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1 κάλαμος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `reed', often metaph. of objects made of reed, `flute of reed, fishing rod, writing teed' etc. (h. Merc. 47 [cf. Zumbach Neuerungen 5], Pi., IA.); on the botanical meaning Strömberg Theophrastea 100f.Compounds: Several compp., esp. in the botan. terminology (Strömberg Theophrastea 112), z. B. μονο-κάλαμος `with single stalk' (Thphr.), καλαμη-φόρος `with reed' (X. HG 2, 1, 2; v. l. -o-; cf. Schwyzer 526), καλαμη-τόμος `cutting off stalks' (A. R.).Derivatives: καλάμη f. `stalk or straw' (Hom., Hdt., X., Arist.).- Diminut. καλαμίσκος (Ar., medic.), καλάμιον (pap.); καλαμίς f. name of several objects made of reed (hell.; cf. Chantraine Formation 342f.); καλαμία (- εία) `reed' (pap.; collective); καλαμών `id.' (lit. pap.); καλαμάριον `reed-case' (pap.). - καλαμεύς `fisher' (Pankrat. ap. Ath.; cf. Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 75); also καλαμευτής `id.' (AP; as if from *καλαμεύω, cf. Chantraine 318); καλαμίτης `with κάλαμος etc.' (D.; s. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 81f.). - καλάμινος `made of reed' (IA.), καλαμόεις `of reed' (E. in lyr.), καλαμώδης `full of reed, reed-like' (Arist., Thphr.), καλαμικός `id.' (pap.). - καλαμόω `provide with reed, bind (a bone) with reed' (Gal.) with καλαμωτή `fence of r.' (Eust.,H.); καλαμίζω `blow a reed-flute' (Ath.). - From καλάμη: καλαμαία f. kind of grasshopper (Theoc. 10, 18), καλαμαῖον n. kind of cicade (Paus. Gr., H.) cf. Gil Emerita 25, 315f.; cf. Georgacas Glotta 31, 216), καλαμάομαι `collect grain-stalks, gather ears (of corn) ' (Kratin., LXX, Plu.) with καλάμημα (Thd.).Etymology: Old word for `reed, straw' wit forms in Latin ( culmus), in Germanic, e. g. OHG halm, in Baltic and Slavic, e. g. OPr. salme `straw', Latv. salms, Russ. solóma, Serb. slȁma. All forms except κάλαμος, - μη can go back to IE. *ḱolh₂mo-, ḱolh₂mā-; therefore κάλαμος has been explained from *κόλαμος (cf. ποταμός, πλόκ-αμος), through assimilation; but note on - μος, - μη Porzig Satzinhalte 283f. But the form may have been * klh₂-em-. - From κάλαμος Lat. calamus (s. Ernout-Meillet) like Skt. kaláma- `writing reed', and Arab. qalam \> Osman. kalém \> NGr. καλέμι (Maidhof Glotta 10, 11). - More forms in W.-Hofmann s. culmus, calamus, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. solóma, Pok. 612.Page in Frisk: 1,760-761Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάλαμος
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2 καυλός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `shaft, stalk, quillpart of a feather' (Il.; on the botan. a. anatom. meaning Strömberg Theophrastea 95ff. und 49).Compounds: Often as 2. member, e. g. μονό-καυλος (Thphr.; Strömberg 104f.), rarely as 1. member, a. o. in καυλο-κινάρα `the shaft of the artichoke' (Gp.; s. Strömberg Wortstudien 7).Derivatives: Two diminut.: καυλίον (Arist.), καυλίσκος (J., D. S., Dsc.); καυλεῖον = καυλός (Nic.; after ἀγγεῖον a. o.); καυλίας `sap of the shaft' (Thphr.; as ῥιζίας `root-sap', cf. Strömberg Theophrastea 91, Chantraine Formation 94f.); καυλίνης fish-name = χλωρὸς κωβιός (Diph. Siph. ap. Ath. 8, 355c; after the colour, Strömberg Fischnamen 26; formation like Αἰσχίνης); καυλικός, καυλώδης `stem-like' (Thphr.), καύλινος `consisting of a shaft' (Luc.), καυλωτός `with a stem' (Eudem. Phil. IVa; as αὑλωτός etc.); καυληδόν `shaft for shaft' (Opp.). Denomin. verb καυλίζομαι `have a shaft' (Ar. Fr. 404). δικαυλέω `have two shafts', ἐκκαυλέω `grow out in one shaft' with ἐκκαύλησις, - ημα, ἐκκαυλίζω `remove the shaft' (Thphr.) from virtual *δι-καυλος, *ἔκ-καυλος etc. and ( καυλέω only Suid.).Etymology: Old inherited word, also in Latin and in Baltic: Lat. caulis m. `shaft' (i-stem sec., s. Leumann Lat. Gramm. 232); Lith. káulas `bone, cube', Latv. kaũls `id.', also `shaft', Pruss. caulan `bone'; derived MIr. cuaille `pole' (\< *kaulīni̯o-). Not to Skt. kulyā́ `ditch, canal' and Germ. word for `hollow, hohl', ONord. holr, Goth. us-hulōn `hollow out'. See W.-Hofmann s. caulis and Fraenkel s. káulas.Page in Frisk: 1,802-803Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καυλός
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3 κριθή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `barley-corns', usu. pl. `barley' (Il.); also metaph. = `pustule on the eyelid' (medic.; Strömberg Theophrastea 192, Wortstudien 63). On the meaning of κριθή, πυρός, σῖτος Moritz Class. Quart. 49 (N. S. 5) 129ff.Other forms: Short form κρῖ n., s. below.Compounds: Compp., e.g. κριθό-πυρον n. `mix of barley and wheat' (pap.; cf. on διόσπυρον), εὔκριθος `rich in barley' (Theoc., AP). --Derivatives: Diminut.: κριθίον (Luc., Longos), κριθίδιον, also `decoction of barley' (Hp., Posidon.), κριθάριον (pap.). Further substantives: κριθαία `barley-soup' (Hom. Epigr. 15,7; after ἁλμαία a.o., Chantraine Formation 86); κριθανίας m. name of a kind of wheat (Theophr. HP 8, 2, 3 beside σιτανίας; after νεανίας? Strömberg Theophrastea 91; s. also Chantraine 94). Adjectives: κρίθινος `of barley' (Ion., hell.), κριθάμινος `id.' (Polyaen.; after σησάμινος), κριθικός `consisting of barley' (pap.), κριθώδης `like barley, full of barley-corns' (Hp.). Denomin. verbs: κριθάω `feed oneself with barley' (A., S.), also κριθιάω (Arist.; after the verbs of disease in - ιάω, Schwyzer 732) with κριθίασις `surfeit caused by over-feeding with barley' (X.); κριθίζω `feed with barley' (Aesop., Babr.). - GN Κριθώτη (- ωτή) name of a land-tongue in Acarnania (Krahe IF 48, 223ff.). Surname Κρίθων (H.) from κριθή = πόσθη (Ar. Pax 965); Schulze KZ 29, 263 = Kl. Schr. 308.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: The enlarged form κριθ-ή points to an original root noun *κρῑθ, from where ep. κρῖ n. (Il.), only nom. a. acc. (cf. Egli Heteroklisie 12). - The attempts to connect κρῖ with the western words for `barley', Lat. hordeum, OHG gersta, which are in themeselves not quite clear, have not given a convincing result. The for hordeum and Gerste supposed basic forms, IE. *ghr̥zd(h)-, resp. * gherzd-, would have given Gr. *χραζ- or *χρασθ- \> *κρασθ-, resp. *χερδ- (*χερθ- \> *κερθ-). κρι agrees better with Alb. drith, -ë `barley, wheat', of which - ri- may come from IE. -r̥-. Also Arm. gari, gen. garwoy `wheat' (formally = IE. *ghr̥i̯o-) reminds of κρῖ; a similar word appears in Georgian, Grusin. qeri `barley', cf. Deeters IF 56, 140 f. Whether κρῖ goes back directly on an IE. basis, remains somewhat uncertain; perhaps we have to do with a Wanderwort. Also Egyptian origin has been considered (Schwyzer 61, Debrunner Eberts Reallex. 4, 525). -Attempts, to analyse κρι in Walde KZ 34, 528, Schwyzer 352; overtaken combinations in Wood Mod. Phil. 1, 240 (to OE grotan, Engl. groats), Persson Stud. 103. Details in Pok. 446, W.-Hofmann s. hordeum; cf Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 389, Porzig Gliederung 209. - So we stop at a (Pre-Greek?) form *krīt.Page in Frisk: 2,18-19Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κριθή
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4 μόσχος 1
μόσχος 1Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `offshoot of plants, slip' (Λ 105, Thphr.), `stalk of a leaf' (Dsc.; cf. Strömberg Theophrastea 116); m. a. f. `young cow, heifer, calf', also of other young animals and (metaph.) of young men (Hdt., com.. E., pap.).Compounds: As 1. member almost only = `calf', e.g. μοσχο-τρόφος `raising calves' (pap.), μοσχό-ταυρος m. prop. `bull as old as a μόσχος', i.e. `bull-calf' (Al. Le. 4, 3), hardly (Strömberg Wortstudien 6) with inversion of the elements for μόσχος ταύρειος; as 2. member only in μονό-μοσχος `with one stalk' (Dsc.).Derivatives: 1. Diminut.: μοσχ-ίδιον `small shoot' (Ar., Ael.), - ίον `young calf' (Ephipp., Theoc.), - άριον `id.' (LXX, pap.). -- 2. subst.: μοσχ-άς, - άδος f. `shoot, slip' (Pamphylian; after φυτάς a.o., Chantraine Form. 353), also `heifer' (gloss.); - ίας -n. `young of a animal' (Poll.; as νεανίας a.o.); - ών, - ῶνος m. `calf-stable' (pap.); -ῆ f. `calf's skin' (Anaxandr.). -- 3. Adj.: μόσχ-(ε)ιος `of a calf' (E., X., Plb., AP); - ινος `of calf-leather' (pap.), - ίναι οἱ σκιρτητικοί H. -- 4. Adv.: μοσχ-ηδόν `like calves' (Nic.). -- 5. Verb: μοσχεύω `plant a root-shoot' (D., Thphr., D. H.), also `raise a calf' (Philostr.), with μοσχ-εία f. `planting of shoots' (Ph. Byz.), - ευσις f. `id.' (Gp.), - ευμα n. `shoot, offspring' (Thphr., pap.), - ευματικός = malleolaris (gloss.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [750] *mosǵho- `young of an animal'Etymology: To μοσχίον agrees exactly Arm. mozi, gen. - voy `calf'; in both languages there came to Gr.-Arm. *mozǵhos a i̯o-deriv. The old but rare meaning`shoot of a plant' can without difficulty be understood as metaphor (cf. Strömberg Theophrastea 50 f.; not right on μόσχος ibd. 52). The comparison μόσχος `shoot of a plant' = Lith. mãzgas `knob of a tree' (Fick 1, 518 u.a.), where μόσχος `calf' together with Arm. mozi would have to be separated, is unnecessary, as the meaning `knob' originated from `round, hard raising, knob' (to mègsti `knot'). Old combinations in Bq, WP. 2, 308 f., Güntert Reimwortbildungen 147 f. Further Schwyzer 541. -- Here also the PN Μόσχοι ("youngmen") with Brandenstein Sprachgesch. und Wortbed. 82?Page in Frisk: 2,259Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μόσχος 1
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5 ἀκρεμών
ἀκρεμών, - όνοςGrammatical information: m.Other forms: accent after Hdn. Gr. 1, 33; mss. mostly - έμωνOrigin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The old etymology with ἄκρος is improbable, the formation unclear (Chantr. Form. 172f.). That κρεμών (Eratosth.) would be due to κρεμάννυμι is most improbable. It is, like the etymology, a desperate attempt to reduce the word to known elements. Fur. 115 adduces ἀγρεμών κάμαξ (`pole, shaft'), λαμπάς, δόρυ H. These facts show that it is a substr. word.Page in Frisk: 1,58Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀκρεμών
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6 βολβός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `onion; purse-tassels, Muscari comosum' (Att., Arist.).Derivatives: βολβίον (Hp.), βολβάριον (Epict.), βολβίσκος (AP) `small onion'. - From βολβός the plant βολβίνη (Thphr., s. Strömberg Theophrastea 86). - On the fishnames βολβίδιον, βολβίτιον, βολβιτίνη see βόλβιτον; also βολβῖτις, βολβιτίς. See Thompson Fishes 33; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 174 A. 1; Redard Noms grecs en - της 85. -Origin: ONOM [onomatopoia, and other elementary formations]Etymology: The form of the word is expressive, soundsymbolic, with a kind of reduplication. No direct relatives. Reminds of words for round, globular objects, like Lat. bulla `waterbubble', βυλλά βεβυσμένα H., Lith. bur̃bulas `waterbubble' etc., cf. βομβυλίς s. βόμβος; Arm. boɫk `radish' (Skt. bálba-ja- m. kind of grass, `Eleusine indica', orig. `balba-born' is less adequate); cf. Pok. 103; W.-Hofmann s. bulbus. Cf. βῶλος. (Lat. bulbus is a LW [loanword]).Page in Frisk: 1,249-250Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βολβός
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7 γεράνδρυον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `old tree-trunk' (Thphr.)Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: A hellenistic innovation, substantivized γεράνδρυος (Thphr. etc.), after μελάν-δρυον `heartwood' (Thphr.; vgl. τὸ μέλαν δρυός ξ 14), s. Strömberg Theophrastea 99; also γεράνδρυες H. from δρῦς.See also: s. γέρων.Page in Frisk: 1,299Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γεράνδρυον
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8 γηθυλλίς
γηθυλλίς, - ίδοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: name of an onion (Epich.); (cf. Strömberg Theophrastea 84).Other forms: γήθυον n. (Ar.), γήτειον n. (Ar.), κητίον (Cratin.), γαιθυλλάδαι Η. Fur. 187, 253 further adds γάθια ἀλλάντια H., ἀγασυλλίς (Dsc. 3, 84. ἀγαθίς = σησαμίς H.Dialectal forms: Dor. γᾱθυλλίςOrigin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Kalén GHÅ 24 (1918): 1, 103ff. analyses γη-θυλλίς as `Erdsäckel'; also γήθυον as *θύον `sacculus'; a most remarkable etymology (discussed seriously by the etym. dictionaries!). It does not account for γήτειον. θ after γηθέω (DELG) is the wrong kind of `explaining away' facts. Evidently a Pre-Greek name (Fur. ll.cc.; note α\/αι, θ\/σ).Page in Frisk: 1,304Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γηθυλλίς
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9 γίγαρτον
Grammatical information: n.Derivatives: γιγαρτίς σταφίς H., γιγαρτώδης `stone-like' (Thphr.); γιγαρτώνιον `unripe grape' (Dsc.)Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Reduplicated formation. Often connected with Lat. grānum, NHG Korn, Kern, which is formally improbable. Rather un-IE, i.e. a Pre-Greek word..Page in Frisk: 1,305Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γίγαρτον
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10 γόνυ
Grammatical information: n.Other forms: Gen. (*γόνϜ-ατος \>) γόνατος, ep. Ion. γούνατος, ep. also γουνός (\< *γονϜ-ός), pl. γόνατα, γούνατα, ep. also γοῦναDerivatives: γονατώδης `with joints' (Thphr.); denom. γουνάζομαι `clasp the knees' (as suppliant) (Il.) with γούνασμα (Lyc.), γουνασμός (Eust.), also γουνόομαι `id.'; γονατόομαι `get joints' (Thphr.), γονατίζω `bend the knee' (Cratin.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [380] ǵenu, ǵonu `knee'Etymology: Old word for `knee'. Skt. jā́nu, Av. zānu-drājah-, MPers. zānūk (PIE. *o, long through Brugmann's law); Hitt. genu, Lat. genū, Toch. A kanw-eṃ, B kenīne `(both) knees' (du.), Arm. cun-r, pl. cun-g-k`; note the zero grade in Av. žnu-byas-čit_ (dat. pl.; cf. γνύ-ξ); from *ǵneu- (from the gen. *ǵneu-s), e.g. Goth. kniu (PGm. *kneu̯-a-, PIE. *ǵneu̯-o-. - On Hom. θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται Schwyzer Άντίδωρον 283ff. - Cf. ἰγνύη. On γνύξ (with πρόχνυ) and γωνία s.vv.Page in Frisk: 1,321Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γόνυ
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11 δαίω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `kindle',Other forms: intr. perf. δέδηα `burn', ptc. δεδαυμένος (Semon. 30 B), δάηται (Υ 316, Φ 375), aor. δαῆναι, ἐκδαβῃ̃ (= -Ϝῃ̃) ἐκκαυθῃ̃. Λάκωνες H. (Il.).Compounds: Compp. ἀνα- (A.) κατα- (H.). θεσπι-δᾰές ( πῦρ, Μ 177 etc.) `flaming godlike' (rather to aor. δαῆναι then to δάος?). δᾳδοῦχος `holding a torch'.Derivatives: δάος n. (\< *δάϜος) `torch' (Hom.) with δᾱνός \< *δαϜεσ-νός `good for a torch, dry' (ο 322, Ar. Pax 1134 [lyr.]). δᾱλός m. `fire-brand' (Il.) \< *δᾰϜελός (= δαβελός δαλός. Λάκωνες H.), δαελός (Sophr.); *δάϜος:* δαϜελ-ός like νέφος: νεφέλ-η; further δαῦλον ἡμίφλεκτον ξύλον H. Demin. δᾱλίον (Ar.); δᾱλός also = μελάνουρος ἰχθύς H. (from the light-organs, Strömberg Fischnamen 55f., or because of the black tail?), metaph. `burnt out = old man' (AP), with hypocoristic gemination δαλλώ ἡ ἀπόπληκτος. οἱ δε την ἔξωρον παρθένον η γυναῖκα καὶ πρεσβυτέραν H. δαΐς (\< *δαϜίς), - ίδος, Att. δᾳς, δᾳδός (s. below) f. `torch' (Il.), from where the demin. δᾳδίον (Ar.), δᾳδίς `torch-feast' (Luc.), δᾳδινος `to the torch, of pine-wood' (Gal.), δᾳδώδης `resinous' (Thphr., Plut.) to δᾳς `fire-brand', `disease in pines, resin-glut' (Thphr.); δᾳδόομαι `become afflicted with resin-glut' with δᾳδωσις (Thphr.), s. Strömberg Theophrastea 167. δαύακες θυμάλωπες H., cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 118, Grošelj Živa Ant. 2, 206. δαερόν μέλαν. καὶ τὸ καιόμενον H., perh. also Emp. 90 for δαλερός. δαηρόν θερμόν, καυματηρόν, λαμπρόν, προφανές H. δαηθμόν ἐμπρησμόν H., on the formation s. Chantr. Form. 137f.; Latte with Voß for it δαιθμόν. δαῦκος ὁ θρασύς. καὶ βοτάνη τις Κρητική H., s. s. v. Here also δαΐ `in battle' \< *δαϜ-ί, loc. of a root noun *δαῦς (Schwyzer 578)?.Etymology: As shown by δεδαυμένος, δαίω is from *δαϜ-ι̯ω. From metathesized (cf Kor. ΔιδαίϜων) *δαίϜω originates Att. δᾳς (δᾱις \< *δαιϜ-ις). The perfect δέδηα \< *δέ-δᾱϜ-α resembles Skt. du-dāv-a (gramm.), to which present du-nó-ti `burn'. Further Skt. forms in Pok. 179f. So IE *d(e)h₂u̯-? Further perhaps OIr. dōim `burn', OHG zuscen `id.'. See δύη; and δήϊος.Page in Frisk: 1,342-343Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δαίω
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12 δολιχός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `long' (Il.).Compounds: Often as first member of compounds; note δολιχό-σκιος of ἔγχος (Hom.), `with a long shadow'.Derivatives: With regular accent change (Schwyzer 420) δόλιχος m. `the long course', (Att. etc.) with δολιχεύω `run a long course', δολιχεύς `long course runner' (Sparta IIp); on δόλιχος as plant name (Thphr.) s. Strömberg Theophrastea 107 n. 1, Pflanzennamen 24. Lengthened poet. form with metrical lengthening δουλιχόεις (AP); PlN Δολιχίστη island before Lycia, prop. superlative, and Δουλίχιον island in the Ionic Sea (Hom.), cf. Seiler Steigerungsformen 101.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [196] *d(e)lh₁gʰó- `long'Etymology: Old IE word for `long', in: Skt. dīrghá-, Av. darǝγa-, OCS dlъgъ, Serb. dȕg, Lith. (with unexplained loss of d-) ìlgas, Hitt. dalugi-. From *dl̥H-gho-; δολιχ- (and dalug-) have unexplained vowel (s. Schwyzer 278, Specht Ursprung 126, Locker Glotta 22, 59, Kronasser Vgl. Laut- und Formenlehre des Heth. 42). Here also Lat. indulgeō `be kind, indulgent' and Germ., e. g. Goth. tulgus `fest, steadfast' are connected, as well as Alb. glatë, gjatë `long' (with sec. -të?). - To δολιχός belongs ἐνδελεχής `continuous' (Att. etc.) with ἐνδελέχεια, ἐνδελεχέω, - ίζω, - ισμός (like ἐν-τελής, ἐμ-μελής etc.). - Another word for `long' in westeuropean languages with Lat. longūs, Goth. laggs etc. A supposed * dlongo- cannot bridge the difference, in spite of MPers. drang, NPers. dirang. See Porzig Gliederung 123f., 190f.Page in Frisk: 1,406-407Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δολιχός
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13 ἐλαίαγνος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: name of a shrub, Salix Capra (Thphr. HP 4, 10, 1; 2; Boeot.;.).Other forms: ἐλέ- HOrigin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Determinative compoond from ἐλαία and ἄγνος (s. v.); ? Cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 305 and Strömberg Theophrastea 72.Page in Frisk: 1,480Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐλαίαγνος
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14 ἐλέφᾱς
ἐλέφᾱς, - αντοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `ivory, elefant-tooth' (Il.; cf. Treu Philol. 99, 149ff.), `elefant' (Hdt.), also as the name of a disease = ἐλεφαντίασις, s. Strömberg Theophrastea 193.Compounds: As 1. member in both meanings, ἐλεφαντό-πους `with ivory feet' (Pl. Com.), ἐλέφᾱς - μάχος `fighting elephants' (Str.).Derivatives: Diminut. ἐλεφαντίσκιον `young elephant' (Ael.); adj. ἐλεφάντινος `of ivory' (Alc., Att.), - ίνεος `id.' (inscr.; on the formation Chantr. Form. 203), ἐλεφάντ-ειος `belonging to an elephant' (Dsc., Opp.), - ώδης `elephant-like' (Mediz.), - ιωδής `suffering from eleph.' (medic.); subst. ἐλεφαντιστής `elephant-driver' (Arist.), also `shield from elephant-skin' (App.; example?), ἐλεφαντεύς `ivory-worker' (pap.). Denomin. ἐλεφαντ-ιάω `suffer from eleph.' (Phld., medic.) with - ίασις, also - ιασμός (EM); - όω `with ivory inlays' with - ωτός (nscr.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Egypt.Etymology: Like Lat. ebur ἐλέφας is a foreigm word. The final (except the ντ-suffix) recalls like Lat. eb-ur an Egypt. āb(u), Copt. εβ(ο)υ `elephant, ivory', Skt. íbha- `elephant'; the begin recurs in Hamit. eḷu `elephant' (from where through Egypt. [p- Art.] Pers. pīl, Arab. fīl); details remain unclear. - From ἐλέφας Lat. elephās, elephantus, from there the Germanic and Romance forms. W.-Hofmann s. ebur, Lokotsch Et. Wb. d. europ. Wörter orient. Ursprungs Nr. 605, Mayrhofer Wb. s. íbhaḥ2, Feist Vgl. Wb. d. got. Spr. s. ulbandus. - Wrong Kretschmer WienAkAnz. 1951: 21, 307ff.: to ἐλεφαίρομαι as "destroyer" (orig. connected with the Mammoth), s. Mayrhofer Stud. z. idg. Grundsprache 44f.Page in Frisk: 1,493-494Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐλέφᾱς
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15 ἕλκω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `draw, drag' (Il.).Other forms: The non-present forma show three stems: 1. a lengthened stem ἑλκη-: ἑλκήσω, ἑλκῆσαι, ἑλκηθῆναι (Hom.), with ipf. εἵλκεον (Ρ 395; cf. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 348; s. also below); 2. ἑλκυ- (after synonymous ἐρῠ́-σαι): ἑλκύσαι (Pi., Att.), ἑλκυσθῆναι, εἵλκυσμαι (Ion.-Att.), ἑλκύσω (Hp.), εἵλκυκα (D.); 3. ἑλκ-: fut. ἕλξω (A.) and late ἕλξαι, ἑλχθῆναι; details in Schwyzer 721.Compounds: Often with prefix: ἀν-, ἀφ-, ἐξ-, παρ- etc. As 1. member in the epithets ἑλκε-χίτωνες, ἑλκεσί-πεπλος, and ἑλκε-τρίβων (Pl.), ἑλκεσί-χειρος (AP); on ἑλκε(σι)- Knecht Τερψίμβροτος 29.Derivatives: From ἑλκ-: ( ἔφ-)ἕλξις `drawing, dragging' (Hp., Pl.) with ( ἐφ-)ἑλκτικός (Pl.) and the pant names ἑλξί̄νη, ἑλξῖτις `bindweed' (Dsc., Ps.-Dsc., Redard Les noms grecs en - της 71), also ἑλκίνα (Ps.-Dsc. 4, 85; acc.?), ἕλκιμος `what can be drawn' (Olymp. in Mete. 320, 27; cf. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 76, directly from ἑλκω); with ο-vocalism ὁλκός, ὁλκή, s. v. From ἑλκη- (old but rare) ἑλκηθμός `the drawing' (Ζ 465; cf. Benveniste Origines 201, Porzig Satzinhalte 236f.), ἕλκημα `what was dragged, booty' (E. HF 568; Chantr. Form. 178), ἕλκηθρον `coulter' (Thphr. HP 5, 7, 6; Strömberg Theophrastea 170); ἑλκητήρ `drawer' (AP 6, 297); ἑλκηδόν adv. `drawing' (Hes. Sc. 302). From ἑλκυ-, mostly late: ( ἀφ-, ἐφ-, παρ-)ἕλκυσις `the drawing' (LXX, Aret.), ἕλκυσμα = ἕλκημα (Man.), also `dross (of silver)' (Dsc., Gal.), ( ἐξ-, ἐφ-, δι-.) ἑλκυσμός `attraction etc.' (Chrysipp., medic., pap.); ἑλκυστήρ `drawer', `instrument for drawing out etc.' (Hp.), ἕλκυστρον `id.' (Apollod. Poliork.); ἑλκύσιμος, ἑλκυστήριος; sec. verb ἑλκυστάζω `draw' (Ψ 187 = Ω 21), expressive form after ῥυστάζω (Schwyzer 706, Risch 257).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [901] * selk-`draw'Etymology: No cognate. An old iterative in Alb. helq, heq `draw (off)', IE *solkei̯ō; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 236f. Further Toch. B sälk- `draw out' with the nasal present slaṅk-tär; and Arm. heɫg `tardus, slow' (a-stem), Lat. sulcus `furrow', s. ὁλκός. - (Not to ἄλοξ.)Page in Frisk: 1,497-498Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἕλκω
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16 ἔντερα
Grammatical information: n. pl.Meaning: `intestines, bowels', also sg. `gut' (Il.).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in ἐντερο-κήλη `breach of the intestines, Hernia' (Dsc., Gal.; s. Risch IF 59, 285, Strömberg Wortstudien 69).Derivatives: Deminut. ἐντερίδια (Com.); also ἐντέριον (M. Ant. 6, 13?; form and meaning uncertain); ἐντεριώνη `inside of a fruit, heart-wood of a plant, a tree' (Hp., Thphr.; Strömberg Theophrastea 127f.); formation as ἰασιώνη, εἰρεσιώνη (Chantraine Formation 208); ἐντερόνεια (Ar. Eq. 1185) meaning unclear; acc. to H. and Suid. = ἐντεριώνη; adjectives ἐντερικός `of the ἔ.' (Arist.), ἐντέρινος `made from bowels' (Sch.); denomin. verb ἐντερεύω `take out fishes' (Kom.).Etymology: Old word for intestines identical with Arm. ǝnder-k`, -ac̣ pl. (Gr. LW [loanword]?, Hübschmann Armen. Gramm. 1, 447f.), identical with OWNo. iđrar pl. (PGm. * inÞerōz). The original adjectivial meaning in Skt. ántara-, Av. antara- `being inside', with Osc. Entraí dat. sg. *`Interae', name of a goddess; in Latin replaced by interior. IE * h₁enter-o, adjective from an adv. * enter, preserved in Skt. antár `inside', Lat. inter `between'. Besides OHG untar, Osc. anter `under' = `between' from the zero grade *n̥ter; further see Pok. 313, W.-Hofmann s. inter, interior, Ernout-Meillet s. in. - The basis is the adverb *en (s. ἔν) with the comparative-suffix - ter; s. Benveniste Noms d'agent 120f.Page in Frisk: 1,524-525Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔντερα
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17 ἐρῑνεός
ἐρῑνεόςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `wild fig-tree, Ficus caprificus' (Il., Hes., Arist.), (opposite συκῆ; cf. Strömberg Theophrastea 166 n. 1).Other forms: ἐρινός m. (Stratt., Theoc., Delos etc.; cf. ἀδελφεός: - φός), Att. also ἐρινεώς (Delos, Com.; after other tree-names in - εώς; Wackernagel Akzent 32 n. 1 = Kl. Schr. 2, 1101 n. 1)Derivatives: ἐρινεόν, - νόν `wild fig' (Com., Arist., Thphr.); to ἐριν(ε)ός: - ν(ε)όν Wackernagel Syntax 2, 17, Schwyzer-Debrunner 30; ἐρινάς f. = ἐρινεός (Nic.; like κοτινάς a. o.; Chantraine Formation 353); adjective ἐρίνεος, - νοῦς `belonging to a fig-tree' (Epich., E.), ἐρινεώδης `full of fig-trees' (Str.); denomin. verb ἐρινάζω `caprificate (?, see LSJ) with ἐρινασμός (Thphr.); hang branches of wild fig near the cultivated one so that insects will bring over pollen(s) (see Thpr. s.v. ψήν; Perpillou RPh 71 (1997) 160, who adds: "le figuier sauvage serait alors le figuier-bouc, fécondateur considéré le mâpe de l'espèce" which is hardly understandable as an etymol.)Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Uncertain. Recalling Messen. (Paus. 4, 20, 2) τράγος = ἐρινεός and Lat. caprifīcus, Prellwitz BB 22, 284f. wants to start from an old word for `he-goat', which is found (also) in ἔριφος, s. v. Acc. to Chantraine Formation 203 and Schwyzer 491 however Pre-Greek (who compares κότινος `wild olive'; cf. also ὄλυνθος `wild fig').Page in Frisk: 1,558-559Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρῑνεός
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18 ζυγόν
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `yoke' (Il.), also metaph., e. g. of a cross-wood, of the rowing benches connecting the two ship sides, of the tongue of a balance, of a pair, of a row or a rank of soldiers (oppos. στοῖχος), as land measure.Other forms: Hell. mostly - ός m., rarely earlier, s. Schwyzer-Debrunner 37.)Compounds: Often in compp., e. g. πολύ-ζυγος `with many rowing benches', ζυγό-δεσμον `yoke-straps' (Il.), also ζυγη-φόρος `carrying a yoke' (A., analog.-metr. beside ζυγο-φόρος; Schwyzer 439 n. 1).Derivatives: Seberal deriv.: 1. ζύγιον `rowing bench' (hell.). 2. ζυγίσκον meaning unclear (IG 22, 1549, 9, Eleusis, + 300a). 3. ζύγαινα the hammer-headed shark (Epich., Arist.; after the shape of the skull, Strömberg Fischnamen 35). 4. ζυγίς `thyme' (Dsc.; motivation of the name unknown, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 56). 5. ζούγωνερ (= *ζύγωνες) βόες ἐργάται. Λάκωνες H. 6. ζυγίτης name of a rower (sch.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 44), f. ζυγῖτις Hera as goddess of marriage (Nicom. ap. Phot.; Redard 209). 7. ζυγία `maple' (Thphr.) prop. "yoke-wood" (s. Strömberg Theophrastea 114), because the hard maple was mainly used to make yokes (so even now in southern Italy), Rohlfs WB VI and 86; also Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 57, Dawkins JournofHellStud. 56, 1f.; diff. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 56 (after the pairwise attached fruits). 8. ζύγαστρον `wooden cist, chest' s.v. σίγιστρον - Adject. 9. ζύγιος `belonging to the yoke etc.' (Att. etc.; also as nautical expression, s. Morrison Class. Quart. 41, 128ff.). 10. ζύγιμος `id.' (Plb.; s. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 94). 11. ζυγικός `belonging to the tongue of a balance' (Nicom. Harm.). Adv. ζυγ-άδην (Ph.), ζυγ-ηδόν (Hld.) `pairwise'. - Denomin. verbs: 1. ζυγόω `yoke, connect (through a cross-wood), shut, hold the balance' (A., hell.) with ζύγωμα `bar, cross-rod' (Plb.), ζύγωσις `balancing' (hell.), *ζύγωθρον in the denomin. aor. ipv. ζυγώθρισον (Ar. Nu. 745; meaning uncertain, `weigh' or `shut'?). 2. ζυγέω `form a row or rank' (Plb.). - Beside ζυγόν as 2. member the verbal root - ζυξ, e. g. ἄ-ζυξ `unconnected, unmarried', ὁμό-, σύ-ζυξ `yoked together, connected' (also ἄ-, ὁμό-, σύ-ζυγος), s. Chantraine REGr. 59-60, 231f.Etymology: Old name of a device, retained in most IE languages, e. g. Hitt. iugan, Skt. yugám, Lat. iugum, Germ., e. g. Goth. juk, IE *i̯ugóm; more forms Pok. 509f., W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. iugum. - The root noun - ζυξ also in Lat. con-iux `spouse', Skt. a-yúj- `not forming a pair, uneven' (formally = ἄ-ζυξ except the accent), sa-yúj- `connected, companion' a. o. - Cf. ζεύγνυμι and ζεῦγος. Rix, Hist. Gramm. 60, 70 suggests Hi̯-, which is still uncertain.Page in Frisk: 1,615-616Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ζυγόν
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19 ἰξός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `mistletoe, m. -berry, the bird-lime prepared from it', metaph. of all kinds of sticky stufs (Hp., E., Ar., Arist., Thphr.).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in ἰξο-βόρος name of thrush, `Turdus viscivorus' (Arist.).Derivatives: ἰξία `misteltoe' (derived from ἰξός = `bitd-lime'?; cf. Strömberg Theophrastea 114), also name of a thistle, `χαμαιλέων λευκός, Atractylis gummifera' (in this meaning also ἰξίνη [Thphr., Strömberg 86]), name of a disease, `varicose vein', cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 42 (Arist., Thphr.); ἰξίας m. a thistle, `χαμαιλέων μέλας, Cardopatium corymbiferum' (Dsc.) with ἰξιόεις `made of ἰξίας' (Nic.); ἰξίον `leaf of the χαμαιλέων λευκός' (Gal.); ἰξώδης `lime-like, sticky' (Hp., Luc.). Denomin.: 1. ἰξεύω `catch with bird-lime' (Artem., Poll.); from there ἰξευτής `birdcatcher' (LXX, Bion) with ἰξευτικός, also ἰξευτήρ (Man.), f. - εύτρια (Plu.; Τύχη ἰξεύτρια = Fortuna viscata); 2. ἰξόομαι `be smeared with bird-lime' (Thphr.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur.Etymology: Old cultural word identical with synonymous Lat. viscum ( viscus). One considers Germanic and Slavic names for cherry (as used for preparing bird-lime), e. g. OHG wīhsela `morello', Russ. etc. víšnja `cherry'. Details in Bq, WP. 1, 313, W.-Hofmann s. viscum, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. víšnja. DELG asks whether the word is IE.Page in Frisk: 1,728-729Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἰξός
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20 ἴς
ἴς, ἰ̄νόςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `sinew' (Hom., Hp., Archil., Ar.), `sinew of the neck' (Ρ 522), `vessels of the muscles, fibrine, of plants, ribs of leaves' (Pl., Arist., Thphr.); details of the botan. use in Strömberg Theophrastea 129ff.).Compounds: compp. ἄ-, πολύ-ϊνος `without, with many ἶνες' etc. (Thphr.; Strömberg 135).Derivatives: ἰνίον n. `the sinews at the back of the head, the neck' (Il., Hp., Arist.; cf. κρανίον and Chantraine Formation 59); ἰνώδης `sinewy, fibrous' (X., Arist., Thphr.); prob. also ἰναία δύναμις H. (quite uncertain conj. Peripl. M. Rubr. 46); denomin. verbs: ἰνόω `provide with ἶνες, stengthen' (Hdn.), ἐξ-ινόω `remove the ἶνες, make powerless' (Lyc.), also ἐξ-ινίζω, - ινιάζω (Gal., Peripl. M. Rubr. a. o.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The question rises, whether ἴς `sinew' arose from a remarkable concretization of ἴς `strength' or was a separate word. Old is the assumption (e. g. G. Meyer Gr.3 418), that the ν-stem inflexion ἶν-α, ἶν-ες etc. arose from an expected acc. (Ϝ)ῖν-α; in formal respect this gives a possible solution. - Scheftelowitz IF 33, 158f. assumes an independent word (Ϝ)ί̄ς, (Ϝ)ῑνός `sinew' (cf. γίς ἱμάς H.), from a verb `bow, bend' (s. ἴτυς, ἶρις).Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἴς
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