-
1 σκέπαρνος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `axe for working wood, chip-axe' (Od., S. Fr. 797, hell. a. late), metaph. as des. of a chirurgical bandage (Hp.).Other forms: - ον n.Compounds: As 2. member a.o. in ἀμφι-σκέπαρνος `smoothened on both sides' (Miletos, Didyma).Derivatives: σκεπάρν-ιον n. `pillar' (Didyma IIa), - ηδόν adv. `like a kind of σ.-bandage' (Hp.), - ίζω `to work with a σ.' (Hero), with ( ἀπο-)-ισμός m. (medic.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (S)Etymology: An IE etymology can be constructed, if one accepts a combination of ρ- and ν-suffixes (Solmsen Wortforsch. 210; cf. Bechtel Lex. s. v. and Specht Ursprung 350) and connects a in Balto-Slavic widely represented group of words, e.g. Russ. ščepátь `split, crumble, diminish', Latv. šk̨ẽpele `split off piece, sherd'. To this are also to be connected the words discussed under κόπτω and σκάπτω; s. vv. w. lit.; to this Vasmer s. ščepá and Fraenkel s. skẽpeta. To avoid the anyhow awkward ρν-suffix, Niedermann IF 37, 149 f. assumes a metathesis from *σκέρπανος, to IE sker-p- in NHG Scherbe, schürfen etc. etc. (cf. κρώπιον and σκορπίος w. lit.); a hypotetical supposition. So like many other instrument names a LW [loanword] (Schwyzer 491 w. lit.)? -- To be rejected Güntert Reimwortbild. 128. -- No doubt a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 2,724Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκέπαρνος
-
2 στέλλω
στέλλω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to put in order, to make ready, to equip, dress with weapons, clothes etc.; to prepare (for a journey), to dispatch'; also `to furl, take in the sails, to tie up, to constrain'; midd. esp. `to summon, to fetch, to prepare (for a journey), to set off' (also act. intr.). `to dress'.Other forms: Aor. στεῖλαι, - ασθαι (Il.), Aeol. ἀπο-, ἐπι-στέλλαι, fut. στελ-έω (β 287 a.o.), -ῶ, - οῦμαι (Att.). Aor. pass. σταλ-ῆναι (Pi., IA.), - θῆναι (hell.), perf. pass. ἔσταλμαι (IA.), act. ἔσταλκα (Att.), ἔστολα (gramm.).Compounds: Very often w. prefix with variaous shades of neaning, e.g. ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-, κατα-, περι-, συν-, ὑπο-. As 2. member e.g. ἰδιό-στολος `having one's own equipment, equipped at one's own expense, making one's own journey' (Plu. a.o.), πυγο-στόλος adjunct of γυνή (Hes. Op. 373; on the debated meaning Martinazzoli Par. del Pass. 15, 203ff.); ναυ-στολ-έω `to send on a ship, to navigate, to steer (a ship)' (Pi., S., E., late prose; ναύ-στολος only A. Th. 858 [lyr.; doubted]; cf. ναυ-μαχέω, οἰνο-χοέω a.o. in Schwyzer 726); ἀκρο-στόλ-ιον n. `decorated end of the rostrum' (Callix., Str., D.S. etc.); ἀπόστολ-ος (: ἀπο-στέλλω) m. `envoys, fleet-expedition' (IA.), `apostle' (LXX, NT). As 2. member e.g. μελανό-στολος `with a black garment' (Plu.).Derivatives: A. 1. στόλος m. `equipment (of a campaign), campaign by water and by land, fleet, army, troop, legion, march' (Pi., IA.); also `rostrum' (Pi., trag.)`outgrowth, stump, appendage' (Arist.); cf. below. 2. στολή (Aeol. σπόλα; cf. below) f. `armor', usu. `dress, garment' (IA.), `obstruction, pressure, constraint' (Epicur., medic.); ἀπο-, δια- ἐπι-στολή a.o. (: ἀπο-στέλλω) `sending resp. extension, mission or letter' (IA. etc.) with ἀποστολ-εύς m. `officials for equipping and dispatching the fleet' (Att.) a.o., s. Bosshardt 53 f. From this the dimin. στόλ-ιον n. (Delos IIa, AP a.o.); στολ-άς f. `jacket' (Ael.); στολ-ίς f. `dress', pl. `folds' (E., Arist. etc.) with - ίδιον, - ιδώδης, - ιδόομαι, - ίδωμα, - ιδωτός. - From στολή and στόλος: στολ-ίζω, also w. κατα-, συν-, ὑπο- `to place in order, to equip, to dress' (Hes. Op. 628, E., hell. a. late), - ισις, - ισμα, ισμός, - ιστής, - ιστήριον, - ιστεία; - άζομαι `to dress' in ἐστολάδαντο (metr. inscr. Marathon IIp; cf. ἐρράδαται a.o. Schwyzer 672). -- 3. στολμός m. `equipment, clothing' (A., E.). -- B. στέλμα στέφος, στέμμα H. (correct?); στελμονίαι ζώματα H. (= X. Cyr. 6, 1); cf. ἁρ-μον-ία a.o., Scheller Oxytonierung 58f. -- C. 1. - σταλ-μα, only from the prefixed ἐπι-στέλλω etc.: ἐπί-, διά-, ἀπό-σταλμα n. `public mission etc.' (Thphr., pap.). 2. διασταλ-μός m. `assessment' (pap. VIp). 3. στάλ-σις f. `obstruction' (Gal.), διά- στέλλω `destination, treaty' (LXX). 4. ἀνα-, δια-, περι- etc. - σταλτικός (late). --5. On στάλιξ s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [1019] * stel- `put (up), stand'; also [985] * spel- `split'?Etymology: The above forms form in spite of all semantic differentiation a well kept together formal system. Outside the wide semantic cadre are, however, στόλος in the sense of `ships beak a.o.', a meaning which seems difficult to connect with στέλλω `prepare, equip, send out', but which can without difficulty be connected with στελεά, στέλεχος, στήλη [which in my view do not belong to στέλλω]. When judging the etymology some seemingly Aeolic, mostly only lexically attested forms with σπ- (against inscr. ἀπο-, ἐπι-στέλλαι) must not be overlooked: σπελλάμεναι στειλάμεναι, σπολεῖσα σταλεῖσα, εὔσπολον εὑεί-μονα, εὑσταλέα, κασπέλλει (cod. - έλη) στορνύει (all H.); σπόλα = στολή (Sapph.), κασπολέω (- σπελ-?) ὑποστορέσω (Sapph., H.). So ΙΑ. στελ-, Aeol. σπελ- from IE skʷel- (lit. in Persson Beitr. 1, 422)? After Bechtel Dial. 1, 125f. (with Schulze; cf. on this Hamm Grammatik 15 w. n. 3) in IA. στέλλω IE * stel- `send' and skʷel- `equip' (from where Aeol. σπελ-) would have fallen together. The difficulty to find IE * skʷel- back in other languages, as well as the meagre documentation of the σπ-forms both arouse suspicion against such a supposition. For some of the relevant words ( σπόλα, εὔσπολος) one might sonsider a connection with IE * spel- `split' (s. σπολάς). -- Exact cognates outside Greek are missing. Nearest comes Arm. steɫc-anem, aor. steɫc-i `prepare, creare' with unclear c (ɫc from l + s with Pedersen KZ 39, 427 ?); beside it steɫn, pl. steɫun-k` `stem, stalk, twig' (cf. στέλεχος, στελεά). Also several other words go back on IE * stel-, but deviate semantically from στέλλω: Alb. shtiell `wind up, reel up, collect' (IE * stel-n-ō); Germ. nouns as OE stela m. `stalk of a plant', OWNo. stiolr m. `tail-bone', NNorw. stjøl `stalk, stem' (\< * stelu-; cf. στελεχος, στελεά). Here belong also the unclear OWNo. stallr m. `constitution, crib, stable', OHG stal m. `living, seat, stable' (to which stellen) from PGm. * stalla- or * staðla-(IE * stol-no- or * st(h)h₂-dhlo- [to st(h)ā- `stand'; s. ἵστημι]); Skt. sthálam n. `continent, earth-bottom', sthálā f. `raised earth' etc. (cf. on στήλη). -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 643ff., Pok. 1019f., W.-Hofmann s. locus; older lit. also in Bq. -- The evidence for IE origin is meagre; could the word be Pre-Greek?Page in Frisk: 2,786-788Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στέλλω
-
3 ῥίπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to throw, to hurl, to thrust, to bolt' (Pi., IA.).Other forms: also ῥιπτέω (IA. since ν 78), iterative pret. ῥίπτασκον (Hom., Hes. Sc., - εσκον Nic. Fr.), fut. ῥίψω, aor. ῥῖψαι (Il.), pass. ῥιφθῆναι, ῥῐφῆναι (Att.) with fut. ῥιφ-θήσομαι (S.), - ήσομαι (LXX), perf. midd. ἔρρῑμμαι (Orac. ap. Hdt., E., Ar.), ῥερῖφθαι (Pi.; Schwyzer 649), act. ἔρρῑφα (Lys.).Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. ἁπο-, ἀνα-, ἐν-, δια-. As 1. member e.g. in ῥίψ-ασπις, - ιδος `throwing the shield away, coward' (Ar., Pl.), - άσπιδος `id.' (Eup.); cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 93.Derivatives: 1. ῥῑπή f. `throw, thrust, gust of wind, sway, press, heavy movement' (ep. Il.) with ῥιπίζω ( δια-, ἐκ- a.o.) `to cause a gust of wind, to kindle, to fan' (Hp., Ar., Arist.), `to hurl' (Hld.), from which ῥίπ-ισις, - ισμός, - ισμα `fanning' (late); from ῥιπή or as backformation ῥιπίς, - ίδος f. `fanner' (com., AP); on εὔ-ρῑπος s. v.; 2. ῥῖψις ( διά-, ἀπό- a.o.) f. `throwing, hurling' (Hp., Att., Arist.) with ( ἀπο-)ῥίψιμος `apt for throwing away' (late; Arbenz 92); also Ϝριψίδας (Mantinea; cf. Kretschmer Glotta 5,265); 3. ( δια-)ῥίμματα n. pl. `heavy movements, bolts' (Arion, X.); 4. ῥῐφή ( δια-, ἀπο-) f. `cast, throwing back and forth' (Pratin. Lyr., Lyc.; after ῥῐφῆναι); 5. ῥιπτός `cast, thrown' (S. Tr.), μητρό- ῥίπτω (Dosiad.); 6. ῥιπτικός `able for throwing' (Arist.-comm.); 7. frequent. ῥιπτάζω, - άσαι `to thrust back and forth' (ep. Ξ 257) with - ασμός (Hp., Plu.), - αστικός (M. Ant.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: The regular character of the formal system, which is built on an element Ϝρῑπ- (wit secondary shortening Ϝρῐπ-), shows that it is a (relatively) late creation. No convincing agreement outside Greek. The formally agreeing MLG wrīven `rub, wipe, scour, draw', MHG rīben `turn rubbing ' could be connected if we assume a basic meaning `turn' ("rub, throw with a turning movement"; cf. with the last Lat. torqueō); WP. 1, 280, Pok. 1159. A further analysis in u̯r-ī-p- "opens wide perspectives"; NHG werfen (prop. *'turn')not to ῥέπω, ῥέμβομαι, ῥάβδος)} s. vv.) etc. S. also ῥίψ. -- An IE *u̯r-iH-p- seems not a very probable structure; is the word Pre-Greek?Page in Frisk: 2,658-659Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥίπτω
-
4 στείχω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to march in (in order), to march, to rise, to draw, to go' (ep. Ion. poet. Il., also Aeol. prose).Other forms: ( στίχω Hdt. 3, 14; coni. Dind. in S. Ant. 1129 ex H.), aor. 2. στιχεῖν (aor. 1. περί-στειξας δ 277).Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-, προσ-. As 2. element e.g. in μονό-στιχος `consisting of one verse' (Plu.), e.g. τρί-στοιχος `consisting of three rows' (μ 91), - εί adv. `in three rows' ( 473), μετα-στοιχεί meaning unclear (Ψ 358 a. 757); σύ-στοιχος `belonging to the same row, coordinated, corresponding' (Arist. etc.).Derivatives: From it, prob. as deverbative, but also related to στίχες (Leumann Hom. Wörter 185 f.), στιχάομαι, also w. περι-, συν-, `id.' in 3. pl. ipf. ἐστιχόωντο (Il., Theoc., Nonn.), pres. στιχόωνται (Orph.), act. στιχόωσι, ptc. n. pl. - όωντα (hell. a. late ep.); ὁμοστιχάει 3. sg. pres. `escorted' (Ο 635: *ὁμό-στιχος or for ὁμοῦ στ.?). -- Nouns. A. στίχ-ες pl., gen. sg. στιχ-ός f. `rank(s), file(s)', esp. of soldiers, `battle-array, line of battle' (ep. poet. Il.). -- B. στίχος m. `file, rank', of soldiers, trees, etc., often of words `line' in verse and prose (Att. etc.). στιχ-άς f. `id.' only in dat. pl. στιχάδεσσι ( Epigr.). Dim. - ίδιον (Plu.); - άριον `coat, tightly fitting garment' (pap.). Adj. - ινος, - ικός, - ήρης, - ηρός, adv. - ηδόν (late). Vb - ίζω `to arrange in rows' (LXX; v. l. στοιχ-) with - ιστής. - ισμός (Tz.), περι- στείχω = περιστοιχίζω (s.bel.; A.). -- C. στοῖχος m. `file or column of soldiers, choir members, ships etc., layer of building stones, row of trees, poles etc.' (IA.). From this στοιχ-άς f. `arranged in rows' ( ἐλᾶαι, Sol. ap. Poll. a.o.), - άδες ( νῆσοι) name of a group of islands near Massilia (A. R. a.o.); from this the plantname στοιχάς (Orph., Dsc.) after Strömberg 127 (with Dsc.), with - αδίτης οἶνος `wine spiced with s.' (Dsc.). Cultnames of Zeus resp. Athena: - αῖος (Thera), - αδεύς (Sikyon), - εία (Epid.) referring to the arrangement in phylai. Further adj. - ιαῖος `measuring one row' (Att. inscr.), - ικός (late); adv. - ηδόν (Arist. etc.), - ηδίς (Theognost.) `line by line'. Verbs: 1. στοιχ-έω (because of the meaning hardly deverbative with Schwyzer 720), also w. περι-, συν- a. o., `to form a row, to stand in file and rank, to match, to agree, to be content, to follow' (X., Att. inscr., Arist. hell. a. late); - ούντως `matching, consequent' (Galatia, Aug. time). 2. - ίζω, often w. περι-, also δια-, κατα-, `to arrange in a line, to order' (A. Pr. 484 a. 232, X. a.o.) with - ισμός (Poll.); περι- στείχω `to fence in all around with nets (net-poles), to ensnare' (D., Plb. etc.). -- D. στοιχεῖον, often pl. - εῖα n. `letters in freestanding, alphabetical form' (beside γράμματα `character, script'), also (arisen from this?) `lines, (systematic) dogmas, principles, (physical) element' (Pl., Arist. etc.), `heavenly bodies, elementary spirits, nature demons, magic means' (late a. Byz.); also `shadow-line' as time-measure (Att. com.; cf. σκιὰ ἀντίστοιχος E. Andr. 745) a.o.; prop. "object related to a row, entering a row, forming a part of a whole, member of a row" (on the formation cf. σημεῖον, μνημεῖον, ἐλεγεῖον a.o.); on the development of the meaning which is in many ways unclear Burkert Phil. 103, 167 ff. w. further extensive lit., esp. Diels Elementum (1899). Diff. Lagercrantz (s. Bq); to be rejected. - From it στοιχει-ώδης `belonging to the στοιχεῖα, elementary' (Arist. etc.), of barley `in several rows' as opposed to ἄ-στοιχος πυρός (Thphr.), so either = στοιχ-ώδης or miswritten for it. Denom. verb. στοιχει-όω `to introduce to the principles' (Chrysipp. a.o.), `to equip with magical powers, to charm' (Byz.; cf. Blum Eranos 44, 315ff.) with - ωσις, - ωμα, - ωτής, - ωτικός (Epicur., Phld. a.o.), - ωματικός (Ps.-Ptol.); cf. on this Mugler Dict. géom. 380 f.Etymology: Old inherited group with several representatives also in other idg. languages. The full grade thematic present στείχω agrees exactly to Germ. and Celtic forms, e.g. Goth. steigan ` steigen', OIr. tiagu `stride, go', IE *stéighō. Beside it Skt. has a zero grade nasal present stigh-no-ti `rise'; similar, inmeaning deviant, OCS po-stignǫ `get in, reach, hit' (length of the stemvowel secondary). A deviant meaning is also shown by the full grade yot-present Lit. steig-iù, inf. steĩg-ti `found, raise', also (obsolete) `hurry'; on this Fraenkel s. v. -- Further several nouns, esp. in Germ.: OHG steg m. ` Steg, small bridge', OWNo. stig n. `step' from PGm. * stiga-z, -n, IE * stigh-o-s (= στίχος), - o-m; OE stige -n. `going up, down' (i-stem from older rootnoun = στίχ-ες?). With oi-ablaut Alb. shtek `transit, entrance, road, hair-parting' (= στοῖχος), thus Goth. staiga, OHG steiga f. `mountain-path, road', Latv. staiga f. `course', cf. Lith. adv. staigà `suddenly' (would be Gr. *στοιχή) etc., s. WP. 2, 614 f., Pok. 1017 f., also W.-Hofmann s. vestīgium w. further forms a. lit.Page in Frisk: 2,783-785Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στείχω
-
5 χωρισμός
χωρ-ισμός, ὁ,A separation,λύσις καὶ χ. ψυχῆς ἀπὸ σώματος Pl.Phd. 67d
; χ. δέχεσθαι, opp. συνεζεῦχθαι, Arist.EN 1175a20.3 abstraction, Plot.4.7.8.II (from [voice] Pass.) a being separated, parting, departure, Plb.5.16.6, D.S.17.10; τὸν χ.ποιήσασθαι Id.2.60
; seclusion, LXXLe.12.2, 18.19;ὁ ἀπὸ θεοῦ χ. Hierocl. in CA24p.472M.
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > χωρισμός
-
6 πέλεκυς
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `axe, double axe, hatchet' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. perekuwanaka ?? (Puhvel KZ 73, 221 f.).Compounds: As 2. member in ἑξα-πέλεκυς = Lat. sexfascalis (Plb.), σφυρο-πέλεκυς `hammer-axe' (Att. inscr.; Risch IF 59, 57 f.; cf. Schwyzer RhM 79, 314ff.); ἡμι-πέλεκκον n. "half-axe", `axe with one edge' (Ψ 851), from adj. *ἡμι-πέλεκϜ-ος `consisting of half an axe' (Risch IF 59, 51);Derivatives: πελέκ-ιον n. dimin. (Att. inscr.), πέλεκκ-ον (- ος) n. (m.) `axe-handle' (Ν 612, Poll., H.; from - κϜ-ον as πελεκκ-άω below), πελεκυ-νάριον `id.' (Theo Sm.); πελεκ-ᾶς, - ᾶτος m. `axe-smith' (Ostr. Ia; Olsson Arch. f. Pap. 11, 219). Two denominatives: 1. πελεκ-άω (- εκκάω ε 244 from *-εκϜ-άω; Schwyzer 227 a. 731), rarely w. ἀνα-, ἀπο-, ἐκ-, κατα-, `to cut with a π.' (ε 244) with - ημα, - ησις, - ητής, - ήτωρ, - ητρίς, - ητός (hell.); 2. πελεκ-ίζω ( ἀπο- AB) `to chop off with a π.', esp. `to behead' (Plb., Str.) with - ισμός (D. S.). πέλεκρα ἀξίνη is obscure and may be late. -- Through transformation after the instrument-namen in - υξ (Chantraine Form. 383) πέλυξ `id.' (LXX, pap.) with πελύκ-ιον (Peripl. M. Rubr., Pap.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Identical with Skt. paraśú- m. `axe, battle-axe' but for the accent as inherited(?) word; IE *peleḱu-(?); further Iran. forms, e.g. Osset. færæt `axe'; as Iran. LW [loanword] Toch. A porat, B peret `axe' (but see Benveniste, Études sur la langue ossète 107f.. -- Long as IE LW [loanword] identified with Accad. pilakku supp. `axe' (e.g. Kretschmer Einleitung 105 f.). The Accad. word however never means `axe' (rather `spindle'), which is why this comparison must be given up. It may be a loan from an southeastern language in a limited IE area which seems possible, though there are no further connections known. Cf. Mayrhofer KEWA 2,213 with further details and lit.; also Porzig Gliederung 160 and Thieme Die Heimat d. idg. Gemeinspr. 52 f. - Furnée 150f. points to βέλεκκος ὄσπριόν τι ἐμφερες λαθύρῳ μέγεθος ἐρεβίνθου ἔχον H. Further cf. his notes 39 and 40 (p. 150f.). He also assumes that the - κκ- rather is Pre-Greek gemination. Further πέλεκρα is rather a Pre-Greek formation, like πέλυξ.Page in Frisk: 2,497Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πέλεκυς
-
7 ῥαίνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to besprinkle, to spray, to strew' (Il.).Other forms: Aor. ῥῆναι (Hp. a.o.), ῥᾶναι (Att., hell.), pass. ῥανθῆναι (Pi. a.o.), ipv. 2. pl. ῥάσσατε (υ 150), ptc. περι-ρασάμενοι (Pergamon IIa) after κεδάσσαι, κεράσ(σ)αι a.o. (?), perf. act. δι-έρραγκα (LXX), midd. 3. pl. ἐρράδαται (υ 354), plqu. - δατ(ο) (Μ 431) with analog. - δ- (Schwyzer 672; but s. bel.), ἔρραμμαι (hell. a. late), - ασμαι (sch.).Compounds: Often w. prefix, esp. περι-.Derivatives: 1. ῥανίς, - ίδος f. `drop' (trag., Ar., Arist.) with ῥανίζω = ῥαίνω (Poll.); 2. ῥαντός `besprinkled, spotted' (Hp.) with ῥαντίζω, also w. περι- a.o., = ῥαίνω (LXX, Ep. Hebr. a.o.), to which ( περι-)ῥαντ-ισμός m. (LXX, NT), - ισμα n. (Vett.Val.); 3. ῥαντήρ, - ῆρος m. `sprinkler' (Nic.) with ( περι-, ἁπο-)ῥαντήριον n. `vessel with sprinkling water' (IA.); 4. ( περι-)ῥάντης m. `sprinkler' (pap.); 5. ( περί-)ῥανσις f. `sprinkling' (Pl., pap.); 6. ἀπό-ρ(ρ)ανθρον = ἀπορραντήριον (Anaphe, Priene); 7. ῥάσμα n. `sprinkling, spray' (hell.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The above verbal system is based on ῥαν-, which, if inherited, represents the zero grade of IE *u̯ren- or * sren- (of which one would expect *u̯\/sr̥n-). Certain non-Gr. cognates are unknown. After Solmsen KZ 37, 590ff. to a Slav. verb for `let fall, shed' in Russ. ronítь, Czech. roniti, Pol. ronić a.o., which can go back on *u̯ron-, but may be explained diff. (WP. 1, 139, Pok. 329). Unclear is Hitt. ḫurnāi- `besprinkle' (Szemerényi KZ 73, 74). Who analyses the root as u̯r-en- or sr-en-, can locate the word in a wellknown surrounding. -- (Improb. is the connection with ῥαίνω (as *u̯rn̥-dh-, s. above) of ῥαθάμιγξ; s. v.) -- The variation δ\/ν is well known as a Pre-Greek phenomenon (Kuiper, FS Kretschmer 1, 216). This proves that the verb is Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,639-640Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥαίνω
-
8 σκότος
Grammatical information: m.,Meaning: `darkness, dark', also of the dark before the eyes = `swindle' (Il.).Other forms: Also n. (since Va; after φῶς a. o., extensively Egli Heteroklisie 64 f.)Compounds: Some compp., e.g. σκοτο-μήν-ιος "having the moon in the dark", `moon-darkness, moonless', adjunct of νύξ (ξ 457), univerbation of σκότος and μήν(η); besides the abstract σκοτο-μην-ία f. `moonlessnes, moonless night' (hell.), also σκοτο-μήνη `id.' (Democr.[?], LXX) and (after the nom. in - αινα) σκοτό-μαινα f. `id.' (AP a.o.); cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 57 (slightly diff.). Further σκοτο-διν-ία, Ion. - ίη f. `swindle' (Hp., Pl.) with - δινιάω (Ar., Pl.); also - δινος m. `id.' (Hp.; after δῖνος); diff. Georgacas Glotta 36, 182.Derivatives: Several derivv. A. Adj.: 1. σκότιος `dark, secretly, illegitimate', in Crete also = ἄνηβος (esp. ep. poet. Z 24; cf. Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 108 against Leumann Hom. Wörter 284); to this σκοτίας δραπέτης H. 2. σκοτ-αῖος `in the dark, dark' (IA.; after κνεφαῖος a.o.; Schwyzer 467). 3. - εινός `darkness' (A.; after φαεινός a. o.) with - εινότης f. (Pl.), - εινῶδες H. s. νυθῶδες. 4. - όεις `id.' (Hp., Emp., hell. ep.; Debrunner Άντίδωρον 28f.); Σκοτοῦσ(σ)α (- όεσσα) f. town in Thessaly (hell.). 5. - ώδης `dark, dizzy' (IA.) with - ωδία f. (late). 6. - ερός `dark' (hell. poet.). -- B. Subst. 1. σκοτία f. = σκότος (Ar., LXX, NT a.o.); or to σκότιος as e.g. ὁσία: ὅσιος?; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 38 w. n. 4. 2. σκοταρία ζόφος. Άχαιοί H. 3. Σκοτίτας m. surn. of Zeus (Paus. 3, 10, 6); explanation debated; cf., except LSJ, Redard 212, Hitzig -Blümner ad loc., v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 229. 4. Σκοτία (- ιά) f. surn. of Aphrodite (H., EM; Scheller Oxyt. 129 w. n. 2). -- C. Verbs: 1. σκοτόομαι, - όω, also w. ἀπο-, συν-, `it becomes dark before my eyes, I'm passing out; to pass out, to darken' (Att. etc.; on the meaning Chantraine Sprache 1, 147 f.) with σκότ-ωμα, - ωσις (hell. a. late). 2. ἐπι-σκοτ-έω `to shroud in darkness, to darken' (Hp., Att.; like ἐπι-θυμ-έω, - χειρ-έω a. o.) with - ησις f. (Plu. a. o.), - ος adj. (Pi. Pae. 9, 5; v. l.). 3. σκοτάω in 3. pl. σκοτόωσι `their sight becomes darkened' (Nic.). 4. σκοτ-άζω, mostly w. συν-, `to become dark, to darken' (Att. etc.; in the older language only impersonal) with - ασμός m. (late). 5. - ίζω, also w. ἐπι-, ἀπο-, κατα-, `to darken' (hell. a. late) with - ισμός, - ισις (sp.). 6. σκοτ-εύει δραπετεύει H. (cf. σκοτίας ab. A. 1).Etymology: Without direct non-Gr. agreement, σκότος has a very close cognate in a Germ. word for `shadow': Goth. skadus, OE sceadu (also `darkness'), OHG scato, -( a)wes, PGm. * skaðu- (after the opposite * haiðu- prop. `light-appearance' [= Skt. ketú-] in Goth. haidus `art and way' a. o.?). Besides stand in Celt. forms with lengthened grade, e.g. OIr. scāth n. `shadow', IE * skōto- or * skāto- (diff. s. σκιά). WP. 2, 600 (w. older lit.), Pok. 957; older lit. also in Bq.Page in Frisk: 2,739-740Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκότος
-
9 σῦριγξ
σῦριγξ, - ιγγοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `quill, flute, syrinx' (Il.); also of pipe-like objects, e.g. `windpipe, blood-vessel, fistula' (medic. a.o.), `spear-case' (T387), `hole in the nave of a wheel (weel-bus, Germ. Radbüchse' (trag. a.o.), `subterranean passage' (Plb. a.o.).Compounds: Some compp., egB. πεντε-σύριγγος `with five pipes' (Ar. a.o.).Derivatives: Many derivv. 1. Diminut. συρίγγ-ιον n. (Hp., Plu. a.o.), - ίδιον n. (Hero). 2. - ίς f. `kind of κασία' (medic.). 3. - ίας m. des. of a tube ( κάλαμος; Thphr., Dsc.; cf. Strömberg Theophrastea 91). 4. - ίτης m., - ῖτις f. name of a precious stone (Ps.-Dsc., Plin.; Redard 62). 5. - ώδης `hollow, fistular' (Hp.). 6. - ιακός `meant for fistulae' (medic.; after καρδιακός a.o. or from συρίγγιον). -- Denomin. verbs: 1. συρίζω (Ion. poet. h. Merc.), Att. - ίττω (Pl., D., Arist. etc.), Dor. - ίσδω (Theoc.), aor. - ίξαι (Ar.), - ίσαι (Babr., Luc.), fut. - ίξομαι (Luc.), - ίσω (Hero a.o.), - ιῶ (LXX), also w. ὑπο-, ἐκ, ἀπο- a.o., `to blow the syrinx, to whistle, to hiss'. From it σύρ-ιγμα n. `tone of a pipe' (- ισμα H.) with - ιγματώδης `pipe-like, hissing' (medic.), - ιγμός (X., Arist. etc.), - ισμός (LXX a.o.) m. `the whistling, whirr', - ιγξις f. `flute-playing' (sch.), - ικτής, - ιστής (Arist., Corn.), - ικτάς (Theoc., AP), - ιστήρ (AP) with - ιστηρίδιον meaning unclear (pap. Ia), - ιγκτής (Phot.) m. `flutist', also `the whistling'; on the formations Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 232 n. 2; - ιστική ( τέχνη) `the art of flute-playing' (sch.). 2. συριγγ-όομαι, - όω, also w. ἐκ-, προ-, ἀπο-, `to become hollow, to get a fistula, to make into a pipe etc.' (Hp. a.o.) with - ωσις f. `formation of a fistula' (medic.), - ωμα n. `fistula' (Vett. Val.). 3. - ιάω `to suffer from a fistula' ( Hippiatr.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Formation like σάλπιγξ, φόρμιγξ (Chantraine Form. 398), what implies Mediterranean or oriental origin. IE etymology by Solmsen Wortforsch. 129 ff.: deriv. in - ιγγ- from a noun *σῡ-ρος, resp. - ρον, -ρᾱ with cognates in σωλήν (? s. v.) and σαυρωτήρ (?; s. σαύρα), to which also Skt. tūṇa- m. `quiver', tū́ṇava- m. `flute' (rejected by Mayrhofer s. v.): IE tu̯ō[u]-: tu̯Hu-: tū- (WP. 1, 752f., Pok. 1102 w. further lit.). -- From Greek Skt. suruṅgā f. `subterranean passage' (Stein ZII, 280ff.; extensive on the etymology and hirtory of the meaning); here also Arm. sring `flute, pipe' (LW [loanword] from common source? Adjarian Mel. Boisacq 1.3). -- Clearly a Pre-Greek word (not in Furnée).Page in Frisk: 2,821-822Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σῦριγξ
-
10 σφάκελος 1
σφάκελος 1.Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `caries, gangrene, necrosis' (Hp., Gal.), also `twitching pain, cramp' (A. Pr. 878, 1045, E. Hipp. 1352, everywhere anap.).Derivatives: σφακελ-ώδης `gangrenous' (medic.), - ίζω ( ἐπι-, ἀπο-) `to suffer from caries or gangrene' (Hdt. Hp., a.o.), rarely `to sense a twitching pain, cramp' (Cratin., Pherecr., Plu.), with - ισμός m. `caries, gangrene' (Hp., Arist., Thphr. [cf. Strömberg Theophrastea 191]), `heavy pain' ( Stoic.), `epilepsy' ( Hippiatr.); ἐπι-, ἀπο-σφακέλισις f. `gangrene' (Hp.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Formation like σκόπελος, πύελος a.o.; further unclear. The word was prob. orig. a medical expession (Chantraine Form. 244; diff. Solmsen Wortforsch. 5 and Persson Beitr. 1, 396). Starting from a meaning `convulsions, c. with pain', Persson seeks connection with MHG spachen `split', LG spaken `burst, putrefy' etc.; justified criticism by WP. 2, 652. -- Cf. σφάκος, σφήξ, φάκελος.Page in Frisk: 2,827Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σφάκελος 1
-
11 σφήξ
σφήξ, - ηκόςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `wasp' (Il.).Other forms: Dor. (Theoc.) -ᾱκός m.Derivatives: I. σφηκ-ιά f. `wasp-nest' (S., E., Ar., LXX a.o.; Scheller Oxytonierung 68). 2. - ίον n. `comb in a wasp's nest' (Arist., Thphr. a.o.); ἐπι-σφήκ-ιον n. meaning unknown (Delos IIIa). 3. - ίσκος m. `pointed wood, rafter etc.' (Ar., Arist., inscr. a.o.). 4. - ίας m. `id.' (Pherecr.), also name of a verse (Ps.-Plu.; cf. σφηκικός, σφηκώδης). 5. - ειον n. `wasp-like insect' (Nic.). 6. - εια f. old name of the island Cyprus (Lyc., H.). 7. - ικός `wasp-like', name of a verse (Eust.), - ώδης `id.' (Ar. a.o.), also name of a verse (sch.). 8. - ισμός εἶδος αὑλή-σεως, εἰρημένον ἀπὸ τῆς ἐμφερείας τῶν βομ\<β\>ῶν H. (: *σφη-κίζω). 9. - ίωσις κηρία σφηκῶν H. (: σφηκ-ίον, *-ιόω). 10. Unclear σφηκός = σφηκώδης (S. Fr. 29), σφήξ λόφου τὸ ἄκρον τοῦ λόφου κτλ. H.; σφήκη n. pl. meaning unknown (pap. IIIa). II. Usual denom. - όομαι, - όω, often w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-, `to be contracted, bound in the middle, esp. to contract, to bind' (P52, Ar., hell. a. late epic, late prose) with - ωμα n. `point of a helmet' (S., Ar.), `cord, cable' (pap. IIIa etc.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: On the formation cf. μύρμηξ, σκώληξ (s. vv.). Unexplained. Tempting, but morpholog. difficult is the comparison with σφήν (Solmsen Wortforsch. 129 w. n. 1, Grošelj Živa Ant. 4, 176). Other proposal: to σφάκελος referring to the constricted body (Persson Beitr. 1, 396 n. 1 asking); to ψήν `gall-insect', ψῆν `rub' (Hofmann Et. Wb. with Specht Ursprung 45); on the supposed metathesis etc. Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 189 f. On the certainly wrong combination with Lat. vespa a. cogn. (since Pott) s. Curtius 382 a. Bq; thus Georgiev Word 3, 77 ff. Older attempts (w. lit.) in Bq. -- Furnée 393 compares ψήν and concludes that the word is Pre-Greek; the conclusion is certainly right.Page in Frisk: 2,831Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σφήξ
-
12 σφρᾱγίς
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `seal, seal of a state, impression of a seal, signet, seal-ring, cut stone' (IA.), `sealed field-plot' (pap.). -- Extensively on the meaning of σφραγίς J. Diehl Sphragis. Eine semasiologische Nachlese. Diss. Gießen 1938 (w. lit.); also Kenna JHSt.81, 99ff., Kranz RhM 104, 3ff., 97f.Derivatives: Dimin. σφραγίδιον n. (Ar., Thphr., inscr.). Denom. verb σφραγ-ίζω, - ίζομαι, often w. prefix, e.g. ἐπι-, κατα-, συν-, `to provide with a seal, to seal, to signet, to stamp, to confirm' (IA.) with - ισμα ( ἀντι-, ἀπο-, ἐκ-) n. `impression of a seal, sealed document' (E., X., hell. a. late); - ισμός ( ἐπι-, παρα-, περι-) m. `sealing, confirmation' (hell. a. late); ἐν-, ἐπι-σφράγ-ισις m. `sealing' (late); - ιστήριον n. `seal, stamp' (pap.); - ιστής ( ἐπι-, ἀπο-) m. `sealer, witness' (Plu., Luc., pap. a.o.). -- Besides Σφραγίδιον name of a cave ( ἄντρον) of prophesying nymphs on the Kithairon (Paus. 9, 3, 5); there the νύμφαι Σφραγίτιδες Plu. Arist. 11).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (S).Etymology: Formation like κληΐς, κνημίς a.o.; so prob. a secondary deriv. Not certainly explained. For the Σφραγίτιδες νύμφαι Lobeck Paralip. 51 n. 59 assumes attractively connection with σφαραγέομαι referring to the rustling of the sourced ( ἐρι-σφάραγος a.o. of Poseidon; on σφαραγ-: σφρᾶγ- cf. e.g. ταραχ-ή: τρᾶχ-ύς, τέτρηχα). For σφραγίς a similar connection with help of Lith. spróga `crevice' (spróg-ti `explode, burst') was suggested by Prellwitz s.v. and Diehl op. cit. 1 f. (from the bursting of the seal(mass) when pressed in). Also Schwyzer 465 connects σφραγίς wit σφαραγέομαι, but referring to Lat. bulla. One might then consider, whether σφραγίς owes its name to the burning and the accompanying sound; cf. on the one hand Russ. pečátь `seal' as `instrument to brand in signs' (to pekú `bake'), on the other hand the expression σφαραγεῦντο `crackling, hissing' (ι 390) of the eye-roots of he Cyclops when the burning hot wood was pressed in. -- Furnée 324 n 7 takes the word as Pre-Greek for its suffix (-ῑδ).Page in Frisk: 2,833Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σφρᾱγίς
-
13 σφρηγίς
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `seal, seal of a state, impression of a seal, signet, seal-ring, cut stone' (IA.), `sealed field-plot' (pap.). -- Extensively on the meaning of σφραγίς J. Diehl Sphragis. Eine semasiologische Nachlese. Diss. Gießen 1938 (w. lit.); also Kenna JHSt.81, 99ff., Kranz RhM 104, 3ff., 97f.Derivatives: Dimin. σφραγίδιον n. (Ar., Thphr., inscr.). Denom. verb σφραγ-ίζω, - ίζομαι, often w. prefix, e.g. ἐπι-, κατα-, συν-, `to provide with a seal, to seal, to signet, to stamp, to confirm' (IA.) with - ισμα ( ἀντι-, ἀπο-, ἐκ-) n. `impression of a seal, sealed document' (E., X., hell. a. late); - ισμός ( ἐπι-, παρα-, περι-) m. `sealing, confirmation' (hell. a. late); ἐν-, ἐπι-σφράγ-ισις m. `sealing' (late); - ιστήριον n. `seal, stamp' (pap.); - ιστής ( ἐπι-, ἀπο-) m. `sealer, witness' (Plu., Luc., pap. a.o.). -- Besides Σφραγίδιον name of a cave ( ἄντρον) of prophesying nymphs on the Kithairon (Paus. 9, 3, 5); there the νύμφαι Σφραγίτιδες Plu. Arist. 11).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (S).Etymology: Formation like κληΐς, κνημίς a.o.; so prob. a secondary deriv. Not certainly explained. For the Σφραγίτιδες νύμφαι Lobeck Paralip. 51 n. 59 assumes attractively connection with σφαραγέομαι referring to the rustling of the sourced ( ἐρι-σφάραγος a.o. of Poseidon; on σφαραγ-: σφρᾶγ- cf. e.g. ταραχ-ή: τρᾶχ-ύς, τέτρηχα). For σφραγίς a similar connection with help of Lith. spróga `crevice' (spróg-ti `explode, burst') was suggested by Prellwitz s.v. and Diehl op. cit. 1 f. (from the bursting of the seal(mass) when pressed in). Also Schwyzer 465 connects σφραγίς wit σφαραγέομαι, but referring to Lat. bulla. One might then consider, whether σφραγίς owes its name to the burning and the accompanying sound; cf. on the one hand Russ. pečátь `seal' as `instrument to brand in signs' (to pekú `bake'), on the other hand the expression σφαραγεῦντο `crackling, hissing' (ι 390) of the eye-roots of he Cyclops when the burning hot wood was pressed in. -- Furnée 324 n 7 takes the word as Pre-Greek for its suffix (-ῑδ).Page in Frisk: 2,833Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σφρηγίς
-
14 προποδισμός
προποδ-ισμός, ὁ,A process, progression, ἀπὸ μονάδος Moderat. ap. Stob.1Coroll.8; ἀριθμός ἐστι π. πλήθους TheoSm.p.18H.;π. εἰς τὸ ὂν τοῦ ἑνός Dam.Pr.67
.II direct motion, of planets, pl., opp. ὑποποδισμοί, Procl.Hyp.7.4; opp. ἀναποδισμοί, Nicom.Ar.1.5, Alex.Aphr.in Metaph.440.7.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προποδισμός
-
15 ἀναποδισμός
ἀναποδ-ισμός, ὁ,A going back, εἰς μονάδα, opp. προποδισμὸς ἀπὸ μονάδος, Moderat. ap. Stob.1 Coroll.8; of the retrograde motion of planets, Vett.Val.226.1, Nicom.Ar.1.5; in pl., opp. προποδισμοί, Alex.Aphr.in Metaph.440.7; generally, reversal of planet's motion, Theo Sm.p.148H.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀναποδισμός
-
16 ἀφορισμός
ἀφορ-ισμός, ὁ,A delimitation, assignment of boundaries, SIG 827F7;γῆς PFreib.11.7
(iv A. D.);θέσεως Simp. in Ph.626.20
.II separation, distinction, Thphr.CP3.14.2;ἀπὸ τοῦ λαοῦ Thd.Is.56.3
: hence, banishment, = Lat.relegatio, Lyd.Mag. 3.17 (pl.), Ost.9c (pl.).3 attainment of definiteness, Thphr.Metaph.28; distinctive character or feature, Alex.Aphr.in Top.74.14.5 fixed rule, Thphr.HP9.2.1.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀφορισμός
-
17 κεῖμαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `lie, be somewhere, happen etc.' (Il.).Other forms: 3. sg. κεῖται, 3. pl. κέαται, Att. κεῖνται, inf. κεῖσθαι etc. (further forms in Schwyzer 679; sehr unsicher myk. ke-ke-me-na)Dialectal forms: Myc. ke-ke-me-na uncertain.Compounds: very often with prefix in diff. meanings, ἀνά-, κατά-, παρά-, ἔγ-, ἔκ-, ἐπί-, σύγ-κειμαι etc.Derivatives: 1. κοῖτος m. `layer, bed, sleep' (Od.), κοίτη f. `id., matrim. bed, nest, parcel, lot' (Od.); often in compp., e. g. ἀπό-, σύγ-, ἡμερό-κοιτος, ἀ-, παρα-κοίτης (cf. on ἀκοίτης). From κοῖτος, κοίτη: κοιτίς f. `box' (Men., J.; cf. Schwyzer 127) with κοιτίδιον `id.' (sch.); κοιτάριον `bed' (sch.); κοιτών m. `sleeping room' (Ar. Fr. 6, hell.) with κοιτώνιον, - ωνίσκος, - ωνίτης, ωνικός ; κοιτατήριον `id.' (Cyrene; cf. ἑστιατήριον s. ἑστία); κοιταῖος `lying on the layer' (Decr. ap. D. 18, 37, Plb.), κοιτάριος `belonging to the bed' ( Edict. Diocl.). Denomin. verb κοιτάζομαι `lay down, nest' (Pi., hell.), - άζω `bring to rest, lay down', also `partition the land' (from κοίτη `parcel'), hell. From here κοιτασία `living together' (LXX), κοιτασμός `folding the cattle' (pap.). - 2. *κοίμη or *κοῖμος with denomin. κοιμάω `lay to rest, put to bed', κοιμάομαι `go to bed' (Il.); from there κοίμησις `lay down, sleep (of death)' (Pl., LXX, NT), κοίμημα `sleep, sleeping with' (S.), κοιμη-τήριον `sleeping room, restplace, burying-place' (inscr.); also κοιμίζω = κοιμάω with κοίμισις, - ισμός, - ιστής, - ιστικός; rater reshaped from κοιμάω. - 3. κειμήλιον n. `valuables, precious thing' (Il.), secondary - ιοι Pl. m. (f.) (Pl. Lg. 931a; apposition of πατέρες η μητέρες); ηλ-derivation of a neuter *κεῖμα (Frisk Eranos 38, 42 a. 41, 52). In the same meaning κεμήλιον (Alc. G 1, 8)? Specht KZ 68, 145 (after *θεμήλιον, θέμηλα); but s. on κεμάς. - Cf. also κῶμα and κώμη. - Verbal derivv.: iterative ( παρε)- κέσκετο (ξ 521, φ 41); desiderative or future forms κείω, κειέμεν, κείοντες etc.; late lengthening κατεκείαθεν κατεκοιμήθη H. (after Hom. μετεκίαθεν); further details in Schwyzer 679, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 322 und 453.Etymology: An exact agreement of the athematic present κεῖται gives Indo-Iranian in Skt. śéte, Av. saēte `lies'; further Hitt. kitta, -ri; uncertain Lyc. sijęni `id.' (Pedersen Lykisch und Hittitisch 17f.). The nominalen t- and m-formations are also found outside Greek: Bret. argud `light sleep' \< *are-ḱoi-to-; Germ., e. g. Goth. haims `village, Heim', Latv. sàime `family', Lith. šeimýna `id.', OCS sěmьja `id.', prob. also Celt., e. g. OIr. cōim `dear'. Other derivv. of the verb in Lat. cīvis, Germ., e. g. Goth. heiwa-frauja `lord of the house', Skt. śéva- `trusty, friendly, dear' as in Arm. sēr `love' with sirem `love'. - Further Pok. 539f., W.-Hofmann s. cīvis. - The verb has full grade in the middle with static inflection: Skt. śay-e, pl. śe-re, without -t-.Page in Frisk: 1,809-810Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κεῖμαι
-
18 κρημνός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `overhanging bank' (Il.).Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. ἀπό-κρημνος `inclined, steep' (IA.), βαθύ-κρημνος `with steep inclination' (Pi.); extens. Strömberg Greek Preflx Studies 34 ff.; rarely as 1. member, e.g. κρημνο-φοβέομαι `be afraid of inclinations' (Hp.).Derivatives: κρημνώδης `slanting' (Th.); ( κατα- etc.) κρημνίζω `have a strong inclination' (Att. etc.), with - ισμός, - ισις (late).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Traditionally considered as an old verbal noun to κρεμάννυμι (s. v.) with ablaut κρημ-: κρεμα-; but this is impossible if the root was * kremh₂- (zero grade *kr̥mh₂- would give *κραμα-). DELG notes that the ē is proven by Pindar, which makes the case even worse: with h₂ we can never get ē. This recalls that there is no evidence for this root outside Greek. This reminds us that there is no explanation of κρίμνημι. Was there an old adj. *κριμνος `slanting'? Or was κρίμνημι just due to κίρνημι? The present κρήμνημι is rather influenced by κρημνός than the other way round. So the form is unexplained.Page in Frisk: 2,15-15Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρημνός
-
19 ὀψέ
Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `after, after a long time, late (in the evening), too late' (Il.).Compounds: Often ὀψι- as 1. member (after ἀγχι-, ἠρι- a.o.), e.g. ὀψί-γονος `late-born, younger' (Il., Hdt., Arist.); also ὀψ-, e.g. ὀψ-αρό-της m. `who ploughs late' (Hes. Op. 490); cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 111 f. As 2. member in ἀπ-οψέ (A. D.), κατ-οψέ (Alex. Trall.) `late (at night)', cf. κατ-όπιν, ἀπο-πρό a.o.Derivatives: 1. ὀψι-αίτερος, - αίτατος (Att.; after παλαίτερος a.o.). 2. ὄψ-ιος `late' (Pi., Arist.) with ὀψιό-της f. (Thphr.), like πρώϊ-ος; - ιμος `id.' (X., hell.), like πρώϊ-μος (through reinterpretation of ὄψιμος `visible' [Β 325]?; s. Arbenz 22 f.); - ινός `id.' (Empire; after ἑωθι-νός a.o.; Chantraine Form. 200 f., Wackernagel Unt. 105 n. 1). 3. ὀψ-ίχα ὀψέ. Βυζάντιοι H. (diminutive like ὁσσ-ίχος a. o.). 4. ὀψ-ία f. `evening' (IA.). 5. ὀψ-ίζω `to be late, to retard' (Lys., X.) with - ισμός m. `delay' (D. H.). On ὀψ-έ with oxytonized -έ there is no agreement. Nearest comes τῆλ-ε (s. v.); cf. - δε, - θε, - σε, - τε (Schwyzer 631).Etymology: To ὄψ-ι agrees ὕψ-ι `in high'. Unenlarged *ὄψ like ἄψ (s.v. w. lit.); identical with Lat. ops- beside op, ob `up(on) -- towards, at -- towards' in o(b)s-tendō a.o. Withou -ς in ὄπισθεν, ὀπίσ(σ)ω, ὀπώρα; s. vv. w. further lit.Page in Frisk: 2,458-459Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀψέ
-
20 πέκω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to comb (oneself), to card, to shear' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. poka \/pokē\/, Killen Par. del Pass. 17, 26ff., DELG.Compounds: Also w. ἀπο-. Compp., z.B. πόκ-υφος m. `wool weaver' (pap. IIa); εἰρο-πόκος (s. εἶρος), εὔ-ποκος `with fair wool' (A.); with referenc to the verb νεό-ποκος `newly shorn' ( μαλλός, S.).Derivatives: 1. πόκος m. `plucked, shorn off sheep's wool, fleece' (Μ 451, hell.). ποκ-άριον ( Sammelb. III--IVp), - άδες pl. f. `lock or tuft of wool or hair' (Ar.), Πόκιος m. "shearing month", Locr. monthname (inscr.); verbs: ποκ-ίζομαι `to shear wool' (Theoc.) with - ισμός, - ιστί (pap.); - άζω `id.' (sch., Suid.); - όομαι `to be covered like with a fleece' (AP). 2. πόκτος m. `id.' ( Lyr. Adesp. 73, Hdn.), like φόρτος (Schwyzer 704 n. 6), if not to πεκτέω. 3. πέκος n. `id.' (An. Ox. 3, 358), πεῖκος ἔριον, ξάμμα H. (cf. πείκ-ετε, - ειν above). 4. πεκτήρ (Suid.), ποκτήρ (pap. IIp; after πόκος) m. `shearer'. -- Enlarged form πεκ-τέω `id.' (Ar.; not πέκτω, Peruzzi Par. del Pass. 18, 396 n. 2); on the formation Schwyzer 705f. -- On κτείς s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [797] *peḱ- `pluck, card'Etymology: Identical with Lith. pešù, pèšti `pluck, pull out, drew by the hairs'; the τ-enlargement in πεκτ-έω also in Lat. pectō `comb, card'; formal = Gerrn., e.g. OHG fehtan ' fech-ten' (prop. *'pluck each other'?). The very rare πέκος agrees phonetically with Lat. pecus n. `cattle, small cattle, sheep', which would be therefore a concretized verbal abstract (Porzig Satzinhalte 292; also Specht KZ 66, 36f.). The old widespread u-stem in Lat. pecu n., Germ., e.g. OHG fihu n., Skt. páśu- n., -úḥ m. etc. `cattle' is wanting in Greek; on the other hand πόκος is isolated, so prob. innovation. IE o -vowel also in Arm. asr, gen. asu `sheepwool, fleece' (IE *poḱu-). OWNo. fær, OSwed. fār n. `sheep', often equated with πόκος, is uncertain. -- Orig. meaning prob. `pluck, card', from where `shear, comb' (diff. Peruzzi Par. del Pass. l.c. n. 3 against Specht KZ 68, 206). -- WP. 2, 16f., Pok. 797, W.-Hofmann s. pectō and pecū, Fraenkel s. pèšti `pluck' w. further forms a. rich lit.Page in Frisk: 2,492-493Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πέκω
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
-ισμός — (ΑΜ ισμός) παρεκτεταμένος τ. τής κατάλ. μός, η οποία σχηματίζει μεταρρηματικά παρ. (πρβλ. πνιγ μός < πνίγ ω, συρ μός < σύρ ω) από το θ. σε ισ τού αορ. τών ρ. σε ίζω (πρβλ. εξ ε φόβ ισ α < εκ φοβ ισ μός, χώρ ισ α > χωρ ισ μός). Η κατάλ … Dictionary of Greek
σουν(ν)ισμός — ο, Ν ο μεγαλύτερος από τους δύο μεγάλους κλάδους τού ισλαμισμού, που αναγνωρίζει τους τέσσερεις πρώτους χαλίφες ως νόμιμους διαδόχους τού Μωάμεθ, θεωρεί ως σημαντικό και πρωταρχικό στοιχείο τις απόψεις και τα έθιμα τής πλειονότητας τής κοινότητας … Dictionary of Greek
πασιφισμός — (από το λατινικό pax, ειρήνη). Σύνολο πολιτικών θεωριών και κινημάτων που, πιστεύοντας ότι η σταθερή ειρήνη είναι σκοπός θεμελιώδους σημασίας για την ανθρωπότητα, επιδιώκουν τη θεωρητική επεξεργασία και την πρακτική εφαρμογή των μέσων που… … Dictionary of Greek
περσοναλισμός — (από το λατινικόpersona= πρόσωπο). Προσανατολισμός της σκέψης, ο οποίος αμφισβητεί το κύρος των γενικών λογικών αρχών, ως νόμων της αντικειμενικής πραγματικότητας, και προβάλλει την αξία της ανθρώπινης προσωπικότητας ως προνομιακού χώρου… … Dictionary of Greek
-ιστής — (ΑΜ ιστής) παρεκτεταμένος τ. τής κατάλ. τής, η οποία στα μεταρρηματικά παράγωγά της δηλώνει τον δράστη μιας ενέργειας (πρβλ. ποιώ > ποιη τής, πολιτεύομαι > πολιτευ τής) από το θ. σε –ισ τού αορ. πολλών ρ. (συνήθως σε ίζω), πρβλ. ῥαίω… … Dictionary of Greek
σουφισμός — Ο ισλαμισμός «μυστικισμός» (από την αραβική λέξη σουφ=μαλλί), επειδή οι πρώτοι μουσουλμάνοι ασκητές φορούσαν ενδυμασία από χοντρό μάλλινο ύφασμα). Το σημαντικότερο κέντρο των ισλαμικών ασκητομυστικιστικών τάσεων υπήρξε το Ιράκ και ιδιαίτερα η… … Dictionary of Greek
κοινωνισμός — ο παλαιός όρος που χρησιμοποιήθηκε αντί τού όρου σοσιαλισμός*. [ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Κοινων ισμός (αντί τού ορθτ. *κοινωνικ ισμός ως απόδοση τού γαλλ. social isme) < θ. κοινων τού κοινων ικός + κατάλ. ισμός (πρβλ. εθνικ ισμός, κομμουν ισμός). Η λ.… … Dictionary of Greek
αθλητισμός — Η επίδοση στα αθλήματα, η εκγύμναση του σώματος. Με μια ειδικότερη έννοια, ο όρος αναφέρεται σε ένα σύνολο αθλημάτων, που ξεκινούν από τις φυσικές σωματικές ασκήσεις του ανθρώπου (βάδισμα, τρέξιμο, άλματα, ρίψεις). Αρχικά, ήταν η συστηματική… … Dictionary of Greek
δάνειο — Οτιδήποτε (συνήθως χρηματικό ποσό) κάποιος δίνει ή λαμβάνει, με συμφωνία επιστροφής· ο όρος χρησιμοποιείται κυρίως σε οικονομικές συναλλαγές, αλλά απαντάται επίσης μεταφορικά και σε άλλες περιπτώσεις. (Γλωσσ.) Γλωσσικό δ. καλείται το πέρασμα ενός … Dictionary of Greek
πολιτισμός — Με το γενικό όρο «πολιτισμός» στη γλώσσα μας υποδηλώνονται δύο έννοιες, για τις οποίες οι άλλες ευρωπαϊκές γλώσσες διαθέτουν ξεχωριστούς όρους:civilisationκαι culture. Αλλά κι εκεί, παρότι οι όροι είναι διαχωρισμένοι, τα όρια των δύο εννοιών δεν… … Dictionary of Greek
Ελλάδα - Γλώσσα — ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗΣ ΓΛΩΣΣΑΣ Η ελληνική γλώσσα είναι μια από τις αρχαιότερες γλώσσες στον κόσμο και οπωσδήποτε η παλαιότερη ζωντανή γλώσσα στην Ευρώπη. Σε αντίθεση με άλλες αρχαίες γλώσσες που χάθηκαν μαζί με τους λαούς που τις μιλούσαν, όπως η… … Dictionary of Greek