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1 ἀνήρ
ᾰνήρ (ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός, ἀνδρί, ἄνδρα; ἄνδρες, ἀνδρῶν, ἄνδρεσσι, ἀνδράσι(ν): ἆνέρι, ἆνέρα; ἆνέρες, ἆνέρων)1 man1 man in his prime.aπαίζομεν φίλαν ἄνδρες ἀμφὶ θαμὰ τράπεζαν O. 1.17
ἀγῶνα νέμειν ἀνδρῶν τ' ἀρετᾶς πέρι καὶ —διφρηλασίας O. 3.37
“ φύονται δὲ καὶ νέοις ἐν ἀνδράσιν πολιαὶ” O. 4.26ἀκίνδυνοι δ' ἀρεταὶ οὔτε παῤ ἀνδράσιν οὔτ ἐν ναυσὶ κοίλαις τίμιαι O. 6.10
ἀνδράσιν αἰχματαῖσι πλέκων ποικίλον ὕμνον (τῷ τε Ἁγησίᾳ καὶ τοῖς τούτου προγόνοις. Σ.) O. 6.86ἀεθλοφόροις ἀνδράσιν O. 7.8
τὰν δ' ἔπειτ ἀνδρῶν μάχας ἐκ παγκρατίου O. 8.58
Ἄργει τ' ἔσχεθε κῦδος ἀνδρῶν, παῖς δ ἐν Ἀθάναις O. 9.88
νέων οὐλίαις αἰχμαῖσιν ἀνδρῶν O. 13.23
ἐν ἱπποσόαισιν ἄνδρεσσι μαρνάμενον (Hermann: ἀνδράσι codd.) P. 2.65 “ ἀνδρὸς αἰδοίου” P. 4.29δέδεξαι τόνδε κῶμον ἀνέρων P. 5.22
δέκονται θυσίαισιν ἄνδρες οἰχνέοντές σφε δωροφόροι P. 5.86
τὰν μάλα πολλοὶ ἀριστῆες ἀνδρῶν αἴτεον σύγγονοι, πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ ξείνων P. 9.107
ἁρμόζων κόρᾳ νυμφίον ἄνδρα (i. e. husband) P. 9.118Ἱπποκλέᾳ θέλοντες ἀγαγεῖν ἐπικωμίαν ἀνδρῶν κλυτὰν ὄπα P. 10.6
κοιναὶ γὰρ ἔρχοντ' ἐλπίδες πολυπόνων ἀνδρῶν N. 1.33
ἐν παισὶ νέοισι παῖς, ἐν ἀνδράσιν ἀνήρ, τρίτον ἐν παλαιτέροισι N. 3.72
ἐπαοιδαῖς δ' ἀνὴρ νώδυνον καί τις κάματον θῆκεν N. 8.49
νέαισί θ' ἑορταῖς ἰσχύος τ ἀνδρῶν ἁμίλλαις N. 9.12
ἄγαγον στρατὸν ἀνδρῶν N. 9.18
ἐντί τοι φίλιπποί τ' αὐτόθι ἄνδρες N. 9.33
ποτὶ δυσμενέων ἀνδρῶν στίχας N. 9.38
ἐν Κέῳ ἀμφιρύτᾳ σὺν ποντίοις ἀνδράσιν I. 1.9
τραχεῖα νιφὰς πολέμοιο τεσσάρων ἀνδρῶν ἐρήμωσεν μάκαιραν ἑστίαν I. 4.17
ἀναρίθμων ἀνδρῶν χαλαζάεντι φόνῳ I. 5.50
θάλλοντος ἀνδρῶν ὡς ὅτε συμποσίου I. 6.1
περικτίονας ἐνίκασε ἄνδρας I. 8.65
κεἴ μοί τιν' ἄνδρα τῶν θανόντων fr. 4. Σπαρτῶν ἱερὸν γένος ἀνδρῶν fr. 29. 2.ἀλκαὶ δὲ τεῖχος ἀνδρῶν [ὕψιστον ἵστατ]αι Pae. 2.37
χρὴ δ' ἄνδρα τοκεῦσιν φέρειν βαθύδοξον αἶσαν Pae. 2.57
ψοφὸν ἀιὼν Κασταλίας ὀρφανὸν ἀνδρῶν χορεύσιος ἦλθον Pae. 6.9
Ἀλαλά ᾇ θύεται ἄνδρες ὑπὲρ πόλιος fr. 78. 3. ( ψυχὰς) ἐκ τᾶν βασιλῆες ἀγαυοὶ καὶ μέγιστοι ἄνδρες αὔξοντ fr. 133. 5. πέφνε δὲ τρεῖς καὶ δέκ' ἄνδρας fr. 135. νέων ἀνδρῶν ἀριστεύοισιν αἰχμαί fr. 199. 2. ἄγαν φιλοτιμίαν μνώμενοι ἐν πόλεσιν ἄνδρες (fort. non omnia haec sunt Pindari, nott. Wil.) fr. 210. νικώμενοι γὰρ ἄνδρες ἀγρυξίᾳ δέδενται fr. 229.ὦ Συράκοσαι, ἀνδρῶν ἵππων τε σιδαροχαρμᾶν δαιμόνιαι τροφοί P. 2.2
ἄνδρεσσι καὶ γυναιξὶ P. 5.64
ἀνδρὸς δ' οὔτε γυναικὸς Παρθ. 2. 3. ἄνδρες θήν τινες ἀκκιζόμενοι νεκρὸν ἵππον στυγέοισι (oxymoron intell. Schr.) fr. 203. 1.b specifically, men or heroes τὸ καὶ ἀνδρὶ κώμου δεσπότᾳ πάρεστι Συρακοσίῳ Hagesias O. 6.18 ἵκωμαί τε πρὸς ἀνδρῶν καὶ γένος Iamidai O. 6.24 εὐθυμάχαν πελώριον ἄνδρα Diagoras O. 7.15 τεθμὸν Ὀλυμπιονίκαν ἄνδρα τε Diagoras O. 7.89 ἀνδρὸς ἀμφὶ παλαίσμασιν Epharmostos O. 9.13 ὑπέρφατον ἄνδρα μορφᾷ τε καὶ ἔργοισι Opous O. 9.65 ἄνδρα δ' ἐγὼ κεῖνον αἰνῆσαι μενοινῶν Hieron P. 1.42 ἀνὴρ ἐξαίρετον ἕλε μόχθον Ixion P. 2.29 ἄιδρις ἀνήρ (Ixion = ἥρως v. 31) P. 2.37 σάμερον μὲν χρή σε παρ' ἀνδρὶ φίλῳ στᾶμεν Arkesilas P. 4.1 ἀνὴρ ἔκπαγλος Jason P. 4.79 ἀνὴρ συγγενέσιν παρεκοινᾶθ Jason P. 4.132 γόνον ἰδὼν κάλλιστον ἀνδρῶν Jason P. 4.123 δοιοὶ δ' ὑψιχαῖται ἀνέρες Euphamos and Periklymenos P. 4.173Ζήταν Κάλαίν τε ἄνδρας πτεροῖσιν νῶτα πεφρίκοντας P. 4.182
βιατὰς ἀνὴρ Jason P. 4.236 καρτερὸν ἄνδρα Jason P. 4.239 ἄνδρα κεῖνον ἐπαινέοντι συνετοί Arkesilas P. 5.107 ὁ θεῖος ἀνὴρ Antilochos P. 6.38Τελεσικράτη γεγωνεῖν ὄλβιον ἄνδρα διωξίππου στεφάνωμα Κυράνας P. 9.4
ἐς ἀνδρῶν μακάρων ὅμιλον Hyperboreans P. 10.46 ἐκ τούτων φίλον ἄνδρα πόνων ἐρρύσατο Perseus P. 12.18 ἔσταν δ' ἐπ αὐλείαις θύραις ἀνδρὸς φιλοξείνου Chromios N. 1.20 καὶ ὅδ' ἀνὴρ καταβολὰν ἱερῶν ἀγώνων νικαφορίας δέδεκται πρῶτον Timodemos N. 2.3 καί τις ἄνδρας ἀλκίμους δαίμων ἀπ' Οἰνώνας ἔλασεν Peleus and Telamon N. 5.15 φίλον ἐς ἄνδρ' ἄγων κλέος ἐτήτυμον Thearion? N. 7.62 ἄνδρα δ' ἐγὼ μακαρίζω μὲν πατέῤ Ἀρκεσίλαν Aristagoras N. 11.11 τοῦδ' ἀνδρὸς ἐν τιμαῖσιν Herodotos I. 1.34 εὐάρματον ἄνδρα γεραίρων Xenokrates I. 2.17 ἦλθ' ἀνὴρ τὰν πυροφόρον Λιβύαν υἱὸς Ἀλκμήνας Herakles v. Fraenkel on Agam. 719. I. 4.53 λευκωθεὶς κάρα μύρτοῖς ὅδ' ἀνὴρ Melissos I. 4.70 κλυταῖς ἀνδρὸς φίλου ἐφετμαῖς Lampon I. 6.18 “ λίσσομαι παῖδα θρασύν ἐξ Ἐριβοίας ἀνδρὶ τῷδε τελέσαι” Telamon I. 6.46 φαίης κέ νιν ἄνδρ' ἐν ἀεθληταῖσιν ἔμμεν Ναξίαν πέτραις ἐν ἄλλαις χαλκοδάμαντ ἀκόναν Lampon ( ἀνδράσιν ἀεθληταῖσιν coni. Heyne) I. 6.72 “ὑπὸ σπλάγχ[νοις] φέροισα τόνδ' ἀνέῤ” Paris. Πα. 8A. 19. ] τῶνδ' ἀνδρῶν ἕνεκεν μερίμνας σώφρονος Aioladas and Pagondas. Παρθ. 2.. Πολυμνάστου Κολοφωνίου ἀνδρός fr. 188.2 generally = ἄνθρωπος.aῥοαὶ δ' ἄλλοτ ἄλλαι ἐς ἄνδρας ἔβαν O. 2.34
αἵ γε μὲν ἀνδρῶν κυλίνδοντ' ἐλπίδες O. 12.5
ὄλβος οὐκ ἐς μακρὸν ἀνδρῶν ἔρχεται P. 3.105
τὰ δὲ καὶ ἀνδράσιν ἐμπρέπει P. 8.28
λαμπρὸν φέγγος ἔπεστιν ἀνδρῶν καὶ μείλιχος αἰών P. 8.97
καί τινα σὺν πλαγίῳ ἀνδρῶν κόρῳ στείχοντα τὸν ἐχθρότατον φᾶσέ νιν δώσειν μόρῳ ( ἀνδρῶν cum τινα Σ: “ ἀνδρῶν γιγάντων intellego” Schr.: v. Radt, Mnem., 1966, 169f.) N. 1.65 ( ἄρουραι) βίον ἀνδράσιν ἐπηετανὸν ἐκ πεδίων ἔδοσαν (Hermann: ἄνδρεσσιν codd.) N. 6.10παροιχομένων γὰρ ἀνέρων ἀοιδαὶ καὶ λόγοι τὰ καλά σφιν ἔργ' ἐκόμισαν N. 6.29
τυφλὸν δ' ἔχει ἦτορ ὅμιλος ἀνδρῶν ὁ πλεῖστος N. 7.24
ἀρετὰ ἐν σοφοῖς ἀνδρῶν ἀερθεῖσ' ἐν δικαίοις τε πρὸς ὑγρὸν αἰθέρα N. 8.41
ἀρχαῖαι δ' ἀρεταὶ ἀμφέροντ ἀλλασσόμεναι γενεαῖς ἀνδρῶν σθένος N. 11.38
“ χρήματα χρήματ' ἀνήρ” I. 2.11εἴ τις ἀνδρῶν κατέχει φρασὶν αἰανῆ κόρον I. 3.1
ἀνδρῶν δ' ἀρετὰν σύμφυτον οὐ κατελέγχει (i. e. τῶν προγόνων) I. 3.13 οὔτοι τετύφλωται μακρὸς μόχθος ἀν-δρῶν I. 5.57
δόλιος γὰρ αἰὼν ἐπ' ἀνδράσι κρέμαται I. 8.14
τυφλα[ὶ γὰ]ρ ἀνδρῶν φρένες, ὅστις Πα. 7B. 18.ἔθηκας ἀμάχανον ἰσχύν τ' ἀνδράσι καὶ σοφίας ὁδόν Pae. 9.4
ἀνδρῶν νέον ἐξ ἀρχᾶς γένος Pae. 9.20
ἐπιχθόνιον γένος ἀνδρῶν (v. l. ἀνθρώπων) fr. 213. 3. σφετέραν δ' αἰνεῖ δίκαν ἀνδρῶν ἕκαστος fr. 215. 3.b contrasted with the godsἔστι δ' ἀνδρὶ φάμεν ἐοικὸς ἀμφὶ δαιμόνων καλά O. 1.35
εἰ δὲ δή τιν' ἄνδρα θνατὸν Ὀλύμπου σκοποὶ ἐτίμασαν O. 1.54
εἰ δὲ θεὸν ἀνήρ τις ἔλπεται λαθέμεν O. 1.64
προῆκαν υἱὸν ἀθάνατοι μετὰ τὸ ταχύποτμον αὖτις ἀνέρων ἔθνος O. 1.66
τίνα θεόν, τίν' ἥρωα, τίνα δ ἄνδρα κελαδήσομεν; O. 2.2ἄνεται δὲ πρὸς χάριν εὐσεβίας ἀνδρῶν λιταῖς O. 8.8
ἀγαθοὶ δὲ καὶ σοφοὶ κατὰ δαίμον' ἄνδρες ἐγένοντ O. 9.28
τόνδ' ἀνέρα δαιμονίᾳ γεγάμεν O. 9.110
cf. O. 10.22, O. 11.10τάμἰ ἀνδράσι πλούτου O. 13.7
πολλὰ δ' ἐν καρδίαις ἀνδρῶν ἔβαλον ὧραι O. 13.16
οὔτ' ἐν ἀνδράσι γερασφόρον οὔτ ἐν θεῶν νόμοις P. 2.43
( Χίρωνα)νόον ἔχοντ' ἀνδρῶν φίλον P. 3.5
“ θεῷ ἀνέρι εἰδομένῳ” P. 4.21 μάκαρ μὲν ἀνδρῶν μέτα ἔναιεν, ἥρως δ' ἔπειτα λαοσεβής sc. Battos P. 5.94Διός τοι νόος μέγας κυβερνᾷ δαίμον' ἀνδρῶν φίλων P. 5.123
τὰ δ' οὐκ ἐπ ἀνδράσι κεῖται· δαίμων δὲ παρίσχει P. 8.76
θήσονταί τέ νιν ἀθάνατον ἀνδράσι χάρμα φίλοις P. 9.64
θεὸς εἴη ἀπήμων κέαρ· εὐδαίμων δὲ καὶ ὑμνητὸς οὗτος ἀνὴρ γίνεται σοφοῖς, ὃς P. 10.22
ἀθάνατων ἀνδρῶν τε σὺν εὐμενίᾳ P. 12.4
κείνου σὺν ἀνδρὸς δαιμονίαις ἀρεταῖς N. 1.9
ἓν ἀνδρῶν, ἓν θεῶν γένος N. 6.1
μάλα μὲν ἀνδρῶν δικαίων περικαδόμενοι (sc. Διόσκουροι).καὶ μὰν θεῶν πιστὸν γένος N. 10.54
κρίνεται δ' ἀλκὰ διὰ δαίμονας ἀνδρῶν I. 5.11
ἴσον μὲν θεὸν ἄνδρα τε φίλον (< θεῷ> supp. Heyne: sc. ὑποτρέσαι) fr. 224. ὁπόταν θεὸς ἀνδρὶ χάρμα πέμψῃ fr. 225. ]Ἀπόλλωνι μὲν θ[εῶν] ἀτὰρ ἀνδρῶν Ἐχεκ[ρά]τει ?fr. 333a. 5.3 generally, a man, anyone ὁ μὰνπλοῦτος ἐτυμώτατον ἀνδρὶ φέγγος O. 2.56
αὐδάσομαι τεκεῖν μή τιν' πόλιν ἄνδρα μᾶλλον εὐεργέταν O. 2.93
τοῦτο δ' ἀμάχανον εὑρεῖν, ὅτι φέρτατον ἀνδρὶ τυχεῖν O. 7.26
κεῖνος ἂν εἴποι τίς τρόπος ἄνδρα προβάσει O. 8.63
Ἀίδα τοι λάθεται ἄρμενα πράξαις ἀνήρ O. 8.73
θάξαις δέ κε φύντ' ἀρετᾷ ποτὶ πελώριον ὁρμάσαι κλέος ἀνὴρ θεοῦ σὺν παλάμᾳ O. 10.21
ὅταν εἰς Ἀίδα σταθμὸν ἀνὴρ ἵκηται O. 10.93
ἐκ θεοῦ δ' ἀνὴρ σοφαῖς ἀνθεῖ πραπίδεσσιν ὁμοίως O. 11.10
ἀμφοτέροισι δ' ἀνὴρ ὃς ἂν ἐγκύρσῃ καὶ ἕλῃ, στέφανον ὕψιστον δέδεκται P. 1.99
ἄνδρ' ἐκ θανάτου κομίσαι ἤδη ἁλωκότα P. 3.56
οὕτω κ' ἀνδρὶ παρμονίμαν θάλλοισαν εὐδαιμονίαν P. 7.20
οὐδ' ἀλλοτρίων ἔρωτες ἀνδρὶ φέρειν κρέσσονες N. 3.30
φθονερὰ δ' ἄλλος ἀνὴρ βλέπων γνώμαν κενεὰν σκότῳ κυλίνδει N. 4.39
ἵνα κρεῶν νιν ὕπερ μάχας ἔλασεν ἀντιτυχόντ' ἀνὴρ μαχαίρᾳ N. 7.42
εἰ δὲ γεύεται ἀνδρὸς ἀνήρ τι N. 7.87
κρέσσων δὲ καππαύει δίκαν τὰν πρόσθεν ἀνήρ N. 9.15
χρὴ δ' ἀγαθὰν ἐλπίδ ἀνδρὶ μέλειν I. 8.15
καὶ συγγένεἰ ἀνδρὶ φ[ ]στέρξαι Pae. 4.33
τί ἔλπεαι σοφίαν ἔμμεν, ἃν ὀλίγον τοι ἀνὴρ ὑπὲρ ἀνδρὸς ἴσχει; fr. 61. 2. παντὶ δ' ἐπὶ φθόνος ἀνδρὶ κεῖται ἀρετᾶς Παρθ. 1.. πολύ τοι φέριστον ἀνδρὶ τερπνὸς αἰών fr. 126. 2.4 where the accompanying adj. or subs. bears the emphasis.a c. subs.ἄνδρας ὀλέσαις μναστῆρας O. 1.79
μάτρωες ἄνδρες O. 6.77
μάντιες ἄνδρες O. 8.2
ἁγητὴρ ἀνὴρ P. 1.69
ὥσπερ κυβερνάτας ἀνὴρ P. 1.91
ἅτε μάντις ἀνήρ I. 6.51
cf. P. 9.118b c. adj.οὐ δίκᾳ συναντόμενος ἀλλὰ μαργῶν ὑπ' ἀνδρῶν O. 2.96
Αἰτωλὸς ἀνὴρ O. 3.12
τίνα κεν φύγοι ὕμνον κεῖνος ἀνήρ O. 6.7
ἀνδρῶν Ἀρκάδων O. 6.34
ἐπὶ προτέρων ἀνδρῶν O. 7.72
ναυσιφορήτοις δ' ἀνδράσι P. 1.33
πολεμίων ἀνδρῶν καμόντων P. 1.80
ἀποιχομένων ἀνδρῶν δίαιταν P. 1.93
εὐθύγλωσσος ἀνὴρ προφέρει P. 2.86
ἐσλοῖσι ἀνδράσιν P. 3.66
Λακεδαι-μονίων ἀνδρῶν P. 4.257
βροτήσιος ἀνὴρ P. 5.3
ἀλλά νιν εὑροῖσ' ἀνδράσι θνατοῖς ἔχειν P. 12.22
ὃς δὲ διδάκτ' ἔχει, ψεφεννὸς ἀνὴρ ἄλλοτ ἄλλα πνέων N. 3.41
Ἀχαιὸς οὐ μέμψεταί μ' ἀνὴρ N. 7.64
χρεῖαι δὲ παντοῖαι φίλων ἀνδρῶν N. 8.42
καὶ Κλεωναίων πρὸς ἀνδρῶν N. 10.42
κούφα δόσις ἀνδρὶ σοφῷ ξυνὸν ὀρθῶσαι καλόν I. 1.45
τὸ τεὸν δ' ἀνδρῶν Ἀχαιῶν ἐν Φυλάκᾳ τέμενος συμβάλλομαι I. 1.58
εἴ τις εὐδόξων ἐς ἀνδρῶν ἄγοι τιμὰς Ἑλικωνιάδων I. 2.34
καὶ κρέσσον' ἀνδρῶν χειρόνων ἔσφαλε τέχνα καταμάρψαισ I. 4.34
[ἀνδ]ρὶ σοφῷ (supp. Lobel.) Πα. 1. 3. ἀνδρῶν δικαίων fr. 159. κενεοφρόνων ἑταῖρον ἀνδρῶν fr. 212.c c.τις, ἄλλος τις. ἀντεβόλησεν τῶν ἀνὴρ θνατὸς οὔπω τις πρότερον O. 13.31
εἰ σοφός, εἰ καλός, εἴ τις ἀγλαὸς ἀνήρ O. 14.7
ἄλλοις δέ τις ἐτέλεσσεν ἄλλος ἀνὴρ εὐαχέα βασιλεῦσιν ὕμνον P. 2.13
κωφὸς ἀνήρ τις, ὃς Ἡρακλεῖ στόμα μὴ περιβάλλει P. 9.87
5 frag. ]φυγον ἄνδρα[ Pae. 12.22
]ἔτι δ' ἄνδρ[ Pae. 21.21
κἀ]νδρῶν (supp. Snell.) Δ. 4. e. 4. ] ἀλαον ἀνδρὸς λ[ fr. 173. 3. -
2 μάντις
1 prophet(ess) ( αἶνος),ὃν Ἄδραστος μάντιν Οἰκλείδαν ποτ' ἐς Ἀμφιάρηον φθέγξατ O. 6.13
“ ἀμφότερον μάντιν τ' ἀγαθὸν καὶ δουρὶ μάρνασθαι Amphiareus O. 6.17 περὶ θνατῶν δ' ἔσσεσθαι μάντιν ἐπιχθονίοις ἔξοχον Iamos O. 6.50Οὐλυμπία ἵνα μάντιες ἄνδρες ἐμπύροις τεκμαιρόμενοι παραπειρῶνται Διὸς ἀργικεραύνου O. 8.2
ἐπιχώριον μάντιν ἄσμενος εὗρεν Polyidos O. 13.74 μάντις ὀρνίχεσσι καὶ κλάροισιθεοπροπέων ἱεροῖς Μόψος P. 4.190
Ἰσμήνιον δ' ὀνύμαξεν, ἀλαθέα μαντίων θῶκον (Hermann: μαντείων, -εῖον codd.) P. 11.6 μάντιν τ' ὄλεσσε κόραν Kassandra P. 11.33 μάντιν Οἰκλείδαν, πολέμοιο νέφος Amphiareus N. 10.9 εἶπέν τε φωνήσαις ἅτε μάντις ἀνήρ Herakles I. 6.51 ναοπόλον μάντιν δαπέδοισιν ὁμοκλέα Teneros fr. 51d.κλυτοὶ μάντιες Ἀπόλλωνος Pae. 8.13
Δελφοὶ θεμίστων μάντιες Ἀπολλωνίδαι ( ὕμνων post θεμ. del. Heyne) fr. 192. ἐναργέα τ' ἔμ ὥστε μάντιν οὐ λανθάνει (v. fr. 150.) fr. 75. 13. μάντις ὡς τελέσσω ἱεραπόλος Παρθ. 1. 5. -
3 ἀνήρ
ἀνήρ, ὁ, ἀνδρός, ἀνδρί, ἄνδρα, voc. ἄνερ: pl. ἄνδρες, -δρῶν, -δράσι [pron. full] [ᾰ], -dras: [dialect] Aeol. dat. pl.Aἄνδρεσι Alc.Supp.14.8
: late nom. sg.ἄνδρας Cat.Cod.Astr.7.109.7
: in [dialect] Att. the Art. often forms a crasis with the Noun, ἁνήρ for ὁ ἀνήρ, τἀνδρός, τἀνδρί for τοῦ ἀνδρός, etc., ἅνδρες for οἱ ἄνδρες; the [dialect] Ion. crasis is ὡνήρ, ὧνδρες, Hdt.4.161, 134: [dialect] Ep. also ἀνέρα, ἀνέρος, ἀνέρι, dual ἀνέρε, pl. ἀνέρες, ἀνέρας, ἄνδρεσσι. [[dialect] Ep. Poets mostly use [pron. full] ᾱ in arsi, [pron. full] ᾰ in thesi; but in trisyll. forms with stem ἀνέρ- always ᾱ; so also Trag. in lyr., S.Tr. 1011, OT 869. But in Trag. senarians [pron. full] ᾰ always.] (ἀ- in nom. by analogy; cf. Skt. nar- from I.-E. ner-, nṛ- from nṛ-, Gk. ἀνδρ- from ṇr-):—man, opp. woman ( ἄνθρωπος being man as opp. to beast), Il.17.435, Od.21.323; τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἄπαις without male children, Pl.Lg. 877e; in Hom. mostly of princes, leaders, etc., but also of free men; ἀ δήμου one of the people, Il.2.198, cf. Od.17.352; with a qualifying word to indicate rank,ἀ. βουληφόρος Il.2.61
;ἀ. βασιλεύς Od.24.253
;ἡγήτορες ἄ. Il.11.687
.II man, opp. god, πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε ib.1.544, al.; Διὸς ἄγγελοι ἠδὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν ib. 334, cf. 403, Hdt.5.63, etc.: most common in pl., yet sts. in sg., e.g. Il.18.432:—freq. with a Noun added, βροτοί, θνητοὶ ἄ., Od.5.197,10.306;ἄ. ἡμίθεοι Il.12.23
; ἄ. ἥρωες ib.5.746:—also of men, opp. monsters, Od.21.303:—of men in societies and cities,οὔτε παρ' ἀνδράσιν οὔτ' ἐν ναυσὶ κοίλαις Pi.O. 6.10
; and so prob.,ἄλλοτε μέν τ' ἐπὶ Κύνθου ἐβήσαο.., ἄλλοτε δ' ἂν νήσους τε καὶ ἀνέρας.. h.Ap. 142
.III man, opp. youth, unless the context determines the meaning, as in ; but ἀ. alone always means a man in the prime of life, esp. warrior,ἀ. ἕλεν ἄνδρα Il.15.328
; soἀ. ἀντ' ἀνδρὸς ἐλύθησαν Th.2.103
; the several ages are given asπαῖς, μειράκιον, ἀ., πρεσβύτης X.Smp.4.17
; εἰς ἄνδρας ἐγγράφεσθαι, συντελεῖν, D.19.230, Isoc.12.212;εἰς ἄνδρας ἀναβῆναι BMus.Inscr.898
; in Inscrr. relating to contests, opp. παῖδες, IG22.1138.10, etc.IV man emphatically, man indeed,ἀνέρες ἄστε, φίλοι Il.5.529
; freq. in Hdt.,πολλοὶ μὲν ἄνθρωποι, ὀλίγοι δὲ ἄνδρες 7.210
;πρόσθεν οὐκ ἀ. ὅδ' ἦν; S.Aj.77
;ἄνδρα γίγνεσθαί σε χρή E.El. 693
;ἀ. γεγένησαι δι' ἐμέ Ar.Eq. 1255
;ὃ μαθὼν ἀ. ἔσει Id.Nu. 823
;ἄνδρας ἡγοῦνται μόνους τοὺς πλεῖστα δυναμένους καταφαγεῖν Id.Ach.77
;εἰ ἄνδρες εἶεν οἱ στρατηγοί Th.4.27
;οὐκέτι ἀ. ἀλλὰ σκευοφόρος X.Cyr.4.2.25
;τὸν Αυκομήδην.. μόνον ἄνδρα ἡγοῦντο Id.HG7.1.24
; οὐκ ἐν ἀνδράσι not like a man, E.Alc. 723, cf. 732; ἀνδρὸς τὰ προσπίπτοντα γενναίως φέρειν 'tis the part of a man.., Men.771, etc.V husband, Il.19.291, Od.24.196, Hdt.1.146, etc.;εἰς ἀνδρὸς ὥραν ἡκούσης τῆς κόρης Pl. Criti. 113d
; soἐξοικιεῖν εἰς ἀνδρὸς [οἶκον] θυγατέρα Luc.Lex.11
:—also of a paramour, opp. πόσις, S.Tr. 551, cf. E.Hipp. 491, Theoc.15.131;ἀ. ἁπασῶν τῶν γυναικῶν ἐστι νῦν Pherecr.155
;αἰγῶν ἄνερ Theoc.8.49
.VI Special usages:1 joined with titles, professions, etc.,ἰητρὸς ἀ. Il.11.514
; ἀ. μάντις, ἀ. στρατηγός, Hdt.6.83,92 (dub.);ἀ. νομεύς S.OT 1118
; ἄνδρες λοχῖται, λῃσταί, ἀσπιστῆρες, ib. 751, 842, Aj. 565; esp. in disparagement,κλῶπες ἄ. E.Rh. 645
;ἀ. δημότης S. Ant. 690
; with names of nations, asΦοίνικες ἄ. Hdt.4.42
;ἀ. Θρῇξ E. Hec.19
,al.; esp. in addresses,ἄ. ἔφοροι Hdt.9.9
;ἄ. πολῖται S.OT 513
;ἄ. δικασταί D.21.1
, etc.; ὦ ἄνδρες gentlemen of the jury, Antipho 1.1, Lys.1.1, etc.;ὦ ἄ. Ἀθηναῖοι Id.6.8
, etc.: hence in Comedy,ἄ. ἰχθύες Archipp.29
;ἄ. θεοί Luc.JTr.15
;ὦ ἄ. κύνες Ath.4.160b
.2 ὁ ἀνήρ, by crasis [dialect] Att. ἁνήρ, [dialect] Ion. ὡνήρ, is freq. used emphatically forαὐτός, ἐκεῖνος Ar.V. 269
, prob. in Pl.Sph. 216b, etc.: sts. so in oblique cases without the Art., S.Tr.55, 109, 293, etc.; but not in Prose.5 a man, any man,εἶτ' ἄνδρα τῶν αὑτοῦ τι χρὴ προϊέναι; Ar.Nu. 1214
;οὐ πρέπει νοῦν ἔχοντι ἀνδρί Pl.Phd. 114d
, etc.; οὐ παντὸς ἀνδρὸς.. ἐσθ' ὁ πλοῦς 'tis not every one that can go, Nicol.Com. 1.26.7 viritim,Isoc.
12.180, POxy. 1047 iii 11, BGU145.5, etc.; so τοὺς κατ' ἄνδρα individuals, opp. κοινῇ τὴν πόλιν, D.Chr.32.6.8 In LXX, ἀνήρ = ἕκαστος, δότε μοι ἀνὴρ ἐνώτιον Jd.8.24; ἀ. τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ προσκολληθήσεται 'each to his fellow', of leviathan's scales, Jb.41.8; alsoἀ. εἷς 4 Ki.6.2
; with negs., ἀ. μὴ ἐπισκεπήτω ib.10.19; any one, Le.15.2
.9 ἄνδρας γράφειν· τὸ ἐν διδασκάλου τὰ παιδία ὀνόματα γράφειν, Hsch. -
4 μάντις
μάντῐς, ὁ, gen. εως, [dialect] Ion. ιος; voc. μάντῐ: pl., gen. μάντεων (written μαντειον IG12.503); dat.Aμάντεσι Thgn.545
: also fem., acc. sg.μάντιδα δάφνην App.Anth.6.122
; nom. pl. μάντιδες Suid.s.v. Σίβυλλα:— diviner, seer, prophet,ἀλλ' ἄγε δή τινα μ. ἐρείομεν ἢ ἱερῆα ἢ καὶ ὀνειροπόλον Il.1.62
, cf. Od.17.384; μάντι κακῶν prophet of ill, Il.1.106; with the Greek armies, Simon.94, IG12.929.129: distd. from χρησμολόγος, Th.8.1;μ. ἀνήρ Pi.I.6(5).51
; of Apollo, A.Ag. 1202, Ch. 559, Eu. 169 (lyr.); ὁ μάντις μάντιν ἐκπράξας ἐμέ, of Apollo and Cassandra, Id.Ag. 1275; of the Pythian priestess, Id.Eu.29; of Amphiaraus, Id.Th. 382, etc.: c. dat. pers.,ὁ Θρῃξὶ μ. E.Hec. 1267
(of Dionysus), cf. Or. 363: c. acc. neut. Pron.,μάντις.. οὐ καλὸς τάδε Id.Heracl.65
: as fem., A.Ag. l.c., S.El. 472 (lyr.), E.Med. 239;μ. κόρα Pi.P.11.33
.2 metaph., presager, foreboder,μ. εἴμ' ἐσθλῶν ἀγώνων S.OC 1080
(lyr.), cf.Ant. 1160, A.Th. 402;οὐδεὶς μ. τῶν μελλόντων S.Aj. 1419
(anap.);γνώμη δ' ἀρίστη μ. E.Hel. 757
.3 Adj., τοῦδε μάντεως χοροῦ of this prophetic band, dub. in S.Fr. 113.II a kind of grasshopper, the praying mantis, Mantis religiosa, Theoc.10.18, Dsc.Eup.1.149.III green garden-frog, Rana arborea, so called as predicting the weather, Hsch. -
5 τις
A any one, any thing, enclitic through all cases (for exceptions v. infr.):—but τίς; τί; Interrog. Pron. who? what?, oxyt. in the monosyll. cases, parox. in the others:—Dialectal forms: Cypr. σις ( si se) Inscr.Cypr.135.10 H.; Arc. σις (with <*> for ς) IG5(2).262.25 (Mantinea, v B.C.); Thess. κις ib.9(2).515.12 ([place name] Larissa), 1226.4, 1229.27 ([place name] Phalanna), pl. κινες ib.517.41 ([place name] Larissa), neut. κι in διεκί, ποκκί (qq.v.); neut. pl. [dialect] Dor. σά, [dialect] Boeot. τά, [dialect] Aeol. dat. τίω, τίοισι (v. infr. B). (I.-E. q[uglide]i-, cf. Lat. quis, quid, etc.; for σά, τά, v. ἄσσα, σά μάν; with τέο (v. infr. B) cf. OSlav. gen. c<*>eso.)A Indef. Pron. τις, τι, gen. [dialect] Ion. τεο Od.16.305, Hdt.1.58; more freq. τευ Il.2.388, al., Hdt.4.30, al., Meliss.7, etc.; Trag. and [dialect] Att. του A.Pr.21, Ar.Ach. 329, Th.1.70, etc. (sts. fem., S.Aj. 290, OT 1107 (lyr.), E.Hec. 370, etc.); του is rare after 300 B.C., never in LXX or NT, but found in IG12(5).798.17 (Tenos, iii B.C.), PCair.Zen.250.6, 647.23 (iii B.C.), Plb.3.23.3, revived by the Atticists, D.H.8.29, Plu.Fab.20, etc.; τινος Pi.P.2.90, IG12.16.17, 65.41, A.Eu. 5, Ch. 102, S.Ant. 698, al., Hdt.2.109, al. (Rh.Mus.72.483), etc.; dat. [dialect] Ion.τεῳ Il.16.227
, Od.11.502, Hdt.2.48, 5.86; Trag. and [dialect] Att. τῳ (also in Hom., Il.1.299, 12.328, Od.13.308, 20.297, al., always in masc.) A.Th. 1045, IG12.39.54, D.S.18.45; as fem., A.Th. 472, S. OT80, etc.; τινι (Hom. in the formοὔ τινι Il.17.68
, Od.14.96) Pi. O.9.26, al., B.17.12, Hdt.1.114 (elsewh. fem., 2.62, 3.69, 83, 4.113), A.Th. 1041, S.Aj. 443, 495, etc.; acc. τινα Il.1.62, 5.761, etc., neut. τι 2.122, etc.: dual τινε Od.4.26, Pl.Sph. 237d, Prm. 143c, 149e: pl. τινες (Hom. only inοὔ τινες Od.6.279
, 17.587 and οἵτινες (v. ὅστις)); [dialect] Dor. τινεν SIG527.127 (Drerus, iii B.C.); nom. and acc. neut. τινα (ὅτινα Il.22.450
), never in Trag., Ar., Th., or Hdt., f.l. in Isoc.4.74, first in Pl.Chrm. 163d, Ep. 325a, D.47.63, Hyp.Ath.19, Alex.110, Sotad.Com.1.22, Arist.EN 1094a5, IG42(1).121.35 (Epid., iv B.C.), etc.; ἄσσα (q.v.) Od.19.218, never in Trag. or Hdt.; [dialect] Att. ἄττα first in Th.1.113, 2.100, Ar.Ra. 173, al., Pl.R. 400a, etc., never in LXX, Plb., D.S., Str., revived by the Atticists, D.H.Comp.3, etc.; gen. [dialect] Ion. τεων Hdt.2.175, 5.57, τεῶν cj. for γε ῶν in 4.76; τινων not in Hdt., first in Ar.Eq. 977 (lyr.); dat. τισι, τισιν, first in Hdt. 9.113, X.Ath.1.18; N.-W. [dialect] Dor. τινοις GDI1409.5 (Delph., iii B.C.); [dialect] Ion. τεοισι Hdt.8.113, 9.27 (for τεοις and τεον v. τεός); acc. τινας Il.15.735, Od.11.371 (also in οὕστινας, ὅτινας, v. ὅστις), etc.; neut. τινα (v. supr.):—any one, any thing, some one, some thing; and as Adj. any, some, and serving as the Indef. Art. a, an;θεός νύ τίς ἐστι κοτήεις Il.5.191
;καί τις θεὸς ἡγεμόνευεν Od.9.142
; οὐδέ τις αὐτὸν ἠείδη δμώων ib. 205; ἤ τι ὀϊσάμενος, ἢ.. ib. 339; μή τίς μοι ὑποδείσας ἀναδύη ib. 377, cf. 405- 410; εἴ τινά που μετ' ὄεσσι λάβοι ib. 418, cf. 421, al.; τις θεός construed as if τις θεῶν, 19.40, cf. 11.502, IG12.94.19, E.Hel. 1039.II special usages:1 some one (of many), i.e. many a one,ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν Il.7.201
, etc.: sts. with meiosis, implying all or men, 13.638, Od.3.224; so in Prose, Hdt.5.49 fin., Th.2.37, etc.2 any one concerned, every one,εὖ μέν τις δόρυ θηξάσθω Il.2.382
; ἀλλά τις αὐτὸς ἴτω let every man come himself, 17.254; , cf. 16.209, 17.227, al.; so in Trag. and [dialect] Att., even with the imper., τοῦτό τις.. ἴστω S Aj.417 (lyr.), cf. E.Ba. 346, Ar.Av. 1187; ; τοὺς ξυμμάχους αὐτόν τινα κολάζειν that every man should himself chastise his own allies, Th.1.40, cf. 6.77;ὅ τί τις ἐδύνατο Id.7.75
; ἄμεινόν τινος better than any others, D.21.66, cf. 19.35:—this is more fully expressed by adding other pronominal words,τις ἕκαστος Od.9.65
, Th.6.31, etc.; , Hdt.6.80, Th.8.94, etc.;ἅπας τις Hdt.3.113
, etc.;οὐδέν τι μᾶλλον Id.4.118
. In these senses, τις is freq. combined with pl. words, οἱ κακοὶ.. οὐκ ἴσασι, πρίν τις ἐκβάλῃ, for πρὶν ἐκβάλωσι, S.Aj. 965; οἷς ἂν ἐπίω, ἧσσόν τις πρόσεισι, for ἧσσον προσίασι, Th.4.85;ἐτόλμα τις.., ὁρῶντες Id.2.53
, cf. 7.75; esp. after εἴ or ἤν τις, X. Mem.1.2.62, al.3 in reference to a definite person, whom one wishes to avoid naming, οὐκ ἔφασαν ἰέναι, ἐὰν μή τις χρήματα διδῷ (i.e. Cyrus) Id.An.1.4.12, cf. Ar.Ra. 552, Theoc.5.122; so also euphem. for something bad,ἤν τι ποιῶμεν Th.2.74
;ἂν οὗτός τι πάθῃ D.4.11
: hence for the [ per.] 1st or [ per.] 2nd pers. Pron.,ἅ τιν' οὐ πείσεσθαι ὀΐω Il.1.289
, cf. S.Ant. 751; ποῖ τις τρέψεται; for ποῖ τρέψομαι; Ar.Th. 603, cf. S.Aj. 245 (lyr.), 1138, Th.4.59, X.An.3.4.40, 5.7.31, etc.4 indefinitely, where we say they, French on, sts. with an ironical force,φοβεῖταί τις A.Ch.59
(lyr.);μισεῖ τις ἐκεῖνον D.4.8
; as voc., τὸν Πλοῦτον ἔξω τις κάλει call P. out, somebody, Ar.Pl. 1196.5 τις, τι may be opposed, expressly or by implication, to οὐδείς, οὐδέν, and mean somebody, something, by meiosis for some great one, some great thing, ηὔχεις τις εἶναι you boasted that you were somebody, E.El. 939;εἰσὶν ὅμως τινὲς οἱ εὐδοκιμοῦντες Arist.Pol. 1293b13
;τὸ δοκεῖν τιν' εἶναι Men.156
;τὸ δοκεῖν τινὲς εἶναι D.21.213
;ὡς σὲ μὲν ἐν τῇ πόλει δεῖ τινὰ φαίνεσθαι, τὴν πόλιν δ' ἐν τοῖς Ἕλλησι μηδενὸς ἀξίαν εἶναι Id.10.71
; κἠγών τις φαίνομαι ἦμεν after all I too am somebody, Theoc.11.79, cf. Act.Ap.5.36; also in neut., , cf.Phd. 63c, Phdr. 243a, Euthd. 303c, etc.:— so τι λέγειν to be near the mark, opp. οὐδὲν λέγειν, Id.Prt. 339c, R. 329e, Phdr. 260a, etc.;ἵνα καὶ εἰδῶμεν εἴ τι ὅδε λέγει Id.Cra. 407e
;οἴεσθέ τι ποιεῖν, οὐδὲν ποιοῦντες Id.Smp. 173c
.b τις is sts. opp. to another word,ἀελλοπόδων μέν τιν' εὐφραίνοισιν ἵππων τιμαί.., τέρπεται δὲ καί τις.. Pi.Fr. 221
;τισὶ τῶν πολιτῶν ἀποροῦσι συνεξέδωκε θυγατέρας.., τοὺς δ' ἐλύσατο ἐκ τῶν πολεμίων Lys.19.59
;μέρος μέν τι σιδήρου, μέρος δέ τι ὀστράκινον LXX Da.2.33
(more freq. with the Article, v. infr. 10 c); ἔστιν οὖν οὐ πᾶν τὸ ταχύ, ἀλλά τι (sic codd. BT)αὐτοῦ ἀγαστόν Pl.Cra. 412c
;ἀναγκαῖον ἤτοι πᾶσι τοῖς πολίταις ἀποδίδοσθαι πάσας ταύτας τὰς κρίσεις ἢ τισὶ πάσας.. ἢ τινὰς μὲν αὐτῶν πᾶσι τινὰς δὲ τισίν Arist.Pol. 1298a9
, cf. 1277a23; τὸ μεῖζον τοῦθ' ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἑτέρου λέγεται· τινὸς γὰρ λέγεται μεῖζον greater than something, Id.Cat. 6a38;τὸ πρώτως ὂν καὶ οὐ τὶ ὂν ἀλλ' ὂν ἁπλῶς Id.Metaph. 1028a30
; πότερον τῷ τυχόντι ἢ τισίν; Id.Pol. 1269a26.6 with pr. names τις commonly signifies one named so-and-so,ἦν δέ τις ἐν Τρώεσσι Δάρης Il.5.9
, cf. X.An.3.1.4, etc.; with a sense of contempt, Θερσίτης τις ἦν there was one Thersites, S.Ph. 442.b one of the same sort, converting the pr. name into an appellative, ἤ τις Ἀπόλλων ἢ Πάν an Apollo or a Pan, A.Ag.55 (anap.); [πόλιες] ταὶ μέλονται πρός τινος ἢ Διὸς ἢ γλαυκᾶς Ἀθάνας Lyr.in PVat.11v xi7;Σκύλλαν τινά A.Ag. 1233
, cf.Ar.V. 181, Av. 512, Ra. 912: so alsoὥς τις ἥλιος A.Ag. 288
; ἰσθμόν τιν' Ar. Th. 647.7 with Adjs. τις combines to express the idea of a Subst. used as predicate, ὥς τις θαρσαλέος καὶ ἀναιδής ἐσσι προΐκτης a bold and impudent beggar, Od.17.449, cf. 18.382, 20.140, Il.3.220; ἐγώ τις, ὡς ἔοικε, δυσμαθής a dull ard, Pl.R. 358a, cf. Prt. 340e; φόβου πλέα τις εἶ a cow ard, A.Pr. 696, cf. Th. 979(lyr.), Ag. 1140 (lyr.); ὡς ταχεῖά τις.. χάρις διαρρεῖ in what swift fashion ( = ταχέως πως), S.Aj. 1266, cf. OT 618, Hdt.4.198; δεινόν τι ποιεύμενος thinking it a terrible thing, Id.3.155, 5.33.8 with numerals and Adjs. expressing number, size, or the like , εἷς δέ τις ἀρχὸς ἀνὴρ.. ἔστω some one man, Il.1.144;ἕνα τιν' ἂν καθεῖσεν Ar.Ra. 911
;δώσει δέ τι ἕν γε φέρεσθαι Od.15.83
;τινὰ μίαν νύκτα Th.6.61
;προσκαλεσάμενός τινας δύο τῶν ἑκατονταρχῶν Act.Ap.23.23
; sts. the τις softens the definiteness of the numeral, ἑπτά τινες some seven, seven or so, Th.7.34;ἐς διακοσίους τινάς Id.3.111
, cf. 7.87, 8.21; so without an actual numeral, ἡμέρας τινάς some days, i.e. several, Id.3.52; στρατῷ τινι of a certain amount, considerable, Id.8.3; ἐνιαυτόν τινα a year or so, Id.3.68; so οὐ πολλοί τινες, τινὲς οὐ πολλοί, A.Pers. 510, Th. 6.94, etc.; ὀλίγοι τινές orτινὲς ὀλίγοι Id.2.17
, 3.7; οὔ τινα πολλὸν χρόνον no very long time, Hdt.5.48;τις στρατιὰ οὐ πολλή Th.6.61
; so also ὅσσος τις χρυσός what a store of gold, Od.10.45, cf. Hdt. 1.193, 2.18, etc.;κόσοι τινές Id.7.234
;πηλίκαι τινὲς τιμωρίαι Isoc. 20.3
;πολλὸς γάρ τις ἔκειτο Il.7.156
;ἐκ πολλοῦ τευ χρόνου Hdt. 2.58
.9 with Pronominal words, ἀλλά τί μοι τόδε θυμὸς.. μερμηρίζει something, namely this, Od.20.38, cf. 380; οἷός τις what sort of a man, Il.5.638 (dub. l.), cf. Od.9.348, 20.377, Pl.Prt. 313a, etc.;ποῖός τις S.Ant.42
, OC 1163, Hdt.3.34, X.An.7.6.24, etc.;ὁποῖός τις Id.Cyr.2.2.2
, al.;εὐτυχίη τις τοιήδε Hdt.3.139
, cf. X.Mem.1.1.1, etc.;τοιοῦτός τις Id.An.5.8.7
.10 with the Article,a when a noun with the Art. is in appos. with τις, as ὅταν δ' ὁ κύριος παρῇ τις when the person in authority, whoever he be, is here, S.OC 289; τοὺς αὐτοέντας.. τιμωρεῖν τινας (v.l. τινα) Id.OT 107.b in Philosophic writers, τις is added to the Art. to show that the Art. is used to denote a particular individual who is not specified in the general formula, although he would be in the particular case, ὁ τὶς ἄνθρωπος the individual man (whoever he may be), this or that man, opp. ἄνθρωπος (man in general), ὁ τὶς ἵππος, ἡ τὶς γραμματική, Arist.Cat. 1b4, 8; τὸ τὶ μέγεθος, opp. ὅλως τὸ μέγεθος, Id.Pol. 1283a4, cf. S.E.P.2.223; but in , the Art. is used as in Il. cc. s.v. ὁ, ἡ, τό B.1.5
: later ὅ τις (or ὁ τὶς ) much like ὁ δεῖνα, δεῦρο ὅ τις θεός, ὄφθητί μοι in a general formula of invocation, PMag.Par.1.236; αἴρω σε, ἥ τις βοτάνη ib.287; εἰς τήν τινα κρείαν (leg. χρείαν) ib.289.c freq. in opposed clauses,ὁ μέν τις.., ὁ δὲ.. E.Med. 1141
, Hec. 624, Pl.Phd. 99b, etc.;ὁ μέν τις.., ἄλλος δὲ.. E.IT 1407
;ὁ μὲν.., ὁ δέ τις.. X.Cyr.1.4.15
: pl.,οἱ μέν τινες.., οἱ δὲ.. Hdt.1.127
, cf. Th.2.91;οἱ μέν τινες.., οἱ δὲ.., οἱ δέ τινες X.Cyr.3.2.10
, etc.; οἱ μὲν.., οἱ δέ τινες.. ib.6.1.26, etc.: also combined with other alternative words,ὁ μέν τις.., ὁ δέ τις.., ἕτερος δέ τις.. Id.Smp.2.6
; ὁ μὲν.., ἕτερος δέ τις.., ὁ δὲ.. , etc., Ar. Pl. 162 sq.: also in neut.,τὸ μέν τι.., τὸ δέ τι.. Pl.Ep. 358a
;τὸ μέν τι.., τὸ δὲ.. Hdt.3.40
; in adverb. sense, τὸ μὲν.., τὸ δέ τι.. partly.., partly.., Plb.1.73.4; and τι remains unaltered even when the Art. is pl.,τὰ μέν τι μαχόμενοι, τὰ δὲ καὶ ἀναπαυόμενοι X.An.4.1.14
, cf. HG7.1.46; also τὸ δέ τι.. but in some measure.., without τὸ μέν preceding, Th.1.107, cf. 118, 7.48.d later τις is used as in b supr. but without the Art., γράψον.. ὅτι τι καί τι εἴληφας that you have received such and such things, POxy.937.22 (iii A.D.); κληρονόμους καταλείπω τὴν θυγατέρα μού τινα καὶ τὸν σύντροφον αὐτῆς τινα καί τινα ib.1034.2 (ii A.D.); τίς τινι χαίρειν A to B greeting (in a draft letter), ib. 509 (ii A.D.).II the neut. τι is used,a collectively, ἦν τι καὶ ἐν ταῖς Συρακούσαις there was a party.., Th.7.48; so perh. τῶν ἄλλων οὔ πέρ τι πεφυγμένον ἐστ' Ἀφροδίτην, οὔτε θεῶν, οὔτ' ἀνθρώπων no class, h.Ven.34 (but masc. τις in h.Merc. 143).b euphem. for something bad, v. supr. 3.c joined with Verbs, somewhat, in any degree, at all,ἦ ῥά τί μοι κεχολώσεαι Il.5.421
;παρεθάρρυνέ τι αὐτούς X.HG6.4.7
, etc.: with Adjs. or Adverbs, οὕτω δή τι ἰσχυραί, οὕτω δή τι πολύγονον, etc., Hdt.3.12, 108, cf. 4.52; so alsoὀλίγον τι ἧσσον Od.15.365
;οὐδέ τι μᾶλλον Hdt.6.123
, etc.;ἧσσόν τι Th.3.75
, etc.; οὐ πάνυ τι, πολύ τι, σχεδόν τι, v. πάνυ 1.3,πολύς 111.1a
, 2a, σχεδόν IV; also in conjunction withοὐδέν, μηδέν, οὐδέν τι πάντως Hdt.6.3
; οὐδέν, μηδέν τι μᾶλλον, E.Alc. 522, S.Aj. 280;μηδέν τι λίαν E.Andr. 1234
:—also καί τι καὶ.. ὑποψίᾳ in part also from suspicion, Th.1.107;καί πού τι καί Pi.O.1.28
.12 τίς τε freq. in Hom.,ὡς ὅτε τίς τε Il.3.33
, 4.141, v. τε B.13 ἤ τις ἢ οὐδείς few or none, next to none, Hdt.3.140, X.Cyr.7.5.45, D.C.47.5, 48.4; ἤ τι ἢ οὐδέν little or nothing, Pl.Ap. 17b;ἢ οὐδεὶς ἤ τις D.C.41.62
(s. v.l.).b repeated in successive clauses, ; (where however κἄτι πλείους is prob. cj.), cf. E.Or. 1218 (whereas τις is sts. omitted in the first clause, , cf. S.Tr.3): but in E.Andr. 734, ἔστι γάρ τις οὐ πρόσω.. πόλις τις, the repetition is pleonastic, as also in A.Supp.57 sq. (lyr., s. v.l.).15 τις is sts. omitted, οὐδέ κεν ἔνθα τεόν γε μένος καὶ χεῖρας ὄνοιτο (sc. τις) Il.13.287; ὡς δ' ἐν ὀνείρῳ οὐ δύναται (sc. τις)φεύγοντα διώκειν 22.199
, cf. S.OC 1226 (lyr.), Leg.Gort.2.2, X.Smp.5.2, Pl.Grg. 456d: τις must often be supplied from what goes before, ib. 478c, Prt. 319d.b sts. also τις is omitted before a gen. case which must depend upon it, asἢ [τις] τᾶς ἀσώτου Σισυφιδᾶν γενεᾶς S.Aj. 189
(lyr.); ἢν γαμῇ ποτ' αὐτὸς ἢ [τις]τῶν ξυγγενῶν Ar.Nu. 1128
;ἐν τῶν πόλεων IG12.56.14
.--Cf. ὅστις, οὔτις, μήτις, ἄλλο τι.1 accentuation: τις is normally enclitic, but in certain uses is orthotone, i.e. theoretically oxytone (τίς, τινά, τινές, τινῶν, etc., cf. Choerob. in Theod.1.373 H.) and barytone when followed by another word ( τὶς or τις, τινὰ, τινὲς, τινῶν, etc.). According to Sch. D.T.p.240 H. its orthotone accent is τίς (not τὶς) , τίνα, τίνες, etc. The orthotone form is used in codd.:a at the beginning of a sentence, τίς ἔνδον.. ; is any one within? A.Ch. 654 ( τὶς cj. Hermann); τί φημι; = λέγω τι; am I saying anything? S.Tr. 865, OT 1471; <τίς ἦλθε;> ἦλθέ τις has anybody come? Somebody has come, Sch.D.T. l.c.; τὶς κάθηται, τὶς περιπατεῖ, so and so is sitting (walking), S.E.M.8.97; τὶς αἰπόλος καλούμενος Κομάτας Sch.Theoc.7.78;τίς ποτε οἰκοδεσπότης.. ἐκοπία Aesop.
in Gloss. iii p.41; or after a pause,πῶς γὰρ ἄν, ἔφην ἐγώ, ὦ βέλτιστε, τὶς ἀποκρίναιτο Pl.R. 337e
; τι οὖν ([etym.] τὶς ἂν εἴποι) ταῦτα λέγεις; D.1.14 (v.l.);ἔντοσθεν δὲ γυνά, τι θεῶν δαίδαλμα Theoc.1.32
;οὐ γυμνὸν τὸ φίλαμα, τι δ' ὦ ξένε καὶ πλέον ἑξεῖς Mosch.1.5
(v.l. for τὺ).b when τις is opp. to another τις or to some other word,τισὶ μὲν συμφέρει, τισὶ δ' οὐ συμφέρει Arist.Pol. 1284b40
, cf. Th.2.92, Pl.Cri. 49a, D. 9.2;τινὲς μὲν οὖν.., ἡμεῖς δὲ.. Sor.1.1
;τὸ τὶ μὲν ψεῦδος ἔχον, τὶ δὲ ἀληθές S.E.M.8.127
;ἀλλὰ τινὰ μὲν.., τινὰ δὲ.. Gem.14.6
;ποτὲ μὲν πρὸς πάντα, ποτὲ δὲ πρὸς τινά Sor.1.48
: without such opposition, τοῦτ' εἰς ἀνίαν τοὔπος ἔρχεται τινί for a certain person, S.Aj. 1138. Codd. are not consistent; in signf.11.5a, 10c, 13 they make it enclitic; in signf. 11.5b sts. enclitic, sts. orthotone (v. supr.); sts. enclitic and orthotone in the same sentence,πάντα δὲ τὰ γιγνόμενα ὑπό τέ τινος γίγνεται καὶ ἔκ τινος καὶ τί Arist.Metaph. 1032a14
, cf. Pl.Chrm. 165c.2 position:a τις is rarely first word in the sentence, and rarely follows a pause (v. supr. 111.1a, b); it may stand second word,ἔσκε τις ἐνθάδε μάντις ἀνήρ Od.9.508
, cf. Il.8.515, 23.331; but in general its position is not far before or after the word to which it belongs in sense, ; .b in [dialect] Ion. Prose it sts. stands between its genitive and the Article of that genitive,τῶν τις Περσέων Hdt.1.85
;τῶν τις ἱρέων Id.2.38
;τῶν τινες Φοινίκων Id.8.90
;ἐς τῶν τι ἄλλο στομάτων τοῦ Νείλου Id.2.179
; so also in late Prose, Ath.3.108d, Eust.1402.18, 1659.27, 1676.1.c it stands between the Art. and Subst. in signf.11.10b.d τίς τι is the correct order, not τί τις, IG12.110.46, Th.7.10, X.An.4.1.14 (codd. dett.), D.22.22, etc.e whereas in [dialect] Att. the order ἐάν τις is compulsory, in [dialect] Dor. the usual order is αἴ τίς κα, Leg.Gort.9.43, al., Tab.Heracl.1.105, al. (butαἴ κά τις Epich.35
, 159;αἰ δέ κα μή τις Leg.Gort.5.13
): later [dialect] Dor. , al.; καἴ τι ἂν ( = καὶ εἴ τι ἂν) IG5(1).1390.50 (Andania, i B.C., v. infr. B.11.1b):—this [dialect] Dor. order influenced the Koine, as in the rareεἴ τις ἂν Plu.TG15
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6 εἶπον
εἶπον ( ἔειπ(α), εἶπε(ν), εἴειπεν; εἴπῃς, -ῃ; εἴποιμι, -οι; εἰπέ, εἶπον; εἰπών, -όντ(α), εἴπαις; εἰπεῖν:1ϝει- O. 8.46
, O. 13.71, N. 5.14, N. 6.27, I. 4.41, I. 6.55) acting as aor. of λέγω, said, told, spoke1a followed by direct speech.τῷ μὲν εἶπε O. 1.75
ἔειπεν Ψπιπυλείᾳ O' 4. 23.Ταλαιονίδας εἶπεν ἐν Θήβαισι τοιοῦτόν τι ἔπος O. 6.16
τότ' ἔειπεν Ἀπόλλων P. 3.40
εἶπε δοὕτως ἡμιθέοισιν Ἰάσονος αἰχματᾶο ναύταις P. 4.11
ὀπιζομένων δ' ἔμπας τις εἶπεν καὶ τόδε P. 4.86
ἔειπεν δ' ὦδε P. 4.229
ὧδεἶπε μαρναμένων P. 8.43
εἶπέν τε φωνήσαις ἅτε μάντις ἀνήρ I. 6.51
τέρας δ' ἑὸν εἶπέν σφι Pae. 4.39
b abs., c. adv.ὣς ἦρα θεὸς σάφα εἴπαις O. 8.46
ὣς ἄρ' ἔειπεν P. 4.156
ὣς ἄῤεἰπὼν P. 9.66
ἔλπομαι μέγα εἰπὼν σκοποῦ ἄντα τυχεῖν N. 6.27
ὣς ἦρα εἰπὼν αὐτίκα ἕζετ I. 6.55
c c. acc. of that which was said, spoke ofτῷ μὲν ὁ Χρυσοκόμας ναῶν πλόον εἶπε O. 7.33
κεῖνα δὲ κεῖνος ἂν εἴποι ἔργα O. 8.62
παρθένος τόσα εἰπεῖν ἔδοξεν O. 13.71
“ εἰπὲ γένναν” P. 4.100 “ οὔτε ἔργον οὔτ' ἔπος ἐντράπελον κείνοισιν εἰπών” P. 4.105θρασύ μοι τόδ' εἰπεῖν φαενναῖς ἀρεταῖς ὁδὸν κυρίαν λόγων οἴκοθεν N. 7.50
ἄπιστον ἔειπ (sc. ἐγώ) N. 9.33ἔπος εἰπόντ' ἀγαθὸν ξυνὸν ὀρθῶσαι καλόν I. 1.46
τοῦτο γὰρ ἀθάνατον φωνᾶεν ἕρπει, εἴ τις εὖ εἴπῃ τι I. 4.41
cf. Pae. 4.39d c. inf. of indirect statement, command. εἶπον δὲ μεμνᾶσθαι Συρακοσσᾶν (impv.: v. Schadewaldt, 296̆{1}: sc. Αἰνέα) O. 6.92εἶπέ τιναὐτὸς ὁρᾶν γαῖαν O. 7.62
εἶπε δ' ἐν μέσσοις ἀπάγεσθαι, ὃς ἂν πρῶτος θορὼν ἀμφί οἱ ψαύσειε πέπλους (i. e. “ἐκεῖνος αὐτὴν ἀπαγέσθω Σ.) P. 9.119e followed by ὅτι, εἵνεκεν c. ind.Κλεόδαμον ὄφρ' ἰδοῖσ, υἱὸν εἴπῃς ὅτι οἱ νεὰν ἐστεφάνωσε κυδίμων ἀέθλων πτεροῖσι χαίταν O. 14.22
εἶπε δεὔβουλος ἐν μέσοισι Θέμις, εἵνεκεν πεπρωμένον ἦν ( οὕνεκεν coni. Donaldson) I. 8.31f followed by indirect question. οὐκ ἔχω /εἰπεῖν, τίνι τοῦτο Μοῖρα τέλος ἔμπεδον ὤρεξε N. 7.57
add. acc.αἰδέομαι μέγα εἰπεῖν ἐν δίκᾳ τε μὴ κεκινδυνευμένον, πῶς δὴ λίπον εὐκλέα νᾶσον, καὶ τίς ἄνδρας ἀλκίμους δαίμων ἀπ' Οἰνώνας ἔλασεν N. 5.14
πότερον δίκᾳ τεῖχος ὕψιον ἢ σκολιαῖς ἀπάταις ἀναβαίνει ἐπιχθόνιον γένος ἀνδρῶν, δίχα μοι νόος ἀτρέκειαν εἰπεῖν fr. 213. 4.2 c. dupl. acc., callἐμοὶ δ' ἄπορα γαστρίμαργον μακάρων τιν εἰπεῖν O. 1.52
δελφῖνι καὶ τάχος δἰ ἅλμας ἶσόν κ' εἴποιμι Μελησίαν N. 6.65
3 frag. ἔειπε δὲ μ[ Πα. 8A. 23. -
7 ὅστε
a rel., who, whichΜοῖῤ, ἅ τε πατρώιον τῶνδ' ἔχει τὸν εὔφρονα πότμον O. 2.35
Καφισίων ὑδάτων λαχοῖσαι αἵτε ναίετε καλλίπωλον ἕδραν, Χάριτες ( ταίτε coni. Bergk) O. 14.2θυγατέρι. ἅν τε δόλον αὐτῷ θέσαν Ζηνὸς παλάμαι P. 2.39
( Πηλεὺς καὶ Κάδμος)λέγονται μὰν βροτῶν ὄλβον ὑπέρτατον οἳ σχεῖν, οἵ τε ἄιον P. 3.89
“φιλίων δ' ἐπέων ἄρχετο, ξείνοις ἅ τ ἐλθόντεσσιν εὐεργέται δεῖπν ἐπαγγέλλοντι πρῶτον” P. 4.30 [ οἳ τε (codd.: οἳ γε Mosch.: οἳ λτ;προγτ; Schr.: τε del. Wil., edd. plerique) P. 7.10]χάριν. ἅ τε τὸν Ἰφικλείδαν διαφέρει Ἰόλαον P. 11.59
φιλάγλαε, καλλίστα βροτεᾶν πολίων, Φερσεφόνας ἕδος, ἅ τ' ὄχθαις ἔπι μηλοβότου ναίεις Ἀκράγαντος ἐύδματον κολώναν, ὦ ἄνα P. 12.2
ἀρούραισιν, αἵτ' ἀμειβόμεναι τόκα μὲν ὦν βίον ἀνδράσιν ἐπηετανὸν ἐκ πεδίων ἔδοσαν N. 6.9
ἀεθλοφόροι οἵ τε πόνων ἐγεύσαντο N. 6.24
ἔργα. Βασσίδαισιν ἅ τ' οὐ σπανίζει N. 6.31
ὥρα πότνια, ἅ τε παρθενηίοις παίδων τ' ἐφίζοισα γλεφάροις τὸν μὲν ἡμέροις ἀνάγκας χερσὶ βαστάζεις, ἕτερον δ ἑτέραις (v. Barrett on Eur., Hipp. 526) N. 8.2ἱππίων ἀέθλων κορυφάν, ἅ τε Φοίβῳ θῆκεν Ἄδραστος N. 9.9
χαλκὸν μυρίον ὅν τε Κλείτωρ θῆκε N. 10.47
παῖ Ῥέας, ἅ τε πρυτανεῖα λέλογχας, Ἑστία N. 11.1
Νικόμαχος ὅν τε καὶ κάρυκες ὡρᾶν ἐνέγνον I. 2.23
φάμα · ἅ τε κἀν γουνοῖς Ἀθανᾶν ἅρμα καρύξαισα νικᾶν ἔν τ' Ἀδραστείοις ἀέθλοις Σικυῶνος I. 4.25
ἀλώπηξ, αἰετοῦ ἅ τ' ἀναπιτναμένα ῥόμβον ἴσχει I. 4.47
“Πηλέι, ὅν τ' εὐσεβέστατον φάτις Ἰαολκοῦ τράφειν πεδίον” I. 8.40 τέρας, ἅν τε βροτοὶ Δᾶλον κικλῄσκοισιν fr. 33c. 3.Πανελλάδος, ἅν τε Δελφῶν ἔθνος εὔξατο λιμοῦ θ[ Pae. 6.63
[οἵ τ (τ balances τ v. 5.) fr. 75. 3.] ὦ μάκαρ, ὅν τε μεγάλας θεοῦ κύνα παντοδαπὸν καλέοισιν Ὀλύμπιοι fr. 96. 1. νεάνιδες, αἵ τε τᾶς χλωρᾶς λιβάνου ξανθὰ δάκρη θυμιᾶτε fr. 122. 3. τῶ[ν.. Λο]κρῶν τις, οἵ τ' ἀργίλοφον πὰρ Ζεφυρίου κολώναν ν[ fr. 140b. 4. πῦρ πνέοντος ἅ τε κεραυνοῦ ἄγχιστα (sc. ἡμένα Ἀθάνα) fr. 146. om. antecedent,σάφα δαεὶς ἅ τε οἱ πατέρων ὀρθαὶ φρένες ἐξ ἀγαθῶν ἔχρεον O. 7.91
b n. pl. ἅτε,I just as, like c. subs., part., gen. abs.ὁ δὲ χρυσὸς αἰθόμενον πῦρ ἅτε διαπρέπει νυκτὶ O. 1.2
τεά κεν ἐνδομάχας ἅτ' ἀλέκτωρ συγγόνῳ παῤ ἑστίᾳ ἀκλεὴς τιμὰ κατεφυλλορόησεν ποδῶν O. 12.14
ἅτε γὰρ ἐννάλιον πόνον ἐχοίσας βαθὺ σκευᾶς ἑτέρας, ἀβάπτιστος εἶμι P. 2.79
ταὐτὰ δὲ τρὶς τετράκι τ' ἀμπολεῖν ἀπορία τελέθει, τέκνοισιν ἅτε μαψυλάκας Διὸς Κόρινθος N. 7.105
εἶπέν τε φωνήσαις ἅτε μάντις ἀνήρ I. 6.51
ἤτορι δὲ φίλῳ παῖς ἅτε ματέρι κεδνᾷ πειθόμενος Pae. 6.12
ποτίκολλον ἅτε ξύλον παρὰ ξύλῳ fr. 241.II inasmuch as c. part.ποτὶ δ' ἐχθρὸν ἅτ ἐχθρὸς ἐὼν ὑποθεύσομαι P. 2.84
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8 ὅς τε
a rel., who, whichΜοῖῤ, ἅ τε πατρώιον τῶνδ' ἔχει τὸν εὔφρονα πότμον O. 2.35
Καφισίων ὑδάτων λαχοῖσαι αἵτε ναίετε καλλίπωλον ἕδραν, Χάριτες ( ταίτε coni. Bergk) O. 14.2θυγατέρι. ἅν τε δόλον αὐτῷ θέσαν Ζηνὸς παλάμαι P. 2.39
( Πηλεὺς καὶ Κάδμος)λέγονται μὰν βροτῶν ὄλβον ὑπέρτατον οἳ σχεῖν, οἵ τε ἄιον P. 3.89
“φιλίων δ' ἐπέων ἄρχετο, ξείνοις ἅ τ ἐλθόντεσσιν εὐεργέται δεῖπν ἐπαγγέλλοντι πρῶτον” P. 4.30 [ οἳ τε (codd.: οἳ γε Mosch.: οἳ λτ;προγτ; Schr.: τε del. Wil., edd. plerique) P. 7.10]χάριν. ἅ τε τὸν Ἰφικλείδαν διαφέρει Ἰόλαον P. 11.59
φιλάγλαε, καλλίστα βροτεᾶν πολίων, Φερσεφόνας ἕδος, ἅ τ' ὄχθαις ἔπι μηλοβότου ναίεις Ἀκράγαντος ἐύδματον κολώναν, ὦ ἄνα P. 12.2
ἀρούραισιν, αἵτ' ἀμειβόμεναι τόκα μὲν ὦν βίον ἀνδράσιν ἐπηετανὸν ἐκ πεδίων ἔδοσαν N. 6.9
ἀεθλοφόροι οἵ τε πόνων ἐγεύσαντο N. 6.24
ἔργα. Βασσίδαισιν ἅ τ' οὐ σπανίζει N. 6.31
ὥρα πότνια, ἅ τε παρθενηίοις παίδων τ' ἐφίζοισα γλεφάροις τὸν μὲν ἡμέροις ἀνάγκας χερσὶ βαστάζεις, ἕτερον δ ἑτέραις (v. Barrett on Eur., Hipp. 526) N. 8.2ἱππίων ἀέθλων κορυφάν, ἅ τε Φοίβῳ θῆκεν Ἄδραστος N. 9.9
χαλκὸν μυρίον ὅν τε Κλείτωρ θῆκε N. 10.47
παῖ Ῥέας, ἅ τε πρυτανεῖα λέλογχας, Ἑστία N. 11.1
Νικόμαχος ὅν τε καὶ κάρυκες ὡρᾶν ἐνέγνον I. 2.23
φάμα · ἅ τε κἀν γουνοῖς Ἀθανᾶν ἅρμα καρύξαισα νικᾶν ἔν τ' Ἀδραστείοις ἀέθλοις Σικυῶνος I. 4.25
ἀλώπηξ, αἰετοῦ ἅ τ' ἀναπιτναμένα ῥόμβον ἴσχει I. 4.47
“Πηλέι, ὅν τ' εὐσεβέστατον φάτις Ἰαολκοῦ τράφειν πεδίον” I. 8.40 τέρας, ἅν τε βροτοὶ Δᾶλον κικλῄσκοισιν fr. 33c. 3.Πανελλάδος, ἅν τε Δελφῶν ἔθνος εὔξατο λιμοῦ θ[ Pae. 6.63
[οἵ τ (τ balances τ v. 5.) fr. 75. 3.] ὦ μάκαρ, ὅν τε μεγάλας θεοῦ κύνα παντοδαπὸν καλέοισιν Ὀλύμπιοι fr. 96. 1. νεάνιδες, αἵ τε τᾶς χλωρᾶς λιβάνου ξανθὰ δάκρη θυμιᾶτε fr. 122. 3. τῶ[ν.. Λο]κρῶν τις, οἵ τ' ἀργίλοφον πὰρ Ζεφυρίου κολώναν ν[ fr. 140b. 4. πῦρ πνέοντος ἅ τε κεραυνοῦ ἄγχιστα (sc. ἡμένα Ἀθάνα) fr. 146. om. antecedent,σάφα δαεὶς ἅ τε οἱ πατέρων ὀρθαὶ φρένες ἐξ ἀγαθῶν ἔχρεον O. 7.91
b n. pl. ἅτε,I just as, like c. subs., part., gen. abs.ὁ δὲ χρυσὸς αἰθόμενον πῦρ ἅτε διαπρέπει νυκτὶ O. 1.2
τεά κεν ἐνδομάχας ἅτ' ἀλέκτωρ συγγόνῳ παῤ ἑστίᾳ ἀκλεὴς τιμὰ κατεφυλλορόησεν ποδῶν O. 12.14
ἅτε γὰρ ἐννάλιον πόνον ἐχοίσας βαθὺ σκευᾶς ἑτέρας, ἀβάπτιστος εἶμι P. 2.79
ταὐτὰ δὲ τρὶς τετράκι τ' ἀμπολεῖν ἀπορία τελέθει, τέκνοισιν ἅτε μαψυλάκας Διὸς Κόρινθος N. 7.105
εἶπέν τε φωνήσαις ἅτε μάντις ἀνήρ I. 6.51
ἤτορι δὲ φίλῳ παῖς ἅτε ματέρι κεδνᾷ πειθόμενος Pae. 6.12
ποτίκολλον ἅτε ξύλον παρὰ ξύλῳ fr. 241.II inasmuch as c. part.ποτὶ δ' ἐχθρὸν ἅτ ἐχθρὸς ἐὼν ὑποθεύσομαι P. 2.84
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9 φωνέω
φωνέω, -άω (v. Forssman, 79ff.)1 speak φώνᾶσε δ (codd.: φώνησε Mommsen) O. 13.67ταῦτά μοι θαυμαστὸς ὄνειρος ἰὼν φωνεῖ P. 4.163
ὄρθιον φώνᾶσε (codd.: φώνησε Mommsen) N. 10.76εἶπέν τε φωνήσαις ἅτε μάντις ἀνήρ I. 6.51
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10 φωνάω
φωνέω, -άω (v. Forssman, 79ff.)1 speak φώνᾶσε δ (codd.: φώνησε Mommsen) O. 13.67ταῦτά μοι θαυμαστὸς ὄνειρος ἰὼν φωνεῖ P. 4.163
ὄρθιον φώνᾶσε (codd.: φώνησε Mommsen) N. 10.76εἶπέν τε φωνήσαις ἅτε μάντις ἀνήρ I. 6.51
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11 τελέω
τελέω (τελεῖς, -εῖ; -έων: fut. τελέσσω, τελέσει: impf. τέλει: aor. (ἐ)τέλεσσεν, τέλεσαν; τέλεσσον; τελέσαις, -άντων: τελέσαι, τελέσσαι: pass. aor. τελεσθέντων: pf. τετελεσμένον.)aI bring to pass, bring aboutτελεῖ δὲ θεῶν δύναμις καὶ τὰν παρ' ὅρκον καὶ παρὰ ἐλπίδα κούφαν κτίσιν O. 13.83
“ τοῦτ' ἔργον βασιλεὺς ἐμοὶ τελέσαις” P. 4.230ἔργον πελώριον τελέσαις P. 6.41
ἐμοὶ δὲ θαυμάσαι θεῶν τελεσάντων οὐδέν ποτε φαίνεται ἔμμεν ἄπιστον P. 10.49
ἐμοὶ δ' ὁποίαν ἀρετὰν ἔδωκε Πότμος ἄναξ, εὖ οἶδ ὅτι χρόνος ἕρπων πεπρωμέναν τελέσει N. 4.43
ἔστι δέ τις λόγος ἀνθρώπων, τετελεσμένον ἐσλὸν μὴ χαμαὶ σιγᾷ καλύψαι N. 9.6
ἀλλ' οὔ σφιν ἄμβροτοι τέλεσαν εὐνὰν θεῶν πραπίδες I. 8.30
“Κρονίων, τελεῖς ς[ ]πεπρωμέναν πάθαν (Π̆{ac} et Σ: τέλει Π̆{pc}: δύναται τελέω ἐπιτελέω Σ.) Πα. 8A. 15.II fulfil (prophecies) ἐν δὲ Πυθῶνι χρησθὲν παλαίφατον τέλεσσεν (sc. Οἰδίπους) O. 2.40 “ τοῦτον ἄεθλον ἑκὼν τέλεσον” P. 4.165III bring to fulnessθεός τέ οἱ τὸ νῦν τε πρόφρων τελεῖ δύνασιν P. 5.117
IV complete ( ναῦν) τέλεσαν ἃν πλαγαὶ σιδάρου (τέλεσεν Σ̆{γρ˙}, Wackernagel) P. 4.246b bring to birthτὸν μὲν εὐίππου Φλεγύα θυγάτηρ πρὶν τελέσσαι ματροπόλῳ σὺν Ἐλειθυίᾳ P. 3.9
“ νῦν σε ( Δία) — λίσσομαι παῖδα θρασὺν ἐξ Ἐριβοίας ἀνδρὶ τῷδε ξεῖνον ἁμὸν μοιρίδιον τελέσαι” I. 6.46 τᾶς ὁ κράτιστος ἐράσσατο μιχθεὶς τοξοφόρον τελέσαι γόνον[ Πα. 7B. 52.c pay tribute of c. acc. & dat.παίδεσσιν ὕμνον Δεινομένεος τελέσαις P. 1.79
ἄλλοις δέ τις ἐτέλεσσεν ἄλλος ἀνὴρ εὐαχέα βασιλεῦσιν ὕμνον P. 2.13
ψυχὰν Ἀίδᾳ τελέων οὐ φράζεται δόξας ἄνευθεν I. 1.68
d dub., ? reckon up ἑπτὰ δ' ἔπειτα πυρᾶν νεκρῶν τελεσθέντων Ταλαιονίδας εἶπεν ( νεκροῖς coni. Wil.: τελεσθεισᾶν Pauw, cf. Fraenkel on Ag. 562: τὰς πυρὰς ὁ Πίνδαρος καταριθμεῖται οὐ πρὸς αὐτοὺς τοὺς στρατηγοὺς ἀλλὰ τὰ τούτων στρατεύματα Σ; of the army of the Seven, cf. Thummer, 17̆{2}) O. 6.15e fragg. τελέσαι δ' ὀλ[ κα]τελάμβανον[ (Snell: τελε.αι G-H: τελεται Lobel) Πα. 12. 1. μάντις ὡς τελέσσω ἱεραπόλος Παρθ. 1. 5. -
12 μή
A mā´, Arm. mi [from I.-E. mē´], negative used in prohibitions):— not, the negative of the will and thought, as οὐ of fact and statement; μή rejects, οὐ denies; μή is relative, οὐ absolute; μή subjective, οὐ objective. (A few examples of μηδέ and μηδείς have been included.)A in INDEPENDENT sentences, used in expressions of will or wish, command, entreaty, warning,1 with [tense] pres. imper., 2 pers.,μή μ' ἐρέθιζε Il.1.32
, al.; 3 pers.,μή μευ πειράτω 9.345
, etc.: rarely with [tense] aor. imper.,μὴ.. ἔνθεο τιμῇ 4.410
, cf. Od.24.248; in [dialect] Att.,μὴ ψεῦσον, ὦ Ζεῦ, τῆς.. ἐλπίδος Ar.Th. 870
; 3 pers.,μή τις ἀκουσάτω Od.16.301
, cf. Pi.O.8.55, P.5.23, A.Th. 1041, S.Aj. 1180;μηδεὶς νομισάτω, προσδοκησάτω X.Cyr.7.5.73
, Pl.Ap. 17c: with [tense] pf. imper. 3 pers.,μή τις ὀπίσσω τετράφθω Il.12.272
; or 2 pers. when [tense] pf. = [tense] pres.,μὴ κεκράγετε Ar. V. 415
.2 with subj. (usu. 2 pers. of [tense] aor.), in prohibitions,μὴ δή με.. ἐάσῃς Il.5.684
, cf. A.Pr. 583 (lyr.), al.; μή τοί με κρύψῃς τοῦτο ib. 625, cf. S.Ph. 470;μὴ φθονήσῃς Pl.Prt. 320c
: coupled with [tense] pres. imper.,μὴ βοηθήσητε τῷ πεπονθότι δεινά, μὴ εὐορκεῖτε D.21.211
; 3 pers.,μὴ.. γένηται Il.4.37
, cf. Od.22.213;μὴ ματεύσῃ θεὸς γενέσθαι Pi.O.5.24
: rarely, if ever, with 2 pers. [tense] pres. subj., (leg. κάμῃς); 3 pers., μή τις οἴηται, = μὴ οἰώμεθα, Pl.Lg. 861e: also with the hortative subj. used to supply the 1 pers. of the imper., [tense] pres. μὴ ἴομεν ([etym.] ἴωμεν) Il.12.216, etc.;μὴ διώκωμεν Hdt.8.109
, etc.: [tense] aor.μὴ πάθωμεν X.Cyr.1.5.11
, etc.: rarely with [ per.] 1sg.,μή σε.. κιχείω Il.1.26
, cf. 21.475, 22.123, S.OC 174 (anap.).b with [tense] pres. or [tense] aor. subj. in a warning or statement of fear, μὴ.. γένησθε take care you do not become, Il.5.487; μὴ.. ὑφαίνῃσιν I fear.. may prove to be weaving, Od.5.356; : in [dialect] Att. Prose, to make a polite suggestion of apprehension or hesitation, perhaps, , cf. Tht. 188d, Arist.Pol. 1291a8, al.: in later Greek the ind. is found,μὴ ἡ ἔννοια ἡμῶν.. ἀντιλαμβάνεται Dam.Pr.27
.3 with [tense] fut. ind., a dub. usage ( νεμεσήσετ ' is subj. in Il.15.115),μηδεμίαν ἄδειαν δώσετε Lys.29.13
; μὴ βουλήσεσθε (Pap. βούλη[σθ]ε) D.23.117; cf.μαλακὸν ἐνδώσετε μηδέν Ar.Pl. 488
.4 with past tenses of ind. to express an unfulfilled wish,μὴ ὄφελες λίσσεσθαι Il.9.698
, cf. Od. 11.548; ;εἴθε μή ποτ' εἰδόμαν Id.OT 1217
(lyr.), cf. E.IA70, Cyc. 186, X.Cyr.4.6.3.5 with opt. to express a negative wish, with [tense] pres.,ἃ μὴ κραίνοι τύχη A.Th. 426
, cf. Eu. 938 (lyr.): more freq. with [tense] aor.,μὴ σέ γ' ἐν ἀμφιάλῳ Ἰθάκῃ βασιλῆα Κρονίων ποιήσειεν Od.1.386
, cf. 403, 11.613.6 in oaths and asseverations,ἴστω Ζεὺς.., μὴ μὲν τοῖς ἵπποισιν ἀνὴρ ἐποχήσεται ἄλλος Il.10.330
;ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα.., μὴ.. Ποσειδάων.. πημαίνει Τρῶας 15.41
;μὰ τὴν Ἀφροδίτην.., μὴ ἐγώ σ' ἀφήσω Ar.Ec. 1000
, cf. Av. 195, Lys. 917.7 c. inf., when used as imper.,μὴ δή μοι ἀπόπροθεν ἰσχέμεν ἵππους Il.17.501
;μὴ πρὶν ἐπ' ἠέλιον δῦναι 2.413
;οἷς μὴ πελάζειν A.Pr. 712
.8 freq. without a Verb, εἰ χρή, θανοῦμαι. Answ. μὴ σύ γε (sc. θάνῃς) S.OC 1441; ἄπελθε νῦν. Answ. μὴ (sc. γενέσθω) ἀλλά nay but, Ar.Ach. 458; in curt expressions, μὴ τριβὰς ἔτι (sc. ποιεῖσθε) S.Ant. 577; μή μοι σύ none of that to me! E.Med. 964; μή μοι πρόφασιν no excuses! Ar.Ach. 345;μή μοί γε μύθους Id.V. 1179
.B in DEPENDENT clauses:1 with Final Conjs.,ἵνα μή Il.19.348
, etc.;ὅπως μή D.27.5
,al.;ὡς μή Il.8.37
, A.Pr.53,al.;ὄφρα μή Il. 1.118
,al.: with ὅπως ἄν and ὡς ἄν, that so,ὅπως ἂν.. μηδέ Ar.V. 178
, Pl.Grg. 481a;ὡς ἂν μή Od.4.749
, Hdt.1.5; butb μή alone, = ἵνα μή, lest,ἀπόστιχε μή τινοήσῃ Ἥρη Il.1.522
, cf. 587;λίσσεσθαι.., μή οἱ.. χολώσαιτο φρένα κούρη Od.6.147
: [tense] fut. ind. and [tense] aor. subj. in consecutive clauses, Ar.Ec. 495 (lyr., dub.l.).2 in the protasis of conditional sentences, v. εἰ (for the exceptions v. οὐ), and with temporal conjunctions used conditionally, v. ἐπειδάν, ὅταν, ὅτε, etc.b ὅτι μή except,ὅτι μὴ Χῖοι μοῦνοι Hdt.1.18
, cf. Th.4.26;ὅτι μὴ πᾶσα ἀνάγκη Pl.Phd. 67a
; ὅσον μή ib. 83a; ὅσα μὴ ἀποβαίνοντες provided only that they did not disembark, Th.4.16.3 in later Gr., with causal Conjs.,ὁ μὴ πιστεύων ἤδη κέκριται, ὅτι μὴ πεπίστευκεν Ev.Jo.3.18
, cf. Luc.DMort.21.2, D Deor.2.1;ἐπεὶ μή Id.Hist.Conscr.3
, etc.: also after ὅτι and ὡς that, , cf. Luc.Hist.Conscr.29, DDeor.20.10.4 in relat. clauses, which imply a condition or generality, ὃς δὲ μὴ εἶδέ κω τὴν κανναβίδα whoever.., Hdt.4.74; ὃ μὴ κελεύσει (fort. κελεύσαι) Ζεύς such a thing as.., A.Eu. 618, cf. 661, 899; λέγονθ' ἃ μὴ δεῖ such things as one ought not, S.Ph. 583; ; : freq. with subj.,ᾧ μὴ ἄλλοι ἀοσσητῆρες ἔωσιν Od.4.165
, al.: with ἄν, S.OT 281: with opt.,ἃ μὴ σαφῶς εἰδείη X.Cyr.1.6.19
, etc.: less freq. with opt. and ἄν, Pl.Phlb. 20a, Lg. 839a; γένοιτο δ' ἂν ἐν ᾗ μή τι ἂν προσδοκήσειεν χώρᾳ ib. 872d.5 c. inf.,a regularlyfrom Homer on, exc. after Verbs of saying and thinking (but v. infr. c): after ὥστε orὡς, ὥστε μὴ φρονεῖν A.Pers. 725
(troch.), etc. (for exceptions v. οὐ): always when the inf. takes the Art.,τὸ μὴ προμαθεῖν Pi.O.8.60
;τὸ μὴ ἀμελεῖν μάθε A. Eu.86
, cf. 749, Pr. 624; .b by an apparent pleonasm after Verbs of negative result signifying to forbid, deny, and the like ,ὁ δ' ἀναίνετο μηδὲν ἑλέσθαι Il.18.500
(without μή ib. 450);ἀντιδικεῖν Lys.6.12
([etym.] μηδέν); ἀντιλέγειν Th.5.49
, Is.4.15 ([etym.] μηδέ); ἀπαγορεύειν Antipho 5.34
, And.4.9; , D.33.19, etc.; ; , al. (withoutμή S.Aj.70
);ἀπιστεῖν Th.4.40
;ἀπεγνωκέναι Lys.1.34
;ἀποστερεῖσθαι Antipho 2.4.1
([etym.] μηδέ); ἀποτρέπεσθαι Id.5.32
([etym.] μηδέν) ; ἀρνεῖσθαι, ἔξαρνος εἶναι, Ar.Eq. 572, Hdt.3.67;ἐναντιωθῆναι Pl.Ap. 32b
;σχεῖν Hdt.1.158
; παύειν (where the part. is more freq.) Ar.Ach. 634; ;ἐπάρατον ἦν μὴ οἰκεῖν Th.2.17
: in these cases the Art. freq. precedesμή, τὸ δὲ μὴ λεηλατῆσαι.. ἔσχε τόδε Hdt.5.101
; ἐξομῇ τὸ μὴ εἰδέναι; S.Ant. 535; εἴργειν τὸ μή .. Th.3.1, etc.; also (lyr.): with Art. in gen., ἔχειν τοῦ μή .. X.An.3.5.71; ἐμποδὼν γίγνεσθαι τοῦ μή .. Id.Cyr.2.4.23.c after Verbs of saying and thinking which involve an action of will, as in those signifying to swear, aver, believe, and the like ; so after ὄμνυμι, Il.9.133, Od.5.179, Hdt.1.165, 2.179, Ar.V. 1047, etc.;μαρτυρῶ Lys.7.11
, D.45.15, etc.; , Smp. 202b, cf. Phd. 93d, etc.;ἐγγυῶμαι Pi.O.11(10).18
, Pl.Prt. 336d; , etc.;πιστεύω And.1.2
, X.An.1.9.8, etc.: occasionally with other Verbs,φημί Id.Mem.1.2.39
, Pl.Tht. 155a; λέγω, προλέγω, Th. 5.49, 1.139; πάντες ἐροῦσι μή .. X. Cyr.7.1.18; νομίζω ib.7.5.59, Th.6.102; : very freq. in later Gr., Ev.Matt.2.12, Luc. Peregr.44, etc.6 with the part., when it can be resolved into a conditional clause, μὴ ἐνείκας, = εἰ μὴ ἤνεικε, Hdt.4.64; μὴ θέλων, = εἰ μὴ θέλεις, A.Pr. 504; μὴ δολώσαντος θεοῦ, = εἰ μὴ ἐδόλωσε, Id.Ag. 273; μὴ δρῶν, = εἰ μὴ δρῴην, S.OT77, etc.: in a general or characteristic sense, δίδασκέ με ὡς μὴ εἰδότα, = ut qui nihil sciam, Id.OC 1155, cf. Ant. 1063, 1064; τίς πρὸς ἀνδρὸς μὴ βλέποντος ἄρκεσις; one who sees not, Id.OC73: in this signf. freq. with the Art.,ὁ μὴ λεύσσων Id.Tr. 828
(lyr.);ὁ μὴ δουλεύσας Pl.Lg. 762e
;τῷ μὴ εἰργασμένῳ Antipho 5.65
;τὸν.. μὴ φροντίσαντα Lycurg.27
, cf. 45, etc.: with causal significance,μὴ παρὼν θαυμάζεται S.OT 289
, etc.;ἄθλια πάσχω μὴ.. μόνον βιαζόμενος Antipho 2.2.4
; ;μηδενὸς ἐμποδὼν ὄντος D.3.8
: very freq. in later Greek, POxy.38.16 (i A.D.), Luc.DMeretr.12.4, etc.: occasionally after Verbs of knowing and showing, S.Ph.79, OC 656, 797, 1122, E.Tr. 970, Th.1.76, 2.17.7 with Substs., Adjs., and Advbs. used generically, with or without Art.,τὰ μὴ δίκαια A.Eu. 432
;δίκαια καὶ μὴ δίκαια Id.Ch.78
(lyr.);τὸ μὴ 'νδικον S.OT 682
(lyr.);τὸ μὴ καλόν Id.Ant. 370
(lyr.); ἡ μὴ 'μπειρία, = τὸ μὴ ἔχειν ἐμπειρίαν, want of experience, Ar.Ec. 115;ἡ μὴ ἐπιτροπή Pl.Lg. 966c
; δῆμον καὶ μὴ δῆμον ib. 759b;ὁ μὴ ἰατρός Id.Grg. 459b
;νίκης μὴ κακῆς A.Eu. 903
, cf. Th. 411;τῷ φρονοῦντι μὴ καλῶς Id.Pr. 1012
, cf. Ag. 349, 927.8 after Verbs expressing fear or apprehension (cf. μὴ οὐ):a when the thing feared is [tense] fut., mostly with subj.: with [tense] pres. subj., δεινῶς ἀθυμῶ μὴ βλέπων ὁ μάντις ᾖ shall proveto be.., S.OT 747, cf.Ant. 1113;ὅρα μὴ κυβεύῃς Pl.Prt. 314a
: more freq. with [tense] aor.,δείδοικα.. μή σε παρείπῃ Il. 1.555
, cf. 9.244, 13.745: with [tense] pf., shall prove to have been, , cf. Ph. 494, Hdt.3.119,4.140, etc.: less freq. with [tense] fut. ind., X.Cyr.2.3.6, Ar.Ec. 488, Pl.Phlb. 13a: with opt. according to the sequence of moods and tenses: [tense] pres. opt., S. Tr. 482, X.An.1.10.9: [tense] aor., Od.11.634, etc.: [tense] pf., X.Cyr.1.3.10: with [tense] fut. opt. in oratio obliqua, Id.HG6.4.27, Mem.1.2.7, Pl.Euthphr. 15d: with opt. and ἄν, S.Tr. 631, X.vect.4.41.b when the action is [tense] pres. or past, the ind. is used, , cf. E. Ion 1523, Ar.Nu. 493, Pl.La. 196c;ὅρα μὴ παίζων ἔλεγεν Id.Tht. 145b
, cf. E.Hel. 119; , cf. E.Or. 209, Pl.Ly. 218d;δείδω μὴ δὴ πάντα θεὰ νημερτέα εἶπεν Od. 5.300
.c with ind. and subj. in consecutive clauses, E.Ph.93.C in QUESTIONS:I direct questions,1 with ind., where aneg. answer is anticipated (but more generally in A.Ag. 683 (lyr.), S.OC 1502, Tr. 316, Pl.Grg. 488b), in Hom. only ἦ μή .. ; Od.6.200, 9.405; μή σοι δοκοῦμεν .. ; A.Pers. 344, cf. Pr. 249, 959, etc.: in Trag. and [dialect] Att. freq. ἆρα μή; Id.Th. 208, S.El. 446, Pl.R. 405a: for questions in which μή ([etym.] μηδέ ) follows οὐ, v. οὐ μή.b in other questions, τί μὴ ποιήσω; what am I not to do? S.El. 1276 (lyr.); τί μή; why not? Id.Aj. 668 (s.v.l.); cf. μήν2 with subj., when the speaker deliberates about a neg. action, μὴ οὕτω φῶμεν; Pl.R. 335c, cf. 337b, 417b; ὁ τοιοῦτος μὴ δῷ δίκην; D.21.35; πῶς μὴ φῶμεν; Pl.Tht. 161e: with opt. and ἄν, πῶς ἄν τις μὴ θυμῷ λέγοι; how can a man help being excited when he speaks? Id.Lg. 887c, cf. Grg. 510d, X. Mem.3.1.10.II indirect questions, freq. with Verbs implying fear and apprehension (cf. B. 8),ὄφρα ἴδωμεν μὴ τοὶ κοιμήσωνται Il.10.98
, cf. 101, Od.21.395;περισκοπῶ μή πού τις.. ἐγχρίμπτει S.El. 898
, cf. Th.2.13, etc.; also σκοπεῖσθαι πῶς ἂν μή .. Isoc.5.8, cf. 15.6; later in simple indirect questions,ἐπυνθάνετο μὴ ἔγνω Ant.Lib.23.5
.2 in questions introduced byεἰ, ἤρετό με.. εἰ μὴ μέμνημαι Aeschin.2.36
( εἰ οὐκ in same sense, 1.84): in the second part of a disjunctive question, εἰ.. ἢ (or εἴτε) μή.., εἴτε.. εἴτε μή .., A.Eu. 468, 612, And.1.7, Pl.Ap. 18a, R. 457d, X.Cyr.2.1.7; εἴτε.. εἴτε μή.., εἰ.. ἢ οὔ, εἰ.. ἢ μή without difference of meaning between μή and οὐ, Is.8.9; so also,τοὺς νόμους καταμανθάνειν εἰ καλῶς κεῖνται ἢ μή,.. τοὺς λόγους, εἰ ὀρθῶς διδάσκουσι τὸ πρᾶγμα ἢ οὔ Antipho 5.14
.D POSITION of μή. When the neg. extends its power over the whole clause, μή prop. precedes the Verb. When its force is limited to single words, it precedes those words. But Poets sts. put μή after the Verb,ὄλοιο μή πω S.Ph. 961
; φράσῃς.. μὴ πέρα ib. 332, cf. OC 1522.E PROSODY: in Trag. μή may be joined by synizesis with a following ει or ου, μὴ οὐ, μὴ εἰδέναι, S.OT13, 221, Tr. 321, etc.: initial ε after μή is cut off by aphaeresis,μὴ 'πὁθουν Id.Aj. 962
;μὴ 'μβαίνῃς Id.OC 400
; : in Prose,μὴ 'κ IG12.115.11
: μή folld. by α is sts. written μἀ .. (v. μὴ ἀλλά, etc.); sts. separately,μὴ ἀδικεῖν A.Eu.85
, etc.F μή in COMPOSITION, or joined with other Particles, as μὴ ἀλλά, μὴ γάρ, μὴ οὐ, μὴ ὅπως or ὅτι, μή ποτε, etc., will be found in alphabetical order. -
13 πρίν
πρίν, Adv. and Conj.,A before, until.[πρῐν 19
times in Hom., Il.2.344, al.; πρῑν in Il.6.81, 13.172, al.; once written [full] πρείν, Leg.Gort.7.40, but [full] πρίν IG12.60.11, 94.9, 114.46, etc.; Trag. and Com. always πρῐν ( πρίν γ' must be read in Ar.Ach. 176).]A Adv. of Time, before, either in the sense of sooner or in that of formerly, erst (implying duration up to a certain time):I of future time, with [tense] fut. Indic.,πρίν μιν καὶ γῆρας ἔπεισιν Il.1.29
, cf. 18.283, Od.2.198, etc.: with Subj. = [tense] fut.,πρὶν καὶ κακὸν ἄλλο πάθῃσθα Il.24.551
: with Opt. and κεν, πρίν κεν ἀνιηθεὶς σὴν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἵκοιο Od.3.117
, cf. 11.330, 14.155, Ar. Pax 1076, 1112: with Opt., Il. 24.800: with Imper., 9.250: with Inf. (expressing a wish), 2.413, (expressing an oath) Od.4.254.II of past time,1 formerly, once,πρὶν μέν μοι ὑπέσχετο.., νῦν δὲ.. Il.2.112
, v.l. in 9.19, cf. 23.827;πρὶν μὲν πόσιν ἐσθλὸν ἀπώλεσα Od.4.724
, cf. 3.408.2 formerly (up to a certain point), before, in this sense freq. with Art.,τὸ πρίν γ' ἐκέκαστο Il.5.54
;τὸ πρίν γε.., νῦν δὲ.. 13.105
;νῦν δὲ.. τὸ πρίν γε 16.208
, cf. A.Pr. 443, Hdt.1.129: without Art.,τὰς ἐπιστήμας ἅς ποτε καὶ π. εἴχομεν Pl.Phd. 75e
: with ellipsis of part. γενόμενος, τὰ π. πελώρια (sc. γενόμενα ) the giants of old, A.Pr. 151 (lyr.); τοῦ π. Αἰγέως Aegeus gone before, S.OC69;ἐν τῷ π. χρόνῳ Id.Ph. 1224
;ἐν τοῖς π. λόγοις Th.2.62
: with part. expressed,τὸ π. γενόμενον τέρας Hdt.8.37
;τοὺς πρὶν φυλαττομένους Pl.R. 547c
, etc.3 hitherto,π. μέν.. B.12.114
; until that time, and so meanwhile, Id.15.13.4 sts. folld. by gen.,π. ὥρας Pi.P.4.43
;π. ἀνηκέστου πάθους J.BJ1.6.1
;π. γενέσεως Thd.Su.42
;π. τῆς συνόδου S.E.M.9.371
;π. φάους Arr.An. 3.18.6
; π. τοῦ βλέψαι, π. τοῦ ἀποθανεῖν, S.E.P.7.162, v.l. in LXX To. 14.15; also πρὶν οὗ c. inf., SIG953.16 (Calymna, ii B.C.); c. indic., Test. ap. D.46.21.B Conj. before, ere: freq. following an antecedent clause with adverbial π. (chiefly in [dialect] Ep.), or its equivalents πρότερον, πρόσθεν, πάρος (poet.), esp. with negat.,οὐδὲ π..., π... Il.1.98
,7.481, Od.19.475;μὴ π..., π... Il.2.355
, E.HF 605;π..., π... Il.2.348
, 8.453, Od.19.586;οὐ πρότερον.., π... Ar.Ec. 620
, And.4.17, D.9.61;μὴ πρότερον.. π... S.Ph. 199
(anap.), Pl.Phd. 62c, Aeschin.1.10;πρότερον.., π... And.4.1
, X.Cyr.5.2.9;οὐ πρόσθεν.., π... Od. 17.9
, X.Cyr.1.4.23;μὴ πρόσθεν.., π... Id.An.1.1.10
;πρόσθε., π. τυχεῖν Pi.P.2.92
;οὐ πάρος.., π... Od.2.128
, Il.5.219; preceded by φθάνω, 16.322, Antipho 1.29, Th.4.79, 104, 6.97, 8.12, X.An.4.1.21, Cyr.2.4.25; sts. folld. byἤ, οὐ.. πρίν γ' ἀποπαύσεσθαι πρίν γ' ἢ ἕτερόν γε πεσόντα αἵματος ἆσαι Ἄρηα Il.5.288
, cf. 22.266, Hdt.1.136, 165, al.; dub. and perh. always corrupt in [dialect] Att. and X., Th.5.61, Lys.6.11, Isoc.4.19 (v.l.), Lycurg.128, Aeschin.2.132 (v.l.), X.Cyr.1.4.23, An. 4.5.1, but freq. in later Greek, LXX Ge.29.26, etc.I c. inf., the prevailing constr. in Hom., after positive and negative clauses alike: in [dialect] Att. mostly after positive clauses, and always used with them when the action does not or is not to take place: the tense is,I regularly [tense] aor.,a after a positive clause,ναῖε δὲ Πήδαιον, πρὶν ἐλθεῖν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν Il.13.172
, cf. 8.453, 16.322, Od.1.210;Ζεὺς ὀλέσειε βίην, πρὶν ἥβης μέτρον ἱκέσθαι 4.668
, cf. Il.6.465, 24.245, Pi.P.2.92.3.9, N.8.19, Hdt.6.119, A.Pers. 712, Ag. 1539 (anap.). S.Ant. 120 (lyr.), Tr. 396, E.Alc. 281, Ar.Eq. 258, al., Antipho 5.67, Th.1.125, X.An.4.1.7, Pl.Prt. 350b, al.; after negat. questions which expect a posit. answer, E.Andr. 1069, Ion 524, Rh. 684, Ar.Ra. 481, etc.b after a negat. clause,οὐδ' ὅ γε πρὶν Δαναοῖσιν ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἀπώσει, πρίν γ' ἀπὸ πατρὶ φίλῳ δόμεναι ἑλικώπιδα κούρην Il.1.98
, cf. 19.423, Od.2.128, 4.747 : after Hom. a negat. antecedent is commonly folld. by πρίν with finite Verb (v. infr. 11); but Inf. is found where π. precedes,π. ἰδεῖν δ', οὐδεὶς μάντις S.Aj. 1419
(anap.);π. μὲν γὰρ κριθῆναι, οὐ ῥᾴδιον ἦν εἰδέναι τὰς αἰτίας And.4.8
;π. νικῆσαι.., οὐκ ἦν.. Lys.19.28
;π. δὲ ταῦτα πρᾶξαι, μὴ σκοπεῖτε D.3.12
, cf. Lycurg. 135; also,οὔτε.. π. ἱδρῶσαι δεῖπνον ᾑρεῖτο X.Cyr.8.1.38
; also after Verbs of fearing (the positive being the thing dreaded),ὅταν.. δεδίωσι μὴ πρότερόν τι μάθῃς, π. τέλος ἐπιθεῖναι τοῖς πραττομένοις Isoc.5.70
, cf. E.Fr.453.6, S.Tr. 632; in unfulfilled conditions and wishes,οὔθ' ὁ Πλούτωνος κύων οὔθ' οὑπὶ κώπῃ ψυχοπομπὸς ἂν Χάρων ἔσχον π. εἰς φῶς σὸν καταστῆσαι βίον E.Alc. 362
, cf. Rh.61; otherwise not common,ὤφθην οὐδεπώποτε π. ταύτην τὴν συμφορὰν γενέσθαι Lys.19.55
;οὐδὲ παύσεται χόλου.., π. κατασκῆψαί τινα E.Med.94
, cf. HF 605;καί μοι μὴ θορυβήσῃ μηδεὶς π. ἀκοῦσαι D.5.15
, cf. X.Oec.4.24: after neg. opt. with ἄν, οὕτω γένοιτ' ἂν οὐδ' ἂν ἔκβασις στρατοῦ καλή, π. ὅρμῳ ναῦν θρασυνθῆναι a.Supp.772, cf. Pl.Lg. 769e: after a past tense (in orat. obliq.),ὤμοσαν μὴ π. ἐς Φώκαιαν ἥξειν, π. ἢ τὸν μύδρον τοῦτον ἀναφανῆναι Hdt.1.165
, cf. 4.9, Th. 7.50, X.HG6.5.23, Pl.Phd. 61a.2 also [tense] pres., to convey a special sense of continuance, effort, or the like , 'before undertaking to', 'before proceeding to',π. ἐξοπλίζειν Ἄρη A.Supp. 702
(lyr.), cf. Ag. 1067;π. νυν τὰ πλείον' ἱστορεῖν.., ἔξελθε S.OC36
, cf. El.20;π. κλαίειν τινά E.Andr. 577
, cf. Or. 1095;π. λέγειν Ar.Th. 380
, cf. Ach. 383, Hdt. 8.3, And.4.1, Th.3.24, Pl.Lg. 666a, X.Cyr.2.4.25, Mem.1.2.40, etc.3 also [tense] perf., after a [tense] fut.,π. τόδ' ἐξηντληκέναι E.Med.79
; after [tense] pres. or [tense] impf., Id.El. 1069, cf. Hdt.3.25;π..., τί μέλλετ'.. ; E.Ph. 1145
;π. καὶ τεθύσθαι Ar.Av. 1034
, cf. V. 1156, Pax 375, Lys. 322 (lyr.), Ra. 1185, X. An.4.1.21, Pl.Tht. 164c, Prt. 320a, etc.; with ἥκειν in [tense] pf. sense, Hdt.6.116;οὐ βουλόμενος διαγωνίσασθαι π. οἱ τοὺς βοηθοὺς ἥκειν Th.5.10
.II with a finite Verb:1 with Ind., chiefly [tense] aor.: not in Hom. (first in h.Ap. 357), who uses Ind. only with πρίν γ' ὅτε, πρίν γ' ὅτε δή, after both posit. and neg. clauses,ἠλώμην.., πρίν γ' ὅτε.. ἤγαγες Od.13.322
;πρίν γ' ὅτε δή με.. κάλεσσεν 23.43
, cf. Il.12.437;οὐδέ κεν ἡμέας ἄλλο διέκρινεν.., πρίν γ' ὅτε δὴ θανάτοιο.. νέφος ἀμφεκάλυψεν Od.4.180
: rarely with [tense] impf., οὐδ' ὧς τοῦ θυμὸν.. ἔπειθον, πρίν γ' ὅτε δὴ θάλαμος πύκ' ἐβάλλετο ( began to be hit) Il.9.588: freq. after Hom., with [tense] aor.,a after neg. clauses: of a fact in the past,οὐκ ἦν ἀλέξημ' οὐδὲν.., πρίν γ' ἐγώ σφισιν ἔδειξα A.Pr. 481
;οὐ πρότερον ἀπανέστη.. Μαρδόνιος, πρὶν ἤ σφεας ὑποχειρίους ἐποιήσατο Hdt.6.45
; ἀλλ' οὐδ' ὣς.. ἠξίωσαν νεώτερόν τι ποιεῖν ἐς αὐτο'ν.., πρίν γε δὴ αὐτοῖς.. μηνυτὴς γίγνεται (histor. [tense] pres. = [tense] aor.) Th.1.132, cf. 3.101, 5.61, Hdt.6.79, Ar.Av. 700, X.Cyr.1.4.23,4.5.13 (histor. [tense] pres.), HG5.4.58, etc.; once in Pl., Phdr. 266a; as part of an unfulfilled condition,οὐκ ἂν κατέσχε δῆμον οὐδ' ἐπαύσατο π. ἀνταράξας πῖαρ ἐξεῖλεν γάλα Sol.
ap. Arist.Ath.12.5;οὐκ ἂν ἐσκεψάμεθα πρότερον.., πρὶν ἐζητήσαμεν Pl.Men. 86d
, cf. Tht. 165e;χρῆν τοίνυν Αεπτίνην μὴ πρότερον τιθέναι τὸν ἑαυτοῦ νόμον, πρὶν τοῦτον ἔλυσε γραψάμενος D.20.96
; after verbs implying a neg.,ἀμφιγνοεῖν X.An.2.5.33
,θαυμάζειν Th.1.51
,λανθάνειν Id.3.29
; also with [tense] impf.,οὔπω ᾔδει.. π. ἐν τῷ κακῷ ἦν Antipho 1.19
, cf. And.4.17, D.9.61.b after posit. clauses (both combined, A.Pr. 481, Th.1.118), with the sense until,ἠγόμην δ' ἀνὴρ ἀστῶν μέγιστος.., πρίν μοι τύχη τοιάδ' ἐπέστη S.OT 776
; σπουδαὶ δὲ λόγων ἦσαν ἴσαι πως, πρὶν.. πείθει (histor. [tense] pres.) E. Hec. 131 (anap.);πρίν γ' ὁρᾷ Id.Med. 1173
; freq. folld. byδή, π. δή τις ἐφθέγξατο Id.Andr. 1147
; τὰ περὶ τοὺς ἀγῶνας κατελύθη (neg. idea)ὑπὸ ξυμφορῶν, πρὶν δὴ οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι τότε τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐποίησαν Th.3.104
, cf.7.39 (histor. [tense] pres.), 71.2 with Subj. only after negs. or equiv. of neg., = ἕως or ἢν μή (in Isoc.4.173 ἢν μή and πρὶν ἄν are used almost as synonyms);οὐ καταδυσόμεθ', ἀχνύμενοί περ.., πρὶν μόρσιμον ἦμαρ ἐπέλθῃ Od.10.175
;μή πω καταδύσεο.., πρίν γ' ἐμὲ.. ἴδηαι Il.18.135
, cf. 190, 24.781;ἀλλ' ὄμοσον μὴ μητρὶ φίλῃ τάδε μυθήσασθαι, πρίν γ' ὅτ' ἂν ἑνδεκάτη τε δυωδεκάτη τε γένηται Od.2.374
, cf. 4.477: in Prose usu. πρὶν ἄν (πρίν κα Berl.Sitzb.1927.161
([place name] Cyrene)), rarely π. alone, as also πρὶν ἤ:a generally with [tense] aor., to express an action preceding the action of the anteced. clause, the Verb in which is [tense] fut. (or some equiv. of the [tense] fut.) or imper.,οὐ γαμέεται παρθένος οὐδεμία, πρὶν ἂν τῶν πολεμίων ἄνδρα ἀποκτείνῃ Hdt.4.117
, cf. 1.82 (v.l.), 3.109 (v.l.); νῦν δ' οὐδέν ἐστι τέρμα μοι προκείμενον μόχθων (the sense here is [tense] fut.), , cf. 166 (lyr.), 177 (anap.);οὐ γάρ ποτ' ἔξει τῆσδε τῆς χώρας, πρὶν ἂν.. στήσῃς ἄγων S.OC 909
, cf. 48, 1041, OT 1529, etc.;οὐκ ἂν ἐκμάθοις.., πρὶν ἂν θάνῃ τις Id.Tr.2
;οὐκ ἄπειμι πρὸς δόμους πάλιν, πρὶν ἄν σε.. ἔξω βάλω E.Med. 276
, cf. 680, Alc. 1145, IA 324, IT19, 1302;μὴ προκαταγίγνωσκε.., π. ἄν γ' ἀκούσῃς ἀμφοτέρων Ar.V. 920
, cf. Ach. 176, 230, X.Hier.6.13, Cyr.1.2.8, An.1. 1.10, 5.7.12, Pl.Phdr. 228c, La. 187e (ἂν added in later codd.), etc.;μηδέν' ὀλβίζειν π. ἀ'ν τέρμα τοῦ βίου περάσῃ S.OT 1529
(troch.);οὐχὶ μὴ παύσησθε, π. ἄν.. ὑμᾶς τις ἐκτραχηλίσῃ Ar.Lys. 704
: π. withoutἄν, μὴ στέναζε, π. μάθῃς S.Ph. 917
, cf. Ant. 619 (lyr.), Aj. 742, 965, Tr. 608, 946;οὐκ ἔστιν ὅστις αὐτὸν ἐξαιρήσεται.., π. γυναῖκ' ἐμοὶ μεθῇ E.Alc. 849
, cf. Or. 1218, 1357 (lyr.);π. χαρίσωνται Ar.Ec. 629
(s.v.l.);οὐ γὰρ δή σφεας ἀπίει τῆς ἀποικίης, πρὶν δὴ ἀπίκωνται Hdt.4.157
;π. διαγνῶσι Th.6.29
; π... βεβαιωσώμεθα ib.10 (dub.l.);πρὶν ἀνάγκην τινὰ θεὸς ἐπιπέμψῃ Pl.Phd. 62c
codd.;π. ἐξετάσωσιν Hyp.Eux.4
: πρὶν ἤ (never with ἄν), π. ἢ ἀνορθώσωσι Hdt.1.19
, cf. 136, Pl.Ti. 57b, etc.: with neg. implied,ὁ δὲ ἀδικέει ἀναπειθόμενος π. ἢ ἀτρεκέως ἐκμάθῃ Hdt.7.10
.ή; αἰσχρὸν ἡγοῦμαι πρότερον παύσασθαι, π. ἂν.. ψηφίσησθε Lys. 22.4
;ὅστις οὖν οἴεται τοὺς ἄλλους πράξειν τι.., π. ἂν.. διαλλάξῃ, λίαν ἁπλῶς ἔχει Isoc.4.16
(where ὅστις οὖν οἴεται = οὐ δεῖ οὔεσθαι, as is shown by ἀλλὰ δεῖ in the next sentence, cf. D.38.24).b less freq. (never in Hom.) with [tense] pres. subj.: μήπω π. ἂν τῶν ἡμετέρων ἀΐῃς (the Verb has no [tense] aor.) (anap.);ὁ νομοθέτης τὰ διδασκαλεῖα ἀνοίγειν ἀπαγορεύει μὴ πρότερον π. ἂν ὁ ἥλιος ἀνίσχῃ Aeschin.1.10
, cf. Antipho 1.29, X.Cyr.2.2.8, Pl.Phdr. 271c.3 πρίν with Opt.:a representing subj. after histor. tenses,οὐκ ἔθελεν φεύγειν π. πειρήσαιτ' Ἀχιλῆος Il.21.580
; πρίν γ' ὅτε, as with subj., 9.488;ἔδοξέ μοι μὴ σῖγα π. φράσαιμί σοι τὸν πλοῦν ποεῖσθαι S. Ph. 551
, cf. Th.3.22, X.Cyr.1.4.14, HG6.5.19 (cf. 2.4.18), An.1.2.2, Pl.Ap. 36c, etc.b by assimilation,ὄλοιο μήπω π. μάθοιμι S.Ph. 961
, cf. Tr. 657 (lyr.); οὐδὲ γὰρ εἰδείης (potential opt.)..π. πειρηθείης Thgn.126
; after opt. withἄν, οὐκ ἂν πρότερον ὁρμήσειε π. βεβαιώσαιτο Pl.Lg. 799d
, cf. S.OT 505 (lyr.).4 π. ἄν c. opt. is doubtful, and (if not corrupt) due to the change required by orat. obl.,ἀπαγορευόντων τῶν φίλων τῶν ἐμῶν μὴ ἀποκτείνειν τὸν ἄνδρα, πρὶν ἄν ἐγὼ ἔλθοιμι Antipho 5.34
(s.v.l.), cf. X.HG2.3.48, 2.4.18. -
14 ἐν
ἐν, poet. [full] ἐνί, [full] εἰν, [full] εἰνί (Il.8.199, etc.), forms used by [dialect] Ep. and Lyric Poets as the metre requires, but only as f.l. in Trag.,A ; : Arc. and Cypr. [full] ἰν IG5(2).3.5, al., Inscr.Cypr.135.9 H., al.0-0PREP. WITH DAT. AND ACC. Radical sense, in, into.A WITH DAT.I OF PLACE,1 in,νήσῳ ἐν ἀμφιρύτῃ Od.1.50
;ἐν δώμασ' ἐμοῖσιν Il.6.221
;ἐνὶ προθύροισιν 11.777
;κοίλῃσ' ἐνὶ νηυσί Od.2.27
; with names of cities or islands, as ἐν Ἀθήνῃς, ἐν Τροίῃ, Il.2.549, 162;ἡ ἐν Κερκύρᾳ ναυμαχία Th.1.57
;ἡ ἐν Σαλαμῖνι μάχη Isoc.5.147
(but in [dialect] Att. the Prep.is sts.omitted, as with Ἐλευσῖνι, Μαραθῶνι; where ἐν is used, it = in the district of..,ὲν Ἐλευσῖνι IG22.1028.11
, ἐμ Μαραθῶνι ib.1243.21): ἐν χερσὶν ἐμῇσι in my arms, Il.22.426;ἐνὶ θυμῷ Od.16.331
, etc.; ἐν αὑτῷ εἶναι to be in one's senses, be oneself, ἔτ' ἐν σαυτῷ (v.l. - τοῦ) ; also ἐν αὑτοῦ, cf. signf. 2.b ἐν τοῖς ἰχθύσιν in the fish-market, Antiph.125;ἐν τῷ μύρῳ Ar.Eq. 1375
; so ἐν τοῖν δυοῖν ὀβολοῖν ἐθεώρουν ἄν in the two-obol seats, D.18.28.2 elliptic, in such phrases asἐν Ἀλκινόοιο Od.7.132
, cf.Leg.Gort.2.21, etc.;εἰν Ἀΐδαο Il.22.389
, [dialect] Att. ἐν Ἅιδου (v. Ἅιδης): laterἐν τοῖς τινός PRev.Laws 38.1
(iii B. C.), Ev.Luc.2.49;ἐν ἡμετέρου Hdt.1.35
, 7.8.δ'; ἐμ Πανδίονος IG22.1138.8
; ἐν Δημοτιωνιδῶν ib.2.841b21; ἐν τῶν πόλεων ib. 12.56.14: mostly with pr.n., but sts. with Appellatives, as,ἐν ἀφνειοῦ πατρός Il.6.47
; ; ἐν παιδοτρίβου, ἐν κιθαριστοῦ, at the school of.., Ar.Nu. 973, Pl.Tht. 206a; ἐν γειτόνων (v. γείτων) ἐν αὑτοῦ ( αὑτῷ cod. Rav.) Ar.V. 642, cf. Men.Sam. 125;οὐκέτ' ἐν ἐμαυτοῦ ἦν Pl.Chrm. 155d
;ἐν ὑμῶν αὐτῶν γένεσθε Lib.Or. 35.15
.3 in, within, surrounded by,οὐρανὸς ἐν αἰθέρι καὶ νεφέλῃσι Il.15.192
; after Hom., of clothing, armour, etc.,ἐν ἐσθῆτι Hdt.2.159
;ἐν πεπλώματι S.Tr. 613
;ἐν ἔντεσι Pi.O.4.24
; ἐν ὅπλοισι in or under arms, Hdt.1.13, etc.; also of particular kinds of arms, ἐν τόξοις, ἀκοντίοις, etc., equipped with them, dub.in X.Mem.3.9.2;ἐν μαχαίρῃ PTeb. 16.14
(ii B. C.);ἐν μεγάλοις φορτίοις βαδίζειν καὶ τρέχειν X. Cyr.2.3.14
;ἐν βαθεῖ πώγωνι Luc.Salt.5
.4 on, at or by,ἐν ποταμῷ Il. 18.521
, Od.5.466;ἐν ὄρεσσιν 19.205
;οὔρεος ἐν κορυφῇς Il.2.456
;ἐν θρόνοις Od.8.422
; νευρὴ ἐν τόξῳ the string on the bow, Il.15.463;ἐν [ξίφει] ἧλοι 11.29
; κατεκλάσθη ἐνὶ καυλῷ ἔγχος was broken off at or by the shaft, 13.608; ; ἐν οἴνῳ at wine, prob. in Call.Epigr.23, Luc.Dem.Enc.15.5 in the number of, amongst, freq.in Hom., ἐν Δαναοῖσι, προμάχοισι, μέσσοισιν, νεκύεσσι, Il.1.109, 3.31, 7.384, Od. 12.383, al.;οἴη ἐν ἀθανάτοισιν Il. 1.398
; and with Verbs of ruling,ἐν δ' ἄρα τοῖσιν ἦρχ' 13.689
;ἀνδράσιν ἐν πολλοῖσι.. ἀνάσσων Od.19.110
;φῦλον ἐν ἀνθρώποισι ματαιότατον Pi.P.3.21
; ;ἐν γυναιξὶν ἄλκιμος E.Or. 754
:—for ἐν τοῖς c. [comp] Sup., V. ὁ.b in the presence of,ἐν πᾶσι Od.2.194
; ;λέγοντες ἐν τῷ δήμῳ Pl.R. 565b
;μακρηγορεῖν ἐν εἰδόσι Th.2.36
;ἔλεγον ἐν τοῖς τριάκοντα Lys.12.6
;ἐν τοῖς ὄχλοις εἰπεῖν Isoc.3.21
; λέγειν ἐν ἀνδράσιν (of a woman) Lys.32.11; of a trial, διαγωνίζεσθαι, διαδικάζεσθαι ἔν τισι, Pl.Grg. 464d, Lg. 916b; .6 in one's hands, within one's reach or power, ;δύναμις γὰρ ἐν ὑμῖν Od.10.69
(comp. the Homeric phrasesθεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται Il.17.514
;ἐν γὰρ χερσὶ τέλος πολέμου 16.630
); freq. in Hdt. and [dialect] Att., ἔστιν ἔν τινι, c. inf., it depends on him to.., rests with him to..,ἔστιν ἐν σοὶ ἢ.. ἤ.. Hdt.6.109
, cf. 3.85, etc.; ;ἐν σοὶ γάρ ἐσμεν Id.OT 314
; ; ;ἐν τῷ θεῷ τὸ τέλος ἦν, οὐκ ἐμοί D.18.193
; also ἐν τούτῳ εἰσὶν πᾶσαι αἱ ἀποδείξεις depend on this, Pl.Prt. 354e; ἐν τούτῳ λύεται ἡ ἀπορία ἢ ἄλλοθι οὐδαμοῦ ib. 321e; ἔν γ' ἐμοί so far as rests with me, S.OC 153 (lyr.);ἐν δὲ σοὶ λελείψομαι E.Hipp. 324
; also ἐν ἐμοί in my judgement, S.OC 1214 (lyr.); ἐν θεοῖς καλά in the eyes of the gods, Id.Ant. 925.7 in respect of,ἐν πάντεσσ' ἔργοισι δαήμονα φῶτα Il.23.671
; ἐν γήρᾳ σύμμετρός τινι in point of age.., S. OT 1112; ἐν ἐμοὶ θρασύς in my case, towards me, Id.Aj. 1315; ἐν θανοῦσιν ὑβριστής ib. 1092; ἡ ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις μάθησις Pl.La. 190d; also οὐδὲν δεινὸν μὴ ἐν ἐμοὶ στῇ stop with me, Id.Ap. 28b.8 in a pregnant construction with Verbs of motion, into; implying both motion to and subsequent position in a place, ἐν κονίῃσι χαμαὶ πέσεν fell [to the dust and lay] in it, Il.4.482, etc.;βάλον ἐν κονίῃσι 5.588
;νηῒ δ' ἐνὶ πρύμνῃ ἔναρα θῆκ' 10.570
;ἐν χερσὶ τιθέναι 1.441
, etc.;ἐν χερσὶ βαλεῖν 5.574
; ἐν στήθεσσι μένος βαλεῖν ib. 513;ἐν Τρωσὶν ὄρουσαν 16.258
;ἐν χερσὶ πεσέειν 6.81
;λέων ἐν βουσὶ θορών 5.161
;ἐν δ' οἶνον ἔχευεν ἐν δέπαϊ χρυσέῳ Od.20.261
;ἐν τεύχεσσιν ἔδυνον Il.23.131
: in Trag. and [dialect] Att.,ἐν ποίμναις πίτνων S.Aj. 184
(lyr.), cf. 374 (lyr.);ἐν χωρίῳ ἐμπεπτωκώς Th.7.87
; ;ἐν τόπῳ καταπεφευγέναι Pl.Sph. 260c
;ἐν ᾅδου διαπορευθείς Id.Lg. 905b
;ῥιπτοῦντες σφᾶς ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ Arr.An.1.19.4
; later, with Verbs of coming and going,διαβάντες ἐν τῇ Σάμῳ Paus.7.4.3
, cf. LXX To.5.5, Arr.Epict.1.11.32, etc.: τὸν ἐν Σικελίᾳ πλοῦν is f.l. in Lys. 19.43 codd.9 πίνειν ἐν ποτηρίῳ to drink from a cup, Luc.DDeor. 6.2;ἐν ἀργύρῳ πίνειν Id.Merc.Cond.26
;ἐν μικροῖς D.L.1.104
.10 ἄργυρος ἐν ἐκπώμασι silver in the form of plate, Plu.2.260a; ἐμ φέρνῃ, ἐν θέματι, as a dowry, pledge, PPetr.1p.37, PTeb.120.125 (i B. C.).11 in citations, ἐν τοῦ σκήπτρου τῇ παραδόσει in the passage of the Il. describing this, Th.1.9, cf. Pl.Tht. 147c, Phlb. 33b.II OF STATE, CONDITION or POSITION:1 of outward circumstances,ἐν πολέμῳ Od.10.553
;ἐν δαιτί Il.4.259
;ἐν καρὸς αἴσῃ 9.378
;ἐν μοίρῃ Od.22.54
;οὑμὸς ἐν φάει βίος E.Ph. 1281
; ἐν γένει εἶναί τινι to be related to.., S.OT 1016; of occupations, pursuits, ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ εἶναι to be engaged in philosophy, Pl.Phd. 59a, cf. R. 489b; οἱ ἐν ποιήσι γενόμενοι poets, Hdt.2.82; οἱ ἐν τοῖς πράγμασι ministers of state, Th.3.28; οἱ ἐν τέλει the magistrates, Id.7.73, etc.;τοὺς ἐν ταῖς μοναρχίαις ὄντας Isoc.2.5
;ὁ ἐν ταῖς προσόδοις PPetr.1p.62
; ὁ μάντις ἦν ἐν τῇ τέχνῃ in the practice of it, S.OT 562.2 of inward states, of feeling, etc., ἐν φιλότητι, ἐν δοιῇ, Il.7.302,9.230;ἐν φόβῳ γενέσθαι Pl.R. 578e
;οὐκ ἐν αἰσχύνῃ τὰ σά E.Ph. 1276
;ἐν σιωπῇ τἀμά Id. Ion 1397
; ἐν ὀργῇ ἔχειν τινά to make him the object of one's anger, Th.2.21; ἐν ἔριδι εἶναι ibid.; ἐν αἰτίᾳ σχεῖν τινά to blame him, Hdt.5.106;ἐν αἰτίᾳ βαλεῖν S.OT 656
(lyr.); ἐν αἰτίᾳ εἶναι to have the blame, X.Mem. 2.8.9, etc.;οἱ ἐν ταῖς αἰτίαις D.Ep.2.14
.3 freq. with neut. Adj., ἐν βραχεῖ, = βραχέως, S.El. 673; ἐν τάχει, = ταχέως, Id.OT 765, etc.; ἐν καλῷ ἐστί, = καλῶς ἔχει, E.Heracl. 971; ἐν ἀσφαλεῖ [ ἐστί] Id.IT 762; ἐν εὐμαρεῖ [ ἐστί] Id.Hel. 1227;ἐν ἐλαφρῷ ποιήσασθαι Hdt.3.154
; ἐν ἴσῳ, = ἴσως, ἐν ὁμοίῳ, = ὁμοίως, Th.2.53: less freq. in pl., ἐν ἀργοῖς, = ἀργῶς, S.OT 287; ἐν κενοῖς, = κενῶς, Id.Aj. 971: with a Subst., ἐν δίκᾳ, = δικαίως, opp. παρὰ δίκαν, Pi.O.2.16, cf. S.Tr. 1069, Ar.Eq. 258, Pl.R. 475c, al.; , cf. Pl. Epin. 977b.III OF THE INSTRUMENT, MEANS or MANNER,ἐν πυρὶ πρήσαντες Il.7.429
;δῆσαι ἐνὶ δεσμῷ 5.386
, cf. Od.12.54, etc.; but in most cases the orig. sense may be traced, to put in the fire and burn, infetters and bind, etc.; soἐν πόνοις δαμέντα A.Pr. 425
(lyr.); ἔζευξα πρῶτος ἐν ζυγοῖσι κνώδαλα ib. 462;ἔργον ἐν κύβοις Ἄρης κρινεῖ Id.Th. 414
; also ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν or ἐν ὄμμασιν ὁρᾶσθαι, ἰδέσθαι, to see with or before one's eyes, i.e. have the object in one's eye, Il.3.306, Od.10.385, etc.; ; alsoἐν ὠσὶ νωμῶν ὄρνιθας A.Th.25
; also ἐν λιταῖς by prayers, S.Ph.60; ἐν δόλῳ by deceit, ib. 102; ἐν λόγοις by words, A.Ch. 613 (lyr.);ἀπέκτειναν ἐν τῇ προφάσει ταύτῃ Lys.13.12
, cf. Antipho 5.59;ψαύειν ἐν κερτομίοις γλώσσαις S.Ant. 961
(lyr.); ; esp. with Verbs of showing,σημαίνειν ἐν ἱεροῖς καὶ οἰωνοῖς X.Cyr.8.7.3
; τὰ πραχθέντα.. ἐν.. ἐπιστολαῖς ἴστε ye know by letters, Th.7.11;ἐν τῇδε ῥάβδῳ πάντα ποιήσεις Ezek.Exag. 132
, cf. PMag.Osl.1.108.2 of a personal instrument,ἐν τῷ ἄρχοντι τῶν δαιμονίων ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια Ev.Matt.9.34
.IV OF TIME,ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ Il.16.643
;ἐν νυκτί Hdt.6.69
, X. Smp.1.9;ἐν χρόνῳ μακρῷ S.Ph. 235
, OC88; ἐν τούτῳ (sc. τῷ χρόνῶ) in this space of time, Hdt.1.126, etc.; ἐν ᾧ (sc. χρόνῳ) during the time that, S.Tr. 929, etc. (also );ἐν ὅσῳ Th.3.28
; ἐν ταῖς σπονδαῖς in the time of the truce, X.An.3.1.1;ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ Th.7.73
(but in some phrases the ἐν is omitted, as μυστηρίοις in the course of the mysteries, Ar.Pl. 1013; τραγῳδοῖς at the performance of.., Aeschin.3.36).b ἐν ἄρχοντι Μητροδώρῳ during the archonship of M., IG7.1773 (Thebes, ii A. D.); ἐν ἄρχοντι Σύλλᾳ ib.3.113.2 in, within,ἐν ἡμέρῃ Hdt.1.126
;ἐν ἔτεσι πεντήκοντα Th.1.118
;ἐν τρισὶ μησί X.HG1.1.37
, etc.; μυρίαις ἐν ἁμέραις in, i.e. after, countless days, E.Ph. 305 (lyr.);ἐν ἡμέραις πολλαῖς νοσῆσαι Procop.Arc.9.35
.V OF NUMBERS generally, ἐν δυσὶ σταδίοις within two stadia, D.S.20.74, cf. 19.39, dub. in Th.6.1.2 with gen. of price,ἐν δύο ταλάντων LXX 3 Ki.16.24
.B WITH Acc., into, on, for, Arc.ἰν, νόμος ἰν ἄματα πάντα IG5
(2).5; γράψαι ἐν χάλκωμα ib.511; ἐν πελτοφόρας ἀπεγράψατο ib.7.210 ([place name] Aegosthenae), etc.; also poet.,ἐν πάντα νόμον Pi.P.2.86
.C WITHOUT CASE, AS ADVERB, in the phrase ἐν δέ..,2 and among them, Il.2.588, etc.; in Hdt., mostly ἐν δὲ δή .. 3.39, 5.95; orἐν δὲ καί.. 2.43
, 172, 176.3 and besides, moreover (not in [dialect] Att. Prose), S.Aj. 675, OT 181 (lyr.), al.;ἐν δ' ὑπέρας τε κάλους τε πόδας τ' ἐνέδησεν ἐν αὐτῇ Od.5.260
.4 ἔνι, = ἔνεστι, ἔνεισι, Il.20.248, etc.D POSITION: ἐν freq. stands between its Subst. and the Adj. agreeing therewith, Il.22.61, B.5.41, etc.: without an Adj.,τῷ δ' ἐν ἐρινεός ἐστι μέγας Od.12.103
: most freq. in Hom. in the form ἐνί, which is then written by anastrophe ἔνι, Il.7.221, Od.5.57; in Pi. between Subst. and gen.,χόρτοις ἐν λέοντος O.13.44
, al.--One or more independent words sts. come between the Prep. and its dat., as in Od.11.115; also in Prose, Hdt.6.69.E IN COMPOS.,I with Verbs, the Prep. mostly retains its sense of being in or at a place, etc., c. dat., or folld. by εἰς.. , or ἐν..: in such forms as ἐνορᾶν τινί τι, in translating, we resolve the compd., to remark a thing in one.b also, at a person, ἐγγελᾶν, ἐνυβρίζειν τινί.2 with Adjs., it expressesa a modified degree, as in ἔμπηλος, ἔμπικρος, ἔνσιμος, rather...b the possession of a quality, as in ἔναιμος with blood in it, ἐνάκανθος thorny: ἔμφωνος with a voice: ἔννομος in accordance with law, etc.II ἐν becomes ἐμ- before the labials β μ π φ ψ; ἐγ- before the gutturals γ κ ξ Χ; ἐλ- before λ; ἐρ- before ρ; rarely ἐς- before ς; but Inscrr. and Papyri often preserve ἐν- in all these cases. -
15 βέβαιος
βέβαιος, α, ον (s. the next βεβαι-entries; Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.; ins, pap, rare in LXX, freq. in Philo; Jos., Ant. 13, 187; 14, 398; Just.) gener. relating to stability: ‘firm, permanent’.① of something that can be relied on not to cause disappointment, reliable, in metaph. of an anchor (w. ἀσφαλής) unshifting Hb 6:19 of hope (cp. Dionys. Hal. 6, 51; Plut., Ant. 917 [3, 7]; 4 Macc 17:4) whose realization can be counted on because it does not move, being set down in the ‘holy of holies’. Sim. ἡ ἐλπὶς ἡμῶν βεβαία ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν our hope for you is firm 2 Cor 1:7 (=our expectation [of things to be fulfilled] for you is not misplaced). ἔχομεν βεβαιότερον (for superl.; cp. Stob., Flor. IV 625, 2 βεβαιοτέραν ἔχε τ. φιλίαν πρὸς τ. γονεῖς) τὸν προφητικὸν λόγον we possess the prophetic word as something that is (now) all the more reliable 2 Pt 1:19 (on β. ἔχειν cp. Thu. 1, 32; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 19 §78 ἔχειν τι βέβαιον=have a firm hold on something; UPZ 162 II, 10 [117 B.C.]; s. also Diod S in 2); for other interpretations see comm. Of things revealed reliable (w. ἰσχυρός, τεθεμελιωμένος) Hv 3, 4, 3.② pert. to having continuity or being unwavering and persistent, abiding (ψυχή Did., Gen. 197, 4; of a just pers. TKellis 22, 103 [w. ἁγνός]): of boldness and hope that remain constant, steadfast Hb 3:6 v.l.; of πίστις unwavering (Appian, Liby. 64 §284 πίστις ἐστὶ βέβαιος; Diod S 2, 29, 4 πιστεύοντες βεβαιότερον=accept all the more confidently; Simplicius in Epict. p. 110, 37 πίστις βεβαία=firm faith in the immortality of the soul on the basis of a declaration by a μάντις; Esth 3:13c; 3 Macc 5:31) 1 Cl 1:2. Of love steadfast MPol 1:2. ἀρχὴν τῆς ὑποστάσεως βεβαίαν κατέχειν hold firm the original commitment Hb 3:14. (W. ἀσφαλής) ISm 8:2. ἐπὶ τὸν τῆς πίστεως βέβαιον δρόμον καταντῆσαι steadfastly finish the course of faith 1 Cl 6:2. Of the Corinthian congregation well-established, dependable (Appian, Iber. 37 §150 ἀνὴρ β., Bell. Civ. 2, 13 §47 a servant) 47:6.—ἡ βεβαία τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν ῥίζα dependable root of your faith Pol 1:2 in ref. to constancy in a productive Christian life.③ pert. to having validity over a period of time, in force, valid of a promise that applies to all pers. Ro 4:16; of the eucharist ISm 8:1. ὁ λόγος ἐγένετο βέβαιος (on λόγος β. cp. Pla., Phd. 90c λόγος β. καὶ ἀληθής) the word was in force Hb 2:2 (β. of the Mosaic law as Philo, Mos. 2, 14); a last will and testament valid (opp. οὐκ ἰσχύει ‘lack force’; legal t.t., s. JBehm, Διαθήκη 1912, 87, 4) Hb 9:17. βεβαίαν τὴν κλῆσιν ποιεῖσθαι keep the call in force i.e. confirm it so that it does not lapse (cp. Ael. Aristid. 13 p. 250 D.: βεβ. ἐλευθερία) 2 Pt 1:10; β. εἶναι be in force IRo 3:1 (Ignatius fears that the instructions given by the Romans to others about dying for the faith will not apply to him; he wants them to be consistent).—B. 1237. DELG. M-M. TW. Spicq. -
16 πνεῦμα
πνεῦμα, ατος, τό (πνέω; Aeschyl., Pre-Socr., Hdt.+. On the history of the word s. Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 308ff).① air in movement, blowing, breathing (even the glowing exhalations of a volcanic crater: Diod S 5, 7, 3)ⓐ wind (Aeschyl. et al.; LXX, EpArist, Philo; Jos., Ant. 2, 343; 349; SibOr 8, 297) in wordplay τὸ πνεῦμα πνεῖ the wind blows J 3:8a (EpJer 60 πνεῦμα ἐν πάσῃ χώρᾳ πνεῖ. But s. TDonn, ET 66, ’54f, 32; JThomas, Restoration Qtrly 24, ’81, 219–24). ὀθόνη πλοίου ὑπὸ πνεύματος πληρουμένη MPol 15:2. Of God ὁ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα who makes his angels winds Hb 1:7; 1 Cl 36:3 (both Ps 103:4).ⓑ the breathing out of air, blowing, breath (Aeschyl. et al.; Pla., Tim. 79b; LXX) ὁ ἄνομος, ὅν ὁ κύριος Ἰησοῦς ἀνελεῖ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ 2 Th 2:8 (cp. Is 11:4; Ps 32:6).② that which animates or gives life to the body, breath, (life-)spirit (Aeschyl. et al.; Phoenix of Colophon 1, 16 [Coll. Alex. p. 231] πν.=a breathing entity [in contrast to becoming earth in death]; Polyb. 31, 10, 4; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 4 p. 394b, 8ff; PHib 5, 54 [III B.C.]; PGM 4, 538; 658; 2499; LXX; TestAbr A 17 p. 98, 19 [Stone p. 44] al.; JosAs 19:3; SibOr 4, 46; Tat. 4:2) ἀφιέναι τὸ πνεῦμα give up one’s spirit, breathe one’s last (Eur., Hec. 571; Porphyr., Vi. Plotini 2) Mt 27:50. J says for this παραδιδόναι τὸ πν. 19:3 (cp. ApcMos 31 ἀποδῶ τὸ πν.; Just., D. 105, 5). Of the return of the (life-)spirit of a deceased person into her dead body ἐπέστρεψεν τὸ πν. αὐτῆς Lk 8:55 (cp. Jdg 15:19). εἰς χεῖράς σου παρατίθεμαι τὸ πν. μου into your hands I entrust my spirit 23:46 (Ps 30:6; for alleged focus on ἐλπίζειν s. EBons, BZ 38, ’94, 93–101). κύριε Ἰησοῦ, δέξαι τὸ πνεῦμά μου Ac 7:59; composite of both passages AcPl Ha 10, 23 (cp. ApcMos 42). τὸ πν. μου ὁ δεσπότης δέξεται GJs 23:3 (on the pneuma flying upward after death cp. Epicharm. in Vorsokrat. 23 [=13, 4th ed.], B 9 and 22; Eur., Suppl. 533 πνεῦμα μὲν πρὸς αἰθέρα, τὸ σῶμα δʼ ἐς γῆν; PGM 1, 177ff τελευτήσαντός σου τὸ σῶμα περιστελεῖ, σοῦ δὲ τὸ πνεῦμα … εἰς ἀέρα ἄξει σὺν αὑτῷ ‘when you are dead [the angel] will wrap your body … and take your spirit with him into the sky’). τὸ σῶμα χωρὶς πν. νεκρόν ἐστιν Js 2:26. πν. ζωῆς ἐκ τ. θεοῦ εἰσῆλθεν ἐν αὐτοῖς (i.e. the prophet-witnesses who have been martyred) Rv 11:11 (cp. Ezk 37:10 v.l. εἰσῆλθεν εἰς αὐτοὺς πνεῦμα ζωῆς; vs. 5). Of the spirit that animated the image of a beast, and enabled it to speak and to have Christians put to death 13:15.—After a person’s death, the πν. lives on as an independent being, in heaven πνεύματα δικαὶων τετελειωμένων Hb 12:23 (cp. Da 3:86 εὐλογεῖτε, πνεύματα καὶ ψυχαὶ δικαίων, τὸν κύριον). According to non-biblical sources, the πν. are in the netherworld (cp. En 22:3–13; Sib Or 7, 127) or in the air (PGM 1, 178), where evil spirits can prevent them from ascending higher (s. ἀήρ2b). τοῖς ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν πορευθεὶς ἐκήρυξεν 1 Pt 3:19 belongs here if it refers to Jesus’ preaching to the spirits of the dead confined in Hades (so Usteri et al.; s. also JMcCulloch, The Harrowing of Hell, 1930), whether it be when he descended into Hades, or when he returned to heaven (so RBultmann, Bekenntnis u. Liedfragmente im 1 Pt: ConNeot11, ’47, 1–14).—CClemen, Niedergefahren zu den Toten 1900; JTurmel, La Descente du Christ aux enfers 1905; JMonnier, La Descente aux enfers 1906; HHoltzmann, ARW 11, 1908, 285–97; KGschwind, Die Niederfahrt Christi in die Unterwelt 1911; DPlooij, De Descensus in 1 Pt 3:19 en 4:6: TT 47, 1913, 145–62; JBernard, The Descent into Hades a Christian Baptism (on 1 Pt 3:19ff): Exp. 8th ser., 11, 1916, 241–74; CSchmidt, Gespräche Jesu mit seinen Jüngern: TU 43, 1919, 452ff; JFrings, BZ 17, 1926, 75–88; JKroll, Gott u. Hölle ’32; RGanschinietz, Katabasis: Pauly-W. X/2, 1919, 2359–449; Clemen2 89–96; WBieder, Die Vorstellung v. d. Höllenfahrt Jesu Chr. ’49; SJohnson, JBL 79, ’60, 48–51; WDalton, Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits ’65. S. also the lit. in Windisch, Hdb.2 1930, exc. on 1 Pt 3:20; ESelwyn, The First Ep. of St. Peter ’46 and 4c below.—This is prob. also the place for θανατωθεὶς μὲν σαρκὶ ζωοποιηθεὶς δὲ πνεύματι• ἐν ᾧ καὶ … 1 Pt 3:18f (some mss. read πνεύματι instead of πνεύμασιν in vs. 19, evidently in ref. to the manner of Jesus’ movement; πνεῦμα is that part of Christ which, in contrast to σάρξ, did not pass away in death, but survived as an individual entity after death; s. ἐν 7). Likew. the contrast κατὰ σάρκα … κατὰ πνεῦμα Ro 1:3f. Cp. 1 Ti 3:16.③ a part of human personality, spiritⓐ when used with σάρξ, the flesh, it denotes the immaterial part 2 Cor 7:1; Col 2:5. Flesh and spirit=the whole personality, in its outer and inner aspects, oft. in Ign.: IMg 1:2; 13:1a; ITr ins; 12:1; IRo ins; ISm 1:1; IPol 5:1; AcPl Ant 13, 18 (=Aa I 237, 3).—In the same sense beside σῶμα, the body (Simplicius, In Epict. p. 50, 1; Ps.-Phoc. 106f; PGM 1, 178) 1 Cor 5:3–5; 7:34.—The inner life of humans is divided into ψυχὴ καὶ πνεῦμα (cp. Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 10 p. 370c τὶ θεῖον ὄντως ἐνῆν πνεῦμα τῇ ψυχῇ=a divine spirit was actually in the soul; Wsd 15:11; Jos., Ant. 1, 34; Tat. 13, 2; 15, 1 et al.; Ath. 27, 1. S. also Herm. Wr. 10, 13; 16f; PGM 4, 627; 630. ἐκ τριῶν συνεστάναι λέγουσι τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐκ ψυχῆς καὶ σώματος καὶ πνεύματος Did., Gen. 55, 14) Hb 4:12. Cp. Phil 1:27. τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ τὸ σῶμα 1 Th 5:23 (s. GMilligan, Thess. 1908, 78f; EvDobschütz in Meyer X7 1909, 230ff; EBurton, Spirit, Soul, and Flesh 1918; AFestugière, La Trichotomie des 1 Th 5:23 et la Philos. gr.: RSR 20, 1930, 385–415; CMasson, RTP 33, ’45, 97–102; FGrant, An Introd. to NT Thought ’50, 161–66). σαρκί, ψυχῇ, πνεύματι IPhld 11:2.ⓑ as the source and seat of insight, feeling, and will, gener. as the representative part of human inner life (cp. PGM 4, 627; 3 Km 20:5; Sir 9:9 al.; Just., D. 30, 1; Did., Gen. 232, 5) ἐπιγνοὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῷ πν. αὐτοῦ Mk 2:8. ἀναστενάξας τῷ πν. αὐτοῦ λέγει 8:12 (s. ἀναστενάζω). ἠγαλλίασεν τὸ πν. μου Lk 1:47 (in parallelism w. ψυχή vs. 46, as Sir 9:9). ἠγαλλιάσατο τῷ πν. 10:21 v.l., Ἰησοῦς ἐνεβριμήσατο τῷ πν. J 11:33 (s. ἐμβριμάομαι 3); Ἰης. ἐταράχθη τῷ πν. 13:21. παρωξύνετο τὸ πν. αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ Ac 17:16; ζέων τῷ πν. with spirit-fervor 18:25 (s. ζέω). τὸ παιδίον ἐκραταιοῦτο πνεύματι Lk 1:80; 2:40 v.l.; ἔθετο ὁ Παῦλος ἐν τῷ πν. Paul made up his mind Ac 19:21 (some would put this pass. in 6c, but cp. Lk 1:66 and analogous formulations Hom. et al. in L-S-J-M s.v. τίθημι A6). προσκυνήσουσιν τῷ πατρὶ ἐν πνεύματι of the spiritual, i.e. the pure, inner worship of God, that has nothing to do w. holy times, places, appurtenances, or ceremonies J 4:23; cp. vs. 24b. πν. συντετριμμένον (Ps 50:19) 1 Cl 18:17; 52:4.—2 Cl 20:4; Hv 3, 12, 2; 3, 13, 2.—This usage is also found in Paul. His conviction (s. 5 below) that the Christian possesses the (divine) πνεῦμα and thus is different fr. all other people, leads him to choose this word in preference to others, in order to characterize a believer’s inner being gener. ᾧ λατρεύω ἐν τῷ πν. μου Ro 1:9. οὐκ ἔσχηκα ἄνεσιν τῷ πν. μου 2 Cor 2:13. Cp. 7:13. As a matter of fact, it can mean simply a person’s very self or ego: τὸ πνεῦμα συμμαρτυρεῖ τῷ πνεύματι ἡμῶν the Spirit (of God) bears witness to our very self Ro 8:16 (cp. PGM 12, 327 ἠκούσθη μου τὸ πνεῦμα ὑπὸ πνεύματος οὐρανοῦ). ἀνέπαυσαν τὸ ἐμὸν πν. καὶ τὸ ὑμῶν they have refreshed both me and you 1 Cor 16:18. ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰ. Χρ. μετά τοῦ πν. (ὑμῶν) Gal 6:18; Phil 4:23; Phlm 25. Cp. 2 Ti 4:22. Likew. in Ign. τὸ ἐμὸν πν. my (unworthy) self IEph 18:1; IRo 9:3; cp. 1 Cor 2:11a—On the relation of the divine Spirit to the believer’s spiritual self, s. SWollenweider, Der Geist Gottes als Selbst der Glaubenden: ZTK 93, ’96, 163–92.—Only a part of the inner life, i.e. that which concerns the will, is meant in τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον, ἡ δὲ σὰρξ ἀσθενής Mt 26:41; Mk 14:38; Pol 7:2. That which is inferior, anxiety, fear of suffering, etc. is attributed to the σάρξ.—The mng. of the expr. οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι Mt 5:3 is difficult to determine w. certainty (cp. Pla., Ep. 7, 335a πένης ἀνὴρ τὴν ψυχήν. The dat. as τῇ ψυχῇ M. Ant. 6, 52; 8, 51). The sense is prob. those who are poor in their inner life, because they do not have a misdirected pride in their own spiritual riches (s. AKlöpper, Über den Sinn u. die ursprgl. Form der ersten Seligpreisung der Bergpredigt bei Mt: ZWT 37, 1894, 175–91; RKabisch, Die erste Seligpreisung: StKr 69, 1896, 195–215; KKöhler, Die ursprgl. Form der Seligpreisungen: StKr 91, 1918, 157–92; JBoehmer, De Schatkamer 17, 1923, 11–16, TT [Copenhagen] 4, 1924, 195–207, JBL 45, 1926, 298–304; WMacgregor, ET 39, 1928, 293–97; VMacchioro, JR 12, ’32, 40–49; EEvans, Theology 47, ’44, 55–60; HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 134ff; Betz, SM 116 n. 178 for Qumran reff.).ⓒ spiritual state, state of mind, disposition ἐν ἀγάπῃ πνεύματί τε πραΰτητος with love and a gentle spirit 1 Cor 4:21; cp. Gal 6:1. τὸ πν. τοῦ νοὸς ὑμῶν Eph 4:23 (s. νοῦς 2a). ἐν τῷ ἀφθάρτῳ τοῦ ἡσυχίου πνεύματος with the imperishable (gift) of a quiet disposition 1 Pt 3:4.④ an independent noncorporeal being, in contrast to a being that can be perceived by the physical senses, spirit (ELangton, Good and Evil Spirits ’42).ⓐ God personally: πνεῦμα ὁ θεός J 4:24a (Ath. 16, 2; on God as a spirit, esp. in the Stoa, s. MPohlenz, D. Stoa ’48/49. Hdb. ad loc. Also Celsus 6, 71 [Stoic]; Herm. Wr. 18, 3 ἀκάματον μέν ἐστι πνεῦμα ὁ θεός).ⓑ good, or at least not expressly evil spirits or spirit-beings (cp. CIG III, 5858b δαίμονες καὶ πνεύματα; Proclus on Pla., Cratyl. p. 69, 6; 12 Pasqu.; En 15:4; 6; 8; 10; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 15f [Stone p. 10, 15f] πάντα τὰ ἐπουράνια πνεύματα; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 26 [Stone p. 82] ὑψηλὸν πν.; PGM 3, 8 ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε, ἱερὸν πνεῦμα; 4, 1448; 3080; 12, 249) πνεῦμα w. ἄγγελος (cp. Jos., Ant. 4, 108; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 3, 33; 8, 12) Ac 23:8f. God is ὁ παντὸς πνεύματος κτίστης καὶ ἐπίσκοπος 1 Cl 59:3b.—Pl., God the μόνος εὐεργέτης πνεύματων 1 Cl 59:3a. Cp. 64 (s. on this Num 16:22; 27:16. Prayers for vengeance fr. Rheneia [Dssm., LO 351–55=LAE 423ff=SIG 1181, 2] τὸν θεὸν τὸν κύριον τῶν πνευμάτων; PGM 5, 467 θεὸς θεῶν, ὁ κύριος τῶν πν.; sim. the magic pap PWarr 21, 24; 26 [III A.D.]); the πατὴρ τῶν πνευμάτων Hb 12:9. Intermediary beings (in polytheistic terminology: δαίμονες) that serve God are called λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα Hb 1:14. In Rv we read of the ἑπτὰ πνεύματα (τοῦ θεοῦ) 1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6; s. ASkrinjar, Biblica 16, ’35, 1–24; 113–40.— Ghost Lk 24:37, 39.ⓒ evil spirits (PGM 13, 798; 36, 160; TestJob 27, 2; ApcSed [both Satan]; AscIs 3:28; Just., D. 39, 6 al.; Ath. 25, 3), esp. in accounts of healing in the Synoptics: (τὸ) πνεῦμα (τὸ) ἀκάθαρτον (Just., D. 82, 3) Mt 12:43; Mk 1:23, 26; 3:30; 5:2, 8; 7:25; 9:25a; Lk 8:29; 9:42; 11:24; Rv 18:2. Pl. (TestBenj 5:2) Mt 10:1; Mk 1:27; 3:11; 5:13; 6:7; Lk 4:36; 6:18; Ac 5:16; 8:7; Rv 16:13; ending of Mk in the Freer ms.—τὸ πν. τὸ πονηρόν Ac 19:15f. Pl. (En 99:7; TestSim 4:9; 6:6, TestJud 16:1; Just., D. 76, 6) Lk 7:21; 8:2; Ac 19:12f.—πν. ἄλαλον Mk 9:17; cp. vs. 25b (s. ἄλαλος). πν. πύθων Ac 16:16 (s. πύθων). πν. ἀσθενείας Lk 13:11. Cp. 1 Ti 4:1b. πνεῦμα δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου (s. δαιμόνιον 2) Lk 4:33. πνεύματα δαιμονίων Rv 16:14 (in effect = personified ‘exhalations’ of evil powers; for the combination of πν. and δαιμ. cp. the love spell Sb 4324, 16f τὰ πνεύματα τῶν δαιμόνων τούτων).—Abs. of a harmful spirit Mk 9:20; Lk 9:39; Ac 16:18. Pl. Mt 8:16; 12:45; Lk 10:20; 11:26.—1 Pt 3:19 (s. 2 above) belongs here if the πνεύματα refer to hostile spirit-powers, evil spirits, fallen angels (so FSpitta, Christi Predigt an die Geister 1890; HGunkel, Zum religionsgesch. Verständnis des NT 1903, 72f; WBousset, ZNW 19, 1920, 50–66; Rtzst., Herr der Grösse 1919, 25ff; Knopf, Windisch, FHauck ad loc.; BReicke, The Disobedient Spirits and Christian Baptism ’46, esp. 54–56, 69).—Hermas also has the concept of evil spirits that lead an independent existence, and live and reign within the inner life of a pers.; the Holy Spirit, who also lives or would like to live there, is forced out by them (cp. TestDan 4) Hm 5, 1, 2–4; 5, 2, 5–8; 10, 1, 2. τὸ πν. τὸ ἅγιον … ἕτερον πονηρὸν πν. 5, 1, 2. These πνεύματα are ὀξυχολία 5, 1, 3; 5, 2, 8 (τὸ πονηρότατον πν.); 10, 1, 2; διψυχία 9:11 (ἐπίγειον πν. ἐστι παρὰ τοῦ διαβόλου); 10, 1, 2; λύπη 10, 1, 2 (πάντων τῶν πνευμάτων πονηροτέρα) and other vices. On the complicated pneuma-concept of the Mandates of Hermas s. MDibelius, Hdb. exc. on Hm 5, 2, 7; cp. Leutzsch, Hermas 453f n. 133.⑤ God’s being as controlling influence, with focus on association with humans, Spirit, spirit as that which differentiates God fr. everything that is not God, as the divine power that produces all divine existence, as the divine element in which all divine life is carried on, as the bearer of every application of the divine will. All those who belong to God possess or receive this spirit and hence have a share in God’s life. This spirit also serves to distinguish Christians fr. all unbelievers (cp. PGM 4, 1121ff, where the spirit is greeted as one who enters devotees and, in accordance w. God’s will, separates them fr. themselves, i.e. fr. the purely human part of their nature); for this latter aspect s. esp. 6 below.ⓐ the Spirit of God, of the Lord (=God) etc. (LXX; TestSim 4:4; JosAs 8:11; ApcSed 14:6; 15:6; ApcMos 43; SibOr 3, 701; Ps.-Phoc. 106; Philo; Joseph. [s. c below]; apolog. Cp. Plut., Numa 4, 6 πνεῦμα θεοῦ, capable of begetting children; s. παρθένος a) τὸ πν. τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:11b, 14; 3:16; 6:11; 1J 4:2a (Just., D. 49, 3; Tat. 13, 3; Ath. 22, 3). τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ πν. 1 Pt 4:14 (Just., A I, 60, 6). τὸ πν. τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:12b. τὸ πν. κυρίου Ac 5:9; B 6:14; B 9:2 (cp. Mel., P. 32, 222). τὸ πνεῦμά μου or αὐτοῦ: Mt 12:18 (Is 42:1); Ac 2:17f (Jo 3:1f.—Cp. 1QS 4:21); 1 Cor 2:10a v.l.; Eph 3:16; 1 Th 4:8 (where τὸ ἅγιον is added); 1J 4:13.—τὸ πν. τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν Mt 10:20. τὸ πν. τοῦ ἐγείραντος τὸν Ἰησοῦν Ro 8:11a.—Without the art. πν. θεοῦ (JosAs 4:9; Tat. 15:3; Theoph. Ant. 1, 5 [p. 66, 18]) the Spirit of God Mt 3:16; 12:28; Ro 8:9b, 14, 19; 1 Cor 7:40; 12:3a; 2 Cor 3:3 (πν. θεοῦ ζῶντος); Phil 3:3. πν. κυρίου Lk 4:18 (Is 61:1); Ac 8:39 (like J 3:8; 20:22; Ac 2:4, this pass. belongs on the borderline betw. the mngs. ‘wind’ and ‘spirit’; cp. Diod S 3, 60, 3 Ἕσπερον ἐξαίφνης ὑπὸ πνευμάτων συναρπαγέντα μεγάλων ἄφαντον γενέσθαι ‘Hesperus [a son of Atlas] was suddenly snatched by strong winds and vanished fr. sight’. S. HLeisegang, Der Hl. Geist I 1, 1919, 19ff; OCullmann, TZ. 4, ’48, 364); 1 Cl 21:2.ⓑ the Spirit of Christ, of the Lord (=Christ) etc. τὸ πν. Ἰησοῦ Ac 16:7. τὸ πν. Χριστοῦ AcPlCor 2:32. τὸ ἐν αὐτοῖς πν. Χριστοῦ 1 Pt 1:11. πν. Χριστοῦ Ro 8:9c. πν. τοῦ Χριστοῦ AcPl Ha 8, 18. ἀπὸ τοῦ πν. τοῦ χριστοῦ AcPlCor 2:10. τὸ πν. Ἰης. Χριστοῦ Phil 1:19. τὸ πν. κυρίου 2 Cor 3:17b (JHermann, Kyrios und Pneuma, ’61). τὸ πν. τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ (=θεοῦ) Gal 4:6. As possessor of the divine Spirit, and at the same time controlling its distribution among humans, Christ is called κύριος πνεύματος Lord of the Spirit 2 Cor 3:18 (s. Windisch ad loc.); but many prefer to transl. from the Lord who is the Spirit.—CMoule, OCullmann Festschr., ’72, 231–37.ⓒ Because of its heavenly origin and nature this Spirit is called (the) Holy Spirit (cp. PGM 4, 510 ἵνα πνεύσῃ ἐν ἐμοὶ τὸ ἱερὸν πνεῦμα.—Neither Philo nor Josephus called the Spirit πν. ἅγιον; the former used θεῖον or θεοῦ πν., the latter πν. θεῖον: Ant. 4, 118; 8, 408; 10, 239; but ἅγιον πνεῦμα Orig. C. Cels 1, 40, 16).α. w. the art. τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον (Is 63:10f; Ps 50:13; 142:10 v.l.; cp. Sus 45 Theod.; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 10 [Stone p. 10]; JosAs 8:11 [codd. ADE]; AscIs 3, 15, 26; Just., D. 36, 6 al.) Mt 12:32 = Mk 3:29 = Lk 12:10 (τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα; on the ‘sin against the Holy Spirit’ s. HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 96–112; AFridrichsen, Le péché contre le Saint-Esprit: RHPR 3, 1923, 367–72). Mk 12:36; 13:11; Lk 2:26; 3:22; 10:21; J 14:26; Ac 1:16; 2:33; 5:3, 32; 7:51; 8:18 v.l.; 10:44, 47; 11:15; 13:2; 15:8, 28; 19:6; 20:23, 28; 21:11; 28:25; Eph 1:13 (τὸ πν. τῆς ἐπαγγελίας τὸ ἅγιον); 4:30 (τὸ πν. τὸ ἅγιον τοῦ θεοῦ); Hb 3:7; 9:8; 10:15; 1 Cl 13:1; 16:2; 18:11 (Ps 50:13); 22:1; IEph 9:1; Hs 5, 5, 2; 5, 6, 5–7 (on the relationship of the Holy Spirit to the Son in Hermas s. ALink, Christi Person u. Werk im Hirten des Hermas 1886; JvWalter, ZNW 14, 1913, 133–44; MDibelius, Hdb. exc. following Hs 5, 6, 8 p. 572–76).—τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα (Wsd 9:17; OdeSol 11:2; TestJob 51:2; ApcEsdr 7:16; Just. D. 25, 1 al.) Mt 28:19; Lk 12:10 (s. above), 12; Ac 1:8; 2:38 (epexegetic gen.); 4:31; 9:31; 10:45; 13:4; 16:6; 1 Cor 6:19; 2 Cor 13:13; 1J 5:7 v.l. (on the Comma Johanneum s. λόγο 3); GJs 24:4 (s. χρηματίζω 1bα). As the mother of Jesus GHb 20, 61 (HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 64ff; SHirsch, D. Vorstellg. v. e. weibl. πνεῦμα ἅγ. im NT u. in d. ältesten christl. Lit. 1927. Also WBousset, Hauptprobleme der Gnosis 1907, 9ff).β. without the art. (s. B-D-F §257, 2; Rob. 761; 795) πνεῦμα ἅγιον (PGM 3, 289; Da 5:12 LXX; PsSol 17:37; AssMos Fgm. b; Just., D. 4, 1 al.; Ath. 24, 1. S. also Da Theod. 4:8, 9, 18 θεοῦ πνεῦμα ἅγιον or πνεῦμα θεοῦ ἅγιον) Mk 1:8; Lk 1:15, 35, 41, 67; 2:25; 4:1; 11:13; J 20:22 (Cassien, La pentecôte johannique [J 20:19–23] ’39.—See also 1QS 4:20f); Ac 2:4a; 4:8; 7:55; 8:15, 17, 19; 9:17; 10:38; 11:24; 13:9; 19:2ab; Hb 2:4; 6:4; 1 Pt 1:12 v.l.; 1 Cl 2:2; AcPl 6:18; 9:4 (restored after Aa I 110, 11); AcPlCor 2:5.—So oft. in combination w. a prep.: διὰ πνεύματος ἁγίου Ac 1:2; 4:25; Ro 5:5; 2 Ti 1:14; 1 Cl 8:1 (cp. διὰ πν. αἰωνίου Hb 9:14). διὰ φωνῆς πν. ἁγίου AcPl Ha 11, 6. ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου (Eus., PE 3, 12, 3 of the Egyptians: ἐκ τ. πνεύματος οἴονται συλλαμβάνειν τὸν γῦπα. Here πνεῦμα= ‘wind’; s. Horapollo 1, 11 p. 14f. The same of other birds since Aristot.—On the neut. πνεῦμα as a masc. principle cp. Aristoxenus, Fgm. 13 of the two original principles: πατέρα μὲν φῶς, μητέρα δὲ σκότος) Mt 1:18, 20; IEph 18:2; GJs 14:2; 19:1 (pap). ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ (PsSol 17:37; ApcZeph; Ar. 15, 1) Mt 3:11; Mk 1:8 v.l.; Lk 3:16; J 1:33b; Ac 1:5 (cp. 1QS 3:7f); 11:16; Ro 9:1; 14:17; 15:16; 1 Cor 12:3b; 2 Cor 6:6; 1 Th 1:5; 1 Pt 1:12 (without ἐν v.l.); Jd 20. ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου 2 Pt 1:21. Cp. ἐν δυνάμει πνεύματος ἁγίου Ro 15:13, 19 v.l. (for πνεύματος θεοῦ). μετὰ χαρᾶς πνεύματος ἁγίου 1 Th 1:6. διὰ ἀνακαινώσεως πνεύματος ἁγίου Tit 3:5.ⓓ abs.α. w. the art. τὸ πνεῦμα. In this connection the art. is perh. used anaphorically at times, w. the second mention of a word (s. B-D-F §252; Rob. 762); perh. Mt 12:31 (looking back to vs. 28 πν. θεοῦ); Mk 1:10, 12 (cp. vs. 8 πν. ἅγιον); Lk 4:1b, 14 (cp. vs. 1a); Ac 2:4b (cp. vs. 4a).—As a rule it is not possible to assume that anaphora is present: Mt 4:1; J 1:32, 33a; 3:6a, 8b (in wordplay), 34; 7:39a; Ac 8:29; 10:19; 11:12, 28; 19:1 D; 20:3 D, 22; 21:4; Ro 8:23 (ἀπαρχή 1bβ; 2), 26a, 27; 12:11; 15:30; 2 Cor 1:22 and 5:5 (KErlemann, ZNW 83, ’92, 202–23, and s. ἀρραβών); 12:18 (τῷ αὐτῷ πν.); Gal 3:2, 5, 14 (ἐπαγγελία 1bβ); Eph 4:3 (gen. of the author); 6:17 (perh. epexegetic gen.); 1 Ti 4:1a; Js 4:5; 1J 3:24; 5:6ab (some mss. add καὶ πνεύματος to the words διʼ ὕδατος κ. αἵματος at the beg. of the verse; this is approved by HvSoden, Moffatt, Vogels, Merk, and w. reservations by CDodd, The Joh. Epistles ’46, TManson, JTS 48, ’47, 25–33), vs. 8; Rv 2:7, 11, 17, 29; 3:6, 13, 22; 14:13; 22:17; B 19:2, B 7= D 4:10 (s. ἐτοιμάζω b). ἐν τῷ πνεύματι (led) by the Spirit Lk 2:27.—Paul links this Spirit of God, known to every Christian, with Christ as liberating agent in contrast to legal constraint ὁ κύριος τὸ πνεῦμα ἐστιν the Lord means Spirit 2 Cor 3:17a (UHolzmeister, 2 Cor 3:17 Dominus autem Spiritus est 1908; JNisius, Zur Erklärung v. 2 Cor 3:16ff: ZKT 40, 1916, 617–75; JKögel, Ὁ κύριος τὸ πνεῦμά ἐστιν: ASchlatter Festschr. 1922, 35–46; C Guignebert, Congr. d’Hist. du Christ. II 1928, 7–22; EFuchs, Christus u. d. Geist b. Pls ’32; HHughes, ET 45, ’34, 235f; CLattey, Verb. Dom. 20, ’40, 187–89; DGriffiths ET 55, ’43, 81–83; HIngo, Kyrios und Pneuma, ’61 [Paul]; JDunn, JTS 21, ’70, 309–20).β. without the art. πνεῦμα B 1:3. κοινωνία πνεύματος Phil 2:1 (κοινωνία 1 and 2). πνεύματι in the Spirit or through the Spirit Gal 3:3; 5:5, 16, 18; 1 Pt 4:6. εἰ ζῶμεν πνεύματι, πνεύματι καὶ στοιχῶμεν if we live by the Spirit, let us also walk by the Spirit Gal 5:25. Freq. used w. a prep.: διὰ πνεύματος 1 Pt 1:22 v.l. ἐξ (ὕδατος καὶ) πνεύματος J 3:5. ἐν πνεύματι in, by, through the Spirit Mt 22:43; Eph 2:22; 3:5; 5:18; 6:18; Col 1:8 (ἀγάπη ἐν πνεύματι love called forth by the Spirit); B 9:7. κατὰ πνεῦμα Ro 8:4f; Gal 4:29. ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος 2 Th 2:13; 1 Pt 1:2 (s. ἁγιασμός).—In neg. expressions: οὔπω ἧν πνεῦμα the Spirit had not yet come J 7:39b. ψυχικοὶ πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες worldly people, who do not have the Spirit Jd 19.—ἓν πνεῦμα one and the same Spirit 1 Cor 12:13; Eph 2:18; 4:4; one (in) Spirit 1 Cor 6:17.ⓔ The Spirit is more closely defined by a gen. of thing: τὸ πν. τῆς ἀληθείας (TestJud 20:5) J 14:17; 15:26; 16:13 (in these three places the Spirit of Truth is the Paraclete promised by Jesus upon his departure); 1J 4:6 (opp. τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πλάνης, as TestJud 20:1; PsSol 8:14 πλ. πλανήσεως; Just., D. 7, 3 πλάνου καὶ ἀκαθάρτου πνεύματος; cp. 1QS 4:23); τὸ τῆς δόξης πν. 1 Pt 4:14. τὸ πν. τῆς ζωῆς the Spirit of life Ro 8:2. το πν. τῆς πίστεως 2 Cor 4:13. πν. σοφίας καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως Eph 1:17 (cp. Just., D. 87, 4). πν. υἱοθεσίας Ro 8:15b (opp. πν. δουλείας vs. 15a). πν. δυνάμεως AcPl Ha 8, 25. πν. δυνάμεως καὶ ἀγάπης καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ 2 Ti 1:7 (opp. πν. δειλίας). τὸ πν. τῆς χάριτος (s. TestJud 24:2) Hb 10:29 (Zech 12:10); cp. 1 Cl 46:6.ⓕ Of Christ ‘it is written’ in Scripture: (ἐγένετο) ὁ ἔσχατος Ἀδὰμ εἰς πνεῦμα ζῳοποιοῦν 1 Cor 15:45. The scripture pass. upon which the first part of this verse is based is Gen 2:7, where Wsd 15:11 also substitutes the words πνεῦμα ζωτικόν for πνοὴν ζωῆς (cp. Just., D. 6, 2). On the other hand, s. Philo, Leg. All. 1, 42 and s. the lit. s.v. Ἀδάμ ad loc.ⓖ The (divine) Pneuma stands in contrast to everything that characterizes this age or the finite world gener.: οὐ τὸ πν. τοῦ κόσμου ἀλλὰ τὸ πν. τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:12; cp. Eph 2:2 and 1 Ti 4:1ab.α. in contrast to σάρξ, which is more closely connected w. sin than any other earthly material (Just., D. 135, 6): J 3:6; Ro 8:4–6, 9a, 13; Gal 3:3; 5:17ab; 6:8. Cp. B 10:9. πᾶσα ἐπιθυμία κατὰ τοῦ πνεύματος στρατεύεται Pol 5:3.β. in contrast to σῶμα (=σάρξ) Ro 8:10 and to σάρξ (=σῶμα, as many hold) J 6:63a (for τὸ πν. ἐστιν τὸ ζῳοποιοῦν cp. Philo, Op. Mund. 30; Herm. Wr. in Cyrill., C. Jul. I 556c=542, 24 Sc. the pneuma τὰ πάντα ζῳοποιεῖ καὶ τρέφει. S. also f above). Cp. Ro 8:11b.γ. in contrast to γράμμα, which is the characteristic quality of God’s older declaration of the divine will in the law: Ro 2:29; 7:6; 2 Cor 3:6ab, 8 (cp. vs. 7).δ. in contrast to the wisdom of humans 1 Cor 2:13.⑥ the Spirit of God as exhibited in the character or activity of God’s people or selected agents, Spirit, spirit (s. HPreisker, Geist u. Leben ’33).ⓐ πνεῦμα is accompanied by another noun, which characterizes the working of the Spirit more definitely: πνεῦμα καὶ δύναμις spirit and power Lk 1:17; 1 Cor 2:4. Cp. Ac 10:38; 1 Th 1:5. πνεῦμα καὶ ζωή J 6:63b. πνεῦμα κ. σοφία Ac 6:3; cp. vs. 10 (cp. TestReub 2:6 πνεῦμα λαλίας). πίστις κ. πνεῦμα ἅγιον 6:5 (cp. Just., D. 135, 6). χαρὰ καὶ πνεῦμα ἅγ. 13:52.ⓑ Unless frustrated by humans in their natural condition, the Spirit of God produces a spiritual type of conduct Gal 5:16, 25 and produces the καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος vs. 22 (s. Vögtle under πλεονεξία).ⓒ The Spirit inspires certain people of God B 12:2; B 13:5, above all, in their capacity as proclaimers of a divine revelation (Strabo 9, 3, 5 the πνεῦμα ἐνθουσιαστικόν, that inspired the Pythia; Περὶ ὕψους 13, 2; 33, 5 of the divine πν. that impels prophets and poets to express themselves; schol. on Pla. 856e of a μάντις: ἄνωθεν λαμβάνειν τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ πληροῦσθαι τοῦ θεοῦ; Aristobulus in Eus., PE 8, 10, 4 [=Fgm. 2, 4 p. 136 Holladay] τὸ θεῖον πν., καθʼ ὸ̔ καὶ προφήτης ἀνακεκήρυκται ‘[Moses possessed] the Divine Spirit with the result that he was proclaimed a prophet’; AscIs 1:7 τὸ πν. τὸ λαλοῦν ἐν ἐμοί; AssMos Fgm. f εἶδεν πνεύματι ἐπαρθείς; Just., A I, 38, 1 al.; Ath. 10, 3 τὸ προφητικὸν πν. Cp. Marinus, Vi. Procli 23 of Proclus: οὐ γὰρ ἄνευ θείας ἐπινοίας … διαλέγεσθαι; Orig., C. Cels. 3, 28, 23). προφητεία came into being only as ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου φερόμενοι ἐλάλησαν ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἄνθρωποι 2 Pt 1:21; cp. Ac 15:29 v.l.; cp. 1 Cl 8:1. David Mt 22:43; Mk 12:36; cp. Ac 1:16; 4:25. Isaiah Ac 28:25. Moses B 10:2, B 9; the Spirit was also active in giving the tables of the law to Moses 14:2. Christ himself spoke in the OT διὰ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου 1 Cl 22:1. The ἱεραὶ γραφαί are called αἱ διὰ τοῦ πν. τοῦ ἁγίου 45:2.—The Christian prophet Agabus also ἐσήμαινεν διὰ τοῦ πν. Ac 11:28; cp. Ac 21:11. Likew. Ign. IPhld 7:2. In general the Spirit reveals the most profound secrets to those who believe 1 Cor 2:10ab.—1 Cl claims to be written διὰ τοῦ ἁγ. πν. 63:2. On Ac 19:21 s. 3b.ⓓ The Spirit of God, being one, shows the variety and richness of its life in the different kinds of spiritual gifts which are granted to certain Christians 1 Cor 12:4, 7, 11; cp. vs. 13ab.—Vss. 8–10 enumerate the individual gifts of the Spirit, using various prepositions: διὰ τοὺ πν. vs. 8a; κατὰ τὸ πν. vs. 8b; ἐν τῷ πν. vs. 9ab. τὸ πν. μὴ σβέννυτε do not quench the Spirit 1 Th 5:19 refers to the gift of prophecy, acc. to vs. 20.—The use of the pl. πνεύματα is explained in 1 Cor 14:12 by the varied nature of the Spirit’s working; in vs. 32 by the number of persons who possess the prophetic spirit; on the latter s. Rv 22:6 and 19:10.ⓔ One special type of spiritual gift is represented by ecstatic speaking. Of those who ‘speak in tongues’ that no earthly person can understand: πνεύματι λαλεῖ μυστήρια expresses secret things in a spiritual way 1 Cor 14:2. Cp. vss. 14–16 and s. νοῦς 1b. τὸ πνεῦμα ὑπερεντυγχάνει στεναγμοῖς ἀλαλήτοις the Spirit pleads in our behalf with groans beyond words Ro 8:26b. Of speech that is ecstatic, but expressed in words that can be understood λαλεῖν ἐν πνεύματι D 11:7, 8; cp. vs. 9 (on the subject-matter 1 Cor 12:3; Jos., Ant. 4, 118f; TestJob 43:2 ἀναλαβὼν Ἐλιφᾶς πν. εἶπεν ὕμνον). Of the state of mind of the seer of the Apocalypse: ἐν πνεύματι Rv 17:3; 21:10; γενέσθαι ἐν πν. 1:10; 4:2 (s. γίνομαι 5c, ἐν 4c and EMoering, StKr 92, 1920, 148–54; RJeske, NTS 31, ’85, 452–66); AcPl Ha 6, 27. On the Spirit at Pentecost Ac 2:4 s. KLake: Beginn. I 5, ’33, 111–21. κατασταλέντος τοῦ πν. τοῦ ἐν Μύρτῃ when the Spirit (of prophecy) that was in Myrta ceased speaking AcPl Ha 7, 9.ⓕ The Spirit leads and directs Christian missionaries in their journeys (Aelian, NA 11, 16 the young women are led blindfolded to the cave of the holy serpent; they are guided by a πνεῦμα θεῖον) Ac 16:6, 7 (by dreams, among other methods; cp. vs. 9f and s. Marinus, Vi. Procli 27: Proclus ἔφασκεν προθυμηθῆναι μὲν πολλάκις γράψαι, κωλυθῆναι δὲ ἐναργῶς ἔκ τινων ἐνυπνίων). In Ac 16:6–7 τὸ ἅγιον πν. and τὸ πν. Ἰησοῦ are distinguished.⑦ an activating spirit that is not fr. God, spirit: πν. ἔτερον a different (kind of) spirit 2 Cor 11:4. Cp. 2 Th 2:2; 1J 4:1–3. Because there are persons activated by such spirits, it is necessary to test the var. kinds of spirits (the same problem Artem. 3, 20 περὶ διαφορᾶς μάντεων, οἷς δεῖ προσέχειν καὶ οἷς μή) 1 Cor 12:10; 1J 4:1b. ὁ διάβολος πληροῖ αὐτὸν αὐτοῦ πν. Hm 11:3. Also οὐκ οἴδατε ποίου πνεύματός ἐστε Lk 9:55 v.l. distinguishes betw. the spirit shown by Jesus’ disciples, and another kind of spirit.—Even more rarely a spirit divinely given that is not God’s own; so (in a quot. fr. Is 29:10) a πνεῦμα κατανύξεως Ro 11:8.⑧ an independent transcendent personality, the Spirit, which appears in formulas that became more and more fixed and distinct (cp. Ath. 12, 2; Hippol., Ref. 7, 26, 2.—Ps.-Lucian, Philopatr. 12 θεόν, υἱόν πατρός, πνεῦμα ἐκ πατρὸς ἐκπορευόμενον ἓν ἐκ τριῶν καὶ ἐξ ἑνὸς τρία, ταῦτα νόμιζε Ζῆνα, τόνδʼ ἡγοῦ θεόν=‘God, son of the father, spirit proceeding from the father, one from three and three from one, consider these as Zeus, think of this one as God’. The entire context bears a Christian impress.—As Aion in gnostic speculation Iren. 1, 2, 5 [Harv. I 21, 2]): βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος Mt 28:19 (on the text s. βαπτίζω 2c; on the subject-matter GWalther, Die Entstehung des Taufsymbols aus dem Taufritus: StKr 95, 1924, 256ff); D 7:1, 3. Cp. 2 Cor 13:13; 1 Cl 58:2; IEph 9:1; IMg 13:1b, 2; MPol 14:3; 22:1, 3; Epil Mosq 5. On this s. HUsener, Dreiheit: RhM 58, 1903, 1ff; 161ff; 321ff; esp. 36ff; EvDobschütz, Zwei-u. dreigliedrige Formeln: JBL 50, ’31, 116–47 (also Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 92–100); Norden, Agn. Th. 228ff; JMainz, Die Bed. der Dreizahl im Judentum 1922; Clemen2 125–28; NSöderblom, Vater, Sohn u. Geist 1909; DNielsen, Der dreieinige Gott I 1922; GKrüger, Das Dogma v. der Dreieinigkeit 1905, 46ff; AHarnack, Entstehung u. Entwicklung der Kirchenverfassung 1910, 187ff; JHaussleiter, Trinitarischer Glaube u. Christusbekenntnis in der alten Kirche: BFCT XXV 4, 1920; JLebreton, Histoire du dogme de la Trinité I: Les origines6 1927; RBlümel, Pls u. d. dreieinige Gott 1929.—On the whole word FRüsche, D. Seelenpneuma ’33; HLeisegang, Der Hl. Geist I 1, 1919; EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 486–95; PVolz, Der Geist Gottes u. d. verwandten Erscheinungen im AT 1910; JHehn, Zum Problem des Geistes im alten Orient u. im AT: ZAW n.s. 2, 1925, 210–25; SLinder, Studier till Gamla Testamentets föreställningar om anden 1926; AMarmorstein, Der Hl. Geist in der rabb. Legende: ARW 28, 1930, 286–303; NSnaith, The Distinctive Ideas of the OT ’46, 229–37; FDillistone, Bibl. Doctrine of the Holy Spirit: Theology Today 3, ’46/47, 486–97; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 341–46; ESchweizer, CDodd Festschr., ’56, 482–508; DLys, Rûach, Le Souffle dans l’AT, ’62; DHill, Gk. Words and Hebr. Mngs. ’67, 202–93.—HGunkel, Die Wirkungen des Hl. Geistes2 1899; HWeinel, Die Wirkungen des Geistes u. der Geister im nachap. Zeitalter 1899; EWinstanley, The Spirit in the NT 1908; HSwete, The Holy Spirit in the NT 1909, The Holy Spirit in the Ancient Church 1912; EScott, The Spirit in the NT 1923; FBüchsel, Der Geist Gottes im NT 1926; EvDobschütz, Der Geistbesitz des Christen im Urchristentum: Monatsschr. für Pastoral-theol. 20, 1924, 228ff; FBadcock, ‘The Spirit’ and Spirit in the NT: ET 45, ’34, 218–21; RBultmann, Theologie des NT ’48, 151–62 (Eng. tr. KGrobel, ’51, I 153–64); ESchweizer, Geist u. Gemeinde im NT ’52, Int 6, ’52, 259–78.—WTosetti, Der Hl. Geist als göttliche Pers. in den Evangelien 1918; HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion. Der Ursprung des Geistbegriffs der Syn. Ev. aus der griech. Mystik 1922; AFrövig, Das Sendungsbewusstsein Jesu u. der Geist 1924; HWindisch, Jes. u. d. Geist nach Syn. Überl.: Studies in Early Christianity, presented to FCPorter and BWBacon 1928, 209–36; FSynge, The Holy Spirit in the Gospels and Acts: CQR 120, ’35, 205–17; CBarrett, The Holy Spirit and the Gospel Trad. ’47.—ESokolowski, Die Begriffe Geist u. Leben bei Pls 1903; KDeissner, Auferstehungshoffnung u. Pneumagedanke bei Pls 1912; GVos, The Eschatological Aspect of the Pauline Conception of the Spirit: Bibl. and Theol. Studies by the Faculty of Princeton Theol. Sem. 1912, 209–59; HBertrams, Das Wesen des Geistes nach d. Anschauung des Ap. Pls 1913; WReinhard, Das Wirken des Hl. Geistes im Menschen nach den Briefen des Ap. Pls 1918; HHoyle, The Holy Spirit in St. Paul 1928; PGächter, Z. Pneumabegriff des hl. Pls: ZKT 53, 1929, 345–408; ASchweitzer, D. Mystik des Ap. Pls 1930, 159–74 al. [Mysticism of Paul the Apostle, tr. WMontgomery ’31, 160–76 al.]; E-BAllo, RB 43, ’34, 321–46 [1 Cor]; Ltzm., Hdb. exc. after Ro 8:11; Synge [s. above], CQR 119, ’35, 79–93 [Pauline epp.]; NWaaning, Onderzoek naar het gebruik van πνεῦμα bij Pls, diss. Amsterd. ’39; RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms, ’71, 167–200.—HvBaer, Der Hl. Geist in den Lukasschriften 1926; MGoguel, La Notion joh. de l’Esprit 1902; JSimpson, The Holy Spirit in the Fourth Gospel: Exp., 9th ser., 4, 1925, 292–99; HWindisch, Jes. u. d. Geist im J.: Amicitiae Corolla (RHarris Festschr.) ’33, 303–18; WLofthouse, The Holy Spirit in Ac and J: ET 52, ’40/41, 334–36; CBarrett, The Holy Spirit in the Fourth Gospel: JTS 1 n.s., ’50, 1–15; FCrump, Pneuma in the Gospels, diss. Catholic Univ. of America, ’54; GLampe, Studies in the Gospels (RHLightfoot memorial vol.) ’55, 159–200; NHamilton, The Holy Spirit and Eschatology in Paul, ’57; WDavies, Paul and the Dead Sea Scrolls, Flesh and Spirit: The Scrolls and the NT, ed. KStendahl, ’57, 157–82.—GJohnston, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Holy Spirit’ in the Qumran Lit.: NT Sidelights (ACPurdy Festschr.) ’60, 27–42; JPryke, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Flesh’ in Qumran and NT, RevQ 5, ’65, 346–60; HBraun, Qumran und d. NT II, ’66, 150–64; DHill, Greek Words and Hebrew Meanings, ’67, 202–93; WBieder, Pneumatolog. Aspekte im Hb, OCullmann Festschr. ’72, 251–59; KEasley, The Pauline Usage of πνεύματι as a Reference to the Spirit of God: JETS 27, ’84, 299–313 (statistics).—B. 260; 1087. Pauly-W. XIV 387–412. BHHW I 534–37. Schmidt, Syn. II 218–50. New Docs 4, 38f. DELG s.v. πνέω. M-M. Dict. de la Bible XI 126–398. EDNT. TW. Sv.
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