór would be more regular, 344; af Islandi, of a traveller, Fms. x. 3; búa her af báðum ríkjunum, to take a levy from, 51; hinir beztu bændr ór Norðlendingafjórðungi ok af Sunnlendingafjórðungi, the most eminent Southerners and Northerners, 113; Gizzurr gékk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from south-west, Sturl. ii. 219; prestar af hvárutveggja biskupsdæmi, from either diocess, Dipl. ii. 11; verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world, 623. 21; gruflar hon af læknum, scrambles out of the brook, Ísl. ii. 340; Egill kneyfði af horninu í einum drykk, drained off the horn at one draught, literally squeezed every drop out of it, Eg. 557; brottuaf herbúðunurn, Fms. x. 343.γ. of things more or less surrounding the subject, corresp. to yfir or um; láta þeir þegar af sér tjöldin, break off, take down the tents in preparing for battle, Eg. 261; kyrtillinn rifnaði af honum, his coat burst, caused by the swollen body, 602; hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he untied his shoes (but binda á sik), 716; Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off, of one clinging to one’s body, 747; tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms, Fms. vii. 39. Of putting off clothes; fara af kápu, Nj. 143; far þú eigi af brynjunni, Bs. i. 541; þá ætlaði Sigurðr at fara af brynjunni, id.; þá var Skarphéðinn flettr af klæðunum, Nj. 209: now more usually fara or klæðum, fötum, exuere, to undress.δ. connected with út; föstudaginn for út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town, Nj. 274; ganga út af kirkjunni, to go out of the church, now út úr, Fms. vii. 107: drekki hann af þeirri jörðunni, of something impregnated with the earth, Laekn. 402.ε. more closely corresponding to frá, being in such cases a Latinism (now frá); bréf af páfa, a pope’s bull, Fms. x. 6; rit af hánum, letter from him, 623. 52; bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus, Bs. i. 712; farið þér á brautu af mér í eilífan eld, Hom. 143; brott af drottins augliti, Stj. 43.ζ. denoting an uninterrupted continuity, in such phrases as land aflandi, from land to land, Eg. 343, Fas. ii. 539; skip af skipl. from ship to ship, Fms. v. 10; brann hvat af öðru, one after another, of an increasing fire, destroying everything, i. 128; brandr af brandi brenn, funi kveykist af funa, one from another, Hm. 56; hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession, also hverr at öðrum, Eb. 272, 280 (where at in both passages).2. metaph., at ganga af e-m dauðum, to go from, leave one dead on the spot, of two combatants; en hann segiz bani hins ef hann gekk af dauðum manni, Grág. ii. 88, Hkr. 1. 327; undr þykir mér er bróðir þinn vildi eigi taka af þér starf þetta, would not take this toil from thee, Nj. 77; þegnar hans glöddust af honum, were fain of him, Fms. x. 380; at koma þeim manni af sér er settr var á fé hans, to get rid of, Ld. 52; vil ek þú vinriir af þér skuldina, work off the debt, Njarð. 366; reka af sér, to repel, Sturl. ii. 219; hann á þá sonu er aldri munu af oss ganga, who will never leave us, whom we shall never get rid of, Fas. i. 280; leysa e-n af e-u, to relieve, 64; taka e-n af lífi, to kill, Eg. 48, 416, Nj. 126; af lífdögum, Fms. vii. 204; ek mun ná lögum af því máli, get the benefit of the law in this case, Eg. 468; muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand, 414; rísa af dauða, to rise from death, Fms. ii. 142; guð bætti honum þó af þessi sótt, healed him of this sickness, ix. 390; vakna af sýn, draumi, svefni, to awaken from a vision, dream, sleep, 655 xxxii. I, Gísl. 24, Eb. 192, Fas. i. 41. Rather with the notion out of, in the phrase af sér etc., e. g. sýna e-t af scr, to shew, exhibit a disposition for or against, Ld. 18; gera mikit af sér, to shew great prowess, Ísl. ii. 368; éf þú gerir eigi meira af þér um aðra leika, unless you make more of thyself, Edda 32; Svipdagr hafði mikit af sér gert, fought bravely, Fas. i. 41; góðr (illr) af sér, good ( bad) of oneself, by nature; mikill af sjálfum sér, proud, bold, stout, Nj. 15; ágætastr maðr af sjálfum sér, the greatest hero, Bret.: góðr af ser, excellent, Hrafn. 7; but, on the contrary, af sér kominn, ruinous, in decay; this phrase is used of old houses or buildings, as in Bs. i. 488 = Sturl. l. c.; af sér kominn af mæði can also be said of a man fallen off from what he used to be; kominn af fotum fram, off his legs from age, Sturl. i. 223, Korm. 154 (in a verse).II. WITHOUT MOTION:1. denoting direction from, but at the same time continuous connection with an object from which an act or thing proceeds, from; tengja skip hvárt fram af stafni annars, to tie the ships in a line, stem to stern, Fms. i. 157, xi. 111; svá at þeir tóku út af borðum, jutted out of the boards, of rafters or poles, iv. 49; stjarna ok af sem skaft, of a comet, ix. 482; lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse, Grág. ii. 264; hon svarar af sínu sæti sem álpt af baru, Fás. i. 186; þar er sjá mátti utau af firði, af þjóðleið, that might be seen from the fareway on the sea when sailing in the firth, Hkr. ii. 64; þá mun hringt af (better at) Burakirkju, of bells rung at the church, Fms. xi. 160; gengr þar af Meðalfellsströnd, projects from, juts out, of a promontory, Ld. 10.2. denoting direction alone; upp af víkinni stóð borg mikil, a burg inland from the inlet, Eg. 161; lokrekkja innar af seti, a shut bed inward from the benches in the hall, Ísl. ii. 262; kapella upp af konungs herbergjum, upwards from, Fms. x. 153; vindr stóð af landi, the wind stood off the land, Bárð. 166.β. metaph., stauda af e-u, vide VI. 4.γ. ellipt., hallaði af norðr, of the channel, north of a spot, Boll. 348; also, austr af, suðr af, vestr af, etc.3. denoting absence; þingheyendr skulu eigi vera um nótt af þingi ( away from the meeting), eðr lengr, þá eru þeir af þingi ( away from (be meeting) ef þeir eru or ( out of) þingmarki, Grág. i. 25; vera um nótt af várþingi, 115; meðan hann er af landi héðan, abroad, 150.β. metaph., gud hvíldi af öllum verkum sínum á sjaunda degi, rested from his labours, Ver. 3.4. denoting distance; þat er komit af þjóðleið, out of the high road, remote, Eg. 369; af þjóðbraut, Grág. ii. 264, i. 15; Otradalr (a farm) var mjök af vegi, far out of the way, Háv. 53.B. TEMP, past, from, out of, beyond:1. of a person’s age, in the sense of having past a period of life; af ómaga aldri, of age, able to support oneself, Grág. i. 243; af aeskualdri, stricken in years, having past the prime of life, Eg. 202; lítið af barnsaldri, still a child, Ld. 74; ek em nú af léttasia skeiði, no longer in the prime of life, Háv. 40.2. of a part or period of time, past; eigi síðar en nótt er af þingi, a night of the session past, Grág. i. 101; þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, seven weeks past of the summer, 182; tíu vikur af sumri, Íb. 10; var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past, Háv. 41; mikið af vetri, much of the winter was past, Fas. ii. 186; þriðjungr af nótt, a third of the night past, Fms. x. 160; stund af degi, etc.; tveir mánoðr af sumri, Gþl. 103.3. in adverbial phrases such as, af stundu, soon; af bragði, at once; af tómi, at leisure, at ease; af nýju, again; af skyndingu, speedily; af bráðungu, in a hurry, etc.C. In various other relations:I. denoting the passage or transition of an object, concrete or abstract, of, from.1. where a thing is received, derived from, conferred by a person or object; þiggja lið af e-m, to derive help from, Edda 26; taka traust af e-m, to receive support, comfort from, Fms. xi. 243; taka mála af e-m, to be in one’s pay, of a soldier, Eg. 266; halda land af e-m, to hold land of any one, 282; verða viss af e-m, to get information from, 57, Nj. 130; taka við sök af manni (a law term), to undertake a case, suit, Grág. i. 142; hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy, ii. 374; vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of, Vd. 88 (old Ed., the new reads frá), Fs. 45; afla matar af eyjum, to derive supplies from, Eb. 12.2. where an object is taken by force:α. prop. out of a person’s hand; þú skalt hnykkja smíðit af honum, wrest it out of his hand, Nj. 32; cp. taka, þrífa, svipta e-u (e-t) af e-m, to wrest from.β. metaph. of a person’s deprival of anything in general; hann tók af þér konuna, carried thy wife off, Nj. 33; tók Gunnarr af þér sáðland þitt, robbed thee of seedland, 103; taka af honum tignina, to depose, degrade him, Eg. 271; vinna e-t af e-m, to carry off by force of arms, conquer, Fms. iii. 29; drepa menn af e-m, for one, slay one’s man, Eg. 417; fell þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s people fell there, 261.γ. in such phrases as, hyggja af e-u (v. afhuga), hugsa af e-u, to forget; hyggja af harmi; sjá af e-u, to lose, miss; var svá ástúðigt með þeim, at livargi þóttist mega af öðrum sjá, neither of them could take his eyes off the other, Sturl. i. 194; svá er mörg við ver sinn vær, at varla um sér hon af hoiuun nær, Skálda 163.3. denoting forfeiture; þá eru þeir útlagir, ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their priesthood, Grág. i. 24; telja hann af ráðunum fjár síns alls, to oust one, on account of idiocy or madness, 176; verða af kaupi, to be off the bargain, Edda 26; þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim, Nj. 15; ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to forfeit, a case of divorce, id.; ella er hann af rettarfari um hana, has forfeited the suit, Grág. i. 381.β. ellipt., af ferr eindagi ef, is forfeited, Grág. i. 140.II. denoting relation of a part to a whole, off, of, Lat. de; höggva hönd, höfuð, fót af e-um, to cut one’s hand, head, foot off, Nj. 97, 92, Bs. i. 674; höggva spjót af skapti, to sever the blade from the shaft, 264; hann lét þá ekki hafa af föðurarfi sínum, nothing of their patrimony, Eg. 25; vil ek at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, take what you like of the stores, Nj. 4; at þú eignist slíkt af fé okkru sem þú vili, 94.β. ellipt., en nú höfum vér kjörit, en þat er af krossinum, a slice of, Fms. vii. 89; Þórðr gaf Skólm frænda sínum af landnámi sínu, a part of, Landn. 211; hafði hann þat af hans eigu er hann vildi, Sturl. ii. 169; þar lá forkr einn ok brotið af endanum, the point broken off, Háv. 24, Sturl. i. 169.γ. absol. off; beit hann höndina af, þar sem nú heitir úlfliðr, bit the hand off, Edda 17; fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off, Nj. 97; jafnt er sem þér synist, af er fótrinn, the foot is off, id.; af bæði eyru, both ears off, Vm. 29.2. with the notion of—among; mestr skörungr af konum á Norðrlöndum, the greatest heroine in the North, Fms. i. 116; hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum í Austfjörðum, the most hopeful of youths in the Eastfirths, Njarð. 364; af ( among) öllurn hirðmönnuni virði konungr mest skáld sín, Eg. 27; ef hann vildi nokkura kaupa af þessum konum, Ld. 30; ör liggr þar útiá vegginum, ok er sú af þeirra örum, one of their own arrows, Nj. 115.β. from, among, belonging to; guð kaus hana af ollum konum sér til móður, of the Virgin Mary, Mar. A. i. 27.γ. metaph., kunna mikit (lítið) af e-u, to know much, little of, Bragi kann mest af skáldskap, is more cunning of poetry than any one else, Edda 17.δ. absol. out of, before, in preference to all others; Gunnarr bauð þér góð boð, en þú vildir eingi af taka, you would choose none of them, Nj. 77; ráða e-t af, to decide; þó mun faðir minn mestu af ráða, all depends upon him, Ld. 22; konungr kveðst því mundu heldr af trúa, preferred believing that of the two, Eg. 55; var honum ekki vildara af ván, he could expect nothing better, 364.3. with the additional sense of instrumentality, with; ferma skip af e-u, to freight a ship with, Eg. 364; hlaða mörg skip af korni, load many ships with corn, Fms. xi. 8; klyfja tvá hesta af mat, Nj. 74; var vágrinn skipaðr af herskipum, the bay was covered with war ships, 124; fylla ker af glóðum, fill it with embers, Stj. 319; fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring, Ver. 3.III. denoting the substance of which a thing is made, of; used indifferently with ór, though ór be more frequent; þeir gerðu af honum jörðina, af blóði hans sæinn ok vötnin, of the creation of the world from the corpse of the giant Ymir; the poem Gm. 40, 41, constantly uses ór in this sense, just as in modern Icelandic, Edda 5; svá skildu þeir, at allir hlutir væri smíðaðir af nokkru efni, 147 (pref.); húsit var gert af timbrstokkum, built of trunks of timber, Eg. 233; hjöhin vóru af gulli, of gold, golden, Fms. i. 17; af osti, of cheese, but in the verse 1. c. ór osti, Fms. vi. 253; línklæði af lérepti, linen, Sks. 287.2. metaph. in the phrases, göra e-t af e-n ( to dispose of), verða af ( become of), hvat hefir þú gört af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar? Njarð. 376; hvat af motrinuni er orðit, what has become of it? of a lost thing, Ld. 208; hverfr Óspakr á burt, svá eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him? Band. 5.IV. denoting parentage, descent, origin, domicile, abode:1. parentage, of, from, used indifferently with frá; ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, descend from them, but a little below—frá honum eru konmir Sturlungar, Eb. 338, cp. afkvæmi; af ætt Hörðakára, Fms. i. 287; kominn af Trojumönnum, xi. 416; af Ása-ætt (Kb. wrongly at), Edda I.β. metaph., vera af Guði (theol.), of God, = righteous, 686 B. 9; illr ávöxtr af íllri rót, Fms. ii. 48; Asia er kölluð af nafni nokkurar konu, derives her name from, Stj. 67; af honum er bragr kallaðr skáldskapr, called after his name, Edda 17.2. of domicile; af danskri tungu, of Danish or Scandinavian origin, speaking the Danish tongue, Grág. ii. 73; hvaðan af löndum, whence, native of what country? Ísl.β. especially denoting a man’s abode, and answering to á and í, the name of the farm (or country) being added to proper names, (as in Scotland,) to distinguish persons of the same name; Hallr af Síðu, Nj. 189; Erlingr af Straumey, 273; Ástríðr af Djúpárbakka, 39; Gunnarr af Hlíðarenda (more usual frá); þorir haklangr konungr af Ögðum, king of Agdir, Eg. 35, etc.; cp. ór and frá.V. denoting a person with whom an act, feeling, etc. originates, for the most part with a periphrastic passive:1. by, the Old Engl. of; as, ek em sendr hingað af Starkaði ok sonum hans, sent hither by, Nj. 94; inna e-t af hendi, to perform, 257; þó at alþýða væri skírð af kennimönnum, baptized of, Fms. ii. 158; meira virðr af mönnum, higher esteemed, Ld. 158; ástsæll af landsmönnum, beloved, íb. 16; vinsæll af mönnum, Nj. 102; í allgóðu yfirlæti af þeim feðgum, hospitably treated by them, Eg. 170; var þá nokkut drukkið af alþjóð, there was somewhat hard drinking of the people, Sturl. iii. 229; mun þat ekki upp tekið af þeim sükudólgum mínum, they will not clutch at that, Nj. 257; ef svá væri í hendr þér búit af mér, if í had so made everything ready to thy hands, Ld. 130; þá varð fárætt um af föður hans, his father said little about it, Fms. ii. 154.2. it is now also sometimes used as a periphrase of a nom., e. g. ritað, þýtt af e-m, written, translated, edited by, but such phrases scarcely occur in old writers.VI. denoting cause, ground, reason:1. originating from, on account of, by reason of; af frændsemis sökum, for kinship’s sake, Grág. ii. 72; ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds, 27; af manna völdum, by violence, not by natural accident, of a crime, Nj. 76; af fortölum Halls, through his pleading, 255; af ástsæld hans ok af tölum þeirra Sæmundar, by his popularity and the eloquence of S., Íb. 16; af ráðum Haralds konungs, by his contriving, Landn. 157; úbygðr af frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold, Hkr. i. 5.β. adverbially, af því, therefore, Nj. 78; af hví, why? 686 B. 9; þá verðr bóndi heiðinn af barni sínu, viz. if he does not cause his child to be christened, K. Þ. K. 20.2. denoting instrumentality, by means of; af sinu fé, by one’s own means, Grág. i. 293; framfæra e-n af verkum sinum, by means of one’s own labour, K. Þ. K. 142; draga saman auð af sökum, ok vælum ok kaupum, make money by, 623. I; af sínum kostnaði, at hi s own expense, Hkr. i. 217.β. absol., hún fellir á mik dropa svá heita at ek brenn af öll, Ld. 328; hann fékk af hina mestu sæmd, derived great honotur from it, Nj. 88; elli sótti á hendr honum svá at hann lagðist í rekkju af, he grew bedridden from age, Ld. 54; komast undan af hlaupi, escape by running, Fms. viii. 58; spinna garn af rokki, spin off a wheel (now, spinna á rokk), from a notion of instrumentality, or because of the thread being spun out (?), Eb. 92.3. denoting proceeding, originating from; lýsti af höndum hennar, her hands spread beams of light, Edda 22; allir heimar lýstust ( were illuminated) af henni, id.; en er lýsti af degi, when the day broke forth, Fms. ii. 16; lítt var lýst af degi, the day was just beginning to break, Ld. 46; þá tók at myrkja af nótt, the ‘mirk-time’ of night began to set in, Eg. 230; tók þá brátt at myrkva af nótt, the night grew dark, Hkr. ii. 230.4. metaph., standa, leiða, hljótast af, to be caused by, result from; opt hlýtst íllt af kvenna hjali, great mischief is wrought by women’s gossip (a proverb), Gísl. 15, 98; at af þeim mundi mikit mein ok úhapp standa, be caused by, Edda 18; kenna kulda af ráðum e-s, to feel sore from, Eb. 42; þó mun her hljótast af margs manns bani, Nj, 90.5. in adverbial phrases, denoting state of mind; af mikilli æði, in fury, Nj. 116; af móð, in great emotion, Fms. xi. 221; af áhyggju, with concern, i. 186; af létta, frankly, iii. 91; af viti, collectedly, Grág. ii. 27; af heilu, sincerely, Eg. 46; áf fári, in rage; af æðru, timidly, Nj. (in a verse); af setning, composedly, in tune, Fms. iii. 187; af mikilli frægð, gallantly, Fas. i. 261; af öllu afli, with all might, Grág. ii. 41; af riki, violently, Fbr. (in a verse); af trúnaði, confidently, Grág. i. 400.VII. denoting regard to, of, concerning, in respect of, as regards:1. with verbs, denoting to tell of, be informed, inquire about, Lat. de; Dioscorides segir af grasi því, speaks of, 655 xxx. 5; er menn spurðu af landinu, inquired about it, Landn. 30; halda njósn af e-u, Nj. 104; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, Eg. 546, Band. 8.β. absol., hann mun spyrja, hvárt þér sé nokkut af kunnigt hversu for með okkr, whether you know anything about, how, Nj. 33; halda skóla af, to hold a school in a science, 656 A. i. 19 (sounds like a Latinism); en ek gerða þik sera mestan mann af öllu, in respect of all, that you should get all the honour of it, Nj. 78.2. with adjectives such as mildr, illr, góðrafe-u, denoting disposition or character in respect to; alira manna mildastr af fo, very liberal, often-banded, Fms. vii. 197; mildr af gulli, i. 33; góðr af griðum, merciful, Al. 33; íllr af mat en mildr af gulli, Fms. i. 53; fastr af drykk, close, stingy in regard to, Sturl. ii. 125; gat þess Hildigunnr at þú mundir góðr af hestinum, that you would be good about the horse, Nj. 90, cp. auðigr at, v. at, which corresponds to the above phrases; cp. also the phrase af sér above, p. 4, col. I, ll. 50 sqq.VIII. periphrasis of a genitive (rare); provincialis af öllum Predikaraklaustrum, Fms. x. 76; vera af hinum mesta fjandskap, to breathe deep hatred to, be on bad terms with, ix. 220; af hendi, af hálfu e-s, on one’s behalf, v. those words.IX. in adverbial phrases; as, af launungu, secretly; af hljóði, silently; v. those words.β. also used absolutely with a verb, almost adverbially, nearly in the signification off, away; hann bað þá róa af fjörðinn, pass the firth swiftly by rowing, row the firth off, Fms. ix. 502; var pá af farit þat seni skerjóttast var, was past, sailed past, Ld. 142; ok er þeir höfðu af fjórðung, past one fourth of the way, Dropl. 10: skína af, to clear up, of the skv, Eb. 152; hence in common language, skína af sér, when the sun breaks forth: sofa af nóttina, to sleep it away, Fms. ii. 98; leið af nóttin, the night past away, Nj. 53; dvelja af stundir, to kill the time, Band. 8; drepa af, to kill; láta af, to slaughter, kill off;γ. in exclamations; af tjöldin, off with the awnings, Bs. i. 420, Fins, ix. 49.δ. in the phrases, þar af, thence; hér af, hence, Fms. ii. 102; af fram, straight on, Nj. 144; now, á fram, on, advance.X. it often refers to a whole sentence or to an adverb, not only like other prepp. to hér, hvar, þar, but also redundantly to hvaðan, héðan, þaðan, whence, hence, thence.2. the preposition may sometimes be repeated, once elliptically or adverbially, and once properly, e. g. en er af var borit at borðinu, the cloth was taken off from the table, Nj. 176; Guð þerrir af (off, away) hvert tár af ( from) augum heilagra manna, God wipes off every tear from the eyes of his saints, 655 xx. vii. 17; skal þó fyrst bætr af lúka af fé vegaiula, pay off, from, Gþl. 160, the last af may be omitted—var þá af borið borðinu—and the prep. thus be separated from its case, or it may refer to some of the indecl. relatives er or sem, the prep. hvar, hér, þar being placed behind them without a case, and referring to the preceding relative, e. g. oss er þar mikit af sagt auð þeim, we have been told much about these riches, Band. 24; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, in short, shortly. Eg. 546; þaðan af veit ek, thence í infer, know, Fms. i. 97.XI. it is moreover connected with a great many verbs besides those mentioned above, e. g. bera af, to excel, whence afbragð, afbrigði; draga af, to detract, deduct, hence afdráttr; veita ekki af, to be hard with; ganga at, to be left, hence afgangr; standast af um e-t, to stand, how matters stand; sem af tekr, at a furious rate; vita af, to be conscious, know about (vide VII).D. As a prefix to compounds distinction is to be made between:I. af privativum, denoting diminution, want, deduction, loss, separation, negation of, etc., answering indifferently to Lat. ab-, de-, ex-, dis-, and rarely to re- and se-, v. the following COMPDS, such as segja, dicere, but afsegja, negare; rækja, colere, but afrækja, negligere; aflaga, contra legem; skapligr, normalis, afskapligr, deformis; afvik, recessus; afhús, afhellir, afdalr, etc.II. af intensivum, etymologically different, and akin to of, afr-, e. g. afdrykkja = ofdrykkja, inebrietas; afbrýði, jealously; afbendi, tenesmus; afglapi, vir fatuus, etc. etc. Both the privative and the intensive af may be contracted into á, esp. before a labial f, m, v, e. g. á fram = af fram; ábrýði = afbrýði; ávöxtr = afvöxtr; áburðr = afburðr; ávíta = afvíta (?). In some cases dubious. With extenuated and changed vowel; auvirðiligr or övirðiligr, depreciated, = afv- etc., v. those words. -
44 точа
1. sharpen(на точило) grind(на брус) whet(на ремък) strop(на струг) turnточа си зъбите (за ядене) lick o.'s chops, прен. (в очакване на нещо) be all agog (for), be all set (for)точа зъбя срещу някого have a crow to pick with s.o.have a grudge against s.o2. (течност) draw; tapточа вино tap wine4. (нишка) spin; drawточа ce5. (за хора) come dawdling along6. (за течност) trickle(за дим и пр.) curl/wind up (wards)7. (за сироп и пр.) be/become ropy/stringy8. точи се (за пиво) be on tap/draughtтук се точи бира beer on tap* * *то̀ча,гл., мин. св. деят. прич. то̀чил sharpen; (на точило) grind; (на брус) whet; (на ремък) strop; (на струг) turn; • \точа зъби (за ядене) lick o.’s chops, прен. (в очакване на нещо) be all agog (for), be all set (for); \точа зъби срещу някого have a crow to pick with s.o.; have a grudge against s.o.——————гл., мин. св. деят. прич. то̀чил 1. ( течност) draw; tap; \точа вино tap wine;2. ( тесто) roll (out);3. ( нишка) spin; draw;\точа се 1. (за хора) come dawdling along, dribble (away);* * *draw ; tap: точа wine - точа вино; trickle: the water точаs - водата се точи; spin (нишка); (наострям): turn (на струг); sharpen ; roll {rxul} (тесто)* * *1. (за дим и пр.) curl/wind up(wards) 2. (за сироп и пр.) be/ become ropy/stringy 3. (за течност) trickle 4. (за хора) come dawdling along 5. (на брус) whet 6. (на ремък) strop 7. (на струг) turn 8. (на точило) grind 9. (нишка) spin;draw 10. (тесто) roll (out) 11. 1 sharpen 12. 2 (течност) draw;tap 13. have a grudge against s.o 14. ТОЧА ce 15. ТОЧА вино tap wine 16. ТОЧА зъбя срещу някого have a crow to pick with s.o. 17. ТОЧА си зъбите (за ядене) lick o.'s chops, прен. (в очакване на нещо) be all agog (for), be all set (for) 18. точи се (за пиво) be on tap/draught 19. тук се точи бира beer on tap -
45 Turn
v. trans.P. and V. τρέπειν, στρέφειν, ἐπιστρέφειν.Translate: P. μεταφέρειν.Let us turn our steps from this path: V. ἔξω τρίβου τοῦδʼ ἴχνος ἀλλαξώμεθα (Eur., El. 103).Turn a corner: Ar. and V. κάμπτειν.Where are you turning your head? Ar. τὴν κεφάλην ποῖ περιάγεις; ( Pax, 682).Turn one's neck: P. περιάγειν τὸν αὐχένα (Plat., Rep. 515C).Turn on a lathe: Ar. and P. τορνεύειν.V. intrans. P. and V. τρέπεσθαι, στρέφεσθαι, ἐπιστρέφεσθαι.Turn in the race-course: V. κάμπτειν (Soph., El. 744).Become: P. and V. γίγνεσθαι.Turn about: see Turn back (Turn).Turn against, estrange, v. trans.: P. ἀλλοτριοῦν, ἀπαλλοτριοῦν.Embroil: Ar. and P. διιστάναι.Betray: P. and V. προδιδόναι.Turn from its course: P. παρατρέπειν, P. and V. ἐκτρέπειν, ὑπεκτρέπειν, V. παρεκτρέπειν, διαστρέφειν; see Divert.Turn aside, v. intrans.: P. and V. ἐκτρέπεσθαι, ὑπεκτρέπεσθαι, ἀποτρέπεσθαι, ἀποστρέφειν (or pass.), P. παρατρέπεσθαι, ἐκκλίνειν.Turn away: see Turn aside (Turn).Send back: Ar. and P. ἀποπέμπειν.Turn back, v. intrans.: P. and V. ἀποστρέφειν (or pass.), ὑποστρέφειν (or pass.), ἀναστρέφειν, Ar. and P. ἐπαναστρέφειν.Turn from, v. trans., deter: Ar. and P. ἀποτρέπειν; see deter; v. intrans., V. ἀποτρέπεσθαι (acc.), Ar. and V. ἀποστρέφεσθαι (acc.) (also Xen.), P. ἀποτρέπεσθαι ἐκ (gen.).Desist from: P. and V. ἀφίστασθαι (gen.), ἐξίστασθαι (gen.), V. μεθίστασθαι (gen.).Turn into, change into, v. trans.: P. μεταλλάσσειν (εἰς. acc.).Turn into a beast: V. ἐκθηριοῦσθαι.Change into: P. μεταβαίνειν εἰς (acc.), μεταβάλλειν εἰς (acc.) or ἐπί (acc.).Turn out, manufacture, v. trans.: see Manufacture.Be turned out of doors: P. and V. ἐκπίπτειν.Turn out, result, v. intrans.: P. and V. ἐκβαίνειν, τελευτᾶν, ἐξέρχεσθαι, P. ἀποβαίνειν, V. τελεῖν, ἐξήκειν, ἐκτελευτᾶν, Ar. and P. συμφέρεσθαι.Turn over in one's mind: see Ponder.Turn over a new leaf: V. μεθαρμόζεσθαι βελτίω βίον (Eur., Alc. 1157).Turn round, v. trans.: P. and V. ἀνακυκλεῖν (pass. in Plat.), ἐπιστρέφειν, περιάγειν (Eur., Cycl. 686).Change: P. περιίστασθαι.Not turning round, adj.: V. ἄστροφος (Soph., O. C. 490).Turn tail: P. and V. ὑποστρέφειν, V. νωτίζειν; fly.Turn to, have recourse to: P. and V. τρέπεσθαι πρός (acc.), P. καταφεύγειν εἰς, or πρός (acc.), V. φεύγειν εἰς (acc.).Turn to account: P. and V. χρῆσθαι (dat.).Capsize: V. ὑπτιοῦσθαι.——————subs.Opportunity: P. and V. ὥρα, ἡ, καιρός, ὁ.Turn of the scale, met.: P. and V. ῥοπή, ἡ.Twist, trick: P. and V. στροφή, ἡ.He will wait the turn of events: P. προσεδρεύσει τοῖς πράγμασι (Dem. 14).The pair had hardly taken two or three turns ( in walking) when Clinias enters: P. οὔπω τούτω δύʼ ἢ τρεῖς δρόμους περιεληλυθότε ἤτην καὶ εἰσέρχεται Κλεινίας (Plat., Euthy. 273A).Duty coming round by rotation: P. and V. μέρος, τό.In order: P. and V. ἐφεξῆς, ἑξῆς.By relays: P. κατʼ ἀναπαύλας.Alternately: P. and V. παραλλάξ.In turn: P. and V. ἐν μέρει, ἐν τῷ μέρει.I will speak in your turn: P. ἐγὼ ἐρῶ ἐν τῷ σῷ μέρει (Plat., Symp. 185D).In return: P. and V. αὖ, αὖθις.In compounds: use ἀντι, e. g.hear in turn: P. and V. ἀντακούειν (Xen.).Be captured in turn: V. αὖθις ἀνθαλίσκεσθαι.Out of turn: P. παρὰ τὸ μέρος (Xen.).They took it in turns to sleep and do the rowing: P. οἱ μὲν ὕπνος, ἡροῦντο κατὰ μέρος, οἱ δὲ ἤλαυνον (Thuc. 3, 49).Taking one's turn: use adj., P. and V. διάδοχος.Woodhouse English-Greek dictionary. A vocabulary of the Attic language > Turn
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46 whirl
I [wɜːl] [AE hwɜːl]1) (swirl) turbine m., mulinello m.; fig. (of activity) turbine m., turbinio m.2) (spiral motif) spirale f.••II 1. [wɜːl] [AE hwɜːl]to give sth. a whirl — colloq. = provare qcs
2) (whisk)2.to whirl sb. along, away — tirare, portare via qcn. in gran fretta
1) (swirl) [ dancer] volteggiare; [ propeller] ruotare; [snowflakes, dust, thoughts] turbinare, mulinare2) (whizz)•* * *[wə:l] 1. verb(to move rapidly (round, away etc): She whirled round when I called her name; The wind whirled my hat away before I could grab it.) girarsi; (far turbinare/volteggiare)2. noun1) (an excited confusion: a whirl of activity; My head's in a whirl - I can't believe it's all happening!) turbinio2) (a rapid turn.) rotazione•- whirlwind* * *[wɜːl]1. n2. vt(also: whirl round) (dance partner) far roteare, far volteggiarehe whirled us round the town — ci ha fatto visitare la città a tutta velocità or in un baleno
3. vi(also: whirl round) (wheel, merry-go-round) girare, (dancers) volteggiare, (leaves, dust) sollevarsi in un vortice* * *whirl /wɜ:l/n. (solo al sing.)2 (fig.) attività frenetica; turbinio: the whirl of traffic in a big city, il turbinio del traffico in una grande città● (fam.) Give it a whirl!, provaci!; fai un tentativo!(to) whirl /wɜ:l/A v. i.1 girare; roteare; piroettare; frullare ( anche fig.); vorticare; turbinare: The roulette wheel whirled incessantly, la ruota della roulette girava di continuo; The Carnival confetti whirled in the air, i coriandoli del carnevale turbinavano nell'aria; the thoughts that whirl in my head, i pensieri che mi frullano per il capo4 ( di un veicolo; di solito to whirl away, to whirl out) allontanarsi rapidamente; correre via: The carriage whirled away, la carrozza si è allontanata rapidamente; The taxi whirled out of sight, in un batter d'occhio il taxi scomparve alla vistaB v. t.1 far girare; far turbinare; roteare; far volteggiare3 ( di solito to whirl away) portare via in tutta fretta; trascinare via (alla svelta): The man was whirled away by the ambulance, l'uomo è stato portato via in tutta fretta dall'ambulanza● to whirl round, girare (o far girare) in tondo; girarsi di scatto; ruotare; ( di ballerini) piroettare.* * *I [wɜːl] [AE hwɜːl]1) (swirl) turbine m., mulinello m.; fig. (of activity) turbine m., turbinio m.2) (spiral motif) spirale f.••II 1. [wɜːl] [AE hwɜːl]to give sth. a whirl — colloq. = provare qcs
2) (whisk)2.to whirl sb. along, away — tirare, portare via qcn. in gran fretta
1) (swirl) [ dancer] volteggiare; [ propeller] ruotare; [snowflakes, dust, thoughts] turbinare, mulinare2) (whizz)• -
47 turn
A n1 (opportunity, in rotation) tour m ; to wait one's turn attendre son tour ; it's my turn gen c'est mon tour ; ( in game) c'est à moi de jouer ; whose turn is it? gen c'est à qui le tour? ; ( in game) c'est à qui de jouer? ; ‘miss a turn’ ‘passez votre tour’ ; to be sb's turn to do être à qn or au tour de qn de faire ; it's your turn to make the coffee c'est à toi or à ton tour de faire le café ; it was his turn to feel rejected il se sentait rejeté à son tour ; to have a turn on or at or with the computer utiliser l'ordinateur à son tour ; to have a turn at driving prendre son tour de conduite ; to take turns at doing, to take it in turns to do faire qch à tour de rôle ; to do sth turn and turn about faire qch à tour de rôle ; take it in turns! chacun son tour! ; by turns tour à tour ; to feel happy and depressed by turns être tour à tour heureux et malheureux ; to speak out of turn fig commettre un impair ; I hope I haven't spoken out of turn j'espère ne pas avoir commis d'impair ;2 ( circular movement) tour m ; to give sth a turn tourner qch ; to give sth half a turn to the left faire tourner qch d'un demi-tour vers la gauche ; to do a turn [dancer] faire un tour ; to take a turn in the park faire un tour dans le parc ;3 ( in vehicle) virage m ; a 90° turn un virage à 90° ; to make ou do a left/right turn tourner à gauche/à droite ; to do a turn in the road faire un demi-tour ; ‘no left turn’ ‘défense de tourner à gauche’ ;4 (bend, side road) tournant m, virage m ; there's a left turn ahead il y a un tournant or virage à gauche plus loin ; brake before you go into the turn freinez avant de prendre le virage ; take the next right turn, take the next turn on the right prenez la prochaine (rue) à droite ;5 (change, development) tournure f ; the turn of events la tournure des événements ; this is an extraordinary turn of events les événements ont pris une tournure extraordinaire ; to take an encouraging/a worrying turn [events] prendre une tournure encourageante/inquiétante ; to take a turn for the better [person, situation] s'améliorer ; [things, events] prendre une meilleure tournure ; to take a turn for the worse [situation] se dégrader ; [health] s'aggraver ; she has taken a turn for the worse elle va de plus en plus mal ; to be on the turn [luck, milk] commencer à tourner ; [tide] commencer à changer ; ⇒ century ;6 ○ GB ( attack) crise f, attaque f ; she's had one of her turns again elle a eu une nouvelle crise or attaque ; a giddy ou dizzy turn un vertige ; to have a funny turn se sentir tout/-e chose ○ ; it gave me quite a turn, it gave me a nasty turn ça m'a fait un coup ○ ;7 ( act) numéro m ; a comic/variety turn un numéro comique/de variété ; to do a/one's turn faire un/son numéro.1 ( in rotation) [answer, speak] à tour de rôle ; she spoke to each of us in turn elle nous a parlé chacun à notre tour ;2 ( linking sequence) à son tour ; this in turn leads to higher inflation ceci à son tour fait augmenter l'inflation ; I invited Andrew who in turn invited Robert j'ai invité Andrew qui à son tour a invité Robert.C vtr1 ( rotate) [person] tourner [knob, wheel, handle] ; serrer [screw] ; [mechanism] faire tourner [cog, wheel] ; to turn sth to the right/left tourner qch vers la droite/gauche ; to turn sth to ‘on’/‘off’ tourner qch sur (la position) ‘marche’/‘arrêt’ ; to turn a switch through 90 degrees faire tourner un sélecteur de 90 degrés ; to turn sth halfway/the wrong way tourner qch d'un demi-tour/dans le mauvais sens ; to turn the key in the door ou lock ( lock up) fermer la porte à clé ; ( unlock) tourner la clé dans la serrure ; to turn the key on sb enfermer qn à clé ;2 (turn over, reverse) retourner [mattress, soil, steak, collar] ; tourner [page] ; to turn sb onto his side/back retourner qn sur le côté/dos ; to turn one's ankle se tordre la cheville ; it turns my stomach cela me soulève le cœur, cela m'écœure ;3 ( change direction of) tourner [chair, head, face, car] ; to turn a picture to the wall tourner un tableau face au mur ; to turn one's face towards tourner le visage vers ; to turn one's steps towards tourner or diriger ses pas vers ; to turn one's attention ou mind to tourner son attention vers ; to turn one's back on lit tourner le dos à [group, place] ; fig laisser tomber [friend, ally] ; abandonner [homeless, needy] ; as soon as my back is turned lit, fig dès que j'ai le dos tourné ; to turn one' s back on the past tourner la page ; to turn sb from one's door chasser qn ;4 (focus, direction of) to turn sth on sb braquer qch sur qn [gun, hose, torch] ; fig diriger qch sur qn [anger, scorn] ;5 ( transform) to turn sth white/black blanchir/noircir qch ; to turn sth milky/opaque rendre qch laiteux/opaque ; to turn sth into transformer qch en [office, car park, desert] ; to turn water into ice/wine changer de l'eau en glace/vin ; to turn a book into a film adapter un livre pour l'écran ; turn your old newspapers into cash! convertissez vos vieux journaux en argent! ; to turn sb into [magician] changer qn en [frog] ; [experience] faire de qn [extrovert, maniac] ; it turned him from a normal child into a delinquent cela a transformé l'enfant normal qu'il était en délinquant ; to stand there as if turned to stone rester là comme pétrifié ;6 ( deflect) détourner [person, conversation] ; to turn the conversation towards ou onto sth détourner or faire dévier la conversation vers qch ; to turn sb from a course of action/from her purpose détourner qn d'une ligne de conduite/de son but ;7 ○ ( pass the age of) he has turned 50 il a 50 ans passés ; she has just turned 20/30 elle vient d'avoir 20/30 ans ; as soon as I turn 18 dès que j'aurai mes 18 ans ; it's just turned five o'clock il est cinq heures passées ;10 ( in espionage) retourner [spy, agent].D vi1 ( change direction) [person, car, plane, road] tourner ; [ship] virer ; to turn (to the) left/right tourner à gauche/droite ; to turn to the east/the west tourner à l'est/l'ouest ; to turn down ou into tourner dans [street, alley] ; to turn off quitter [main road, street] ; to turn towards tourner en direction de [village, mountains] ; I turned towards home j'ai repris le chemin de la maison ; her thoughts turned to her family ses pensées se sont tournées vers sa famille ; the conversation turned to Ellie on en est venu/ils en sont venus à parler d'Ellie ; he later turned to teaching plus tard il s'est tourné vers l'enseignement ;2 ( reverse direction) [person, vehicle] faire demi-tour ; [tide] changer ; [luck] tourner ; there's no room for the bus to turn le bus n'a pas assez de place pour faire demi- tour ; ‘no turning’ ( in driveway) ‘propriété privée, défense d'entrer’ ; ⇒ turn around ;3 ( revolve) [key, wheel, planet] tourner ; [person] se tourner (to, towards vers) ; to turn on its axis tourner sur son axe ; a key turned in the lock une clé a tourné dans la serrure ; to turn in one's chair se retourner dans sa chaise ; to turn and face the camera se tourner vers la caméra ; to turn and walk out of the room faire demi-tour et sortir de la pièce ; to turn to do se retourner pour faire ; to turn to face sth se retourner vers qch ; to turn and fight se retourner pour se battre ; to turn to lie on one's side se tourner pour se mettre sur le côté ; I turned once again to my book/my work j'ai repris encore une fois ma lecture/mon travail ;4 fig ( hinge) to turn on [argument] tourner autour de [point, issue] ; [outcome] dépendre de [factor] ;6 fig (resort to, rely on) to turn to se tourner vers [person, religion] ; to turn to drink se mettre à boire ; to turn to drugs commencer à se droguer ; to turn to sb for se tourner vers qn pour demander [help, advice, money] ; I don't know who to turn to for advice je ne sais vers qui me tourner pour demander conseil ; I don't know where ou which way to turn je ne sais plus où donner la tête ○ ;7 ( change) to turn into [tadpole] se transformer en [frog] ; [sofa] se transformer en [bed] ; [situation, evening] tourner à [farce, disaster] ; [conversation] tourner à [shouting match] ; ( magically) [person] se transformer en [animal, prince etc] ; to turn to [substance] se changer en [ice, gold etc] ; [fear, surprise] faire place à [horror, relief] ; his hopes had turned to dust ses espoirs étaient réduits en poussière ;8 ( become by transformation) devenir [pale, cloudy, green] ; to turn white/black/red gen blanchir/noircir/rougir ; Chem virer au blanc/noir/rouge ; the weather is turning cold/warm le temps se rafraîchit/se réchauffe ; events turned tragic les événements ont tourné au tragique ;9 ○ ( have change of heart) devenir [Conservative, Communist] ; businesswoman turned politician ancienne femme d'affaires devenue politicienne ; to turn ○ Catholic/Muslim se convertir au catholicisme/à l'islam ; to turn traitor se mettre à trahir ;10 ( go sour) [milk] tourner ;11 [trees, leaves] jaunir.at every turn à chaque instant, à tout moment ; one good turn deserves another Prov c'est un prêté pour un rendu ; to be done to a turn être cuit à point ; to do sb a good turn rendre un service à qn ; to feel another turn of the screw sentir la pression augmenter encore.■ turn against:▶ turn against [sb/sth] se retourner contre ;▶ turn [sb] against retourner [qn] contre [person, ideology].■ turn around:1 ( to face other way) [person] se retourner, faire demi-tour (to do pour faire) ; [bus, vehicle] faire demi-tour ;2 fig you can't just turn around and say you've changed your mind tu ne peux pas tout simplement dire que tu as changé d'avis ; what if he just turns around and says no? et si jamais il disait non? ;3 (revolve, rotate) [object, windmill, dancer] tourner ;4 ( change trend) the market has turned around il y a eu un renversement de situation sur le marché ; sales have turned round il y a eu un renversement de tendance dans les ventes ;5 Transp ( unload and reload) décharger et charger ;▶ turn [sth] around, turn around [sth]1 ( to face other way) tourner [qch] dans l'autre sens [car, chair, piano, head, baby] ;2 ( reverse decline in) redresser [situation, economy, company] ; redresser la situation de [political party, factory] ;3 Transp ( unload and reload) décharger et mettre en état de repartir [plane, ship] ; the plane can be turned around in an hour l'avion peut être déchargé et prêt à reprendre l'air en une heure ;4 ( rephrase) reformuler [question, sentence].■ turn aside se détourner (from de).■ turn away:▶ turn away se détourner ; to turn away in disgust/horror se détourner avec dégoût/horreur ;▶ turn [sth] away, turn away [sth] détourner [head, torch] ;▶ turn [sb] away, turn away [sb] refuser [spectator, applicant] ; ne pas laisser entrer [salesman, caller] ; chasser [beggar] ; I was turned away from the Ritz on ne m'a pas laissé entrer au Ritz.■ turn back:1 ( turn around) ( usu on foot) rebrousser chemin ; ( usu in vehicle) faire demi-tour ; it's too late to turn back lit il est trop tard pour faire demi-tour ; fig il est trop tard pour revenir en arrière ; there's no turning back fig il n'est pas question de revenir en arrière ;2 ( in book) revenir (to à) ;▶ turn [sth] back, turn back [sth]1 ( rotate backwards) reculer [dial, clock] ; to turn one's watch back five minutes retarder sa montre de cinq minutes ;▶ turn [sb] back, turn back [sb] faire faire demi-tour à, refouler [marchers, refugees, heavy vehicles] ; to be turned back at the border être refoulé à la frontière.■ turn down:▶ turn down [graph, curve] descendre ; his mouth turns down at the corners il a une bouche aux commissures tombantes ;▶ turn [sth] down, turn down [sth]1 ( reduce) baisser [volume, radio, heating, light, gas] ;▶ turn [sb/sth] down, turn down [sb/sth] refuser [suitor, candidate, request, application] ; rejeter [offer, suggestion].■ turn in:▶ turn in1 ○ ( go to bed) aller se coucher ;2 ( point inwards) his toes turn in il a les pieds tournés en dedans ; to turn in on itself [leaf, page] se recroqueviller ; to turn in on oneself fig se replier sur soi-même ;▶ turn in [sth], turn [sth] in ○1 ( hand in) rendre [membership, badge, homework] ;2 ( produce) to turn in a profit rapporter un bénéfice ; to turn in a good performance [player] bien jouer ; [company] avoir de bons résultats ; [currency, share] augmenter ;3 (give up, stop) laisser tomber ○ [job, activity] ;▶ turn [sb] in, turn in [sb] livrer [suspect] (to à) ;▶ turn oneself in se livrer.■ turn off:▶ turn off1 ( leave road) tourner ; turn off at the next exit prends la prochaine sortie ;2 [motor, fan] s'arrêter ; where does the light turn off? où est-ce qu'on éteint la lumière? ;▶ turn off [sth], turn [sth] off éteindre [light, oven, TV, radio, computer] ; fermer [tap] ; couper [water, gas, electricity, engine] ; turn that rubbish off! ○ éteins-moi ça! ○ ;■ turn on:▶ turn on [oven, device] s'allumer ;▶ turn on [sth], turn [sth] on allumer [light, oven, TV, radio, computer, gas, electricity] ; ouvrir [tap] ; to turn the water back on rouvrir l'eau ; to turn the electricity back on rétablir le courant ; to turn sth on like a tap fig faire qch sur commande ; to turn on the pressure fig mettre la pression ; ⇒ charm, heat ;▶ turn [sb] on, turn on [sb] ○ exciter ; to be turned on être excité (by par) ; to turn sb on to sth ○ brancher ○ qn sur [drug].■ turn out:▶ turn out1 ( be eventually) to turn out well/badly bien/mal se terminer ; to turn out differently prendre une tournure différente ; to turn out all right s'arranger ; it depends how things turn out cela dépend de la façon dont les choses vont tourner ; that child will turn out badly cet enfant tournera mal ; to turn out to be ( prove to be) se révéler, s'avérer être ; to turn out to be wrong se révéler faux ; the job turned out (to be) difficult finalement le travail a été difficile, le travail s'est avéré difficile fml ; it turned out to be a good decision finalement cela a été une bonne décision, cela s'est avéré être une bonne décision fml ; it turns out that il se trouve que, il s'avère que ; it turned out (that) she knew him il s'est trouvé qu'elle le connaissait ; as it turned out en fin de compte ;2 ( come out) [crowd, people] venir (to do pour faire ; for à) ; the fans turn out every Saturday les fans sont là tous les samedis ; we had to turn out at six GB il fallait être là à six heures ;3 ( point outwards) his toes ou feet turn out il a les pieds tournés en dehors ;▶ turn [sth] out, turn out [sth]1 ( turn off) éteindre [light] ;4 to turn one's toes ou feet out marcher en canard ;▶ turn [sb] out, turn out [sb]1 ( evict) mettre [qn] à la porte ; to turn sb out into the street jeter qn à la rue ;■ turn over:1 ( roll over) [person] se retourner ; [car] se retourner, faire un tonneau ; [boat] se retourner, chavirer ; to turn over and over [person, object] faire plusieurs tours ; [car] faire plusieurs tonneaux ;2 ( turn page) tourner la page ;3 [engine] se mettre en marche ;▶ turn [sth/sb] over, turn over [sth/sb]1 ( turn) tourner [page, paper] ; retourner [card, object, mattress, soil, baby, patient] ; faire chavirer [ship] ; he turned the car over sa voiture a fait un tonneau ;2 ( hand over) remettre [object, money, find, papers] (to à) ; livrer [person, fugitive] (to à) ; remettre la succession de [company, business] (to à) ; transmettre [control, power] (to à) ; I'm turning the new recruits over to you les nouvelles recrues sont à vous ;3 ( reflect) I've been turning it over in my mind j'y ai bien réfléchi ;6 [battery, starter motor] faire tourner [engine].■ turn to† GB se mettre au travail, s'y mettre.■ turn up:▶ turn up1 (arrive, show up) arriver, se pointer ○ (to, at à ; for pour) ; to turn up late arriver en retard ; to turn up in jeans se pointer ○ en jean ; she didn't turn up elle ne s'est pas pointée ○ ; guess who turned up at the station devine qui s'est pointé ○ à la gare ;2 ( be found) don't worry-it will turn up ne t'inquiète pas-tu finiras par le retrouver ;3 ( present itself) [opportunity, job] se présenter ; something will turn up (for me/for you etc) je finirai/tu finiras etc par trouver quelque chose ;▶ turn up [sth], turn [sth] up1 (increase, intensify) augmenter [heating, lighting, volume, gas] ; mettre [qch] plus fort [TV, radio, music] ;3 ( discover) déterrer [buried object] ; [person] dénicher ○ [discovery, information] ; facts turned up by the inquiry faits révélés or mis au jour par l'enquête. -
48 telaraña
f.cobweb, gossamer, spider's thread, spider's web.* * *1 cobweb, spider's web* * *SF cobweb, spider's web* * *femenino spiderweb (AmE), spider's web (BrE); ( polvorienta) cobwebmirar las telarañas — to have one's head in the clouds
sacudirse las telarañas — to blow the cobwebs away
* * *= spider web, web, cobweb.Ex. A spider web of metal, sealed in a thin glass container, a wire heated to brilliant glow, in short, the thermionic tube of radio sets is made by the hundred million, tossed about in packages, plugged into sockets -- and it works!.Ex. A child may find through reading a book that a dull day is transformed because he has met a talking pig and a spider that can write in 'Charlotte's web'.Ex. The article is entitled 'The World Wide Web: spun in gold or just a cobweb?'.----* quitar las telarañas = dust off + the cobwebs.* sacudir las telarañas = blow + the cobwebs away/off/out.* sacudirse las telarañas = blow + the cobwebs away/off/out.* tejer una telaraña = draw + web.* * *femenino spiderweb (AmE), spider's web (BrE); ( polvorienta) cobwebmirar las telarañas — to have one's head in the clouds
sacudirse las telarañas — to blow the cobwebs away
* * *= spider web, web, cobweb.Ex: A spider web of metal, sealed in a thin glass container, a wire heated to brilliant glow, in short, the thermionic tube of radio sets is made by the hundred million, tossed about in packages, plugged into sockets -- and it works!.
Ex: A child may find through reading a book that a dull day is transformed because he has met a talking pig and a spider that can write in 'Charlotte's web'.Ex: The article is entitled 'The World Wide Web: spun in gold or just a cobweb?'.* quitar las telarañas = dust off + the cobwebs.* sacudir las telarañas = blow + the cobwebs away/off/out.* sacudirse las telarañas = blow + the cobwebs away/off/out.* tejer una telaraña = draw + web.* * *la mosca quedó atrapada en la telaraña the fly got trapped in the spiderweb o spider's webel cuarto estaba lleno de telarañas the room was full of cobwebsmirar las telarañas to have one's head in the cloudssacudirse las telarañas to blow the cobwebs awaytener telarañas en los ojos to be blindCompuesto:( Inf) World Wide Web* * *
telaraña sustantivo femenino
spiderweb (AmE), spider's web (BrE);
( polvorienta) cobweb;◊ telaraña mundial (Inf) World Wide Web
telaraña sustantivo femenino spider's web: el desván está lleno de telarañas, the loft is full of cobwebs
' telaraña' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
tela
English:
cobweb
- spider's web
- spin
- web
- gossamer
- World Wide Web
* * *telaraña nfspider's web, cobweb;un mosquito cayó en la telaraña a fly got caught in the spider's web;había telarañas en el techo there were cobwebs on the ceiling;tener telarañas en los ojos to be blindInformát la telaraña mundial the world wide web* * *f spiderweb* * *telaraña nf: spiderweb, cobweb* * *telaraña n spider's web / cobweb -
49 drive
1. n езда2. n прогулка, катание; поездка3. n подъездная дорога, аллея4. n дорога для экипажей5. n просека6. n гон, гоньба, преследованиеgame drive — загон дичи, зверя
7. n воен. наступление; атака, ударa massive export drive in African markets — массированное экспортное наступление на африканские рынки
8. n гонка, спешка9. n амер. кампанияeconomy drive — поход за экономию; борьба за режим экономии
launching a drive — начинающий кампанию; начало кампании
10. n стремление11. n энергия, напористость12. n стимул, побуждение, внутренний импульс13. n тенденция, направление14. n сплав леса15. n сплавной лес16. n удар; драйв17. n толчок18. n тех. привод, передача19. n вчт. дисковод; лентопротяжное устройство, лентопротяжный механизм20. n горн. штрек21. n дека22. v водить, вести, править; управлятьdrive home — убеждать; доводить до сознания
drive along — ехать на машине; вести машину
23. v ездить, ехатьdrive back — возвращаться, ехать обратно
24. v водить машину; управлять лошадьюto drive recklessly — лихо водить машину, быть лихачом
25. v быть хорошим или плохим в эксплуатацииthe car drives well — машину легко водить, эта машина слушается руля
computer-controlled drive — привод, управляемый ЭВМ
26. v отбрасывать, теснить27. v гнать; рассеиватьdrive away — прогонять, отсылать; отгонять, гнать от себя
28. v гнать, нести, перемещать29. v нестись; налетать; перемещаться30. v нестись, мчатьсяhe drove rudely past her into the room — оттолкнув её, он влетел в комнату
31. v загонять, забивать, вбивать; вонзать32. v входить, вонзаться33. v подгонять34. v перегружать; заваливать работой35. v разг. затягивать, оттягиватьСинонимический ряд:1. ambition (noun) ambition; energy; enterprise; enthusiasm; force; initiative; motivation2. campaign (noun) campaign; crusade; push3. effort (noun) effort; impulse; incentive; moment; motive; pressure4. ride (noun) excursion; jaunt; outing; ride; spin; tour; trip; turn5. steam (noun) hustle; punch; steam; vigour6. vigor (noun) bang; getup; get-up-and-go; go; pep; snap; starch; vigor; vitality7. way (noun) approach; avenue; driveway; freeway; highway; path; road; roadway; street; thoroughfare; way8. auto (verb) auto; charioteer; motor; pilot; steer; tool; wheel9. chase (verb) chase; herd; prod10. force (verb) force; goad; incite; punch; strike11. hunt (verb) hunt; stalk12. impress (verb) drill; grave; hammer; hit; impress; nail; pound; stamp13. make (verb) coerce; compel; constrain; make14. motivate (verb) motivate; press; urge15. move (verb) actuate; impel; mobilise; mobilize; move; propel16. overburden (verb) overburden; overtax; overwork17. plunge (verb) burst; dive; forge; lunge; pitch; plunge18. ride (verb) go; ride; spin; travel; turn19. run (verb) dig; propel; push; ram; run; shove; sink; stab; stick; thrust20. work (verb) fag; labor; labour; moil; strain; strive; sweat; task; tax; toil; travail; tug; workАнтонимический ряд:apathy; curb; discourage; drag; entice; halt; haul; hinder; incline; induce; lead; persuade; restrain -
50 trække
drag, draw, in flight, migrate, pull, take, thread, tow, wheel, yank* * *vb (trak, trukket)( trække til sig, rykke) pull (i at, fx a rope, the door, his mother's skirt),( kraftigt) tug (i at, fx his sleeve);( med jævn bevægelse) draw ( fx a carriage drawn by four horses), pull( fx the chair away, socks on; the horse was pulling a cart),( langsomt, om noget tungt) haul ( fx a boat on shore),( med besvær: slæbe) drag ( fx a child away from a shop window),T lug;( bugsere) tow ( fx a barge);( dyr i reb) lead;( cykel) wheel;( trække frem) draw ( fx a knife, a gun, one's sword), pull ( fx a knife, a gun);( i automat) draw;( tiltrække, fx kunder) draw, attract;( indsuge) absorb;( tegne) draw;( føre snor, streg etc gennem noget) pass, run;( uden objekt) ( tiltrække publikum) draw, be a draw;(om fugle etc) migrate;( skorsten, cigar etc) draw;(te) draw,F infuse;( i fodbold) move;( om prostitueret) go on the street(s);(i skak etc) move;[ det trækker] there's a draught;[ med sb:][ trække vand](fx om sko) let in (el. soak up) water,(mar) leak;[ med præp & adv:][ trække af](dvs skyde) pull the trigger;[ trække frakken (, støvlerne etc) af] pull off one's coat (, boots, etc);[ trække an](fx møtrik) draw tight,( bremse) pull back;[ trække bort]( fjerne sig) go away, leave,( om fugle) depart, migrate,( om skyer, tåge etc) clear away;[ trække gardinet for] draw the curtain;( gardin) draw back,( fradrage) deduct ( fx 5 per cent from the salary),( subtrahere) subtract, take away;[ trække 2 fra 5] subtract (el. take) 2 from 5;[ trække frem] pull out, draw out,( fremhæve) call attention to, emphasize,[ trække i]( rykke i) pull at,( kraftigt) tug at,( iføre sig) put on, get into;[ trække en i håret] pull somebody's hair;(fig) climb down;[ det trak i hans ansigt] his face twitched;[ tropperne trak igennem byen] the troops marched through the town;[ trække en tråd igennem et nåleøje] pass a thread through the eye of a needle;[ trække ind] draw in, pull in,( om væske) soak in;[ katten trak kløerne ind] the cat retracted its claws;(se også hår);[ blive trukket med ind i noget] be drawn into something, be mixed up in something;[ trække en med sig i faldet] drag somebody down with one;(se også trækkes);[ trække ned] pull down, draw down;( i karakter) penalize ( fx I won't penalize him for that);(fig) drag somebody down;[ trække om] wander about;[ trække om med noget] carry (, drag) something about with one;[ trække op] draw up, pull up,( mekanisme) wind ( fx a watch),( flaske) uncork, open,( prop) draw,( i pris) overcharge ( fx the customers),T rip off;( med blæk) ink in;[ trække skuldrene op] hunch one's shoulders;(omtr) they are changing the guard;[ trække op af vandet] pull out of the water;[ trække op i bukserne] hitch up one's trousers;[ det trækker op til krig (, regn)] it looks like war (, rain);[ det trækker op til uvejr] a storm is gathering (el. brewing);[ trække over]( rive over) tear;( om konto) overdraw ( fx one's bank account by £10);( om uvejr, fare etc) blow over;[ trække en skrue over] strip (el. break) the thread of a screw;[ trække `på](fx strømper, støvler) pull on;[ trækker det på dig?] are you in a draft? is the draught bothering you?[ trække på én for et beløb] draw on somebody for an amount;[ trække på det ene ben] walk with a limp;[ trække perler på en snor] string beads (, pearls);(se også skulder, II. åre);[ trække sammen] draw together, gather,( forkorte) contract, condense;[ skyerne trækker sammen] the clouds are gathering; the sky is clouding over;( tiltrække) attract, draw,(lukke fx dør) pull to,( rykke kraftigt) pull hard,( stramme) tighten ( fx a screw, a knot),( om byld) come to a head;[ trække tilbage] draw (, pull) back ( fx one's chair; pull back troops),(mere F) withdraw ( fx one's hand, troops);(fig) withdraw ( fx an accusation, one's confession),F retract ( fx an accusation);[ trække ud] draw out,( med kraft) pull out ( fx a drawer, a tooth, a nail, hairs, asplinter),F extract;( forlænge) draw out, stretch,( få til at vare længe) draw out,T drag out ( fx the meeting, the debate), spin out ( fx theconversation, a speech, a story);( vare længe) make slow progress, take a long time,T drag on;[ trække tiden ud] draw out the time;[ prøve at trække tiden ud] play for time,F temporize,T drag one's feet;[ for at trække tiden ud] in order to gain time;[ det trækker ud med forhandlingerne] the negotiations are making slow progress;[ med sig:][ trække sig]( ved valg: opgive sin kandidatur) stand down;[ trække sig i lave], se I. lave;(mil.) fall back on ( fx a fortress); withdraw into;[ trække sig ind i sig selv] withdraw (, F: retire) into oneself;(se også I. skal);[ trække sig sammen] contract ( fx his muscles contracted);[ nettet trækker sig sammen om ham] the net is tightening round him;( bevæge sig tilbage) draw (el. fall) back ( fx the crowd drew (el.fell) back), withdraw,F recede ( fx the tide (, the floods) receded);( om enkeltperson) retire ( fx retire to one's room, retire for the night, retire from the world),( flygte) retreat ( fx to one's summer cottage to relax);(fra embede etc) resign ( fx he offered to resign),( gå på pension) retire ( fx from a post),( ved valg: opgive sin kandidatur) stand down;(mil.) fall back ( fx on a fortress),F retire ( fx to prepared positions),T pull out;( under pres) retreat ( fx force the enemy to retreat);[ trække sig ud] withdraw,T pull out,( fortryde) back out ( fx you can't back out now),T cop out;[ trække sig ud af] withdraw from ( fx political life; NATO); back out of( fx the scheme; an undertaking). -
51 paseo
m.1 walk (acción) (a pie).2 avenue (place).paseo marítimo promenade3 trip, excursion, tour.4 promenade, mall.5 drive, ride, spin.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: pasear.* * *1 (a pie) walk, stroll; (a caballo) ride2 (en coche) drive; (en bicicleta, moto) ride3 (calle) avenue, promenade\dar el paseo a alguien to bump somebody offdar un paseo to go for a walkmandar a paseo a alguien familiar to send somebody packing¡vete a paseo! familiar go away!, get lost!paseo marítimo promenade, esplanade, seafront* * *noun m.1) walk, stroll2) ride* * *SM1) [gen] walk, stroll; (=excursión) outingdar un paseo — [andando] to go for a walk o stroll, take a walk o stroll; [en coche] to go for a ride
llevar o sacar a un niño de paseo — to take a child out for a walk
paseo de vigilancia — round, tour of inspection
paseo en coche — drive, ride
2) (=avenida) parade, avenuepaseo marítimo — promenade, esplanade
3) (=distancia) short walk4)paseo cívico — Méx procession, fiesta procession
5) Esp * ( Hist) (journey leading to the) summary execution of a political opponentdar el paseo a algn — ( Hist) to execute sb summarily; [moderno] to bump sb off **
* * *1)a) ( caminata) walk¿salimos a dar un paseo? — shall we go for a walk o (colloq) stroll?
mandar a alguien a paseo — (fam) to tell somebody to get lost (colloq)
vete a paseo! — get lost! (colloq), go to hell! (sl)
b) ( en bicicleta) ride; ( en coche) drivec) (AmL) ( excursión) trip, outingno vivo aquí, estoy de paseo — I don't live here, I'm just visiting
2) ( en nombres de calles) walk, avenue•* * *1)a) ( caminata) walk¿salimos a dar un paseo? — shall we go for a walk o (colloq) stroll?
mandar a alguien a paseo — (fam) to tell somebody to get lost (colloq)
vete a paseo! — get lost! (colloq), go to hell! (sl)
b) ( en bicicleta) ride; ( en coche) drivec) (AmL) ( excursión) trip, outingno vivo aquí, estoy de paseo — I don't live here, I'm just visiting
2) ( en nombres de calles) walk, avenue•* * *paseo11 = stroll, walk, ride, wander.Ex: The article is entitled 'A short stroll through Brazilian book publishing'.
Ex: A walk through the exhibit hall made it clear: the Web is everywhere.Ex: For the second part, the conference will move to island Mljet, less than a two-hour ride from Dubrovnik on a fast catamaran.Ex: The article is entitled 'Memories of Otago and Southland libraries and librarians: an unmethodical wander'.* dar un paseo = take + a stroll, take + a walk.* dar un paseo en coche = go out for + a drive.* de paseo en coche = out for a spin.* ir a dar un paseo = go for + a stroll.* irse a paseo = naff off.* paseo en barca = boating.* paseo en barco = boat tour, boating, boat ride, boat cruise.* paseo en bicicleta = easy ride.* paseo en la montaña rusa = roller coaster ride.* paseo militar = plain sailing, walkover.* paseo suave en bicicleta = easy ride.* paseo turístico = walking tour.* salir a dar un paseo = go out for + a walk.* salir de paseo = go out for + a walk.* salir de paseo en coche = go out for + a drive.paseo22 = promenade.Ex: Areas that may be used include: windows; promenades and walkways; entrances and foyers.
* paseo marítimo = seafront, promenade.* * *A1 (caminata) walk¿salimos a dar un paseo? shall we go for a walk o ( colloq) stroll?darle el paseo a algn to shoot sb, bump sb off ( colloq)¡vete a paseo! get lost! ( colloq), go to hell! (sl)2 (en bicicleta) ride3 (en coche) drivenos llevó a dar un paseo en su coche nuevo she took us for a drive in her new car4 ( AmL) (excursión) trip, outingno vivo aquí, estoy de paseo I don't live here, I'm just visiting5 (figura de baile) promenadeB (en nombres de calles) walk, avenueCompuesto:esplanade, seafront, promenade ( BrE)* * *
Del verbo pasear: ( conjugate pasear)
paseo es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
paseó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
pasear
paseo
pasear ( conjugate pasear) verbo intransitivo
◊ salir a paseo to go out for a walk o stroll
( en coche) to go for a drive
verbo transitivo ‹ perro› to walk
paseo sustantivo masculino
1
◊ dar un paseo to go for a walk o (colloq) stroll;
mandar a algn a paseo (fam) to tell sb to get lost (colloq)
( en coche) drive;
◊ no vivo aquí, estoy de paseo I don't live here, I'm just visiting
2 ( en nombres de calles) walk, avenue;
pasear
I verbo intransitivo to go for a walk o to take a walk
II vtr (a una persona) to take for a walk
(a un animal) to walk, take for a walk
paseo sustantivo masculino
1 (caminando) walk: daremos un paseo por la playa, we'll go for a walk along the beach
(en caballo, vehículo) ride
2 (calle ancha) avenue
' paseo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
alameda
- apetecer
- dar
- frente
- jorobar
- orilla
- P.º
- parque
- pero
- ronda
- sombrilla
- traje
- a
- caballo
- despejar
- excursión
- gustar
- malecón
- prado
- rambla
- simpático
- transversal
- vuelta
English:
boardwalk
- bracing
- brisk
- care for
- cycling
- drive
- exercise
- go
- hit on
- hit upon
- leisurely
- nightly
- pier
- promenade
- promenade deck
- ramble
- ride
- round
- run
- sail
- saunter
- seafront
- spacewalk
- spin
- stroll
- take
- trek
- walk
- wood
- avenue
- board
- boating
- buggy
- front
- mall
- punt
- push
- sea
- stroller
- wander
* * *paseo nm1. [acción] [a pie] walk;[en coche] drive, ride; [a caballo] ride; [en barca] row;un paseo en coche a drive;un paseo a caballo a (horse) ride;dar un paseo [a pie] to go for a walk;[a caballo] to go for a ride; [en coche] to go for a drive o ride;ir de paseo [andar] to walkpaseo espacial space walk2. [distancia corta] short walk;sólo es un paseo hasta el teatro it's only a short walk to the theatre3. [calle] avenuepaseo marítimo promenade4. Am [excursión] trip, outing;hacer un paseo to go on a trip o outing7. CompFamdar el paseo a alguien to bump sb off;Fam Fam¡vete a paseo! get lost!;Fammandó los estudios a paseo he said to hell with his studies* * *m walk;dar un paseo go for a walk;mandar a alguien a paseo fig fam tell s.o. to get lost fam* * *paseo nm1) : walk, stroll2) : ride3) excursión: outing, trip* * *paseo n1. (a pie) walk2. (en coche, moto) drive / ride3. (en bicicleta, a caballo) ride -
52 affoler
affoler [afɔle]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verb( = effrayer) to throw into a panic2. reflexive verb* * *afɔle
1.
verbe transitif to terrify, to throw [somebody] into a panic [personne]
2.
s'affoler verbe pronominal [personne, animal] to panic; [aiguille de boussole] to spin* * *afɔle vt* * *affoler verb table: aimerA vtr to terrify, to throw [sb] into a panic [personne].B s'affoler vpr1 [personne, animal] to panic; [aiguille de boussole] to spin; ne t'affole pas don't get into a panic;2 ○( se dépêcher) to get a move on○; ( réagir) [élève] to stir oneself.[afɔle] verbe transitif1. [terrifier] to throw into a panic[bouleverser] to throw into turmoil2. (littéraire) [sexuellement] to drive wild with desire————————s'affoler verbe pronominal intransitif1. [s'effrayer] to panicelle s'affole toujours à l'idée de partir she always panics ou gets frantic at the thought of going away2. [boussole] to spin -
53 travailler
travailler [tʀavaje]➭ TABLE 11. intransitive verba. to work• faire travailler sa tête or sa matière grise to set one's mind to work• fais travailler ta tête ! use your head!• travailler en usine/à domicile to work in a factory/at home• dans ce pays on fait travailler les enfants à huit ans in this country they put children to work at the age of eightb. ( = s'exercer) [artiste, acrobate, musicien] to practise ; [boxeur] to trainc. [métal, bois] to warp2. transitive verba. ( = façonner) [+ matière, verre, fer] to work• travailler la pâte ( = pétrir) to knead the doughb. ( = potasser, améliorer) to work on• travailler le chant/piano to practise singing/the piano► travailler à [+ livre, projet] to work on ; [+ cause, but] to work for ; ( = s'efforcer d'obtenir) to work towardsc. [doutes, faits] to worry ; [douleur] to torment• cette idée/ce projet le travaille this idea/this plan is very much on his mind* * *tʀavaje
1.
1) ( pour perfectionner) to work on [style, matière scolaire, voix, muscles]; to practise [BrE] [sport, instrument, chant]2) ( manipuler) to work [bois, métal]; Culinaire to knead [pâte]; Agriculture to work, to cultivate [terre]; to cultivate [vigne]3) ( préoccuper)travailler quelqu'un — [affaire, idée] to be ou prey on somebody's mind, to bother somebody; ( tourmenter) [jalousie, douleur] to plague somebody
ce sont ses dents qui le travaillent — ( parlant d'un bébé) he is out of sorts because he's teething
2.
travailler à verbe transitif indirecttravailler à — to work on [projet, dissertation]; to work toward(s) [objectif]
travailler à rétablir la paix — to endeavour [BrE] to restore peace
3.
verbe intransitif1) ( faire un effort) [personne, machine] to work; [muscles] to work2) ( exercer un métier) to worktravailler en équipes/de nuit — to work shifts/nights
travailler au noir — gén to work without declaring one's earnings; ( exercer un second emploi non déclaré) to moonlight
3) Commerce ( faire des affaires) [commerçant, magasin, hôtel] to do businesstravailler à perte — [entreprise, commerce] to run at a loss
4) ( produire un revenu)5) ( œuvrer)nous voulons la paix et c'est dans ce sens que nous travaillons — we want peace and we are working toward(s) it
6) ( s'entraîner) [athlète] to train; [boxeur] to train, to work out; [musicien, danseur] to practise [BrE]7) ( se modifier) [bois] to warp; [vin] to ferment8) ( se déformer) [poutre] to be in stress* * *tʀavaje1. vi1) [personne] to work2) [bois] to warp2. vt1) (= façonner) [bois, métal] to work, [pâte] to knead, [objet d'art] to work on2) [discipline]travailler son piano — to do one's piano practice Grande-Bretagne to do one's piano practise USA
3) (= préoccuper)4) (= influencer) to work ontravailler à — to work on, (= contribuer à) to work towards
travailler à faire — to endeavour to do Grande-Bretagne to endeavor to do USA
* * *travailler verb table: aimerA vtr1 ( pour perfectionner) to work on [style, matière scolaire, mouvement, voix, muscles]; to practiseGB [sport, instrument, chant, sonate]; travailler son latin to work on one's Latin; travailler le saut en longueur to practiseGB the long jump;2 ( manipuler) to work [bois, métal]; Culin to knead [pâte]; to stir [sth] until smooth [sauce]; Agric to work, to cultivate [terre]; to cultivate [vigne];4 ( préoccuper) travailler qn [affaire, idée] to be ou prey on sb's mind, to bother sb; ( tourmenter) [jalousie, douleur] to plague sb; je ne sais pas ce qui le travaille I don't know what's bothering him; un doute me travaillait I had a nagging doubt; c'est la jalousie qui le travaille he's plagued ou tormented by jealousy; ce sont ses dents qui le travaillent ( parlant d'un bébé) he is out of sorts because he's teething.B travailler à vtr ind travailler à to work on [projet, dissertation]; to work towards [objectif]; travailler quatre ans à sa thèse to work on one's thesis for four years; travailler à rétablir la paix to endeavourGB to restore peace; travailler à la perte de qn to try to engineer sb's downfall.C vi1 ( faire un effort) [personne, machine] to work; [muscles] to work; travailler de ses mains to work with one's hands; travailler sur un texte/projet to work on a text/project; faire travailler un élève to make a pupil work; faire travailler ses biceps to use one's biceps; faire travailler son cerveau to apply one's mind; ton imagination travaille trop you have an overactive imagination;2 ( exercer un métier) to work; travailler en usine/à domicile to work in a factory/at home; travailler dans l'édition/le textile to work in publishing/textiles; travailler comme secrétaire to work as a secretary; travailler en équipes/de nuit to work shifts/nights; travailler en indépendant to work freelance, to be self-employed; ta mère travaille? does your mother work?; il a hâte de travailler he can't wait to start work; faire travailler les enfants to put children to work; travailler au noir gén to work without declaring one's earnings; ( exercer un second emploi non déclaré) to moonlight;3 ( faire des affaires) Comm [commerçant, magasin, hôtel] to do business; bien travailler to do good business; l'épicier/restaurant ne travaille pas beaucoup the grocer/restaurant isn't doing much business; travailler avec l'étranger to do business abroad; travailler pour l'exportation to work in exports; nous travaillons surtout l'été/avec les touristes most of our trade is in the summer/with tourists; travailler à perte [entreprise, commerce] to run at a loss;4 ( produire un revenu) [argent] to work; faire travailler son argent to make one's money work for one;5 ( œuvrer) travailler pour/contre qn to work for/against sb; nous voulons la paix et c'est dans ce sens que nous travaillons we want peace and we are working toward(s) it; travailler pour/contre ses intérêts to act in/against one's own interests;6 ( s'entraîner) [athlète] to train; [boxeur] to train, work out; [musicien, danseur] to practiseGB; travailler aux barres parallèles to work on the parallel bars;7 ( se modifier) [bois] to warp; [vin] to ferment; [pâte] to prove, to rise;8 ( se déformer) [poutre] to be in stress.[travaje] verbe intransitif1. [être actif] to worktu as le temps de travailler avant dîner you've got time to do some work ou to get some work done before dinnertravailler à ou sur une chanson to work at ou on a songtravailler comme un bœuf ou forçat to slave away, to work like a Trojan2. [avoir une profession] to workvous travaillez? do you work?, do you have a job?j'ai arrêté de travailler à 55 ans I stopped work ou retired at 55travailler pour payer ses études to work one's way through college/universitytravailler en free-lance to do freelance work, to be a freelancer3. [faire des affaires] to do (good) businessentreprise qui travaille bien/mal/à perte thriving/stagnating/lossmaking firm4. [pratiquer son activité - artiste, athlète] to practise, to train ; [ - boxeur] to work out, to trainfaire travailler ses jambes to make one's legs work, to exercise one's legsc'est ton imagination qui travaille your imagination's working overtime, you're imagining things6. [suivi d'une préposition]travailler à [succès] to work ou to strive fortravailler contre/pour to work against/forle temps travaille contre/pour nous time is working against us/is on our side————————[travaje] verbe transitif1. [façonner - bois, bronze, glaise] to work[CUISINE - mélange, sauce] to stirb. [peintre] to work the paste2. [perfectionner - discours, style] to work on (inseparable), to polish up (separable), to hone ; [ - matière scolaire] to work at ou on (inseparable), to go over (inseparable) ; [ - concerto, scène] to work on, to rehearse3. [obséder] to worryêtre travaillé par le remords/l'angoisse to be tormented by remorse/anxiety4. [tenter d'influencer] to work on (inseparable) -
54 slip
I [slɪp] 1. гл.1)а) скользить, плавно передвигатьсяб) двигаться легко, мягко, не привлекая вниманияAmy slipped downstairs and out of the house. — Эми тихонько спустилась по лестнице и выскользнула из дома.
She slipped into the driving seat and closed the door. — Она тихонько села на место водителя и захлопнула дверцу.
I'd like to slip away before the end of the meeting. — Я хочу улизнуть до конца собрания.
Mary could not enjoy the party, and slipped away after an hour. — Мэри не понравилась вечеринка, и через час она потихоньку улизнула.
The enemy guns were facing inland, so our ship slipped by without being seen. — Орудия неприятеля были нацелены на сушу, поэтому нашему кораблю удалось проскользнуть незамеченным.
You can slip in after the first piece of music is played. — Вы можете незаметно войти после того, как сыграют первую пьесу.
The boy must have slipped out when my back was turned. — Должно быть мальчик выскользнул из комнаты в тот момент, когда я отвернулся.
Syn:в) течь, плавно нести воды (о реке и т. п.)where the river slips into the sea — там, где река впадает в море
2) ускользать, исчезать (из памяти и т. п.)The reason for my visit had obviously slipped his mind. — Было ясно, что он забыл о цели моего прихода.
I knew her face, but her name had completely slipped from my mind. — Я помню её в лицо, но у меня совершенно вылетело из головы, как её зовут.
3)а) = slip out выскальзывать, срываться (с языка, губ и т. п.)This last clause sure slipped from him unawares. — Было очевидно, что это последнее предложение сорвалось у него нечаянно.
The word Hutcheson slipped my pen before I was aware. — Слово Хатчесон выскользнуло из-под моего пера прежде, чем я это заметил.
He let slip that he was in the midst of finalising two big deals. — Он случайно обмолвился, что в данный момент занят подготовкой двух крупных сделок к подписанию.
б) обнаруживаться, просачиваться, становиться известнымI always know if he's worried but he never tells me the details straight out. It sometimes slips out in conversation when the crisis is over. — Я всегда знаю, когда он чем-либо озабочен, но он никогда прямо не рассказывает, в чём дело. Лишь после того, как всё проходит, некоторые детали иногда проскакивают в разговоре.
4) (slip along / away / by) проноситься, лететь ( о времени)This summer has simply slipped away, we've had such fun! — Как быстро пролетело лето! Нам было так весело!
All these weeks have slipped by, and I've hardly done anything. — Эти недели пролетели, а мне едва ли удалось что-нибудь сделать.
5)а) избегать, не упоминать (в разговоре и т. п.)Like an inconsiderate boy, I slip the thoughts of life and death. — Как безрассудный мальчишка, я избегаю мыслей о жизни и смерти.
б) пропустить, проглядеть, не обратить вниманияSyn:6)а) скользить; поскользнутьсяHe slipped on the ice. — Он поскользнулся на льду.
His foot slipped and he fell. — Его нога поскользнулась, и он упал.
As this spot was rather steep, and the ground moist, he slipped down. — Так как в этом месте склон был довольно крутой, а земля сырая, он поскользнулся и скатился вниз.
Syn:б) скользить, буксовать ( о колёсах)Syn:spin 2. 4)7)а) заблуждаться, ошибаться, совершать промах, оплошностьHe slips in his grammar. — Он делает грамматические ошибки.
Syn:б) отклоняться от стандартного поведения; деградироватьHe'd been slipping lately, drinking too much. — В последнее время он совсем опустился, слишком уж много пил.
в) разг. уменьшаться, ухудшаться8)а) выскальзывать, соскальзыватьThe snow upon steep mountain-sides frequently slips and rolls down in avalanches. — Снег на крутых горных склонах часто соскальзывает и лавиной скатывается вниз.
My axe slipped out of my hand. — Топор выскользнул у меня из рук.
The sudden movement uncovered the letters, which slipped down and strewed the carpet. — Резким движением он случайно смахнул письма, которые соскользнули вниз и усыпали ковёр.
The key must have slipped out when I opened my bag. — Должно быть ключ выскочил, когда я открыла свою сумочку.
б) проскальзывать ( сквозь пальцы), ускользать, уплывать ( из рук)He was mad to have let such an adventure slip through his fingers. (W. S. Maugham) — Он сошёл с ума, позволив такому приключению ускользнуть у него из рук.
Then slip not the chance when it is in your power. — Не упусти шанс, когда он в твоих руках.
9)а) ( slip into) быстро одеватьсяWait here. I'lI just slip into another dress. — Подожди здесь. Я только одену другое платье.
Syn:dress 3. 1) б)б) ( slip out of) быстро раздеватьсяJust give me a minute to slip out of these wet things. — Подожди секунду, я только сниму с себя мокрую одежду.
Syn:undress 2.10)а) ускользать, убегать, удиратьHe slipped his enemies. — Он ускользнул от своих врагов.
That very night I slipped him while he was asleep, and got clear away. — В ту самую ночь я ускользнул, пока он спал, и сбежал незамеченным.
б) обогнать, обойти11) давать (что-л.) скрытно, незаметноJohn slipped him the keys as they talked. — Пока они разговаривали, Джон незаметно отдал ему ключи.
12)а) развязывать ( узел)б) вывихивать; подворачивать ( ногу)A man unfortunately slipped his foot, and fell. — Человек неудачно подвернул ногу и упал.
13) сбрасывать, освобождаться (от одежды, поводка, ошейника и т. п.); сбрасывать ( кожу) прям. и перен.The dog has slipped its collar. — Собака выскользнула из ошейника.
He slips his past and puts on a new shape. — Он освобождается от своего прошлого и начинает новую жизнь.
14)а) спускать петлю ( в вязанье)б) уст.выпускать, посылать (стрелу и т. п.)в) ж.-д. отцеплять последний пассажирский вагон от экспресса ( чтобы дать возможность пассажирам выйти на определённой станции)15)а) спускать ( собаку или сокола) с поводка, с ремешкаSyn:16) мор. вытравить ( якорную цепь)17) с.-х. выкидывать плод ( о животном)18) ( slip into)а) (незаметно) просунуть (что-л. куда-л.)You slip the envelope into the hole in the top of the box. — Вы незаметно опускаете конверт в отверстие на крышке коробки.
б) постепенно впадать в какое-л. состояниеYou have slipped into a bad habit of repeating yourself. — У вас появилась дурная привычка повторяться.
19) разг. хорошенько отколотить (кого-л.)20) ( slip over) амер.; разг. обмануть (с помощью хитрости, какого-л. трюка)You'll never slip that old trick over our chairman, he knows too much. — У вас не пройдет подобный трюк с нашим председателем, он очень много знает.
•- slip in
- slip on
- slip off
- slip up••- slip trolley- slip off the hooks
- slip one's cable
- slip one's breath
- slip one's wind 2. сущ.1) скольжение; сползание2) перерыв, прерывание, перебойRecurrent slips unmistakably indicate dilapidation of the heart. — Аритмия безошибочно указывает на старение сердца.
Syn:3)а) ошибка, промах ( в поведении); моральное прегрешениеEyes watching for any slip which might betray their antagonists to the powers of the law. — Глаза, подмечающие каждую ошибку, которая могла бы отдать их противников в руки закона.
б) ошибка (в решении, рассуждении, предсказании и т. п.)There must be some slip in the decision. — В решение, должно быть, вкралась какая-то ошибка.
в) ошибка, описка, обмолвка (в речи, на письме)an error arising from an accidental slip or omission — ошибка, возникающая из случайной описки или пропуска
I didn't mean that. It was a slip of the tongue. — Я не имел это в виду. Это была оговорка.
slip of the tongue — обмолвка, оговорка
4) геол. сдвиг; сброс5) охот. спускание собаки с поводка для преследования дичи6) мор.а) искусственный спуск из камня или другого материала, сооруженный рядом с судоходными водами для высадки на берегб) слипв) стапель8)а) диал. детский передникб) нижняя юбка; комбинация ( бельё)в) наволочкаSyn:г) ( slips) = bathing slips плавки9) ( slips) театр. кулисы••There is many a slip between the cup and the lip. посл. — Не говори "гоп", пока не перепрыгнешь.
- give smb. the slipII [slɪp] 1. сущ.1)а) побег, росток, черенок, отростокSyn:б) поэт. отпрыск, дитяCovetousness is indeed a slip of thrift. — Жадность, несомненно, дитя бережливости.
Syn:2) стройное, хрупкое существоShe was a good-looking slip. — Она была стройной миловидной девушкой.
She was a tall slip of a woman. — Она была высокой, худой женщиной.
The island is a narrow slip of sand-hills. — Остров состоит из узкой полосы дюн.
He wrote the address on a slip of paper. — Он записал адрес на полоске бумаге.
4) окно, комната вытянутой, удлинённой формы5) амер. длинная узкая скамья ( в церкви), узкое отгороженное место6) полигр. гранка ( оттиск)7) бланк, регистрационная карточка, печатное уведомление2. гл.черенковать, срезать (побег, черенок)III [slɪp] сущ.1) амер. свернувшееся молоко2) тех. шликер; суспензия -
55 νέω 2
νέω 2Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `spin'.Other forms: 3. sg. νῃ̃ (νῆ, νεῖ; Hes. Op. 777), 3. pl. νῶσι (Ael., Poll.), ipf. ἔννη (Aeol.; Hdn., EM), inf. νῆν, ptc. νῶντα (H.), νώμενος (Poll.); besides νήθω (Cratin., Pl., LXX); aor. νῆσαι, - ασθαι (since η 198); νῶσαι (Eup. 319; ptc.pl. f.?; Meineke νῆσαι), pass. νηθῆναι and fut. νήσω (Att.), perf. midd. νένησμαι (late).Derivatives: νῆμα n. `tectile fabric, thread' (Od.) with νηματ-ικός `consisting of threads' (Ath. Mech.), - ώδης `fibrous' (Plu.); νῆσις f. `spinning' (Pl.); νῆτρον n. `distaff' (Suid.); νήθουσα f. plantname s.s.v.Etymology: On the dental enlargement in νή-θω cf. κνή-θω (: κνῆ-ν), πλή-θω (: πλῆ-το) a.o. (Schwyzer 703). -- From ἔ-ννη and ἐΰ-ννητος `well spun' (Hom.) appears an orig. sn-, which is also seen in MIr. snīid `spinns, restores' and perh. in Lat. nē-re `spin'; an s-less form is however ascertained a.o. by German., e.g. OHG nā-en `sew'. Monosyllabic νῃ̃ can stand for *σνηι-ει and can be compared directly with Skt. snāy-ati `winds around, clothes' and with Lat. neō \< * snēi-ō (on the stem s. below). Like ἔ-ννη from * e-snē can νῆ also be athematic (Schwyzer 675). But νῶσι, νῶντα, νώμενος are rather thematic from *νη-ουσι, *νή-οντα, *νη-όμενος than with old ō-ablaut, which however occurs frequently outside Greek, e.g. in Latv. snāju, snāt `wind together loosely, e.g. spinning' and in several nouns like OIr. snāthe `thread', OGutn. snōÞ `cord' = OE snōd `headband' (OHG snuor ' Schnur' is polyinterpret.). Beside IE snē-: snō- there are, esp. in Balto-Slav., forms with ī-vowel, e.g. Russ. nitь `thread'; for νῃ̃ \< *σνηι-ει, snāyati (beside snāy-u- `band, sinew'), Lat. neō, remains beside the explanation as yotpresent also an old longdiphthong to be sonsidered [improbable]. -- With νῆμα agrees Lat. nēmen n. `phantom', which is however a young formation; OCS snopь `sheaf, band', compared by Specht KZ 68, 123 is far away. Also the genetically identical νῆσις and OHG nāt ' Naht' are rather parallel innovations. -- WP. 2, 694f., Pok. 973, W.-Hofmann s. neō, Vasmer s. nítь, Fraenkel Wb. s. nýtis; everywhere further forms and rich literature.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νέω 2
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56 system
система; установка; устройство; ркт. комплекс"see to land" system — система посадки с визуальным приземлением
A.S.I. system — система указателя воздушной скорости
ablating heat-protection system — аблирующая [абляционная] система тепловой защиты
ablating heat-shield system — аблирующая [абляционная] система тепловой защиты
active attitude control system — ксм. активная система ориентации
aft-end rocket ignition system — система воспламенения заряда с задней части РДТТ [со стороны сопла]
aircraft response sensing system — система измерений параметров, характеризующих поведение ЛА
air-inlet bypass door system — дв. система перепуска воздуха на входе
antiaircraft guided missile system — ракетная система ПВО; зенитный ракетный комплекс
antiaircraft guided weapons system — ракетная система ПВО; зенитный ракетный комплекс
attenuated intercept satellite rendez-vous system — система безударного соединения спутников на орбите
attitude and azimuth reference system — система измерения или индикации углов тангажа, крена и азимута
automatic departure prevention system — система автоматического предотвращения сваливания или вращения после сваливания
automatic drift kick-off system — система автоматического устранения угла упреждения сноса (перед приземлением)
automatic hovering control system — верт. система автостабилизации на висении
automatic indicating feathering system — автоматическая система флюгирования с индикацией отказа (двигателя)
automatic mixture-ratio control system — система автоматического регулирования состава (топливной) смеси
automatic pitch control system — автомат тангажа; автоматическая система продольного управления [управления по каналу тангажа]
B.L.C. high-lift system — система управления пограничным слоем для повышения подъёмной силы (крыла)
backpack life support system — ксм. ранцевая система жизнеобеспечения
beam-rider (control, guidance) system — ркт. система наведения по лучу
biowaste electric propulsion system — электрический двигатель, работающий на биологических отходах
buddy (refueling, tank) system — (подвесная) автономная система дозаправки топливом в полете
closed(-circuit, -cycle) system — замкнутая система, система с замкнутым контуром или циклом; система с обратной связью
Cooper-Harper pilot rating system — система баллов оценки ЛА лётчиком по Куперу — Харперу
deployable aerodynamic deceleration system — развёртываемая (в атмосфере) аэродинамическая тормозная система
depressurize the fuel system — стравливать избыточное давление (воздуха, газа) в топливной системе
driver gas heating system — аэрд. система подогрева толкающего газа
dry sump (lubrication) system — дв. система смазки с сухим картером [отстойником]
electrically powered hydraulic system — электронасосная гидросистема (в отличие от гидросистемы с насосами, приводимыми от двигателя)
exponential control flare system — система выравнивания с экспоненциальным управлением (перед приземлением)
flywheel attitude control system — ксм. инерционная система ориентации
gas-ejection attitude control system — ксм. газоструйная система ориентация
gas-jet attitude control system — ксм. газоструйная система ориентация
ground proximity extraction system — система извлечения грузов из самолёта, пролетающего на уровне земли
hot-air balloon water recovery system — система спасения путем посадки на воду с помощью баллонов, наполняемых горячими газами
hypersonic air data entry system — система для оценки аэродинамики тела, входящего в атмосферу планеты с гиперзвуковой скоростью
igh-temperature fatigue test system — установка для испытаний на выносливость при высоких температурах
interceptor (directing, vectoring) system — система наведения перехватчиков
ion electrical propulsion system — ксм. ионная двигательная установка
isotope-heated catalytic oxidizer system — система каталитического окислителя с нагревом от изотопного источника
jet vane actuation system — ркт. система привода газового руля
laminar flow pumping system — система насосов [компрессоров] для ламинаризации обтекания
launching range safety system — система безопасности ракетного полигона; система обеспечения безопасности космодрома
leading edge slat system — система выдвижных [отклоняемых] предкрылков
low-altitude parachute extraction system — система беспосадочного десантирования грузов с малых высот с использованием вытяжных парашютов
magnetic attitude control system — ксм. магнитная система ориентации
magnetically slaved compass system — курсовая система с магнитной коррекцией, гироиндукционная курсовая система
mass-expulsion attitude control system — система ориентации за счёт истечения массы (газа, жидкости)
mass-motion attitude control system — ксм. система ориентации за счёт перемещения масс
mass-shifting attitude control system — ксм. система ориентации за счёт перемещения масс
monopropellant rocket propulsion system — двигательная установка с ЖРД на унитарном [однокомпонентном] топливе
nucleonic propellant gauging and utilization system — система измерения и регулирования подачи топлива с использованием радиоактивных изотопов
open(-circuit, -cycle) system — открытая [незамкнутая] система, система с незамкнутым контуром или циклом; система без обратной связи
plenum chamber burning system — дв. система сжигания топлива во втором контуре
positioning system for the landing gear — система регулирования высоты шасси (при стоянке самолёта на земле)
radar altimeter low-altitude control system — система управления на малых высотах с использованием радиовысотомера
radar system for unmanned cooperative rendezvous in space — радиолокационная система для обеспечения встречи (на орбите) беспилотных кооперируемых КЛА
range and orbit determination system — система определения дальностей [расстояний] и орбит
real-time telemetry processing system — система обработки радиотелеметрических данных в реальном масштабе времени
recuperative cycle regenerable carbon dioxide removal system — система удаления углекислого газа с регенерацией поглотителя, работающая по рекуперативному циклу
rendezvous beacon and command system — маячно-командная система обеспечения встречи («а орбите)
satellite automatic terminal rendezvous and coupling system — автоматическая система сближения и стыковки спутников на орбите
Schuler tuned inertial navigation system — система инерциальной навигации на принципе маятника Шулера
sodium superoxide carbon dioxide removal system — система удаления углекислого газа с помощью надперекиси натрия
space shuttle separation system — система разделения ступеней челночного воздушно-космического аппарата
stellar-monitored astroinertial navigation guidance system — астроинерциальная система навигации и управления с астрокоррекцией
terminal control landing system — система управления посадкой по траектории, связанной с выбранной точкой приземления
terminal descent control system — ксм. система управления на конечном этапе спуска [снижения]
terminal guidance system for a satellite rendezvous — система управления на конечном участке траектории встречи спутников
test cell flow system — ркт. система питания (двигателя) топливом в огневом боксе
vectored thrust (propulsion) system — силовая установка с подъёмно-маршевым двигателем [двигателями]
water to oxygen system — ксм. система добывания кислорода из воды
wind tunnel data acquisition system — система регистрации (и обработки) данных при испытаниях в аэродинамической трубе
— D system -
57 Hargreaves, James
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. c.1720–1 Oswaldtwistle, near Blackburn, Englandd. April 1778 Nottingham, England[br]English inventor of the first successful machine to spin more than a couple of yarns of cotton or wool at once.[br]James Hargreaves was first a carpenter and then a hand-loom weaver at Stanhill, Blackburn, probably making Blackburn Checks or Greys from linen warps and cotton weft. An invention ascribed to him doubled production in the preparatory carding process before spinning. Two or three cards were nailed to the same stock and the upper one was suspended from the ceiling by a cord and counterweight. Around 1762 Robert Peel (1750–1830) sought his assistance in constructing a carding engine with cylinders that may have originated with Daniel Bourn, but this was not successful. In 1764, inspired by seeing a spinning wheel that continued to revolve after it had been knocked over accidentally, Hargreaves invented his spinning jenny. The first jennies had horizontal wheels and could spin eight threads at once. To spin on this machine required a great deal of skill. A length of roving was passed through the clamp or clove. The left hand was used to close this and draw the roving away from the spindles which were rotated by the spinner turning the horizontal wheel with the right hand. The spindles twisted the fibres as they were being drawn out. At the end of the draw, the spindles continued to be rotated until sufficient twist had been put into the fibres to make the finished yarn. This was backed off from the tips of the spindles by reversing them and then, with the spindles turning in the spinning direction once more, the yarn was wound on by the right hand rotating the spindles, the left hand pushing the clove back towards them and one foot operating a pedal which guided the yarn onto the spindles by a faller wire. A piecer was needed to rejoin the yarns when they broke. At first Hargreaves's jenny was worked only by his family, but then he sold two or three of them, possibly to Peel. In 1768, local opposition and a riot in which his house was gutted forced him to flee to Nottingham. He entered into partnership there with Thomas James and established a cotton mill. In 1770 he followed Arkwright's example and sought to patent his machine and brought an action for infringement against some Lancashire manufacturers, who offered £3,000 in settlement. Hargreaves held out for £4,000, but he was unable to enforce his patent because he had sold jennies before leaving Lancashire. Arkwright's "water twist" was more suitable for the Nottingham hosiery industry trade than jenny yarn and in 1777 Hargreaves replaced his own machines with Arkwright's. When he died the following year, he is said to have left property valued at £7,000 and his widow received £400 for her share in the business. Once the jenny had been made public, it was quickly improved by other inventors and the number of spindles per machine increased. In 1784, there were reputed to be 20,000 jennies of 80 spindles each at work. The jenny greatly eased the shortage of cotton weft for weavers.[br]Bibliography1770, British patent no. 962 (spinning jenny).Further ReadingC.Aspin and S.D.Chapman, 1964, James Hargreaves and the Spinning Jenny, Helmshore Local History Society (the fullest account of Hargreaves's life and inventions).For descriptions of his invention, see W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London; R.L. Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester; and W.A.Hunter, 1951–3, "James Hargreaves and the invention of the spinning jenny", Transactions ofthe Newcomen Society 28.A.P.Wadsworth and J. de L.Mann, 1931, The Cotton Trade and Industrial Lancashire, Manchester (a good background to the whole of this period).RLH -
58 fall
fɔ:l
1. сущ.
1) падение;
спуск, снижение to have, take a fall ≈ падать a bad, nasty fall ≈ неудачное падение a free fall( of a parachutist) ≈ свободное падение( парашютиста) The net broke the tightrope walker's fall. ≈ Сетка смягчила падение канатоходца. Syn: descent, drop, falling, dropping, spill, tumble, slip, plummet
2) падение, сбрасывание;
выпадение (осадков) the fall of leaves ≈ сбрасывание листьев a fall of snow ≈ выпадение снега Syn: dropping
3) амер. осень early fall ≈ ранняя осень late fall ≈ поздняя осень in (the) fall ≈ осенью Syn: autumn
4) обыкн. мн. водопад Niagara Falls ≈ Ниагарский водопад We could see the spray from the falls downriver. ≈ Мы видели водяные брызги от водопада вниз по реке. Syn: waterfall, cascade, cataract
5) впадение( реки)
6) а) рождение( обыкн. о ягнятах), окот б) помет, выводок
7) выпадение (волос и т. п.)
8) количество сваленного леса
9) нечто свободно свисающее, ниспадающее а) покрывало, вуаль б) ниспадающий воротник в) широкий передний карман на брюках г) три лепестка (обычно свисающих) ириса д) длинная шерсть на морде у некоторых пород собак е) шиньон из длинных волос
10) а) упадок, закат б) падение, поражение, капитуляция the fall of Troy ≈ падение Трои The fall of the city followed heavy bombardment. ≈ Сдаче города предшествовала сильная бомбардировка. Syn: surrender, capitulation, overthrow, capture, downfall, collapse, defeat
11) моральное падение;
потеря чести;
потеря невинности The play was about the fall of an honest man. ≈ В пьесе говорилось о моральном падении честного человека. Fall of man ≈ грехопадение Syn: corruption, ruin, loss of innocence, deviation from virtue, slip;
downfall
12) спорт а) прижатие соперника спиной к мату (в борьбе) б) схватка, раунд
13) обрыв, склон, откос (холма) ;
скат, спуск Syn: declivity
14) снижение, спад;
падение, понижение (цен), обесценение Yesterday saw a sudden fall in stock prices. ≈ Вчера произошло резкое падение биржевого курса. Syn: drop, decline, lowering, sinking, diminution, decrease, reduction, slump, depreciation;
ebb, subsidence, wane
15) муз. каданс
16) нисходящая интонация( в речи)
17) тех. напор, высота напора
18) тех. канат или цепь подъемного блока (обыкн. block and fall)
19) мор. фал ∙ pride will have a fall посл. ≈ гордыня до добра не доводит
2. гл.;
прош. вр. - fell, прич. прош. вр. - fallen
1) падать to fall off a table ≈ упасть со стола to fall on one's back ≈ падать на спину The apple fell from the tree. ≈ Яблоко упало с дерева. He fell down the stairs. ≈ Он упал с лестницы. Syn: drop, drop down, tumble, topple, collapse, crash down
2) опадать( о листьях) ;
выпадать, идти( об осадках)
3) спускаться, наступать Night fell. ≈ Спустилась ночь.
4) впадать( о реке)
5) рождаться( о ягнятах и т. п.)
6) выпадать (о волосах и т. п.)
7) рубить, валить (деревья) ;
валиться( о дереве)
8) ниспадать;
(свободно) падать (об одежде, волосах и т. п.) Her dress falls in pleats from the waist. ≈ Ее платье спадает от талии свободными складками. Syn: extend down, hang down, slope, droop, cascade;
descend, drop
9) пасть, сдаться, капитулировать;
погибнуть On the third day of the attack, the town fell. ≈ На третий день город пал. Syn: surrender, be captured, be overthrown, be defeated, be taken, pass into enemy hands, collapse, capitulate, succumb;
be destroyed, come to destruction
10) пасть морально, грешить How many innocents have fallen and become hardened sinners! ≈ Сколько невинных пали и стали неисправимыми грешниками! Syn: transgress, give in to temptation, succumb, lapse, sin, depart from rectitude, err
11) браться, приниматься( за что-л.), начинать делать( что-л.) We shall not fall to send our reply. ≈ Мы не замедлим послать наш ответ.
12) приходиться, падать, происходить, иметь место My birthday falls on Sunday. ≈ Мое рождение попадает на воскресенье. Syn: occur, come to pass, happen, take place, come off, come around
13) падать, понижаться, уменьшаться The temperature has fallen. ≈ Температура упала;
похолодало. My spirits fell. ≈ Мое настроение упало. The cost of meat finally fell. ≈ Цены на мясо наконец снизились. Syn: decline, come down, become less, decrease, diminish, become lower, cheapen, depreciate
14) стихать, ослабевать( о ветре и т. п.)
15) потерпеть крах;
разориться
16) обваливаться, оседать
17) попадать to fall into disfavor ≈ попасть в немилость to fall into disrepute ≈ иметь дурную славу to fall into place ≈ добраться до места to fall into a trap ≈ попасть в ловушку to fall under a train ≈ попадать под поезд to fall under smb. 's influence ≈ попадать под чье-л. влияние
18) делиться, распадаться to fall into three categories ≈ делиться на три категории
19) (употребляется как глагол-связка) становиться to fall asleep ≈ заснуть to fall astern ≈ отстать to fall dead ≈ упасть замертво to fall dumb ≈ онеметь to fall silent ≈ замолчать to fall victim (to) ≈ пасть жертвой ∙ fall about fall abreast of fall across fall among fall apart fall away fall back fall back up fall back on fall behind fall below fall down fall for fall foul fall in fall in with fall into fall off fall on fall out fall over fall through fall to fall under fall upon fall within to fall into line воен. ≈ построиться, стать в строй let fall! мор. ≈ отпускай! fall from grace fall in love fall over oneself падение - a * from one's horse падение с лошади - the * of an apple падение яблока - the * of the hammer удар молотка (на аукционе) - intentional * (спортивное) преднамеренное нападение - pin * падение на обе лопатки (борьба) - to take a * быть сбитым с ног падение, закат - the rise and * of the Roman Empire расцвет и упадок Римской империи понижение, падение;
спад - * in temperature понижение /падение/ температуры - the rise and * of the waves волнение моря /воды/ - a * in prices падение цен обыкн. pl водопад - Niagara Falls Ниагарский водопад уклон, обрыв, склон ( холма) - the * of the plain понижение равнины выпадение (волос, зубов) (американизм) осень - * fashions осенние моды - * overcoat( мужское) осеннее пальто выпадение (осадков и т. п.) - a heavy * of rain сильный дождь, ливень - a two-inch * of snow снежный покров в два дюйма толщиной - a * of rocks blocked the road камнепад завалил дорогу - * of leaves опадение листвы впадение реки окот, рождение (ягнят и т. п.) выводок, помет рубка леса срубленный лес покрывало, вуаль ниспадающий воротник накладные волосы в виде "конского хвоста";
шиньон из длинных волос (спортивное) круг, схватка, раунд - he won two *s out of three он выиграл две схватки из трех - to try a * with smb. побороться /померяться силами/ с кем-л. (техническое) напор, высота напора (техническое) канат подъемного блока (обыкн. block and *) (морское) фал (музыкальное) каданс - (the F.) (религия) грехопадение, первородный грех (тж. a * from grace) - before the F. до грехопадения > to ride for a * неосторожно ездить верхом;
действовать безрассудно, неосмотрительго, во вред самому себе > pride will have a * кто высоко заносится, тот низко падает;
всякой гордыне приходит конец падать - to * to the ground упасть на землю - I fell and hurt my knee я упал и ушиб колено - to * out of a window вывалиться из окна - to * down a precipice сорваться с обрыва - to * over a chair in the dark наткнуться на стул в темноте и упасть - to * full length упасть плашмя, растянуться (во весь рост) - to * on (to) one's knees пасть на колени опускаться, спускаться - the curtain *s занавес падает - her hair *s llosely on her shoulders волосы (свободно) спадают ей на плечи - dress *ing freely платье, ниспадающее свободными складками - to * in smb.'s estimation упасть в чьих-л. глазах низко опускаться, склоняться - her head fell on his shoulder она склонила голову ему на плечо - his eyes fell он опустил глаза наступать, опускаться - darkness fell стемнело - a mist fell опустился туман - night is *ing fast надвигается ночь охватывать, одолевать - sleep fell upon them их свалил /одолел/ сон - fear fell upon him его охватил страх падать, понижаться - the temperature fell температура упала - the glass has *en барометр упал - prices have *en цены упали - the market is *ing цены на рынке падают - stocks fell several points акции упали на несколько пунктов - the river has fallen уровень воды в реке понизился, вода в реке спала стихать, ослабевать - the wind fell ветер стих - here his voice fell он заговорил тише;
он сказал это упавшим голосом - the flames rose and fell пламя то разгоралось, то затихало - the music rose and fell музыка звучала то громче, то тише - his anger suddenly fell его гнев внезапно иссяк - the conversation fell for a few minutes разговор стих на несколько минут ухудшаться, портиться - my spirits fell у меня упало настроение пасть;
погибнуть - to * in (a) battle пасть в бою - to * by the sword пасть от меча - two elephants fell to his gun он убил двух слонов - the fortress fell крепость пала - the Cabinet fell правительство пало дохнуть - large numbers of cattle fell in the drought по время засухи был большой падеж скота устремляться, направляться - when his eye fell on me когда он увидел меня - his eye fell on a misprint опечатка бросилась ему в глаза - the sunlight fell upon the mountain лучи солнца осветили гору - music fell on his ear он услышал музыку, до него донеслась музыка опускаться;
идти под уклон - the plain fell to the north равнина понижалась к северу рушиться, обваливаться;
оседать - many houses fell in the earthquake во время землетрясения было разрушено много домов - the bank fell берег осел (on, upon) распространяться, ложиться( на кого-л., что-л.) ;
падать (на кого-л., что-л.) - suspicion fell on him подозрение пало на него - the lot fell on him жребий пал на него - the responsibility *s on me ответственность падает /ложится/ на меня - the expense fell on him расплачиваться пришлось ему - the accent *s (up) on the last syllabe ударение падает на последний слог - May Day this year *s on Monday первомайский праздник в этом году приходится на понедельник (to) выпадать (на чью-л. долю) ;
доставаться( кому-л.) - to * to smb.'s share /to smb.'s lot/ доставаться, выпадать на чью-л. долю - it fell to me to break the news to her на мою долю выпало /мне пришлось/ сообщить ей эту новость - his property *s to his wife его имущество переходит к жене /наследует жена/ - it fell upon me to open the exhibition мне довелось /пришлось/ открывать выставку срываться с уст - not a word fell from his lips с его уст не сорвалось ни единого слова - to let * a word проронить слово - the excellent advice that fell from his lips превосходные советы, которые он раздавал - I agree with what has *en from the last speaker я согласен с тем, что сказал последний оратор (сленг) угодить в тюрьму - he fell twice он два раза сидел пасть (о женщине) ;
утратить целомудрие опадать (о листьях и т. п.;
тж. * off) - blossoms * from the trees цвет опадает с деревьев - the petals are *ing off the flower цветок осыпается выпадать (о волосах, зубах;
часто * out) - a child's first teeth * у ребенка выпадают молочные зубы - his hair is *ing у него выпадают /лезут/ волосы идти, выпадать (о дожде, снеге) - rain is *ing идет дождь - snow fell выпал снег впадать (о реке) - rivers that * into the sea реки, впадающие в море попадать (в ловушку и т. п.) - to * into a snare /a trap/ попасть в ловушку - to * into smb.'s clutches попасть в чьи-л. лапы - to * to temptation поддаться искушению распадаться (на части) - to * (in) to pieces, to * apart /asunder/ распадаться на части - the work *s into three divisions работа делится на три части - they fell into two factions они раскололись на две фракции западать( в голову) ;
приходить( на ум) - when this strange idea fell into his mind когда ему пришла на ум эта странная идея - it fell into my mind to write you a letter мне вдруг захотелось написать вам письмо рождаться (о ягнятах, щенятах и т. п.) - to fall across smb., smth. наталкиваться на кого-л., что-л.;
неожиданно встретить( кого-л.) ;
налететь, нарваться( на что-л., кого-л.) - to fall on /upon/ smb., smth. наталкиваться на кого-л., что-л.;
нападать, набрасываться, бросаться на кого-л., что-л. - she had *en on hard times для нее наступили тяжелые времена - to * upon smb.'s neck кинуться на шею кому-л. - to fall among smb. попадать в какое-л. общество - to * among evil companions попасть в дурную компанию - to * among thieves попасть в руки /в лапы/ грабителей /мошенников/;
(библеизм) попасться разбойникам - to fall under smth. подвергаться чему-л.;
испытывать что-л.;
подпадать под какую-л. категорию и т. п., входить в какую-л. группу и т. п. - to * under smb.'s displeasure заслужить чью-л. немилость, попасть у кого-л. в немилость - to * under suspicion попасть под подозрение - to * under smb.'s power попадать под чью-л. власть - these things do not * under human observation такие явления недоступны человеческому наблюдению - these facts * into another category эти факты относятся к другой категории - to fall within smth. входить в какие-л. границы, пределы и т. п.;
находиться в пределах, сфере чего-л. - to * within a certain sphere of influence находиться в определенной сфере влияния - this doesn't * within my province это вне моей компетенции - to fall in(to) a state приходить, впадать в какое-л. состояние;
доходить до какого-л. состояния;
оказываться в каком-л. положении - to * into rage впадать в ярость /в гнев/ - to * into error впасть в ошибку /в заблуждение/ - to * in love влюбиться - he *s in and out of love very easily он очень влюбчивый человек - to * into talk заговорить, разговориться - the custom fell into abuse этот обычай выродился - to * into a spin (авиация) войти в штопор - to * into disgrace /into disfavour/ впадать в немилость - to fall to (doing) smth. браться, приниматься за что-л., начинать делать что-л. - one night I fell to thinking of the past однажды ночью я задумался о прошлом - she fell to brooding again она снова стала грустить;
ею снова овладели грустные мысли - to fall for smb. (разговорное) увлечься кем-л., влюбиться в кого-л. - every girl *s for him все девушки без ума от него - to fall for smth. (разговорное) попасться на удочку - he at once fell for it он тотчас же попался на эту удочку - he fell for the trick он поддался обману, он попался на удочку как глагол-связка в составном именном сказуемом: - to * asleep засыпать - to * sick заболеть - to * dumb онеметь - to * silent замолчать - to * vacant освободиться - to * due подлежать оплате (о векселе и т. п.) - the rent *s due next Monday срок квартирной платы в будущий понедельник - to * a-laughing (устаревшее) расхохотаться > to * at hand надвигаться, приближаться > to * flat не иметь успеха, не удаться;
не произвести желаемого впечатления > his jokes all fell flat его шутки никого не развеселили > to * over one another doing smth. делать что-л. с чрезмерным усердием;
очень торопиться > to * all over oneself из кожи вон лезть;
стараться изо всех сил > to * foul (морское) столкнуться (с другим судном) ;
ссориться > to * from grace терять расположение;
грешить, сбиваться с пути истинного > to * into line (военное) построиться;
подчиниться, согласиться > to * into place вставать на (свое) место > when he told me his story all the facts I had known before fell into place когда он рассказал мне свою историю, все факты, известные мне и раньше, стали понятны > to * into a habit приобретать привычку, привыкать > to * out of a habit отвыкать > he fell out of the habit of smoking он отвык от курения > to * short (of) потерпеть неудачу;
не хватать;
не достигать цели > his income *s short of his expenditure by $500 его доходы на 500 долларов меньше, чем его расходы > our efforts have *en short наши усилия не увенчались успехом > to * on one's feet счастливо отделаться, удачно выйти из трудного положения > to * to the ground рушиться, оказываться бесполезным /безрезультатным/ > to * on one's face провалиться( с треском) ;
оскандалиться;
потерпеть фиаско > to * between two stools сесть между двух стульев > his face fell у него вытянулось лицо( редкое) ловушка (профессионализм) крик, издаваемый китобоями при виде кита охота на китов ~ into распадаться на;
the book falls into three parts книга распадается на три части ~ приходиться, падать;
доставаться;
his birthday falls on Monday день его рождения приходится на понедельник;
the expense falls on me расход падает на меня fall (обыкн. pl) водопад (напр., Niagara Falls) ~ впадать (о реке;
into - в) ~ впадение (реки) ~ выпадение (волос и т. п.) ~ выпадение осадков;
a heavy fall of rain ливень ~ гибнуть;
to fall in battle пасть в бою;
быть убитым;
the fortress fell крепость пала ~ глагол-связка становиться;
to fall dumb онеметь;
to fall silent замолчать;
to fall asleep заснуть ~ тех. канат или цепь подъемного блока (обыкн. block and fall) ~ количество сваленного леса ~ моральное падение;
потеря чести;
the Fall of man библ. грехопадение ~ тех. напор, высота напора ~ ниспадать;
(свободно) падать (об одежде, волосах и т. п.) ~ опускаться, падать;
the curtain falls занавес опускается;
the temperature has fallen температура упала;
похолодало;
my spirits fell мое настроение упало ~ опускаться ~ оседать, обваливаться ~ амер. осень ~ (fell;
fallen) падать, спадать, понижаться;
the Neva has fallen вода в Неве спала;
prices are falling цены понижаются ~ падать ~ падение;
снижение ~ падение ~ пасть морально ~ понижаться ~ понижение ~ потерпеть крах;
разориться ~ приходиться, падать;
доставаться;
his birthday falls on Monday день его рождения приходится на понедельник;
the expense falls on me расход падает на меня ~ рождаться (о ягнятах и т. п.) ~ рубить (лес) ;
валить (дерево) ;
валиться (о дереве) ;
fall about падать от хохота;
fall abreast of не отставать от;
идти в ногу с ~ снижаться ~ снижение ~ сникнуть;
her face fell ее лицо вытянулось ~ спад;
падение цен, обесценение ~ спад ~ спускаться, сходить;
night fell спустилась ночь ~ стихать (о ветре и т. п.) ~ спорт. схватка (в борьбе) ;
to try a fall (with smb.) бороться (с кем-л.) ~ уклон, обрыв, склон (холма) ;
скат, понижение профиля местности ~ уменьшаться ~ упадок, закат, потеря могущества ~ утратить власть ~ мор. фал;
pride will have a fall посл. = гордый покичился да во прах скатился;
спесь в добро не вводит, гордыня до добра не доведет ~ рубить (лес) ;
валить (дерево) ;
валиться (о дереве) ;
fall about падать от хохота;
fall abreast of не отставать от;
идти в ногу с ~ рубить (лес) ;
валить (дерево) ;
валиться (о дереве) ;
fall about падать от хохота;
fall abreast of не отставать от;
идти в ногу с ~ across встретить случайно;
fall among попасть случайно ~ across встретить случайно;
fall among попасть случайно to ~ astern мор. отстать;
to fall due подлежать уплате( о векселе) ~ away покидать, изменять ~ away спадать;
уменьшаться ~ away чахнуть, сохнуть ~ back отступать ~ back (up) on обращаться( к кому-л.) в нужде ~ back (up) on прибегать( к чему-л.) to ~ dead упасть замертво;
to fall victim (to) пасть жертвой ~ down разг. потерпеть неудачу;
to fall down on one's work не справиться со своей работой ~ due for payment подлежать оплате по сроку ~ глагол-связка становиться;
to fall dumb онеметь;
to fall silent замолчать;
to fall asleep заснуть to ~ flat не произвести ожидаемого впечатления;
his joke fell flat его шутка не имела успеха flat: ~ плоско;
врастяжку, плашмя;
to fall flat упасть плашмя ~ скучный, унылый;
безжизненный;
неэнергичный;
неостроумный;
невразумительный;
to fall flat не произвести впечатления ~ for влюбляться;
чувствовать влечение;
поддаваться( чему-л.) ~ for попадаться на удочку to ~ foul of ссориться;
нападать;
to fall over oneself лезть из кожи вон to ~ foul of мор. сталкиваться to ~ from grace впасть в ересь;
to fall into line воен. построиться, стать в строй;
to fall into line with подчиняться, соглашаться с to ~ from grace согрешить ~ in истекать( о сроке аренды, долга, векселя) ~ in проваливаться, обрушиваться ~ in (with) случайно встретиться, столкнуться ~ in воен. становиться в строй, строиться ~ in (with) уступать;
соглашаться, быть в согласии( с кем-л.) ~ гибнуть;
to fall in battle пасть в бою;
быть убитым;
the fortress fell крепость пала ~ in interest rates понижение процентных ставок to ~ in love влюбляться;
he falls in and out of love too often он непостоянен в любви love: ~ влюбленность;
to be in love (with) быть влюбленным (в) ;
to fall in love (with) влюбиться (в) ;
to fall out of love( with smb.) разлюбить( кого-л.) ~ in oil prices снижение цен на нефть ~ in prices падение цен ~ in prices снижение уровня цен ~ in quotation снижение курса ~ in value снижение стоимости ~ in value of money обесценивание денег ~ into начинать (что-л)., приниматься (за что-л.) ~ into относиться к;
to fall into the category относиться к категории, подпадать под категорию ~ into приходить в определенное состояние: to fall into a rage впадать в бешенство ~ into распадаться на;
the book falls into three parts книга распадается на три части ~ into приходить в определенное состояние: to fall into a rage впадать в бешенство to ~ from grace впасть в ересь;
to fall into line воен. построиться, стать в строй;
to fall into line with подчиняться, соглашаться с to ~ from grace впасть в ересь;
to fall into line воен. построиться, стать в строй;
to fall into line with подчиняться, соглашаться с ~ into относиться к;
to fall into the category относиться к категории, подпадать под категорию ~ of hammer удар молотка (на аукционе) ~ моральное падение;
потеря чести;
the Fall of man библ. грехопадение ~ off мор. не слушаться руля( о корабле) ~ off отпадать;
отваливаться ~ off уменьшаться;
ослабевать ~ on выпадать на (чью-л.) долю ~ on нападать;
набрасываться ~ on приступать( к чему-л.) to ~ on one's face = провалиться с треском, оскандалиться;
to fall to pieces развалиться ~ out выпадать ~ out воен. выходить из строя ~ out случаться;
it so fell out that случилось так, что ~ out ссориться ~ over споткнуться( обо что-л.) ~ over увлекаться to ~ over one another, to ~ over each other драться, бороться, ожесточенно соперничать друг с другом;
let fall! мор. отпускай! to ~ over one another, to ~ over each other драться, бороться, ожесточенно соперничать друг с другом;
let fall! мор. отпускай! to ~ foul of ссориться;
нападать;
to fall over oneself лезть из кожи вон ~ глагол-связка становиться;
to fall dumb онеметь;
to fall silent замолчать;
to fall asleep заснуть ~ through провалиться;
потерпеть неудачу ~ to выпадать, доставаться;
to fall to (smb.'s) lot выпадать на (чью-л.) долю ~ to выпадать ~ to доставаться ~ to нападать ~ to начинать, приниматься (за что-л.) ~ to приниматься за еду ~ to выпадать, доставаться;
to fall to (smb.'s) lot выпадать на (чью-л.) долю to ~ on one's face = провалиться с треском, оскандалиться;
to fall to pieces развалиться ~ to the ground оказаться безрезультатным ground: ~ земля, почва;
грунт;
to fall to the ground упасть;
перен. рушиться (о надежде и т. п.) ;
to take ground приземлиться ~ under подвергаться ~ under подпадать;
to fall under item 26 подпадать под действие раздела 26 ~ under подпадать;
to fall under item 26 подпадать под действие раздела 26 ~ upon нападать ~ upon наталкиваться to ~ dead упасть замертво;
to fall victim (to) пасть жертвой ~ гибнуть;
to fall in battle пасть в бою;
быть убитым;
the fortress fell крепость пала to ~ in love влюбляться;
he falls in and out of love too often он непостоянен в любви ~ выпадение осадков;
a heavy fall of rain ливень ~ сникнуть;
her face fell ее лицо вытянулось ~ приходиться, падать;
доставаться;
his birthday falls on Monday день его рождения приходится на понедельник;
the expense falls on me расход падает на меня to ~ flat не произвести ожидаемого впечатления;
his joke fell flat его шутка не имела успеха ~ out случаться;
it so fell out that случилось так, что to ~ over one another, to ~ over each other драться, бороться, ожесточенно соперничать друг с другом;
let fall! мор. отпускай! ~ опускаться, падать;
the curtain falls занавес опускается;
the temperature has fallen температура упала;
похолодало;
my spirits fell мое настроение упало ~ (fell;
fallen) падать, спадать, понижаться;
the Neva has fallen вода в Неве спала;
prices are falling цены понижаются ~ спускаться, сходить;
night fell спустилась ночь night: by ~ под покровом ночи;
on nights разг. по ночам;
night fell наступила ночь price ~ падение курса ценных бумаг price ~ снижение цен ~ (fell;
fallen) падать, спадать, понижаться;
the Neva has fallen вода в Неве спала;
prices are falling цены понижаются ~ мор. фал;
pride will have a fall посл. = гордый покичился да во прах скатился;
спесь в добро не вводит, гордыня до добра не доведет ~ опускаться, падать;
the curtain falls занавес опускается;
the temperature has fallen температура упала;
похолодало;
my spirits fell мое настроение упало ~ спорт. схватка (в борьбе) ;
to try a fall (with smb.) бороться (с кем-л.) -
59 Á
* * *a negative suffix to verbs, not;era útmakligt, at it is not unmeet that.* * *1.á, prep., often used elliptically, or even adverbially, [Goth. ana; Engl. on; Germ. an. In the Scandinavian idioms the liquid n is absorbed. In English the same has been supposed to happen in adverbial phrases, e. g. ‘along, away, abroad, afoot, again, agate, ahead, aloft, alone, askew, aside, astray, awry,’ etc. It is indeed true that the Ormulum in its northern dialect freq. uses o, even in common phrases, such as ‘o boke, o land, o life, o slæpe, o strande, o write, o naht, o loft,’ etc., v. the glossary; and we may compare on foot and afoot, on sleep (Engl. Vers. of Bible) and asleep; A. S. a-butan and on-butan (about); agen and ongean (again, against); on bæc, aback; on life, alive; on middan, amid. But it is more than likely that in the expressions quoted above, as well as in numberless others, as well in old as in modern English, the English a- as well as the o- of the Ormulum and the modern Scottish and north of England o- are in reality remains of this very á pronounced au or ow, which was brought by the Scandinavian settlers into the north of England. In the struggle for supremacy between the English dialects after the Conquest, the Scandinavian form á or a won the day in many cases to the exclusion of the Anglo-Saxon on. Some of these adverbs have representatives only in the Scandinavian tongues, not in Anglo-Saxon; see below, with dat. B. II, C. VII; with acc. C. I. and VI. The prep. á denotes the surface or outside; í and ór the inside; at, til, and frá, nearness measured to or from an object: á thus answers to the Gr. επί; the Lat. in includes á and i together.]With dat. and acc.: in the first case with the notion of remaining on a place, answering to Lat. in with abl.; in the last with the notion of motion to the place, = Lat. in with acc.WITH DAT.A. Loc.I. generally on, upon; á gólfi, on the floor, Nj. 2; á hendi, on the hand (of a ring), 48, 225; á palli, 50; á steini, 108; á vegg, 115; á sjá ok á landi, on sea and land. In some instances the distinction between d and i is loose and wavering, but in most cases common sense and usage decide; thus ‘á bók’ merely denotes the letters, the penmanship, ‘í’ the contents of a book; mod. usage, however, prefers ‘í,’ lesa í bók, but stafr á bók. Old writers on the other hand; á bókum Enskum, in English books, Landn. 24, but í Aldafars bók, 23 (in the book De Mensurâ Temporum, by Bede), cp. Grág. i. 76, where á is a false reading instead of at; á bréfi, the contents of a letter: of clothing or arms, mítr á höfði, sverð á hlið, mitre on head, sword on side, Fms. i. 266, viii. 404; hafa lykil á sér, on one’s person, 655 xxvii. 22; möttull á tyglum, a mantle hanging on (i. e. fastened by) laces, Fms. vii. 201: á þingi means to be present at a meeting; í þingi, to abide within a jurisdiction; á himni, á jörðu, on (Engl. in) heaven and earth, e. g. in the Lord’s Prayer, but í helviti, in hell; á Gimli, Edda (of a heavenly abode); á báti, á skipi denote crew and cargo, ‘í’ the timber or materials of which a ship is built, Eg. 385; vera í stafni á skipi, 177: á skógi, to be abroad in a wood (of a hunter, robber, deer); but to be situated (a house), at work (to fell timber), í skógi, 573, Fs. 5, Fms. iii. 122, viii. 31, xi. 1, Glúm. 330, Landn. 173; á mörkinni, Fms. i. 8, but í mörk, of a farm; á firðinum means lying in a firth, of ships or islands (on the surface of the water), þær eyjar liggja á Breiðafirði, Ld. 36; but í firði, living in a district named Firth; á landi, Nj. 98, Fms. xi. 386.II. á is commonly used in connection with the pr. names or countries terminating in ‘land,’ Engl. in, á Englandi, Írlandi, Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Saxlandi, Vindlandi, Vínlandi, Grænalandi, Íslandi, Hálogalandi, Rogalandi, Jótlandi, Frakklandi, Hjaltlandi, Jamtalandi, Hvítramannalandi, Norðrlöndum, etc., vide Landn. and the index to Fms. xii. In old writers í is here very rare, in modern authors more frequent; taste and the context in many instances decide. An Icelander would now say, speaking of the queen or king, ‘á Englandi,’ ruling over, but to live ‘í Englandi,’ or ‘á Englandi;’ the rule in the last case not being quite fixed.2. in connection with other names of countries: á Mæri, Vörs, Ögðum, Fjölum, all districts of Norway, v. Landn.; á Mýrum (in Icel.), á Finnmörk, Landn., á Fjóni (a Danish island); but í Danmörk, Svíþjóð (á Svíþjóðu is poët., Gs. 13).3. before Icel. farms denoting open and elevated slopes and spaces (not too high, because then ‘at’ must be used), such as ‘staðr, völlr, ból, hjalli, bakki, heimr, eyri,’ etc.; á Veggjum, Landn. 69; á Hólmlátri, id.: those ending in ‘-staðr,’ á Geirmundarstöðum, Þórisstöðum, Jarðlangsstöðum…, Landn.: ‘-völlr,’ á Möðruvöllum: á Fitjum (the farm) í Storð (the island), í Fenhring (the island) á Aski (the farm), Landn., Eg.: ‘-nes’ sometimes takes á, sometimes í (in mod. usage always ‘í’), á Nesi, Eb. 14, or í Krossnesi, 30; in the last case the notion of island, νησος, prevails: so also, ‘fjörðr,’ as, þeir börðust á Vigrafirði (of a fight o n the ice), Landn. 101, but orusta í Hafrsfirði, 122: with ‘-bær,’ á is used in the sense of a farm or estate, hón sa á e-m bæ mikit hús ok fagrt, Edda 22; ‘í bæ’ means within doors, of the buildings: with ‘Bær’ as pr. name Landn. uses ‘í,’ 71, 160, 257, 309, 332.4. denoting on or just above; of the sun, when the time is fixed by regarding the sun in connection with points in the horizon, a standing phrase in Icel.; sól á gjáhamri, when the sun is on the crag of the Rift, Grág. i. 26, cp. Glúm. 387; so, brú á á, a bridge on a river, Fms. viii. 179, Hrafn. 20; taka hús á e-m, to surprise one, to take the house over his head, Fms. i. 11.III. á is sometimes used in old writers where we should now expect an acc., esp. in the phrase, leggja sverði (or the like) á e-m, or á e-m miðjum, to stab, Eg. 216, Gísl. 106, Band. 14; þá stakk Starkaðr sprotanum á konungi, then Starkad stabbed the king with the wand, Fas. iii. 34; bíta á kampi (vör), to bite the lips, as a token of pain or emotion, Nj. 209, 68; taka á e-u, to touch a thing, lay hold of it, v. taka; fá á e-u, id. (poët.); leggja hendr á (better at) síðum, in wrestling, Fms. x. 331; koma á úvart á e-m, to come on one unawares, ix. 407 (rare).B. TEMP. of a particular point or period of time, at, on, in:I. gener. denoting during, in the course of; á nótt, degi, nætrþeli …, Bs. i. 139; or spec. adding a pron. or an adject., á næsta sumri, the next summer; á því ári, þingi, misseri, hausti, vári, sumri …, during, in that year …, Bs. i. 679, etc.; á þrem sumrum, in the course of three summers, Grág. i. 218; á þrem várum, Fms. ii. 114; á hálfs mánaðar fresti, within half a month’s delay, Nj. 99; á tvítugs, sextugs … aldri, á barns, gamals aldri, etc., at the age of …, v. aldr: á dögum e-s, in the days of, in his reign or time, Landn. 24, Hrafn. 3, Fms. ix. 229.II. used of a fixed recurrent period or season; á várum, sumrum, haustum, vetrum, á kveldum, every spring, summer …, in the evenings, Eg. 711, Fms. i. 23, 25, vi. 394, Landn. 292: with the numeral adverbs, cp. Lat. ter in anno, um sinn á mánuði, ári, once a month, once a year, where the Engl. a is not the article but the preposition, Grág. i. 89.III. of duration; á degi, during a whole day, Fms. v. 48; á sjau nóttum, Bárð. 166; á því meli, during that time, in the meantime, Grág. i. 259.IV. connected with the seasons (á vetri, sumri, vári, hausti), ‘á’ denotes the next preceding season, the last winter, summer, autumn, Eb. 40, 238, Ld. 206: in such instances ‘á’ denotes the past, ‘at’ the future, ‘í’ the present; thus í vetri in old writers means this winter; á vetri, last winter; at vetri, next winter, Eb. 68 (in a verse), etc.C. In various other relations, more or less metaphorically, on, upon, in, to, with, towards, against:I. denoting object, in respect of, against, almost periphrastically; dvelja á náðum e-s, under one’s protection, Fms. i. 74; hafa metnað á e-u, to be proud of, to take pride in a thing, 127.2. denoting a personal relation, in; bæta e-t á e-m, to make amends, i. e. to one personally; misgöra e-t á e-m, to inflict wrong on one; hafa elsku (hatr) á e-m, to bear love ( hatred) to one, Fms. ix. 242; hefna sín á e-m, to take revenge on one’s person, on anyone; rjúfa sætt á e-m, to break truce on the person of any one, to offend against his person, Nj. 103; hafa sár á sér, 101; sjá á e-m, to read on or in one’s face; sér hann á hverjum manni hvárt til þín er vel eðr illa, 106; var þat brátt auðséð á hennar högum, at …, it could soon be seen in all her doings, that …, Ld. 22.3. also generally to shew signs of a thing; sýna fáleika á sér, to shew marks of displeasure, Nj. 14, Fs. 14; taka vel, illa, lítt, á e-u, to take a thing well, ill, or indifferently, id.; finna á sér, to feel in oneself; fann lítt á honum, hvárt …, it could hardly be seen in his face, whether …, Eb. 42; líkindi eru á, it is likely, Ld. 172; göra kost á e-u, to give a choice, chance of it, 178; eiga vald á e-u, to have power over …, Nj. 10.II. denoting encumbrance, duty, liability; er fimtardómsmál á þeim, to be subject to …, Nj. 231; the phrase, hafa e-t á hendi, or vera á hendi e-m, on one’s hands, of work or duty to be done; eindagi á fé, term, pay day, Grág. i. 140; ómagi (skylda, afvinna) á fé, of a burden or encumbrance, D. I. and Grág. in several passages.III. with a personal pronoun, sér, mér, honum …, denoting personal appearance, temper, character, look, or the like; vera þungr, léttr … á sér, to be heavy or light, either bodily or mentally; þungr á sér, corpulent, Sturl. i. 112; kátr ok léttr á sér, of a gay and light temper, Fms. x. 152; þat bragð hafði hann á sér, he looked as if, … the expression of his face was as though …, Ld., cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á sér svip, bragð, æði, sið, of one’s manner or personal appearance, to bear oneself as, or the like; skjótr (seinn) á fæti, speedy ( slow) of foot, Nj. 258.IV. as a periphrasis of the possessive pronoun connected with the limbs or parts of the body. In common Icel. such phrases as my hands, eyes, head … are hardly ever used, but höfuð, eyru, hár, nef, munnr, hendr, fætr … á mér; so ‘í’ is used of the internal parts, e. g. hjarta, bein … í mér; the eyes are regarded as inside the body, augun í honum: also without the possessive pronoun, or as a periphrasis for a genitive, brjóstið á e-m, one’s breast, Nj. 95, Edda 15; súrnar í augum, it smarts in my eyes, my eyes smart, Nj. 202; kviðinn á sér, its belly, 655 xxx. 5, Fms. vi. 350; hendr á henni, her hands, Gísl. (in a verse); í vörunum á honum, on his lips, Band. 14; ristin á honum, his step, Fms. viii. 141; harðr í tungu, sharp of tongue, Hallfred (Fs. 114); kalt (heitt) á fingrum, höndum, fótum …, cold ( warm) in the fingers, hands, feet …, i. e. with cold fingers, etc.; cp. also the phrase, verða vísa (orð) á munni, of extemporising verses or speeches, freq. in the Sagas; fastr á fótum, fast by the leg, of a bondsman, Nj. 27: of the whole body, díla fundu þeir á honum, 209. The pers. pron. is used only in solemn style (poetry, hymns, the Bible), and perhaps only when influenced by foreign languages, e. g. mitt hjarta hví svo hryggist þú, as a translation of ‘warumb betrübst du dich mein Herz?’ the famous hymn by Hans Sachs; instead of the popular hjartað í mér, Sl. 43, 44: hjartað mitt is only used as a term of endearment, as by a husband to his wife, parents to their child, or the like, in a metaphorical sense; the heart proper is ‘í mér,’ not ‘mitt.’2. of other things, and as a periphrasis of a genitive, of a part belonging to the whole, e. g. dyrr á husi = húsdyrr, at the house-doors; turn á kirkju = kirkju turn; stafn, skutr, segl, árar … á skipi, the stem, stern, sail … of a ship, Fms. ix. 135; blöð á lauk, á tré …, leaves of a leek, of a tree …, Fas. i. 469; egg á sverði = sverðs egg; stafr á bók; kjölr á bók, and in endless other instances.V. denoting instrumentality, by, on, or a-, by means of; afla fjár á hólmgöngum, to make money a-duelling, by means of duels, Eg. 498; á verkum sínum, to subsist on one’s own work, Njarð. 366: as a law term, sekjast á e-ju, to be convicted upon …, Grág. i. 123; sekst maðr þar á sínu eigini ( a man is guilty in re sua), ef hann tekr af þeim manni er heimild ( possessio) hefir til, ii. 191; falla á verkum sínum, to be killed flagranti delicto, v. above; fella e-n á bragði, by a sleight in wrestling; komast undan á flótta, to escape by flight, Eg. 11; á hlaupi, by one’s feet, by speed, Hkr. ii. 168; lifa á e-u, to feed on; bergja á e-u, to taste of a thing; svala sér á e-u, to quench the thirst on.VI. with subst. numerals; á þriðja tigi manna, up to thirty, i. e. from about twenty to thirty, Ld. 194; á öðru hundraði skipa, from one to two hundred sail strong, Fms. x. 126; á níunda tigi, between eighty and ninety years of age, Eg. 764, v. above: used as prep., á hendi, on one’s hand, i. e. bound to do it, v. hönd.VII. in more or less adverbial phrases it may often be translated in Engl. by a participle and a- prefixed; á lopti, aloft; á floti, afloat; á lífi, alive; á verðgangi, a-begging; á brautu, away; á baki, a-back, behind, past; á milli, a-tween; á laun, alone, secretly; á launungu, id.; á móti, against; á enda, at an end, gone; á huldu, hidden; fara á hæli, to go a-heel, i. e. backwards, Fms. vii. 70;—but in many cases these phrases are transl. by the Engl. partic. with a, which is then perh. a mere prefix, not a prep., á flugi, a-flying in the air, Nj. 79; vera á gangi, a-going; á ferli, to be about; á leiki, a-playing, Fms. i. 78; á sundi, a-swimming, ii. 27; á verði, a-watching, x. 201; á hrakningi, a-wandering; á reiki, a-wavering; á skjálfi, a-shivering; á-hleri, a-listening; á tali, a-talking, Ísl. ii. 200; á hlaupi, a-running, Hkr. ii. 268; á verki, a-working; á veiðum, a-hunting; á fiski, a-fishing; á beit, grazing: and as a law term it even means in flagranti, N. G. L. i. 348.VIII. used absolutely without a case in reference to the air or the weather, where ‘á’ is almost redundant; þoka var á mikil, a thick fog came on, Nj. 267; niðamyrkr var á, pitch darkness came on, Eg. 210; allhvast á norðan, a very strong breeze from the north, Fms. ix. 20; þá var á norðrænt, a north wind came on, 42, Ld. 56; hvaðan sem á er, from whatever point the wind is; var á hríð veðrs, a snow storm came on, Nj. 282; görði á regn, rain came on, Fms. vi. 394, xi. 35, Ld. 156.WITH ACC.A. Loc.I. denoting simple direction towards, esp. connected with verbs of motion, going, or the like; hann gékk á bergsnös, Eg. 389; á hamar, Fas. ii. 517.2. in phrases denoting direction; liggja á útborða, lying on the outside of the ship, Eg. 354; á annat borð skipinu, Fms. vii. 260; á bæði borð, on both sides of the ship, Nj. 124, Ld. 56; á tvær hliðar, on both sides, Fms. v. 73. Ísl. ii. 159; á hlið, sidewards; út á hlið, Nj. 262, Edda 44; á aðra hönd henni, Nj. 50, Ld. 46; höggva á tvær hendr, to hew or strike right and left, Ísl. ii. 368, Fas. i. 384, Fms. viii. 363, x. 383.3. upp á, upon; hann tók augu Þjaza ok kastaði upp á himin, Edda 47: with verbs denoting to look, see, horfa, sjá, líta, etc.; hann rak skygnur á land, he cast glances towards the land, Ld. 154.II. denoting direction with or without the idea of arriving:1. with verbs denoting to aim at; of a blow or thrust, stefna á fótinn, Nj. 84; spjótið stefnir á hann miðjan, 205: of the wind, gékk veðrit á vestr, the wind veered to west, Fms. ix. 28; sigla á haf, to stand out to sea, Hkr. i. 146, Fms. i. 39: with ‘út’ added, Eg. 390, Fms. x. 349.2. conveying the notion of arriving, or the intervening space being traversed; spjótið kom á miðjan skjöldinn, Eg. 379, Nj. 96, 97; langt upp á land, far up inland, Hkr. i. 146: to reach, taka ofan á belti, of the long locks of a woman, to reach down to the belt, Nj. 2; ofan á bringu, 48; á þa ofan, 91.III. without reference to the space traversed, connected with verbs denoting to go, turn, come, ride, sail, throw, or the like, motion of every kind; hann kastar honum á völlinn, he flings him down, Nj. 91; hlaupa á skip sitt, to leap on board his ship, 43; á hest, to mount quickly, Edda 75; á lend hestinum, Nj. 91; hann gengr á sáðland sitt, he walks on to his fields, 82: on, upon, komast á fætr, to get upon one’s legs, 92; ganga á land, to go a-shore, Fms. i. 40; ganga á þing, vii. 242, Grág. (often); á skóg, á merkr ok skóga, into a wood, Fb. i. 134, 257, Fms. xi. 118, Eg. 577, Nj. 130; fara á Finnmörk, to go travelling in Finmark, Fms. i. 8; koma, fara á bæ, to arrive at the farm-house; koma á veginn, Eg. 578; stíga á bát, skip, to go on board, 158; hann gékk upp á borg, he went up to the burg (castle), 717; en er þeir komu á loptriðið, 236; hrinda skipum á vatn, to float the ships down into the water, Fms. i. 58; reka austr á haf, to drift eastwards on the sea, x. 145; ríða ofan á, to ride down or over, Nj. 82.IV. in some cases the acc. is used where the dat. would be used, esp. with verbs denoting to see or hear, in such phrases as, þeir sá boða mikinn inn á fjörðinn, they saw great breakers away up in the bight of the firth, the acc. being due perhaps to a motion or direction of the eye or ear towards the object, Nj. 124; sá þeir fólkit á land, they saw the people in the direction of land, Fas. ii. 517: in phrases denoting to be placed, to sit, to be seated, the seat or bench is freq. in the acc. where the dat. would now be used; konungr var þar á land upp, the king was then up the country, the spectator or narrator is conceived as looking from the shore or sea-side, Nj. 46; sitja á miðjan bekk, to be seated on the middle bench, 50; skyldi konungs sæti vera á þann bekk … annat öndvegi var á hinn úæðra pall; hann setti konungs hásæti á miðjan þverpall, Fms. vi. 439, 440, cp. Fagrsk. l. c., Sturl. iii. 182; eru víða fjallbygðir upp á mörkina, in the mark or forest, Eg. 58; var þar mörk mikil á land upp, 229; mannsafnaðr er á land upp (viewed from the sea), Ld. 76; stóll var settr á mótið, Fas. i. 58; beiða fars á skip, to beg a passage, Grág. i. 90.V. denoting parts of the body; bíta e-n á barka, to bite one in the throat, Ísl. ii. 447; skera á háls, to cut the throat of any one, Nj. 156; brjóta e-n á háls, to break any one’s neck; brjóta e-n á bak, to break any one’s back, Fms. vii. 119; kalinn á kné, frozen to the knees with cold, Hm. 3.VI. denoting round; láta reipi á háls hesti, round his horse’s neck, 623. 33; leggja söðul á hest, Nj. 83; and ellipt., leggja á, to saddle; breiða feld á hofuð sér, to wrap a cloak over his head, 164; reyta á sik mosa, to gather moss to cover oneself with, 267; spenna hring á hönd, á fingr, Eg. 300.VII. denoting a burden; stela mat á tvá hesta, hey á fimtán hesta, i. e. a two, a fifteen horse load, Nj. 74: metaph., kjósa feigð á menn, to choose death upon them, i. e. doom them to death, Edda 22.B. TEMP.I. of a period of time, at, to; á morgun, to-morrow (í morgun now means the past morning, the morning of to-day), Ísl. ii. 333.II. if connected with the word day, ‘á’ is now used before a fixed or marked day, a day of the week, a feast day, or the like; á Laugardag, á Sunnudag …, on Saturday, Sunday, the Old Engl. a-Sunday, a-Monday, etc.; á Jóladaginn, Páskadaginn, on Yule and Easter-day; but in old writers more often used ellipt. Sunnudaginn, Jóladaginn …, by dropping the prep. ‘á,’ Fms. viii. 397, Grág. i. 18.III. connected with ‘dagr’ with the definite article suffixed, ‘á’ denotes a fixed, recurring period or season, in; á daginn, during the day-time, every day in turn, Grett. 91 A.IV. connected with ‘evening, morning, the seasons,’ with the article; á kveldit, every evening, Ld. 14; á sumarit, every summer, Vd. 128, where the new Ed. Fs. 51 reads sumrum; á haust, every autumn, Eg. 741 (perh. a misprint instead of á haustin or á haustum); á vetrinn, in the winter time, 710; á várit, every spring, Gþl. 347; the sing., however, is very rare in such cases, the old as well as mod. usage prefers the plur.; á nætrnar, by night, Nj. 210; á várin, Eg. 710; á sumrin, haustin, á morgnana, in the morning (á morgin, sing., means to-morrow); á kveldin, in the evening, only ‘dagr’ is used in sing., v. above (á daginn, not á dagana); but elliptically and by dropping the article, Icelanders say, kveld og morgna, nótt og dag, vetr sumar vor og haust, in the same sense as those above mentioned.V. denoting duration, the article is dropped in the negative phrase, aldri á sinn dag, never during one’s life; aldri á mína daga, never in my life, Bjarn. 8, where a possess. pron. is put between noun and prep., but this phrase is very rare. Such phrases as, á þann dag, that day, and á þenna dag, Stj. 12, 655 xxx. 2. 20, are unclassical.VI. á dag without article can only be used in a distributive sense, e. g. tvisvar á dag, twice a-day; this use is at present freq. in Icel., yet instances from old writers are not on record.VII. denoting a movement onward in time, such as, liðið á nótt, dag, kveld, morgun, sumar, vetr, vár, haust (or nóttina, daginn …), jól, páska, föstu, or the like, far on in the night, day …, Edda 33; er á leið vetrinn, when the winter was well on, as the winter wore on, Nj. 126; cp. áliðinn: also in the phrase, hniginn á inn efra aldr, well stricken in years, Ld. 68.C. Metaph. and in various relations:I. somewhat metaphorically, denoting an act only (not the place); fara á fund, á vit e-s, to call for one, Eg. 140; koma á ræðu við e-n, to come to a parley with, to speak, 173; ganga á tal, Nj. 103; skora á hólm, to challenge to a duel on an island; koma á grið, to enter into a service, to be domiciled, Grág. i. 151; fara á veiðar, to go a-hunting, Fms. i. 8.β. generally denoting on, upon, in, to; bjóða vöxtu á féit, to offer interest on the money, Grág. i. 198; ganga á berhögg, to come to blows, v. berhögg; fá á e-n, to make an impression upon one, Nj. 79; ganga á vápn e-s, to throw oneself on an enemy’s weapon, meet him face to face, Rd. 310; ganga á lagið, to press on up the spear-shaft after it has passed through one so as to get near one’s foe, i. e. to avail oneself of the last chance; bera fé á e-n, to bribe, Nj. 62; bera öl á e-n, to make drunk, Fas. i. 13; snúinn á e-t, inclined to, Fms. x. 142; sammælast á e-t, to agree upon, Nj. 86; sættast, verða sáttr á e-t, in the same sense, to come to an agreement, settlement, or atonement, 78, Edda 15, Eb. 288, Ld. 50, Fms. i. 279; ganga á mála, to serve for pay as a soldier, Nj. 121; ganga á vald e-s, to put oneself in his power, 267; ganga á sætt, to break an agreement; vega á veittar trygðir, to break truce, Grág. ii. 169.II. denoting in regard to, in respect to:1. of colour, complexion, the hue of the hair, or the like; hvítr, jarpr, dökkr … á hár, having white, brown, or dark … hair, Ísl. ii. 190, Nj. 39; svartr á brún ok brá, dark of brow and eyebrow; dökkr á hörund, id., etc.2. denoting skill, dexterity; hagr á tré, a good carpenter; hagr á járn, málm, smíðar …, an expert worker in iron, metals …, Eg. 4; fimr á boga, good at the bow: also used of mastership in science or arts, meistari á hörpuslátt, a master in striking the harp, Fas. iii. 220; fræðimaðr á kvæði, knowing many poems by heart, Fms. vi. 391; fræðimaðr á landnámssögur ok forna fræði, a learned scholar in histories and antiquities (of Are Frode), Ísl. ii. 189; mikill á íþrótt, skilful in an art, Edda (pref.) 148; but dat. in the phrase, kunna (vel) á skíðum, to be a cunning skater, Fms. i. 9, vii. 120.3. denoting dimensions; á hæð, lengd, breidd, dýpt …, in the heighth, length, breadth, depth …, Eg. 277; á hvern veg, on each side, Edda 41 (square miles); á annan veg, on the one side, Grág. i. 89.β. the phrase, á sik, in regard to oneself, vel (illa) á sik kominn, of a fine ( ugly) appearance, Ld. 100, Fas. iii. 74.III. denoting instrumentality; bjargast á sínar hendr, to live on the work of one’s own hands, (á sínar spýtur is a mod. phrase in the same sense); (vega) á skálir, pundara, to weigh in scales, Grág. ii. 370; at hann hefði tvá pundara, ok hefði á hinn meira keypt en á hinn minna selt, of a man using two scales, a big one for buying and a little one for selling, Sturl. i. 91; á sinn kostnað, at one’s own expense; nefna e-n á nafn, by name, Grág. i. 17, etc. The Icel. also say, spinna á rokk, snældu, to spin on or with a rock or distaff; mala á kvern, to grind in a ‘querne,’ where Edda 73 uses dat.; esp. of musical instruments, syngja, leika á hljóðfæri, hörpu, gígju …; in the old usage, leika hörpu …, Stj. 458.IV. denoting the manner or way of doing:1. á þessa lund, in this wise, Grág. ii. 22; á marga vega, á alla, ymsa vega, in many, all, respects, Fms. i. 114; á sitt hóf, in its turn, respectively, Ld. 136, where the context shews that the expression answers to the Lat. mutatis mutandis; á Þýðersku, after German fashion, Sks. 288.2. esp. of language; mæla, rita á e-a tungu, to speak, write in a tongue; á Írsku, in Irish, Ld. 76; Norrænu, in Norse, Eb. 330, Vm. 35; a Danska tungu, in Danish, i. e. Scandinavian, Norse, or Icelandic, Grág. i. 18; á Vára tungu, i. e. in Icelandic, 181; rita á Norræna tungu, to write in Norse, Hkr. (pref.), Bs. i. 59:—at present, dat. is sometimes used.3. in some phrases the acc. is used instead of the dat.; hann sýndi á sik mikit gaman, Fms. x. 329; hann lét ekki á sik finna, he shewed no sign of motion, Nj. 111; skaltú önga fáleika á þik gera (Cod. Kalf.), 14.V. used in a distributive sense; skal mörk kaupa gæzlu á kú, eðr oxa fim vetra gamlan, a mark for every cow, Grág. i. 147; alin á hvert hross, 442; á mann, per man (now freq.): cp. also á dag above, lit. B.VI. connected with nouns,1. prepositional; á hendr (with dat.), against; á hæla, at heel, close behind; á bak, at back, i. e. past, after; á vit (with gen.), towards.2. adverbially; á braut, away, abroad; á víxl, in turns; á mis, amiss; á víð ok dreif, a-wide and a-drift, i. e. dispersedly.3. used almost redundantly before the following prep.; á eptir, after, behind; á undan, in front of; á meðal, á milli, among; á mót, against; á við, about, alike; á frá (cp. Swed. ifrån), from (rare); á fyrir = fyrir, Haustl. 1; á hjá, beside (rare); á fram, a-head, forwards; á samt, together; ávalt = of allt, always: following a prep., upp á, upon; niðr á, down upon; ofan á, eptir á, post eventum, (temp.) á eptir is loc., id., etc.VII. connected with many transitive verbs, answering to the Lat. ad- or in-, in composition, in many cases periphrastically for an objective case. The prep. generally follows after the verb, instead of being prefixed to it as in Lat., and answers to the Engl. on, to; heita kalla, hrópa á, to call on; heyra, hlusta, hlyða á, to hearken to, listen to; hyggja, hugsa á, to think on; minna á, to remind; sjá, líta, horfa, stara, mæna, glápa, koma auga … á, to look on; girnast á, to wish for; trúa á, to believe on; skora á, to call on any one to come out, challenge; kæra á, to accuse; heilsa á, to greet; herja, ganga, ríða, hlaupa, ráða … á, to fall on, attack, cp. ágangr, áreið, áhlaup; ljúga á, to tell lies of, to slander; telja á, to carp at; ausa, tala, hella, kasta, verpa … á, to pour, throw on; ríða, bera, dreifa á, to sprinkle on; vanta, skorta á, to fall short of; ala á, to plead, beg; leggja á, to throw a spell on, lay a saddle on; hætta á, to venture on; gizka á, to guess at; kveða á, to fix on, etc.: in a reciprocal sense, haldast á, of mutual strife; sendast á, to exchange presents; skrifast á, to correspond (mod.); kallast á, to shout mutually; standast á, to coincide, so as to be just opposite one another, etc.2.f. [Lat. aqua; Goth. ahva; Hel. aha; A. S. eâ; O. H. G. aha, owa; cp. Germ. ach and aue; Fr. eau, eaux; Engl. Ax-, Ex-, etc., in names of places; Swed.-Dan. å; the Scandinavians absorb the hu, so that only a single vowel or diphthong remains of the whole word]:—a river. The old form in nom. dat. acc. sing. is , v. the introduction to A, page 1, Bs. i. 333 sq., where ́n, ́ (acc.), and ́na; so also Greg. 677; the old fragm. of Grág. ii. 222, 223, new Ed. In the Kb. of the Edda the old form occurs twice, viz. page 75, ́na (acc.), (but two lines below, ána), í ́nni (dat.) The old form also repeatedly occurs in the Kb. and Sb. of the Grág., e. g. ii. 266, 267: gen. sing. ár; nom. pl. ár, gen. á contracted, dat. ám, obsolete form ́m; Edda 43, Eg. 80, 99, 133, 185: proverbs, at ósi skal á stemma, answering to the Lat. principiis obsta, Edda 60; hér kemr á til sæfar, here the river runs into the sea, metaph. = this is the very end, seems to have been a favourite ending of old poems; it is recorded in the Húsdrápa and the Norðsetadrápa, v. Edda 96, Skálda 198; cp. the common saying, oil vötn renna til sævar, ‘all waters run into the sea.’ Rivers with glacier water are in Icel. called Hvítá, White river, or Jökulsá: Hitá, Hot river, from a hot spring, opp. to Kaldá, v. Landn.: others take a name from the fish in them, as Laxá, Lax or Salmon river (freq.); Örriða á, etc.: a tributary river is þverá, etc.: ár in the Njála often means the great rivers Ölfusá and Þjórsá in the south of Iceland. Áin helga, a river in Sweden, Hkr. ii: á is also suffixed to the names of foreign rivers, Tempsá = Thames; Dóná, Danube (Germ. Don-au), (mod.), etc. Vide Edda (Gl.) 116, 117, containing the names of over a hundred North-English and Scottish rivers.COMPDS: áráll, árbakki, árbrot, ardjúp, árfarvegr, árfors, árgljúfr, árhlutr, ármegin, árminni, ármót, áróss, árreki, árstraumr, árströnd, árvað, árvegr, árvöxtr. -
60 traho
trăho, xi, ctum, 3 ( inf. perf. sync. traxe, Verg. A. 5, 786), v. a. [cf. Sanscr. trankh, trakh, to move; Gr. trechô, to run], to draw, drag, or haul, to drag along; to draw off, forth, or away, etc. (syn.: tracto, rapio, rapto, duco).I.Lit.A.In gen.:B.Amphitruonem collo,
Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 72:cum a custodibus in fugā trinis catenis vinctus traheretur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 53:trahebatur passis Priameïa virgo Crinibus a templo Cassandra,
Verg. A. 2, 403:corpus tractum et laniatum abjecit in mare,
Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5:materiam (malagmata),
Cels. 4, 7:bilem,
Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54:vapor porro trahit aëra secum,
Lucr. 3, 233:limum harenamque et saxa ingentia fluctus trahunt,
Sall. J. 78, 3: Charybdis naves ad litora trahit, id. Fragm. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 3, 425; cf.:Scyllam naves in saxa trahentem, Verg. l. l.: (haematiten) trahere in se argentum, aes, ferrum,
Plin. 36, 20, 38, § 146: Gy. Amiculum hoc sustolle saltem. Si. Sine trahi, cum egomet trahor, let it drag or trail, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 117; cf.:tragula ab eo, quod trahitur per terram,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 139 Müll.:sarcinas,
Sen. Ep. 44, 6:vestem per pulpita,
Hor. A. P. 215:plaustra per altos montes cervice (boves),
Verg. G. 3, 536:siccas machinae carinas,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 2:genua aegra,
Verg. A. 5, 468:trahantur per me pedibus omnes rei,
Cic. Fam. 7, 32, 2; cf.:aliquem ad praetorem,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 45:praecipitem in pistrinum,
id. Ps. 1, 5, 79:Hectorem circum sua Pergama,
to drag, trail, Ov. M. 12, 591. —Of a train of soldiers, attendants, etc.: Scipio gravem jam spoliis multarum urbium exercitum trahens,
Liv. 30, 9, 10:ingentem secum occurrentium prosequentiumque trahentes turbam,
id. 45, 2, 3; 6, 3, 4; cf.:sacra manu victosque deos parvumque nepotem Ipse trahit,
Verg. A. 2, 321:secum legionem,
Val. Max. 3, 2, 20:feminae pleraeque parvos trahentes liberos, ibant,
Curt. 3, 13, 12; 5, 5, 15:uxor, quam comitem trahebat,
id. 8, 3, 2:folium secum,
Val. Max. 4, 3, 12:cum privato comitatu quem semper secum trahere moris fuit,
Vell. 2, 40, 3:magnam manum Thracum secum,
id. 2, 112, 4.—In partic.1.To draw out, pull out, extract, withdraw:2.trahens haerentia viscere tela,
drawing out, extracting, Ov. M. 6, 290:ferrum e vulnere,
id. ib. 4, 120:e corpore ferrum,
id. F. 5, 399:de corpore telum,
id. M. 5, 95; cf.:gladium de visceribus,
Mart. 1, 14, 2:manu lignum,
Ov. M. 12, 371; cf.:te quoque, Luna, traho (i. e. de caelo),
draw down, id. ib. 7, 207:captum Jovem Caelo trahit,
Sen. Oct. 810. —To draw together, bring together, contract, wrinkle:3.at coria et carnem trahit et conducit in unum,
Lucr. 6, 968:in manibus vero nervi trahere,
id. 6, 1190:vultum rugasque coëgit,
Ov. Am. 2, 2, 33.—Of fluids, etc., to draw in, take in, quaff; draw, draw up: si pocula arente fauce traxerim, had drawn in, i. e. quaffed, Hor. Epod. 14, 4; cf. Ov. M. 15, 330:4.aquas,
Luc. 7, 822:venena ore,
id. 9, 934:ubera,
id. 3, 351 al.:ex puteis jugibus aquam calidam trahi (videmus),
Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 25: navigium aquam trahit, draws or lets in water, leaks, Sen. Ira, 2, 10, 5; cf.:sanguinem jumento de cervice,
to draw, let, Veg. Vet. 3, 43.—Of smelling:odorem naribus,
Phaedr. 3, 1, 4.—Of drawing in the breath, inhaling:auras ore,
Ov. M. 2, 230:animam,
Plin. 11, 3, 2, § 6; cf.:Servilius exiguā in spe trahebat animam,
Liv. 3, 6, 8:spiritum,
to draw breath, Col. 6, 9, 3; Sen. Ira, 3, 43, 4; Cels. 4, 4; Curt. 3, 6, 10: spiritum extremum, [p. 1886] Phaedr. 1, 21, 4:penitus suspiria,
to heave sighs, to sigh, Ov. M. 2, 753:vocem imo a pectore,
Verg. A. 1, 371.—To take on, assume, acquire, get:5.Iris Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,
Verg. A. 4, 701:squamam cutis durata trahebat,
Ov. M. 3, 675:colorem,
id. ib. 2, 236;14, 393: ruborem,
id. ib. 3, 482;10, 595: calorem,
id. ib. 11, 305:lapidis figuram,
id. ib. 3, 399:maturitatem,
Col. 1, 6, 20:sucum,
id. 11, 3, 60:robiginem,
Plin. 36, 18, 30, § 136. —To drag away violently, to carry off, plunder, = agein kai pherein:6.cetera rape, trahe,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 12:rapere omnes, trahere,
Sall. C. 11, 4:quibus non humana ulla neque divina obstant, quin... in opes potentisque trahant exscindant,
id. H. 4, 61, 17 Dietsch:sibi quisque ducere, trahere, rapere,
id. J. 41, 5:de aliquo trahere spolia,
Cic. Balb. 23, 54:praedam ex agris,
Liv. 25, 14, 11:tantum jam praedae hostes trahere, ut, etc.,
id. 10, 20, 3; cf.:pastor cum traheret per freta navibus Idaeis Helenen,
Hor. C. 1, 15, 1.—Trahere pecuniam (for distrahere), to make away with, to dissipate, squander:7.omnibus modis pecuniam trahunt, vexant,
Sall. C. 20, 12.—Of drugs, etc., to purge, rcmove, clear away:8.bilem ex alvo,
Plin. 25, 5, 22, § 54; 26, 8, 42, § 69:pituitam,
id. 21, 23, 94, § 166:cruditates, pituitas, bilem,
id. 32, 9, 31, § 95.—Trahere lanam, vellera, etc., to draw out lengthwise, i. e. to spin, manufacture: manibus trahere lanam, Varr. ap. Non. 545, 12:II.lanam,
Juv. 2, 54:vellera digitis,
Ov. M. 14, 265:data pensa,
id. ib. 13, 511; id. H. 3, 75:Laconicas purpuras,
Hor. C. 2, 18, 8.—Trop.,A.In gen.1.To draw, draw along; to attract, allure, influence, etc.:2.trahimur omnes studio laudis et optimus quisque maxime gloriā ducitur,
Cic. Arch. 11, 26; cf.:omnes trahimur et ducimur ad cognitionis et scientiae cupiditatem,
id. Off. 1, 6, 18:allicere delectatione et viribus trahere,
Quint. 5, 14, 29:trahit sua quemque voluptas,
Verg. E. 2, 65: aliquem in aliam partem, to bring or gain over, Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2; so,Drusum in partes,
Tac. A. 4, 60:civitatem ad regem,
Liv. 42, 44, 3:aliquem in suam sententiam,
id. 5, 25, 1; cf.also: rem ad Poenos,
id. 24, 2, 8; 23, 8, 2:res ad Philippum,
id. 32, 19, 2:ni ea res longius nos ab incepto traheret,
draw off, divert, Sall. C. 7, 7.—To drag, lead, bring:3.plures secum in eandem calamitatem,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:Lucanos ad defectionem,
Liv. 25, 16, 6:quo fata trahunt retrahuntque, sequamur,
Verg. A. 5, 709: ducunt volentem fata, nolentem trahunt, Cleanth. ap. Sen. Ep. 107, 11.—To draw to, i. e. appropriate, refer, ascribe, set down to, etc.:4.atque egomet me adeo cum illis una ibidem traho,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 166: St. Quid quod dedisti scortis? Le. Ibidem una traho, id. ib. 2, 4, 10:hi numero avium regnum trahebant,
drew to their side, laid claim to, claimed, Liv. 1, 7, 1; cf.:qui captae decus Nolae ad consulem trahunt,
id. 9, 28, 6:omnia non bene consulta in virtutem trahebantur,
were set down to, referred, attributed, Sall. J. 92, 2:ornatum ipsius (ducis) in superbiam,
Tac. H. 2, 20:cuncta Germanici in deterius,
id. A. 1, 62 fin.:fortuita ad culpam,
id. ib. 4, 64:id ad clementiam,
id. ib. 12, 52; cf.:aliquid in religionem,
Liv. 5, 23, 6:cur abstinuerit spectaculo ipse, varie trahebant,
Tac. A. 1, 76 fin.:in se crimen,
Ov. M. 10, 68:spinas Traxit in exemplum,
adopted, id. ib. 8, 245. —To drag, distract, etc.:5.quae meum animum divorse trahunt,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 25:trahi in aliam partem mente atque animo,
Caes. B. C. 1, 21:Vologeses diversas ad curas trahebatur,
Tac. A. 15, 1.—To weigh, ponder, consider:6.belli atque pacis rationes trahere,
Sall. J. 97, 2; cf. id. ib. 84, 4: trahere consilium, to form a decision or determination, id. ib. 98, 3.—To get, obtain, derive: qui majorem ex pernicie et peste rei publicae molestiam traxerit, who has derived, i. e. has received, suffered, Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 1:7.qui cognomen ex contumeliā traxerit,
id. Phil. 3, 6, 16:nomen e causis,
Plin. 15, 14, 15, § 51:inde nomen,
id. 36, 20, 38, § 146:nomen ab illis,
Ov. M. 4, 291:originem ab aliquo,
to derive, deduce, Plin. 5, 24, 21, § 86; 6, 28, 32, § 157:scio ab isto initio tractum esse sermonem,
i. e. has arisen, Cic. Brut. 6, 21: facetiae, quae multum ex vero traxere, drew, i. e. they were founded largely on truth, Tac. A. 15, 68; cf.:multum ex moribus (Sarmatarum) traxisse,
id. G. 46, 2.—Of time, to protract, drag out, linger:8.afflictus vitam in tenebris luctuque trahebam,
Verg. A. 2, 92; so,vitam,
Phaedr. 3, 7, 12; 4, 5, 37; Plin. 28, 1, 2, § 9:traherent cum sera crepuscula noctem,
was bringing on the night, Ov. M. 1, 219: verba, to drag, i. e. to utter with difficulty, Sil. 8, 79.—To draw out, in respect of time; to extend, prolong, lengthen; to protract, put off, delay, retard (cf.:9.prolato, extendo): sin trahitur bellum,
Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2; cf. Liv. 5, 10, 7; Sall. J. 23, 2:trahere omnia,
to interpose delays of all kinds, id. ib. 36, 2; Ov. M. 12, 584:pugnam aliquamdiu,
Liv. 25, 15, 14:dum hoc naturae Corpus... manebit incolume, comitem aevi sui laudem Ciceronis trahet,
Vell. 2, 66, 5:obsidionem in longius,
Quint. 1, 10, 48; cf.:rem de industriā in serum,
Liv. 32, 35, 4:omnia,
id. 32, 36, 2:jurgiis trahere tempus,
id. 32, 27, 1:tempus, Auct. B. Alex. 38, 2: moram ficto languore,
Ov. M. 9, 767:(legati) querentes, trahi se a Caesare,
that they were put off, delayed, Suet. Tib. 31 fin.; so,aliquem sermone, quousque, etc.,
Val. Max. 4, 4, 1:Marius multis diebus et laboribus consumptis anxius trahere cum animo suo, omitteretne inceptum,
Sall. J. 93, 1.—Rarely neutr., to drag along, to last, endure. si quis etiam in eo morbo diutius traxit, Cels. 2, 8 med.:B. 1.decem annos traxit ista dominatio,
Flor. 4, 2, 12.—Hence, tractus, a, um, P. a., drawn on, i. e. proceeding continuously, flowing, fluent, of language:genus orationis fusum atque tractum,
Cic. de Or. 2, 15, 64:in his (contione et hortatione) tracta quaedam et fluens expetitur,
id. Or. 20, 66.—A flock of wool drawn out for spinning:2.tracta de niveo vellere dente,
Tib. 1, 6, 80.—A long piece of dough pulled out in making pastry, Cato, R. R. 76, 1; 76, 4; Apic. 2, 1; 4, 3; 5, 1 al.—Called also tracta, ae, f., Plin. 18, 11, 27, § 106.
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