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she+was+the+focus+of+attention

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41 stellen

I v/t

1. etw. irgendwohin stellen put ( oder place, aufrecht: stand) s.th. somewhere; kalt stellen chill; warm stellen Kaltes: heat; Warmes: keep warm; etw. über etw. stellen fig. place s.th. above s.th. else, value s.th. more highly than s.th. else; jemanden über jemanden stellen promote s.o. above s.o. else; (einschätzen) think more highly of s.o. (than s.o. else); jemanden / etw. in den Mittelpunkt stellen focus (attention) on s.o. / s.th., make s.o. / s.th. the cent|re (Am. -er) of attention; vor eine Entscheidung gestellt werden be faced ( oder confronted) with a decision

2. (einstellen) set ( auf + Akk to, at); (regulieren) regulate, adjust; leiser oder niedriger stellen turn down; lauter oder höher stellen turn up; den Wecker auf sechs stellen set the alarm for six

3. (in die Enge treiben) corner; (fangen) catch; (Wild) hunt down

4. (bereitstellen) provide (jemandem etw. s.o. with s.th.); (auch Truppen) supply; (beisteuern) contribute; JUR. (Zeugen) produce, come up with umg.; dieser Klub stellt die meisten Nationalspieler most of the internationals come from this club; Dienstwagen / Wohnung wird gestellt a company car / flat (Am. apartment) is provided

5. (anordnen) arrange

II v/refl

1. sich irgendwohin stellen go and stand somewhere; bes. SPORT, MIL. position o.s. ( oder take up position) somewhere

2. sich der Polizei etc. stellen give o.s. up (bes. MIL. surrender) to the police etc.

3. sich einem Gegner etc. stellen take on an opponent etc.; sich einer Herausforderung stellen take up ( oder meet) a challenge; sich der Kritik etc. stellen face up to criticism etc.; sich den ( Fragen der) Journalisten stellen face the press; die Probleme, die sich uns stellen the problems we are up against ( oder we face)

4. (sich verhalten) wie stellt er sich dazu? what is his attitude (to it)?, what does he think of it?; sich positiv / negativ zu einem Projekt stellen have a positive / negative attitude to a project, be favo(u)rably / unfavo(u)rably disposed to a project; sich gegen jemanden / etw. stellen oppose s.o. / s.th.; sich gut mit jemandem stellen neu: get into s.o.’s good books, get in with s.o. umg.; anhaltend: keep on the right side of s.o., stay in s.o.’s good books, keep in with s.o. umg.; sich hinter jemanden stellen back s.o. up; sich ( schützend) vor jemanden stellen shield s.o.

5. (simulieren): sich krank stellen pretend to be ill (Am. sick); förm. feign illness; stell dich nicht so dumm! stop pretending to be stupid; (Unwissen/Verständnislosigkeit vortäuschend) stop pretending you don’t know / understand; sich dümmer stellen, als man ist umg. pretend to be a bigger idiot than you are; sich schlafend stellen pretend to be asleep, play possum umg.; sich tot stellen pretend to be dead; Abrede 1, Aussicht 2, Antrag 1, Bedingung 1, Bein 1, Diagnose, Dienst 1, Falle 1, Forderung 1, Frage 1, gestellt, Kopf 1, Rechnung 2, taub 1, Weiche2 etc.; siehe auch bereitstellen, gleichstellen etc.

* * *

to point; to put; to set; to place; to lay; to locate;

sich stellen

to confront; to stand up

* * *
stẹl|len ['ʃtɛlən]
1. vt

1) (= hinstellen) to put; (= an bestimmten Platz legen) to place, to put

jdm etw auf den Tisch stellen — to put sth on the table for sb

jdn über/unter jdn stellen (fig) — to put or place sb above/below sb

selbst or allein gestellt sein (fig) — to have to fend for oneself

2) (= in senkrechte Position bringen) to stand

die Ohren stellen — to prick up its ears

du solltest es stellen, nicht legen — you should stand it up, not lay it down

3)

(= Platz finden für) etw gut stellen können — to have a good place for sth

4) (= anordnen) to arrange

das sollten Sie anders stellen — you should put it in a different position

5)

(= erstellen) (jdm) eine Diagnose stellen — to provide (sb with) a diagnosis, to make a diagnosis (for sb)

jdm sein Horoskop stellen — to draw up or cast sb's horoscope

6) (= arrangieren) Szene to arrange; Aufnahme to pose

gestellt (Bild, Foto) — posed

die Szene war gestellt — they posed for the scene

eine gestellte Pose — a pose

7) (= beschaffen, aufbieten) to provide

die CDU stellt zwei Minister — the CDU has two ministers

8) (= einstellen) to set (
auf +acc at); Uhr etc to set ( auf +acc for)
das Radio lauter/leiser stellen — to turn the radio up/down

die Heizung höher/kleiner stellen — to turn the heating up/down

9)

See:

→ bessergestellt, gutgestellt, schlechtgestellt

10) (= erwischen) to catch; (fig inf) to corner

See:

→ Rede

11) (in Verbindung mit n siehe auch dort) Aufgabe, Thema, Bedingung, Termin to set (jdm sb); Frage to put (jdm, an jdn to sb); Antrag, Forderung to make

12)

(in Redewendungen) stellen — to leave sth to sb's discretion, to leave sth up to sb

stellen — to place or put sb under sb's care

jdn vor ein Problem/eine Aufgabe etc stellen — to confront sb with a problem/task etc

jdn vor eine Entscheidung stellen — to put sb in the position of having to make a decision

2. vr

1) (= sich hinstellen) to (go and) stand (
an +acc at, by); (= sich aufstellen, sich einordnen) to position oneself; (= sich aufrecht hinstellen) to stand up
sich auf (die) Zehenspitzen stellen — to stand on tiptoe

sich auf den Standpunkt stellen,... — to take the view...

sich gegen jdn/etw stellen (fig) — to oppose sb/sth

sich hinter jdn/etw stellen (fig) — to support or back sb/sth, to stand by sb/sth

sich jdm in den Weg stellen (lit, fig) — to stand in sb's way

sich jdm vor die Nase stellen — to stand right in front of sb

2)

(Gegenstand, Körperteil) sich senkrecht stellen — to stand or come up

sich in die Höhe stellen — to stand up; (Ohren) to prick up

3) (fig = sich verhalten)

sich positiv/anders zu etw stellen — to have a positive/different attitude toward(s) sth

wie stellst du dich zu...? — how do you regard...?, what do you think of...?

sich gut mit jdm stellen — to put oneself on good terms with sb

4)

See:

→ gutstellen, schlechtstellen

5) (=sich einstellen Gerät etc) to set itself (
auf +acc at)
die Heizung stellt sich von selbst kleiner — the heating turns itself down

6) (= sich ausliefern) to give oneself up, to surrender (jdm to sb)

sich der öffentlichen Kritik stellen — to lay oneself open to public criticism

sich den Journalisten stellen — to make oneself available to the reporters

sich den Fragen der Journalisten stellen — to be prepared to answer reporters' questions

sich einer Herausforderung stellen — to take up a challenge

sich einem Herausforderer stellen — to take on a challenger

sich (jdm) zum Kampf stellen — to be prepared to do battle (with sb), to announce one's readiness to fight (sb)

7)

(= sich verstellen) sich krank/schlafend etc stellen — to pretend to be ill/asleep etc

See:

→ dumm, taub

8) (fig = entstehen) to arise (für for)

allerlei Probleme — we were faced or confronted with all sorts of problems

es stellt sich die Frage, ob... — the question arises whether...

* * *

1) (to put or place: She set the tray down on the table.) set

2) (to give a person (a task etc) to do: The witch set the prince three tasks; The teacher set a test for her pupils; He should set the others a good example.) set

3) (to put: He placed it on the table; He was placed in command of the army.) place

4) (to put or place: He positioned the lamp in the middle of the table.) position

5) (to put in a particular position, especially upright: He picked up the fallen chair and stood it beside the table.) stand

* * *

stel·len

[ˈʃtɛlən]

I. vr

1. (verweilen)

▪ sich akk irgendwohin \stellen to go and stand somewhere; (herkommen) to come and stand somewhere; (Stellung beziehen) to take up position somewhere

sich akk ans Ende der Schlange \stellen to go/come to the back [or end] of the queue [or AM also line]

sich akk ans Fenster \stellen to go/come and stand at [or by] the window

sich akk an die Theke \stellen to go/come and stand at the bar

sich akk auf einen Baum \stellen to climb up a tree

sich akk auf eine Leiter \stellen to climb [or get] on a ladder

sich akk [wieder] in die Reihe \stellen to get [back] in line

sich akk jdm in den Weg \stellen to stand in sb's way

▪ sich akk neben jdn \stellen to go/come and stand next to sb; (Stellung beziehen) to take up position next to sb [or by sb's side]

▪ sich akk um jdn/etw \stellen to go/come and stand around sb/sth, to group around sb/sth

▪ sich akk zu jdm \stellen to [go/come and] join sb; s.a. Weg, Zehenspitze

2. (unterstützen)

▪ sich akk gegen jdn/etw \stellen to oppose sb/sth

▪ sich akk hinter jdn/etw \stellen to support [or back] [or stand by] sb/sth

▪ sich akk vor jdn \stellen to stand up for sb

sich akk schützend vor jdn \stellen to protect sb

▪ sich akk zu jdm/etw \stellen to support sb/sth

3. (vortäuschen)

sie stellt sich nur so she's only pretending

sich akk ahnungslos \stellen to play [or act] the innocent

sich akk dumm \stellen (fam) to act stupid [ or esp AM fam also dumb]

sich akk krank/schlafend/tot \stellen to pretend to be ill/asleep/dead

sich akk taub/verständnislos \stellen to pretend not to hear/understand

sich akk überrascht \stellen to pretend to be surprised, to feign surprise

sich akk unwissend \stellen to claim one knows nothing [or doesn't know anything], to feign ignorance

4. (melden)

▪ sich akk [jdm] \stellen Täter to turn oneself in [or give oneself up] [to sb]; MIL to report to sb

5. (entgegentreten)

▪ sich akk jdm/etw \stellen to face sb/sth

sich akk einer Diskussion \stellen to agree to take part in a discussion

sich akk einem Herausforderer/einer Herausforderung \stellen to take on sep [or face] a challenger/to take up sep [or face] a challenge

sich akk den Journalisten/den Fragen der Journalisten \stellen to make oneself available to the reporters/to be prepared to answer reporters' questions

sich akk den Tatsachen \stellen to face the facts

6. (verhalten)

wie \stellen Sie sich dazu? what do you think of it?, what's your opinion [of [or on] it]?

wie \stellen Sie sich zu Ihrer Kollegin? what do you think of your colleague?

sich akk gut mit jdm \stellen to try to get on good terms with sb

sich akk negativ/positiv zu etw dat \stellen to have a negative/positive attitude to[wards] sth

sich akk negativ/positiv zu jdm \stellen to not think/to think well of sb

sich akk stur \stellen to dig in sep one's heels [or toes] [or feet

7. (ergeben)

▪ sich akk [jdm] \stellen to arise [for sb], to confront sb

8. DIAL (stehen)

▪ sich akk \stellen to stand

9. HANDEL ESP ÖSTERR (kosten)

sich akk höher/niedriger \stellen to cost more/less

der Preis stellt sich niedriger als geplant the price is lower than planned

▪ sich akk auf etw akk \stellen to cost sth

10. (selten: versammeln)

▪ sich akk irgendwo \stellen to gather somewhere

11. siehe auch n

▪ sich akk auf etw akk \stellen:

sich akk auf den Standpunkt \stellen, dass... to take the view that...

▪ sich akk zu etw dat \stellen:

sich akk zur Wahl \stellen to run [or BRIT also stand] for election

II. vt

1. (hintun)

▪ [jdm] jdn/etw irgendwohin \stellen to put sb/sth somewhere [for sb]; (ordentlich a.) to place sth somewhere [for sb]; (aufrecht a.) to stand [up sep] sth somewhere [for sb]

wie soll ich die Stühle \stellen? where should I put the chairs?; (ordentlich a.) how should I position the chairs?

etw an die Wand \stellen to put [or place] [or lean] sth against the wall

jdn wieder auf die Füße \stellen to put sb back on his feet

etw auf den Kopf \stellen (fam) to turn sth upside down

etw gegen die Wand \stellen to put [or place] [or lean] sth against the wall

das Auto in die Garage \stellen to put the car in the garage

ein Kind in die Ecke \stellen to put [or stand] a child [or make a child stand] in the corner

▪ jd kann etw nicht \stellen sb doesn't have enough room for sth

▪ etw lässt sich nicht \stellen there is not enough room for sth

hier lässt sich nicht viel/nichts mehr \stellen there's not much room/no room left here for putting things in

2. (aufrichten)

▪ etw \stellen to place [or put] sth upright

die Ohren \stellen Tier to prick up sep its ears

den Schwanz \stellen Tier to stick up sep its tail

3. (vorziehen)

▪ etw über etw akk \stellen to prefer sth to sth

4. (aufbauen)

▪ etw auf etw akk \stellen to base sth on sth

5. (konfrontieren)

▪ jdn vor etw akk \stellen to confront sb with sth

jdn vor ein Rätsel \stellen to baffle sb

6. (vorbereiten)

eine Falle \stellen to lay [or set] a trap

ein Netz \stellen to spread [or lay] a net

7. (einrichten)

▪ etw \stellen to set sth

das Badewasser heißer/kälter \stellen to run more hot/cold water in the bath

die Heizung höher/kleiner \stellen to turn up/down sep the heating [or heater]

den Fernseher lauter/leiser \stellen to turn up/down sep the television

die Gasflamme größer/kleiner \stellen to turn up/down sep the gas

einen Hebel schräg \stellen to tip a lever

die Uhr \stellen to set the clock to the right time

▪ etw auf etw akk \stellen to set sth at [or to] sth

die Kochplatte auf Stufe zwei \stellen to turn up/down sep the heat to level two

etw auf volle Lautstärke \stellen to turn sth up [at] full blast

das Radio auf laut/leise \stellen to turn up/down sep the radio

ein Radio auf einen Sender \stellen to tune a radio to a station

einen Schalter auf null \stellen to turn a switch to [or set a switch at] zero

den Wecker auf 7 Uhr \stellen to set the alarm for 7 o'clock

einen Zähler auf null \stellen to reset a counter

8. (liefern)

▪ [jdm] etw \stellen to provide [or supply] [or furnish] [sb with] sth; (spenden a.) to donate sth

die Kaution \stellen to stand bail

▪ [jdm] jdn \stellen to provide [sb with] sb

einen Richter \stellen to appoint a judge

einen Zeugen \stellen to produce a witness

9. (lagern)

etw kalt/warm \stellen to put sth in the fridge/oven

den Sekt/Wein kalt \stellen to chill the Sekt/wine, to put the Sekt/wine in the fridge

10. (aufhalten)

▪ jdn \stellen to hunt down sb sep

▪ ein Tier \stellen to catch an animal

11. (ansprechen)

▪ jdn \stellen to corner [or fam buttonhole] sb; s.a. Rede

12. (bezahlen)

die Firma will ihn nicht anders \stellen the firm won't revise his pay

entsprechend gestellt sein to have the means

13. (arrangieren)

▪ etw \stellen to set up sth sep

das Ballett wurde nach der Musik gestellt the ballet was choreographed on the basis of the music

dieses Foto wirkt gestellt this photo looks posed

eine Szene \stellen to prepare a scene, to block in sep the moves for a scene spec

14. (anfertigen)

▪ [jdm] etw \stellen to provide [sb with] sth, to make sth [for sb]

eine Diagnose/Prognose \stellen to make a diagnosis/prognosis

jdm sein Horoskop \stellen to cast [or sep draw up] sb's horoscope

[jdm] eine Rechnung \stellen DIAL to make out sep a bill [to sb]

15. (übertragen)

[jdm] eine Aufgabe/ein Thema \stellen to set [sb] a task/subject

[jdm] Bedingungen \stellen to make [or stipulate] conditions, to set sb conditions

eine Forderung \stellen to put in sep a claim

[jdm] eine Frage \stellen to ask [sb] a question, to put a question [to sb]

[jdm] ein Ultimatum \stellen to give [or set] [sb] an ultimatum

▪ etw [an jdn] \stellen:

einen Antrag [an jdn] \stellen to put forward [or BRIT also to table] a motion [to sb]

eine Bitte [an jdn] \stellen to put a request [to sb]

Forderungen an jdn \stellen to make demands on [or form of] sb

ein Gesuch [an jdn] \stellen to submit [or present] a request [to sb]; (urkundlich a.) to file a request

▪ etw in etw akk \stellen:

etw in jds Belieben [o Ermessen] \stellen to leave sth to sb's discretion, to leave sth up to sb

etw in den Mittelpunkt \stellen to focus on sth

etw in den Mittelpunkt des Gesprächs \stellen to make sth the focus of discussion

etw in Zweifel \stellen to cast doubt on sth

▪ [jdm] etw in etw akk \stellen:

[jdm] etw in Rechnung \stellen to bill [or charge] sb for sth, to invoice sth

▪ jdn/etw unter etw akk \stellen:

jdn unter Anklage \stellen to charge sb

jdn unter Aufsicht \stellen to place sb under supervision

etw unter Beweis \stellen to provide [or furnish] proof of sth

etw unter Strafe \stellen to make sth punishable

▪ jdn vor etw akk \stellen:

jdn vor Gericht \stellen to take sb to court

▪ [jdm] etw zu etw dat \stellen:

jdm etw zur Disposition \stellen to place sth at sb's disposal

[jdm] etw zur Verfügung \stellen to provide [sb with] sth

16.

▶ auf sich akk selbst gestellt sein to have to fend for oneself

* * *
1.
transitives Verb

1) put; (mit Sorgfalt, ordentlich) place; (aufrecht hinstellen) stand

jemanden wieder auf die Füße stellen — (fig.) put somebody back on his/her feet

jemanden vor eine Entscheidung stellen — (fig.) confront somebody with a decision

auf sich [selbst] gestellt sein — (fig.) be thrown back on one's own resources

2) (einstellen, regulieren) set <points, clock, scales>; set < clock> to the right time

den Wecker auf 6 Uhr stellen — set the alarm for 6 o'clock

das Radio lauter/leiser stellen — turn the radio up/down

3) (bereitstellen) provide; produce < witness>

4)

jemanden besser stellen — < firm> improve somebody's pay

gut/schlecht gestellt — comfortably/badly off

5) (aufstellen) set < trap>; lay < net>

6)

kalt stellen — put <food, drink> in a cold place; leave <champagne etc.> to chill

warm stellen — put < plant> in a warm place; keep < food> warm or hot

7) (fassen, festhalten) catch < game>; apprehend < criminal>

8) (aufrichten) <dog, horse, etc.> prick up < ears>; stick up < tail>

9) (erstellen) prepare <horoscope, bill>; make <diagnosis, prognosis>

10) (verblasst) put < question>; set <task, essay, topic, condition>; make <application, demand, request>

jemandem eine Frage stellen — ask somebody a question
2.
reflexives Verb

1) place oneself

stell dich neben mich/ans Ende der Schlange/in die Reihe — come and stand by me/go to the back of the queue (Brit.) or (Amer.) line/get into line

sich auf die Zehenspitzen stellen — stand on tiptoe

sich gegen jemanden/etwas stellen — (fig.) oppose somebody/something

sich hinter jemanden/etwas stellen — (fig.) give somebody/something one's backing

2)

sich schlafend/taub usw. stellen — feign sleep/deafness etc.; pretend to be asleep/deaf etc.

3) (sich ausliefern)

sich [der Polizei] stellen — give oneself up [to the police]

4) (nicht ausweichen)

sich einem Herausforderer/der Presse stellen — face a challenger/the press

sich einer Disskusion stellen — consent to take part in a discussion

5) (Stellung beziehen)

sich positiv/negativ zu jemandem/etwas stellen — take a positive/negative view of somebody/something

sich mit jemandem gut stellen — try to get on good terms with somebody

* * *

stellen

A. v/t

1.

etwas irgendwohin stellen put ( oder place, aufrecht: stand) sth somewhere;

kalt stellen chill;

warm stellen Kaltes: heat; Warmes: keep warm;

etwas über etwas stellen fig place sth above sth else, value sth more highly than sth else;

jemanden über jemanden stellen promote sb above sb else; (einschätzen) think more highly of sb (than sb else);

jemanden/etwas in den Mittelpunkt stellen focus (attention) on sb/sth, make sb/sth the centre (US -er) of attention;

vor eine Entscheidung gestellt werden be faced ( oder confronted) with a decision

2. (einstellen) set (

auf +akk to, at); (regulieren) regulate, adjust;

leiser oder

niedriger stellen turn down;

lauter oder

höher stellen turn up;

den Wecker auf sechs stellen set the alarm for six

3. (in die Enge treiben) corner; (fangen) catch; (Wild) hunt down

4. (bereitstellen) provide (

jemandem etwas sb with sth); (auch Truppen) supply; (beisteuern) contribute; JUR (Zeugen) produce, come up with umg;

dieser Klub stellt die meisten Nationalspieler most of the internationals come from this club;

Dienstwagen/Wohnung wird gestellt a company car/flat (US apartment) is provided

5. (anordnen) arrange

B. v/r

1.

sich irgendwohin stellen go and stand somewhere; besonders SPORT, MIL position o.s. ( oder take up position) somewhere

2.

sich der Polizei etc

stellen give o.s. up ( besonders MIL surrender) to the police etc

3.

sich einem Gegner etc

stellen take on an opponent etc;

sich einer Herausforderung stellen take up ( oder meet) a challenge;

sich der Kritik etc

stellen face up to criticism etc;

sich den (Fragen der) Journalisten stellen face the press;

die Probleme, die sich uns stellen the problems we are up against ( oder we face)

4. (sich verhalten)

wie stellt er sich dazu? what is his attitude (to it)?, what does he think of it?;

sich positiv/negativ zu einem Projekt stellen have a positive/negative attitude to a project, be favo(u)rably/unfavo(u)rably disposed to a project;

sich gegen jemanden/etwas stellen oppose sb/sth;

sich gut mit jemandem stellen neu: get into sb’s good books, get in with sb umg; anhaltend: keep on the right side of sb, stay in sb’s good books, keep in with sb umg;

sich hinter jemanden stellen back sb up;

sich (schützend) vor jemanden stellen shield sb

5. (simulieren):

sich krank stellen pretend to be ill (US sick); form feign illness;

stell dich nicht so dumm! stop pretending to be stupid; (Unwissen/Verständnislosigkeit vortäuschend) stop pretending you don’t know/understand;

sich dümmer stellen, als man ist umg pretend to be a bigger idiot than you are;

sich schlafend stellen pretend to be asleep, play possum umg;

sich tot stellen pretend to be dead; → Abrede 1, Aussicht 2, Antrag 1, Bedingung 1, Bein 1, Diagnose, Dienst 1, Falle 1, Forderung 1, Frage 1, gestellt, Kopf 1, Rechnung 2, taub 1, Weiche² etc; → auch bereitstellen, gleichstellen etc

* * *
1.
transitives Verb

1) put; (mit Sorgfalt, ordentlich) place; (aufrecht hinstellen) stand

jemanden wieder auf die Füße stellen — (fig.) put somebody back on his/her feet

jemanden vor eine Entscheidung stellen — (fig.) confront somebody with a decision

auf sich [selbst] gestellt sein — (fig.) be thrown back on one's own resources

2) (einstellen, regulieren) set <points, clock, scales>; set < clock> to the right time

den Wecker auf 6 Uhr stellen — set the alarm for 6 o'clock

das Radio lauter/leiser stellen — turn the radio up/down

3) (bereitstellen) provide; produce < witness>

4)

jemanden besser stellen — < firm> improve somebody's pay

gut/schlecht gestellt — comfortably/badly off

5) (aufstellen) set < trap>; lay < net>

6)

kalt stellen — put <food, drink> in a cold place; leave <champagne etc.> to chill

warm stellen — put < plant> in a warm place; keep < food> warm or hot

7) (fassen, festhalten) catch < game>; apprehend < criminal>

8) (aufrichten) <dog, horse, etc.> prick up < ears>; stick up < tail>

9) (erstellen) prepare <horoscope, bill>; make <diagnosis, prognosis>

10) (verblasst) put < question>; set <task, essay, topic, condition>; make <application, demand, request>

jemandem eine Frage stellen — ask somebody a question
2.
reflexives Verb

1) place oneself

stell dich neben mich/ans Ende der Schlange/in die Reihe — come and stand by me/go to the back of the queue (Brit.) or (Amer.) line/get into line

sich auf die Zehenspitzen stellen — stand on tiptoe

sich gegen jemanden/etwas stellen — (fig.) oppose somebody/something

sich hinter jemanden/etwas stellen — (fig.) give somebody/something one's backing

2)

sich schlafend/taub usw. stellen — feign sleep/deafness etc.; pretend to be asleep/deaf etc.

3) (sich ausliefern)

sich [der Polizei] stellen — give oneself up [to the police]

4) (nicht ausweichen)

sich einem Herausforderer/der Presse stellen — face a challenger/the press

sich einer Disskusion stellen — consent to take part in a discussion

5) (Stellung beziehen)

sich positiv/negativ zu jemandem/etwas stellen — take a positive/negative view of somebody/something

sich mit jemandem gut stellen — try to get on good terms with somebody

* * *

- n.

placement n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > stellen
42 con

prep.

1 with.

¿con quién vas? who are you going with?

lo ha conseguido con su esfuerzo he has achieved it through his own efforts

una cartera con varios documentos a briefcase containing several documents

con el tiempo lo olvidé in time I forgot it

2 in spite of (a pesar de).

con todo despite everything

con lo estudioso que es, le suspendieron for all his hard work, they still failed him

Está con mucho dolor He is in [with] a lot of pain.

3 by.

con hacerlo así by doing it this way

con salir a las diez es suficiente if we leave at ten, we'll have plenty of time

* * *

con

► preposición

1 (instrumento, medio) with

■ se defendió con un puñal she defended herself with a knife

■ hay que comerlo con una cuchara you have to eat it with a spoon

■ me divirtió con sus chistes I really enjoyed his jokes

2 (modo, circunstancia) in, with

■ ¿vas a salir con este frío? are you going out in this cold?

■ me gustas con ese vestido you look nice in that dress, I like that dress on you

3 (juntamente, en compañía) with

■ se encerró con su prima en la habitación she shut herself up in the room with her cousin

■ Juan se quedó con las maletas Juan was left with the suitcases

4 (contenido) with

■ encontré una cartera con dinero I found a wallet with some money in it

5 (relación) to

■ yo hablo con todos I speak to everybody

■ fui amable con él I was nice to him

6 (reciprocidad)

■ ámense unos con otros love one another

7 (comparación) compared to

■ su fuerza no es nada con la mía his strength is nothing compared to mine

8 (a pesar de) in spite of, despite

■ con la nota que tenía no fue aceptado he wasn't accepted in spite of his grade

9 con + inf by + gerund

■ con disculparte no solucionas nada you won't solve anything just by apologizing

10 (aunque) in spite of

■ con ser tan fuerte... in spite of being so strong...

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

con que / con tal de que / con tal que provided, as long as

con todo (y eso) nevertheless, even so

* * *

prep.

1) with

2) to, towards

3) although

•

- con tal que

* * *

PREP

1) [indicando compañía, instrumento, medio] with

vivo con mis padres — I live with my parents

¿con quién vas a ir? — who are you going with?

atado con cuerda — tied with string

lo tomo con limón — I take it with lemon

con su ayuda — with his help

ducharse con agua fría — to have a cold shower

lo he escrito con bolígrafo — I wrote it in pen

andar con muletas — to walk on o with crutches

con este sol no hay quien salga — no one can go out in this sun

con el tiempo — in the course of time, with time

2) [indicando características, estado]

un hombre con principios — a man of principle

llegó con aspecto relajado — she arrived looking relaxed

un amigo con aspecto de jugador de rugby — a friend who is built like a rugby player

gente joven con ganas de divertirse — young people out for a good time

murió con 60 años — she died at the age of 60

3) [indicando combinación] and

pan con mantequilla — bread and butter

vodka con naranja — vodka and orange

café con leche — white coffee

arroz con leche — rice pudding

4) [indicando contenido]

una cazuela con agua caliente — a pan of hot water

un maletín con dinero — a briefcase full of money

encontraron una maleta con 800.000 dólares — they found a suitcase containing 800,000 dollars o with 800,000 dollars in it

5) [indicando modo]

se levantó con rapidez — he got up quickly

ábrelo con cuidado — open it carefully

anda con dificultad — she walks with difficulty

desayunamos con apetito — we ate our breakfast with relish

estar con algo, estar con dolor de muelas/la pierna escayolada — to have toothache/one's leg in plaster

está con la gripe — he's got flu

con mucho gusto — certainly, by all means

6) [como complemento personal de algunos verbos] to

¿con quién hablas? — who are you speaking to?

voy a hablar con Luis — I'll talk to Luis

se ha casado con Jesús — she's married Jesús, she's got married to Jesús

estoy emparentado con la duquesa — I am related to the duchess

no sabemos lo que va a pasar con nosotros — we don't know what's going to happen to us

me escribo con ella — she and I write to each other

7) [tras adjetivos] to, towards

amable con todos — kind to o towards everybody

ser insolente con el jefe — to be disrespectful to o towards the boss

8) [con decimales]

once con siete — [11,7] eleven point seven ( 11.7)

un dólar con cincuenta centavos — one dollar fifty cents

9) (=pese a) in spite of

con tantas dificultades, no se descorazonó — in spite of all o for all the difficulties he didn't lose heart

con ser su madre, le odia — even though she is his mother she hates him

con todo (y con eso), la gente se lo pasó bien — in spite of everything, people had a good time

10) [en exclamaciones]

¡vaya con el niño! — * the cheeky monkey! *

¡con lo bien que se está aquí! — and it's so nice here too!

no me dejó ni un trocito, con lo que me gustan esos caramelos — he didn't even let me have a tiny piece, and he knows how much I like those sweets

11) [indicando una condición]

a) + infin

con estudiar un poco apruebas — with a bit of studying you should pass

cree que con confesarlo se librará del castigo — he thinks that by owning up he'll escape punishment

con decirle que no voy, se arreglará todo — when I tell him I'm not going, everything will be fine

con llegar a las seis estará bien — if you come by six it will be fine

con llegar tan tarde nos perderemos la comida — by arriving so late we're going to miss the meal

b)

con que + subjun —

con que me digas tu teléfono basta — if you just give me your phone number that'll be enough

con que me invite, me conformo — as long as o provided that she invites me, I don't mind

basta con que nos remita la tarjeta cumplimentada — all you have to do is send us the completed card
tal 3., 4)
* * *

preposición

1)

a) (expresando relaciones de compañía, comunicación, reciprocidad) with

vive con su novio — she lives with her boyfriend

hablar con alguien — to talk to somebody

está casada con mi primo — she's married to my cousin

b) (indicando el objeto de comportamiento, actitud)

te portaste muy mal con ellos — you behaved very badly toward(s) them

he tenido mucha paciencia contigo — I have been very patient with you

c) ( indicando el acompañamiento de algo) with

se sirve con arroz — serve with rice

pan con mantequilla — bread and butter

2)

a) ( indicando una relación de simultaneidad)

una cápsula con cada comida — one capsule with each meal

se levanta con el alba — he gets up at the crack of dawn

b) ( indicando una relación de causa)

¿cómo vamos a ir con esta lluvia? — how can we go in this rain?

con tanta prisa se me olvidó — I was in such a hurry that I forgot

ella se lo ofreció, con lo que or con lo cual me puso a mí en un aprieto — she offered it to him, which put me in an awkward position

¿no lo vas a llevar, con lo que le gusta el circo? — aren't you going to take him? you know how much he likes the circus

con las veces que te lo pedí! — the (number of) times I asked you!

con lo tarde que es, ya se debe haber ido — it's really late, he should have gone by now

con todo lo que tengo que hacer! — on top of everything else I have to do!; todo III 2)

3)

a) (indicando instrumento, medio, material) with

córtalo con la tijera — cut it with the scissors, use the scissors to cut it

lo estás malcriando con tanto mimo — you're spoiling him with all this pampering

caray con la niña (or el vecino, etc)! — well would you believe it!

con + inf: con llorar no se arregla nada crying won't solve anything; con llamarlo por teléfono ya cumples if o as long as you call him, that should do; con decirte que... I mean, to give you an example...; me contento con que apruebes — as long as you pass I'll be happy; tal III 2)

b) ( indicando modo) with

andaba con dificultad — she was walking with difficulty

con mucho gusto! — with pleasure!

c) (al describir características, un estado)

amaneció con fiebre — he woke up with a temperature

ya estaba con dolores de parto — she was already having labor pains

andaba con ganas de bronca — he was looking for a fight

con las manos en los bolsillos — with his hands in his pockets

¿vas a ir con ese vestido? — are you going in that dress?

una mujer con aspecto de extranjera — a foreign-looking woman

4) (AmL) (indicando el agente, destinatario)

me peino con Gerardo — Gerardo does my hair

se estuvo quejando conmigo — she was complaining to me

* * *

= by use of, with, WITH, possessed of, what with, not without, featuring.

Ex. By use of the code 'p' on the saved document summary screen you can request than one of the saved document lists be printed.

Ex. Photographs are normally kept in drawers of standard filing cabinets, with folders or pockets, or both.

Ex. WITH retrieves records in which two (or more) terms appear in the same field.

Ex. Possessed of a phenomenal memory and a perpetual smile, this paragon always is ready to meet the public without losing balance or a sense of humor.

Ex. What with Consuelo Feng in tears and Bernice Washington very pale, and startled, all was incomprehensible.

Ex. It has shown that the technology can work, but not without problems.

Ex. The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.

----

* acoger con entusiasmo = greet + warmly.

* andar con cuidado = tread + lightly.

* asintiendo con entusiasmo = in eager assent.

* con abundantes dorados = heavily gilt.

* con afabilidad = good-naturedly.

* con afán = earnestly.

* con afecto = fondly, affectionately.

* con agallas = spunky.

* con agilidad = nimbly.

* con agradecimiento = gratefully.

* con agudeza = perceptively, subtly.

* con ahínco = diligently, industriously.

* con aire acondicionado = air conditioned.

* con alas = winged.

* con alborozo = mirthfully.

* con alegría = joyously, gleefully.

* con algoritmos = algorithmically.

* con alimentación manual = hand-fed.

* con altanería = superciliously, haughtily.

* con altibajos = chequered [checkered, -USA].

* con amabilidad = graciously.

* con amargura = bitterly.

* con amor no correspondido = lovelorn.

* con anotaciones = scripted.

* con ansias de conquistar el mundo = world-conquering.

* con ansias de leer = reading-desirous.

* con ansias de poder = power-hungry.

* con ansiedad = eagerly, with bated breath.

* con antelación = beforehand, ahead of time.

* con antelación a = in anticipation of, in advance (of), prior to.

* con anterioridad a = pre, prior to, before the days of.

* con anterioridad a la contratación = pre-employment [preemployment].

* con añoranza = longingly, wistfully.

* con apatía = listlessly.

* con aplicación = industriously, studiously.

* con aprensión = apprehensively.

* con aprobación = approvingly.

* con ardor = ardently.

* con armonía = harmoniously.

* con arrogancia = superciliously, haughtily.

* con asco = disgustedly.

* con asiduidad = assiduously.

* con aspecto de adulto = adult-looking.

* con astucia = by cunning, astutely, slyly, shrewdly, cannily.

* con atención = attentively.

* con audacia = boldly.

* con autoridad = authoritative, authoritatively.

* con avances = stepped-up.

* con avaricia = rapaciously.

* con baño = en suite, en-suite bathroom, en-suite bath, en-suite facilities.

* con barba = bearded.

* con base de arena = sand-based.

* con base empírica = empirically-based.

* con base en = based in.

* con bastante antelación = well in advance, far in advance.

* con bastante frecuencia = quite frequently, fairly often.

* con basura por el suelo = littered.

* con bisagras = hinged.

* con botones = buttoned, buttoned-up.

* con botones por detrás = back-buttoning.

* con brotes = budded.

* con buena fama = respected.

* con buena reputación = respected, reputable.

* con buenas conexiones = well-connected.

* con buenas intenciones = well meant, in good faith, well-intentioned, well-intended, well-meaning.

* con buen gusto = tastefully.

* con buen humor = good-humouredly.

* con buenos contactos = well-connected.

* con buenos modales = politely.

* con bultos = lumpiness.

* con burbujas = carbonated.

* con cable = corded.

* con cafeina = caffeinated.

* con cajero = cashiered.

* con calefacción = heated.

* con calefacción central = centrally heated.

* con calma = calmly, leisurely, tranquilly.

* con capucha = hooded.

* con cara de cansado = bleary-eyed.

* con cara de sueño = bleary-eyed.

* con cargo a = to be debited to, to be charged to.

* con cargo de conciencia = remorseful.

* con cariño = fondly, affectionately.

* con carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].

* con cautela = cautiously, warily, with a grain of salt.

* con certeza = for sure, with assurance, for certain.

* con chasis fabricado por separado del bastidor = coachbuilt [coach-built].

* con cierta comodidad = with some ease.

* con cierta facilidad = with some ease.

* con cierta formación = educated.

* con cierta frecuencia = not uncommonly.

* con cierto detalle = at some length.

* con cierto gasto = at some expense.

* con cinismo = cynically.

* con cintura de avispa = wasp-waisted.

* con claustros = cloistered.

* con clavos = hobnailed.

* con cobro = fee-based.

* con codicia = rapaciously.

* con cola = caudate.

* con cola espesa = bushy-tailed.

* con cola tupida = bushy-tailed.

* con cólicos = colicky newborn.

* con columnas corintias = Corinthian-columned.

* con comodidad = with ease, easily.

* con comprensión = sympathetically.

* con compromisos = strings attached.

* con condiciones especiales = strings attached.

* con confianza = confidently, with confidence, trustingly, trustfully.

* con confianza en uno mismo = self-confident.

* con conocimiento = authoritatively.

* con conocimiento básico en el manejo de la información = information literate [information-literate].

* con conocimiento básico en el uso de la biblioteca = library literate [library-literate].

* con conocimiento de = appreciative of, conversant with.

* con conocimiento de causa = knowingly.

* con conocimiento de informática = computer literate [computer-literate].

* con conocimiento en el uso de Internet = Internet-savvy.

* con conocimientos en = versed in.

* con conocimientos sobre el correo electrónico = e-mail literate.

* con consecuencias fatales = fatally.

* con consentimiento = willing.

* con contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.

* con control atmosférico = atmospherically-controlled.

* con copyright = copyright-protected.

* con corazón de piedra = stony-hearted.

* con corrientes de aire = draughty [drafty, -USA].

* con cortesía = courteously.

* con costras = caked.

* con creces = amply, far + Verbo.

* con créditos = credit-carrying.

* con criterio = discerning.

* con cualidades humanas = anthropomorphic.

* con cuanta creatividad = how creatively.

* con cuernos = horned.

* con cuidado = gently, carefully.

* con cúpula = domed.

* con datos no pertinentes = dirty [dirtier -comp., dirtiest -sup.].

* con decisión = decisively.

* con dedos pegajosos = sticky-fingered.

* con deferencia = dutifully.

* con deleite = with gusto.

* con delicadeza = delicately, gently.

* con demasiada facilidad = all too easily.

* con demasiada frecuencia = all too often, all too frequently, too often.

* con demasiadas expectativas = over expectant.

* con demasiados miramientos = mealy-mouthed.

* con demasiado trabajo = overworked.

* con demasidad facilidad = all too easy.

* con derecho a voto = eligible to vote.

* con derecho de autor = copyright-protected.

* con derechos de autor = copyrightable, royalty-paid.

* con desaliento = despondently, dispiritedly, hopelessly.

* con desánimo = dejectedly, despondently.

* con desaprobación = disapproving, disapprovingly.

* con descaro = impudently.

* con desconfianza = suspiciously.

* con descuento = at a discount, discounted, cut-price, cut-rate.

* con desenfado = lightheartedly.

* con desesperación = dispiritedly, hopelessly.

* con desfachatez = impudently.

* con desgana = listlessly, reluctantly, unwillingly.

* con destino a = to.

* con destreza = nimbly, adeptly, with ease.

* con detalle = at a detailed level, in detail.

* con determinación = with purpose, single-mindedly, purposefully, steadfastly.

* con dientes de conejo = bucktoothed.

* con dientes de sierra = serrated.

* con dientes salidos = bucktoothed.

* con diferencia = by far.

* con diferentes variaciones = in variation.

* con dificultad = laboriously, with difficulty.

* con dificultades = in difficulties.

* con diligencia = sedulously, industriously, studiously.

* con dinamismo = proactively [pro-actively], vivaciously.

* con diplomacia = diplomatically.

* con discapacidades físicas = physically challenged.

* con disimulo = on the quiet, on the sly.

* con doble acristalamiento = double-glazed.

* con doble titulación = dually qualified.

* con dos caras = double-faced.

* con dos facetas = double-faced.

* con dudas = uncertainly.

* con dudosa reputación = disreputable.

* con dureza = harshly.

* con efecto desde + Fecha = with effect from + Fecha.

* con eficacia = ably.

* con eficiencia = ably.

* con efusión = effusively.

* con ejemplos = by example(s).

* con él = therewith.

* con el agua al cuello = in hot water.

* con el agua hasta el cuello = in deep water.

* con el alma en vilo = on tenterhooks.

* con el ánimo de = in the spirit of.

* con el ceño fruncido = with a frown.

* con el conocimiento de que = on the understanding that.

* con el corazón destrozado = broken-hearted.

* con el corazón en la boca = on tenterhooks.

* con el corazón en un puño = on tenterhooks.

* con el corazón partido = broken-hearted.

* con el corazón roto = broken-hearted.

* con el correr del tiempo = over the years, in the process of time, with the passage of time.

* con el culo al aire = out in the cold.

* con el debido respeto = with due respect.

* con el decursar del tiempo = with the passage of time, in the process of time.

* con elegancia = elegantly, gracefully.

* con el emblema = under the banner.

* con el fin de = in order to.

* con ello = in doing so, in the process, thereto.

* con ellos = with them.

* con el más sumo cuidado = with utmost care.

* con el mayor cuidado = with utmost care.

* con el mayor secreto = a veil of secrecy.

* con el mismo = therewith.

* con el mismo + Nombre + como el que... = as + Adverbio + as....

* con el mismo planteamiento que = on the same lines as.

* con el nacimiento de = at the dawn of.

* con el nombre y dirección del remitente = self-addressed.

* con el número = numbered.

* con el objetivo de = with the purpose of, with a brief to, with the aim of, with a focus on.

* con el objeto de = in the attempt to, in the drive to, in a drive to.

* con el paso de = with the passing of.

* con el paso de los años = with the passing of (the) years.

* con el paso del tiempo = over the years, over time, with the passage of time, in due course, over a period of time, in the course of time, over the course of time, in the process of time, as time passed (by), as time passes (by), as time went by.

* con el pie deformado = clubfooted.

* con el pretexto de = under the guise of, under the flag of, in the guise of.

* con el primer intento = at the first shot.

* con el propósito de = with the purpose of, with the aim of, in the drive to, in a drive to.

* con el propósito de superarse uno mismo = self-improvement-oriented.

* con el rabo entre las piernas = with a flea in + Posesivo + ear.

* con el sudor de + Posesivo + frente = by the sweat of + Posesivo + brow.

* con el suelo de tierra = dirt-floored.

* con el tiempo = in time, over the years, with time, with the passage of time, eventually, in due course, over a period of time, in due time, over time, in the process of time, as time passed (by), as time passes (by), as time goes by, as time went by, by and by.

* con el título = entitled.

* con el transcurrir del tiempo = with the passage of time, in the process of time, as time passed (by).

* con el transcurso de = with the passing of.

* con el transcurso de los años = over the years, with the passing of (the) years.

* con el transcurso de los siglos = over the course of the centuries.

* con el transcurso del tiempo = over time, with time, with age, in the course of time, over the course of time, as time passes (by), as time went by.

* con el uso = in use, with use.

* con encimera de mármol = marble-top.

* con energía = powerfully.

* con enfado = angrily.

* con enfermedades mentales = mentally challenged.

* con entusiasmo = eagerly, enthusiastically, rhapsodically, wholeheartedly [whole-heartedly].

* con entusiasmo en los ojos = bright-eyed.

* con errores = flawed.

* con errores gramaticales = grammatically challenged, grammatically incorrect.

* con escamas = flaky.

* con ese fin = to that end.

* con esmero = sedulously, studiously.

* con eso = thereto, by this.

* con esperanza = in hopeful expectation.

* con espíritu deportivo = sportingly.

* con este fin = to this end, to that effect.

* con estilo = stylish.

* con esto = by so doing, in so doing, in this, herewith, by doing so, by this, in doing so.

* con estructura de acero = steel-framed.

* con estructura de madera = timber-framed.

* con estudios = schooled, educated.

* con exactitud = precisely.

* con excepción de = with the exception of, except for.

* con éxito = successful, successfully, winningly.

* con expectación = expectantly.

* con experiencia = experienced.

* con experiencia ampliamente demostrada = proven.

* con experiencia profesional = professionally-qualified.

* con exuberancia = lushly.

* con facilidad = without difficulty, fluently, with ease, easily.

* con fascinación = rhapsodically.

* con fecha = dated, dated.

* con fecha + Fecha = dated + Fecha.

* con ferocidad = ferociously.

* con figuras en movimiento = animated.

* con filtros = filtered.

* con financiación independiente = self-funded.

* con financiación propia = self-funded.

* con fines + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.

* con fines lucrativos = profit-making, profit-orientated, profit-oriented, profit-generating.

* con firma = signed.

* con firmeza = assertively, resolutely, firmly, unshakably, staunchly.

* con flexibilidad = flexibly.

* con fluidez = fluent, fluently.

* con forma de castillo = castellated.

* con forma de estrella = star-shaped [star shaped].

* con forma de pelo = hair-like.

* con forma de pera = pear-shaped.

* con forma de pirámide = trihedral, pyramidal-shaped.

* con forma de tetraedro = trihedral.

* con forma de U = U-shaped.

* con forma piramidal = pyramidal-shaped.

* con franqueza = frankly.

* con frecuencia = frequently, often [oftener -comp., oftenest -sup.], oftentimes [often times], ofttimes [oft-times].

* con frondosidad = lushly.

* con fuertes aspiraciones profesionales = upward-mobile.

* con fuerza = forcefully, vigourously [vigorously, -USA], powerfully.

* con funda = jacketed.

* con fundamentos = informed.

* con fundamentos sólidos = well-considered.

* con furia = with a vengeance, furiously.

* con futuro = up-and-coming.

* con gafas = bespectacled.

* con ganas = with gusto.

* con ganas de pelear = on the warpath.

* con garantías de calidad = quality assured.

* con gas = carbonated.

* con generosidad = generously, unstintingly.

* con goteras = leaking, leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup].

* con gracia = wittily, funnily.

* con gran capacidad = capacious.

* con gran colorido = brightly coloured.

* con gran densidad de población = densely populated.

* con gran dificultad = with great difficulty.

* con grandilocuencia = grandly.

* con gran esplendor = grandly.

* con gran iluminación = brightly illuminated.

* con gran motivación = highly-motivated.

* con gran sentimiento = earnestly.

* con gratitud = gratefully.

* con gravedad = grimly.

* con guión = hyphenated.

* con gusto = happily, satisfyingly, stylish, willingly.

* con habilidad = adeptly.

* con hambre de poder = power-hungry.

* con hastial = gabled.

* con heridas superficiales = superficially wounded.

* con honestidad = honestly.

* con humildad = humbly.

* con humor = humorously.

* con ilusión = eagerly.

* con imágenes en movimiento = animated.

* con imaginación = imaginatively.

* con impaciencia = with bated breath.

* con impasibilidad = impassively.

* con impunidad = with impunity.

* con incredulidad = incredulously.

* con independencia de = in spite of, despite, although, despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that.

* con indiferencia = indifferently, casually.

* con indignación = disgustedly, indignantly.

* con indulgencia = leniently.

* con información = information-bearing.

* con iniciativa = proactively [pro-actively], proactive [pro-active], enterprising.

* con inocencia = innocently.

* con insistencia = insistently.

* con insolencia = impudently.

* con intencionalidad = calculated.

* con intenciones ocultas = agenda-laden.

* con intereses ocultos = agenda-laden.

* con intereses propios = self-interested.

* con interrupciones = discontinuous, episodic.

* con intervención directa = obtrusive.

* con ira = angrily.

* con júbilo = joyously, gleefully.

* con juicio de valor = value-loaded.

* con la anchura de los hombros = shoulder-width.

* con la ayuda de = under the guidance of.

* con la cabeza en las nubes = ditzy [ditzier -comp., ditziest -sup.], ditsy [ditsier -comp., ditsiest -sup.].

* con la conciencia limpia = with a clear conscience.

* con la conciencia tranquila = with a clear conscience.

* con la condición de que = on the understanding that, with the condition that, on the condition that.

* con la convicción de que = in the belief that/of, on the assumption that.

* con la debida consideración = with due consideration.

* con la debida cualificación = properly qualified.

* con la edad = with age.

* con la espalda contra la pared = up against the wall.

* con la esperanza de = in hope(s) of, with the hope(s) of.

* con la esperanza de que = in the hope(s) that, in hope(s) that.

* con la excusa de = in the name of, under the mantle of, under the flag of, under the guise of, in the guise of.

* con la expectativa de que = in hopeful expectation that.

* con la extensión de un libro = book-length.

* con la falda típica escocesa = kilted.

* con la formación adecuada = adequately-trained.

* con la frente en alto = stand + tall.

* con lagañas en los ojos = bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].

* con la imaginación = in imagination.

* con la intención de = designing, with an eye toward(s), intending to, aimed at, purposefully, intended to, in the drive to, in a drive to.

* con la intención de comunicar hechos = fact-communicating.

* con la llegada de = with the advent of, with the arrival of.

* con la mejor voluntad del mundo = in good faith.

* con la mente despejada = clear-headed.

* con la mirada en = with an eye toward(s).

* con la mirada en blanco = blankly.

* con la mirada perdida = stare into + space, gaze into + space.

* con la mirada puesta en = with an eye on, in + Posesivo + sights.

* con la misma altura que = the full height of.

* con la portada hacia fuera = face-out.

* con la punta de los pies mirando hacia dentro = pigeon-toed.

* con la sabiduría que da la experiencia = with the benefit of hindsight.

* con las características similares a las de texto = text-like.

* con lascivia = lustily.

* con las dimensiones de una pared = wall-sized.

* con las dos manos = two handed [two-handed].

* con las espalda contra la pared = with + Posesivo + back against the wall.

* con las esquinas dobladas = dog-eared.

* con las garras fuera = knives-out.

* con las manos muy largas = light-fingered.

* con las manos vacías = empty-handed.

* con las mejores intenciones = best-intentioned.

* con la soga al cuello = in dire straits.

* con las orejas gachas = with a flea in + Posesivo + ear, depressed.

* con las rodillas mirando hacia dentro y los talones hacia fuera = knock-kneed.

* con (la) suficiente antelación = in good time, early enough, well in advance.

* con las uñas fuera = knives-out.

* con lazos muy estrechos = close-knit.

* con legañas en los ojos = bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].

* con licencia para vender bebidas alcohólicas = licensed, licensed.

* con limitación temporal = time-oriented.

* con límites impuestos por uno mismo = self-limiting.

* con llave = locked, locking.

* con lo cual = whereupon.

* con lo pies sobre la tierra = down-to-earth.

* con los nervios a flor de piel = edgy [edgier -comp., edgiest -sup.], nervy [nervier -comp., nerviest -sup.], on edge, highly-strung.

* con los nervios de punta = edgy [edgier -comp., edgiest -sup.], nervy [nervier -comp., nerviest -sup.], on edge.

* con los ojos empañados = misty-eyed.

* con los ojos hinchados = bleary-eyed.

* con los ojos llorosos = misty-eyed, bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].

* con los ojos nublados = misty-eyed.

* con los ojos vendados = blindfold, blindfolded.

* con los últimos avances = state-of-the-art, leading edge.

* con lujuria = lustily.

* con machetes = machete-wielding.

* con madurez = maturely.

* con magnanimidad = magnanimously.

* con mala fama = disreputable.

* con mala reputación = disreputable.

* con maldad = ill-naturedly.

* con malhumor = moodily.

* con maña = skilfully [skillfully, -USA], skilful [skillful, -USA].

* con marca = branded.

* con más antigüedad = longest-serving.

* con más detalle = in most detail, in more detail.

* con más frecuencia = most frequently.

* con más intensidad aun = with a vengeance.

* con más razón aún = a fortiori.

* con más vigor aun = with a vengeance.

* con más virulencia aun = with a vengeance.

* con más vitalidad = revitalised [revitalized, -USA].

* con mayor detalle = in greater detail.

* con mayor profundidad = in most detail, in more detail.

* con meandros = meandering.

* con mechones = streaky [streaker -comp., streakiest -sup.].

* con medios insuficientes = on a shoestring (budget).

* con medios muy escasos = on a shoestring (budget).

* con medios muy exiguos = on a shoestring (budget).

* con mejoras = stepped-up.

* con melancolía = wistfully.

* con miedo = fearfully, afraid, frightened.

* con millones de ventas = megaselling.

* con miras a (+ Infinitivo) = with a view to (+ Gerundio).

* con miras al futuro = forward-looking.

* con moderación = sparingly, in moderation.

* con motivo de = on the occasion of.

* con mucha ceremonia = ceremoniously.

* con mucha cohesión = tightly knit, closely knit, tight-knit.

* con mucha diferencia = by far.

* con mucha energía = high energy.

* con mucha frecuencia = very often.

* con mucha información = populated.

* con mucha labia = glibly, smooth-tongued, smooth-talking.

* con mucha palabrería = glibly.

* con mucha población = heavily populated.

* con mucha pompa = ceremoniously.

* con mucha prisa = without a minute to spare.

* con muchas actividades = event-filled.

* con muchas deudas = heavily indebted.

* con muchas ilustraciones = copiously illustrated.

* con muchas imágenes = image intensive.

* con muchas prestaciones = feature-filled, multifacility.

* con mucha vitalidad = lively [livelier -comp., liveliest -sup.].

* con mucho = very much, far + Verbo, grossly, overwhelmingly, by far, by a long shot, by a long way, hands down.

* con mucho ánimo = spiritedly.

* con mucho bombo = ceremoniously.

* con mucho contenido = information packed [information-packed].

* con mucho esfuerzo = painfully.

* con mucho éxito = with a wide appeal.

* con mucho protocolo = ceremoniously.

* con mucho público = well attended [well-attended].

* con muchos acontecimientos = event-filled.

* con muchos detalles = elaborately.

* con muchos eventos = event-filled.

* con muchos huesos y poca carne = bony [bonier -comp., boniest -sup.].

* con muchos lectores = with a wide appeal.

* con muchos miramientos = ceremoniously.

* con mucho trabajo = painfully.

* con muy poca antelación = at (a) very short notice.

* con muy poca anticipación = at (a) very short notice.

* con muy poca frecuencia = all too seldom, all too seldom.

* con muy pocas excepciones = with few exceptions, with a few exceptions.

* con muy pocos medios = on a shoestring (budget).

* con naturalidad = unselfconsciously.

* con nervios = rib.

* con niebla = foggy [foggier -comp., foggiest -sup.].

* con nosotros = with us.

* con nostalgia = wistfully.

* con notas a pie de página = footnoted.

* con + Número + año(s) de antelación = Número + year(s) ahead.

* con objetivos específicos = goal-oriented.

* con objeto de = in order to, in an attempt to, in an effort to, aimed at, with the purpose of, in a bid to, with the aim of.

* con objeto de hacer = toward(s).

* con objeto de (+ Infinitivo) = with a view to (+ Gerundio).

* con objeto de + Verbo = for the purpose of + Nombre.

* con ocasión de = on the occasion of.

* con ojos azules = blue-eyed.

* con ojos brillantes = bright-eyed.

* con ojos de lince = eagle-eyed, sharp-eyed.

* con ojos vivarachos = bright-eyed.

* con olor a ajo = garlicky.

* con olor a cerrado = musty [mustier -comp., mustiest -sup.], mousy [mousier -comp., mousiest -sup.].

* con olor a fruta = fruity [fruitier -comp., fruitiest -sup.].

* con olor a humedad = musty [mustier -comp., mustiest -sup.], mousy [mousier -comp., mousiest -sup.].

* con olor a orina = urinous.

* con olor a polvo = dust smelling.

* con orgullo = proudly.

* con otra copa de lo mismo se te cura la resaca = a hair of the dog that bit you.

* con paciencia = patiently.

* con pagos pendientes = be in arrears.

* con papel de calco intercalado = carbon interleaved paper.

* con participación del público mediante llamada telefónica = phone-in.

* con pasión = with passion, passionately.

* con patas = legged.

* con peligro de muerte = life threatening.

* con pelo cano = gray-haired, grey-haired.

* con pelos y señales = blow-by-blow.

* con pequeños matices = nuanced.

* con pereza = lazily.

* con perplejidad = quizzically, perplexedly.

* con perspicacia = perceptively.

* con pesar = with regret.

* con pesimismo = pessimistically, gloomily.

* con picardía = slyly, wickedly.

* con pie firme = sure-footed.

* con piernas = legged.

* con pinzas = with a grain of salt, clamp-on.

* con planes ocultos = agenda-laden.

* con pleno derecho = with full rights.

* con pliegues = pleated.

* con poca claridad = indistinctly.

* con poca exactitud = loosely.

* con poca experiencia = inexperienced.

* con poca iluminación = dimly illuminated.

* con poca imaginación = unimaginatively.

* con poca luz = badly-lit.

* con poca naturalidad = stiltedly.

* con poca población = thinly populated.

* con pocas habilidades = poor-ability.

* con poca visión de futuro = short-sighted [shortsighted].

* con poco conocimiento de las nuevas tecnologías = technologically challenged.

* con poco dinero = on the cheap.

* con poco entusiasmo = half-heartedly.

* con pocos recursos = under-resourced.

* con pocos recursos económicos = low-budget.

* con poder = powerful.

* con + Posesivo + ayuda = under + Posesivo + guidance.

* con posibilidades comerciales = commercially viable.

* con posterioridad a = subsequent to.

* con posterioridad a la contratación = post-employment [postemployment].

* con precipitación = rashly.

* con precisión = precisely.

* con preferencia = preferably.

* con preferencia sobre = in preference to.

* con prejuicios = prejudicial.

* con prepotencia = superciliously, haughtily.

* con pretensiones de superioridad moral = self-righteous.

* con principios = principled.

* con prisa = in a rush, in a hurry.

* con problemas = in hot water.

* con problemas de aprendizaje = learning disabled.

* con problemas de lectura = print disabled.

* con problemas de vista = vision impaired.

* con problemas visuales = vision impaired.

* con profusión = in profusion.

* con prontitud = expeditiously, promptly.

* con provecho = with profit.

* con púas = spiny [spinier -comp., spiniest -sup.].

* con rabo = caudate.

* con ráfagas de viento = blustery.

* con rapacidad = rapaciously.

* con rapidez = promptly.

* con razón = rightly, quite rightly, understandably, rightfully.

* con rebeldía = defiantly.

* con referencia = re.

* con referencia a = in relation to, in connection with, regarding.

* con referencias espaciales = spatially referenced.

* con regocijo = gleefully.

* con regularidad = regularly.

* con relación a = as regards, re, in relation to, in connection with, regarding, concerning.

* con rencor = spitefully.

* con reproche = reprovingly, reproachfully.

* con repugnancia = disgustedly.

* con resentimiento = resentfully, spitefully.

* con reserva = doubtfully.

* con reservas = qualified, with reservations.

* con resignación = resignedly, uncomplainingly.

* con resolución = resolutely.

* con respecto a = concerning, in regard to, regarding, regarding, vis à vis, with regard(s) to, with respect to, within, as to, in extent of, in terms of, in the way of, as for, as regards, in relation to, in comparison with, in comparison to, as to the matter of, in reference to, now as to.

* con respecto a si... o... = as to whether... or....

* con respeto = respectfully.

* con responsabilidad = responsibly.

* con retraso mental = mentally retarded.

* con rigor = rigourously [rigorously, -USA], harshly.

* con ruedas = wheeled.

* con rumbo a = bound for.

* con sabiduría = sagely.

* con sabor = flavoured [flavored, -USA].

* con sabor a ajo = garlicky.

* con sabor a fruta = fruity [fruitier -comp., fruitiest -sup.].

* con sabor artificial = artificially flavoured.

* con sagacidad = shrewdly.

* con saldo = prepaid [pre-paid].

* con salida al mercado = due out.

* con sarcasmo = sardonically, pungently.

* con satisfacción = contentedly.

* con sed = thirsty [thirstier -comp., thirstiest -sup.].

* con sed de poder = power-hungry.

* con sede en = headquartered (at/in), based in.

[b]* con sede en Amér

* * *

preposición

1)

a) (expresando relaciones de compañía, comunicación, reciprocidad) with

vive con su novio — she lives with her boyfriend

hablar con alguien — to talk to somebody

está casada con mi primo — she's married to my cousin

b) (indicando el objeto de comportamiento, actitud)

te portaste muy mal con ellos — you behaved very badly toward(s) them

he tenido mucha paciencia contigo — I have been very patient with you

c) ( indicando el acompañamiento de algo) with

se sirve con arroz — serve with rice

pan con mantequilla — bread and butter

2)

a) ( indicando una relación de simultaneidad)

una cápsula con cada comida — one capsule with each meal

se levanta con el alba — he gets up at the crack of dawn

b) ( indicando una relación de causa)

¿cómo vamos a ir con esta lluvia? — how can we go in this rain?

con tanta prisa se me olvidó — I was in such a hurry that I forgot

ella se lo ofreció, con lo que or con lo cual me puso a mí en un aprieto — she offered it to him, which put me in an awkward position

¿no lo vas a llevar, con lo que le gusta el circo? — aren't you going to take him? you know how much he likes the circus

con las veces que te lo pedí! — the (number of) times I asked you!

con lo tarde que es, ya se debe haber ido — it's really late, he should have gone by now

con todo lo que tengo que hacer! — on top of everything else I have to do!; todo III 2)

3)

a) (indicando instrumento, medio, material) with

córtalo con la tijera — cut it with the scissors, use the scissors to cut it

lo estás malcriando con tanto mimo — you're spoiling him with all this pampering

caray con la niña (or el vecino, etc)! — well would you believe it!

con + inf: con llorar no se arregla nada crying won't solve anything; con llamarlo por teléfono ya cumples if o as long as you call him, that should do; con decirte que... I mean, to give you an example...; me contento con que apruebes — as long as you pass I'll be happy; tal III 2)

b) ( indicando modo) with

andaba con dificultad — she was walking with difficulty

con mucho gusto! — with pleasure!

c) (al describir características, un estado)

amaneció con fiebre — he woke up with a temperature

ya estaba con dolores de parto — she was already having labor pains

andaba con ganas de bronca — he was looking for a fight

con las manos en los bolsillos — with his hands in his pockets

¿vas a ir con ese vestido? — are you going in that dress?

una mujer con aspecto de extranjera — a foreign-looking woman

4) (AmL) (indicando el agente, destinatario)

me peino con Gerardo — Gerardo does my hair

se estuvo quejando conmigo — she was complaining to me

* * *

= by use of, with, WITH, possessed of, what with, not without, featuring.

Ex: By use of the code 'p' on the saved document summary screen you can request than one of the saved document lists be printed.

Ex: Photographs are normally kept in drawers of standard filing cabinets, with folders or pockets, or both.

Ex: WITH retrieves records in which two (or more) terms appear in the same field.

Ex: Possessed of a phenomenal memory and a perpetual smile, this paragon always is ready to meet the public without losing balance or a sense of humor.

Ex: What with Consuelo Feng in tears and Bernice Washington very pale, and startled, all was incomprehensible.

Ex: It has shown that the technology can work, but not without problems.

Ex: The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.

* acoger con entusiasmo = greet + warmly.

* andar con cuidado = tread + lightly.

* asintiendo con entusiasmo = in eager assent.

* con abundantes dorados = heavily gilt.

* con afabilidad = good-naturedly.

* con afán = earnestly.

* con afecto = fondly, affectionately.

* con agallas = spunky.

* con agilidad = nimbly.

* con agradecimiento = gratefully.

* con agudeza = perceptively, subtly.

* con ahínco = diligently, industriously.

* con aire acondicionado = air conditioned.

* con alas = winged.

* con alborozo = mirthfully.

* con alegría = joyously, gleefully.

* con algoritmos = algorithmically.

* con alimentación manual = hand-fed.

* con altanería = superciliously, haughtily.

* con altibajos = chequered [checkered, -USA].

* con amabilidad = graciously.

* con amargura = bitterly.

* con amor no correspondido = lovelorn.

* con anotaciones = scripted.

* con ansias de conquistar el mundo = world-conquering.

* con ansias de leer = reading-desirous.

* con ansias de poder = power-hungry.

* con ansiedad = eagerly, with bated breath.

* con antelación = beforehand, ahead of time.

* con antelación a = in anticipation of, in advance (of), prior to.

* con anterioridad a = pre, prior to, before the days of.

* con anterioridad a la contratación = pre-employment [preemployment].

* con añoranza = longingly, wistfully.

* con apatía = listlessly.

* con aplicación = industriously, studiously.

* con aprensión = apprehensively.

* con aprobación = approvingly.

* con ardor = ardently.

* con armonía = harmoniously.

* con arrogancia = superciliously, haughtily.

* con asco = disgustedly.

* con asiduidad = assiduously.

* con aspecto de adulto = adult-looking.

* con astucia = by cunning, astutely, slyly, shrewdly, cannily.

* con atención = attentively.

* con audacia = boldly.

* con autoridad = authoritative, authoritatively.

* con avances = stepped-up.

* con avaricia = rapaciously.

* con baño = en suite, en-suite bathroom, en-suite bath, en-suite facilities.

* con barba = bearded.

* con base de arena = sand-based.

* con base empírica = empirically-based.

* con base en = based in.

* con bastante antelación = well in advance, far in advance.

* con bastante frecuencia = quite frequently, fairly often.

* con basura por el suelo = littered.

* con bisagras = hinged.

* con botones = buttoned, buttoned-up.

* con botones por detrás = back-buttoning.

* con brotes = budded.

* con buena fama = respected.

* con buena reputación = respected, reputable.

* con buenas conexiones = well-connected.

* con buenas intenciones = well meant, in good faith, well-intentioned, well-intended, well-meaning.

* con buen gusto = tastefully.

* con buen humor = good-humouredly.

* con buenos contactos = well-connected.

* con buenos modales = politely.

* con bultos = lumpiness.

* con burbujas = carbonated.

* con cable = corded.

* con cafeina = caffeinated.

* con cajero = cashiered.

* con calefacción = heated.

* con calefacción central = centrally heated.

* con calma = calmly, leisurely, tranquilly.

* con capucha = hooded.

* con cara de cansado = bleary-eyed.

* con cara de sueño = bleary-eyed.

* con cargo a = to be debited to, to be charged to.

* con cargo de conciencia = remorseful.

* con cariño = fondly, affectionately.

* con carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].

* con cautela = cautiously, warily, with a grain of salt.

* con certeza = for sure, with assurance, for certain.

* con chasis fabricado por separado del bastidor = coachbuilt [coach-built].

* con cierta comodidad = with some ease.

* con cierta facilidad = with some ease.

* con cierta formación = educated.

* con cierta frecuencia = not uncommonly.

* con cierto detalle = at some length.

* con cierto gasto = at some expense.

* con cinismo = cynically.

* con cintura de avispa = wasp-waisted.

* con claustros = cloistered.

* con clavos = hobnailed.

* con cobro = fee-based.

* con codicia = rapaciously.

* con cola = caudate.

* con cola espesa = bushy-tailed.

* con cola tupida = bushy-tailed.

* con cólicos = colicky newborn.

* con columnas corintias = Corinthian-columned.

* con comodidad = with ease, easily.

* con comprensión = sympathetically.

* con compromisos = strings attached.

* con condiciones especiales = strings attached.

* con confianza = confidently, with confidence, trustingly, trustfully.

* con confianza en uno mismo = self-confident.

* con conocimiento = authoritatively.

* con conocimiento básico en el manejo de la información = information literate [information-literate].

* con conocimiento básico en el uso de la biblioteca = library literate [library-literate].

* con conocimiento de = appreciative of, conversant with.

* con conocimiento de causa = knowingly.

* con conocimiento de informática = computer literate [computer-literate].

* con conocimiento en el uso de Internet = Internet-savvy.

* con conocimientos en = versed in.

* con conocimientos sobre el correo electrónico = e-mail literate.

* con consecuencias fatales = fatally.

* con consentimiento = willing.

* con contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.

* con control atmosférico = atmospherically-controlled.

* con copyright = copyright-protected.

* con corazón de piedra = stony-hearted.

* con corrientes de aire = draughty [drafty, -USA].

* con cortesía = courteously.

* con costras = caked.

* con creces = amply, far + Verbo.

* con créditos = credit-carrying.

* con criterio = discerning.

* con cualidades humanas = anthropomorphic.

* con cuanta creatividad = how creatively.

* con cuernos = horned.

* con cuidado = gently, carefully.

* con cúpula = domed.

* con datos no pertinentes = dirty [dirtier -comp., dirtiest -sup.].

* con decisión = decisively.

* con dedos pegajosos = sticky-fingered.

* con deferencia = dutifully.

* con deleite = with gusto.

* con delicadeza = delicately, gently.

* con demasiada facilidad = all too easily.

* con demasiada frecuencia = all too often, all too frequently, too often.

* con demasiadas expectativas = over expectant.

* con demasiados miramientos = mealy-mouthed.

* con demasiado trabajo = overworked.

* con demasidad facilidad = all too easy.

* con derecho a voto = eligible to vote.

* con derecho de autor = copyright-protected.

* con derechos de autor = copyrightable, royalty-paid.

* con desaliento = despondently, dispiritedly, hopelessly.

* con desánimo = dejectedly, despondently.

* con desaprobación = disapproving, disapprovingly.

* con descaro = impudently.

* con desconfianza = suspiciously.

* con descuento = at a discount, discounted, cut-price, cut-rate.

* con desenfado = lightheartedly.

* con desesperación = dispiritedly, hopelessly.

* con desfachatez = impudently.

* con desgana = listlessly, reluctantly, unwillingly.

* con destino a = to.

* con destreza = nimbly, adeptly, with ease.

* con detalle = at a detailed level, in detail.

* con determinación = with purpose, single-mindedly, purposefully, steadfastly.

* con dientes de conejo = bucktoothed.

* con dientes de sierra = serrated.

* con dientes salidos = bucktoothed.

* con diferencia = by far.

* con diferentes variaciones = in variation.

* con dificultad = laboriously, with difficulty.

* con dificultades = in difficulties.

* con diligencia = sedulously, industriously, studiously.

* con dinamismo = proactively [pro-actively], vivaciously.

* con diplomacia = diplomatically.

* con discapacidades físicas = physically challenged.

* con disimulo = on the quiet, on the sly.

* con doble acristalamiento = double-glazed.

* con doble titulación = dually qualified.

* con dos caras = double-faced.

* con dos facetas = double-faced.

* con dudas = uncertainly.

* con dudosa reputación = disreputable.

* con dureza = harshly.

* con efecto desde + Fecha = with effect from + Fecha.

* con eficacia = ably.

* con eficiencia = ably.

* con efusión = effusively.

* con ejemplos = by example(s).

* con él = therewith.

* con el agua al cuello = in hot water.

* con el agua hasta el cuello = in deep water.

* con el alma en vilo = on tenterhooks.

* con el ánimo de = in the spirit of.

* con el ceño fruncido = with a frown.

* con el conocimiento de que = on the understanding that.

* con el corazón destrozado = broken-hearted.

* con el corazón en la boca = on tenterhooks.

* con el corazón en un puño = on tenterhooks.

* con el corazón partido = broken-hearted.

* con el corazón roto = broken-hearted.

* con el correr del tiempo = over the years, in the process of time, with the passage of time.

* con el culo al aire = out in the cold.

* con el debido respeto = with due respect.

* con el decursar del tiempo = with the passage of time, in the process of time.

* con elegancia = elegantly, gracefully.

* con el emblema = under the banner.

* con el fin de = in order to.

* con ello = in doing so, in the process, thereto.

* con ellos = with them.

* con el más sumo cuidado = with utmost care.

* con el mayor cuidado = with utmost care.

* con el mayor secreto = a veil of secrecy.

* con el mismo = therewith.

* con el mismo + Nombre + como el que... = as + Adverbio + as....

* con el mismo planteamiento que = on the same lines as.

* con el nacimiento de = at the dawn of.

* con el nombre y dirección del remitente = self-addressed.

* con el número = numbered.

* con el objetivo de = with the purpose of, with a brief to, with the aim of, with a focus on.

* con el objeto de = in the attempt to, in the drive to, in a drive to.

* con el paso de = with the passing of.

* con el paso de los años = with the passing of (the) years.

* con el paso del tiempo = over the years, over time, with the passage of time, in due course, over a period of time, in the course of time, over the course of time, in the process of time, as time passed (by), as time passes (by), as time went by.

* con el pie deformado = clubfooted.

* con el pretexto de = under the guise of, under the flag of, in the guise of.

* con el primer intento = at the first shot.

* con el propósito de = with the purpose of, with the aim of, in the drive to, in a drive to.

* con el propósito de superarse uno mismo = self-improvement-oriented.

* con el rabo entre las piernas = with a flea in + Posesivo + ear.

* con el sudor de + Posesivo + frente = by the sweat of + Posesivo + brow.

* con el suelo de tierra = dirt-floored.

* con el tiempo = in time, over the years, with time, with the passage of time, eventually, in due course, over a period of time, in due time, over time, in the process of time, as time passed (by), as time passes (by), as time goes by, as time went by, by and by.

* con el título = entitled.

* con el transcurrir del tiempo = with the passage of time, in the process of time, as time passed (by).

* con el transcurso de = with the passing of.

* con el transcurso de los años = over the years, with the passing of (the) years.

* con el transcurso de los siglos = over the course of the centuries.

* con el transcurso del tiempo = over time, with time, with age, in the course of time, over the course of time, as time passes (by), as time went by.

* con el uso = in use, with use.

* con encimera de mármol = marble-top.

* con energía = powerfully.

* con enfado = angrily.

* con enfermedades mentales = mentally challenged.

* con entusiasmo = eagerly, enthusiastically, rhapsodically, wholeheartedly [whole-heartedly].

* con entusiasmo en los ojos = bright-eyed.

* con errores = flawed.

* con errores gramaticales = grammatically challenged, grammatically incorrect.

* con escamas = flaky.

* con ese fin = to that end.

* con esmero = sedulously, studiously.

* con eso = thereto, by this.

* con esperanza = in hopeful expectation.

* con espíritu deportivo = sportingly.

* con este fin = to this end, to that effect.

* con estilo = stylish.

* con esto = by so doing, in so doing, in this, herewith, by doing so, by this, in doing so.

* con estructura de acero = steel-framed.

* con estructura de madera = timber-framed.

* con estudios = schooled, educated.

* con exactitud = precisely.

* con excepción de = with the exception of, except for.

* con éxito = successful, successfully, winningly.

* con expectación = expectantly.

* con experiencia = experienced.

* con experiencia ampliamente demostrada = proven.

* con experiencia profesional = professionally-qualified.

* con exuberancia = lushly.

* con facilidad = without difficulty, fluently, with ease, easily.

* con fascinación = rhapsodically.

* con fecha = dated, dated.

* con fecha + Fecha = dated + Fecha.

* con ferocidad = ferociously.

* con figuras en movimiento = animated.

* con filtros = filtered.

* con financiación independiente = self-funded.

* con financiación propia = self-funded.

* con fines + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.

* con fines lucrativos = profit-making, profit-orientated, profit-oriented, profit-generating.

* con firma = signed.

* con firmeza = assertively, resolutely, firmly, unshakably, staunchly.

* con flexibilidad = flexibly.

* con fluidez = fluent, fluently.

* con forma de castillo = castellated.

* con forma de estrella = star-shaped [star shaped].

* con forma de pelo = hair-like.

* con forma de pera = pear-shaped.

* con forma de pirámide = trihedral, pyramidal-shaped.

* con forma de tetraedro = trihedral.

* con forma de U = U-shaped.

* con forma piramidal = pyramidal-shaped.

* con franqueza = frankly.

* con frecuencia = frequently, often [oftener -comp., oftenest -sup.], oftentimes [often times], ofttimes [oft-times].

* con frondosidad = lushly.

* con fuertes aspiraciones profesionales = upward-mobile.

* con fuerza = forcefully, vigourously [vigorously, -USA], powerfully.

* con funda = jacketed.

* con fundamentos = informed.

* con fundamentos sólidos = well-considered.

* con furia = with a vengeance, furiously.

* con futuro = up-and-coming.

* con gafas = bespectacled.

* con ganas = with gusto.

* con ganas de pelear = on the warpath.

* con garantías de calidad = quality assured.

* con gas = carbonated.

* con generosidad = generously, unstintingly.

* con goteras = leaking, leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup].

* con gracia = wittily, funnily.

* con gran capacidad = capacious.

* con gran colorido = brightly coloured.

* con gran densidad de población = densely populated.

* con gran dificultad = with great difficulty.

* con grandilocuencia = grandly.

* con gran esplendor = grandly.

* con gran iluminación = brightly illuminated.

* con gran motivación = highly-motivated.

* con gran sentimiento = earnestly.

* con gratitud = gratefully.

* con gravedad = grimly.

* con guión = hyphenated.

* con gusto = happily, satisfyingly, stylish, willingly.

* con habilidad = adeptly.

* con hambre de poder = power-hungry.

* con hastial = gabled.

* con heridas superficiales = superficially wounded.

* con honestidad = honestly.

* con humildad = humbly.

* con humor = humorously.

* con ilusión = eagerly.

* con imágenes en movimiento = animated.

* con imaginación = imaginatively.

* con impaciencia = with bated breath.

* con impasibilidad = impassively.

* con impunidad = with impunity.

* con incredulidad = incredulously.

* con independencia de = in spite of, despite, although, despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that.

* con indiferencia = indifferently, casually.

* con indignación = disgustedly, indignantly.

* con indulgencia = leniently.

* con información = information-bearing.

* con iniciativa = proactively [pro-actively], proactive [pro-active], enterprising.

* con inocencia = innocently.

* con insistencia = insistently.

* con insolencia = impudently.

* con intencionalidad = calculated.

* con intenciones ocultas = agenda-laden.

* con intereses ocultos = agenda-laden.

* con intereses propios = self-interested.

* con interrupciones = discontinuous, episodic.

* con intervención directa = obtrusive.

* con ira = angrily.

* con júbilo = joyously, gleefully.

* con juicio de valor = value-loaded.

* con la anchura de los hombros = shoulder-width.

* con la ayuda de = under the guidance of.

* con la cabeza en las nubes = ditzy [ditzier -comp., ditziest -sup.], ditsy [ditsier -comp., ditsiest -sup.].

* con la conciencia limpia = with a clear conscience.

* con la conciencia tranquila = with a clear conscience.

* con la condición de que = on the understanding that, with the condition that, on the condition that.

* con la convicción de que = in the belief that/of, on the assumption that.

* con la debida consideración = with due consideration.

* con la debida cualificación = properly qualified.

* con la edad = with age.

* con la espalda contra la pared = up against the wall.

* con la esperanza de = in hope(s) of, with the hope(s) of.

* con la esperanza de que = in the hope(s) that, in hope(s) that.

* con la excusa de = in the name of, under the mantle of, under the flag of, under the guise of, in the guise of.

* con la expectativa de que = in hopeful expectation that.

* con la extensión de un libro = book-length.

* con la falda típica escocesa = kilted.

* con la formación adecuada = adequately-trained.

* con la frente en alto = stand + tall.

* con lagañas en los ojos = bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].

* con la imaginación = in imagination.

* con la intención de = designing, with an eye toward(s), intending to, aimed at, purposefully, intended to, in the drive to, in a drive to.

* con la intención de comunicar hechos = fact-communicating.

* con la llegada de = with the advent of, with the arrival of.

* con la mejor voluntad del mundo = in good faith.

* con la mente despejada = clear-headed.

* con la mirada en = with an eye toward(s).

* con la mirada en blanco = blankly.

* con la mirada perdida = stare into + space, gaze into + space.

* con la mirada puesta en = with an eye on, in + Posesivo + sights.

* con la misma altura que = the full height of.

* con la portada hacia fuera = face-out.

* con la punta de los pies mirando hacia dentro = pigeon-toed.

* con la sabiduría que da la experiencia = with the benefit of hindsight.

* con las características similares a las de texto = text-like.

* con lascivia = lustily.

* con las dimensiones de una pared = wall-sized.

* con las dos manos = two handed [two-handed].

* con las espalda contra la pared = with + Posesivo + back against the wall.

* con las esquinas dobladas = dog-eared.

* con las garras fuera = knives-out.

* con las manos muy largas = light-fingered.

* con las manos vacías = empty-handed.

* con las mejores intenciones = best-intentioned.

* con la soga al cuello = in dire straits.

* con las orejas gachas = with a flea in + Posesivo + ear, depressed.

* con las rodillas mirando hacia dentro y los talones hacia fuera = knock-kneed.

* con (la) suficiente antelación = in good time, early enough, well in advance.

* con las uñas fuera = knives-out.

* con lazos muy estrechos = close-knit.

* con legañas en los ojos = bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].

* con licencia para vender bebidas alcohólicas = licensed, licensed.

* con limitación temporal = time-oriented.

* con límites impuestos por uno mismo = self-limiting.

* con llave = locked, locking.

* con lo cual = whereupon.

* con lo pies sobre la tierra = down-to-earth.

* con los nervios a flor de piel = edgy [edgier -comp., edgiest -sup.], nervy [nervier -comp., nerviest -sup.], on edge, highly-strung.

* con los nervios de punta = edgy [edgier -comp., edgiest -sup.], nervy [nervier -comp., nerviest -sup.], on edge.

* con los ojos empañados = misty-eyed.

* con los ojos hinchados = bleary-eyed.

* con los ojos llorosos = misty-eyed, bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].

* con los ojos nublados = misty-eyed.

* con los ojos vendados = blindfold, blindfolded.

* con los últimos avances = state-of-the-art, leading edge.

* con lujuria = lustily.

* con machetes = machete-wielding.

* con madurez = maturely.

* con magnanimidad = magnanimously.

* con mala fama = disreputable.

* con mala reputación = disreputable.

* con maldad = ill-naturedly.

* con malhumor = moodily.

* con maña = skilfully [skillfully, -USA], skilful [skillful, -USA].

* con marca = branded.

* con más antigüedad = longest-serving.

* con más detalle = in most detail, in more detail.

* con más frecuencia = most frequently.

* con más intensidad aun = with a vengeance.

* con más razón aún = a fortiori.

* con más vigor aun = with a vengeance.

* con más virulencia aun = with a vengeance.

* con más vitalidad = revitalised [revitalized, -USA].

* con mayor detalle = in greater detail.

* con mayor profundidad = in most detail, in more detail.

* con meandros = meandering.

* con mechones = streaky [streaker -comp., streakiest -sup.].

* con medios insuficientes = on a shoestring (budget).

* con medios muy escasos = on a shoestring (budget).

* con medios muy exiguos = on a shoestring (budget).

* con mejoras = stepped-up.

* con melancolía = wistfully.

* con miedo = fearfully, afraid, frightened.

* con millones de ventas = megaselling.

* con miras a (+ Infinitivo) = with a view to (+ Gerundio).

* con miras al futuro = forward-looking.

* con moderación = sparingly, in moderation.

* con motivo de = on the occasion of.

* con mucha ceremonia = ceremoniously.

* con mucha cohesión = tightly knit, closely knit, tight-knit.

* con mucha diferencia = by far.

* con mucha energía = high energy.

* con mucha frecuencia = very often.

* con mucha información = populated.

* con mucha labia = glibly, smooth-tongued, smooth-talking.

* con mucha palabrería = glibly.

* con mucha población = heavily populated.

* con mucha pompa = ceremoniously.

* con mucha prisa = without a minute to spare.

* con muchas actividades = event-filled.

* con muchas deudas = heavily indebted.

* con muchas ilustraciones = copiously illustrated.

* con muchas imágenes = image intensive.

* con muchas prestaciones = feature-filled, multifacility.

* con mucha vitalidad = lively [livelier -comp., liveliest -sup.].

* con mucho = very much, far + Verbo, grossly, overwhelmingly, by far, by a long shot, by a long way, hands down.

* con mucho ánimo = spiritedly.

* con mucho bombo = ceremoniously.

* con mucho contenido = information packed [information-packed].

* con mucho esfuerzo = painfully.

* con mucho éxito = with a wide appeal.

* con mucho protocolo = ceremoniously.

* con mucho público = well attended [well-attended].

* con muchos acontecimientos = event-filled.

* con muchos detalles = elaborately.

* con muchos eventos = event-filled.

* con muchos huesos y poca carne = bony [bonier -comp., boniest -sup.].

* con muchos lectores = with a wide appeal.

* con muchos miramientos = ceremoniously.

* con mucho trabajo = painfully.

* con muy poca antelación = at (a) very short notice.

* con muy poca anticipación = at (a) very short notice.

* con muy poca frecuencia = all too seldom, all too seldom.

* con muy pocas excepciones = with few exceptions, with a few exceptions.

* con muy pocos medios = on a shoestring (budget).

* con naturalidad = unselfconsciously.

* con nervios = rib.

* con niebla = foggy [foggier -comp., foggiest -sup.].

* con nosotros = with us.

* con nostalgia = wistfully.

* con notas a pie de página = footnoted.

* con + Número + año(s) de antelación = Número + year(s) ahead.

* con objetivos específicos = goal-oriented.

* con objeto de = in order to, in an attempt to, in an effort to, aimed at, with the purpose of, in a bid to, with the aim of.

* con objeto de hacer = toward(s).

* con objeto de (+ Infinitivo) = with a view to (+ Gerundio).

* con objeto de + Verbo = for the purpose of + Nombre.

* con ocasión de = on the occasion of.

* con ojos azules = blue-eyed.

* con ojos brillantes = bright-eyed.

* con ojos de lince = eagle-eyed, sharp-eyed.

* con ojos vivarachos = bright-eyed.

* con olor a ajo = garlicky.

* con olor a cerrado = musty [mustier -comp., mustiest -sup.], mousy [mousier -comp., mousiest -sup.].

* con olor a fruta = fruity [fruitier -comp., fruitiest -sup.].

* con olor a humedad = musty [mustier -comp., mustiest -sup.], mousy [mousier -comp., mousiest -sup.].

* con olor a orina = urinous.

* con olor a polvo = dust smelling.

* con orgullo = proudly.

* con otra copa de lo mismo se te cura la resaca = a hair of the dog that bit you.

* con paciencia = patiently.

* con pagos pendientes = be in arrears.

* con papel de calco intercalado = carbon interleaved paper.

* con participación del público mediante llamada telefónica = phone-in.

* con pasión = with passion, passionately.

* con patas = legged.

* con peligro de muerte = life threatening.

* con pelo cano = gray-haired, grey-haired.

* con pelos y señales = blow-by-blow.

* con pequeños matices = nuanced.

* con pereza = lazily.

* con perplejidad = quizzically, perplexedly.

* con perspicacia = perceptively.

* con pesar = with regret.

* con pesimismo = pessimistically, gloomily.

* con picardía = slyly, wickedly.

* con pie firme = sure-footed.

* con piernas = legged.

* con pinzas = with a grain of salt, clamp-on.

* con planes ocultos = agenda-laden.

* con pleno derecho = with full rights.

* con pliegues = pleated.

* con poca claridad = indistinctly.

* con poca exactitud = loosely.

* con poca experiencia = inexperienced.

* con poca iluminación = dimly illuminated.

* con poca imaginación = unimaginatively.

* con poca luz = badly-lit.

* con poca naturalidad = stiltedly.

* con poca población = thinly populated.

* con pocas habilidades = poor-ability.

* con poca visión de futuro = short-sighted [shortsighted].

* con poco conocimiento de las nuevas tecnologías = technologically challenged.

* con poco dinero = on the cheap.

* con poco entusiasmo = half-heartedly.

* con pocos recursos = under-resourced.

* con pocos recursos económicos = low-budget.

* con poder = powerful.

* con + Posesivo + ayuda = under + Posesivo + guidance.

* con posibilidades comerciales = commercially viable.

* con posterioridad a = subsequent to.

* con posterioridad a la contratación = post-employment [postemployment].

* con precipitación = rashly.

* con precisión = precisely.

* con preferencia = preferably.

* con preferencia sobre = in preference to.

* con prejuicios = prejudicial.

* con prepotencia = superciliously, haughtily.

* con pretensiones de superioridad moral = self-righteous.

* con principios = principled.

* con prisa = in a rush, in a hurry.

* con problemas = in hot water.

* con problemas de aprendizaje = learning disabled.

* con problemas de lectura = print disabled.

* con problemas de vista = vision impaired.

* con problemas visuales = vision impaired.

* con profusión = in profusion.

* con prontitud = expeditiously, promptly.

* con provecho = with profit.

* con púas = spiny [spinier -comp., spiniest -sup.].

* con rabo = caudate.

* con ráfagas de viento = blustery.

* con rapacidad = rapaciously.

* con rapidez = promptly.

* con razón = rightly, quite rightly, understandably, rightfully.

* con rebeldía = defiantly.

* con referencia = re.

* con referencia a = in relation to, in connection with, regarding.

* con referencias espaciales = spatially referenced.

* con regocijo = gleefully.

* con regularidad = regularly.

* con relación a = as regards, re, in relation to, in connection with, regarding, concerning.

* con rencor = spitefully.

* con reproche = reprovingly, reproachfully.

* con repugnancia = disgustedly.

* con resentimiento = resentfully, spitefully.

* con reserva = doubtfully.

* con reservas = qualified, with reservations.

* con resignación = resignedly, uncomplainingly.

* con resolución = resolutely.

* con respecto a = concerning, in regard to, regarding, regarding, vis à vis, with regard(s) to, with respect to, within, as to, in extent of, in terms of, in the way of, as for, as regards, in relation to, in comparison with, in comparison to, as to the matter of, in reference to, now as to.

* con respecto a si... o... = as to whether... or....

* con respeto = respectfully.

* con responsabilidad = responsibly.

* con retraso mental = mentally retarded.

* con rigor = rigourously [rigorously, -USA], harshly.

* con ruedas = wheeled.

* con rumbo a = bound for.

* con sabiduría = sagely.

* con sabor = flavoured [flavored, -USA].

* con sabor a ajo = garlicky.

* con sabor a fruta = fruity [fruitier -comp., fruitiest -sup.].

* con sabor artificial = artificially flavoured.

* con sagacidad = shrewdly.

* con saldo = prepaid [pre-paid].

* con salida al mercado = due out.

* con sarcasmo = sardonically, pungently.

* con satisfacción = contentedly.

* con sed = thirsty [thirstier -comp., thirstiest -sup.].

* con sed de poder = power-hungry.

* con sede en = headquartered (at/in), based in.

* con sede en Amér

* * *

con

prep

[ Grammar notes (Spanish) ]

A

1 (expresando relaciones de compañía, comunicación, reciprocidad) with

vive con el or su novio she lives with her boyfriend

¿quieres que hable con él? do you want me to talk to him?

está casada con un primo mío she's married to a cousin of mine

2

(indicando el objeto de un comportamiento, una actitud): te portaste muy mal con ellos you behaved very badly toward(s) them

se mostró muy amable (para) con nosotros he was very kind to us

he tenido mucha paciencia contigo I have been very patient with you

3 ( fam)

(yo y): eso es lo que estábamos diciendo con Lucía that's what Lucía and I were saying

4 (indicando el acompañamiento de algo) with

se sirve con arroz serve with rice

para mí con leche y sin azúcar, por favor milk and no sugar for me, please

pan con mantequilla bread and butter

5 ( Mat):

2,5 read as: dos con cinco 2.5 (léase: two point five)

B

1

(indicando una relación de simultaneidad): una cápsula con cada comida one capsule with each meal

se levanta con el alba he gets up at the crack of dawn

2

(indicando una relación de causa): ¿cómo vamos a ir con esta lluvia? how can we go in this rain o while it's raining like this?

me desperté con el ruido the noise woke me

con todo lo que pasó me olvidé de llamarte what with everything that happened I forgot to ring you

ella se lo ofreció, con lo que or con lo cual me puso a mí en un aprieto she offered to do it for me, which put me in an awkward position

3

(a pesar de): ¿no lo vas a llevar, con lo que le gusta el circo? aren't you going to take him? you know how much he likes the circus

¿cómo te olvidaste? ¡con las veces que te lo dije! how could you forget? the (number of) times I told you!

con ser tan tarde or lo tarde que es, no estoy cansada it's very late and yet I'm not at all tired, I'm not at all tired, even though it's so late

con todo (y con eso) me parece que es bueno even so o in spite of all that o all the same o nonetheless I think he's good

C (indicando el instrumento, medio, material) with

córtalo con la tijera cut it with the scissors, use the scissors to cut it

agárralo con las dos manos hold it with both hands

lo estás malcriando con tanto mimo you're spoiling him with all this pampering o by pampering him so much

con estos retazos se puede hacer una colcha you can make a quilt out of these bits of material

¡caray con la niña! y parecía tan modosita well fancy that! o well would you believe it! and she seemed so demure

con + INF:

con llorar no se arregla nada crying won't solve anything

no hay necesidad de escribir, con llamarlo ya cumples there's no need to write; as long as o if you call him, that should do

¡con decirte que un café cuesta el triple que aquí! I mean, to give you an example, a cup of coffee costs three times what it costs here

con que + SUBJ:

me contento con que apruebes as long as you pass I'll be happy

con tal de/con tal (de) que provided (that), as long as, so long as ( colloq)

no importa cómo lo hagas con tal (de) que lo hagas it doesn't matter how you do it, just as long as you do it

con tal (de) que me lo devuelvas antes de marzo as long as o provided I get it back by March

es capaz de cualquier cosa con tal de llamar la atención he'll do anything to attract attention

D

1 (indicando relaciones de modo) with

andaba con dificultad/cuidado she was walking with difficulty/with care o carefully

¡con mucho gusto! with pleasure!

2

(al describir características, un estado): amaneció con fiebre he had a temperature when he woke up, he woke up with a temperature

ya estaba con dolores de parto she was already having labor pains

andaba con ganas de bronca he was looking o spoiling for a fight

con las manos en los bolsillos with his hands in his pockets

¿vas a ir con ese vestido? are you going in that dress?

me gusta más con el pelo suelto I like her better with her hair down

una niña con ojos azules a girl with blue eyes, a blue-eyed girl

una mujer con aspecto de extranjera a foreign-looking woman

un monstruo con un solo ojo a one-eyed monster

una casa con piscina a house with a swimming pool

E

( AmL) (indicando el agente, destinatario): me peino con Gerardo Gerardo does my hair

me lo mandé hacer con un sastre I had it made by a tailor

se estuvo quejando conmigo she was complaining to me

* * *

con preposición
a) ( en general) with;

◊ vive con su novio she lives with her boyfriend;

¡con mucho gusto! with pleasure!;
córtalo con la tijera cut it with the scissor;
amaneció con fiebre he woke up with a temperature;
hablar con algn to talk to sb;
está casada con mi primo she's married to my cousin;
portarse mal con algn to behave badly toward(s) sb;
tener paciencia con algn to be patient with sb;
pan con mantequilla bread and butter;
¿vas a ir con ese vestido? are you going in that dress?
b) ( indicando una relación de causa):

◊ ¿cómo vamos a ir con esta lluvia? how can we go in this rain?;

ella se lo ofreció, con lo que or lo cual me puso a mí en un aprieto she offered it to him, which put me in an awkward position;
con lo tarde que es, ya se debe haber ido it's really late, he should have gone by now
c) con + inf:

◊ con llorar no se arregla nada crying won't solve anything;

con llamarlo por teléfono ya cumples as long as you call him, that should do;
me contento con que apruebes as long as you pass I'll be happy;
See Also→ tal adverbio 2
d) (AmL) (indicando el agente, destinatario):

◊ me peino con Gerardo Gerardo does my hair;

se estuvo quejando conmigo she was complaining to me
con preposición
1 (instrumento) with
córtalo con un cuchillo, cut it with a knife
1 (modo) with: hazlo con cuidado, do it carefully
me trató con frialdad, he treated me with coldness
2 (compañía) with: está paseando con mi madre, she is taking a walk with my mother
3 (causa) con este frío no apetece salir, I don't feel like going out in this cold
4 (estado) está con una depresión de caballo, he's deeply depressed
iba con los labios pintados, she has put some lipstick on
5 (contenido) with
una caja con fotografías, a box (full) of photos
6 (relación) to: está casada con un inglés, she is married to an Englishman
habló con Alberto, he spoke to Alberto
se disculpó con ella, he apologized to her
7 (con infinitivo) con avisar les evitas el disgusto, just by phoning you'll save them any worry
(+ que + subjuntivo) basta con que lo digas, it will be enough if you just say it
♦ Locuciones: con tal (de) que..., provided that...
con todo (y con eso), even so
' con' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abarcar
- abastecimiento
- abatirse
- ablandar
- abochornar
- abordar
- abrazar
- abrefácil
- abrumar
- acabar
- acanallar
- acaso
- acero
- acertar
- achicharrarse
- acierto
- aclararse
- acoger
- acosar
- acostarse
- acreditada
- acreditado
- acuerdo
- acusarse
- adelante
- adueñarse
- afortunada
- afortunado
- afrontar
- agarrar
- agenciarse
- agraciada
- agraciado
- agreste
- agua
- ahínco
- ahumar
- ahumada
- ahumado
- airosa
- airoso
- alhaja
- alinearse
- alma
- almohada
- alternar
- alzarse
- amanecer
- amiguete
- amilanarse
English:
abide
- above
- abruptly
- abstract
- accordance
- accurately
- accustom
- aching
- act
- admit
- advance
- advice
- advise
- afraid
- Afro
- ageing
- aggregate
- aggressively
- ago
- agree
- agreement
- ahead
- aim
- ale
- alive
- all
- allow for
- allowance
- ally
- alone
- along
- aloud
- amenable
- amenities
- Americana
- amusement
- and
- angel food cake
- angling
- angrily
- angry
- annoy
- antics
- apologize
- appointment
- approach
- approachable
- arbitration
- archery
- argument

* * *

con prep

1. [indica modo, manera o instrumento] with;

se cortó con un cuchillo she cut herself with a knife;

chocó con una farola he bumped into a lamppost;

vino con un taxi she came by taxi;

voy cómodo con estas botas/este jersey I'm comfortable in these boots/this sweater;

iré a la boda con un traje negro I'm going to the wedding in a black suit;

un joven con muy buenos modales a very polite young man;

andar con la cabeza alta to walk with one's head held high;

ir con prisa to be in a hurry;

actuar con timidez to behave timidly;

llover con fuerza to rain hard;

lo ha conseguido con su esfuerzo he has achieved it through his own efforts;

se lo puedes decir con toda confianza you needn't worry about telling her;

trátalo con mucho cariño treat him with a lot of affection o very affectionately;

lo haré con mucho gusto it will be a pleasure for me to do it, I'll be delighted to do it;

con arreglo a la ley in accordance with the law

2. [indica compañía, relación o colaboración] with;

vive con sus padres she lives with her parents;

se escribe con gente de varios países he corresponds with people from a number of different countries;

¿con quién vas? who are you going with?;

está muy enfadado con su madre he's very angry with his mother;

está casada con mi hermano she's married to my brother;

estoy de acuerdo con ellos I agree with them;

habló con todos he spoke to everybody;

un acuerdo de colaboración con el Caribe a cooperation agreement with the Caribbean

3. [indica contenido o cualidad]
una persona con carácter a person of character;

un hombre con bigote a man with a moustache;

una bolsa con patatas a bag of potatoes;

una cartera con varios documentos a briefcase containing several documents

4. [indica unión o adición]
un helado con nueces an ice cream with nuts;

un pastel con nata a cream cake;

el mío con leche, por favor I'd like milk in mine, please, I'd like mine white, please;

el total con el IVA alcanza un millón the total is a million including Br VAT o US (sales) tax;

tiene cuarenta con dos décimas de fiebre her temperature is 40.2 degrees

5. [indica estado o situación]
con buena salud in good health;

está en cama con gripe she's in bed with flu;

está con un enfado tremendo he's really angry;

el niño está con ganas de ir al baño the child wants to go to the Br toilet o US bathroom;

corría con ellos pisándome los talones I ran with them hot o hard on my heels

6. [indica causa]
el hielo se derrite con el calor ice melts when heated;

me desperté con la música del vecino I was woken up by our neighbour playing music;

con este tiempo no se puede ir de excursión we can't go out on a trip in this weather;

con el tiempo lo olvidé in time I forgot it;

con todo el trabajo que hemos tenido hoy, se me ha olvidado llamarle with all the work we've had today, I've forgotten to call her;

se entristeció con las noticias she was sad when she heard the news;

cómprales el libro, ¡con lo que les gusta leer! buy them the book, they like reading so much they'll be delighted!

7. [hacia]
para con towards;

es amable para con todos she is friendly towards o with everyone

8. (+ infinitivo) [para introducir una condición] by;

con hacerlo así by doing it this way;

con llamar ya quedarás bien you'll make a good impression just by phoning;

con llorar no consigues nada it's no good crying, crying won't get you anywhere;

con no decírselo a nadie, el secreto está garantizado if we don't tell anyone, secrecy will be guaranteed;

con salir a las diez es suficiente if we leave at ten, we'll have plenty of time

9. [a condición de que]
con que, con tal de que as long as;

con que llegue a tiempo me conformo I don't mind as long as he arrives on time;

te dejo el gato con tal de que le des de comer I'll let you look after the cat as long as you feed it

10. [a pesar de] in spite of;

con todo despite everything;

con todo lo raro que es, me encantan sus películas he may be weird, but I love his films, for all his weirdness, I love his films;

con lo que hemos caminado hoy, y no estoy cansado despite the fact that we've walked so far today, I'm still not tired

11. [para expresar queja o decepción]
mira que perder, ¡con lo bien que jugaste! you were unlucky to lose, you played really well!;

con lo agradable que es, y casi no tiene amigos considering how nice he is, he has surprisingly few friends

12. Am [donde]
fue a quejarse con su madre he complained to his mother;

se hace los zapatos con Ardaches she has her shoes made at Ardaches;

los domingos comen con su padre on Sundays they eat at her father's

13. Méx [tras] after;

ha trabajado día con día she's worked day after day o day in day out

* * *

con

prp

1 with;

voy con ellos I’m going with them;

pan con mantequilla bread and butter;

estar con alguien tb fig be with s.o.

2

:

con todo eso in spite of all that;

con tal de que provided that, as long as;

con hacer eso by doing that;

para con alguien to s.o., toward s.o.;

con este calor in this heat;

¡con lo que he hecho por él! after all I’ve done for him!

3

:

ser amable con alguien be kind to s.o.

* * *

con prep

1) : with

vengo con mi padre: I'm going with my father

¡con quién hablas?: who are you speaking to?

2) : in spite of

con todo: in spite of it all

3) : to, towards

ella es amable con los niños: she is kind to the children

4) : by

con llegar temprano: by arriving early

5)

con (tal) que : as long as, so long as

* * *

con prep

1. (instrumento, compañía) with

lo corté con unas tijeras I cut it with a pair of scissors

fui con unos amigos I went with some friends

2. (relación) to

hablo con todos I talk to everyone

sé amable con ella be nice to her

3. (combinación) and

chocolate con churros hot chocolate and fritters

pan con tomate bread and tomato

4. (contenido) of

una bolsa con dinero a bag of money / a bag containing money

5. (condición) by

nada se pierde con intentarlo you've got nothing to lose by trying

con decir que no te interesa, será suficiente all you need to do is say you're not interested

con lo + adjetivo but / yet

con lo caro que ha costado y no funciona bien it was very expensive, but it doesn't work

con lo inteligente que eres y suspendes you're so clever and yet you fail

Spanish-English dictionary > con
43 scharf

(beißend) caustic; acrimonious; biting; pungent; acrid; tart;

(bissig) fierce;

(brüsk) stiff;

(geladen) live;

(gewürzt) hot;

(scharfsinnig) trenchant; incisive; keen;

(schneidend) cutting; edged; sharp;

(sexuell erregt) randy (ugs.); horny (ugs.)

* * *
schạrf [ʃarf]
1. adj comp - er
['ʃɛrfɐ] superl -ste(r, s) ['ʃɛrfstə]
1) Messer, Kante, Kurve sharp; (= durchdringend) Wind keen, biting, cutting; Kälte biting; Luft raw, keen; Frost sharp, keen; Ton piercing, shrill

das scharfe S (Aus inf) — the "scharfes s" (German symbol ß), ess-tset

ein Messer scharf machen — to sharpen a knife

2) (= stark gewürzt) hot; Geruch, Geschmack pungent, acrid; Käse strong, sharp; Alkohol (= stark) strong; (= brennend) fiery; (= ätzend) Waschmittel, Lösung caustic

scharfe Sachen (inf) — hard stuff (inf)

3) (= hart, streng) Mittel, Maßnahmen tough, severe, drastic; (inf) Prüfung, Untersuchung strict, tough; Lehrer, Polizist tough; Bewachung close, tight; Hund fierce

4) (= schonungslos, stark) Worte, Kritik sharp, biting, harsh; Widerstand, Konkurrenz fierce, tough; Gegner, Protest strong, fierce; Auseinandersetzung bitter, fierce

eine scharfe Zunge haben — to have a sharp tongue, to be sharp-tongued

jdn/etw in scharfer Form kritisieren — to criticize sb/sth in strong terms

etw in schärfster Form or aufs Schärfste or aufs schärfste verurteilen — to condemn sth in the strongest possible terms

5) (= deutlich, klar, genau) sharp; Unterschied sharp, marked; Brille, Linse sharply focusing; Augen sharp, keen; Töne clear, precise; Verstand, Intelligenz, Gehör sharp, keen, acute; Beobachter keen

ein scharfes Auge für etw haben (fig) — to have a keen or sharp eye for sth

mit scharfem Blick (fig) — with penetrating insight

6) (= heftig, schnell) Ritt, Trab hard

ein scharfes Tempo fahren (inf) — to drive hell for leather (Brit) or like a bat out of hell (inf), to drive at quite a lick (Brit inf)

einen scharfen Stil fahren (inf) — to drive hard

7) (= echt) Munition etc, Schuss live

etw scharf machen — to arm sth

scharfe Schüsse abgeben — to shoot or fire live bullets

8) (inf = geil) randy (Brit inf horny (inf)

jdn scharf machen — to turn sb on (inf)

scharf werden — to get turned on (inf), to get randy (Brit inf) or horny (inf)

auf jdn/etw scharf sein — to be keen on (inf) or hot for (inf) sb/sth, to fancy sb/sth (inf)

der Kleine/Alte ist scharf wie Nachbars Lumpi or tausend Russen or sieben Sensen (dated) — he's a randy (Brit) or horny little/old bugger (inf)

See:

→ auch scharfmachen

2. adv comp -er,
superl am -sten
1)

(= intensiv) scharf nach etw riechen — to smell strongly of sth

scharf würzen — to season highly, to make hot (inf)

Fleisch scharf anbraten — to sear meat

sie kocht sehr scharf — her cooking is very spicy

sie hat das Curry scharf zubereitet — she made the curry hot

2)

(= schneidend) etw scharf schleifen — to sharpen or hone sth to a fine edge

schärfer geschliffen — more finely sharpened

das "s" wird oft scharf ausgesprochen — "s" is often voiceless, "s" is often pronounced as an "s" and not a "z"

3) (= heftig) attackieren, kritisieren sharply; ablehnen adamantly; protestieren emphatically

etw scharf verurteilen — to criticize sth sharply

4) (= konzentriert) zuhören closely

scharf beobachten — to be very observant

etw scharf unter die Lupe nehmen — to examine sth carefully

etw scharf betrachten — to look at sth intensely

scharf aufpassen — to pay close attention

scharf zuhören — to listen closely

jdn scharf ansehen — to give sb a scrutinizing look; (missbilligend) to look sharply at sb

scharf nachdenken — to have a good or long think, to think long and hard

5) (= präzise) analysieren carefully, in detail

etw scharf umreißen (fig) — to outline sth precisely or clearly

6)

(= genau) etw scharf einstellen (Bild, Diaprojektor etc) — to bring sth into focus; Sender to tune sth in (properly)

scharf eingestellt — in (sharp) focus, (properly) tuned in

scharf sehen/hören — to have sharp eyes/ears

7) (= schnell) fahren, marschieren fast

scharf galoppieren — to ride at a full gallop

scharf reiten — to ride hard

8) (= abrupt) bremsen sharply, hard

scharf links abbiegen — to take a hard left

scharf kehrtmachen — to turn on one's heel

9)

(= hart) scharf vorgehen/durchgreifen — to take decisive action

etw scharf bekämpfen — to take strong measures against sth

10) (= streng) bewachen closely

jdn scharf kontrollieren — to examine sb thoroughly

11)

(= knapp) scharf kalkulieren — to reduce one's profit margin

schärfer kalkulieren — to reduce one's profit margin even more

scharf rechnen — to figure it out carefully

12) (= fein) hören, sehen clearly, well

13) (MIL)

das Gewehr war scharf geladen — the rifle was loaded with live ammunition

in der Diskussion wurde ziemlich scharf geschossen (inf) — the discussion became rather heated, sparks flew in the discussion

* * *

1) acutely

2) ((of the senses) keen: acute hearing.) acute

3) ((of food) having a sharp, burning taste: a hot curry.) hot

4) (insulting or offending: a cutting remark.) cut

5) keenly

6) keen

7) (sharp: Her eyesight is as keen as ever.) keen

8) ((of wind etc) very cold and biting.) keen

9) ((of food) containing a lot of pepper: The soup is too peppery.) peppery

10) (full of energy, and capable of becoming active: a live bomb) live

11) pungently

12) ((of a taste or smell) sharp and strong.) pungent

13) (unpleasantly stale and strong: a rank smell of tobacco.) rank

14) severe

15) (having a thin edge that can cut or a point that can pierce: a sharp knife.) sharp

16) ((of changes in direction) sudden and quick: a sharp left turn.) sharp

17) (alert: Dogs have sharp ears.) sharp

18) (with an abrupt change of direction: Turn sharp left here.) sharp

19) (in a sharp manner: a sharply-pointed piece of glass; The road turned sharply to the left; He rebuked her sharply.) sharply

* * *

scharf

<schärfer, schärfste>

[ʃarf]

I. adj

1. (gut geschliffen) Messer, Klinge sharp, keen form

\scharfe Krallen/Zähne sharp claws/teeth

etw \scharf machen to sharpen sth

etw \scharf schleifen to sharpen sth

2. (spitz zulaufend) sharp

eine \scharfe Bügelfalte a sharp crease

\scharfe Gesichtszüge sharp features

eine \scharfe Kante a sharp edge

eine \scharfe Kurve/Kehre a hairpin bend

eine \scharfe Nase a sharp nose

3. KOCHK (hochprozentig) strong; (sehr würzig) highly seasoned; (stark gewürzt) hot

\scharfe Gewürze/ \scharfer Senf hot spices/mustard

\scharfer Käse strong cheese

einen S\scharfen trinken (fam) to knock back some of the hard stuff fam

4. (ätzend) aggressive, caustic [or strong]

\scharfe Dämpfe caustic vapours [or AM -ors]

ein \scharfer Geruch a pungent odour [or AM -or]

\scharfe Putzmittel aggressive detergents; s.a. Sache

5. (schonungslos, heftig) harsh, severe, tough

\scharfe Ablehnung fierce [or strong] opposition

\scharfe Aufsicht/Bewachung/Kontrolle rigorous [or strict] supervision/surveillance/control

\scharfe Auseinandersetzungen bitter altercations

\scharfe dirigistische Eingriffe POL drastic state interference

etw in schärfster Form verurteilen to condemn sth in the strongest possible terms

ein \scharfer Gegner a fierce opponent

\scharfe Konkurrenz fierce [or keen] competition

\scharfe Maßnahmen ergreifen to take drastic [or harsh] measures

ein \scharfer Polizist a tough policeman

ein \scharfer Prüfer a strict examiner

\scharfer Protest strong [or vigorous] protest

ein \scharfes Urteil a harsh [or scathing] judgement

6. (bissig) fierce, vicious pej

\scharfe Kritik biting [or fierce] criticism

ein \scharfer Verweis a strong reprimand

\scharfer Widerstand fierce [or strong] resistance

eine \scharfe Zunge haben to have a sharp tongue

sehr \scharf gegen jdn werden to be very sharp with sb

7. inv (echt) real

eine \scharfe Bombe a live bomb

mit \scharfen Patronen schießen to shoot live bullets

\scharfe Schüsse abfeuern to shoot with live ammunition

8. (konzentriert, präzise) careful, keen

ein \scharfer Analytiker a careful [or thorough] analyst

eine \scharfe Auffassungsgabe haben to have keen powers of observation

ein \scharfes Auge für etw akk haben to have a keen eye for sth

ein \scharfer Beobachter a keen [or perceptive] observer

\scharfe Beobachtung astute [or keen] observation

\scharfe Betrachtung careful [or thorough] examination

\scharfer Blick close [or thorough] inspection

\scharfe Intelligenz keen intelligence

ein \scharfer Verstand a keen [or sharp] mind

9. FOTO sharp

ein gestochen \scharfes Foto an extremely sharp photo

eine \scharfe Linse a strong [or powerful] lens

\scharfe Umrisse sharp outlines

10. (schneidend) biting

\scharfer Frost sharp frost

\scharfe Kälte biting [or fierce] cold

\scharfes Licht glaring [or stabbing] light

\scharfe Luft raw air

eine \scharfe Stimme a sharp voice

ein \scharfer Ton a shrill sound

ein \scharfer Wind a biting wind

11. (forciert) hard, fast

in \scharfem Galopp reiten to ride at a furious gallop

ein \scharfer Ritt a hard ride

in \scharfem Tempo at a [fast and] furious pace

12. (sl: fantastisch) great fam, fantastic fam, terrific

ein \scharfes Auto a cool car

[das ist] \scharf! [that is] cool!

das ist das Schärfste! (sl) that [really] takes the biscuit [or AM cake]! fig

13. FBALL (kraftvoll) fierce

ein \scharfer Schuss a fierce shot

14. (aggressiv) fierce

ein \scharfer [Wach]hund a fierce [watch]dog

15. (sl: aufreizend, geil) spicy fam, naughty fam, sexy fam

ein \scharfes Mädchen a sexy girl

\scharf auf jdn sein (fam) to have the hots for sb fam

auf etw akk \scharf sein to [really] fancy sth fam, to be keen on sth

II. adv

1. (in einen scharfen Zustand)

\scharf gebügelte Hosen sharply ironed trousers [or pants

2. (intensiv gewürzt)

ich esse/koche gerne \scharf I like eating/cooking spicy/hot food

\scharf schmecken to taste hot

etw \scharf würzen to highly season sth

3. (heftig) sharply

etw \scharf ablehnen to reject sth outright [or out of hand], to flatly reject sth

etw \scharf angreifen [o attackieren] to attack sth sharply [or viciously]

\scharf durchgreifen to take drastic action

etw \scharf kritisieren to criticize sth sharply [or harshly] [or severely]

gegen etw akk \scharf protestieren to protest strongly [or vigorously] against sth

etw \scharf verurteilen to condemn sth strongly [or harshly]

jdm \scharf widersprechen to vehemently contradict

4. (konzentriert, präzise) carefully

\scharf analysieren to analyze carefully [or painstakingly] [or thoroughly]

\scharf aufpassen to take great [or extreme] care

ein Problem \scharf beleuchten to get right to the heart of a problem

\scharf beobachten to observe [or watch] carefully [or closely]

\scharf hinsehen to look good and hard

etw \scharf unter die Lupe nehmen to investigate sth carefully [or thoroughly], to take a careful [or close] look at sth

\scharf nachdenken to think hard

etw \scharf umreißen to define sth clearly [or sharply

5. (streng) hard, closely

etw \scharf bekämpfen to fight hard [or strongly] against sth

jdn \scharf bewachen to keep a close guard on sb

gegen etw akk \scharf durchgreifen [o vorgehen] to take drastic [or vigorous] action [or to take drastic steps] against sth

6. (klar) sharply

der Baum hebt sich \scharf vom Hintergrund ab the tree contrasts sharply to the background

das Bild/den Sender \scharf einstellen to sharply focus the picture/tune in the station

\scharf sehen to have keen [or sharp] eyes

7. (abrupt) abruptly, sharply

\scharf links/rechts abbiegen/einbiegen to take a sharp left/right, to turn sharp left/right

Fleisch \scharf anbraten to sear meat

\scharf bremsen to brake sharply, to slam on the brakes

8. (gefährlich)

\scharf geladen sein to be loaded [with live ammunition]

\scharf schießen to shoot [with live ammunition]

9. (in forciertem Tempo) fast, like the wind [or devil]

\scharf reiten to ride hard

10. FBALL (kraftvoll) fiercely

\scharf schießen to shoot fiercely

* * *
1.
; schärfer, schärfst... Adjektiv

1) sharp

2) (stark gewürzt, brennend, stechend) hot; strong <drink, vinegar, etc.>; caustic < chemical>; pungent, acrid < smell>

3) (durchdringend) shrill; (hell) harsh; biting <wind, air, etc.>; sharp < frost>

4) (deutlich wahrnehmend) keen; sharp

5) (deutlich hervortretend) sharp <contours, features, nose, photograph>

6) (schonungslos) tough, fierce <resistance, competition, etc.>; sharp <criticism, remark, words, etc.>; strong, fierce <opponent, protest, etc.>; severe, harsh <sentence, law, measure, etc.>; fierce < dog>

eine scharfe Zunge haben — have a sharp tongue

7) (schnell) fast; hard <ride, gallop, etc.>

8) (explosiv) live; (Ballspiele) powerful < shot>

scharfe Schüsse abgeben — fire live bullets

9)

das scharfe S — (bes. österr.) the German letter ‘ß’

10) (ugs.): (geil) sexy <girl, clothes, pictures, etc.>; randy <fellow, thoughts, etc.>

11)

scharf auf jemanden/etwas sein — (ugs.) really fancy somebody (coll.) /be really keen on something
2.
adverbial

1)

scharf würzen/abschmecken — season/flavour highly

scharf riechen — smell pungent or strong

2) (durchdringend) shrilly; (hell) harshly; (kalt) bitingly

3) (deutlich wahrnehmend) <listen, watch, etc.> closely, intently; <think, consider, etc.> hard

scharf aufpassen — pay close attention

4) (deutlich hervortretend) sharply

5) (schonungslos) <attack, criticize, etc.> sharply, strongly; <contradict, oppose, etc.> strongly, fiercely; <watch, observe, etc.> closely

6) (schnell) fast

scharf bremsen — brake hard or sharply

7)

scharf schießen — shoot with live ammunition

* * *

scharf; schärfer, am schärfsten

A. adj

1. Messer etc: sharp (auch fig);

scharfe Zunge sharp tongue

2. Essen: hot, spicy, highly seasoned; Essig, Senf, Käse: strong; Geruch: acrid, pungent; Säure: caustic; Paprika, Pfeffer: hot; Alkohol: strong; (brennend) sharp; Waschmittel: aggressive;

scharfe Saucen picante sauces;

scharfe Sachen umg the hard stuff sg;

das ist vielleicht ein scharfes Zeug umg it really burns your throat

3. Sinnesorgan etc: sharp;

scharfes Auge, scharfer Blick sharp ( oder keen) eye(s), keen eyesight;

ein scharfes Auge haben für have a keen ( oder good) eye for;

scharfes Gehör sharp ears, keen sense of hearing;

scharfer Beobachter/Denker keen observer/thinker;

scharfer Verstand keen ( oder incisive) mind

4. Kritik, Zurechtweisung etc: harsh, severe; (heftig) hard;

scharfer Kritiker severe critic;

scharfer Protest fierce ( oder sharp oder vehement) protest;

schärfsten Protest einlegen protest vehemently;

scharfer Widerstand severe ( oder stiff) opposition;

in scharfem Ton in a sharp tone

5. (durchdringend) Ton: piercing, shrill;

scharfer Wind biting ( oder cutting) wind;

die Luft ist scharf there’s a nip ( oder bite) in the air

6. (hart, stark) Gegensatz: stark;

ein scharfer Gegner von … a sworn enemy of …;

scharfer Kampf hard fight;

scharfe Konkurrenz stiff competition;

scharfe Maßnahmen strict ( oder stringent) measures;

eine scharfe Satire über … a pungent satire on …;

scharfe Bestrafung severe punishment;

ein scharfer Hund an attack dog (trained to attack intruders etc); umg, fig hard taskmaster;

sie ist eine scharfe Prüferin umg she’s a demanding ( oder tough) examiner

7. (deutlich) sharp, clear;

scharfe Umrisse clear ( oder sharp) outlines;

scharfe Gesichtszüge sharp ( oder clear-cut) features;

das Bild ist nicht ganz scharf the picture isn’t quite sharp ( oder is slightly blurred);

eine schärfere Brille brauchen need stronger spectacles; → auch gestochen

8. (jäh, abrupt) abrupt, sharp;

scharfe Kurve sharp bend;

scharfe Kurven umg, fig a sensational figure sg

9. (schnell) fast;

scharfer Ritt hard ride;

scharfes Tempo fast ( oder sharp) pace;

scharfer Schuss SPORT powerful shot

10. umg (versessen)

auf jemanden/etwas scharf sein be keen on (US eager about) sb/sth; stärker: be wild about sb/sth;

ganz scharf darauf sein zu (+inf) umg be dead keen on (US wild about) (+ger), be dead keen to (US dying to) (+inf)

11. umg (geil) besonders Br randy, horny sl;

scharf wie Nachbars Lumpi as randy (US horny) as a dog on (US in) heat;

scharfer Film/scharfes Buch/scharfe Wäsche sexy film/book/underwear

12. umg (toll) great, cool;

scharfe Klamotten/scharfes Auto auch snazzy clothes/car;

das ist ja scharf that’s really (US real) cool

13. LING:

ein scharfes „S“ a German ß character

14. Munition: live;

mit scharfer Munition schießen shoot ( oder fire) live bullets

B. adv

1. sharply etc;

scharf sehen/hören have sharp eyes/ears;

scharf geschnitten Profil etc: clear-cut;

scharf anbraten (fry to) seal;

scharf bewachen keep a close guard (fig watch, eye) on;

scharf aufpassen pay close attention, keep close watch;

scharf ins Auge fassen fix sb with one’s eyes; fig take a close look at sb (oder sth);

jemanden scharf anfassen müssen have to be very strict with sb;

scharf durchgreifen take tough action (

bei against);

gegen jemanden scharf durchgreifen auch clamp down on sb;

scharf ablehnen flatly reject;

scharf verurteilen/kritisieren severely condemn/criticize;

scharf formuliert sharply ( oder strongly)worded;

scharf nachdenken think hard, have a good think;

denkt mal scharf nach umg put your thinking caps on (for a minute);

scharf schießen shoot with live ammunition;

in der Diskussion wurde scharf geschossen fig there were some sharp exchanges during the discussion

2.

scharf würzen season with hot spices;

zu scharf gewürzt too highly seasoned;

gerne scharf essen like highly seasoned ( oder very spicy) food

3. (genau) sharply, accurately;

scharf einstellen FOTO focus (accurately);

schärfer stellen Bild: make sharper; Radio: tune in better ( oder more accurately);

mit dieser Brille sehe ich nicht scharf I can’t see clearly with these spectacles (US glasses);

scharf blickend sharp-sighted; fig perspicacious;

scharf umrissen sharply defined; fig clear-cut

4. (mit Wucht)

scharf bremsen brake hard, slam on the brakes;

scharf anfahren make a racing start;

ein unheimlich scharf geschossener Ball an incredibly powerful shot

5.

scharf nach rechts/links gehen turn sharp right/left;

scharf rechts/links fahren dicht am Straßenrand: keep well in to the right/left, hug the right-hand/left-hand kerb (US curb); unkontrolliert: swerve ( oder veer) to the right/left; (abbiegen) turn sharp right/left;

scharf an jemandem vorbeifahren shave past sb;

scharf auf ein Auto auffahren drive right up to a car’s rear bumper, besonders US tailgate a car; → schärfen

* * *
1.
; schärfer, schärfst... Adjektiv

1) sharp

2) (stark gewürzt, brennend, stechend) hot; strong <drink, vinegar, etc.>; caustic < chemical>; pungent, acrid < smell>

3) (durchdringend) shrill; (hell) harsh; biting <wind, air, etc.>; sharp < frost>

4) (deutlich wahrnehmend) keen; sharp

5) (deutlich hervortretend) sharp <contours, features, nose, photograph>

6) (schonungslos) tough, fierce <resistance, competition, etc.>; sharp <criticism, remark, words, etc.>; strong, fierce <opponent, protest, etc.>; severe, harsh <sentence, law, measure, etc.>; fierce < dog>

eine scharfe Zunge haben — have a sharp tongue

7) (schnell) fast; hard <ride, gallop, etc.>

8) (explosiv) live; (Ballspiele) powerful < shot>

scharfe Schüsse abgeben — fire live bullets

9)

das scharfe S — (bes. österr.) the German letter ‘ß’

10) (ugs.): (geil) sexy <girl, clothes, pictures, etc.>; randy <fellow, thoughts, etc.>

11)

scharf auf jemanden/etwas sein — (ugs.) really fancy somebody (coll.) /be really keen on something
2.
adverbial

1)

scharf würzen/abschmecken — season/flavour highly

scharf riechen — smell pungent or strong

2) (durchdringend) shrilly; (hell) harshly; (kalt) bitingly

3) (deutlich wahrnehmend) <listen, watch, etc.> closely, intently; <think, consider, etc.> hard

scharf aufpassen — pay close attention

4) (deutlich hervortretend) sharply

5) (schonungslos) <attack, criticize, etc.> sharply, strongly; <contradict, oppose, etc.> strongly, fiercely; <watch, observe, etc.> closely

6) (schnell) fast

scharf bremsen — brake hard or sharply

7)

scharf schießen — shoot with live ammunition

* * *

adj.

acrid adj.

acute adj.

caustic adj.

edged adj.

hot adj.

keen adj.

poignant adj.

pungent adj.

sharp adj.

strident adj.

subtle adj.

tangy adj.

trenchant adj.

twangy adj. adv.

acridly adv.

keenly adv.

poignantly adv.

pungently adv.

sharply adv.

stridently adv.

trenchantly adv.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > scharf
44 disminuir

v.

1 to reduce.

2 to decrease.

El medicamento disminuyó la fiebre The drug decreased the fever.

Me disminuyó la temperatura My temperature decreased.

3 to diminish, to decrease, to fall off, to drop off.

El calor disminuyó The heat diminished.

4 to lessen, to take down, to humiliate, to deflate.

Su actitud disminuyó a su hijo His attitude lessened his son.

5 to have less.

Te disminuyó la fiebre You have less fever.

* * *

disminuir

Conjugation model [ HUIR], like link=huir huir

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen) to decrease

2 (medidas, velocidad) to reduce

► verbo intransitivo

1 (gen) to diminish

2 (temperatura, precios) to drop, fall

* * *

verb

1) to decrease

2) drop, fall

* * *

1. VT

1) (=reducir) [+ nivel, precio, gastos, intereses] to reduce, bring down; [+ riesgo, incidencia, dolor] to reduce, lessen; [+ temperatura] to lower, bring down; [+ prestigio, autoridad] to diminish, lessen; [+ fuerzas] to sap; [+ entusiasmo] to dampen

algunos bancos han disminuido en un 0,15% sus tipos de interés — some banks have reduced o brought down their interest rates by 0.15%

hemos tenido que disminuir la dosis — we've had to reduce the dose

las vacunas disminuyen la resistencia a otros virus — vaccinations lower resistance to other germs

disminuyó la velocidad para tomar la curva — she slowed down o reduced her speed to go round the bend

durante el día disminuyen la vigilancia — security is not so strict during the day

esta medicina me disminuye las fuerzas — this medicine is making me weaker o sapping my strength

2) (Cos) [+ puntos] to decrease

2. VI

1) (=decrecer) [número, población] to decrease, drop, fall; [temperatura, precios] to drop, fall; [distancia, diferencia, velocidad, tensión] to decrease; [fuerzas, autoridad, poder] to diminish; [días] to grow shorter; [luz] to fade; [prestigio, entusiasmo] to dwindle

ha disminuido la tasa de natalidad — the birth rate has decreased o dropped o fallen

el número de asistentes ha disminuido últimamente — attendance has decreased o dropped o fallen recently

ya le está disminuyendo la fiebre — his temperature is dropping o falling now

el paro disminuyó en un 0,3% — unemployment dropped o fell by 0.3%

su poder disminuyó con el paso del tiempo — his power diminished as time went by

con esta pastilla te disminuirá el dolor — this tablet will relieve o ease your pain

2) (=empeorar) [memoria, vista] to fail

3) (Cos) [puntos] to decrease

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

1) ( menguar) número/cantidad to decrease, drop, fall; entusiasmo/interés to wane, diminish; precios/temperaturas to drop, fall; poder/fama to diminish; dolor to diminish, lessen

los impuestos no disminuyeron — there was no cut in taxes

disminuyó la intensidad del viento — the wind died down o dropped

la agilidad disminuye con los años — one becomes less agile with age

2) ( al tejer) to decrease
2.
disminuir vt

1) ( reducir) <gastos/costos/impuestos> to reduce, cut; < velocidad> to reduce; <número/cantidad> to reduce, diminish

el alcohol disminuye la rapidez de los reflejos — alcohol slows down your reactions

2) ( al tejer) < puntos> to decrease

* * *

= decline, decrease, diminish, dwindle, fall off, reduce, relax, shrink, slow down, tail off, lower, dip, subside, mitigate, lessen, abate, decelerate, regress, wane, take + a dive, ebb, slacken, whittle (away/down/at), slow up, taper, scale back, remit, take + a dip, turn down.

Ex. Library use declines during the June-October period when examinations have finished and the students are on vacation.

Ex. Recall is inversely proportional to precision, and vice versa, or in other words, as one increases, the other must decrease.

Ex. While another colleague of mine offered the wry comment that 'as the computer's capabilities have increased our expectations of what it can do have proportionally diminished'.

Ex. Whereas this proportion is dwindling as a percentage of the total budget, agricultural spending continues to rise in real terms.

Ex. When the recording procedures were removed study time fell off immediately.

Ex. The disadvantage of inversion of words is that inversion or indirect word order reduces predictability of form of headings.

Ex. Since the Federal Government has not been willing to relax import restrictions on books, academic librarians have had to devise a number of strategies for the survival of collection development.

Ex. The 'false hit' problem still arises, but becomes less likely as the 'neighborhood' of the two words shrinks.

Ex. However, the flight from DC appears to have slowed down more quickly than was anticipated, and we no longer read of large numbers of libraries making the change.

Ex. In this unsettled atmosphere, it is not surprising that enthusiasm for membership of the Community should tail off.

Ex. When a forme was in place on the press stone, paper was lowered on to it by means of a tympan and frisket.

Ex. The proportions of books bought for children have been extraordinarily steady for four of the five years, only dipping at all appreciably in the last year of 1979-80.

Ex. Her agitation subsided suddenly.

Ex. Confusion caused by repetition of descriptive information in access points can be mitigated by careful screen design.

Ex. Two possible solutions are possible: (1) to lessen the frequency of production, or (2) to reduce the amount of detail in the entries.

Ex. As the sobbing abated, the secretary's voice regained some steadiness.

Ex. Accumulation of new data bases is decelerating rapidly with the focus on deriving subsets from current files to serve niche markets.

Ex. Interloans have regressed recently, despite the rapid advancement of the computer age.

Ex. The population waxed again slightly, then waned again, until it finally stabilized around its present 55,000.

Ex. The article 'Wages, hours, bookfunds take a dive' examines how some authorities are proposing cuts in wages to preserve services; others reducing bookfunds by as much as a quarter, or cutting their opening hours in half.

Ex. Subsequently, library development stalled as cultural interaction ebbed from classical levels.

Ex. The trend direct supply of books to schools shows no sign of slackening.

Ex. However, such idealism is often whittled away over time by bureaucratic problems & organizational demands.

Ex. Since cataloging is the most time consuming part of digitization, it has slowed up the placement of files.

Ex. The tube in the two types tapers almost unnoticeably from base to tip.

Ex. He first spotted trouble when she started being short with users and so he solved the problem by scaling back her workload.

Ex. The fever was resolved and the skin lesions started to remit during the following 3 weeks.

Ex. Sales took a dip in 2005 but exploded in 2006.

Ex. Cytokines are small proteins used to communicate messages between the immune cells in the immune system to either turn up or down the immune response.

----

* atención + disminuir = attention + wane.

* disminuir casi hasta su desaparación = drop to + near vanishing point.

* disminuir de tamaño = dwindle in + size.

* disminuir el riesgo = reduce + risk.

* disminuir el valor de = belittle.

* disminuir la importancia de = lessen + the importance of.

* disminuir la marcha = slow down.

* disminuir la posibilidad = lessen + possibility.

* disminuir la probabilidad = reduce + chances.

* disminuir las probabilidades = lengthen + the odds.

* disminuir la velocidad = slow up.

* sin disminuir = non-decreasing, unabated.

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

1) ( menguar) número/cantidad to decrease, drop, fall; entusiasmo/interés to wane, diminish; precios/temperaturas to drop, fall; poder/fama to diminish; dolor to diminish, lessen

los impuestos no disminuyeron — there was no cut in taxes

disminuyó la intensidad del viento — the wind died down o dropped

la agilidad disminuye con los años — one becomes less agile with age

2) ( al tejer) to decrease
2.
disminuir vt

1) ( reducir) <gastos/costos/impuestos> to reduce, cut; < velocidad> to reduce; <número/cantidad> to reduce, diminish

el alcohol disminuye la rapidez de los reflejos — alcohol slows down your reactions

2) ( al tejer) < puntos> to decrease

* * *

= decline, decrease, diminish, dwindle, fall off, reduce, relax, shrink, slow down, tail off, lower, dip, subside, mitigate, lessen, abate, decelerate, regress, wane, take + a dive, ebb, slacken, whittle (away/down/at), slow up, taper, scale back, remit, take + a dip, turn down.

Ex: Library use declines during the June-October period when examinations have finished and the students are on vacation.

Ex: Recall is inversely proportional to precision, and vice versa, or in other words, as one increases, the other must decrease.

Ex: While another colleague of mine offered the wry comment that 'as the computer's capabilities have increased our expectations of what it can do have proportionally diminished'.

Ex: Whereas this proportion is dwindling as a percentage of the total budget, agricultural spending continues to rise in real terms.

Ex: When the recording procedures were removed study time fell off immediately.

Ex: The disadvantage of inversion of words is that inversion or indirect word order reduces predictability of form of headings.

Ex: Since the Federal Government has not been willing to relax import restrictions on books, academic librarians have had to devise a number of strategies for the survival of collection development.

Ex: The 'false hit' problem still arises, but becomes less likely as the 'neighborhood' of the two words shrinks.

Ex: However, the flight from DC appears to have slowed down more quickly than was anticipated, and we no longer read of large numbers of libraries making the change.

Ex: In this unsettled atmosphere, it is not surprising that enthusiasm for membership of the Community should tail off.

Ex: When a forme was in place on the press stone, paper was lowered on to it by means of a tympan and frisket.

Ex: The proportions of books bought for children have been extraordinarily steady for four of the five years, only dipping at all appreciably in the last year of 1979-80.

Ex: Her agitation subsided suddenly.

Ex: Confusion caused by repetition of descriptive information in access points can be mitigated by careful screen design.

Ex: Two possible solutions are possible: (1) to lessen the frequency of production, or (2) to reduce the amount of detail in the entries.

Ex: As the sobbing abated, the secretary's voice regained some steadiness.

Ex: Accumulation of new data bases is decelerating rapidly with the focus on deriving subsets from current files to serve niche markets.

Ex: Interloans have regressed recently, despite the rapid advancement of the computer age.

Ex: The population waxed again slightly, then waned again, until it finally stabilized around its present 55,000.

Ex: The article 'Wages, hours, bookfunds take a dive' examines how some authorities are proposing cuts in wages to preserve services; others reducing bookfunds by as much as a quarter, or cutting their opening hours in half.

Ex: Subsequently, library development stalled as cultural interaction ebbed from classical levels.

Ex: The trend direct supply of books to schools shows no sign of slackening.

Ex: However, such idealism is often whittled away over time by bureaucratic problems & organizational demands.

Ex: Since cataloging is the most time consuming part of digitization, it has slowed up the placement of files.

Ex: The tube in the two types tapers almost unnoticeably from base to tip.

Ex: He first spotted trouble when she started being short with users and so he solved the problem by scaling back her workload.

Ex: The fever was resolved and the skin lesions started to remit during the following 3 weeks.

Ex: Sales took a dip in 2005 but exploded in 2006.

Ex: Cytokines are small proteins used to communicate messages between the immune cells in the immune system to either turn up or down the immune response.

* atención + disminuir = attention + wane.

* disminuir casi hasta su desaparación = drop to + near vanishing point.

* disminuir de tamaño = dwindle in + size.

* disminuir el riesgo = reduce + risk.

* disminuir el valor de = belittle.

* disminuir la importancia de = lessen + the importance of.

* disminuir la marcha = slow down.

* disminuir la posibilidad = lessen + possibility.

* disminuir la probabilidad = reduce + chances.

* disminuir las probabilidades = lengthen + the odds.

* disminuir la velocidad = slow up.

* sin disminuir = non-decreasing, unabated.

* * *

disminuir [ I20 ]

vi

A (menguar) «número/cantidad» to decrease, drop, fall; «desempleo/exportaciones/gastos» to decrease, drop, fall; «entusiasmo» to wane, diminish; «interés» to wane, diminish, fall off

el número de fumadores ha disminuido the number of smokers has dropped o fallen o decreased

los impuestos no disminuyeron there was no decrease o cut in taxes

los casos de malaria han disminuido there has been a drop o fall o decrease in the number of malaria cases

disminuyó la intensidad del viento the wind died down o dropped

la agilidad disminuye con los años one becomes less agile with age

B (al tejer) to decrease

■ disminuir

vt

A (reducir) ‹gastos/costos› to reduce, bring down, cut

disminuimos la velocidad we reduced speed

es un asunto muy grave y se intenta disminuir su importancia it is a very serious matter, and its importance is being played down

el alcohol disminuye la rapidez de los reflejos alcohol slows down your reactions

B (al tejer) ‹puntos› to decrease

* * *

disminuir ( conjugate disminuir) verbo intransitivo ( menguar) [número/cantidad] to decrease, fall;
[precios/temperaturas] to drop, fall;
[ dolor] to diminish, lessen
verbo transitivo ( reducir) ‹gastos/producción› to cut back on;
‹ impuestos› to cut;
‹velocidad/número/cantidad› to reduce
disminuir
I verbo transitivo to reduce: esto disminuye sus probabilidades de entrar en la Universidad, this lowers his chances of admission to the University
II verbo intransitivo to diminish: el calor ha disminuido, the heat has lessened
' disminuir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aclararse
- atenuar
- bajar
- descender
- enfriar
- perder
- rebajar
- reducir
- reducirse
- velocidad
English:
cut back
- decline
- decrease
- die down
- diminish
- drop
- dwindle
- ease off
- ease up
- lessen
- lower
- odds
- reduce
- shrink
- sink
- slacken
- slacken off
- taper off
- thin out
- abate
- ease
- flag
- go
- let
- tail
- taper
- wane

* * *

disminuir

♦ vt

to reduce, to decrease;

disminuye la velocidad al entrar en la curva reduce speed as you go into the curve;

pastillas que disminuyen el sueño tablets that prevent drowsiness;

la lesión no ha disminuido su habilidad con el balón the injury hasn't affected his skill with the ball

♦ vi
[cantidad, velocidad, intensidad, contaminación] to decrease, to decline; [desempleo, inflación] to decrease, to fall; [precios, temperatura] to fall, to go down; [vista, memoria] to fail; [interés] to decline, to wane;
disminuye el número de matriculaciones en la universidad university enrolments are down;

medidas para que disminuyan los costes cost-cutting measures;

no disminuye la euforia inversora investor enthusiasm continues unabated

* * *

disminuir

I v/t gastos, costos reduce, cut; velocidad reduce

II v/i decrease, diminish

* * *

disminuir {41} vt

reducir: to reduce, to decrease, to lower

disminuir vi

1) : to lower

2) : to drop, to fall

* * *

disminuir vb

1. (reducir) to reduce

intentamos disminuir el número de accidentes we are trying to reduce the number of accidents

2. (bajar, menguar) to fall [pt. fell; pp. fallen] / to drop [pt. & pp. dropped]

disminuye el número de ballenas en el mundo the number of whales in the world is falling

Spanish-English dictionary > disminuir
45 einstellen

(trennb., hat -ge-)

I v/t

1. put in; (wegräumen) put away; (Möbel) store; (Wagen) put in(to) the garage, put away

2. (Arbeitskräfte etc.) take on, hire; wir stellen ein: Redakteure etc. we have vacancies for editors etc.

3. (beenden) stop; (Produktion) auch cease, discontinue; (Feindseligkeiten, Kampfhandlungen) end, cease; (Buslinie, Zugverkehr) discontinue, close down; (Streik, Suche), call off; etw. vorübergehend einstellen suspend s.th. temporarily; die Arbeit einstellen Person: stop work; (streiken) down tools; Fabrik: cease production; das Feuer einstellen MIL. cease fire, stop shooting ( oder firing); das Verfahren einstellen JUR. suspend proceedings, drop the case; bitte stellen Sie jetzt das Rauchen ein please stop smoking now; die Zeitung hat ihr Erscheinen eingestellt the newspaper has ceased publication

4. SPORT (Rekord) equal

5. TECH. (regulieren) adjust ( auf + Akk to); (Uhr, Messgerät) set (to); (Entfernung, Zeit etc.) adjust (to), set (at); (Radio) tune (to); TV switch (to); OPT., FOT. focus (on); das Radio auf 95,5 einstellen tune the radio to 95.5; das Radio lauter / leiser einstellen turn the radio up / down; den Wecker auf 6 Uhr einstellen set the alarm for 6 am; die Waschmaschine auf 60 Grad einstellen set the washing machine at 60 degrees; den Hauptwaschgang einstellen select main wash

6. fig. (anpassen) adjust, adapt ( auf + Akk to); (Gedanken etc.) focus (on); eine Mannschaft ( taktisch) auf den Gegner einstellen adjust a team’s tactics to suit the opponent

7. MED., auf Medikament: stabilize ( auf + Akk on); den Zucker eines Diabetikers einstellen MED. adjust a diabetic’s blood sugar

II v/refl

1. (kommen) appear, turn up; Sommer etc.: arrive; Fieber, Schmerzen, Regen etc.: start; Sorgen, Schwierigkeiten: arise; Folgen etc.: ensue, appear; sich wieder einstellen come back (again); dieser Gedanke stellt sich von selbst ein this idea suggests itself; Zweifel stellten sich bei mir ein I began to have doubts

2. sich einstellen auf (+ Akk) (sich anpassen an) adapt ( oder adjust) (o.s. oder itself) to; (sich vorbereiten auf) prepare (o.s.) for, get ready for, gear (o.s.) up for umg.; (rechnen mit) be prepared for; (Aufmerksamkeit darauf richten) focus one’s attention on; (Lebenstil) adjust one’s lifestyle ( oder way of thinking) to; sich geistig einstellen auf (+ Akk) get into the right frame of mind for, gear o.s. up mentally for umg.; sich auf einen Gegner einstellen prepare to face an opponent; du musst dich darauf einstellen (daran gewöhnen) you’ll have to get used to it ( oder learn to accept it); eingestellt, einrichten II 3

III v/i: AEG stellt wieder ein AEG is taking on workers again

* * *

(Rekord erreichen) to equal;

(anpassen) to set; to tune; to adjust;

(engagieren) to hire; to engage; to employ; to place; to take on;

(unterbrechen) to discontinue; to stop; to cease; to lay off

* * *
ein|stel|len sep
1. vt

1) (= hineinstellen) to put in

das Auto in die or der Garage éínstellen —

das Buch ist falsch eingestellt — the book has been put in the wrong place

2) (= anstellen) Arbeitskräfte to take on

"wir stellen ein: Sekretärinnen" — "we have vacancies for secretaries", "we are looking for secretaries"

3) (= beenden) to stop; Expedition, Suche to call off; (MIL) Feindseligkeiten, Feuer to cease; (JUR) Prozess, Verfahren to abandon

die Arbeit ist eingestellt worden — work has stopped; (vorübergehend auch) work has been halted

die Zeitung hat ihr Erscheinen eingestellt — the paper has ceased publication

die Arbeit éínstellen (Kommission etc) — to stop work

4) (= regulieren) to adjust (
auf +acc to); Kanone to aim ( auf +acc at); Fernglas, Fotoapparat (auf Entfernung) to focus ( auf +acc on); Wecker, Zünder to set ( auf +acc for); Radio to tune (in) ( auf +acc to); Sender to tune in to
die Steuerung auf Automatik éínstellen — to switch over to or to put the plane on automatic pilot

den Hebel auf Start éínstellen — to set the lever to start

5) (fig = abstimmen) to tailor (
auf +acc to)
6) (SPORT) Rekord to equal

2. vr

1) (Besucher etc) to appear, to present oneself; (Fieber, Regen) to set in; (Symptome) to appear; (Folgen) to become apparent, to appear; (Wort, Gedanke) to come to mind; (Jahreszeiten) to come, to arrive

wenn es kalt ist, stellen sich bei mir regelmäßig heftige Kopfschmerzen ein — I always suffer from bad headaches when it's cold

2)

See:

→ auch eingestellt

3. vi
to take on staff; (Fabrik) to take on workers
* * *

1) (to change (the position of, setting of): Adjust the setting of the alarm clock.) adjust

2) (to give (a person) a job or position: They appointed him manager; They have appointed a new manager.) appoint

3) (to adjust (eg a clock or its alarm) so that it is ready to perform its function: He set the alarm for 7.00 a.m.) set

4) (to adjust (a piece of machinery etc) so that it works at a certain rate etc: Can you regulate this watch so that it keeps time accurately?) regulate

5) (to employ: They are taking on five hundred more men at the factory.) take on

6) (to stop or discontinue temporarily: All business will be suspended until after the funeral.) suspend

7) (to tune a radio (to a particular station or programme): We usually tune (the radio) in to the news.) tune in

8) (to adjust a radio so that it receives a particular station: The radio was tuned to a German station.) tune

9) (to adjust (an engine etc) so that it runs well.) tune

* * *

ein|stel·len

I. vt

1. (anstellen)

▪ jdn [als etw] \einstellen to employ [or take on] sb [as sth]

Arbeitskräfte \einstellen to take on employees

sie wurde als Redaktionsassistentin eingestellt she was given a job as [an] editorial assistant

2. (beenden)

▪ etw \einstellen to stop [or break off] sth

eine Suche \einstellen to call off [or abandon] a search

eine Planung/ein Projekt \einstellen to shelve a plan/project

die Firma hat die Arbeit eingestellt the company has closed

3. MIL

▪ etw \einstellen to stop sth

Feindseligkeiten \einstellen to suspend hostilities

das Feuer \einstellen to cease fire

Kampfhandlungen \einstellen to cease hostilities [or fighting

4. JUR

▪ etw \einstellen to abandon sth

5. FOTO, ORN

▪ etw [auf etw akk] \einstellen to adjust [or set] sth [to sth]

etw auf eine Entfernung \einstellen to focus sth

6. ELEK

▪ etw [auf etw akk] \einstellen to set sth [at sth] [or adjust sth [to sth]

7. TV, RADIO

▪ [jdm] etw [auf etw akk] \einstellen to tune [sb's] sth [to sth]

der Videorekorder ist auf Aufnahme eingestellt the video recorder is programmed to record

8. AUTO

▪ [jdm] etw \einstellen to adjust [sb's] sth

die Zündung \einstellen to set [or adjust] the [ignition] timing

▪ sich dat etw \einstellen lassen to have sth adjusted

9. TECH

▪ [jdm] etw [irgendwie] \einstellen to adjust [sb's] sth [somehow]

etw in der Höhe \einstellen to adjust the height of sth

die Lehnenneigung \einstellen to adjust the angle of a rest

10. (hineinstellen)

▪ etw [in etw akk] \einstellen to put sth away [in sth]

in den Carport können zwei Autos eingestellt werden the carport can accommodate two cars

ein Buch ins Regal \einstellen to put a book away [on the shelf]

11. SPORT (egalisieren)

▪ etw \einstellen to equal sth

den Rekord \einstellen to equal the record

II. vr

1. (auftreten)

▪ sich akk \einstellen Bedenken to begin; MED Fieber, Symptome, Übelkeit etc. to develop, to begin

Symptome haben sich eingestellt symptoms have appeared [or developed

2. (sich anpassen)

▪ sich akk auf jdn/etw \einstellen to adapt to sb/sth

▪ sich akk auf etw akk \einstellen to adjust to sth

3. (sich vorbereiten)

▪ sich akk auf etw akk \einstellen to prepare oneself for sth

4. (geh: sich einfinden)

▪ sich akk \einstellen to arrive, to present oneself form

III. vi (beschäftigen) to take on [or hire] people, we have vacancies for bricklayers

* * *
1.
transitives Verb

1) (einordnen) put away <books etc.>

2) (unterstellen) put in < car, bicycle>

3) (auch itr.) (beschäftigen) take on, employ < workers>

4) (regulieren) adjust; set; focus <camera, telescope, binoculars>; adjust < headlights>

5) (beenden) stop; call off <search, strike>

das Feuer einstellen — cease fire

ein Gerichtsverfahren einstellen — abandon court proceedings

die Arbeit einstellen — < factory> close; < workers> stop work

6) (Sport) equal < record>
2.
reflexives Verb

1) (ankommen, auch fig.) arrive

2) (eintreten) < pain> begin; < success> come; <symptoms, consequences> appear

3)

sich auf jemanden/etwas einstellen — adapt to somebody/prepare oneself or get ready for something

sich schnell auf neue Situationen einstellen — adjust quickly to new situations

* * *

einstellen (trennb, hat -ge-)

A. v/t

1. put in; (wegräumen) put away; (Möbel) store; (Wagen) put in(to) the garage, put away

2. (Arbeitskräfte etc) take on, hire;

wir stellen ein: Redakteure etc we have vacancies for editors etc

3. (beenden) stop; (Produktion) auch cease, discontinue; (Feindseligkeiten, Kampfhandlungen) end, cease; (Buslinie, Zugverkehr) discontinue, close down; (Streik, Suche), call off;

etwas vorübergehend einstellen suspend sth temporarily;

die Arbeit einstellen Person: stop work; (streiken) down tools; Fabrik: cease production;

das Feuer einstellen MIL cease fire, stop shooting ( oder firing);

das Verfahren einstellen JUR suspend proceedings, drop the case;

bitte stellen Sie jetzt das Rauchen ein please stop smoking now;

die Zeitung hat ihr Erscheinen eingestellt the newspaper has ceased publication

4. SPORT (Rekord) equal

5. TECH (regulieren) adjust (

auf +akk to); (Uhr, Messgerät) set (to); (Entfernung, Zeit etc) adjust (to), set (at); (Radio) tune (to); TV switch (to); OPT, FOTO focus (on);

das Radio auf 95,5 einstellen tune the radio to 95.5;

das Radio lauter/leiser einstellen turn the radio up/down;

den Wecker auf 6 Uhr einstellen set the alarm for 6 am;

die Waschmaschine auf 60 Grad einstellen set the washing machine at 60 degrees;

den Hauptwaschgang einstellen select main wash

6. fig (anpassen) adjust, adapt (

auf +akk to); (Gedanken etc) focus (on);

eine Mannschaft (taktisch) auf den Gegner einstellen adjust a team’s tactics to suit the opponent

7. MED, auf Medikament: stabilize (

auf +akk on);

den Zucker eines Diabetikers einstellen MED adjust a diabetic’s blood sugar

B. v/r

1. (kommen) appear, turn up; Sommer etc: arrive; Fieber, Schmerzen, Regen etc: start; Sorgen, Schwierigkeiten: arise; Folgen etc: ensue, appear;

sich wieder einstellen come back (again);

dieser Gedanke stellt sich von selbst ein this idea suggests itself;

Zweifel stellten sich bei mir ein I began to have doubts

2.

sich einstellen auf (+akk) (sich anpassen an) adapt ( oder adjust) (o.s. oder itself) to; (sich vorbereiten auf) prepare (o.s.) for, get ready for, gear (o.s.) up for umg; (rechnen mit) be prepared for; (Aufmerksamkeit darauf richten) focus one’s attention on; (Lebensstil) adjust one’s lifestyle ( oder way of thinking) to;

sich geistig einstellen auf (+akk) get into the right frame of mind for, gear o.s. up mentally for umg;

sich auf einen Gegner einstellen prepare to face an opponent;

du musst dich darauf einstellen (daran gewöhnen) you’ll have to get used to it ( oder learn to accept it); → eingestellt, einrichten B 3

C. v/i:

AEG stellt wieder ein AEG is taking on workers again

* * *
1.
transitives Verb

1) (einordnen) put away <books etc.>

2) (unterstellen) put in <car, bicycle>

3) (auch itr.) (beschäftigen) take on, employ < workers>

4) (regulieren) adjust; set; focus <camera, telescope, binoculars>; adjust < headlights>

5) (beenden) stop; call off <search, strike>

das Feuer einstellen — cease fire

ein Gerichtsverfahren einstellen — abandon court proceedings

die Arbeit einstellen — < factory> close; < workers> stop work

6) (Sport) equal < record>
2.
reflexives Verb

1) (ankommen, auch fig.) arrive

2) (eintreten) < pain> begin; < success> come; <symptoms, consequences> appear

3)

sich auf jemanden/etwas einstellen — adapt to somebody/prepare oneself or get ready for something

sich schnell auf neue Situationen einstellen — adjust quickly to new situations

* * *

v.

to adjust v.

to collimate v.

to engage v.

to hire (personnel) v.

to justify v.

to set v.

(§ p.,p.p.: set)

to shelve v.

to tune in v.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > einstellen
46 interesante

adj.

interesting.

¡eso suena muy interesante! that sounds really exciting!

* * *

interesante

► adjetivo

1 interesting

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

estar en estado interesante to be expecting

hacerse el/la interesante to try to attract attention

* * *

adj.

interesting

* * *

ADJ [persona, película] interesting; [precio, sueldo] attractive

hacerse el/la interesante — to try to attract attention

* * *

adjetivo interesting

hacerse el/la interesante — (fam) to make oneself seem interesting, try to draw attention to oneself

* * *

= interesting, intriguing, engaging, newsworthy, exhilarating, piquant, appealing, inspiring.

Ex. The relationship between precision and recall and specificity is interesting.

Ex. Graphic displays are an intriguing step towards a multi-dimensional pictorial map of the subject areas covered by a thesaurus.

Ex. The interview went smoothly; the committee was impressed by her knowledge of the current library scene, her enthusiasm, and her engaging personality.

Ex. The focus on solutions to societal problems common to much interdisciplinary research makes such projects particularly newsworthy.

Ex. The causes of this interest differ from one man to another; it may be the beautiful, the terrible, the awe-inspiring, the exhilarating, the pathetic, the comic, or the merely piquant.

Ex. The causes of this interest differ from one man to another; it may be the beautiful, the terrible, the awe-inspiring, the exhilarating, the pathetic, the comic, or the merely piquant.

Ex. The author offers some suggestions, somewhat 'tongue in cheek', to make the game more appealing for spectators.

Ex. Savage's greatest claim to the attention of present-day librarians is his inspiring and unwavering belief in the value of librarianship.

----

* es interesante que = interestingly.

* hacerse el interesante = play + hard to get, play it + cool.

* lo interesante = the fun part.

* lo más interesante = highlights.

* poco interesante = dull, uninteresting, uninspiring, unremarkable.

* prometer ser interesante = promise + to be interesting.

* ser interesante + Infinitivo = be as well + Infinitivo, be well + Infinitivo.

* ser interesante para = be of interest (to/for).

* ser interesante + Verbo = be neat to + Verbo.

* * *

adjetivo interesting

hacerse el/la interesante — (fam) to make oneself seem interesting, try to draw attention to oneself

* * *

= interesting, intriguing, engaging, newsworthy, exhilarating, piquant, appealing, inspiring.

Ex: The relationship between precision and recall and specificity is interesting.

Ex: Graphic displays are an intriguing step towards a multi-dimensional pictorial map of the subject areas covered by a thesaurus.

Ex: The interview went smoothly; the committee was impressed by her knowledge of the current library scene, her enthusiasm, and her engaging personality.

Ex: The focus on solutions to societal problems common to much interdisciplinary research makes such projects particularly newsworthy.

Ex: The causes of this interest differ from one man to another; it may be the beautiful, the terrible, the awe-inspiring, the exhilarating, the pathetic, the comic, or the merely piquant.

Ex: The causes of this interest differ from one man to another; it may be the beautiful, the terrible, the awe-inspiring, the exhilarating, the pathetic, the comic, or the merely piquant.

Ex: The author offers some suggestions, somewhat 'tongue in cheek', to make the game more appealing for spectators.

Ex: Savage's greatest claim to the attention of present-day librarians is his inspiring and unwavering belief in the value of librarianship.

* es interesante que = interestingly.

* hacerse el interesante = play + hard to get, play it + cool.

* lo interesante = the fun part.

* lo más interesante = highlights.

* poco interesante = dull, uninteresting, uninspiring, unremarkable.

* prometer ser interesante = promise + to be interesting.

* ser interesante + Infinitivo = be as well + Infinitivo, be well + Infinitivo.

* ser interesante para = be of interest (to/for).

* ser interesante + Verbo = be neat to + Verbo.

* * *

interesante

adjective

interesting

resultó poco interesante it wasn't very interesting

nos hizo una oferta interesante she made us an interesting offer

hacerse el/la interesante ( fam); to make oneself seem interesting, try to draw attention to oneself

* * *

interesante adjetivo
interesting;
◊ hacerse el interesante (fam) to try to draw attention to oneself

interesante adjetivo interesting

' interesante' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bastante
- discurso
- guapa
- guapo
- intrigante
- política
- curioso
- lo
- poner
English:
appealing
- article
- attraction
- enough
- interesting
- jolly
- point
- quite
- readable
- thicken
- thing
- uninteresting
- very
- anything
- get
- gossip
- hear
- intriguing
- middle
- most
- one
- play
- pose
- suppose
- though

* * *

interesante adj

interesting;

Comp
Fam
hacerse el/la interesante to try to draw attention to oneself

* * *

interesante

adj interesting;

hacerse el interesante draw attention to o.s.

* * *

interesante adj

: interesting

* * *

interesante adj interesting

Spanish-English dictionary > interesante
47 centre

1.
(Brit.)noun

1) Mitte, die; (of circle, globe) Mitte, die; Zentrum, das; Mittelpunkt, der

2) (town centre) Innenstadt, die; Zentrum, das

3) (filling of chocolate) Füllung, die

4) (Polit.) Mitte, die

5) (Sport): (player) Mittelfeldspieler, der/-spielerin, die; (Basketball) Center, der

6)

she likes to be the centre of attraction/attention — (fig.) sie steht gern im Mittelpunkt [des Interesses]
2. adjective
mittler...

centre party — (Polit.) Partei der Mitte
3. intransitive verb
centre on something — sich auf etwas (Akk.) konzentrieren

the novel centres on Prague — Prag steht im Mittelpunkt des Romans

centre [a]round something — um etwas kreisen
4. transitive verb
1) (place in centre) in der Mitte anbringen; in der Mitte aufhängen [Bild, Lampe]; zentrieren [Überschrift]

2) (concentrate)

centre something on something — etwas auf etwas (Akk.) konzentrieren

be centred [a]round something — etwas zum Mittelpunkt haben

3) (Football, Hockey) [nach innen] flanken

* * *
['sentə] 1. noun
1) (the middle point, or middle of anything; the point or area farthest from the edge: the centre of a circle; the city centre.) der Mittelpunkt

2) (a place having, or designed for, a particular activity, interest etc: a centre of industry; a shopping-centre; a sports-centre.) das Zentrum

3) (the main point (of interest etc): the centre of attention.) der Mittelpunkt
2. verb
1) (to place, or to be, at the centre.) in den Mittelpunkt stellen

2) ((with on) to concentrate round: Her plans always centre on her child.) konzentrieren

* * *

cen·tre, AM cen·ter

[ˈsentəʳ, AM -t̬ɚ]

I. n

1. (middle) Zentrum nt, Mitte f

I love chocolates with soft \centres ich liebe Pralinen mit weicher Füllung

she felt she was bombarded with criticism, left, right and \centre sie fühlte sich von allen Seiten mit Kritik bombardiert

they made a complete mess of that work, left, right and \centre sie haben diese Arbeit total verhunzt fam

▪ to be the \centre of sth der Mittelpunkt einer S. gen sein

to be the \centre of attention im Mittelpunkt der Aufmerksamkeit stehen

2. POL Mitte f

to be left/right of \centre Mitte links/rechts sein

3. (place or building) Zentrum nt, Center nt

fitness \centre Fitnessstudio nt

test \centre Versuchszentrum nt

4. (area of concentration) Zentrum nt

\centre of population Ballungsraum m, Ballungsgebiet nt

5. SPORT (middle player) Mittelfeldspieler(in) m(f); (basketball) Center m, mittlerer Angriffspieler; (ice hockey) Sturmspitze f

6. ECON, FIN (group of items in an account) Gruppe f von Posten

II. vt

1. (put in middle)

▪ to \centre sth etw zentrieren; TYPO also etw mittig setzen fachspr

2. (focus)

to \centre one's attention on sth seine Aufmerksamkeit auf etw akk richten

to \centre one's efforts on sth seine Anstrengungen auf etw akk konzentrieren

III. vi

1. SPORT flanken

2. (concentrate)

▪ to \centre around sb/sth sich akk um jdn/etw drehen

▪ to \centre [up]on sb/sth sich akk auf jdn/etw konzentrieren, sich akk um jdn/etw drehen

* * *
(US) ['sentə(r)]
1. n

1) (= chief place) Zentrumnt

2) (= middle POL) Mittef; (of circle) Mittelpunktm; (= town centre) Stadtmittef; (= city centre) Zentrumnt, Cityf

centre of gravity — Schwerpunkt m

centre of attention or attraction — Hauptanziehungspunkt m, Hauptattraktion f

she always wants to be the centre of attraction — sie will immer im Mittelpunkt stehen

the man at the centre of the controversy — der Mann im Mittelpunkt der Kontroverse

left of centre (Pol) — links der Mitte

politician/party of the centre — Politiker(in) m(f)/Partei f der Mitte

the centre of the field (Sport) — das Mittelfeld

let's go into the centre — komm, wir gehen in die Stadt!

3) (= community centre, sports centre, shopping centre) Zentrumnt, Centernt

4) (RUGBY) mittlerer Dreiviertelspieler; (BASKETBALL, NETBALL) Centerm

2. vt

1) (ALSO COMPUT) zentrieren

to feel centred (person) — ausgeglichen sein

2) (= concentrate) konzentrieren

to be centred on sth — sich auf etw (acc) konzentrieren

3) (SPORT) ball zur Mitte (ab)spielen

* * *

centre besonders Br für academic.ru/11722/center">center

center, besonders Br centre [ˈsentə(r)]

A s

1. MATH, MIL, PHYS etc, auch fig Zentrum n, Mittelpunkt m:

in ( oder at) the center in der Mitte;

center of attraction

a) PHYS Anziehungsmittelpunkt,

b) fig Hauptanziehungspunkt m;

he is used to being the center of attraction er ist es gewohnt, im Mittelpunkt zu stehen oder dass sich alles um ihn dreht;

center of gravity PHYS

a) Schwerpunkt m (a. fig),

b) Gleichgewichtspunkt m;

center of gyration ( oder motion) PHYS Drehpunkt m;

center of inertia ( oder mass) Massen-, Trägheitszentrum;

center of interest Hauptinteresse n, Mittelpunkt (des Interesses);

be the center of interest ( oder attention) im Mittelpunkt des Interesses stehen;

center of trade Handelszentrum

2. Zentrale f, Zentralstelle f, (Haupt)Sitz m, Zentrum n: → shopping B, etc

3. fig Herd m (einer Revolte etc):

center of conflict Konfliktherd; → storm center

4. POL

a) (die) Mitte

b) Zentrums-, Mittelpartei f

5. PHYSIOL (Nerven) Zentrum n

6. a) Basketball: Center m

b) Eishockey: Mittelstürmer(in)

7. Fußball: Flanke f

8. TECH

a) (Dreh-, Körner)Spitze f (einer Drehbank)

b) Bogenlehre f, -gerüst n

B v/t

1. in den Mittelpunkt stellen (auch fig)

2. fig richten, konzentrieren ( beide:

on auf akk)

3. TECH

a) zentrieren, einmitten:

center the bubble die Libelle (der Wasserwaage) einspielen lassen

b) ankörnen

4. MATH den Mittelpunkt (gen) finden

5. center the ball (Fußball) flanken

C v/i

1. im Mittelpunkt stehen

2. fig sich richten oder konzentrieren (in, on auf akk), sich drehen ( round um)

3. fig sich gründen (on auf dat)

4. Fußball: flanken

marriage guidance center (besonders Br centre) s Eheberatungsstelle f

* * *
1.
(Brit.)noun

1) Mitte, die; (of circle, globe) Mitte, die; Zentrum, das; Mittelpunkt, der

2) (town centre) Innenstadt, die; Zentrum, das

3) (filling of chocolate) Füllung, die

4) (Polit.) Mitte, die

5) (Sport): (player) Mittelfeldspieler, der/-spielerin, die; (Basketball) Center, der

6)

she likes to be the centre of attraction/attention — (fig.) sie steht gern im Mittelpunkt [des Interesses]
2. adjective
mittler...

centre party — (Polit.) Partei der Mitte
3. intransitive verb
centre on something — sich auf etwas (Akk.) konzentrieren

the novel centres on Prague — Prag steht im Mittelpunkt des Romans

centre [a]round something — um etwas kreisen
4. transitive verb
1) (place in centre) in der Mitte anbringen; in der Mitte aufhängen [Bild, Lampe]; zentrieren [Überschrift]

2) (concentrate)

centre something on something — etwas auf etwas (Akk.) konzentrieren

be centred [a]round something — etwas zum Mittelpunkt haben

3) (Football, Hockey) [nach innen] flanken

* * *

(UK) n.

Mitte -n f.

Mittelpunkt m. n.

Füllung -en (einer Praline) f.

Mittelpunkt (Mathematik) m.

Mittelstück n.

English-german dictionary > centre
48 cortesía

f.

1 courtesy, civility, good manners, politeness.

2 courteous action, favor, attention, courteous act.

3 comity.

* * *

cortesía

► nombre femenino

1 (educación) courtesy, politeness

■ ha sido una cortesía de tu parte acompañarnos hasta el aeropuerto it was very kind of you to come with us to the airport

2 (en cartas) formal ending

3 (tratamiento) title

4 (reverencia) bow, curtsy

5 (regalo) present

■ esta bolsa es una cortesía de la empresa this bag is courtesy of the company

* * *

noun f.

courtesy, politeness

* * *

SF

1) (=conducta) courtesy, politeness

visita de cortesía — courtesy call

entrada de cortesía — complimentary ticket

días de cortesía — (Com) days of grace

por cortesía — as a courtesy

2) (=etiqueta) social etiquette

la cortesía pide que... — etiquette demands that...

3) [de carta] formal ending

4) (=reverencia) [de hombre] bow; [de mujer] curtsy

hacer una cortesía a algn — [hombre] to bow to sb; [mujer] to curtsy to sb

5) (=regalo) present, gift

* * *

femenino

a) (urbanidad, amabilidad) courtesy, politeness

son reglas elementales de cortesía — it's common courtesy

la trató con cortesía — he was polite to her

b)

de cortesía — < entrada> complimentary; < visita> courtesy (before n)

c) ( atención)

le agradezco la cortesía — (frml) I would like to thank you for your kind invitation (o offer etc)

es una cortesía de la casa — it comes with the compliments of the house

tuvo la cortesía de invitarnos — she was kind enough to invite us

* * *

= courtesy, politeness, civility.

Ex. Why dont't they give these people some lessons in common courtesy?.

Ex. These messages were examined for 'friendly' features, such as politeness, specificity, constructiveness and helpfulness, and for 'unfriendly' features, like the use of cryptic codes or vocabulary, or language which users might find threatening, domineering, or emotive.

Ex. Matters of civility rather than criminality are the focus of the discussion.

----

* con cortesía = courteously.

* cortesía de = courtesy of.

* espejo de cortesía = vanity mirror.

* hoja de cortesía = fly-leaf [fly-leaves, -pl.].

* hojas de cortesía = endpapers.

* por cortesía de = courtesy of.

* reglas de cortesía = etiquette.

* reglas de cortesía en Internet = netiquette.

* * *

femenino

a) (urbanidad, amabilidad) courtesy, politeness

son reglas elementales de cortesía — it's common courtesy

la trató con cortesía — he was polite to her

b)

de cortesía — < entrada> complimentary; < visita> courtesy (before n)

c) ( atención)

le agradezco la cortesía — (frml) I would like to thank you for your kind invitation (o offer etc)

es una cortesía de la casa — it comes with the compliments of the house

tuvo la cortesía de invitarnos — she was kind enough to invite us

* * *

= courtesy, politeness, civility.

Ex: Why dont't they give these people some lessons in common courtesy?.

Ex: These messages were examined for 'friendly' features, such as politeness, specificity, constructiveness and helpfulness, and for 'unfriendly' features, like the use of cryptic codes or vocabulary, or language which users might find threatening, domineering, or emotive.

Ex: Matters of civility rather than criminality are the focus of the discussion.

* con cortesía = courteously.

* cortesía de = courtesy of.

* espejo de cortesía = vanity mirror.

* hoja de cortesía = fly-leaf [fly-leaves, -pl.].

* hojas de cortesía = endpapers.

* por cortesía de = courtesy of.

* reglas de cortesía = etiquette.

* reglas de cortesía en Internet = netiquette.

* * *

cortesía

feminine

1 (urbanidad, amabilidad) courtesy, politeness

desconoce las reglas de cortesía más elementales he has no idea of common courtesy

la trató con cortesía he was polite to her, he treated her courteously o politely

2

de cortesía ‹entrada› complimentary;

‹visita› courtesy ( before n) fórmula

3

(atención): le agradezco la cortesía ( frml); I would like to thank you for your kind invitation ( o offer etc)

es una cortesía de la casa it comes with the compliments of the house

tuvo la cortesía de invitarnos she was kind enough to invite us

* * *

cortesía sustantivo femenino
a) (urbanidad, amabilidad) courtesy, politeness;

◊ la trató con cortesía he was polite to her;

tuvo la cortesía de invitarnos she was kind enough to invite us
b)

◊ de cortesía ‹ entrada› complimentary;

‹ visita› courtesy ( before n)
cortesía sustantivo femenino courtesy, politeness
' cortesía' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bondad
- deferencia
- delicadeza
- detalle
- educación
- gentileza
- gustar
- visita
- atención
- correctamente
- don
- doña
- encantado
- fórmula
- gusto
- igualmente
- orden
- señor
- señorita
- temer
- tratamiento
English:
courtesy
- decency
- gallantry
- grace
- gracefully
- politeness
- breeding
- chivalry
- pleasantry

* * *

cortesía nf

1. [gentileza] courtesy;

una fórmula de cortesía a polite expression;

una visita de cortesía a courtesy call;

las trataron con cortesía they were treated courteously o politely;

por cortesía de courtesy of;

tuvo la cortesía de llamarme he was kind enough to phone me;

no tuvo la cortesía de mandar una felicitación he didn't have the courtesy to send a card;

le daremos diez minutos de cortesía we'll give him ten minutes

2. [obsequio]
el vino es cortesía del restaurante the wine comes with the compliments of the house

* * *

cortesía

f courtesy;

tener la cortesía de hacer algo be kind enough to do sth;

por cortesía de … by courtesy of …

* * *

cortesía nf

1) : courtesy, politeness

2)

de cortesía : complimentary, free

* * *

cortesía n courtesy

Spanish-English dictionary > cortesía
49 interés

m.

1 interest, concernment, regard, interestedness.

2 interest, yield.

* * *

interés

► nombre masculino

1 (gen) interest; (propio) self-interest

■ ha mostrado mucho interés por el piso he has shown great interest in the flat

■ lo hace sólo por interés he's only doing it for what he can get out of it

■ cuando crezcas verás que era por tu interés when you're older you'll realize it was for your own good

2 FINANZAS interest

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

de gran interés very interesting

ir en interés de to be in the interests of

poner interés en algo to take an interest in something, put effort into something

■ debes poner más interés en tu trabajo you should take more interest in your work

tener interés en to be interested in

interés compuesto compound interest

interés simple simple interest

intereses creados vested interests

* * *

noun m.

interest

* * *

SM

1) (=valor) interest

una cuestión de interés general — a question of general interest

un edificio de interés histórico — a building of historic interest

ese asunto no tiene interés para nosotros — this matter is of no interest to us

2) (=curiosidad) interest

el tema despertó o suscitó el interés del público — the topic aroused public interest

ha seguido con gran interés la campaña electoral — he has followed the electoral campaign with great interest

• esperar algo con interés — to await sth with interest

• mostrar interés en o por algo — to show (an) interest in sth

• poner interés en algo — to take an interest in sth

puse verdadero interés en aprender inglés — I took a real interest in learning English

• sentir o tener interés por algo — to be interested in sth

si tienes interés por el piso, todavía está a la venta — if you're interested in the flat, it's still for sale

siento auténtico interés por los idiomas — I have a real interest o I am really interested in languages

sentir o tener interés por hacer algo — to be interested in doing sth

3) (=beneficio)

a) [de persona, país] interest

no deberías dejarte llevar por el interés — you shouldn't let yourself be swayed by personal interest

¿qué interés tienes tú en que pierdan el partido? — what's your interest in their losing the match?

te lo digo por tu propio interés — I'm telling you for your own benefit o in your own interest

en interés del país ha renunciado a la reelección — in the interest(s) of the country he is not standing for re-election

b) (Econ) interest

un préstamo a o con un interés del 9 por ciento — a loan at 9 per cent interest

los intereses de mi cuenta — the interest on my account

• dar interés — [capital, inversión] to yield interest; [banco, cuenta] to pay interest

mi capital me da un interés del 5,3 por ciento — my capital yields an interest of 5.3 per cent

• devengar interés — to accrue interest, earn interest

• tasa LAm o tipo de interés — interest rate

intereses acumulados — accrued interest sing

interés compuesto — compound interest

interés controlador — controlling interest

interés devengado — accrued interest, earned interest

intereses por cobrar — interest receivable sing

intereses por pagar — interest payable sing

interés simple — simple interest

4) pl intereses

a) (Com) interests

hay intereses económicos por medio — there are financial interests involved

tengo que defender mis intereses — I have to look after my own interests

los intereses españoles en África — Spanish interests in Africa

• un conflicto de intereses — a conflict of interests

• tener intereses en algo — to have interests o a stake in sth

tiene intereses en varias compañías extranjeras — he has interests o a stake in several foreign companies

b) (=aficiones) interests

¿qué intereses tienes? — what are your interests?

fomentar los intereses de algn — to foster sb's interest in sth

intereses creados — vested interests

* * *

masculino

1)

a) (importancia, valor) interest

de interés turístico — of interest to tourists

un tema de interés humano — a human interest story

de interés científico — of scientific significance o interest

b) ( actitud) interest

despertó el interés de todos — it aroused everyone's interest

con gran interés — with great interest

interés en algo — interest in something

pon más interés en tus estudios — take more interest in your schoolwork

tengo especial interés en que... — I am particularly concerned o keen that...

tienen gran interés en verlo — they are very interested in seeing it

c) (afición, inquietud) interest

2)

a) (conveniencia, beneficio) interest

por tu propio interés — in your own interest, for your own good

actúa sólo por interés — he acts purely in his own interest o out of self-interest

b) intereses masculino plural ( objetivos) interests (pl)

conflicto de intereses — conflict of interests

c) intereses masculino plural (bienes, capital)

tiene intereses en esa empresa — he has a stake o an interest in that company

administro sus intereses — I look after her investments

- interés público

- intereses creados/privados

3) (Fin) interest

a or con un interés del 12% — at 12% interest o at an interest rate of 12%

ganar intereses — to earn interest

tipo de interés — rate of interest

•

- interés compuesto/simple

* * *

masculino

1)

a) (importancia, valor) interest

de interés turístico — of interest to tourists

un tema de interés humano — a human interest story

de interés científico — of scientific significance o interest

b) ( actitud) interest

despertó el interés de todos — it aroused everyone's interest

con gran interés — with great interest

interés en algo — interest in something

pon más interés en tus estudios — take more interest in your schoolwork

tengo especial interés en que... — I am particularly concerned o keen that...

tienen gran interés en verlo — they are very interested in seeing it

c) (afición, inquietud) interest

2)

a) (conveniencia, beneficio) interest

por tu propio interés — in your own interest, for your own good

actúa sólo por interés — he acts purely in his own interest o out of self-interest

b) intereses masculino plural ( objetivos) interests (pl)

conflicto de intereses — conflict of interests

c) intereses masculino plural (bienes, capital)

tiene intereses en esa empresa — he has a stake o an interest in that company

administro sus intereses — I look after her investments

- interés público

- intereses creados/privados

3) (Fin) interest

a or con un interés del 12% — at 12% interest o at an interest rate of 12%

ganar intereses — to earn interest

tipo de interés — rate of interest

•

- interés compuesto/simple

* * *

interés¹

¹ = appeal, appetite, concern, focus, involvement, interest, knowledge interest, piquancy, penchant, pursuit, topicality.

Ex: Indeed, if they are not successful in finding ways of renewing their original purpose and appeal, they are on their way to dissolution and displacement.

Ex: We need to know what and how consumers' information appetites have changed.

Ex: The use of agents is necessary but not ideal, because an agent often represents rival concerns, and aims for a quick turnover rather than long-term profitability.

Ex: Our focus in this text is on the first stage in the following diagram.

Ex: Clearly, anyone having any dealings at all with the CAP needs a general understanding of how the system works, at a level which is appropriate to their involvement.

Ex: An abstracting bulletin is generally a weekly or monthly current-awareness service containing abstracts of all documents of interest that have passed into the library or information unit during that time.

Ex: Phenomenography is an approach that builds on phenomenological and hermeneutic traditions; its knowledge interest is to describe the varying conceptions held within a specific group about a phenomenon = La fenomenografía es un método que parte de las tradicionaes fenomenológicas y hermenéuticas; su interés es describir las diversas concepciones que un grupo concreto tiene sobre un fenómeno.

Ex: Young was a man of singular eccentricity and piquancy of character, a person who was very interesting in his own right.

Ex: Our penchant to organize is perhaps as close to a biological imperative as any form of human behavior is likely to come.

Ex: What is more arguable is whether or not it is a bibliographical pursuit at all since it bears little relationship to the physical nature of the book.

Ex: This year, the event is gaining topicality because of the EU enlargement.

* actuar en defensa de los intereses de las bibliotecas y bibliotec = library advocacy.

* adaptarse a un interés = accommodate + interest.

* ámbito de interés = sphere of interest.

* ampliar el interés = broaden + interest.

* aprovecharse del interés general por Algo = exploit + appeal.

* área de interés = field of interest.

* atraer el interés = capture + the imagination, capture + the interest, draw + interest.

* atraer el interés de = catch + the imagination of.

* caer fuera del interés de = lie outside + the scope of.

* caer fuera del interés de uno = fall outside + Posesivo + interest.

* campo de interés = sphere of interest.

* captar el interés = capture + the imagination, capture + the interest.

* captar el interés de = catch + the imagination of.

* coincidir con los intereses de uno = match + interests.

* combinar intereses = bridge + interests.

* conflicto de intereses = conflict of interest(s), competing interests.

* con intereses ocultos = agenda-laden.

* con intereses propios = self-interested.

* conjunto de intereses = set of interests.

* Consejo Internacional de Museos y Lugares de Interés (ICOMS) = International Council of Museums and Sites (ICOMOS).

* constatar el interés = gauge + interest.

* con un interés en = with a stake in.

* crear interés = build + interest.

* dar interés = spice up, add + spice.

* debate por tema de interés = breakout discussion.

* defender los intereses = defend + interests, lobby for + interests.

* defender los intereses de = go to + bat for, bat for.

* defensa de intereses = lobbying.

* defensa de los intereses de las bibliotecas y bibliotecarios = library advocacy.

* defensor de los intereses del ciudadano = watchdog.

* de interés especial = of particular concern, special-interest.

* de intereses similares = of like interest.

* de interés general = general-interest, of general interest.

* de interés humano = human interest.

* de interés periodístico = newsworthy.

* despertar el interés = provoke + interest, stimulate + interest, stir + interest, whet + the appetite, heighten + interest, rouse + interest, capture + the imagination, capture + the interest, work up + an interest, pique + interest.

* despertar el interés de = catch + the imagination of.

* despertar interés = arouse + interest, attract + interest, raise + interest, spark + interest.

* despertar interés por = kindle + interest in.

* destinado a despertar el interés del usuario = highlight abstract.

* dirigir los intereses de uno = break into.

* el interés público = the public interest.

* en interés de = in the interest(s) of.

* esperar con interés (+ Infinitivo), = look forward to (+ Gerundio).

* estar fuera del interés = lie outside + the scope of.

* estar fuera del interés de uno = lie beyond + concern.

* expresión de interés = application.

* falta de interés por cooperar = unresponsiveness.

* foco de interés = focus of interest, focus of concern, focus of attention.

* fomentar el interés = raise + interest, foster + interest, foster + interest.

* fomentar interés = build + interest.

* generar interés = generate + interest.

* grupo de interés = focus group, interest group.

* grupo de trabajo por tema de interés = breakout group.

* guiado por intereses propios = interest-determined.

* hacer que pierda el interés = take + the shine off things.

* institución de interés histórico = heritage institution.

* institución de interés histórico y cultural = cultural heritage institution.

* interés cada vez mayor = growing interest.

* interés + centrarse en = interest + lie with.

* interés comercial = business interest, commercial interest.

* interés común = shared interest.

* interés creado = vested interest.

* interés + decaer = interest + flag.

* interés económico = economic interest.

* intereses = breadth of interests.

* intereses comerciales = market forces, marketplace forces.

* intereses comunes = common ground, community of interest.

* intereses contrapuestos = conflicting interests.

* intereses cotidianos = life interests.

* intereses de lectura = reading interests.

* intereses encontrados = competing interests.

* intereses ocultos = hidden agenda.

* interés general = public interest.

* interés pasajero = passing interest.

* interés periodístico = newsworthiness.

* interés personal = vested interest, self-interest, axe + to grind, personal interest.

* interés por ganar dinero = profit motive.

* interés por los libros = awareness of books.

* interés público = public interest.

* interés renovado = renewed interest.

* ir en detrimento de los intereses = prejudice + interests.

* lleno de interés = solicitously.

* lugar de interés = attraction, sight.

* lugares de interés = sights.

* mantener el interés = hold + the interest.

* mantener un interés = pursue + interest.

* material documental de interés para los vecinos del barrio = community literature.

* máximo interés = maximum interest.

* mostrar interés = mark + interest.

* mostrar interés en = show + interest in.

* mostrar interés por = express + interest in.

* motivado por intereses propios = interest-based.

* mucho interés = keen interest.

* muestra de interés = expression of interest.

* no tener ningún interés = can't/couldn't be bothered.

* noticias diarias de interés = daily news alerts.

* objeto de interés = object of interest.

* ordenación topográfica según los intereses del lector = reader interest arrangement.

* para personas con intereses similares = birds-of-a-feather.

* perder el interés = pall.

* perder interés = lapse, lose + interest.

* perfil de interés = subject interest.

* perfil de interés del usuario = subject profile, user interest profile.

* perjudicar los intereses = prejudice + interests.

* por interés = out of interest.

* por interés personal = self-interested.

* profundizar el interés = deepen + interest.

* promover un interés = promote + interest.

* proyección de cuestiones de interés = issues management.

* punto de interés = point of interest.

* quitar el interés = take + the shine off things.

* renovado interés = upsurge.

* resumen de interés = highlight abstract.

* reunión por temas de interés = breakout session.

* según los intereses personales de cada uno = interest-based.

* ser de interés para = be of interest (to/for).

* servir los intereses = serve + interests.

* sesión por tema de interés = breakout session.

* sin interés = unexciting, uninteresting, unmoving, vapid.

* tarea falta de interés = chore.

* tema de interés = area of concern, area of enquiry [area of inquiry], area of interest, focus area, issue of concern, topic of interest.

* temas de interés de los usuarios = user interests.

* temas de interés particular = particular concerns.

* tenemos intereses en ambas partes = our feet are in both worlds.

* tener intereses en juego = have + invested.

* tener interés por = have + an interest in.

* tener interés por = be interested in.

* tener mucho interés en = have + a high stake in.

* tener mucho interés por = be keen to.

* tener un interés muy personal en = have + a stake in, hold + a stake in.

* tomarse interés por = take + an interest in.

interés²

² = interest, rate, interest charge.

Ex: Repayments is normally by equal half-yearly payments of capital and interest after a moratorium on capital repayments of up to five years, depending on project completion date.

Ex: The EIB is able to borrow money at the best possible rates, and as it is non-profit making it is able to offer loans at advantageous terms.

Ex: And, most importantly, even if a company makes a loss, it still has to pay its interest charges.

* interés bancario = interest rate.

* interés compuesto = compound interest.

* intereses del capital = capital charges.

* interés fijo = fixed interest.

* interés simple = simple interest.

* pago de los intereses = interest payment.

* recorte de los tipos de interés = rate cut, interest-rate cut.

* reducción de los tipos de interés = rate cut, interest-rate cut.

* subida de los tipos de interés = rate increase, interest-rate increase.

* tipo de interés base = base rate, prime rate.

* tipo de interés preferente = base rate, prime rate.

* * *

interés

masculine

A

1 (importancia, valor) interest

de interés turístico of interest to tourists

un tema de interés humano a human interest story

un descubrimiento de enorme interés científico a discovery of enormous scientific significance o importance

una anécdota sin ningún interés an anecdote of little or no interest

2 (actitud) interest

el anuncio despertó or suscitó el interés de todos the advertisement aroused everyone's interest

con gran interés with great interest

interés EN algo interest IN sth

pon más interés en tus estudios take more interest in your schoolwork

tengo especial interés en que esto se resuelva pronto I am particularly concerned o keen that this should be resolved quickly

tienen gran interés en probarlo they are very interested in testing it

3 (afición, inquietud) interest

la fotografía se cuenta entre sus muchos intereses photography is one of her many interests

B

1 (conveniencia, beneficio) interest

por tu propio interés in your own interest, for your own good o benefit

las mejoras van en interés de todos the improvements are in everyone's interest

actúa sólo por interés he acts purely out of self-interest o in his own interest

2 intereses mpl (objetivos) interests (pl)

había un conflicto de intereses there was a conflict of interests

3 intereses mpl

(bienes, capital): tiene intereses en varias empresas he has a stake o an interest in several companies

un contable administra sus intereses an accountant looks after her investments

Compuestos:

● intereses creados

mpl vested interests (pl)

● intereses privados

mpl private interests (pl)

● interés público

masculine:

el interés público the public interest

C ( Fin) interest

un préstamo a or con un interés del 12% a loan at 12% interest o at an interest rate of 12%

pagan unos intereses muy altos or un interés muy alto they pay very high interest o very high rates of interest

devengar or ganar intereses to earn interest

tipo de interés rate of interest

Compuestos:

● interés compuesto

compound interest

● interés simple

simple interest

* * *

interés sustantivo masculino
1 ( en general) interest;
◊ de interés turístico of interest to tourists;

pon más interés en tus estudios take more interest in your schoolwork;
tengo especial interés en que … I am particularly concerned o keen that …;
tienen gran interés en verlo they are very interested in seeing it;
por tu propio interés in your own interest, for your own good;
actúa solo por interés he acts purely in his own interest o out of self-interest;
conflicto de intereses conflict of interests
2 (Fin) interest;
a or con un interés del 12% at 12% interest o at an interest rate of 12%;
◊ ganar intereses to earn interest;

tipo de interés rate of interest
interés sustantivo masculino
1 (curiosidad) interest: tienes que poner más interés en ello, you must take more interest in it
tengo interés en/por viajar a Perú, I'm interested in travelling to Peru
2 (importancia) esta película carece de interés, this movie lacks interest
no ha sucedido nada de interés, nothing interesting has happened
3 (provecho personal) self-interest: te llama solo por interés, he phones you out of self-interest
(provecho, bien) in the interest of: lo haré en interés tuyo, I shall do it for your own good
en interés de la ciencia, for the sake of science
4 Fin interest
con un interés del 15%, at an interest rate of 15%
tipos de interés, interest rates
♦ Locuciones: perder el interés, to lose interest
con intereses, (con creces, más de lo que se recibió) with interest
' interés' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
amorfa
- amorfo
- candente
- captar
- carente
- comodidad
- común
- conveniencia
- dar
- decir
- deducirse
- desgana
- desganada
- desganado
- despertarse
- desvivirse
- devengar
- entregarse
- flojedad
- hinchar
- hipotecaria
- hipotecario
- importar
- inquietud
- interesar
- interesada
- interesado
- lengua
- llamar
- menguante
- morbosa
- morboso
- pasar
- polarizar
- revelar
- solicitud
- tinta
- tipo
- ver
- abusivo
- acaparar
- anecdótico
- anual
- aparentar
- aparente
- apreciar
- atractivo
- atraer
- auténtico
- baja
English:
accrue
- active
- ax
- axe
- bear
- benefit
- capture
- conflicting
- deep
- demolish
- develop
- fire
- flag
- flat
- fluctuate
- foster
- interest
- interest rate
- keen
- keenly
- lack
- lending
- LIBOR
- pall
- pay
- prime rate
- really
- reduction
- revive
- rising
- self-interest
- send down
- show
- sight
- simple interest
- stake
- stimulate
- sustain
- vested
- wane
- yield
- bank
- concern
- fixed
- memorabilia
- pique
- purpose
- rate
- revival
- secondary

* * *

interés (pl intereses) nm

1. [utilidad, valor] interest;

de interés interesting;

un descubrimiento de gran interés para los enfermos de sida a discovery of great signifiance to people with AIDS;

una construcción de interés histórico a building of historical interest

2. [curiosidad] interest;

un tema de interés común a subject of interest to everyone;

el hallazgo ha despertado el interés de los científicos the discovery has aroused scientists' interest;

tener interés en o [m5] por to be interested in;

tengo interés por recorrer el centro de la ciudad I'm interested in doing a tour of the town centre;

sigo con interés la polémica I'm following the debate with interest

3. [esfuerzo] interest;

trabajó con mucho interés en el proyecto she was an enthusiastic worker on the project;

poner interés en algo to take a real interest in sth;

tienes que poner más interés en los estudios you must show a bit more interest in your schoolwork

4. [conveniencia, provecho] interest;

una obra de interés general o [m5] público a construction project that is in everyone's o the public interest;

hacer algo por el interés de alguien, hacer algo en interés de alguien to do sth in sb's interest;

tengo interés en que venga pronto it's in my interest that he should come soon;

a todos nos mueve un interés común we are all motivated by a common interest

5. [egoísmo] self-interest, selfishness;

por interés out of selfishness;

casarse por (el) interés to marry for money

Comp
intereses creados vested interests
6.
intereses [aficiones] interests;

entre sus intereses se cuentan el golf y la vela his interests include golf and sailing

7.
intereses [económicos] interests;

los intereses españoles en Latinoamérica Spanish interests in Latin America;

tiene intereses en una empresa del sector he has interests o a stake in a company in that sector;

su hermana administra sus intereses her sister looks after her financial interests

8. Fin interest;

un préstamo con un interés del 5 por ciento a loan at 5 percent interest;

interés a corto/largo plazo short-/long-term interest;

tipo o [m5] tasa de interés interest rate

Comp
interés acumulable cumulative interest;
interés compuesto compound interest;

intereses de demora penalty interest [for late payment];

interés devengado accrued o earned interest;

interés interbancario interbank deposit rate;

interés de mora penalty interest [for late payment];

interés preferencial preferential interest rate;

interés simple simple interest;

intereses vencidos interest due

* * *

interés

m

1 interest

2 COM interest;

sin interés interest free

3 desp

self-interest

4

:

intereses pl ( bienes) interests

* * *

interés nm, pl - reses : interest

* * *

interés n interest

pone mucho interés en el trabajo he takes a great deal of interest in his work

es un tema de gran interés it's a very interesting subject

en esta cuenta obtendrás un interés del 5% you'll get 5% interest from this account

tener interés en algo to be interested in something

tener interés en/por hacer algo to be keen to do something

tiene mucho interés en conocerte he's very keen to meet you

Spanish-English dictionary > interés
50 привлекать внимание

1) General subject: advert, attract attention to, (чьё-л.) call (smb.'s), call attention to, (чьё-л.) draw (smb.'s), draw attention, draw attention to, encourage attention, head-line, interest, invite attention, limelight, limelight (к чему-л., кому-л.), (к чему-л.) make a fuss of, meet the eye, strike eye, strike the eye, attract attention, attract notice, catch eye, garner attention (It garnered so much attention that you would have thought it was an off-the-wall publicity stunt.), focus attention, seek attention, turn heads (She turned heads whenever she walked into a room — Куда бы она ни входила, на неё устремлялись восхищённые взгляды)

2) Colloquial: shot to attention

3) Mathematics: attract the attention (of), call attention (to), draw attention (to), fix the attention (of)

4) Diplomatic term: (чьё-л.) engage attention

5) Advertising: gain attention

6) Business: advertise

7) Makarov: bring to notice, (чьё-л.) call to notice, (чьё-л.) draw attention, come into notice, cut a figure, direct attention to, claim attention (к себе)

8) Taboo: pitch

9) Idiomatic expression: (чьё-л.) catch (one's) eye

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > привлекать внимание
51 модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
1. modular data center
модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
-
[Интент]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

[ http://loosebolts.wordpress.com/2008/12/02/our-vision-for-generation-4-modular-data-centers-one-way-of-getting-it-just-right/]

[ http://dcnt.ru/?p=9299#more-9299]

Data Centers are a hot topic these days. No matter where you look, this once obscure aspect of infrastructure is getting a lot of attention. For years, there have been cost pressures on IT operations and this, when the need for modern capacity is greater than ever, has thrust data centers into the spotlight. Server and rack density continues to rise, placing DC professionals and businesses in tighter and tougher situations while they struggle to manage their IT environments. And now hyper-scale cloud infrastructure is taking traditional technologies to limits never explored before and focusing the imagination of the IT industry on new possibilities.

В настоящее время центры обработки данных являются широко обсуждаемой темой. Куда ни посмотришь, этот некогда малоизвестный аспект инфраструктуры привлекает все больше внимания. Годами ИТ-отделы испытывали нехватку средств и это выдвинуло ЦОДы в центр внимания, в то время, когда необходимость в современных ЦОДах стала как никогда высокой. Плотность серверов и стоек продолжают расти, все больше усложняя ситуацию для специалистов в области охлаждения и организаций в их попытках управлять своими ИТ-средами. И теперь гипермасштабируемая облачная инфраструктура подвергает традиционные технологии невиданным ранее нагрузкам, и заставляет ИТ-индустрию искать новые возможности.

At Microsoft, we have focused a lot of thought and research around how to best operate and maintain our global infrastructure and we want to share those learnings. While obviously there are some aspects that we keep to ourselves, we have shared how we operate facilities daily, our technologies and methodologies, and, most importantly, how we monitor and manage our facilities. Whether it’s speaking at industry events, inviting customers to our “Microsoft data center conferences” held in our data centers, or through other media like blogging and white papers, we believe sharing best practices is paramount and will drive the industry forward. So in that vein, we have some interesting news to share.

В компании MicroSoft уделяют большое внимание изучению наилучших методов эксплуатации и технического обслуживания своей глобальной инфраструктуры и делятся результатами своих исследований. И хотя мы, конечно, не раскрываем некоторые аспекты своих исследований, мы делимся повседневным опытом эксплуатации дата-центров, своими технологиями и методологиями и, что важнее всего, методами контроля и управления своими объектами. Будь то доклады на отраслевых событиях, приглашение клиентов на наши конференции, которые посвящены центрам обработки данных MicroSoft, и проводятся в этих самых дата-центрах, или использование других средств, например, блоги и спецификации, мы уверены, что обмен передовым опытом имеет первостепенное значение и будет продвигать отрасль вперед.

Today we are sharing our Generation 4 Modular Data Center plan. This is our vision and will be the foundation of our cloud data center infrastructure in the next five years. We believe it is one of the most revolutionary changes to happen to data centers in the last 30 years. Joining me, in writing this blog are Daniel Costello, my director of Data Center Research and Engineering and Christian Belady, principal power and cooling architect. I feel their voices will add significant value to driving understanding around the many benefits included in this new design paradigm.

Сейчас мы хотим поделиться своим планом модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения. Это наше видение и оно будет основанием для инфраструктуры наших облачных дата-центров в ближайшие пять лет. Мы считаем, что это одно из самых революционных изменений в дата-центрах за последние 30 лет. Вместе со мной в написании этого блога участвовали Дэниел Костелло, директор по исследованиям и инжинирингу дата-центров, и Кристиан Белади, главный архитектор систем энергоснабжения и охлаждения. Мне кажется, что их авторитет придаст больше веса большому количеству преимуществ, включенных в эту новую парадигму проектирования.

Our “Gen 4” modular data centers will take the flexibility of containerized servers—like those in our Chicago data center—and apply it across the entire facility. So what do we mean by modular? Think of it like “building blocks”, where the data center will be composed of modular units of prefabricated mechanical, electrical, security components, etc., in addition to containerized servers.

Was there a key driver for the Generation 4 Data Center?

Наши модульные дата-центры “Gen 4” будут гибкими с контейнерами серверов – как серверы в нашем чикагском дата-центре. И гибкость будет применяться ко всему ЦОД. Итак, что мы подразумеваем под модульностью? Мы думаем о ней как о “строительных блоках”, где дата-центр будет состоять из модульных блоков изготовленных в заводских условиях электрических систем и систем охлаждения, а также систем безопасности и т.п., в дополнение к контейнеризованным серверам.
Был ли ключевой стимул для разработки дата-центра четвертого поколения?

If we were to summarize the promise of our Gen 4 design into a single sentence it would be something like this: “A highly modular, scalable, efficient, just-in-time data center capacity program that can be delivered anywhere in the world very quickly and cheaply, while allowing for continued growth as required.” Sounds too good to be true, doesn’t it? Well, keep in mind that these concepts have been in initial development and prototyping for over a year and are based on cumulative knowledge of previous facility generations and the advances we have made since we began our investments in earnest on this new design.

Если бы нам нужно было обобщить достоинства нашего проекта Gen 4 в одном предложении, это выглядело бы следующим образом: “Центр обработки данных с высоким уровнем модульности, расширяемости, и энергетической эффективности, а также возможностью постоянного расширения, в случае необходимости, который можно очень быстро и дешево развертывать в любом месте мира”. Звучит слишком хорошо для того чтобы быть правдой, не так ли? Ну, не забывайте, что эти концепции находились в процессе начальной разработки и создания опытного образца в течение более одного года и основываются на опыте, накопленном в ходе развития предыдущих поколений ЦОД, а также успехах, сделанных нами со времени, когда мы начали вкладывать серьезные средства в этот новый проект.

One of the biggest challenges we’ve had at Microsoft is something Mike likes to call the ‘Goldilock’s Problem’. In a nutshell, the problem can be stated as:

The worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is not have enough capacity online, thus limiting the growth of our products and services.

Одну из самых больших проблем, с которыми приходилось сталкиваться Майкрософт, Майк любит называть ‘Проблемой Лютика’. Вкратце, эту проблему можно выразить следующим образом:

Самое худшее, что может быть при строительстве ЦОД для бизнеса, это не располагать достаточными производственными мощностями, и тем самым ограничивать рост наших продуктов и сервисов.

The second worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is to have too much capacity online.

А вторым самым худшим моментом в этой сфере может слишком большое количество производственных мощностей.

This has led to a focus on smart, intelligent growth for the business — refining our overall demand picture. It can’t be too hot. It can’t be too cold. It has to be ‘Just Right!’ The capital dollars of investment are too large to make without long term planning. As we struggled to master these interesting challenges, we had to ensure that our technological plan also included solutions for the business and operational challenges we faced as well.
So let’s take a high level look at our Generation 4 design

Это заставило нас сосредоточиваться на интеллектуальном росте для бизнеса — refining our overall demand picture. Это не должно быть слишком горячим. И это не должно быть слишком холодным. Это должно быть ‘как раз, таким как надо!’ Нельзя делать такие большие капиталовложения без долгосрочного планирования. Пока мы старались решить эти интересные проблемы, мы должны были гарантировать, что наш технологический план будет также включать решения для коммерческих и эксплуатационных проблем, с которыми нам также приходилось сталкиваться.
Давайте рассмотрим наш проект дата-центра четвертого поколения

Are you ready for some great visuals? Check out this video at Soapbox. Click here for the Microsoft 4th Gen Video.

It’s a concept video that came out of my Data Center Research and Engineering team, under Daniel Costello, that will give you a view into what we think is the future.

From a configuration, construct-ability and time to market perspective, our primary goals and objectives are to modularize the whole data center. Not just the server side (like the Chicago facility), but the mechanical and electrical space as well. This means using the same kind of parts in pre-manufactured modules, the ability to use containers, skids, or rack-based deployments and the ability to tailor the Redundancy and Reliability requirements to the application at a very specific level.

Посмотрите это видео, перейдите по ссылке для просмотра видео о Microsoft 4th Gen:

Это концептуальное видео, созданное командой отдела Data Center Research and Engineering, возглавляемого Дэниелом Костелло, которое даст вам наше представление о будущем.

С точки зрения конфигурации, строительной технологичности и времени вывода на рынок, нашими главными целями и задачами агрегатирование всего дата-центра. Не только серверную часть, как дата-центр в Чикаго, но также системы охлаждения и электрические системы. Это означает применение деталей одного типа в сборных модулях, возможность использования контейнеров, салазок, или стоечных систем, а также возможность подстраивать требования избыточности и надежности для данного приложения на очень специфичном уровне.

Our goals from a cost perspective were simple in concept but tough to deliver. First and foremost, we had to reduce the capital cost per critical Mega Watt by the class of use. Some applications can run with N-level redundancy in the infrastructure, others require a little more infrastructure for support. These different classes of infrastructure requirements meant that optimizing for all cost classes was paramount. At Microsoft, we are not a one trick pony and have many Online products and services (240+) that require different levels of operational support. We understand that and ensured that we addressed it in our design which will allow us to reduce capital costs by 20%-40% or greater depending upon class.

Нашими целями в области затрат были концептуально простыми, но трудно реализуемыми. В первую очередь мы должны были снизить капитальные затраты в пересчете на один мегаватт, в зависимости от класса резервирования. Некоторые приложения могут вполне работать на базе инфраструктуры с резервированием на уровне N, то есть без резервирования, а для работы других приложений требуется больше инфраструктуры. Эти разные классы требований инфраструктуры подразумевали, что оптимизация всех классов затрат имеет преобладающее значение. В Майкрософт мы не ограничиваемся одним решением и располагаем большим количеством интерактивных продуктов и сервисов (240+), которым требуются разные уровни эксплуатационной поддержки. Мы понимаем это, и учитываем это в своем проекте, который позволит нам сокращать капитальные затраты на 20%-40% или более в зависимости от класса.

For example, non-critical or geo redundant applications have low hardware reliability requirements on a location basis. As a result, Gen 4 can be configured to provide stripped down, low-cost infrastructure with little or no redundancy and/or temperature control. Let’s say an Online service team decides that due to the dramatically lower cost, they will simply use uncontrolled outside air with temperatures ranging 10-35 C and 20-80% RH. The reality is we are already spec-ing this for all of our servers today and working with server vendors to broaden that range even further as Gen 4 becomes a reality. For this class of infrastructure, we eliminate generators, chillers, UPSs, and possibly lower costs relative to traditional infrastructure.

Например, некритичные или гео-избыточные системы имеют низкие требования к аппаратной надежности на основе местоположения. В результате этого, Gen 4 можно конфигурировать для упрощенной, недорогой инфраструктуры с низким уровнем (или вообще без резервирования) резервирования и / или температурного контроля. Скажем, команда интерактивного сервиса решает, что, в связи с намного меньшими затратами, они будут просто использовать некондиционированный наружный воздух с температурой 10-35°C и влажностью 20-80% RH. В реальности мы уже сегодня предъявляем эти требования к своим серверам и работаем с поставщиками серверов над еще большим расширением диапазона температур, так как наш модуль и подход Gen 4 становится реальностью. Для подобного класса инфраструктуры мы удаляем генераторы, чиллеры, ИБП, и, возможно, будем предлагать более низкие затраты, по сравнению с традиционной инфраструктурой.

Applications that demand higher level of redundancy or temperature control will use configurations of Gen 4 to meet those needs, however, they will also cost more (but still less than traditional data centers). We see this cost difference driving engineering behavioral change in that we predict more applications will drive towards Geo redundancy to lower costs.

Системы, которым требуется более высокий уровень резервирования или температурного контроля, будут использовать конфигурации Gen 4, отвечающие этим требованиям, однако, они будут также стоить больше. Но все равно они будут стоить меньше, чем традиционные дата-центры. Мы предвидим, что эти различия в затратах будут вызывать изменения в методах инжиниринга, и по нашим прогнозам, это будет выражаться в переходе все большего числа систем на гео-избыточность и меньшие затраты.

Another cool thing about Gen 4 is that it allows us to deploy capacity when our demand dictates it. Once finalized, we will no longer need to make large upfront investments. Imagine driving capital costs more closely in-line with actual demand, thus greatly reducing time-to-market and adding the capacity Online inherent in the design. Also reduced is the amount of construction labor required to put these “building blocks” together. Since the entire platform requires pre-manufacture of its core components, on-site construction costs are lowered. This allows us to maximize our return on invested capital.

Еще одно достоинство Gen 4 состоит в том, что он позволяет нам разворачивать дополнительные мощности, когда нам это необходимо. Как только мы закончим проект, нам больше не нужно будет делать большие начальные капиталовложения. Представьте себе возможность более точного согласования капитальных затрат с реальными требованиями, и тем самым значительного снижения времени вывода на рынок и интерактивного добавления мощностей, предусматриваемого проектом. Также снижен объем строительных работ, требуемых для сборки этих “строительных блоков”. Поскольку вся платформа требует предварительного изготовления ее базовых компонентов, затраты на сборку также снижены. Это позволит нам увеличить до максимума окупаемость своих капиталовложений.
Мы все подвергаем сомнению

In our design process, we questioned everything. You may notice there is no roof and some might be uncomfortable with this. We explored the need of one and throughout our research we got some surprising (positive) results that showed one wasn’t needed.

В своем процессе проектирования мы все подвергаем сомнению. Вы, наверное, обратили внимание на отсутствие крыши, и некоторым специалистам это могло не понравиться. Мы изучили необходимость в крыше и в ходе своих исследований получили удивительные результаты, которые показали, что крыша не нужна.
Серийное производство дата центров

In short, we are striving to bring Henry Ford’s Model T factory to the data center. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford#Model_T. Gen 4 will move data centers from a custom design and build model to a commoditized manufacturing approach. We intend to have our components built in factories and then assemble them in one location (the data center site) very quickly. Think about how a computer, car or plane is built today. Components are manufactured by different companies all over the world to a predefined spec and then integrated in one location based on demands and feature requirements. And just like Henry Ford’s assembly line drove the cost of building and the time-to-market down dramatically for the automobile industry, we expect Gen 4 to do the same for data centers. Everything will be pre-manufactured and assembled on the pad.

Мы хотим применить модель автомобильной фабрики Генри Форда к дата-центру. Проект Gen 4 будет способствовать переходу от модели специализированного проектирования и строительства к товарно-производственному, серийному подходу. Мы намерены изготавливать свои компоненты на заводах, а затем очень быстро собирать их в одном месте, в месте строительства дата-центра. Подумайте о том, как сегодня изготавливается компьютер, автомобиль или самолет. Компоненты изготавливаются по заранее определенным спецификациям разными компаниями во всем мире, затем собираются в одном месте на основе спроса и требуемых характеристик. И точно так же как сборочный конвейер Генри Форда привел к значительному уменьшению затрат на производство и времени вывода на рынок в автомобильной промышленности, мы надеемся, что Gen 4 сделает то же самое для дата-центров. Все будет предварительно изготавливаться и собираться на месте.
Невероятно энергоэффективный ЦОД

And did we mention that this platform will be, overall, incredibly energy efficient? From a total energy perspective not only will we have remarkable PUE values, but the total cost of energy going into the facility will be greatly reduced as well. How much energy goes into making concrete? Will we need as much of it? How much energy goes into the fuel of the construction vehicles? This will also be greatly reduced! A key driver is our goal to achieve an average PUE at or below 1.125 by 2012 across our data centers. More than that, we are on a mission to reduce the overall amount of copper and water used in these facilities. We believe these will be the next areas of industry attention when and if the energy problem is solved. So we are asking today…“how can we build a data center with less building”?

А мы упоминали, что эта платформа будет, в общем, невероятно энергоэффективной? С точки зрения общей энергии, мы получим не только поразительные значения PUE, но общая стоимость энергии, затраченной на объект будет также значительно снижена. Сколько энергии идет на производство бетона? Нам нужно будет столько энергии? Сколько энергии идет на питание инженерных строительных машин? Это тоже будет значительно снижено! Главным стимулом является достижение среднего PUE не больше 1.125 для всех наших дата-центров к 2012 году. Более того, у нас есть задача сокращения общего количества меди и воды в дата-центрах. Мы думаем, что эти задачи станут следующей заботой отрасли после того как будет решена энергетическая проблема. Итак, сегодня мы спрашиваем себя…“как можно построить дата-центр с меньшим объемом строительных работ”?
Строительство дата центров без чиллеров

We have talked openly and publicly about building chiller-less data centers and running our facilities using aggressive outside economization. Our sincerest hope is that Gen 4 will completely eliminate the use of water. Today’s data centers use massive amounts of water and we see water as the next scarce resource and have decided to take a proactive stance on making water conservation part of our plan.

Мы открыто и публично говорили о строительстве дата-центров без чиллеров и активном использовании в наших центрах обработки данных технологий свободного охлаждения или фрикулинга. Мы искренне надеемся, что Gen 4 позволит полностью отказаться от использования воды. Современные дата-центры расходуют большие объемы воды и так как мы считаем воду следующим редким ресурсом, мы решили принять упреждающие меры и включить экономию воды в свой план.

By sharing this with the industry, we believe everyone can benefit from our methodology. While this concept and approach may be intimidating (or downright frightening) to some in the industry, disclosure ultimately is better for all of us.

Делясь этим опытом с отраслью, мы считаем, что каждый сможет извлечь выгоду из нашей методологией. Хотя эта концепция и подход могут показаться пугающими (или откровенно страшными) для некоторых отраслевых специалистов, раскрывая свои планы мы, в конечном счете, делаем лучше для всех нас.

Gen 4 design (even more than just containers), could reduce the ‘religious’ debates in our industry. With the central spine infrastructure in place, containers or pre-manufactured server halls can be either AC or DC, air-side economized or water-side economized, or not economized at all (though the sanity of that might be questioned). Gen 4 will allow us to decommission, repair and upgrade quickly because everything is modular. No longer will we be governed by the initial decisions made when constructing the facility. We will have almost unlimited use and re-use of the facility and site. We will also be able to use power in an ultra-fluid fashion moving load from critical to non-critical as use and capacity requirements dictate.

Проект Gen 4 позволит уменьшить ‘религиозные’ споры в нашей отрасли. Располагая базовой инфраструктурой, контейнеры или сборные серверные могут оборудоваться системами переменного или постоянного тока, воздушными или водяными экономайзерами, или вообще не использовать экономайзеры. Хотя можно подвергать сомнению разумность такого решения. Gen 4 позволит нам быстро выполнять работы по выводу из эксплуатации, ремонту и модернизации, поскольку все будет модульным. Мы больше не будем руководствоваться начальными решениями, принятыми во время строительства дата-центра. Мы сможем использовать этот дата-центр и инфраструктуру в течение почти неограниченного периода времени. Мы также сможем применять сверхгибкие методы использования электрической энергии, переводя оборудование в режимы критической или некритической нагрузки в соответствии с требуемой мощностью.
Gen 4 – это стандартная платформа

Finally, we believe this is a big game changer. Gen 4 will provide a standard platform that our industry can innovate around. For example, all modules in our Gen 4 will have common interfaces clearly defined by our specs and any vendor that meets these specifications will be able to plug into our infrastructure. Whether you are a computer vendor, UPS vendor, generator vendor, etc., you will be able to plug and play into our infrastructure. This means we can also source anyone, anywhere on the globe to minimize costs and maximize performance. We want to help motivate the industry to further innovate—with innovations from which everyone can reap the benefits.

Наконец, мы уверены, что это будет фактором, который значительно изменит ситуацию. Gen 4 будет представлять собой стандартную платформу, которую отрасль сможет обновлять. Например, все модули в нашем Gen 4 будут иметь общепринятые интерфейсы, четко определяемые нашими спецификациями, и оборудование любого поставщика, которое отвечает этим спецификациям можно будет включать в нашу инфраструктуру. Независимо от того производите вы компьютеры, ИБП, генераторы и т.п., вы сможете включать свое оборудование нашу инфраструктуру. Это означает, что мы также сможем обеспечивать всех, в любом месте земного шара, тем самым сводя до минимума затраты и максимальной увеличивая производительность. Мы хотим создать в отрасли мотивацию для дальнейших инноваций – инноваций, от которых каждый сможет получать выгоду.
Главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen4

To summarize, the key characteristics of our Generation 4 data centers are:

Scalable
Plug-and-play spine infrastructure
Factory pre-assembled: Pre-Assembled Containers (PACs) & Pre-Manufactured Buildings (PMBs)
Rapid deployment
De-mountable
Reduce TTM
Reduced construction
Sustainable measures

Ниже приведены главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen 4:

Расширяемость;
Готовая к использованию базовая инфраструктура;
Изготовление в заводских условиях: сборные контейнеры (PAC) и сборные здания (PMB);
Быстрота развертывания;
Возможность демонтажа;
Снижение времени вывода на рынок (TTM);
Сокращение сроков строительства;
Экологичность;

Map applications to DC Class

We hope you join us on this incredible journey of change and innovation!

Long hours of research and engineering time are invested into this process. There are still some long days and nights ahead, but the vision is clear. Rest assured however, that we as refine Generation 4, the team will soon be looking to Generation 5 (even if it is a bit farther out). There is always room to get better.

Использование систем электропитания постоянного тока.

Мы надеемся, что вы присоединитесь к нам в этом невероятном путешествии по миру изменений и инноваций!

На этот проект уже потрачены долгие часы исследований и проектирования. И еще предстоит потратить много дней и ночей, но мы имеем четкое представление о конечной цели. Однако будьте уверены, что как только мы доведем до конца проект модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения, мы вскоре начнем думать о проекте дата-центра пятого поколения. Всегда есть возможность для улучшений.

So if you happen to come across Goldilocks in the forest, and you are curious as to why she is smiling you will know that she feels very good about getting very close to ‘JUST RIGHT’.

Generations of Evolution – some background on our data center designs

Так что, если вы встретите в лесу девочку по имени Лютик, и вам станет любопытно, почему она улыбается, вы будете знать, что она очень довольна тем, что очень близко подошла к ‘ОПИМАЛЬНОМУ РЕШЕНИЮ’.
Поколения эволюции – история развития наших дата-центров

We thought you might be interested in understanding what happened in the first three generations of our data center designs. When Ray Ozzie wrote his Software plus Services memo it posed a very interesting challenge to us. The winds of change were at ‘tornado’ proportions. That “plus Services” tag had some significant (and unstated) challenges inherent to it. The first was that Microsoft was going to evolve even further into an operations company. While we had been running large scale Internet services since 1995, this development lead us to an entirely new level. Additionally, these “services” would span across both Internet and Enterprise businesses. To those of you who have to operate “stuff”, you know that these are two very different worlds in operational models and challenges. It also meant that, to achieve the same level of reliability and performance required our infrastructure was going to have to scale globally and in a significant way.

Мы подумали, что может быть вам будет интересно узнать историю первых трех поколений наших центров обработки данных. Когда Рэй Оззи написал свою памятную записку Software plus Services, он поставил перед нами очень интересную задачу. Ветра перемен двигались с ураганной скоростью. Это окончание “plus Services” скрывало в себе какие-то значительные и неопределенные задачи. Первая заключалась в том, что Майкрософт собиралась в еще большей степени стать операционной компанией. Несмотря на то, что мы управляли большими интернет-сервисами, начиная с 1995 г., эта разработка подняла нас на абсолютно новый уровень. Кроме того, эти “сервисы” охватывали интернет-компании и корпорации. Тем, кому приходится всем этим управлять, известно, что есть два очень разных мира в области операционных моделей и задач. Это также означало, что для достижения такого же уровня надежности и производительности требовалось, чтобы наша инфраструктура располагала значительными возможностями расширения в глобальных масштабах.

It was that intense atmosphere of change that we first started re-evaluating data center technology and processes in general and our ideas began to reach farther than what was accepted by the industry at large. This was the era of Generation 1. As we look at where most of the world’s data centers are today (and where our facilities were), it represented all the known learning and design requirements that had been in place since IBM built the first purpose-built computer room. These facilities focused more around uptime, reliability and redundancy. Big infrastructure was held accountable to solve all potential environmental shortfalls. This is where the majority of infrastructure in the industry still is today.

Именно в этой атмосфере серьезных изменений мы впервые начали переоценку ЦОД-технологий и технологий вообще, и наши идеи начали выходить за пределы общепринятых в отрасли представлений. Это была эпоха ЦОД первого поколения. Когда мы узнали, где сегодня располагается большинство мировых дата-центров и где находятся наши предприятия, это представляло весь опыт и навыки проектирования, накопленные со времени, когда IBM построила первую серверную. В этих ЦОД больше внимания уделялось бесперебойной работе, надежности и резервированию. Большая инфраструктура была призвана решать все потенциальные экологические проблемы. Сегодня большая часть инфраструктуры все еще находится на этом этапе своего развития.

We soon realized that traditional data centers were quickly becoming outdated. They were not keeping up with the demands of what was happening technologically and environmentally. That’s when we kicked off our Generation 2 design. Gen 2 facilities started taking into account sustainability, energy efficiency, and really looking at the total cost of energy and operations.

Очень быстро мы поняли, что стандартные дата-центры очень быстро становятся устаревшими. Они не поспевали за темпами изменений технологических и экологических требований. Именно тогда мы стали разрабатывать ЦОД второго поколения. В этих дата-центрах Gen 2 стали принимать во внимание такие факторы как устойчивое развитие, энергетическая эффективность, а также общие энергетические и эксплуатационные.

No longer did we view data centers just for the upfront capital costs, but we took a hard look at the facility over the course of its life. Our Quincy, Washington and San Antonio, Texas facilities are examples of our Gen 2 data centers where we explored and implemented new ways to lessen the impact on the environment. These facilities are considered two leading industry examples, based on their energy efficiency and ability to run and operate at new levels of scale and performance by leveraging clean hydro power (Quincy) and recycled waste water (San Antonio) to cool the facility during peak cooling months.

Мы больше не рассматривали дата-центры только с точки зрения начальных капитальных затрат, а внимательно следили за работой ЦОД на протяжении его срока службы. Наши объекты в Куинси, Вашингтоне, и Сан-Антонио, Техас, являются образцами наших ЦОД второго поколения, в которых мы изучали и применяли на практике новые способы снижения воздействия на окружающую среду. Эти объекты считаются двумя ведущими отраслевыми примерами, исходя из их энергетической эффективности и способности работать на новых уровнях производительности, основанных на использовании чистой энергии воды (Куинси) и рециклирования отработанной воды (Сан-Антонио) для охлаждения объекта в самых жарких месяцах.

As we were delivering our Gen 2 facilities into steel and concrete, our Generation 3 facilities were rapidly driving the evolution of the program. The key concepts for our Gen 3 design are increased modularity and greater concentration around energy efficiency and scale. The Gen 3 facility will be best represented by the Chicago, Illinois facility currently under construction. This facility will seem very foreign compared to the traditional data center concepts most of the industry is comfortable with. In fact, if you ever sit around in our container hanger in Chicago it will look incredibly different from a traditional raised-floor data center. We anticipate this modularization will drive huge efficiencies in terms of cost and operations for our business. We will also introduce significant changes in the environmental systems used to run our facilities. These concepts and processes (where applicable) will help us gain even greater efficiencies in our existing footprint, allowing us to further maximize infrastructure investments.

Так как наши ЦОД второго поколения строились из стали и бетона, наши центры обработки данных третьего поколения начали их быстро вытеснять. Главными концептуальными особенностями ЦОД третьего поколения Gen 3 являются повышенная модульность и большее внимание к энергетической эффективности и масштабированию. Дата-центры третьего поколения лучше всего представлены объектом, который в настоящее время строится в Чикаго, Иллинойс. Этот ЦОД будет выглядеть очень необычно, по сравнению с общепринятыми в отрасли представлениями о дата-центре. Действительно, если вам когда-либо удастся побывать в нашем контейнерном ангаре в Чикаго, он покажется вам совершенно непохожим на обычный дата-центр с фальшполом. Мы предполагаем, что этот модульный подход будет способствовать значительному повышению эффективности нашего бизнеса в отношении затрат и операций. Мы также внесем существенные изменения в климатические системы, используемые в наших ЦОД. Эти концепции и технологии, если применимо, позволят нам добиться еще большей эффективности наших существующих дата-центров, и тем самым еще больше увеличивать капиталовложения в инфраструктуру.

This is definitely a journey, not a destination industry. In fact, our Generation 4 design has been under heavy engineering for viability and cost for over a year. While the demand of our commercial growth required us to make investments as we grew, we treated each step in the learning as a process for further innovation in data centers. The design for our future Gen 4 facilities enabled us to make visionary advances that addressed the challenges of building, running, and operating facilities all in one concerted effort.

Это определенно путешествие, а не конечный пункт назначения. На самом деле, наш проект ЦОД четвертого поколения подвергался серьезным испытаниям на жизнеспособность и затраты на протяжении целого года. Хотя необходимость в коммерческом росте требовала от нас постоянных капиталовложений, мы рассматривали каждый этап своего развития как шаг к будущим инновациям в области дата-центров. Проект наших будущих ЦОД четвертого поколения Gen 4 позволил нам делать фантастические предположения, которые касались задач строительства, управления и эксплуатации объектов как единого упорядоченного процесса.

Тематики
- ЦОДы (центры обработки данных)
Синонимы
- модульный ЦОД
EN
- modular data center
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
52 modular data center
1. модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
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[Интент]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

[ http://loosebolts.wordpress.com/2008/12/02/our-vision-for-generation-4-modular-data-centers-one-way-of-getting-it-just-right/]

[ http://dcnt.ru/?p=9299#more-9299]

Data Centers are a hot topic these days. No matter where you look, this once obscure aspect of infrastructure is getting a lot of attention. For years, there have been cost pressures on IT operations and this, when the need for modern capacity is greater than ever, has thrust data centers into the spotlight. Server and rack density continues to rise, placing DC professionals and businesses in tighter and tougher situations while they struggle to manage their IT environments. And now hyper-scale cloud infrastructure is taking traditional technologies to limits never explored before and focusing the imagination of the IT industry on new possibilities.

В настоящее время центры обработки данных являются широко обсуждаемой темой. Куда ни посмотришь, этот некогда малоизвестный аспект инфраструктуры привлекает все больше внимания. Годами ИТ-отделы испытывали нехватку средств и это выдвинуло ЦОДы в центр внимания, в то время, когда необходимость в современных ЦОДах стала как никогда высокой. Плотность серверов и стоек продолжают расти, все больше усложняя ситуацию для специалистов в области охлаждения и организаций в их попытках управлять своими ИТ-средами. И теперь гипермасштабируемая облачная инфраструктура подвергает традиционные технологии невиданным ранее нагрузкам, и заставляет ИТ-индустрию искать новые возможности.

At Microsoft, we have focused a lot of thought and research around how to best operate and maintain our global infrastructure and we want to share those learnings. While obviously there are some aspects that we keep to ourselves, we have shared how we operate facilities daily, our technologies and methodologies, and, most importantly, how we monitor and manage our facilities. Whether it’s speaking at industry events, inviting customers to our “Microsoft data center conferences” held in our data centers, or through other media like blogging and white papers, we believe sharing best practices is paramount and will drive the industry forward. So in that vein, we have some interesting news to share.

В компании MicroSoft уделяют большое внимание изучению наилучших методов эксплуатации и технического обслуживания своей глобальной инфраструктуры и делятся результатами своих исследований. И хотя мы, конечно, не раскрываем некоторые аспекты своих исследований, мы делимся повседневным опытом эксплуатации дата-центров, своими технологиями и методологиями и, что важнее всего, методами контроля и управления своими объектами. Будь то доклады на отраслевых событиях, приглашение клиентов на наши конференции, которые посвящены центрам обработки данных MicroSoft, и проводятся в этих самых дата-центрах, или использование других средств, например, блоги и спецификации, мы уверены, что обмен передовым опытом имеет первостепенное значение и будет продвигать отрасль вперед.

Today we are sharing our Generation 4 Modular Data Center plan. This is our vision and will be the foundation of our cloud data center infrastructure in the next five years. We believe it is one of the most revolutionary changes to happen to data centers in the last 30 years. Joining me, in writing this blog are Daniel Costello, my director of Data Center Research and Engineering and Christian Belady, principal power and cooling architect. I feel their voices will add significant value to driving understanding around the many benefits included in this new design paradigm.

Сейчас мы хотим поделиться своим планом модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения. Это наше видение и оно будет основанием для инфраструктуры наших облачных дата-центров в ближайшие пять лет. Мы считаем, что это одно из самых революционных изменений в дата-центрах за последние 30 лет. Вместе со мной в написании этого блога участвовали Дэниел Костелло, директор по исследованиям и инжинирингу дата-центров, и Кристиан Белади, главный архитектор систем энергоснабжения и охлаждения. Мне кажется, что их авторитет придаст больше веса большому количеству преимуществ, включенных в эту новую парадигму проектирования.

Our “Gen 4” modular data centers will take the flexibility of containerized servers—like those in our Chicago data center—and apply it across the entire facility. So what do we mean by modular? Think of it like “building blocks”, where the data center will be composed of modular units of prefabricated mechanical, electrical, security components, etc., in addition to containerized servers.

Was there a key driver for the Generation 4 Data Center?

Наши модульные дата-центры “Gen 4” будут гибкими с контейнерами серверов – как серверы в нашем чикагском дата-центре. И гибкость будет применяться ко всему ЦОД. Итак, что мы подразумеваем под модульностью? Мы думаем о ней как о “строительных блоках”, где дата-центр будет состоять из модульных блоков изготовленных в заводских условиях электрических систем и систем охлаждения, а также систем безопасности и т.п., в дополнение к контейнеризованным серверам.
Был ли ключевой стимул для разработки дата-центра четвертого поколения?

If we were to summarize the promise of our Gen 4 design into a single sentence it would be something like this: “A highly modular, scalable, efficient, just-in-time data center capacity program that can be delivered anywhere in the world very quickly and cheaply, while allowing for continued growth as required.” Sounds too good to be true, doesn’t it? Well, keep in mind that these concepts have been in initial development and prototyping for over a year and are based on cumulative knowledge of previous facility generations and the advances we have made since we began our investments in earnest on this new design.

Если бы нам нужно было обобщить достоинства нашего проекта Gen 4 в одном предложении, это выглядело бы следующим образом: “Центр обработки данных с высоким уровнем модульности, расширяемости, и энергетической эффективности, а также возможностью постоянного расширения, в случае необходимости, который можно очень быстро и дешево развертывать в любом месте мира”. Звучит слишком хорошо для того чтобы быть правдой, не так ли? Ну, не забывайте, что эти концепции находились в процессе начальной разработки и создания опытного образца в течение более одного года и основываются на опыте, накопленном в ходе развития предыдущих поколений ЦОД, а также успехах, сделанных нами со времени, когда мы начали вкладывать серьезные средства в этот новый проект.

One of the biggest challenges we’ve had at Microsoft is something Mike likes to call the ‘Goldilock’s Problem’. In a nutshell, the problem can be stated as:

The worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is not have enough capacity online, thus limiting the growth of our products and services.

Одну из самых больших проблем, с которыми приходилось сталкиваться Майкрософт, Майк любит называть ‘Проблемой Лютика’. Вкратце, эту проблему можно выразить следующим образом:

Самое худшее, что может быть при строительстве ЦОД для бизнеса, это не располагать достаточными производственными мощностями, и тем самым ограничивать рост наших продуктов и сервисов.

The second worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is to have too much capacity online.

А вторым самым худшим моментом в этой сфере может слишком большое количество производственных мощностей.

This has led to a focus on smart, intelligent growth for the business — refining our overall demand picture. It can’t be too hot. It can’t be too cold. It has to be ‘Just Right!’ The capital dollars of investment are too large to make without long term planning. As we struggled to master these interesting challenges, we had to ensure that our technological plan also included solutions for the business and operational challenges we faced as well.
So let’s take a high level look at our Generation 4 design

Это заставило нас сосредоточиваться на интеллектуальном росте для бизнеса — refining our overall demand picture. Это не должно быть слишком горячим. И это не должно быть слишком холодным. Это должно быть ‘как раз, таким как надо!’ Нельзя делать такие большие капиталовложения без долгосрочного планирования. Пока мы старались решить эти интересные проблемы, мы должны были гарантировать, что наш технологический план будет также включать решения для коммерческих и эксплуатационных проблем, с которыми нам также приходилось сталкиваться.
Давайте рассмотрим наш проект дата-центра четвертого поколения

Are you ready for some great visuals? Check out this video at Soapbox. Click here for the Microsoft 4th Gen Video.

It’s a concept video that came out of my Data Center Research and Engineering team, under Daniel Costello, that will give you a view into what we think is the future.

From a configuration, construct-ability and time to market perspective, our primary goals and objectives are to modularize the whole data center. Not just the server side (like the Chicago facility), but the mechanical and electrical space as well. This means using the same kind of parts in pre-manufactured modules, the ability to use containers, skids, or rack-based deployments and the ability to tailor the Redundancy and Reliability requirements to the application at a very specific level.

Посмотрите это видео, перейдите по ссылке для просмотра видео о Microsoft 4th Gen:

Это концептуальное видео, созданное командой отдела Data Center Research and Engineering, возглавляемого Дэниелом Костелло, которое даст вам наше представление о будущем.

С точки зрения конфигурации, строительной технологичности и времени вывода на рынок, нашими главными целями и задачами агрегатирование всего дата-центра. Не только серверную часть, как дата-центр в Чикаго, но также системы охлаждения и электрические системы. Это означает применение деталей одного типа в сборных модулях, возможность использования контейнеров, салазок, или стоечных систем, а также возможность подстраивать требования избыточности и надежности для данного приложения на очень специфичном уровне.

Our goals from a cost perspective were simple in concept but tough to deliver. First and foremost, we had to reduce the capital cost per critical Mega Watt by the class of use. Some applications can run with N-level redundancy in the infrastructure, others require a little more infrastructure for support. These different classes of infrastructure requirements meant that optimizing for all cost classes was paramount. At Microsoft, we are not a one trick pony and have many Online products and services (240+) that require different levels of operational support. We understand that and ensured that we addressed it in our design which will allow us to reduce capital costs by 20%-40% or greater depending upon class.

Нашими целями в области затрат были концептуально простыми, но трудно реализуемыми. В первую очередь мы должны были снизить капитальные затраты в пересчете на один мегаватт, в зависимости от класса резервирования. Некоторые приложения могут вполне работать на базе инфраструктуры с резервированием на уровне N, то есть без резервирования, а для работы других приложений требуется больше инфраструктуры. Эти разные классы требований инфраструктуры подразумевали, что оптимизация всех классов затрат имеет преобладающее значение. В Майкрософт мы не ограничиваемся одним решением и располагаем большим количеством интерактивных продуктов и сервисов (240+), которым требуются разные уровни эксплуатационной поддержки. Мы понимаем это, и учитываем это в своем проекте, который позволит нам сокращать капитальные затраты на 20%-40% или более в зависимости от класса.

For example, non-critical or geo redundant applications have low hardware reliability requirements on a location basis. As a result, Gen 4 can be configured to provide stripped down, low-cost infrastructure with little or no redundancy and/or temperature control. Let’s say an Online service team decides that due to the dramatically lower cost, they will simply use uncontrolled outside air with temperatures ranging 10-35 C and 20-80% RH. The reality is we are already spec-ing this for all of our servers today and working with server vendors to broaden that range even further as Gen 4 becomes a reality. For this class of infrastructure, we eliminate generators, chillers, UPSs, and possibly lower costs relative to traditional infrastructure.

Например, некритичные или гео-избыточные системы имеют низкие требования к аппаратной надежности на основе местоположения. В результате этого, Gen 4 можно конфигурировать для упрощенной, недорогой инфраструктуры с низким уровнем (или вообще без резервирования) резервирования и / или температурного контроля. Скажем, команда интерактивного сервиса решает, что, в связи с намного меньшими затратами, они будут просто использовать некондиционированный наружный воздух с температурой 10-35°C и влажностью 20-80% RH. В реальности мы уже сегодня предъявляем эти требования к своим серверам и работаем с поставщиками серверов над еще большим расширением диапазона температур, так как наш модуль и подход Gen 4 становится реальностью. Для подобного класса инфраструктуры мы удаляем генераторы, чиллеры, ИБП, и, возможно, будем предлагать более низкие затраты, по сравнению с традиционной инфраструктурой.

Applications that demand higher level of redundancy or temperature control will use configurations of Gen 4 to meet those needs, however, they will also cost more (but still less than traditional data centers). We see this cost difference driving engineering behavioral change in that we predict more applications will drive towards Geo redundancy to lower costs.

Системы, которым требуется более высокий уровень резервирования или температурного контроля, будут использовать конфигурации Gen 4, отвечающие этим требованиям, однако, они будут также стоить больше. Но все равно они будут стоить меньше, чем традиционные дата-центры. Мы предвидим, что эти различия в затратах будут вызывать изменения в методах инжиниринга, и по нашим прогнозам, это будет выражаться в переходе все большего числа систем на гео-избыточность и меньшие затраты.

Another cool thing about Gen 4 is that it allows us to deploy capacity when our demand dictates it. Once finalized, we will no longer need to make large upfront investments. Imagine driving capital costs more closely in-line with actual demand, thus greatly reducing time-to-market and adding the capacity Online inherent in the design. Also reduced is the amount of construction labor required to put these “building blocks” together. Since the entire platform requires pre-manufacture of its core components, on-site construction costs are lowered. This allows us to maximize our return on invested capital.

Еще одно достоинство Gen 4 состоит в том, что он позволяет нам разворачивать дополнительные мощности, когда нам это необходимо. Как только мы закончим проект, нам больше не нужно будет делать большие начальные капиталовложения. Представьте себе возможность более точного согласования капитальных затрат с реальными требованиями, и тем самым значительного снижения времени вывода на рынок и интерактивного добавления мощностей, предусматриваемого проектом. Также снижен объем строительных работ, требуемых для сборки этих “строительных блоков”. Поскольку вся платформа требует предварительного изготовления ее базовых компонентов, затраты на сборку также снижены. Это позволит нам увеличить до максимума окупаемость своих капиталовложений.
Мы все подвергаем сомнению

In our design process, we questioned everything. You may notice there is no roof and some might be uncomfortable with this. We explored the need of one and throughout our research we got some surprising (positive) results that showed one wasn’t needed.

В своем процессе проектирования мы все подвергаем сомнению. Вы, наверное, обратили внимание на отсутствие крыши, и некоторым специалистам это могло не понравиться. Мы изучили необходимость в крыше и в ходе своих исследований получили удивительные результаты, которые показали, что крыша не нужна.
Серийное производство дата центров

In short, we are striving to bring Henry Ford’s Model T factory to the data center. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford#Model_T. Gen 4 will move data centers from a custom design and build model to a commoditized manufacturing approach. We intend to have our components built in factories and then assemble them in one location (the data center site) very quickly. Think about how a computer, car or plane is built today. Components are manufactured by different companies all over the world to a predefined spec and then integrated in one location based on demands and feature requirements. And just like Henry Ford’s assembly line drove the cost of building and the time-to-market down dramatically for the automobile industry, we expect Gen 4 to do the same for data centers. Everything will be pre-manufactured and assembled on the pad.

Мы хотим применить модель автомобильной фабрики Генри Форда к дата-центру. Проект Gen 4 будет способствовать переходу от модели специализированного проектирования и строительства к товарно-производственному, серийному подходу. Мы намерены изготавливать свои компоненты на заводах, а затем очень быстро собирать их в одном месте, в месте строительства дата-центра. Подумайте о том, как сегодня изготавливается компьютер, автомобиль или самолет. Компоненты изготавливаются по заранее определенным спецификациям разными компаниями во всем мире, затем собираются в одном месте на основе спроса и требуемых характеристик. И точно так же как сборочный конвейер Генри Форда привел к значительному уменьшению затрат на производство и времени вывода на рынок в автомобильной промышленности, мы надеемся, что Gen 4 сделает то же самое для дата-центров. Все будет предварительно изготавливаться и собираться на месте.
Невероятно энергоэффективный ЦОД

And did we mention that this platform will be, overall, incredibly energy efficient? From a total energy perspective not only will we have remarkable PUE values, but the total cost of energy going into the facility will be greatly reduced as well. How much energy goes into making concrete? Will we need as much of it? How much energy goes into the fuel of the construction vehicles? This will also be greatly reduced! A key driver is our goal to achieve an average PUE at or below 1.125 by 2012 across our data centers. More than that, we are on a mission to reduce the overall amount of copper and water used in these facilities. We believe these will be the next areas of industry attention when and if the energy problem is solved. So we are asking today…“how can we build a data center with less building”?

А мы упоминали, что эта платформа будет, в общем, невероятно энергоэффективной? С точки зрения общей энергии, мы получим не только поразительные значения PUE, но общая стоимость энергии, затраченной на объект будет также значительно снижена. Сколько энергии идет на производство бетона? Нам нужно будет столько энергии? Сколько энергии идет на питание инженерных строительных машин? Это тоже будет значительно снижено! Главным стимулом является достижение среднего PUE не больше 1.125 для всех наших дата-центров к 2012 году. Более того, у нас есть задача сокращения общего количества меди и воды в дата-центрах. Мы думаем, что эти задачи станут следующей заботой отрасли после того как будет решена энергетическая проблема. Итак, сегодня мы спрашиваем себя…“как можно построить дата-центр с меньшим объемом строительных работ”?
Строительство дата центров без чиллеров

We have talked openly and publicly about building chiller-less data centers and running our facilities using aggressive outside economization. Our sincerest hope is that Gen 4 will completely eliminate the use of water. Today’s data centers use massive amounts of water and we see water as the next scarce resource and have decided to take a proactive stance on making water conservation part of our plan.

Мы открыто и публично говорили о строительстве дата-центров без чиллеров и активном использовании в наших центрах обработки данных технологий свободного охлаждения или фрикулинга. Мы искренне надеемся, что Gen 4 позволит полностью отказаться от использования воды. Современные дата-центры расходуют большие объемы воды и так как мы считаем воду следующим редким ресурсом, мы решили принять упреждающие меры и включить экономию воды в свой план.

By sharing this with the industry, we believe everyone can benefit from our methodology. While this concept and approach may be intimidating (or downright frightening) to some in the industry, disclosure ultimately is better for all of us.

Делясь этим опытом с отраслью, мы считаем, что каждый сможет извлечь выгоду из нашей методологией. Хотя эта концепция и подход могут показаться пугающими (или откровенно страшными) для некоторых отраслевых специалистов, раскрывая свои планы мы, в конечном счете, делаем лучше для всех нас.

Gen 4 design (even more than just containers), could reduce the ‘religious’ debates in our industry. With the central spine infrastructure in place, containers or pre-manufactured server halls can be either AC or DC, air-side economized or water-side economized, or not economized at all (though the sanity of that might be questioned). Gen 4 will allow us to decommission, repair and upgrade quickly because everything is modular. No longer will we be governed by the initial decisions made when constructing the facility. We will have almost unlimited use and re-use of the facility and site. We will also be able to use power in an ultra-fluid fashion moving load from critical to non-critical as use and capacity requirements dictate.

Проект Gen 4 позволит уменьшить ‘религиозные’ споры в нашей отрасли. Располагая базовой инфраструктурой, контейнеры или сборные серверные могут оборудоваться системами переменного или постоянного тока, воздушными или водяными экономайзерами, или вообще не использовать экономайзеры. Хотя можно подвергать сомнению разумность такого решения. Gen 4 позволит нам быстро выполнять работы по выводу из эксплуатации, ремонту и модернизации, поскольку все будет модульным. Мы больше не будем руководствоваться начальными решениями, принятыми во время строительства дата-центра. Мы сможем использовать этот дата-центр и инфраструктуру в течение почти неограниченного периода времени. Мы также сможем применять сверхгибкие методы использования электрической энергии, переводя оборудование в режимы критической или некритической нагрузки в соответствии с требуемой мощностью.
Gen 4 – это стандартная платформа

Finally, we believe this is a big game changer. Gen 4 will provide a standard platform that our industry can innovate around. For example, all modules in our Gen 4 will have common interfaces clearly defined by our specs and any vendor that meets these specifications will be able to plug into our infrastructure. Whether you are a computer vendor, UPS vendor, generator vendor, etc., you will be able to plug and play into our infrastructure. This means we can also source anyone, anywhere on the globe to minimize costs and maximize performance. We want to help motivate the industry to further innovate—with innovations from which everyone can reap the benefits.

Наконец, мы уверены, что это будет фактором, который значительно изменит ситуацию. Gen 4 будет представлять собой стандартную платформу, которую отрасль сможет обновлять. Например, все модули в нашем Gen 4 будут иметь общепринятые интерфейсы, четко определяемые нашими спецификациями, и оборудование любого поставщика, которое отвечает этим спецификациям можно будет включать в нашу инфраструктуру. Независимо от того производите вы компьютеры, ИБП, генераторы и т.п., вы сможете включать свое оборудование нашу инфраструктуру. Это означает, что мы также сможем обеспечивать всех, в любом месте земного шара, тем самым сводя до минимума затраты и максимальной увеличивая производительность. Мы хотим создать в отрасли мотивацию для дальнейших инноваций – инноваций, от которых каждый сможет получать выгоду.
Главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen4

To summarize, the key characteristics of our Generation 4 data centers are:

Scalable
Plug-and-play spine infrastructure
Factory pre-assembled: Pre-Assembled Containers (PACs) & Pre-Manufactured Buildings (PMBs)
Rapid deployment
De-mountable
Reduce TTM
Reduced construction
Sustainable measures

Ниже приведены главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen 4:

Расширяемость;
Готовая к использованию базовая инфраструктура;
Изготовление в заводских условиях: сборные контейнеры (PAC) и сборные здания (PMB);
Быстрота развертывания;
Возможность демонтажа;
Снижение времени вывода на рынок (TTM);
Сокращение сроков строительства;
Экологичность;

Map applications to DC Class

We hope you join us on this incredible journey of change and innovation!

Long hours of research and engineering time are invested into this process. There are still some long days and nights ahead, but the vision is clear. Rest assured however, that we as refine Generation 4, the team will soon be looking to Generation 5 (even if it is a bit farther out). There is always room to get better.

Использование систем электропитания постоянного тока.

Мы надеемся, что вы присоединитесь к нам в этом невероятном путешествии по миру изменений и инноваций!

На этот проект уже потрачены долгие часы исследований и проектирования. И еще предстоит потратить много дней и ночей, но мы имеем четкое представление о конечной цели. Однако будьте уверены, что как только мы доведем до конца проект модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения, мы вскоре начнем думать о проекте дата-центра пятого поколения. Всегда есть возможность для улучшений.

So if you happen to come across Goldilocks in the forest, and you are curious as to why she is smiling you will know that she feels very good about getting very close to ‘JUST RIGHT’.

Generations of Evolution – some background on our data center designs

Так что, если вы встретите в лесу девочку по имени Лютик, и вам станет любопытно, почему она улыбается, вы будете знать, что она очень довольна тем, что очень близко подошла к ‘ОПИМАЛЬНОМУ РЕШЕНИЮ’.
Поколения эволюции – история развития наших дата-центров

We thought you might be interested in understanding what happened in the first three generations of our data center designs. When Ray Ozzie wrote his Software plus Services memo it posed a very interesting challenge to us. The winds of change were at ‘tornado’ proportions. That “plus Services” tag had some significant (and unstated) challenges inherent to it. The first was that Microsoft was going to evolve even further into an operations company. While we had been running large scale Internet services since 1995, this development lead us to an entirely new level. Additionally, these “services” would span across both Internet and Enterprise businesses. To those of you who have to operate “stuff”, you know that these are two very different worlds in operational models and challenges. It also meant that, to achieve the same level of reliability and performance required our infrastructure was going to have to scale globally and in a significant way.

Мы подумали, что может быть вам будет интересно узнать историю первых трех поколений наших центров обработки данных. Когда Рэй Оззи написал свою памятную записку Software plus Services, он поставил перед нами очень интересную задачу. Ветра перемен двигались с ураганной скоростью. Это окончание “plus Services” скрывало в себе какие-то значительные и неопределенные задачи. Первая заключалась в том, что Майкрософт собиралась в еще большей степени стать операционной компанией. Несмотря на то, что мы управляли большими интернет-сервисами, начиная с 1995 г., эта разработка подняла нас на абсолютно новый уровень. Кроме того, эти “сервисы” охватывали интернет-компании и корпорации. Тем, кому приходится всем этим управлять, известно, что есть два очень разных мира в области операционных моделей и задач. Это также означало, что для достижения такого же уровня надежности и производительности требовалось, чтобы наша инфраструктура располагала значительными возможностями расширения в глобальных масштабах.

It was that intense atmosphere of change that we first started re-evaluating data center technology and processes in general and our ideas began to reach farther than what was accepted by the industry at large. This was the era of Generation 1. As we look at where most of the world’s data centers are today (and where our facilities were), it represented all the known learning and design requirements that had been in place since IBM built the first purpose-built computer room. These facilities focused more around uptime, reliability and redundancy. Big infrastructure was held accountable to solve all potential environmental shortfalls. This is where the majority of infrastructure in the industry still is today.

Именно в этой атмосфере серьезных изменений мы впервые начали переоценку ЦОД-технологий и технологий вообще, и наши идеи начали выходить за пределы общепринятых в отрасли представлений. Это была эпоха ЦОД первого поколения. Когда мы узнали, где сегодня располагается большинство мировых дата-центров и где находятся наши предприятия, это представляло весь опыт и навыки проектирования, накопленные со времени, когда IBM построила первую серверную. В этих ЦОД больше внимания уделялось бесперебойной работе, надежности и резервированию. Большая инфраструктура была призвана решать все потенциальные экологические проблемы. Сегодня большая часть инфраструктуры все еще находится на этом этапе своего развития.

We soon realized that traditional data centers were quickly becoming outdated. They were not keeping up with the demands of what was happening technologically and environmentally. That’s when we kicked off our Generation 2 design. Gen 2 facilities started taking into account sustainability, energy efficiency, and really looking at the total cost of energy and operations.

Очень быстро мы поняли, что стандартные дата-центры очень быстро становятся устаревшими. Они не поспевали за темпами изменений технологических и экологических требований. Именно тогда мы стали разрабатывать ЦОД второго поколения. В этих дата-центрах Gen 2 стали принимать во внимание такие факторы как устойчивое развитие, энергетическая эффективность, а также общие энергетические и эксплуатационные.

No longer did we view data centers just for the upfront capital costs, but we took a hard look at the facility over the course of its life. Our Quincy, Washington and San Antonio, Texas facilities are examples of our Gen 2 data centers where we explored and implemented new ways to lessen the impact on the environment. These facilities are considered two leading industry examples, based on their energy efficiency and ability to run and operate at new levels of scale and performance by leveraging clean hydro power (Quincy) and recycled waste water (San Antonio) to cool the facility during peak cooling months.

Мы больше не рассматривали дата-центры только с точки зрения начальных капитальных затрат, а внимательно следили за работой ЦОД на протяжении его срока службы. Наши объекты в Куинси, Вашингтоне, и Сан-Антонио, Техас, являются образцами наших ЦОД второго поколения, в которых мы изучали и применяли на практике новые способы снижения воздействия на окружающую среду. Эти объекты считаются двумя ведущими отраслевыми примерами, исходя из их энергетической эффективности и способности работать на новых уровнях производительности, основанных на использовании чистой энергии воды (Куинси) и рециклирования отработанной воды (Сан-Антонио) для охлаждения объекта в самых жарких месяцах.

As we were delivering our Gen 2 facilities into steel and concrete, our Generation 3 facilities were rapidly driving the evolution of the program. The key concepts for our Gen 3 design are increased modularity and greater concentration around energy efficiency and scale. The Gen 3 facility will be best represented by the Chicago, Illinois facility currently under construction. This facility will seem very foreign compared to the traditional data center concepts most of the industry is comfortable with. In fact, if you ever sit around in our container hanger in Chicago it will look incredibly different from a traditional raised-floor data center. We anticipate this modularization will drive huge efficiencies in terms of cost and operations for our business. We will also introduce significant changes in the environmental systems used to run our facilities. These concepts and processes (where applicable) will help us gain even greater efficiencies in our existing footprint, allowing us to further maximize infrastructure investments.

Так как наши ЦОД второго поколения строились из стали и бетона, наши центры обработки данных третьего поколения начали их быстро вытеснять. Главными концептуальными особенностями ЦОД третьего поколения Gen 3 являются повышенная модульность и большее внимание к энергетической эффективности и масштабированию. Дата-центры третьего поколения лучше всего представлены объектом, который в настоящее время строится в Чикаго, Иллинойс. Этот ЦОД будет выглядеть очень необычно, по сравнению с общепринятыми в отрасли представлениями о дата-центре. Действительно, если вам когда-либо удастся побывать в нашем контейнерном ангаре в Чикаго, он покажется вам совершенно непохожим на обычный дата-центр с фальшполом. Мы предполагаем, что этот модульный подход будет способствовать значительному повышению эффективности нашего бизнеса в отношении затрат и операций. Мы также внесем существенные изменения в климатические системы, используемые в наших ЦОД. Эти концепции и технологии, если применимо, позволят нам добиться еще большей эффективности наших существующих дата-центров, и тем самым еще больше увеличивать капиталовложения в инфраструктуру.

This is definitely a journey, not a destination industry. In fact, our Generation 4 design has been under heavy engineering for viability and cost for over a year. While the demand of our commercial growth required us to make investments as we grew, we treated each step in the learning as a process for further innovation in data centers. The design for our future Gen 4 facilities enabled us to make visionary advances that addressed the challenges of building, running, and operating facilities all in one concerted effort.

Это определенно путешествие, а не конечный пункт назначения. На самом деле, наш проект ЦОД четвертого поколения подвергался серьезным испытаниям на жизнеспособность и затраты на протяжении целого года. Хотя необходимость в коммерческом росте требовала от нас постоянных капиталовложений, мы рассматривали каждый этап своего развития как шаг к будущим инновациям в области дата-центров. Проект наших будущих ЦОД четвертого поколения Gen 4 позволил нам делать фантастические предположения, которые касались задач строительства, управления и эксплуатации объектов как единого упорядоченного процесса.

Тематики
- ЦОДы (центры обработки данных)
Синонимы
- модульный ЦОД
EN
- modular data center
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > modular data center
53 center

(Amer.) see academic.ru/11781/centre">centre

* * *

cen·tre, AM cen·ter

[ˈsentəʳ, AM -t̬ɚ]

I. n

1. (middle) Zentrum nt, Mitte f

I love chocolates with soft \centers ich liebe Pralinen mit weicher Füllung

she felt she was bombarded with criticism, left, right and \center sie fühlte sich von allen Seiten mit Kritik bombardiert

they made a complete mess of that work, left, right and \center sie haben diese Arbeit total verhunzt fam

▪ to be the \center of sth der Mittelpunkt einer S. gen sein

to be the \center of attention im Mittelpunkt der Aufmerksamkeit stehen

2. POL Mitte f

to be left/right of \center Mitte links/rechts sein

3. (place or building) Zentrum nt, Center nt

fitness \center Fitnessstudio nt

test \center Versuchszentrum nt

4. (area of concentration) Zentrum nt

\center of population Ballungsraum m, Ballungsgebiet nt

5. SPORT (middle player) Mittelfeldspieler(in) m(f); (basketball) Center m, mittlerer Angriffspieler; (ice hockey) Sturmspitze f

6. ECON, FIN (group of items in an account) Gruppe f von Posten

II. vt

1. (put in middle)

▪ to \center sth etw zentrieren; TYPO also etw mittig setzen fachspr

2. (focus)

to \center one's attention on sth seine Aufmerksamkeit auf etw akk richten

to \center one's efforts on sth seine Anstrengungen auf etw akk konzentrieren

III. vi

1. SPORT flanken

2. (concentrate)

▪ to \center around sb/sth sich akk um jdn/etw drehen

▪ to \center [up]on sb/sth sich akk auf jdn/etw konzentrieren, sich akk um jdn/etw drehen

ˈcen·ter

n, vt AM see centre

* * *
(US) ['sentə(r)]
1. n

1) (= chief place) Zentrumnt

2) (= middle POL) Mittef; (of circle) Mittelpunktm; (= town centre) Stadtmittef; (= city centre) Zentrumnt, Cityf

centre of gravity — Schwerpunkt m

centre of attention or attraction — Hauptanziehungspunkt m, Hauptattraktion f

she always wants to be the centre of attraction — sie will immer im Mittelpunkt stehen

the man at the centre of the controversy — der Mann im Mittelpunkt der Kontroverse

left of centre (Pol) — links der Mitte

politician/party of the centre — Politiker(in) m(f)/Partei f der Mitte

the centre of the field (Sport) — das Mittelfeld

let's go into the centre — komm, wir gehen in die Stadt!

3) (= community centre, sports centre, shopping centre) Zentrumnt, Centernt

4) (RUGBY) mittlerer Dreiviertelspieler; (BASKETBALL, NETBALL) Centerm

2. vt

1) (ALSO COMPUT) zentrieren

to feel centred (person) — ausgeglichen sein

2) (= concentrate) konzentrieren

to be centred on sth — sich auf etw (acc) konzentrieren

3) (SPORT) ball zur Mitte (ab)spielen

* * *

center, besonders Br centre [ˈsentə(r)]

A s

1. MATH, MIL, PHYS etc, auch fig Zentrum n, Mittelpunkt m:

in ( oder at) the center in der Mitte;

center of attraction

a) PHYS Anziehungsmittelpunkt,

b) fig Hauptanziehungspunkt m;

he is used to being the center of attraction er ist es gewohnt, im Mittelpunkt zu stehen oder dass sich alles um ihn dreht;

center of gravity PHYS

a) Schwerpunkt m (a. fig),

b) Gleichgewichtspunkt m;

center of gyration ( oder motion) PHYS Drehpunkt m;

center of inertia ( oder mass) Massen-, Trägheitszentrum;

center of interest Hauptinteresse n, Mittelpunkt (des Interesses);

be the center of interest ( oder attention) im Mittelpunkt des Interesses stehen;

center of trade Handelszentrum

2. Zentrale f, Zentralstelle f, (Haupt)Sitz m, Zentrum n: → shopping B, etc

3. fig Herd m (einer Revolte etc):

center of conflict Konfliktherd; → storm center

4. POL

a) (die) Mitte

b) Zentrums-, Mittelpartei f

5. PHYSIOL (Nerven) Zentrum n

6. a) Basketball: Center m

b) Eishockey: Mittelstürmer(in)

7. Fußball: Flanke f

8. TECH

a) (Dreh-, Körner)Spitze f (einer Drehbank)

b) Bogenlehre f, -gerüst n

B v/t

1. in den Mittelpunkt stellen (auch fig)

2. fig richten, konzentrieren ( beide:

on auf akk)

3. TECH

a) zentrieren, einmitten:

center the bubble die Libelle (der Wasserwaage) einspielen lassen

b) ankörnen

4. MATH den Mittelpunkt (gen) finden

5. center the ball (Fußball) flanken

C v/i

1. im Mittelpunkt stehen

2. fig sich richten oder konzentrieren (in, on auf akk), sich drehen ( round um)

3. fig sich gründen (on auf dat)

4. Fußball: flanken

c.g. abk PHYS center (besonders Br centre) of gravity

* * *

(Amer.) see centre

* * *

(US) n.

Füllung -en (einer Praline) f.

Mitte -n f.

Mittelpunkt m. adj.

zentral adj. n.

zentrale Lage f. v.

zentrieren v.

English-german dictionary > center
54 bring

1. III
1) bring smth. bring one's own books (his things, smb.'s luggage, smb.'s suitcase, etc.) приносить собственные книги и т. д.; tell him to bring some extra money скажи ему, чтобы он захватил с собой еще денег; bring an answer (a message, good news, bad news, etc.) приносить /сообщать/ ответ и т. д. || bring word сообщать что-л., приносить известие о чем-л.

2) bring smb. bring one's brother (one's wife, smb.'s friends. one's family, etc.) приходить или приезжать вместе с братом и т. д., приходить или привозить брата и т. д.

3) bring smth. bring snow (rain, bad weather, etc.) нести с собой /приносить/ снег и т. д.; spring brings warm weather весна несет нам тепло; spring brings flowers весной появляются цветы; bring good luck (honour, fame, misfortune, etc.) приносить счастье и т. д.; hard work brings its reward усердие вознаграждается; your efforts will bring success ваши усилия увенчаются успехом; her children bring her many anxieties ее дети доставляют ей много волнений /беспокойства/; her letter brought many offers of help на ее письмо многие откликнулись с предложением о помощи

4) bring smth. bring much money (good (dividends, L 250 a year, etc.) приносить /давать/ много денег и т. д.
2. IV
1) bring smth. somewhere bring his things here (his books downstairs, etc.) приносить его вещи сюда и т.д.).; bring his luggage upstairs относить его вещи наверх; bring the chairs inside внести стулья в дом: bring the hammer (the chairs, the things one borrowed. etc.) back приносить обратно /возвращать/ молоток и т. д., bring the books back when you are through верните книги, когда они будут вам больше не нужны; what shall I bring back? что [мне] привезти, когда вернусь?; bring back smb.'s answer (the message) вернуться и передать чей-л. ответ (чью-л. записку); bring one's things (the bag, the hat, etc.) down приносить свои вещи и т. д.). вниз (с верхнего этажа), спуститься и принести свои вещи и т. д.; bring out a few chairs вынести (из дома, из комнаты, на крыльцо, на улицу, в сад и т. п.) несколько стульев; bring in the lamps (another chair, tea-things, etc.) вносить лампы и т.д.).; bring supper (luggage, one's things, etc.) up приносить ужин и т. д. наверх; bring up a jug of hot water принесите мне наверх кувшин горячей воды

2) bring smb., smth. somewhere what has brought you here? как вы сюда попали /здесь очутились/?; bring him back привозить или приводить его обратно; he has gone away from home and nothing will bring him back again он ушел из дому, и ничто не заставит его вернуться; bring the children down приводить детей [с верхнего этажа] вниз; bring the people l.the men, the visrors, etc.) in вводить или приводить людей и т. д. (в комнату, в дом); bring the prisoner in! введите заключенного!; bring her up приведите ее ко мне наверх; his remarks brought me up его замечания заставили меня вскочить [с места]

3) bring smth. at some time how much did your fruit crop bring last year? сколько вы получили /выручили/ за фрукты в прошлом году?
3. V
bring smb. smth.

1) bring me these apples (me my coat, the boy the book, them something to eat, me a jug of hot water, me up my food, etc.) принесите или привезите мне эти яблоки и т. д., you must bring him back two barrels of cider вы должны вернуть ему два бочонка сидра; bring smb. smth. as a present принести кому-л. что-л. в качестве подарка || bring smb. word of /about/ the affair сообщать кому-л. /приносить кому-л. известие/ об этом деле

2) bring my sister luck (him honour, people misfortune, the artist fame, etc.) приносить моей сестре счастье /удачу/ и т. д.

3) bring smb. much money (the shareholders good dividends, him L 250 a year, etc.) приносить /давать/ кому-л. много денег и т. д.).
4. VII
bring smb. to do smth. bring the board to pass him (them to see the wisdom of his plan, them to see my point, etc.) заставить /убедить/ комиссию пропустить его и т. д.. what brought you to do it? что заставило вас это сделать /так поступить/?
5. VIII
bring smb. doing smth. her cries brought the neighbours running на ее крик сбежались соседи
6. XI
1) be brought somewhere dinner (breakfast, wine, etc.) was brought in обед и т. д. подали /был подан/; be brought somewhere by smb. much booty was brought back by the conquerors завоеватели вернулись с богатой добычей; be brought from somewhere it has been brought from abroad это привезли /привезено/ из-за границы

2) be brought before /to/ smth. several points were brought to our attention наше внимание обратили на несколько вопросов; three items were brought before the meeting as matters requiring immediate attention вниманию собрания были предложены три пункта, требующие безотлагательного обсуждения; the matter is being brought before the council tomorrow morning вопрос будет рассматриваться на завтрашнем утреннем заседании совета; it was brought forcibly to his notice его заставили обратить на это внимание

3) be brought before smb., smth. he brought before the magistrate (before the assizes, before a court martial, etc.) предстать перед судьей и т. д.
7. XVIII
bring oneself to do smth. bring oneself to speak about it (to look at him, to take action in the matter, etc.) решиться заговорить об этом и т. д.; I cannot bring myself to believe that... не могу заставить себя поверить, что...
8. XXI1
1) bring smth. from smth. bring chairs from the garden (a stool from the kitchen, etc.) приносить стулья из сада и т. д.; bring the things from outside вносить вещи в помещение; bring smth. out of smth. bring smth. out of a box (out of a suitcase, out of a drawer, etc.) вытаскивать /вынимать/ что-л. из ящика и т. д.; bring smth. to (for) smb. bring these apples to me (his hat to him, etc.) принесите или привезите мне эти яблоки и т. д.; bring flowers for the girl (a chair for his mother, new books for the children, etc.) привесить для девушки /девушке/ цветы и т. д.

2) bring smb. to some place bring smb. to a meeting (to the theatre, to a village, etc.) приводить или привозить кого-л. /приезжать или приходить вместе с кем-л./ на собрание и т. д.; why don't you bring your sister to the party? почему бы вам не привести на этот вечер сестру?; the dolphins brought him safe to land дельфины доставили (его на берег в целости и сохранности || bring smb. on one's way захватить кого-л. с собой по дороге

3) bring smb. into smth. bring smb. into the society of interesting men (of artists, of one's colleagues, etc.) вводить кого-л. в общество интересных людей и т. д.; bring smb. into the conversation а) втянуть кого-л. в разговор, б) заговорить о ком-л. или упомянуть кого-л. в разговоре; bring smth. (in)to smth. bring smth. into action /into operation/ ввести что-л. в действие; bring new banknotes into currency пустить в обращение новые ассигнации; bring long skirt into fashion ввести длинные юбки в моду; bring smth, (in)to the service of man поставить что-л. на службу человеку; bring the new model to the test подвергнуть новую модель проверке /испытанию/

4) bring smth. to smth. bring the evidence to their knowledge (to the public notice, to the attention of..., etc.) довести свидетельские показания до их сведения и т. д.; bring the matter to the fore выдвинуть вопрос на передний план; bring smb., smth. into smth. bring the event into the focus of public attention привлечь к этому событию всеобщее внимание; bring smb., smth. before (under, etc.) smth. bring the actor (a boot, a play, the question, the matter, etc.) before the public (under smb.'s attention, under smb.'s notice, etc.) привлечь внимание публики и т. д. к этому актеру и т д. || bring smth. to light выявить /раскрыть/ что-л.; bring the truth to light пролить свет на правду; bring an event to smb.'s mind напоминать кому-л. о каком-л. событии, воскрешать какое-л. событие в чьей-л. памяти

5) bring smb., smth. (in)to some state bring smb. into disrepute (into unpleasant notoriety, etc.) навлекать дурную славу и т. д. на кого-л.; bring smb. (in)to disgrace опозорить кого-л.; bring smb. into danger (into difficulties, etc.) (по)ставить кого-л. в опасное и т. д., положение; bring smb. into close contact (into association, into friendly relations, etc.) with smb. устанавливать тесную связь и т. д. между кем-л. и кем-л.; bring smb. to grief довести кого-л. до беды; bring smb. to submission добиться от кого-л. подчинения /покорности/; bring smb. to ruin разорить кого-л.; bring smb. to reason /to his senses/ образумить /урезонить/ кого-л.; bring smb. to a recollection of smth. заставить кого-л. вспомнить что-л., напомнить кому-л. о чем-л.; bring smb. to life again а) приводить кого-л. в чувство (после обморока), б) воскрешать кого-л.; bring the patient to a sense of conviction that he would be cured вселить в больного чувство уверенности /уверенность/ в том, что он поправится; bring smb. to his knees поставить кого-л. на колени; bring smb. to his feet заставить кого-л. подняться или вскочить на ноги; bring smb. to the gallows /to the scaffold/ привести кого-л. на виселицу, довести кого-л. до виселицы; bring smth. to completion (to a speedy conclusion, to a successful issue, to an end, to a close, to a termination.) [быстро или успешно] завершить /закончить/ что-л., [быстро] довести что-л. до конца; bring smth. to a stop /to a halt, to a stand/ (при)остановить /прекратить/ что-л.; bring smb.'s plans (smb.'s hopes, smb.'s prospects, etc.) to nought /to nothing/ свести чьи-л. планы и т. д. на нет /к нулю/, разрушить чьи-л. планы и т. д., bring the matter (things, the affairs,. etc.) to such a pass придавать делу и т. д. такой оборот; bring smth. to perfection довести что-л. до совершенства; bring smth. to the boil /to the honing point/ довести что-л. до кипения; bring smth. into accordance with the recent advances in science (into harmony with the results of these experiments, etc.) привести что-л. в соответствие с последними достижениями науки и т. д.; bring smth. into effect реализовать что-л., провести что-л. в жизнь; bring smb. under smth. bring smb. under discipline заставить кого-л. подчиниться дисциплине; bring smb. under the power of smth., smb. (under the domination of smb., etc.) поставить кого-л. в зависимость от чего-л., кого-л. и т. д. || bring a child into the world произвести на свет /родить/ ребенка

6) bring smth. (up)on smb. bring shame upon her (disgrace upon.the family, discredit upon him, misfortune upon oneself, etc.) навлекать на нее позор и т. д., bring suspicion upon oneself навлечь на себя подозрение; you have brought It upon yourself ты сам во всем виноват; it will bring trouble upon him у него из-за этого будут неприятности; bring smth. into smth. bring discard into a family внести в семью раздор; bring smth. to smb., smth. bring luck to my sister (honour to the family, fame to the actor, etc.) приносить сестре счастье и т. д., bring tears to smb.'s eyes вызвать у кого-л. слезы

7) bring smth. against smb. bring an action /a suit/ against smb. возбудить против кого-л. судебное дело, подать на кого-л. в суд; bring an accusation /а charge of smth./ (a complaint, etc.) against smb. выдвигать обвинение и т. д. против кого-л.; bring evidence against smb. представить улики против кого-л.

8) bring smth. in smth. how much did your meat bring in the market? сколько вы получили на базаре за мясо?

9) bring smth. before smth. bring a dispute before a court передать спорное дело в суд || bring smb. to court (to trial, to justice, to judgement) for a crime /on the charge of a crime/ привлекать кого-л. к суду /отдавать кого-л. под суд, судить кого-л./ за какое-л. преступление /по обвинению в каком-л. преступлении/
9. XXVI
|| bring word that she will expect them [вернуться и] сообщить, что она будет их ждать

English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > bring
55 let

Ⅰ.

let¹ [let] (pt & pp let, cont letting)

1 noun

(a) (rental) location f;

∎ she took a six-month let on a house elle a loué une maison pour six mois;

∎ a short/long let une location de courte/longue durée

(b) Sport (in tennis, squash) balle f let;

∎ let! let!;

∎ the ball was a let la balle était let;

∎ to play a let jouer une balle let

(c) Law (hindrance)

∎ without let or hindrance librement, sans entrave

2 transitive verb

(a) (rent) louer;

∎ to let (sign) à louer

(b) archaic

∎ or literary to let (sb's) blood faire une saignée (à qn)

►► Sport let ball balle f let

Ⅱ.

let² [let] (pt & pp let, cont letting)

1 transitive verb

(a) (permit) laisser, permettre; (allow) laisser;

∎ to let sb do sth laisser qn faire qch, permettre à qn de faire qch;

∎ she let them watch the programme elle les a laissés regarder l'émission;

∎ I couldn't come because my parents wouldn't let me je ne suis pas venu parce que mes parents ne me l'ont pas permis;

∎ I let the cakes burn j'ai laissé brûler les gâteaux;

∎ let me buy you all a drink laissez-moi vous offrir un verre;

∎ don't let me stop you going je ne veux pas t'empêcher d'y aller;

∎ let me see the newspaper fais-moi voir le journal;

∎ to let sb past laisser passer qn;

∎ they don't let anyone near the reactor ils ne laissent personne approcher du réacteur;

∎ let me tell you that… permettez-moi de vous dire que…;

∎ it wasn't easy, let me tell you! ça n'a pas été facile, crois-moi!;

∎ familiar don't let it get you down! ne te laisse pas abattre pour ça!;

∎ don't let him get to you ne te soucie pas de lui;

∎ to let sb have sth donner qch à qn;

∎ don't be selfish, let him have a cake! ne sois pas égoïste, donne-lui un gâteau!;

∎ I'll let you have a copy of the report je vous ferai parvenir une copie du rapport;

∎ she let him know what she thought of him elle lui a fait savoir ce qu'elle pensait de lui;

∎ let me know when he wakes up prévenez-moi quand il se réveillera;

∎ I'll let him know you're here je vais le prévenir que vous êtes arrivé;

∎ please let me know if there's any change veuillez me prévenir s'il y a du changement;

∎ please God don't let anything happen to her! faites qu'il ne lui arrive rien!;

∎ to let sth pass laisser passer qch;

∎ familiar to let sb have it (physically) casser la figure à qn; (verbally) dire ses quatre vérités à qn

(b) (followed by "go")

∎ to let sb go (allow to leave) laisser partir qn; (release) relâcher qn; (allow to escape) laisser échapper qn; euphemism (dismiss, fire) licencier qn;

∎ to let sb go, to let go of sb (stop holding) lâcher qn;

∎ they let the hostages go ils ont relâché les otages;

∎ she let her assistant go elle a licencié son assistant;

∎ let me go!, let go of me! lâchez-moi!;

∎ to let sth go (allow to escape) laisser échapper qch;

∎ to let sth go, to let go of sth (stop holding) lâcher qch;

∎ hold the rope and don't let go (of it)! tiens la corde et ne la lâche pas!;

∎ to let oneself go (neglect oneself, relax) se laisser aller;

∎ he's really let the garden go il a vraiment négligé le jardin;

∎ that remark was uncalled-for but I'll let it go cette réflexion était déplacée mais restons-en là;

∎ give me £5 and we'll let it go at that donne-moi 5 livres et on n'en parle plus

(c) (in making suggestions)

∎ let's hurry! dépêchons-nous!;

∎ let's go to bed allons nous coucher;

∎ let's go! allons-y!;

∎ don't let's go out or let's not go out tonight ne sortons pas ce soir;

∎ let's not have an argument about it! on ne va pas se disputer pour ça!;

∎ now, let's not have any nonsense! allons, pas de bêtises!;

∎ shall we have a picnic? - yes, let's! si on faisait un pique-nique? - d'accord!;

∎ formal let us pray prions ensemble

(d) (to focus attention)

∎ let me start by saying how pleased I am to be here laissez-moi d'abord vous dire combien je suis ravi d'être ici;

∎ let me put it another way je vais tâcher d'être plus clair;

∎ let me try and explain je vais essayer de vous expliquer

(e) (in hesitation)

∎ let me think attends, voyons voir;

∎ let me see, let's see voyons

(f) (to express criticism or defiance)

∎ if she doesn't want my help, let her do it herself! si elle ne veut pas de mon aide, qu'elle le fasse toute seule!;

∎ let them talk! laisse-les dire!

(g) (in threats)

∎ don't let me catch you at it again! que je ne t'y reprenne plus!;

∎ familiar let me catch you doing that again and you're for it! si je te reprends à faire ça, ça va être ta fête!

(h) (in commands) Bible

∎ let there be light que la lumière soit;

∎ let the festivities begin! que la fête commence!;

∎ let them be! laisse-les tranquilles!, fiche-leur la paix!

(i) (in making assumptions)

∎ let us suppose that... supposons que...;

∎ Mathematics let x equal 17 soit x égal à 17;

∎ Mathematics let ABC be a right-angled triangle soit un triangle rectangle ABC

2 let alone conjunction

∎ I wouldn't go out with him, let alone marry him je ne sortirais même pas avec lui, alors pour ce qui est de l'épouser...;

∎ he's never even used a computer, let alone surfed the Internet il ne s'est jamais servi d'un ordinateur et encore moins de l'Internet

➲ let by separable transitive verb

∎ to let sb by laisser passer qn

➲ let down separable transitive verb

(a) (disappoint) décevoir;

∎ to let sb down gently ménager qn;

∎ I felt really let down j'étais vraiment déçu;

∎ our old car has never let us down notre vieille voiture ne nous a jamais lâchés;

∎ he has been badly let down il a été gravement déçu

(b) (lower, let fall → object) baisser, (faire) descendre; (→ hair) dénouer;

∎ figurative to let sb down gently traiter qn avec ménagement

(c) (garment) rallonger;

∎ to let the hem of a dress down rallonger une robe

(d) (deflate) dégonfler

➲ let in separable transitive verb

(a) (person, animal) laisser entrer;

∎ to let sb in ouvrir (la porte) à qn, faire entrer qn;

∎ his mother let me in sa mère m'a fait entrer ou m'a ouvert (la porte);

∎ here's the key to let yourself in voici la clé pour entrer;

∎ she let herself in with a pass key elle est entrée avec un passe

(b) (air, water) laisser passer;

∎ the roof lets the rain in le toit laisse entrer ou passer la pluie;

∎ my shoes let in water mes chaussures prennent l'eau

(c) Cars

∎ to let in the clutch embrayer

➲ let in for separable transitive verb

∎ he didn't realize what he was letting himself in for il ne savait pas à quoi il s'engageait;

∎ we're letting ourselves in for a lot of work nous allons avoir beaucoup de travail

➲ let in on separable transitive verb

∎ to let sb in on sth mettre qn au courant de qch;

∎ have you let him in on the secret? lui avez-vous confié le secret?

➲ let into separable transitive verb

(a) (allow to enter) laisser entrer;

∎ my mother let her into the flat ma mère l'a laissée entrer dans l'appartement

(b) (allow to know)

∎ I'll let you into a secret je vais te confier un secret

(c) (insert) encastrer;

∎ the pipes are let into the wall les tuyaux sont encastrés dans le mur;

∎ to let a door/window into a wall percer une porte/fenêtre dans un mur

➲ let off

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (excuse) dispenser;

∎ to let sb off doing sth dispenser qn de faire qch;

∎ I've been let off work je suis dispensé de travailler

(b) (allow to leave) laisser partir; (allow to disembark) laisser descendre;

∎ we were let off an hour early on nous a laissés partir une heure plus tôt;

∎ they let us off the bus on nous a laissés descendre du bus

(c) (criminal, pupil, child) ne pas punir;

∎ the judge let him off lightly le juge a fait preuve d'indulgence à son égard;

∎ she was let off with a fine elle s'en est tirée avec une amende;

∎ I'll let you off this time pour cette fois, je passe;

∎ you let him off too easily vous n'avez pas été assez sévère avec lui

(d) (bomb, explosive) faire exploser; (firework) faire partir; (gun) laisser partir

(e) (release → steam, liquid) laisser échapper;

∎ figurative to let off steam se défouler

(f) (rent) louer;

∎ the whole building is let off as offices tout l'immeuble est loué en bureaux

2 intransitive verb

familiar (break wind) péter

➲ let on

1 separable transitive verb

(allow to embark) laisser monter;

∎ they let us on the train on nous a laissés monter dans le train

2 intransitive verb

familiar parler^□ ;

∎ she never let on elle ne l'a jamais dit;

∎ somebody let on about the wedding to the press quelqu'un a parlé du mariage à ou a révélé le mariage à la presse;

∎ he didn't let on that he saw her (didn't tell anyone) il n'a pas dit qu'il l'avait vue; (didn't acknowledge her) il a fait semblant de ne pas la voir;

∎ don't let on! pas un mot!

➲ let out

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (allow to leave) laisser sortir; (bird) laisser échapper; (prisoner) libérer;

∎ the teacher let us out early le professeur nous a laissés sortir plus tôt;

∎ my secretary will let you out ma secrétaire va vous reconduire;

∎ don't get up, I'll let myself out ne vous levez pas, je connais le chemin

(b) (water, air) laisser échapper;

∎ someone's let the air out of the tyres quelqu'un a dégonflé les pneus

(c) (shout, oath, whistle) laisser échapper

(d) (secret) révéler;

∎ who let it out that they're getting married? qui est allé raconter qu'ils allaient se marier?

(e) (garment) élargir

(f) Cars

∎ to let out the clutch débrayer

(g) British (rent) louer;

∎ they let out boats by the hour ils louent des bateaux à l'heure

2 intransitive verb

American (end) finir

➲ let up intransitive verb

(a) (stop) arrêter; (diminish) diminuer;

∎ the rain didn't let up all day il n'a pas cessé ou arrêté de pleuvoir de toute la journée;

∎ once he's started he never lets up une fois lancé, il ne s'arrête plus

(b) (relax)

∎ he never lets up il ne s'accorde aucun répit;

∎ don't let up now, you're in the lead ce n'est pas le moment de faiblir, tu es en tête

➲ let up on inseparable transitive verb

familiar

∎ to let up on sb lâcher la bride à qn

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > let
56 agrupar

v.

1 to group (together).

Ricardo agrupa las flores rojas Richard groups red flowers.

María agrupa a las chicas Mary groups the girls.

2 to consolidate.

El sufrimiento agrupa a las personas Suffering consolidates people.

3 to join together, to herd together, to cluster together, to crowd together.

Ricardo agrupa a los cadetes Richard joins the cadets together.

* * *

agrupar

► verbo transitivo

1 to group, put into groups

► verbo pronominal agruparse

1 to group together, form a group

2 (asociarse) to associate

* * *

verb

to group

- agruparse

* * *

1.

VT (=reunir en grupo) to group, group together; [+ gente, datos etc] to gather, assemble; (=amontonar) to crowd together

2.

See:

agruparse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

a) ( formar grupos) to put... into groups, to group

agrupa esos libros por autores — group those books by author

b) ( reunir) <organizaciones/partidos> to bring together
2.
agruparse v pron

a) ( formar un grupo) niños/policías to gather; partidos to come together

b) ( dividirse en grupos) to get into groups

* * *

= bring together, categorise [categorize, -USA], draw together, fall into, group, group together, merge, pull together, put together, stack, encapsulate, coalesce, lump together, juxtapose, stand + together, pool, band, shuffle together.

Nota: De un modo poco preciso.

Ex. For example, Recreation, previously dispersed over several main classes, is now brought together as a new main class, and Space Science has been added between Astronomy and the Earth Sciences.

Ex. It is widely recognised that it is difficult and unhelpful to categorise fiction according to a subject classification = Es un hecho ampliamente reconocido la dificultad y la poca utilidad de clasificar la literatura narrativa de acuerdo con una clasificación por materias.

Ex. The application of the classification schemes, once constructed, involves synthesis, or the drawing together of the single concepts which are listed in the scheme from their different facets, in order to specify compound subjects.

Ex. References will also be necessary, and will fall into the same types as those identified for personal authors, that is, 'see', 'see also', and explanatory references.

Ex. There are a number of types of abstracts which will be grouped under the term 'mini-abstracts'.

Ex. Some schools favor subject arrangement, other group together everything by publisher, and others sort everything out according to a theme.

Ex. During the construction of a thesaurus, the computer can be enlisted to sort, merge, edit and compare terms.

Ex. This library decided to launch an attack on illiteracy by pulling together a variety of approaches to learning to read.

Ex. The way in which this scheme is put together in book form often causes some confusion at first.

Ex. Cards are filed in drawers, approximately 1000 cards per drawer, which when stacked together may form a catalogue cabinet.

Ex. The fundamental OOP technique is to encapsulate data with the operations/code that operate on that data into a single entity which is called an object.

Ex. Mayo's conclusion was that 'the singling out of certain groups of employees for special attention had the effect of coalescing previously indifferent individuals into cohesive groups with a high degree of group ride or esprit-de-corps'.

Ex. He also lumps himself and librarians together as 'devoted and in some instances veteran pursuers, preservers, and disseminators of truth'.

Ex. We might consider that the key term, the one on which the others depend and which will juxtapose the document most usefully with others of a like kind, is Home Office.

Ex. For instance, in reproduction of Renoir's work under the subject IMPRESSIONISM, Renoir's works would not stand together in the catalog but be spread out according to their titles.

Ex. The results of two studies of the way reference librarians work were pooled to provide an understanding of the important features necessary in software for computerized reference work.

Ex. The author advises banding retention policies to focus on a few clear options.

Ex. This volume is in fact three books shuffled together under one luscious cover, unfurling as a fantasia on technique that explores, among other things, Mau's riffs on modernism.

----

* agrupar los términos sinónimos = merge + synonyms.

* agrupar palabras que tienen la misma raíz = merge + word forms.

* agruparse = band together, cluster, team, partner.

* agruparse (con) = team up (with).

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

a) ( formar grupos) to put... into groups, to group

agrupa esos libros por autores — group those books by author

b) ( reunir) <organizaciones/partidos> to bring together
2.
agruparse v pron

a) ( formar un grupo) niños/policías to gather; partidos to come together

b) ( dividirse en grupos) to get into groups

* * *

= bring together, categorise [categorize, -USA], draw together, fall into, group, group together, merge, pull together, put together, stack, encapsulate, coalesce, lump together, juxtapose, stand + together, pool, band, shuffle together.

Nota: De un modo poco preciso.

Ex: For example, Recreation, previously dispersed over several main classes, is now brought together as a new main class, and Space Science has been added between Astronomy and the Earth Sciences.

Ex: It is widely recognised that it is difficult and unhelpful to categorise fiction according to a subject classification = Es un hecho ampliamente reconocido la dificultad y la poca utilidad de clasificar la literatura narrativa de acuerdo con una clasificación por materias.

Ex: The application of the classification schemes, once constructed, involves synthesis, or the drawing together of the single concepts which are listed in the scheme from their different facets, in order to specify compound subjects.

Ex: References will also be necessary, and will fall into the same types as those identified for personal authors, that is, 'see', 'see also', and explanatory references.

Ex: There are a number of types of abstracts which will be grouped under the term 'mini-abstracts'.

Ex: Some schools favor subject arrangement, other group together everything by publisher, and others sort everything out according to a theme.

Ex: During the construction of a thesaurus, the computer can be enlisted to sort, merge, edit and compare terms.

Ex: This library decided to launch an attack on illiteracy by pulling together a variety of approaches to learning to read.

Ex: The way in which this scheme is put together in book form often causes some confusion at first.

Ex: Cards are filed in drawers, approximately 1000 cards per drawer, which when stacked together may form a catalogue cabinet.

Ex: The fundamental OOP technique is to encapsulate data with the operations/code that operate on that data into a single entity which is called an object.

Ex: Mayo's conclusion was that 'the singling out of certain groups of employees for special attention had the effect of coalescing previously indifferent individuals into cohesive groups with a high degree of group ride or esprit-de-corps'.

Ex: He also lumps himself and librarians together as 'devoted and in some instances veteran pursuers, preservers, and disseminators of truth'.

Ex: We might consider that the key term, the one on which the others depend and which will juxtapose the document most usefully with others of a like kind, is Home Office.

Ex: For instance, in reproduction of Renoir's work under the subject IMPRESSIONISM, Renoir's works would not stand together in the catalog but be spread out according to their titles.

Ex: The results of two studies of the way reference librarians work were pooled to provide an understanding of the important features necessary in software for computerized reference work.

Ex: The author advises banding retention policies to focus on a few clear options.

Ex: This volume is in fact three books shuffled together under one luscious cover, unfurling as a fantasia on technique that explores, among other things, Mau's riffs on modernism.

* agrupar los términos sinónimos = merge + synonyms.

* agrupar palabras que tienen la misma raíz = merge + word forms.

* agruparse = band together, cluster, team, partner.

* agruparse (con) = team up (with).

* * *

agrupar [A1 ]

vt

agruparon a los niños por edades they divided o put the children into groups according to their ages

agrupa esos libros por autores group those books by author

la coalición agrupa a siete partidos distintos the coalition is made up of seven different parties

agrupó a varias organizaciones ecologistas it brought together several ecologist groups

■ agruparse

v pron

1 (formar un grupo) «niños/policías» to gather, form a group; «partidos» to come together, join forces

2 (dividirse en grupos) to get into groups

* * *

agrupar ( conjugate agrupar) verbo transitivo
a) ( formar grupos) to put … into groups, to group

b) ( reunir) ‹organizaciones/partidos› to bring together

agruparse verbo pronominal
a) ( formar un grupo) [niños/policías] to gather;

[ partidos] to come together
b) ( dividirse en grupos) to get into groups

agrupar verbo transitivo to group
' agrupar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aunar
English:
bracket
- group
- lump

* * *

agrupar

♦ vt

to group (together);

la red agrupa a veinte emisoras locales the network brings together o is made up of twenty local radio stations;

la guía agrupa toda la información disponible sobre el tema the guide brings together all the available information on the subject;

una asociación que agrupa a más de 10.000 médicos an association of more than 10,000 doctors

♦ See also the pronominal verb agruparse

* * *

agrupar

v/t group, put into groups

* * *

agrupar vt

: to group together

* * *

agrupar vb to put into groups [pt. & pp. put]

agrupó a los niños she put the children into groups

Spanish-English dictionary > agrupar
57 uwa|ga

Ⅰ f 1. sgt (koncentracja) attention
- napięta/skupiona uwaga close/focused attention

- skierować czyjąś uwagę na coś to direct a. draw sb’s attention to sth

- zajmować (czyjąś) uwagę to occupy a. absorb sb’s attention

- odwracać (czyjąś) uwagę to distract a. divert sb’s attention

- przyciągać uwagę to attract a. draw attention

- skupiać uwagę to focus one’s attention

- w centrum uwagi in the centre of attention

- wysłuchał moich słów z uwagą he listened closely a. attentively to what I said

- słuchać z napiętą/największą uwagą to listen with close/with the utmost attention

- obchodzić się z czymś z uwagą to handle sth with care

- wart/niewart uwagi worthy/not worthy of attention

- godny uwagi noteworthy, notable
2. (komentarz) remark, comment
- trafna/dowcipna/banalna/luźna/niestosowna uwaga an apt/a witty/a banal/a casual/an inappropriate remark a. comment

- musimy uwzględnić uwagi krytyczne ekspertów we have to take the experts’ critical comments into consideration

- wymieniliśmy uwagi na temat obejrzanego filmu we exchanged comments on the film we’d just seen
3. zw. pl (pouczenie) comment, remark
- nie szczędzić komuś uwag not to spare sb one’s comments
4. Szkol. (nagana) nauczycielka wpisała mu uwagę do dzienniczka ≈ the teacher wrote a note to his parents about his behaviour Ⅱ inter. attention!, look a. watch out!
- uwaga, samochód! look out, there’s a car coming!

- proszę o uwagę! attention please!

- „uwaga, zły pies” ‘beware of the dog’

■ brać pod uwagę to take into consideration a. account

- przy przygotowywaniu kolacji nie bierzcie mnie pod uwagę count me out for supper

- czy może pan zwrócić uwagę na moją torbę/walizkę? pot. would you keep an eye on my bag/suitcase (for a moment)?

- mieć kogoś/coś na uwadze to have sb/sth in mind

- nie uszło mojej uwagi, że… it didn’t escape my notice a. attention that…

- nie podobało mi się to, jak postąpił, ale nie będę mu robił uwag pot. I didn’t like the way he behaved, but I’m not going to say anything

- ujść czyjejś uwagi a. uwadze to escape sb’s notice a. attention

- zasługiwać na uwagę to be worthy noticing, to be worthy of note

- zwracać/zwrócić komuś uwagę to reprimand sb

- zwracać uwagę (uważać) to pay attention; (być interesującym) to attract attention

- ubiera się w jaskrawe kolory po to, żeby zwrócić na siebie uwagę she dresses in bright colours to attract attention

- jeżdżąc samochodem często nie zwracał uwagi na znaki drogowe when driving he frequently disregarded the road signs

- zawsze zwracałem uwagę na ubiór I’ve always been careful about the way I dress

- pamiętam, że był to samochód czerwony, ale nie zwróciłem uwagi na rejestrację I remember that it was a red car, but I didn’t notice the registration

- zwróć uwagę, żeby nie wyszedł do szkoły bez czapki make sure that he doesn’t go to school without his hat

- zwracam uwagę, że… I’d like to point out that…, please note that…

The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > uwa|ga
58 mira

intj.

1 look, look here, listen, behold.

2 to tell you the truth.

f.

1 sight.

mira telescópica telescopic sight

2 intention.

con miras a with a view to, with the intention of

poner la mira o las miras en algo to set one's sights on something

3 aim, goal, intention, objective.

4 watchtower.

pres.indicat.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: mirar.

* * *

mira

► nombre femenino

1 (dispositivo) sight

2 figurado intention

■ no sé cuáles son sus miras en este asunto I don't know what his intentions are

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

con miras a with a view to

■ lo hizo con miras a montar un negocio he did it with a view to setting up a business

estrecho,-a de miras narrow-minded

tener sus miras en algo/alguien to have one's eye on something/somebody

mira telescópica telescopic sight

* * *

SF

1) (Mil, Téc) sight

- estar con o tener la mira puesta en algo

mira de bombardeo — bombsight

mira telescópica — telescopic sight

2) (=intención) aim, intention

con la mira de hacer algo — with the aim of doing sth

con miras a — with a view to

llevar una mira interesada — to have (only) one's own interests at heart

tener miras sobre algo/algn — to have designs on sth/sb

3) pl miras (=actitud)

corto de miras — narrow-minded

amplio o ancho de miras — (=tolerante) broad-minded

de miras estrechas — narrow-minded

4)

estar a la mira — to be on the lookout (de for)

5) (=torre) watchtower; (=puesto) lookout post

* * *

femenino

a) (Arm, Ópt) sight

b) (intención, objetivo)

con miras a reducir los gastos — with a view to reducing costs

tiene la mira puesta en ese cargo — he's set his sights on getting that job

sus miras son egoístas — his motives are selfish

encarar algo con amplitud de miras — to adopt a broad-minded approach to something

es muy estrecho de miras — he's very narrow-minded

* * *

= viewfinder, gun sight [gunsight].

Nota: De arma.

Ex. Animals give me more pleasure through the viewfinder of a camera than they ever did in the crosshairs of a gun sight.

Ex. Animals give me more pleasure through the viewfinder of a camera than they ever did in the crosshairs of a gun sight.

----

* en el blanco de mira = in the spotlight, in the crosshairs.

* en el punto de mira = in the spotlight, in the crosshairs.

* en + Posesivo + punto de mira = in + Posesivo + sights.

* mira telescópica = telescopic sight.

* * *

femenino

a) (Arm, Ópt) sight

b) (intención, objetivo)

con miras a reducir los gastos — with a view to reducing costs

tiene la mira puesta en ese cargo — he's set his sights on getting that job

sus miras son egoístas — his motives are selfish

encarar algo con amplitud de miras — to adopt a broad-minded approach to something

es muy estrecho de miras — he's very narrow-minded

* * *

= viewfinder, gun sight [gunsight].

Nota: De arma.

Ex: Animals give me more pleasure through the viewfinder of a camera than they ever did in the crosshairs of a gun sight.

Ex: Animals give me more pleasure through the viewfinder of a camera than they ever did in the crosshairs of a gun sight.

* en el blanco de mira = in the spotlight, in the crosshairs.

* en el punto de mira = in the spotlight, in the crosshairs.

* en + Posesivo + punto de mira = in + Posesivo + sights.

* mira telescópica = telescopic sight.

* * *

mira

feminine

A

1 ( Arm, Ópt) sight

mira telescópica telescopic sight

2

(intención, objetivo): con miras a reducir los gastos with a view to reducing costs

vino con la mira de quedarse unos días he came intending to stay o with the idea of staying (for) a few days

tiene la mira puesta en ese cargo he's set his sights on getting that job

sus miras son egoístas his motives are selfish

es de una estrechez de miras increíble she has an amazingly narrow o shortsighted outlook (on things)

hay que encarar el proyecto con amplitud de miras we have to adopt a broad-minded approach to the project

es muy estrecho de miras he's very narrow-minded

B

( RPl) (perspectiva): ¿están por terminar? — ¡ni miras! are you nearly finished? — nowhere near! o you must be joking! ( colloq)

llevan tres años de novios pero no tienen miras de casarse they've been going out for three years but they don't have any plans to marry

* * *

Del verbo mirar: ( conjugate mirar)

mira es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
mira
mirar
mira sustantivo femenino
a) (Arm, Ópt) sight;

b) (intención, objetivo):

◊ con miras a reducir los gastos with a view to reducing costs;

con la mira puesta en el porvenir with one's sight set on the future;
es muy estrecho de miras he's very narrow-minded
mirar ( conjugate mirar) verbo transitivo
1
a) (observar, contemplar) to look at;

◊ mira un cuadro to look at a picture;

no me mires así don't look at me like that;
mira a algn a los ojos to look sb in the eye;
se me quedó mirando he just stared at me;
miraba distraída por la ventana he was gazing absent-mindedly out of the window;
miraba cómo lo hacía he was watching how she did it;
ir a mira escaparates or (AmL) vidrieras to go window shopping
b) ‹programa/partido/televisión› to watch

2 ( fijarse) to look;
◊ ¡mira lo que has hecho! look what you've done!;

mira bien que esté apagado make sure o check it's off;
miré a ver si estaba listo I had a look to see if he was ready
3 ( considerar):
◊ míralo desde otro punto de vista look at it from another point of view;

lo mires por donde lo mires whatever o whichever way you look at it;
mirándolo bien ( pensándolo detenidamente) all things considered;

( pensándolo mejor) on second thoughts;
◊ mira a algn en menos to look down on sb;

mira mal a algn to disapprove of sb
4 (expresando incredulidad, irritación, etc):
◊ ¡mira que poner un plato de plástico en el horno …! honestly o really! imagine putting a plastic dish in the oven …! (colloq);

¡mira que eres tacaño! boy, you're mean! (colloq);
¡mira las veces que te lo habré dicho …! the times I've told you!
verbo intransitivo
1 ( en general) to look;
◊ he mirado por todas partes I've looked everywhere;

mira por la ventana to look out of the window;
¿miraste bien? did you have a good look?, did you look properly?;
mira atrás to look back
2 ( estar orientado) mira A/HACIA algo [ fachada] to face sth;
[terraza/habitación] to look out over sth, overlook sth;
◊ ponte mirando hacia la ventana stand (o sit etc) facing the window

3
◊ mirar por

a) ( preocuparse por) to think of

b) (Col) ( cuidar) to look after

mirarse verbo pronominal
a) ( refl) to look at oneself;

◊ mirase en el espejo to look at oneself in the mirror

b) ( recípr) to look at each other

mira sustantivo femenino
1 (pieza de instrumento o arma por donde se mira) sight
mira telescópica, telescopic sight
2 pref pl (intención) plan, intention, sight: hemos estado ahorrando con miras a mandar a Juan a la universidad, we've been saving to send Juan to the university
3 Téc levelling stave/staff/rod
mirar
I verbo transitivo
1 to look at: me miró con preocupación, he looked at me with concern
mirar una palabra en el diccionario, to look up a word in the dictionary
2 (examinar) to watch: miraba la película atentamente, she was watching the film carefully
míralo con atención, look at it carefully
3 (tener cuidado) mira bien con quién andas, be careful of the company you keep
II verbo intransitivo
1 (buscar) miraré en ese rincón, I'll have a look in that corner
2 (cuidar) to look after sb/sthg: mira por tus intereses, she is looking after your interests
3 (estar orientado) to face: la fachada mira al norte, the façade faces north ➣ Ver nota en ver
' mira' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
botija
- espanto
- hablar
- luego
- menear
- mirar
- tener
- venir
English:
be
- beauty
- bright
- eye
- fancy
- look
- look at
- side
- sight
- take
- watch
- about
- this
- what

* * *

mira nf

1. [en instrumento, arma] sight

Comp
mira telescópica telescopic sight
2. [intención, propósito] intention;

con miras a with a view to, with the intention of;

celebraron una reunión con miras a llegar a un acuerdo they held a meeting with a view to reaching an agreement;

se están preparando con miras a los Juegos Olímpicos they are training with a view to competing in the Olympic Games;

poner la mira o [m5] las miras en algo to set one's sights on sth;

Comp

ser amplio de miras to be enlightened;

Comp

ser corto de miras to be short-sighted

3. RP
miras [posibilidades] [m5] no hay ni miras de que podamos mudarnos antes del verano there's no chance whatsoever of us being able to move before the summer;

no tengo ni miras de que me aumenten el sueldo I haven't the slightest chance o prospect of getting a pay Br rise o US raise

* * *

mira

f

:

con miras a with a view to;

estar en el punto de mira de alguien be the focus of s.o.’s attention;

está en el punto de mira de los Lakers the Lakers have an eye on him

* * *

mira nf

1) : sight (of a firearm or instrument)

2) : aim, objective

con miras a: with the intention of, with a view to

de amplias miras: broad- minded

poner la mira en: to aim at, to aspire to

Spanish-English dictionary > mira
59 braquer

braquer [bʀake]

➭ TABLE 1

1. transitive verb

   a. ( = diriger) braquer une arme sur to point a weapon at

• braquer un télescope/un projecteur sur to train a telescope/a spotlight on

• braquer son attention sur to turn one's attention towards

• tous les regards étaient braqués sur eux all eyes were upon them

   b. [+ roue] to swing

   c. [+ banque, personne] (inf) to hold up ; ( = menacer avec une arme) (inf) to pull one's gun on

   d. ( = buter) braquer qn to make sb dig in his heels

• braquer qn contre qch to turn sb against sth

2. intransitive verb

( = conducteur) to turn the (steering) wheel

• braquer bien/mal [voiture] to have a good/bad lock

• braquer à fond to put on the full lock

• braque vers la or à gauche turn hard left

3. reflexive verb

► se braquer to dig one's heels in

• se braquer contre qch to set one's face against sth

* * *
bʀake
1.

verbe transitif

1) ( diriger) to point [arme, caméra] (sur, vers at); to train [télescope, projecteur] (sur, vers on); to turn ou fix [yeux] (sur, vers on)

tous les projecteurs sont braqués sur lui — fig he's in the spotlight, the spotlight is on him

tous les regards sont braqués sur vous — lit, fig all eyes are upon you

2) Automobile to turn [volant, roues] (à gauche/droite hard left/right)

3) (colloq) ( viser) to point a gun at

4) (colloq) ( attaquer) to rob [banque]

5) (colloq) ( buter)

braquer quelqu'un contre quelque chose/quelqu'un — to turn somebody against something/somebody

ne le braque pas — don't get his back up

il est braqué — he's dug his heels in

2.

verbe intransitif Automobile [chauffeur] to turn the wheel full lock GB ou all the way US; [véhicule]

bien/mal braquer — to have a good/poor lock GB, to turn well/badly

braque à gauche — turn (the wheel) sharply to the left

3.

se braquer verbe pronominal ( viser)

se braquer sur/vers — [arme, caméra] to be pointed at; [télescope, projecteur] to be trained on; [yeux] to be turned on; ( se buter) to dig one's heels in

se braquer contre quelqu'un — to turn against somebody

* * *
bʀake
1. vi

AUTOMOBILES to turn (the wheel)

2. vt

1) [revolver, arme]

braquer qch sur — to point sth at

braquer son arme sur qn — to point one's gun at sb

braquer son regard sur — to fix one's gaze on

2) (= mettre en colère)

braquer qn — to put sb's back up, to antagonize sb

3) * [banque] to hold up

* * *

braquer verb table: aimer

A vtr

1 ( diriger) to point [arme, caméra] (sur, vers at); to train [télescope, projecteur] (sur, vers on); to turn ou fix [yeux] (sur, vers on); les feux de l'actualité or tous les projecteurs sont braqués sur lui fig he's in the spotlight, the spotlight is on him; tous les regards sont braqués sur vous lit, fig all eyes are upon you;

2 Aut to turn [volant, roues] (à gauche/droite hard left/right);

3 ○( viser) to point a gun at; ( plus longtemps) to hold [sb] at gunpoint; je me suis fait braquer I was held at gunpoint;

4 ○( attaquer) to rob, to make an armed raid on [banque];

5 ○( buter) braquer qn contre qch/qn to turn sb against sth/sb; ne le braque pas don't get his back up; il est braqué he's got GB ou gotten US his back up.

B vi Aut [chauffeur] to turn the wheel full lock GB ou all the way US; [véhicule] bien/mal braquer to have a good/poor lock GB, to turn well/poorly US; braque à gauche/droite turn (the wheel) sharply to the left/right.

C se braquer vpr

1 ( viser) se braquer sur/vers [arme, caméra] to be pointed at; [télescope, projecteur] to be trained on; [yeux] to be turned on;

2 ( se concentrer) [personne, attention] to focus (sur on);

3 ○( se buter) to have one's back up; se braquer contre qn to turn against sb; se braquer contre qch to set one's face against sth.

[brake] verbe transitif

1. [pointer - fusil] to point, to aim, to level ; [ - projecteur, télescope] to train

braquer son revolver sur quelqu'un to level ou to point one's gun at somebody

2. [concentrer]

braquer sur to train ou to fix ou to turn on

son regard était braqué sur moi she was staring straight at me, her gaze was fixed on me

3. AUTOMOBILE & AÉRONAUTIQUE to lock

4. [rendre hostile] to antagonize

braquer quelqu'un contre to set somebody against

5. (familier) [attaquer - banque] to hold up (inseparable) ; [ - caissier] to hold at gunpoint

————————

[brake] verbe intransitif

[voiture] to lock

braquer à droite/gauche to lock hard to the right/left

braque à fond! wheel hard down!

————————

se braquer verbe pronominal intransitif

to dig one's heels in

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > braquer
60 παρά

παρά (Hom.+. On elision s. B-D-F §17; Rob. 208) prep. w. three cases (Kühner-G. §440; Schwyzer II 491–98; B-D-F §236–38; Rob. 612–16. Further lit. s.v. ἀνά, beg.; also HRau, De praepositionis παρά usu: GCurtius, Studien etc. III 1870).

A. W. gen., which nearly always as in Hom., Hdt., Pla., X. et al. denotes a pers., and indicates that someth. proceeds fr. this pers. (Hs 2:3 is an exception):

① marker of extension from the side of, from (the side of) w. local sense preserved, used w. verbs of coming, going, sending, originating, going out, etc. (TestAbr A 2 p. 78, 30 [Stone p. 4] παρὰ τοῦ μεγάλου βασιλέως ἀπεστάλην; Lucian, Demon. 13 ἀπιὼν παρʼ αὐτοῦ) ἐκπορεύεσθαι J 15:26b. ἐξέρχεσθαι 16:27; 17:8; Lk 2:1; 6:19. ἔρχεσθαι 8:49. παραγίνεσθαι Mk 14:43. πέμπειν τινὰ παρά τινος J 15:26a. πνεύματος ἁγίου … παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἀποσταλέντος εἰς αὐτήν (=Μαρίαν) AcPlCor 2:5. εἶναι παρά τινος be from someone (cp. Job 21:2, 9) J 6:46; 7:29; 9:16, 33; 17:7.

② marker of one who originates or directs, from (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 100 §420 παρὰ τ. θεῶν; TestJob 38:8 παρὰ θεοῦ) παρὰ κυρίου ἐγένετο αὕτη this was the Lord’s doing Mt 21:42; Mk 12:11 (both Ps 117:23). W. a double negative: οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει παρὰ τ. θεοῦ πᾶν ῥῆμα (s. ἀδυνατέω) Lk 1:37. τὰ λελαλημένα αὐτῇ παρὰ κυρίου what was said to her (by the angel) at the Lord’s command vs. 45. ἀπεσταλμένος παρὰ θεοῦ John the Baptist was not, like Jesus, sent out fr. the very presence of God, but one whose coming was brought about by God J 1:6 (cp. 2 Macc 11:17). παρʼ ἑαυτῆς φέρει καρπὸν καὶ παρὰ τῆς πτελέας it (i.e. the vine) bears fruit which comes both from itself and from the elm Hs 2:3. On 2 Pt 2:11 s. κρίσις 1bβ.

③ marker of the point fr. which an action originates, from

ⓐ after verbs

α. of asking, demanding αἰτεῖν and αἰτεῖσθαι (cp. X., An. 1, 3, 16, Hell. 3, 1, 4; SIG 785, 9f; PFay 121, 12ff; Tob 4:19 BA al.; LXX; TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 2 [Stone p. 22]; TestJob 20:2; ParJer 7:14; Jos., Ant. 15, 92) Mt 20:20 v.l. (for ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ); J 4:9; Ac 3:2; 9:2; Js 1:5; 1J 5:15 v.l. (for ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ); 1 Cl 36:4 (Ps 2:8); Hm 9:2, 4; Dg 1. ζητεῖν (Tob 4:18; Sir 7:4; cp. 1 Macc 7:13) Mk 8:11; Lk 11:16; 12:48.

β. of taking, accepting, receiving λαμβάνειν (class.; Appian, Mithrid. 88 §397; SIG 546 B, 23 [III B.C.]; Jdth 12:15; Sus 55 Theod.; 1 Macc 8:8; 11:34; 4 Macc 12:11; TestJob 11:5; JosAs 24:11; Just., A I, 39, 5 al.) Mk 12:2; Lk 6:34; J 5:34, 41, 44; 10:18; Ac 2:33; 3:5; 17:9; 20:24; 26:10 (Jos., Ant. 14, 167 λαβὼν ἐξουσίαν παρά σου [= τ. ἀρχιερέως]; 11, 169); Js 1:7; 2 Pt 1:17; 2J 4; Rv 2:28; Hs 1:8; 8, 3, 5; GJs 20, 2 codices. ἀπολαμβάνειν (SIG 150, 19f [restored text; IV B.C.]; 4 Macc 18:23) Hv 5:7. παραλαμβάνειν (Hdt. et al.; oft. ins; POxy 504, 14 al. in pap) Gal 1:12; 1 Th 2:13; 4:1; 2 Th 3:6. δέχεσθαι (Thu. 1, 20, 1 et al.; 1 Macc 15:20; TestJob 11:12; cp. διαδέχεσθαι Ath. 37, 1) Ac 22:5; Phil 4:18a. κομίζεσθαι (SIG 244 I, 5ff [IV B.C.]; Gen 38:20; 2 Macc 7:11; Ath. 12, 1) Eph 6:8. εὑρεῖν (SIG 537, 69; 1099, 28; cp. εὑρίσκω 3, end) 2 Ti 1:18. ἔχειν τι παρά τινος have received someth. fr. someone (1 Esdr 6:5) Ac 9:14; cp. Hv 3, 9, 8. γίνεταί μοί τι παρά τινος I receive someth. from someone (Att.) Mt 18:19. ἔσται μεθʼ ἡμῶν χάρις … παρὰ θεοῦ πατρὸς καὶ παρὰ Ἰησοῦ 2J 3 (cp. X., An. 7, 2, 25). οἱ πιστευθέντες παρὰ θεοῦ ἔργον those who were entrusted by God with a task 1 Cl 43:1 (cp. Polyb. 3, 69, 1; SIG 1207, 12f). παρὰ τοῦ κυρίου πλουτίζεσθαι receive one’s wealth fr. the Lord Hs 2:10.—Sim. in the case of a purchase the seller is introduced by παρά: buy fr. someone ἀγοράζειν (s. ἀγοράζω 1, end) Rv 3:18. ὠνεῖσθαι Ac 7:16. ἄρτον φαγεῖν παρά τινος receive support from someone 2 Th 3:8.

γ. of learning, coming to know, hearing, asking ἀκούειν (s. ἀκούω 1bβ and 3) J 1:40; 6:45; 7:51; 8:26, 40; 15:15; Ac 10:22; 28:22; 2 Ti 1:13; 2:2; AcPlCor 1:6; ἀκριβοῦν Mt 2:7, 16. ἐξακριβάζεσθαι Hm 4, 2, 3. ἐπιγινώσκειν Ac 24:8. μανθάνειν (since Aeschyl., Ag. 858; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 176; Sir 8:8f; 2 Macc 7:2 v.l.; 3 Macc 1:1; Just., A I, 23, 1 and D. 78, 1 al.; Ath. 7, 2; 22, 8) 2 Ti 3:14. πυνθάνεσθαι (Hdt. 3, 68; X., Cyr. 1, 6, 23; Pla., Rep. 5, 476e; SIG 1169, 30; 2 Ch 32:31) Mt 2:4; J 4:52 (without παρά v.l.); B 13:2 (Gen 25:22).

ⓑ w. adjectival function ὁ, ἡ, τὸ παρά τινος made, given, etc., by someone

α. w. a noun (funct. as a gen.: Pla., Symp. 197e ὁ παρά τινος λόγος ‘the expression made by someone’; X., Hell. 3, 1, 6 δῶρον παρὰ βασιλέως, Mem. 2, 2, 12 ἡ παρά τινος εὔνοια, Cyr. 5, 5, 13 τὸ παρʼ ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα ‘the crime committed by me’; Polyb. 3, 69, 3 ἡ παρʼ αὐτοῦ σωτηρία; Polyaenus 3, 9, 28 ἡ παρὰ στρατηγοῦ ἀρετή; SIG 543, 27; Ex 4:20; 14:13; Philo, Plant. 14; Jos., Ant. 12, 400; Just., A I, 32, 8 and D. 92, 1 al.; Ath. 7, 1) ἡ παρʼ ἐμοῦ διαθήκη Ro 11:27 (Is 59:21).—Ac 26:12 v.l.; 22 v.l.

β. w. subst. function

א. τὰ παρά τινος what someone gives, someone’s gifts (X., Mem. 3, 11, 13; Jos., Bell. 2, 124, Ant. 8, 175; Tat. 32, 1 τὰ παρὰ θεοῦ) Lk 10:7; Phil 4:18b. τὰ παρʼ αὐτῆς her property, what she had Mk 5:26 (cp. IPriene 111, 177). τὰ παρὰ ζώσης καὶ μενούσης (the help that I received) from a living, contemporary voice Papias (2:4).

ב. οἱ παρά τινος someone’s envoys (οἱ παρὰ βασιλέω πρέσβει X., Hell. 1, 3, 9; oft. in ins.: see, e.g., OGI 5, 50 from Ptolemy; the full expression οἱ παρʼ ὑμῶν πρεσβείς OGI 8 VI, 108–9; Schwyzer II 498; B-D-F §237, 2) οἱ παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως (1 Macc 2:15; 1 Esdr 1:15) 1 Cl 12:4.—The Koine also uses this expr. to denote others who are intimately connected w. someone, e.g. family, relatives (PGrenf II, 36, 9 [II B.C.]; POxy 805 [I B.C.]; 298, 37 [I A.D.]; CPR I, 179, 16; 187, 7; Sb 5238, 19 [I A.D.]; Sus 33; 1 Macc 13:52; Jos., Ant. 1, 193. Further exx. fr. pap in Mlt. 106f; Rossberg [s. ἀνά, beg.] 52) Mk 3:21 (s. CBruston/PFarel: RTQR 18, 1909, 82–93; AWabnitz, ibid. 221–25; SMonteil, ibid. 19, 1910, 317–25; JMoulton, Mk 3:21: ET 20, 1909, 476; GHartmann, Mk 3:20f: BZ 11, 1913, 248–79; FZorell, Zu Mk 3:20, 21: ZKT 37, 1913, 695–7; JBelser, Zu Mk 3:20f: TQ 98, 1916, 401–18; Rdm.² 141; 227.—S. also at ἐξίστημι 2a).

B. w. dat., the case that exhibits close association

① marker of nearness in space, at/by (the side of), beside, near, with, acc. to the standpoint fr. which the relationship is viewed

ⓐ near, beside

α. w. things (Synes., Ep. 126 p. 262a; Kaibel 703, 1; POxy 120, 23; 2 Km 10:8; 11:9; Jos., Ant. 1, 196) εἱστήκεισαν παρὰ τῷ σταυρῷ J 19:25. κεῖσθαι παρὰ τῷ πύργῳ Hv 3, 5, 5.

β. w. persons ἔστησεν αὐτὸ παρʼ ἑαυτῷ he had him (i.e. the child) stand by his side Lk 9:47.

ⓑ in (someone’s) house, city, company, etc. (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 5 al. παρὰ Λάβαν)

α. house: ἀριστᾶν Lk 11:37. καταλύειν 19:7 (Pla., Gorg. 447b; Demosth. 18, 82). μένειν (JosAs 20:8; Jos., Ant. 1, 298; 299) J 1:39; Ac 9:43; 18:3; 21:8. ξενίζεσθαι 10:6; 21:16 (ξενίζω 1). So prob. also ἕκαστος παρʼ ἑαυτῷ each one at home 1 Cor 16:2 (cp. Philo, Cher. 48 παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς, Leg. ad Gai. 271). ὸ̔ν ἀπέλιπον ἐν Τρῳάδι παρὰ Κάρπῳ 2 Ti 4:13.

β. city: Rv 2:13. So prob. also ἦσαν παρʼ ἡμῖν ἑπτὰ ἀδελφοί Mt 22:25.—J 4:40; Col 4:16 (where the congregation at Laodicea is contrasted w. the one at Col.).

γ. other uses: παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις among Judeans Mt 28:15. παρʼ αὐτοῖς ἐπιμεῖναι remain with them Ac 28:14; cp. 21:7. οἱ παρʼ ὑμῖν πρεσβύτεροι the elders among you 1 Cl 1:3.—παρὰ τῷ πατρί with (of spatial proximity) the Father Mt 6:1; J 8:38a; cp. 17:5 (Synes., Kingship 29 p. 31d: philosophy has her abode παρὰ τῷ θεῷ and if the world refuses to receive her when she descends to earth, μένει παρὰ τῷ πατρί). Of Jesus: παρʼ ὑμῖν μένων while I was with you (on earth) J 14:25. Of the Spirit: παρʼ ὑμῖν μένει vs. 17. Of the Father and Son in their relation to the faithful Christian: μονὴν παρʼ αὐτῷ ποιησόμεθα we will take up our abode with him vs. 23.

δ. fig. παρά τινι before someone’s judgment seat (Demosth. 18, 13 εἰς κρίσιν καθιστάναι παρά τινι; Appian, Maced. 11 §8 παρʼ ὑμῖν ἐς κρίσιν) 2 Pt 2:11 v.l. Closely related is

② marker of one whose viewpoint is relevant, in the sight or judgment of someone (Soph., Hdt.; PSI 435, 19 [258 B.C.] παρὰ τῷ βασιλεῖ) παρὰ τῷ θεῷ: δίκαιος παρὰ τῷ θεῷ righteous in the sight of God Ro 2:13 (cp. Job 9:2; Jos., Ant. 6, 205; Ath. 31, 2 εὐδοξοῦμεν … παρὰ τῷ θεῷ).—Cp. 1 Cor 3:19; Gal 3:11; 2 Th 1:6; Js 1:27; 1 Pt 2:4; 2 Pt 3:8. θυσία δεκτὴ παρὰ τῷ θεῷ Hs 5, 3, 8. ἔνδοξος παρὰ τῷ θεῷ m 2:6; Hs 5, 3, 3; 8, 10, 1; 9, 27, 3; 9, 28, 3; 9, 29, 3.—9, 7, 6.—Acc. to the judgment of humans (Jos., Ant. 7, 84; Just., A I, 20, 3) 8, 9, 1. τί ἄπιστον κρίνεται παρʼ ὑμῖν; Ac 26:8. ἵνα μὴ ἦτε παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς φρόνιμοι Ro 11:25; cp. 12:16 (s. Pr 3:7 μὴ ἴσθι φρόνιμος παρὰ σεαυτῷ).—‘In the judgment’ passes over into a simpler with (PsSol 9:5 παρὰ κυρίῳ; Jos. Himerius, Or. 8 [=23], 10 παρὰ θεοῖς=with the gods) εὑρεῖν χάριν παρά τινι find favor with someone (Ex 33:16; cp. Num 11:15) Lk 1:30; Hs 5, 2, 10. τοῦτο χάρις παρὰ θεῷ 1 Pt 2:20. χάριν ἔχειν (Ex 33:12) m 5, 1, 5. προέκοπτεν ἐν τῇ χάριτι παρὰ θεῷ καὶ ἀνθρώποις Lk 2:52. τί ταπεινοφροσύνη παρὰ θεῷ ἰσχύει, τί ἀγάπη ἁγνὴ παρά θεῷ δύναται how strong humility is before God, what pure love before God can do 1 Cl 21:8.

③ marker of personal reference, at the side of, with almost equivalent to the dat. as such (Ps 75:13): δυνατόν or ἀδύνατον παρά τινι possible or impossible for someone (Gen 18:14; Just., A I, 33, 2; Ath., R. 9 p. 58, 6) Mt 19:26ab; Mk 10:27abc; Lk 1:37 v.l.; 18:27ab; 1 Cl 27:2.—AFridrichsen, SymbOsl 14, ’35, 44–46. Closely related in mng. is

④ marker of connection of a quality or characteristic w. a pers., with (οὐκ) ἔστιν τι παρά τινι someth. is (not) with or in someone, someone has someth. (nothing) to do w. someth. (Demosth. 18, 277 εἰ ἔστι καὶ παρʼ ἐμοί τις ἐμπειρία; Gen 24:25; Job 12:13; Ps 129:4 παρὰ σοι ὁ ἱλασμός ἐστιν; Just., D. 82, 1 παρὰ … ἡμῖν … χαρίσματα) οὐκ ἔστιν προσωπολημψία παρὰ τ. θεῷ Ro 2:11 (TestJob 43, 13). Cp. 9:14; Eph 6:9; Js 1:17. Sim. Mt 8:10; 2 Cor 1:17.

⑤ marker of a relationship w. a narrow focus, among, before παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς among themselves (Philo, Cher. 48) διαλογίζεσθαι Mt 21:25 v.l. (cp. Demosth. 10, 17 γιγνώσκειν παρʼ αὑτῷ; Epict., Ench. 48, 2).—In ἐν τούτῳ μενέτω παρὰ θεῷ 1 Cor 7:24, the mng. of παρὰ θεῷ is not certain: let the pers. remain in that position (the same one in which he was when called to salvation) before God; it is prob. meant to remind Christians of the One before whom they cannot even have the appearance of inferiority (ins: Mitt-Wilck, I/2, 4, 4 [13 B.C.] παρὰ τῷ κυρίῳ Ἑρμῇ=‘before, in the sight of’; Sb 7616 [II A.D.] τὸ προσκύνημά σου ποιῶ παρὰ τῷ κυρίῳ Σαράπι=‘before the Lord’ S.; 7661, 3 [c. 100 A.D.]; 7932, 7992, 6 [letter II/III A.D.]). Or perh. it simply means that no matter what the situation may be, one is to be focused on God.

C. w. acc. of pers. or thing

① marker of a position viewed as extended (w. no difference whether παρά answers the question ‘where?’ or ‘whither?’ See B-D-F §236, 1; Rob. 615).

ⓐ by, along περιπατεῖν παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν (Pla., Gorg. 511e. Cp. SIG 1182; Jos., Ant. 2, 81) Mt 4:18; cp. Mk 1:16.

ⓑ at the edge or to the edge of

α. παρὰ (τὴν) θάλασσαν by the sea (or lake) , at the shore Mt 13:1; Mk 4:1; 5:21; Ac 10:6, 32; cp. Lk 5:1, 2. παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν by the side of the road (X., An. 1, 2, 13; Plut., Lysander 450 [29, 4] a tomb παρὰ τ. ὁδόν=beside the road) Mt 20:30; Mk 10:46; Lk 18:35 (but on the road is also poss. in these three places; s. d below).

β. παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν to (the side of) the sea (lake) Mt 15:29; Mk 2:13. παρὰ ποταμόν to the river Ac 16:13.

ⓒ gener. near, at παρὰ τοὺς πόδας τινός at someone’s feet (sit, fall, place etc.; TestAbr A 17 p. 98, 16 [Stone p. 44]) Mt 15:30; Lk 7:38; 8:35, 41; 10:39 v.l.; 17:16; Ac 4:35, 37 v.l.; 5:2; 7:58; 22:3 (s. ET 30, 1919, 39f). παρὰ τὸν πὺργον beside the tower Hs 9, 4, 8; 9, 6, 5; 8; 9, 7, 1; 9, 11, 6.—παρὰ τὴν ἰτέαν 8, 1, 2 (cp. TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 10 [Stone p. 14] παρὰ τὴν δρῦν τὴν Μαμβρῆ).

ⓓ on παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν on the road (w. motion implied; Aesop, Fab. 226 P.=420 H.: πεσὼν παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν; Phot., Bibl. 94 p. 74b on Iambl. Erot. [Hercher I p. 222, 22] πίπτουσι παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν) Mt 13:4, 19; Mk 4:4; Lk 8:5; on the road (w. no motion implied; Theophr., HP 6, 6, 10: the crocus likes to be trodden under foot, διὸ καὶ παρὰ τὰς ὁδοὺς κάλλιστος; Phot. p. 222, 29 H. [s. above]) Mk 4:15; Lk 8:12. Perh. also Mt 20:30; Mk 10:46; Lk 18:35 (s. bα above).—παρὰ τὸ χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης on the seashore Hb 11:12 (TestAbr A 1 p. 78, 1 [Stone p. 4]; ApcEsdr 3:10; ApcSed 8:9).

② marker of extension in time, during, from … to (Lucian, Catapl. 24 παρὰ τ. βίον=during his life; POxy 472, 10; TestAbr A 20 p. 102, 26 [Stone p. 52] παρὰ μίαν ὥραν; Tat. 14, 2 παρʼ ὸ̔ν ἔζων χρόνον) παρʼ ἐνιαυτόν from year to year (Plut., Cleom. 15, 1; cp. ἐνιαυτός 1) B 10:7.

③ marker of comparative advantage, in comparison to, more than, beyond ἁμαρτωλοί, ὀφειλέται π. πάντας Lk 13:2, 4 (PSI 317, 6 [95 A.D.] παρὰ πάντας; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 234 παρὰ τ. ἄλλους ἅπαντας; JosAs 10:6 παρὰ πάσας τὰς παρθένους; Just., A I, 20, 3 παρὰ πάντας ἀδίκως μισούμεθα). κρίνειν ἡμέραν παρʼ ἡμέραν (s. κρίνω 1) Ro 14:5. π. πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν B 11:9 (prophetic quot. of unknown orig.). π. πάντα τὰ πνεύματα more than all other spirits Hm 10, 1, 2. ἐλαττοῦν τινα π. τινα make someone inferior to someone Hb 2:7, 9 (s. ἐλαττόω 1 and cp. PGrenf I, 42, 12 [II B.C.] ἐλαττουμένων ἡμῶν παρὰ τοὺς δεῖνα). εἶδος ἐκλεῖπον π. τὸ εἶδος τῶν ἀνθρώπων (s. ἐκλείπω 4) 1 Cl 16:3.—After a comp. (Thu. 1, 23, 3; ApcEsdr 1:22; Tat. 2, 2) Lk 3:13; Hb 1:4; 3:3; 9:23; 11:4; 12:24; B 4:5 (cp. Da 7:7); Hv 3, 12, 1; Hs 9, 18, 2.—When a comparison is made, one member of it may receive so little attention as to pass fr. consideration entirely, so that ‘more than’ becomes instead of, rather than, to the exclusion of (Plut., Mor. 984c; PsSol 9:9; EpArist 134; Just., A I, 22, 2) λατρεύειν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν κτίσαντα serve the creation rather than the Creator Ro 1:25 (cp. EpArist 139: the Jews worship τὸν μόνον θεὸν παρʼ ὅλην τὴν κτίσιν). δεδικαιωμένος παρʼ ἐκεῖνον justified rather than the other Lk 18:14. ἔχρισέν σε … παρὰ τοὺς μετόχους (God) has anointed you and not your comrades Hb 1:9 (Ps 44:8). ὑπερφρονεῖν παρʼ ὸ̔ δεῖ φρονεῖν Ro 12:3 (Plut., Mor. 83f παρʼ ὸ̔ δεῖ). παρὰ καιρὸν ἡλικίας Hb 11:11 (Plut., Rom. 25, 6 παρʼ ἡλικίαν; cp. ἡλικία 2a).—παρὰ δύναμιν beyond their means (s. δύναμις 2) 2 Cor 8:3.—After ἄλλος (Pla., Lach. 178b, Leg. 3, 693b; X., Hell. 1, 5, 5; Demosth. 18, 235) another than 1 Cor 3:11.

④ marker of degree that falls slightly short in comparison, except for, almost παρὰ μικρόν except for a little, almost (s. μικρός 1eγ) Hs 8, 1, 14. Likew. παρά τι (cp. Vett. Val. 228, 6) Lk 5:7 D; Hs 9, 19, 3.

⑤ marker of causality, because of (cp. Pind., O. 2, 65 κενεὰν παρὰ δίαιταν ‘in the interest of’ or ‘for the sake of a scanty livelihood’, the scantiness here contrasting with the immense labor involved; Demosth. 4, 11; 9, 2; PRyl 243, 6; POxy 1420, 7) παρὰ τό w. acc. foll. because (SIG 495, 130; UPZ 7, 13 [163 B.C.] παρὰ τὸ Ἕλληνά με εἶναι.—Mayser II/1, 1926, 331; Gen 29:20; Ex 14:11) 1 Cl 39:5f (Job 4:20f). π. τοῦτο because of this (Kühner-G. I 513, 3; Synes., Ep. 44 p. 185a; 57 p. 192d) ITr 5:2; IRo 5:1 (quot. fr. 1 Cor 4:4, where Paul has ἐν τούτῳ). οὐ παρὰ τοῦτο οὐ (double neg. as a strengthened affirmative) not for that reason any the less 1 Cor 12:15f.

⑥ marker of that which does not correspond to what is expected, against, contrary to (Hom., Alc. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; Just., Tat., Ath.—Schwyzer II 497) π. τὴν διδαχήν Ro 16:17. παρʼ ἐλπίδα against hope (s. ἐλπίς 1a) in wordplay w. ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι 4:18. παρὰ φύσιν (Thu. 6, 17, 1; Pla., Rep. 5, 466d; Tat. 22, 2; Ath. 26, 2, R. 6 p. 54, 13) 1:26; 11:24. παρὰ τὸν νόμον (Just., A II, 2, 4; Ath. 1, 3; cp. X., Mem. 1, 1, 18 παρὰ τοὺς νόμους; PMagd 16, 5 [222 B.C.] παρὰ τοὺς νόμους; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 233; Just., A I, 68, 10) Ac 18:13. παρʼ ὅ contrary to that which Gal 1:8f (Just., A I, 43, 8).

⑦ marker of something that is less, less (Hdt. 9, 33; Plut., Caesar 722 [30, 5]; Jos., Ant. 4, 176; POxy 264, 4 [I A.D.]) τεσσεράκοντα παρὰ μίαν forty less one=thirty-nine (i.e. lashes) 2 Cor 11:24 (cp. Makkoth 3, 10 [tr. HDanby, The Mishnah ’33, 407]).—On παρʼ αὐτά ITr 11:1 s. παραυτά.—DELG. M-M. TW.

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