root+post

ipse ( ipsus, Cato, R. R. 70; 71; Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 43; id. Trin. 2, 2, 40; 3, 1, 10 et saep.; Ter. And. 3, 2, 15; id. Eun. 3, 4, 8, id. Hec. 3, 5, 5; Jusjur. Milit. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4 al.), a, um (ipsud, Gloss. Philox.); gen. ipsīus ( poet. also ipsĭus, Cat. 64, 43; Verg. A. 1, 114; 2, 772 al.; and dissyl. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 15; id. Phorm. 4, 5, 13: ipsi, Afran. ap. Prisc. 694); dat. ipsi (ipso, App. M. 10, p. 243, 24); pron. demonstr. [is - pse for pte; cf. sua-pte and -pote in ut-pote; root in potis; Sanscr. patis, lord, master; hence, = he, the master, himself, etc.; cf. Pott. Etym. Forsch. 2, 866 sq.; Fick, Vergl. Wörterb. p. 116. Hence, in the original form, the pronoun is was declined, while the suffix was unchanged; thus eopte = eo ipso, Paul. ex Fest. p. 110:

eapse = ea ipsa,

id. p. 77; nom. sing. eapse, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 4; id. Cist. 1, 2, 17; id. Rud. 2, 3, 80; 2, 5, 21 al.; acc. eumpse, Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 32:

eampse,

Plaut. Aul. 5, 7; id. Cist. 1, 3, 22; id. Men. 5, 2, 22 al.; abl. eopse, Plaut. Curc, 4, 3, 6:

eāpse,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 132; id. Curc. 4, 3, 2; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 197 sq.], = autos, self, in person, he (emphatic), himself, herself, itself, used both substantively and adjectively, to denote that person (thing) of which something is eminently or exclusively predicated.

In gen.

With substt. or pronn.

Expressing eminence or distinction:

ipse ille Gorgias... in illo ipso Platonis libro,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 129:

ille ipse Marcellus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:

natura ipsa,

id. Brut. 29, 112:

dicet pro me ipsa virtus,

id. Fin. 2, 20, 65:

ipsa res publica,

id. Fam. 3, 11, 3:

neque enim ipse Caesar est alienus a nobis,

id. ib. 6, 10, 2:

ipse Moeris,

Verg. E. 8, 96:

rex ipse Aeneas,

id. A. 1, 575:

ipse aries,

id. E. 3, 95:

ductores ipsi,

id. A. 1, 189:

si in ipsa arce habitarem,

Liv. 2, 7, 10;

esp. freq. with names of gods, etc.: naturas quas Juppiter ipse Addidit,

Verg. G. 4, 149; id. A. 3, 222; Hor. C. 1, 16, 12:

Pater ipse,

Verg. G. 1, 121; Tib. 1, 4, 23:

Venus ipsa,

Hor. C. 2, 8, 13; Ov. H. 19, 159:

ipse pater Pluton,

Verg. A. 7, 327 et saep.—Prov.:

audentes deus ipse juvat,

Ov. M. 10, 586.—

For emphasis or in contrast, very, just, precisely, self, in person:

adest optime ipse frater,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66:

in orationibus hisce ipsis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 16, 73:

ea ipsa hora,

id. Fam. 7, 23, 4:

nec carmina nobis Ipsa placent: ipsae rursus concedite silvae,

Verg. E. 10, 63:

tute ipse his rebus finem praescripsti,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 124:

lepide ipsi hi sunt capti,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 91:

ego enim ipse cum eodem isto non invitus erraverim,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

ipse ille divinationis auctor,

id. Div. 2, 28, 61:

cariorem esse patriam quam nosmet ipsos,

id. Fin. 3, 19, 64:

eaque ipsa causa belli fuit,

the very, the true cause, Liv. 1, 57, 1; esp. with is, in all persons and numbers:

estne hic Philto? Is hercle'st ipsus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 31:

cui tutor is fuerat ipse,

Liv. 5, 33, 3:

jam id ipsum absurdum, maximum malum neglegi,

even, Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93 (Madv.); id. de Or. 2, 30, 132:

tempus ad id ipsum congruere,

Liv. 1, 5, 5:

duum vir ad id ipsum creatus,

id. 2, 42, 5:

Tullius et eos ipsos et per eos multitudinem aliam deduxit,

id. 2, 38, 1:

eorum ipsorum facta (opp. loca in quibus, etc.),

Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2:

nec vero clarorum virorum post mortem honores permanerent, si nihil eorum ipsorum animi efficerent,

id. de Sen. 22, 80:

ad eum ipsum honorem deferre,

Liv. 3, 51, 3; so sometimes with an inf. or subst.-clause:

ipsum dicere ineptum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 112:

quid juvat quod ante initum tribunatum veni, si ipsum, quod veni, nihil juvat?

the mere fact, the fact alone, id. Att. 11, 9, 1:

ipsum, quod habuisti,

Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 12, 2:

et ipsum, quod sum victus, ama,

Luc. 8, 78.— Esp. in legal phrase: ipso jure, by the letter of the law, in legal strictness or precision, Gai Inst. 2, 198; 3, 181; 4, 106 sqq. et saep.—

Alone, emphatically taking the place of an omitted person. or demonstr. pron.: Ar. Ubi is nunc est? He. Ubi ego minume atque ipsus se volt maxume, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 1, 10: Su. Is ipsusne's? Ch. Aio: Su. Ipsus es? id. Trin. 4, 2, 146:

atque ipsis, ad quorum commodum pertinebat, durior inventus est Coelius,

Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

quaeram ex ipsā,

Cic. Cael. 14:

tempus, quo ipse eos sustulisset, ad id ipsum congruere,

Liv. 1, 5, 5:

agrum dare immunem ipsi, qui accepisset, liberisque,

id. 21, 45, 5; 9, 34, 18; 10, [p. 999] 6, 10:

laeta et ipsis qui rem gessere expugnatio fuit,

id. 28, 4, 1:

a nobis exposita, ut ab ipsis, qui eam disciplinam probant,

Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 13.—So freq. in Cic. before a rel.:

ut de ipso, qui judicarit, judicium fieri videretur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 44, 82:

ipsi omnia, quorum negotium est, ad nos deferunt,

id. de Or. 1, 58, 250; 2, 14, 60; id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 13; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

nullis definitionibus utuntur, ipsique dicunt ea se modo probare, quibus natura tacita assentiatur,

Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40 Madv. —

To make prominent one of two or more subjects of any predicate, he ( she, il), for his part, he too, also, as well.

Ipse alone:

litterae Metello Capuam adlatae sunt a Clodia, quae ipsa transiit,

i. e. also, in person, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3:

Italiam ornare quam domum suam maluit: quamquam Italia ornata domus ipsa mihi videtur ornatior,

id. Off. 2, 22, 76:

tris ipse excitavit recitatores,

he too, id. Clu. 51, 141:

neque tanti timoris sum ut ipse deficiam,

Caes. B. C. 2, 31, 8:

Jugurtha, tametsi regem ficta locutum intellegebat, et ipse longe aliter animo agitabat,

Sall. J. 11, 1:

hoc Rhipeus, hoc ipse Dymas omnisque juventus Laeta facit,

Verg. A. 2, 394.—

With conjunctions.

With etiam (class.):

ipse etiam Fufidius in numero fuit,

Cic. Brut. 29, 112: scribebat orationes quas alii dicerent: quamquam is etiam ipse scripsit eas, quibus pro se est usus, sed non sine Aelio;

his enim scriptis etiam ipse interfui,

id. ib. 56, 206 sq. —

With quoque:

quippe quia plebs senatus consultum solvit, ipsi quoque solutum vultis,

Liv. 3, 21, 4:

consul, quia collegae decretum triumphum audivit, ipse quoque triumphi flagitator Romam rediit,

id. 8, 12, 9:

cum subito Sulpicius et Albinovanus objecissent catervas, ipse quoque (Sulla) jaculatus, etc.,

Flor. 3, 21, 7.—

With et (et ipse = kai autos, ipse etiam; rare in Cic.; cf.

Zumpt, Gram. § 698): tamen et ipsi tuae familiae genere et nomine continebuntur,

Cic. Caecin. 20, 58:

deseret eos quos una scis esse, cum habeat praesertim et ipse cohortis triginta?

id. Att. 8, 7, 1; id. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

Cornelius dictatorem Aemilium dixit, et ipse ab eo magister equitum est dictus,

Liv. 4, 31, 5:

credo ego vos, socii, et ipsos cernere,

id. 21, 21, 3:

Cornelio minus copiarum datum, quia L. Manlius praetor et ipse cum praesidio in Galliam mittebatur,

id. 21, 17, 7:

qui et ipse crus fregerat,

Suet. Aug. 43:

Antoninus Commodus nihil paternum habuit, nisi quod contra Germanos feliciter et ipse pugnavit,

Eutr. 8, 7:

virtutes et ipsae taedium pariunt,

Quint. 9, 4, 43. —

With nec ( = ne ipse quidem):

primis repulsis Maharbal cum majore robore virorum missus nec ipse eruptionem cohortium sustinuit,

Liv. 23, 18, 4:

nihil moveri viderunt, nec ipsi quicquam mutarunt,

id. 37, 20, 8:

neque ipsi,

id. 30, 42, 7: crimina non quidem nec ipsa mediocria;

sed quid ista sunt prae iis, etc.,

id. 34, 32, 9.

Esp.

By way of eminence, ipse is used to indicate the chief person, host, master, teacher, etc.:

ipsa, the mistress, etc.: ipsus tristis,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 23:

ipsum praesto video,

id. ib. 2, 5, 3:

ego eo quo me ipsa misit,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 2, 10:

suam norat ipsam tam bene, quam puella matrem,

Cat. 3, 7 (Müll., ipsa); cf.:

Pythagorei respondere solebant, ipse dixit,

i. e. Pythagoras, Cic. N. D. 1, 5, 10; cf.:

nec hoc oratori contingere inter adversarios quod Pythagorae inter discipulos potest ipse dixit,

Quint. 11, 1, 27:

cum veniat lectica Mathonis plena ipso,

the great man, Juv. 1, 33:

anseris ante ipsum jecur,

before the host, id. 5, 114.—

Of or by one ' s self, of one ' s own accord = suā sponte, ultro:

videar non ipse promisisse (opp. to fortuito),

Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 111:

de manibus delapsa arma ipsa ceciderunt,

id. Off. 1, 22, 77:

valvae clausae se ipsae aperuerunt,

id. Div. 1, 37, 74:

ipsae lacte domum referent distenta capellae Ubera,

Verg. E. 4, 21:

ipsi potum venient juvenci,

id. ib. 7, 11; cf.:

aliae ipsae Sponte sua veniunt,

id. G. 2, 10:

fruges sponte sua (tellus) primum ipsa creavit,

Lucr. 2, 11, 58; and autai for automatoi, Theocr. Idyll. 11, 12.—

Himself exclusively.

By or in one ' s self, alone:

haec ipse suo tristi cum corde volutat,

Verg. A. 6, 185:

his actis, aliud genitor secum ipse volutat,

id. ib. 12, 843: tempus secum ipsa Exigit, id. ib. 4, 475:

quam facile exercitu soclos conservaturus sit, qui ipso nomine ac rumore defenderit,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 45:

multa secum ipse volvens,

Sall. C. 32, 1:

aestimando ipse secum,

Liv. 25, 23, 11.—

In one ' s self, for one ' s own sake:

ipsam aequitatem et jus ipsum amare,

Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48.—

Of one ' s self, of one ' s own nature, etc.:

erat ipse immani acerbāque naturā Oppianicus,

Cic. Clu. 15, 44:

duo imperatores, ipsi pares, ceterum opibus disparibus,

Sall. J. 52, 1:

natura serpentium, ipsa perniciosa, siti accenditur,

id. ib. 89, 5.—

With advv. of time.

Nunc ipsum, just now, at this very time:

nunc ipsum exurit,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 16:

nunc ipsum non dubitabo rem tantam adicere,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 2; 8, 9, 2:

nunc tamen ipsum sine te esse non possum,

id. ib. 12, 16. —

Tum ipsum, just then, at that very time:

id, quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,

Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 124:

ratio largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum ad facultates accommodanda est,

id. Off. 2, 17, 60:

et tum ipsum, cum immolare velis, extorum fieri mutatio potest,

id. Div. 1, 52, 118; cf. id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv.—

With numerals, just, exactly, precisely (opp. fere):

triginta dies erant ipsi, cum, etc.,

Cic. Att. 3, 21 init.:

ipsas undecim esse legiones,

id. Fam. 6, 18, 2:

nam cum dixisset minus 1000 (sc. milia), populus cum risu acclamavit, ipsa esse,

id. Caecin. 10, 28; cf. id. Brut. 15, 61; 43, 162:

ipso vigesimo anno,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 9, § 25. —

In reflexive uses,

Ipse strengthens the subject when opposed in thought to other agents; the object, when opposed to other objects; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 696; Kennedy, Gram. § 67, 3; Madv. Gram. § 487, 6. — Hence,

With subject.

In gen.:

non egeo medicina (i. e. ut alii me consolentur), me ipse consolor,

Cic. Lael. 3, 10:

Junius necem sibi ipse conscivit,

id. N. D. 2, 3, 7:

neque potest exercitum is continere imperator, qui se ipse non continet,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 38:

Artaxerxes se ipse reprehendit,

Nep. Dat. 5:

ipsa se virtus satis ostendit,

Sall. J. 85; cf.:

deponendo tutelam ipse in se unum omnium vires convertit,

Liv. 24, 4, 9:

deforme etiam est de se ipsum praedicare,

Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137.—

With special emphasis, ipse is joined to the subject to indicate its relation to itself as both subject and object, though the antithesis would suggest another case (Cic.):

cum iste sic erat humilis atque demissus, ut non modo populo Romano, sed etiam sibi ipse condemnatus videretur,

Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17:

si quis ipse sibi inimicus est,

id. Fin. 5, 10, 28:

qui ipsi sibi bellum indixissent,

id. ib. 5, 10, 29:

quoniam se ipsi omnes natura diligant,

id. ib. 3, 18, 59:

nam si ex scriptis cognosci ipsi suis potuissent,

id. de Or. 2, 2, 8.—

With object:

neque vero ipsam amicitiam tueri (possumus), nisi aeque amicos et nosmet ipsos diligamus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 67:

omne animal se ipsum diligit,

id. ib. 5, 9, 24:

fac ut diligentissime te ipsum custodias,

id. Fam. 9, 14, 8:

Pompeianus miles fratrem suum, dein se ipsum interfecit,

Tac. H. 3, 51:

Lentulum, quem mihi ipsi antepono,

Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 5.—

Ipse defines the subject of a reflexive pronoun:

natura movet infantem, sed tantum ut se ipse diligat (where ipse shows that se refers to infantem),

Cic. Fin. 2, 10, 33: proinde consulant sibi ipsi;

jubeant abire se,

Just. 16, 4, 15:

neque prius vim adhibendam putaverunt, quam se ipse indicasset,

Nep. Paus. 4:

in portis murisque sibimet ipsos tecta coëgerat aedificare,

Liv. 27, 3, 2 (cf. 1. a. supra).—

Ipse stands for the reflexive pronoun,

Where the person or thing referred to is to be emphatically distinguished from others (class.):

cum omnes se expetendos putent, nec id ob aliam rem, sed propter ipsos, necesse est ejus etiam partes propter se expeti, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 46:

quis umquam consul senatum ipsius decretis parere prohibuit?

id. Sest. 14, 32:

quos, quidquid ipsis expediat, facturos arbitrabimur,

id. Fin. 2, 35, 117:

qui negant se recusare, quo minus, ipsis mortuis, terrarum deflagratio consequatur,

id. ib. 3, 19, 64:

nec quid ipsius natura sit intellegit,

id. ib. 5, 9, 24.—

In a subordinate clause, to point out either the subject of the principal clause, or the chief agent or speaker;

esp. where se or sibi is already applied to the subject of the subordinate clause: ne ob eam rem aut suae magnopere virtuti tribueret aut ipsos despiceret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 5:

legatos ad consulem mittit, qui tantum modo ipsi liberisque vitam peterent,

Sall. J. 16, 2; cf.:

ipsis mortuis,

Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64:

supra nihil, quantum in ipso est, praetermittere quo minus, etc.,

id. Leg. 1, 21, 56:

ipsius,

id. ib. 2, 22, 55:

nihil umquam audivi... nihil de re publica gravius, nihil de ipso modestius, i. e. de ipso dicente,

id. Balb. 1, 2: id quod ipsum adjuvat (i. e. dicentem;

opp. id quod adversario prodest),

id. Inv. 1, 21, 30.—

In gen., for an emphatic se or sibi (mostly post-Aug.; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40):

nam ipsis certum esse, etc.,

Liv. 35, 46, 13:

pravitas consulum discordiaque inter ipsos,

id. 4, 26, 6:

inexperta remedia haud injuria ipsis esse suspecta,

Curt. 3, 5, 15:

Graecis nuntiare jubet, ipsum quidem gratias agere, etc.,

id. 3, 8, 7:

dixit, ab illo deo ipsos genus ducere,

id. 4, 2, 3:

a quibus nec acceperunt injuriam nec accepisse ipsos existimant, Sen. de Ira, 2, 5, 1: intemperantiam in morbo suam experti parere ipsis vetant,

id. ib. 3, 13, 5:

sciunt ipsos omnia habere communia,

id. Ep. 6, 3; 22, 10 et saep.; cf.:

verum est etiam iis, qui aliquando futuri sint, esse propter ipsos consulendum,

Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64.—

Ipse stands in free constr. with abl. absol. as with finite verb (cf. also quisque;

only freq. in Liv. and post-Aug. writers): cum dies venit, causa ipse pro se dicta, quindecim milibus aeris damnatur,

Liv. 4, 44, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.:

Romani imperatores, junctis et ipsi exercitibus... ad sedem hostium pervenere,

id. 29, 2, 2:

C. Popilius, dimissis et ipse Atticis navibus... pergit,

id. 45, 10, 2; cf.:

Catilina et Autronius parabant consules interficere, ipsi fascibus conreptis Pisonem cum exercitu mittere,

Sall. C. 18, 5:

amisso et ipse Pacoro,

Tac. G. 37; cf. also the emphatic use of ipse (like quisque) with abl. of gerund (freq. in Liv.):

adsentando indignandoque et ipse,

Liv. 40, 23, 1:

cogendo ipse,

id. 39, 49, 3:

agendo ipse,

id. 41, 24, 2:

aestimando ipse secum,

id. 25, 23, 11 et saep.

Am. prol. 102:

ipsimet nobis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 3:

ipsemet profugiam,

Sen. Ep. 117, 21; also Front. Aq. 74 ex conj.— Sup.: Com. Ergo ipsusne es? Charm. Ipsissumus, his own very self, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 146; cf. Gr. autotatos, Aristoph. Plut. 83; so,

ipsimus and ipsima, for dominus and domina (cf II. A. supra),

Petr. 75, 11; and:

ipsimi nostri,

id. 63, 3 Büch. ex conj.

ipse ( ipsus, Cato, R. R. 70; 71; Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 43; id. Trin. 2, 2, 40; 3, 1, 10 et saep.; Ter. And. 3, 2, 15; id. Eun. 3, 4, 8, id. Hec. 3, 5, 5; Jusjur. Milit. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4 al.), a, um (ipsud, Gloss. Philox.); gen. ipsīus ( poet. also ipsĭus, Cat. 64, 43; Verg. A. 1, 114; 2, 772 al.; and dissyl. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 15; id. Phorm. 4, 5, 13: ipsi, Afran. ap. Prisc. 694); dat. ipsi (ipso, App. M. 10, p. 243, 24); pron. demonstr. [is - pse for pte; cf. sua-pte and -pote in ut-pote; root in potis; Sanscr. patis, lord, master; hence, = he, the master, himself, etc.; cf. Pott. Etym. Forsch. 2, 866 sq.; Fick, Vergl. Wörterb. p. 116. Hence, in the original form, the pronoun is was declined, while the suffix was unchanged; thus eopte = eo ipso, Paul. ex Fest. p. 110:

eapse = ea ipsa,

id. p. 77; nom. sing. eapse, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 4; id. Cist. 1, 2, 17; id. Rud. 2, 3, 80; 2, 5, 21 al.; acc. eumpse, Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 32:

eampse,

Plaut. Aul. 5, 7; id. Cist. 1, 3, 22; id. Men. 5, 2, 22 al.; abl. eopse, Plaut. Curc, 4, 3, 6:

eāpse,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 132; id. Curc. 4, 3, 2; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 197 sq.], = autos, self, in person, he (emphatic), himself, herself, itself, used both substantively and adjectively, to denote that person (thing) of which something is eminently or exclusively predicated.

In gen.

With substt. or pronn.

Expressing eminence or distinction:

ipse ille Gorgias... in illo ipso Platonis libro,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 129:

ille ipse Marcellus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:

natura ipsa,

id. Brut. 29, 112:

dicet pro me ipsa virtus,

id. Fin. 2, 20, 65:

ipsa res publica,

id. Fam. 3, 11, 3:

neque enim ipse Caesar est alienus a nobis,

id. ib. 6, 10, 2:

ipse Moeris,

Verg. E. 8, 96:

rex ipse Aeneas,

id. A. 1, 575:

ipse aries,

id. E. 3, 95:

ductores ipsi,

id. A. 1, 189:

si in ipsa arce habitarem,

Liv. 2, 7, 10;

esp. freq. with names of gods, etc.: naturas quas Juppiter ipse Addidit,

Verg. G. 4, 149; id. A. 3, 222; Hor. C. 1, 16, 12:

Pater ipse,

Verg. G. 1, 121; Tib. 1, 4, 23:

Venus ipsa,

Hor. C. 2, 8, 13; Ov. H. 19, 159:

ipse pater Pluton,

Verg. A. 7, 327 et saep.—Prov.:

audentes deus ipse juvat,

Ov. M. 10, 586.—

For emphasis or in contrast, very, just, precisely, self, in person:

adest optime ipse frater,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66:

in orationibus hisce ipsis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 16, 73:

ea ipsa hora,

id. Fam. 7, 23, 4:

nec carmina nobis Ipsa placent: ipsae rursus concedite silvae,

Verg. E. 10, 63:

tute ipse his rebus finem praescripsti,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 124:

lepide ipsi hi sunt capti,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 91:

ego enim ipse cum eodem isto non invitus erraverim,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

ipse ille divinationis auctor,

id. Div. 2, 28, 61:

cariorem esse patriam quam nosmet ipsos,

id. Fin. 3, 19, 64:

eaque ipsa causa belli fuit,

the very, the true cause, Liv. 1, 57, 1; esp. with is, in all persons and numbers:

estne hic Philto? Is hercle'st ipsus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 31:

cui tutor is fuerat ipse,

Liv. 5, 33, 3:

jam id ipsum absurdum, maximum malum neglegi,

even, Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93 (Madv.); id. de Or. 2, 30, 132:

tempus ad id ipsum congruere,

Liv. 1, 5, 5:

duum vir ad id ipsum creatus,

id. 2, 42, 5:

Tullius et eos ipsos et per eos multitudinem aliam deduxit,

id. 2, 38, 1:

eorum ipsorum facta (opp. loca in quibus, etc.),

Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2:

nec vero clarorum virorum post mortem honores permanerent, si nihil eorum ipsorum animi efficerent,

id. de Sen. 22, 80:

ad eum ipsum honorem deferre,

Liv. 3, 51, 3; so sometimes with an inf. or subst.-clause:

ipsum dicere ineptum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 112:

quid juvat quod ante initum tribunatum veni, si ipsum, quod veni, nihil juvat?

the mere fact, the fact alone, id. Att. 11, 9, 1:

ipsum, quod habuisti,

Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 12, 2:

et ipsum, quod sum victus, ama,

Luc. 8, 78.— Esp. in legal phrase: ipso jure, by the letter of the law, in legal strictness or precision, Gai Inst. 2, 198; 3, 181; 4, 106 sqq. et saep.—

Alone, emphatically taking the place of an omitted person. or demonstr. pron.: Ar. Ubi is nunc est? He. Ubi ego minume atque ipsus se volt maxume, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 1, 10: Su. Is ipsusne's? Ch. Aio: Su. Ipsus es? id. Trin. 4, 2, 146:

atque ipsis, ad quorum commodum pertinebat, durior inventus est Coelius,

Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

quaeram ex ipsā,

Cic. Cael. 14:

tempus, quo ipse eos sustulisset, ad id ipsum congruere,

Liv. 1, 5, 5:

agrum dare immunem ipsi, qui accepisset, liberisque,

id. 21, 45, 5; 9, 34, 18; 10, [p. 999] 6, 10:

laeta et ipsis qui rem gessere expugnatio fuit,

id. 28, 4, 1:

a nobis exposita, ut ab ipsis, qui eam disciplinam probant,

Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 13.—So freq. in Cic. before a rel.:

ut de ipso, qui judicarit, judicium fieri videretur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 44, 82:

ipsi omnia, quorum negotium est, ad nos deferunt,

id. de Or. 1, 58, 250; 2, 14, 60; id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 13; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

nullis definitionibus utuntur, ipsique dicunt ea se modo probare, quibus natura tacita assentiatur,

Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40 Madv. —

To make prominent one of two or more subjects of any predicate, he ( she, il), for his part, he too, also, as well.

Ipse alone:

litterae Metello Capuam adlatae sunt a Clodia, quae ipsa transiit,

i. e. also, in person, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3:

Italiam ornare quam domum suam maluit: quamquam Italia ornata domus ipsa mihi videtur ornatior,

id. Off. 2, 22, 76:

tris ipse excitavit recitatores,

he too, id. Clu. 51, 141:

neque tanti timoris sum ut ipse deficiam,

Caes. B. C. 2, 31, 8:

Jugurtha, tametsi regem ficta locutum intellegebat, et ipse longe aliter animo agitabat,

Sall. J. 11, 1:

hoc Rhipeus, hoc ipse Dymas omnisque juventus Laeta facit,

Verg. A. 2, 394.—

With conjunctions.

With etiam (class.):

ipse etiam Fufidius in numero fuit,

Cic. Brut. 29, 112: scribebat orationes quas alii dicerent: quamquam is etiam ipse scripsit eas, quibus pro se est usus, sed non sine Aelio;

his enim scriptis etiam ipse interfui,

id. ib. 56, 206 sq. —

With quoque:

quippe quia plebs senatus consultum solvit, ipsi quoque solutum vultis,

Liv. 3, 21, 4:

consul, quia collegae decretum triumphum audivit, ipse quoque triumphi flagitator Romam rediit,

id. 8, 12, 9:

cum subito Sulpicius et Albinovanus objecissent catervas, ipse quoque (Sulla) jaculatus, etc.,

Flor. 3, 21, 7.—

With et (et ipse = kai autos, ipse etiam; rare in Cic.; cf.

Zumpt, Gram. § 698): tamen et ipsi tuae familiae genere et nomine continebuntur,

Cic. Caecin. 20, 58:

deseret eos quos una scis esse, cum habeat praesertim et ipse cohortis triginta?

id. Att. 8, 7, 1; id. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

Cornelius dictatorem Aemilium dixit, et ipse ab eo magister equitum est dictus,

Liv. 4, 31, 5:

credo ego vos, socii, et ipsos cernere,

id. 21, 21, 3:

Cornelio minus copiarum datum, quia L. Manlius praetor et ipse cum praesidio in Galliam mittebatur,

id. 21, 17, 7:

qui et ipse crus fregerat,

Suet. Aug. 43:

Antoninus Commodus nihil paternum habuit, nisi quod contra Germanos feliciter et ipse pugnavit,

Eutr. 8, 7:

virtutes et ipsae taedium pariunt,

Quint. 9, 4, 43. —

With nec ( = ne ipse quidem):

primis repulsis Maharbal cum majore robore virorum missus nec ipse eruptionem cohortium sustinuit,

Liv. 23, 18, 4:

nihil moveri viderunt, nec ipsi quicquam mutarunt,

id. 37, 20, 8:

neque ipsi,

id. 30, 42, 7: crimina non quidem nec ipsa mediocria;

sed quid ista sunt prae iis, etc.,

id. 34, 32, 9.

Esp.

By way of eminence, ipse is used to indicate the chief person, host, master, teacher, etc.:

ipsa, the mistress, etc.: ipsus tristis,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 23:

ipsum praesto video,

id. ib. 2, 5, 3:

ego eo quo me ipsa misit,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 2, 10:

suam norat ipsam tam bene, quam puella matrem,

Cat. 3, 7 (Müll., ipsa); cf.:

Pythagorei respondere solebant, ipse dixit,

i. e. Pythagoras, Cic. N. D. 1, 5, 10; cf.:

nec hoc oratori contingere inter adversarios quod Pythagorae inter discipulos potest ipse dixit,

Quint. 11, 1, 27:

cum veniat lectica Mathonis plena ipso,

the great man, Juv. 1, 33:

anseris ante ipsum jecur,

before the host, id. 5, 114.—

Of or by one ' s self, of one ' s own accord = suā sponte, ultro:

videar non ipse promisisse (opp. to fortuito),

Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 111:

de manibus delapsa arma ipsa ceciderunt,

id. Off. 1, 22, 77:

valvae clausae se ipsae aperuerunt,

id. Div. 1, 37, 74:

ipsae lacte domum referent distenta capellae Ubera,

Verg. E. 4, 21:

ipsi potum venient juvenci,

id. ib. 7, 11; cf.:

aliae ipsae Sponte sua veniunt,

id. G. 2, 10:

fruges sponte sua (tellus) primum ipsa creavit,

Lucr. 2, 11, 58; and autai for automatoi, Theocr. Idyll. 11, 12.—

Himself exclusively.

By or in one ' s self, alone:

haec ipse suo tristi cum corde volutat,

Verg. A. 6, 185:

his actis, aliud genitor secum ipse volutat,

id. ib. 12, 843: tempus secum ipsa Exigit, id. ib. 4, 475:

quam facile exercitu soclos conservaturus sit, qui ipso nomine ac rumore defenderit,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 45:

multa secum ipse volvens,

Sall. C. 32, 1:

aestimando ipse secum,

Liv. 25, 23, 11.—

In one ' s self, for one ' s own sake:

ipsam aequitatem et jus ipsum amare,

Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48.—

Of one ' s self, of one ' s own nature, etc.:

erat ipse immani acerbāque naturā Oppianicus,

Cic. Clu. 15, 44:

duo imperatores, ipsi pares, ceterum opibus disparibus,

Sall. J. 52, 1:

natura serpentium, ipsa perniciosa, siti accenditur,

id. ib. 89, 5.—

With advv. of time.

Nunc ipsum, just now, at this very time:

nunc ipsum exurit,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 16:

nunc ipsum non dubitabo rem tantam adicere,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 2; 8, 9, 2:

nunc tamen ipsum sine te esse non possum,

id. ib. 12, 16. —

Tum ipsum, just then, at that very time:

id, quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,

Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 124:

ratio largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum ad facultates accommodanda est,

id. Off. 2, 17, 60:

et tum ipsum, cum immolare velis, extorum fieri mutatio potest,

id. Div. 1, 52, 118; cf. id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv.—

With numerals, just, exactly, precisely (opp. fere):

triginta dies erant ipsi, cum, etc.,

Cic. Att. 3, 21 init.:

ipsas undecim esse legiones,

id. Fam. 6, 18, 2:

nam cum dixisset minus 1000 (sc. milia), populus cum risu acclamavit, ipsa esse,

id. Caecin. 10, 28; cf. id. Brut. 15, 61; 43, 162:

ipso vigesimo anno,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 9, § 25. —

In reflexive uses,

Ipse strengthens the subject when opposed in thought to other agents; the object, when opposed to other objects; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 696; Kennedy, Gram. § 67, 3; Madv. Gram. § 487, 6. — Hence,

With subject.

In gen.:

non egeo medicina (i. e. ut alii me consolentur), me ipse consolor,

Cic. Lael. 3, 10:

Junius necem sibi ipse conscivit,

id. N. D. 2, 3, 7:

neque potest exercitum is continere imperator, qui se ipse non continet,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 38:

Artaxerxes se ipse reprehendit,

Nep. Dat. 5:

ipsa se virtus satis ostendit,

Sall. J. 85; cf.:

deponendo tutelam ipse in se unum omnium vires convertit,

Liv. 24, 4, 9:

deforme etiam est de se ipsum praedicare,

Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137.—

With special emphasis, ipse is joined to the subject to indicate its relation to itself as both subject and object, though the antithesis would suggest another case (Cic.):

cum iste sic erat humilis atque demissus, ut non modo populo Romano, sed etiam sibi ipse condemnatus videretur,

Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17:

si quis ipse sibi inimicus est,

id. Fin. 5, 10, 28:

qui ipsi sibi bellum indixissent,

id. ib. 5, 10, 29:

quoniam se ipsi omnes natura diligant,

id. ib. 3, 18, 59:

nam si ex scriptis cognosci ipsi suis potuissent,

id. de Or. 2, 2, 8.—

With object:

neque vero ipsam amicitiam tueri (possumus), nisi aeque amicos et nosmet ipsos diligamus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 67:

omne animal se ipsum diligit,

id. ib. 5, 9, 24:

fac ut diligentissime te ipsum custodias,

id. Fam. 9, 14, 8:

Pompeianus miles fratrem suum, dein se ipsum interfecit,

Tac. H. 3, 51:

Lentulum, quem mihi ipsi antepono,

Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 5.—

Ipse defines the subject of a reflexive pronoun:

natura movet infantem, sed tantum ut se ipse diligat (where ipse shows that se refers to infantem),

Cic. Fin. 2, 10, 33: proinde consulant sibi ipsi;

jubeant abire se,

Just. 16, 4, 15:

neque prius vim adhibendam putaverunt, quam se ipse indicasset,

Nep. Paus. 4:

in portis murisque sibimet ipsos tecta coëgerat aedificare,

Liv. 27, 3, 2 (cf. 1. a. supra).—

Ipse stands for the reflexive pronoun,

Where the person or thing referred to is to be emphatically distinguished from others (class.):

cum omnes se expetendos putent, nec id ob aliam rem, sed propter ipsos, necesse est ejus etiam partes propter se expeti, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 46:

quis umquam consul senatum ipsius decretis parere prohibuit?

id. Sest. 14, 32:

quos, quidquid ipsis expediat, facturos arbitrabimur,

id. Fin. 2, 35, 117:

qui negant se recusare, quo minus, ipsis mortuis, terrarum deflagratio consequatur,

id. ib. 3, 19, 64:

nec quid ipsius natura sit intellegit,

id. ib. 5, 9, 24.—

In a subordinate clause, to point out either the subject of the principal clause, or the chief agent or speaker;

esp. where se or sibi is already applied to the subject of the subordinate clause: ne ob eam rem aut suae magnopere virtuti tribueret aut ipsos despiceret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 5:

legatos ad consulem mittit, qui tantum modo ipsi liberisque vitam peterent,

Sall. J. 16, 2; cf.:

ipsis mortuis,

Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64:

supra nihil, quantum in ipso est, praetermittere quo minus, etc.,

id. Leg. 1, 21, 56:

ipsius,

id. ib. 2, 22, 55:

nihil umquam audivi... nihil de re publica gravius, nihil de ipso modestius, i. e. de ipso dicente,

id. Balb. 1, 2: id quod ipsum adjuvat (i. e. dicentem;

opp. id quod adversario prodest),

id. Inv. 1, 21, 30.—

In gen., for an emphatic se or sibi (mostly post-Aug.; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40):

nam ipsis certum esse, etc.,

Liv. 35, 46, 13:

pravitas consulum discordiaque inter ipsos,

id. 4, 26, 6:

inexperta remedia haud injuria ipsis esse suspecta,

Curt. 3, 5, 15:

Graecis nuntiare jubet, ipsum quidem gratias agere, etc.,

id. 3, 8, 7:

dixit, ab illo deo ipsos genus ducere,

id. 4, 2, 3:

a quibus nec acceperunt injuriam nec accepisse ipsos existimant, Sen. de Ira, 2, 5, 1: intemperantiam in morbo suam experti parere ipsis vetant,

id. ib. 3, 13, 5:

sciunt ipsos omnia habere communia,

id. Ep. 6, 3; 22, 10 et saep.; cf.:

verum est etiam iis, qui aliquando futuri sint, esse propter ipsos consulendum,

Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64.—

Ipse stands in free constr. with abl. absol. as with finite verb (cf. also quisque;

only freq. in Liv. and post-Aug. writers): cum dies venit, causa ipse pro se dicta, quindecim milibus aeris damnatur,

Liv. 4, 44, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.:

Romani imperatores, junctis et ipsi exercitibus... ad sedem hostium pervenere,

id. 29, 2, 2:

C. Popilius, dimissis et ipse Atticis navibus... pergit,

id. 45, 10, 2; cf.:

Catilina et Autronius parabant consules interficere, ipsi fascibus conreptis Pisonem cum exercitu mittere,

Sall. C. 18, 5:

amisso et ipse Pacoro,

Tac. G. 37; cf. also the emphatic use of ipse (like quisque) with abl. of gerund (freq. in Liv.):

adsentando indignandoque et ipse,

Liv. 40, 23, 1:

cogendo ipse,

id. 39, 49, 3:

agendo ipse,

id. 41, 24, 2:

aestimando ipse secum,

id. 25, 23, 11 et saep.

Am. prol. 102:

ipsimet nobis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 3:

ipsemet profugiam,

Sen. Ep. 117, 21; also Front. Aq. 74 ex conj.— Sup.: Com. Ergo ipsusne es? Charm. Ipsissumus, his own very self, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 146; cf. Gr. autotatos, Aristoph. Plut. 83; so,

ipsimus and ipsima, for dominus and domina (cf II. A. supra),

Petr. 75, 11; and:

ipsimi nostri,

id. 63, 3 Büch. ex conj.

līs, lītis (old form stlis, stlitis, like stlocus for locus; cf. Quint. 1, 4, 16), f. [root star-, in sterno; cf. Germ. streiten, to contend], a strife, dispute, quarrel.

In gen.:

si quis pugnam expectat, litis contrahat,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 63:

philosophi aetatem in litibus conterunt,

Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53:

grammatici certant et adhuc sub judice lis est,

Hor. A. P. 78:

morsus litibus alternis dati,

Prop. 4 (5), 5, 39:

semper habet lites alternaque jurgia lectus In quo nupta jacet,

Juv. 6, 268.— Transf., of inanimate things:

lis est cum formā magna pudicitiae,

Ov. H. 16, 288; id. F. 1, 107.—

In partic.

A charge, an accusation:

accipito hanc tute ad te litem... Fac ego ne metuam mihi, atque ut tu meam timeas vicem,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 23. —

A lawsuit, an action or process at law:

nam mihi tris hodie litis judicandas dicito,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 10: hodie juris coctiores [p. 1071] non sunt, qui litis creant, Quam sunt hice, qui, si nihil est litium, litis serunt, id. Poen. 3, 2, 9 sq.; Cic. de Or. 3, 28, 109:

repetere ac persequi lite atque judicio aliquid,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 13, § 32:

litem alicui intendere,

id. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

in inferendis litibus,

id. Rab. Post. 4, 10:

contestari,

id. Att. 16, 15, 2:

obtinere aut amittere,

id. Rosc. Com. 4, 10:

orare,

id. Off. 3. 10, 43:

sedare,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 132:

secare,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 42:

perdere,

Gai. Inst. 4, 30:

in litibus aestimandis,

in suits for damages, Cic. Clu. 41, 116; id. Rab. Post. 4, 9:

lis capitis,

a prosecution involving life, a capital charge, id. Clu. 41, 116:

aestimationem litium non esse judicium,

an appraisal of damages, id. ib.; cf. id. Rab. Post. 5, 11:

cum in eum litis aestimares,

id. ib. 5, 12:

quod vulgo dicitur, e lege Julia litem anno et sex mensibus mori,

Gai. Inst. 4, 104.—

In the phrase: litem suam facere, to make the cause his own, said,

Litem suam facere, of an advocate who neglects the cause of his client and seeks his own advantage:

quid, si cum pro altero dicas, litem tuam facias?

Cic. de Or. 2, 75, 305.—

Also of a judge who, out of favor or through bribery, pronounces an unjust sentence, or who turns aside from the questions strictly before him to express his own opinions or feelings through the judgment: debet enim judex attendere, ut cum certae pecuniae condemnatio posita sit, neque majoris neque minoris summa petita nummo condemnet, alioquin litem suam facit;

item si taxatio posita sit, ne pluris condemnet quam taxatum sit, alias enim similiter litem suam facit,

Gai. Inst. 2, 52:

si judex litem suam fecerit,

Dig. 44, 7, 4, § 4; cf. ib. 5, 1, 15; so, trop.: nam et Varro satis aperte, quid dicere oporteret, edocuit;

et ego adversus eum, qui doctus esse dicebatur, litem meam facere absens nolui,

Gell. 10, 1.—

Also of a judge who does not appear on the day appointed: inde ad comitium vadunt, ne litem suam faciant, C. Titius ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—

The subject of an action at law, the matter in dispute:

quibus res erat in controversia, ea vocabatur lis,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 93 Müll.:

illud mihi mirum videri solet, tot homines statuere non potuisse, utrum rem an litem dici oporteret,

Cic. Mur. 12, 27:

lites severe aestimatae,

id. ib. 20, 42:

quo minus secundum eas tabulas lis detur, non recusamus,

id. Rosc. Com. 1, 3:

de tota lite pactionem facere,

id. ib. 14, 40:

in suam rem litem vertere,

Liv. 3, 72:

litem lite resolvere,

to explain one obscure thing by another equally so, Hor. S. 2, 3, 103.

nascor, nātus, nasci (ante-class., and in poets of the class. period also gnatus, v. under P. a. B.; part. fut. nasciturus, Pall. Jun. 7, § 8; Vulg. Judic. 13, 8), 3, v. dep. [from gnascor, gnatus, root gen, whence gigno; cf. Gr. gennaô], to be born, to be begotten (of or by male or female).

Lit.; constr. with ex or de and abl., or with abl. alone; rarely with ab and abl.

With ex and abl. (esp. with name or other appellation of the mother):

cum ex utrāque (uxore) filius natus esset,

Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 183:

cujus ex filiā natus est Sestius,

id. Fam. 13, 8, 1:

Servius Tullius ex serva Tarquiniensi natus,

id. Rep. 2, 21, 37:

ex hac feminā debuit nasci, qui, etc.,

Sen. ad Helv. 16, 6:

natam sibi ex Poppaeā filiam,

Tac. A. 15, 23 init.:

ex Thetide natus,

Quint. 3, 7, 11:

ex Urbiniā natus,

id. 7, 2, 5:

Alexandri filius natus ex Barsine,

Just. 13, 2, 7; cf.:

negantis (Domitii) quidquam ex se et Agrippinā nisi detestabile nasci potuisse,

Suet. Ner. 6:

quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera,

Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf.:

convinces facile ex te esse natum, nam tui similis est probe,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 7:

ex militibus Romanis et Hispanis mulieribus natos se memorantes,

Liv. 43, 3, 2;

very rarely with a designation of the father, and only with pronouns: ex hoc Domitius nascitur,

Suet. Ner. 4 init.:

Neoptolemus ex quo nata est Olympias,

Just. 17, 3, 14:

ex quo nasci nepotes deceat,

Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 2:

illum ex me natum,

Val. Max. 5, 10 ext. 3; cf.:

quod tibi filiolus vel filia nascitur ex me,

Juv. 9, 83.—

With de and abl.:

de tigride natus,

Ov. M. 9, 612; cf.:

de stirpe dei nasci,

id. ib. 11, 312:

de pellice natus,

id. ib. 4, 422:

natus de muliere,

Vulg. Job, 14, 1; 15, 14. —

With abl. (so usually with proper names;

and with general designations of parents, family, etc.): quos omnes Erebo et Nocte natos ferunt,

Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44:

Hercules Jove natus,

id. ib. 3, 16, 42:

Nilo natus,

id. ib. 3, 16, 42:

nascetur Oedipus Lao,

id. Fat. 13, 30:

patre Marte,

id. Rep. 2, 2, 4:

Paulo,

id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

privignus Poppaeā natus,

Suet. Ner. 55:

Ascanius Creusā matre natus,

Liv. 1, 3, 2: Junia, Vell. 2, 127, 4:

amplissimā familiā nati adulescentes,

Caes. B. G. 7, 37, 1:

honestis parentibus,

Quint. 1, 11, 85; Sen. Contr. 7, 21, 1:

Mela quibus Gallio et Seneca parentibus natus,

Tac. A. 16, 17:

deus deo natus,

Liv. 1, 16, 3:

imperioso patre,

id. 7, 4, 5; 9, 1, 12: Assaraco natus Capus, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.):

patre certo nasci,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 46:

Apolline natus,

Ov. M. 15, 639: natus deā, son of a goddess, i. e. Achilles, id. M. 12, 86; so,

natus deā,

of Æneas, Verg. A. 1, 582:

matre Musā natus,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45:

nascetur pulcrā Trojanus origine Caesar,

Verg. A. 1, 286.—

With ab and abl.:

generari et nasci a principibus,

Tac. H. 1, 16:

et qui nascentur ab illo,

Verg. G. 1, 434.—

In other constrr.:

post homines natos,

since men have lived, Cic. Phil. 11, 1, 1:

post genus hominum natum,

id. Balb. 10, 26:

in miseriam nascimur,

id. Tusc. 1, 5, 9:

aves omnes in pedes nascuntur,

with the feet foremost, Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149:

ad homines nascendos vim hujus numeri (septenarii) pertinere,

to the formation of man in the womb, Gell. 3, 10, 7:

homo nascitur ad laborem,

i. e. it is his nature to suffer it, Vulg. Job, 5, 7.—

Transf., to rise, take beginning, derive origin, spring forth, grow, be found: O fortunatam natam me consule Romam, Cic. ap. Quint. 11, 1, 24; and ap. Juv. 10, 122:

humi nascentia fraga,

Verg. E. 3, 92:

cum nata fuerint folia,

Vulg. Marc. 13, 28:

nascitur ibi plumbum album in mediterraneis regionibus,

is found, produced, Caes. B. G. 5, 12:

onyx nascitur circa Thebas Aegyptias,

Plin. 36, 8, 12, § 61:

ex palude nascitur amnis,

rises, id. 36, 26, 65, § 190:

nascere, praeque diem veniens age, Lucifer, almum,

rise, Verg. E. 8, 17:

unde nigerrimus Auster Nascitur,

id. G. 3, 278:

nascens luna,

Hor. C. 3, 23, 2; id. S. 2, 4, 30:

nascentia templa,

newly built, Mart. 6, 4, 3:

Circaeis nata forent an Lucrinum ad saxum... ostrea,

Juv. 4, 140.— To rise, be formed (of a hill):

ab eo flumine collis nascebatur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 18; cf.:

nascitur altera moles,

Sil. 3, 530. —

Trop.

To arise, spring forth, proceed from, be produced:

scribes ad me, ut mihi nascatur epistulae argumentum,

Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 2:

nulla tam detestabilis pestis est, quae non homini ab homine nascatur,

id. Off. 2, 5, 16:

fateor ea me studiose secutum ex quibus vera gloria nasci posset,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 13:

facinus natum a cupiditate,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 82; id. Font. 16, 37:

visus ei dicitur draco... dicere quo illa loci nasceretur,

id. Div. 2, 66, 135:

strumae nascuntur maxime in cervice,

Cels. 5, 28, 7; 7, 12, 1 fin.; 7, 6, 4 fin.:

onychem in Arabiae tantum montibus nasci putavere,

Plin. 36, 7, 12, § 59:

frumenta nata sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 63, § 147:

ex quo uno haec omnia nata et profecta esse concedit,

id. Quint. 28, 85; id. Agr 2, 33, 90:

profectio nata a timore defectionis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 43:

querelae verae nascuntur pectore ab imo,

Cat. 64, 198:

omnis obligatio vel ex contractu nascitur vel ex delicto,

Gai. Inst. 3, 88 sq. —With ut:

ex hoc nascitur ut,

hence it follows that, Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 63; Sen. Ep. 74, 11.—

Esp., of the spiritual renewal of a religious experience, to be regenerated, born again (eccl. Lat.):

quod natum est ex spiritu, spiritus est,

Vulg. Johan. 3, 6:

nasci denuo,

id. ib. 3, 7:

natus ex Deo,

id. 1 Johan. 3, 9, etc.—Hence, P. a.

nascens, entis, arising, beginning, nascent, infant, immature:

ante Periclem et Thucydidem, qui non nascentibus Athenis, sed jam adultis fuerunt, littera nulla est, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 7, 27:

eloquentiam pueris induunt adhuc nascentibus,

Petr. 4:

(vitulus) vexat nascenti robora cornu,

Juv. 12, 9.—

Subst.: nascentia, ĭum, n., organic bodies, esp. plants, Vitr. 5, 1, 3; 5, 8, 1.—

nātus, a, um, P. a., born; hence,

Subst.: nātus ( gnātus), i, m., a son; and nāta ( gnāta), ae, f. (dat. and abl. pl. natabus, where ambiguity is to be avoided, Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 733 P.; Inscr. Orell. 7421; Phocas, p. 1707 P.; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 29), a daughter; in plur.: nati (gnati), children, offspring:

caritas, quae est inter natos et parentes,

Cic. Lael. 8, 27:

bellum prope inter parentes natosque,

Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 5, 40, 3:

cum pecore et gnatis,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 115:

et trepidae matres pressere ad pectora natos,

Verg. A. 7, 518: mihi ausculta, nate, pueros jube cremarier, Enn. [p. 1188] ap. Non. 246, 11 (Trag. v. 329 Vahl.); Hor. S. 1, 3, 43:

natam conlocare alicui,

Plaut. Aul. Arg. 1, 15: o gnata, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 46 Vahl.):

si quis gnatam pro mutā devovet agnā,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 219; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 199: Hectoris natum de muro jactarier, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 10, § 70 Müll. (Trag. v. 130 Vahl.); so, Nerei natae, id. ap. Prisc. p. 733 P. (Trag. v. 135 Vahl.):

maxima natarum Priami,

Verg. A. 1, 654; Ov. M. 13, 661.—Esp. in the phrase natus nemo, not a human being, nobody (Plautine for nemo mortalis):

tamquam si natus nemo in aedibus habitet,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 55 Lorenz ad loc.; id. ib. 2, 2, 20:

nato nemini,

id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Ps. 1, 3, 63.—

Adj.

Natus alicui rei or ad aliquam rem, born, made, destined, designed, intended, produced by nature for any thing.

With dat. (class.):

me credo huic esse natum rei, ferundis miseriis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6:

non sibi se soli natum meminerit, sed patriae, sed suis,

Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 45:

natus huic imperio,

id. Cael. 24, 59:

gurges atque helluo natus abdomini suo, non laudi atque gloriae,

id. Pis. 17, 41:

Judaei et Syri, nationes natae servituti,

id. Prov. Cons. 5, 10. —

With ad (class.):

vir ad omnia summa natus,

Cic. Brut. 68, 239:

natus ad haec tempora,

id. Phil. 12, 4, 9:

ad dicendum natus aptusque,

id. de Or. 1, 22, 99:

ad haudem et ad decus nati, suscepti, instituti sumus,

id. Fin. 5, 22, 63:

ad hoc unum natus,

id. Or. 28, 99:

ut ad cursum equus, ad arandum bos, ad indagandum canis, sic homo ad intellegendum et agendum natus est,

id. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

natus ad sacra Cithaeron,

Ov. M. 2, 223:

canor mulcendas natus ad aures,

id. ib. 5, 561.—

With inf. ( poet.):

quid meruere boves, animal... natum tolerare labores,

Ov. M. 15, 120: sentes tantummodo laedere natae, id. de Nuce, 113.—

With in and acc. ( poet.):

nati in usum laetitiae scyphi,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 1; Ov. M. 14, 99; 15, 117.—

With propter (rare):

apros, animal propter convivia natum,

Juv. 1, 141.—

Formed or constituted by nature in any manner:

alius ager bene natus, alius male,

Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 1:

sarmenta male nata,

Col. 4, 24, 7:

ita natus locus est,

Liv. 9, 2:

inculti versūs et male nati,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 233.—

Pro re natā, or (ante- and post-class.) e re natā, under the present circumstances, according to the state of affairs, as matters are:

ut in his pro re natā non incommode possint esse,

Cic. Att. 7, 14, 3:

Antonii colloquium cum heroibus nostris pro re natā non incommodum,

id. ib. 14, 6, 1;

7, 8, 2: e re natā melius fieri haud potuit, quam factum est,

Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8; App. M. 4, p. 143, 38.—

With a specification of time, so old, of the age of, etc.:

eques Romanus annos prope XC. natus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62:

annos natus unum et viginti,

id. de Or. 3, 20, 74:

cum annos ad quinquaginta natus esset,

id. Clu. 40, 110:

cum quinque et viginti natus annos dominatum occupavisset,

id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57:

Cato annos quinque et octoginta natus excessit e vitā,

id. Brut. 20, 80; in inscr. ANNORVM NATVS, etc., Inscr. Mon. Scip. n. 7;

Inscr. Marini Atti, p. 564.— Sometimes, in order to specify the age more exactly, major or minor, without or with quam, is added: annos nata est sedecim non major,

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 23:

minor quinque et viginti annis natus,

Nep. Han. 3, 2:

minor triginta annis natus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 122:

homo annos natus major quadraginta,

over forty years old, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 49:

Dionysius major annos sexaginta natus decessit,

Nep. Reg. 2, 3:

cum liberis majoribus quam quindecim annos natis,

Liv. 45, 32, 3:

minorem quam annos sex, majorem quam annos decem natam, negarunt capi fas esse,

Gell. 1, 12, 1.—For major, minor, sometimes with plus, minus (ante-class.):

plus triginta annis natus sim,

Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 1:

annos sexaginta natus es aut plus,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11; cf.:

non amplius novem annos natus,

Nep. Han. 2, 3.— Act. collat. form: nasco, ĕre, to be born, etc.:

ubi germen nascere coeperit,

Cato, R. R. 151 fin.

nūbo, psi, ptum, 3, v. a. and n. (acc. to Prisc. p. 789 P., the ancients used the construction nubere aliquem; hence part. pass.: nuptus, a, um; v. fin.) [root in Sanscr. nabhas; Germ. Nebei; Gr. nephos, nephelê; Lat.: nubes, nebula, nimbus; cf. numphê], to cover, veil.

In gen. (very rare):

jubet ut udae virgines nubant rosae. Auct. Pervig. Ven. 22: quod aqua nubat terram,

Arn. 3, 118.—

In partic., of a bride: alicui, to cover, veil herself for the bridegroom, i. e. to be married to him; to marry, wed (class. and freq.); constr. with dat. or absol.: nuptam esse; also with cum; post-class. also with apud:

quo illae nubent divites Dotatae?

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 15:

virgo nupsit ei, cui Caecilia nupta fuerat,

Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104:

deam homini nubere, Aug. Civ. Dei, 4, 27: locuples quae nupsit avaro,

Juv. 6, 141; 591:

regis Parthorum filius, quocum esset nupta regis Armeniorum soror,

Cic. Fam. 15, 3, 1:

Amphitruo... Quicum Alcumenast nupta,

Plaut. Am. prol. 99:

dum cum illo nupta eris,

id. As. 5, 2, 20:

cum in familiam clarissimam nupsisses,

Cic. Cael. 14, 34:

in familiae luctum,

id. Clu. 66, 188:

ut una apud duos nupta esset,

Gell. 1, 23, 8:

si qua voles apte nubere, nube pari,

Ov. H. 9, 32:

posse ipsam Liviam statuere nubendum post Drusum,

Tac. A. 4, 40:

tu nube atque tace,

Juv. 2, 61.—In the sup.:

nam quo dedisti nuptum, abire nolumus,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 83; cf.:

uxor, invita quae ad virum nuptum datur,

id. ib. 1, 2, 85:

Mamilio filiam nuptum dat,

Liv. 1, 49:

ultro nuptum ire,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 86:

nuptum locare virginem,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 25:

propinquas suas nuptum in alias civitates collocāsse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18: nuptum mitti, Sall. Fragm. ap. Arus. Mess.— Impers. pass.:

cujusmodi hic cum famā facile nubitur,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 58: praestruxit, hic quidem nubi, ubi sit et mori, Tert. c. Marc. 4, 38.— Pers.:

neque nubent neque nubentur,

Vulg. Matt. 22, 30. —

Transf.

Of a man, to marry, be married ( poet. and in post-class. prose):

pontificem maximum rursus nubere nefas est,

Tert. ad Uxor. 1, 7:

nec filii sine consensu patrum rite et jure nubent,

id. ib. 2, 11; Hier. Ep. 22, n. 19; Vulg. Luc. 20, 34: viri nupti, Varr. ap. Non. 480. 3.—So, comically, of a man who is ruled by his wife, Non. 143, 24 sq.:

uxorem quare locupletem ducere nolim, Quaeritis? uxori nubere nolo meae,

will not be my wife's wife, Mart. 8, 12, 2.—Also of unnatural vice:

nubit amicus, Nec multos adhibet,

Juv. 2, 134; Mart. 12, 42; Lampr. Heliog. 10; Cod. Just. 9, 9, 31.—

In mal. part.:

haec cotidie viro nubit,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 45; cf. id. Cas. 2, 8, 45 sqq.; Mart. 1, 24, 4.—

Of plants, to be wedded, i. e. tied to others:

vites in Campano agro populis nubunt,

Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 10:

et te, Bacche, tuos nubentem junget ad ulmos,

Manil. 5, 238:

populus alba vitibus nupta,

Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 266.—Hence, nuptus, a, um, P. a., married, wedded:

ex quā hic est puer et nupta jam filia,

Cic. Sest. 3, 6.— Subst.: nūpta, ae, f., a married woman, bride, wife:

nova nupta,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 33; Juv. 2, 120:

pudica,

Liv. 3, 45, 6; Ov. F. 2, 794:

nupta virum timeat,

id. A. A. 3, 613; Tac. G. 18; Sen. Contr. 3, 21, 9; Juv. 6, 269; 3, 45.—Comically, in the masc.:

novus nuptus, of a man married in jest as a woman to another man,

Plaut. Cas. 5, 1, 6 (cited in Prisc. p. 789 P.).— Transf.: nupta verba, which should not be spoken by the unmarried, Paul. ex Fest. p. 170 Müll.

ŏcŭlus (sync. oclus, Prud. steph. 10, 592 dub.), i, m. [kindr. with Sanscr. akshi and aksha, from the root ītsh, videre; Gr. ossomai, osse; Goth. augō; Germ. Auge; Engl. eye], an eye.

Lit.:

quae (natura) primum oculos membranis tenuissimis vestivit et saepsit... sed lubricos oculos fecit et mobiles,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142; cf. Cels. 7, 7, 13; Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 139 sq.; Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 221:

venusti,

id. Tusc. 5, 16, 46:

eminentes,

prominent, id. Vatin. 2, 4:

oculi tanquam speculatores,

id. N. D. 2, 57, 140:

acuti,

id. Planc. 27, 69:

maligni,

Verg. A. 5, 654:

minaces,

Luc. 2, 26: oculos conicere in aliquem, to cast or fix one's eyes upon, Cic. Clu. 19, 54:

oculos conjecit in hostem,

Verg. A. 12, 483: adicere alicui rei, to cast one's eyes upon, glance at:

ad eorum ne quem oculos adiciat suos,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 24; to covet, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 37:

adicere ad rem aliquam,

id. Agr. 2, 10, 25:

de aliquo nusquam deicere,

to never turn one's eyes away from, to regard with fixed attention, id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 33:

deicere ab aliquā re,

to turn away, id. Phil. 1, 1, 1:

in terram figere,

to fix one's eyes upon the ground, Tac. H. 4, 72:

deicere in terram,

to cast down to, Quint. 1, 11, 9:

demittere,

Ov. M. 15, 612:

erigere,

id. ib. 4, 146: attollere. Verg. A. 4, 688; Ov. M. 2, 448:

circumferre,

id. ib. 6, 169:

premere,

Verg. A. 9, 487: deponere, to fix, Hor C. 1, 36, 18:

distorquere,

id. S. 1, 9, 65:

spargere,

to direct hither and thither, Pers. 5, 33:

oculis cernere,

to see with one's own eyes, Nep. Timol. 2, 2:

oculos auferre spectanti,

to blind the eyes of an observer, to cheat him before his eyes, Liv. 6, 15 fin.: ponere sibi aliquid ante oculos. i. e. to imagine to one's self any thing, Cic. Agr. 2, 20, 53:

proponere oculis suis aliquid,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

esse ante oculos,

to be before one's eyes, id. Lael. 11, 38: res posita in oculis, and ante oculos, that lies before one's eyes, is apparent, evident:

de rebus ante oculos positis,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 5:

omnia sunt enim posita ante oculos,

id. de Or. 1, 43, 192:

inque meis oculis candida Delos erat,

before my eyes, Ov. H. 21, 82: vivere in oculis, habitare in oculis, to live in the sight of, in the presence of, in intercourse with:

in maximā celebritate atque in oculis civium quondam viximus,

Cic. Off. 3, 1, 3:

habitavi in oculis,

id. Planc. 27, 66; cf.:

in foro palam Syracusis in ore atque in oculis provinciae,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 81; Liv. 22, 12; 35, 10; Tac. H. 4, 77:

habere in oculis,

to keep in sight, to watch, observe, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 66:

in oculis omnium submergi,

Curt. 9, 4, 11:

se ante oculos suos trucidari sinerent,

Liv. 2, 6, 2; 4, 14, 5; Auct. Her. 4, 36, 48: ab oculis alicujus abire (ire), to leave one's presence:

Abin' hinc ab oculis?

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 147; id. Truc. 2, 5, 24; Sen. Ep. 36, 10; cf.:

ab oculis recedere,

Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 11:

ab oculis concedere,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17:

(angues) conspecti repente ex oculis abierunt,

out of sight, Liv. 25, 16, 2:

prodigii species ex oculis elapsa,

id. 26, 19, 7:

(avem) ablatam ex oculis,

Tac. H. 2, 50:

facesserent propere ex urbe ab ore atque oculis populi Romani,

Liv. 6, 17, 8:

sub oculis alicujus,

before a person's eyes, in his presence, Caes. B. C. 1, 71; Vell. 2, 79, 4:

sub oculis domini esse,

Col. 9, 5, 2:

quos honores sub oculis tuis gessit,

Plin. Ep. 10, 11, 2:

sub avi oculis necari,

Just. 1, 4, 5; Flor. 4, 7, 8:

hostes sub oculis erant,

Liv. 22, 14, 3; 26, 38, 9:

sub oculis Caesaris,

Tac. A. 2, 35: hunc oculis suis nostrarum numquam quisquam vidit, with his own eyes, i. e. actually, in person, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 10:

numquam ante hunc diem meis oculis eam videram,

id. Hec. 5, 4, 23: ad oculum, for display, to be seen:

non ad oculum servientes,

Vulg. Eph. 1, 18; id. Col. 3, 22.—As a term of endearment, the apple of my eye, my darling:

ubi isti sunt quibus vos oculi estis, quibus vitae estis, quibus deliciae?

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 46:

bene vale, ocule mi!

id. Curc. 1, 3, 47 —Hence, in a double sense:

par oculorum in amicitiā M. Antonii triumviri,

Suet. Rhet. 5.—The ancients swore by their eyes:

si voltis per oculos jurare, nihilo magis facietis,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 1.—

Transf.

The power of seeing, sight, vision: ut eum quoque oculum, quo bene videret, amitteret, lost, i. e. became blind, Cic. Div. 1, 24, 48:

oculos perdere,

id. Har. Resp. 18, 37:

restituere alicui,

Suet. Vesp. 7; cf.:

oculis usurpare rem,

i. e. see, Lucr. 1, 301.—

A luminary, said of the sun and stars ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose): mundi oculus. i. e. the sun, Ov. M. 4, 228:

stellarum oculi,

Plin. 2, 5, 4, § 10.—

A spot resembling an eye, as on a panther's hide, a peacock's tail, etc., Plin. 8, 17, 23, § 62:

pavonum caudae,

id. 13, 15, 30, § 96. —So arch. t. t.:

oculus volutae,

Vitr. 3, 5. —

Of plants.

An eye, bud, bourgeon: oculos imponere, i. e. to bud, inoculate, Verg. G. 2, 73:

gemmans,

Col. 4, 24, 16.—

A bulb or knob on many roots, on the reed, etc.:

harundinis,

Cato, R. R. 6, 3; Varr. R. R. 1, 24, 3:

seritur harundo bulbo radicis, quem alii oculum vocant,

Plin. 17, 20, 33, § 144.—

A plant, called also aizoum majus, Plin. 25, 13, 102, § 160. —

Trop.

A principal ornament: hi duo illos oculos orae maritimae effoderunt ( Corinth and Carthage), Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 91:

ex duobus Graeciae oculis,

i. e. Athens and Sparta, Just. 5, 8, 4.—

The eye of the soul, the mind's eye:

eloquentiam quam nullis nisi mentis oculis videre possumus,

Cic. Or. 29, 101:

acrioribus mentis oculis intueri,

Col. 3, 8, 1:

oculos pascere re aliquā,

to feast one's eyes on any thing, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 65; cf.:

concupiscentia oculorum,

Vulg. 1 Joh. 2, 16: fructum oculis (dat.) capere ex aliquā re, Nep. Eum. 11, 2: oculi dolent, the eyes ache, i. e. one is afflicted by something seen, Ter. Ph. 5, 8, 64; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 1; cf.:

pietas, pater, oculis dolorem prohibet,

i. e. forbids me to take offence, Plaut. As. 5, 1, 4: in oculis, in the eye, i. e. in view, hoped or expected:

frumenti spes, quae in oculis fuerat, utrosque frustrata pariter,

Liv. 26, 39, 23:

acies et arma in oculis erant,

Curt. 3, 6, 3:

Philotae supplicium in oculis erat,

id. 8, 6, 21:

esse in oculis,

to be beloved, esteemed, Cic. Att. 6, 2, 5:

esse in oculis multitudinis,

id. Tusc. 2, 26, 63: ferre, gestare in oculis, to love, esteem, value:

oderat tum, cum, etc....jam fert in oculis,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 11:

rex te ergo in oculis,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 11: aequis oculis videre, i. e. contentedly, with satisfaction (like aequo animo), Curt. 8, 2, 9: ante oculos, in mind, in view:

mors ante oculos debet esse,

Sen. Ep. 12, 6; Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 6; also plain, obvious:

simul est illud ante oculos,

Cic. de Or. 2, 85, 349:

sit ante oculos Nero,

i. e. set him before you, consider him, Tac. H. 1, 16: ante oculos habere, to keep in mind (post-class.):

habe ante oculos hanc esse terram,

Plin. Ep. 8, 24, 4:

mortalitatem,

id. ib. 2, 10, 4; Just. 5, 6, 1; for which (late Lat.) prae oculis: prae oculis habere terrorem futuri judicii, Greg. M. Ep. 2, 48;

3, 27 al.: nec jam fas ullum prae oculis habent,

Amm. 30, 4, 18: ob oculos versari, to be before the mind, etc.:

mors (ei) ob oculos versatur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39; Liv. 28, 19, 14; cf.:

usu versatur ante oculos vobis Glaucia,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 35, 98; id. Fin. 2, 22, 75; 5, 1, 3; id. Dom. 55, 141; Liv. 34, 36, 6: ponere aliquid ante oculos, to call up in mind, imagine, etc.:

eā (translatione) utimur rei ante oculos ponendae causā,

Auct. Her. 4, 34, 45:

ora eorum ponite vobis ante oculos,

Cic. Phil. 13, 2, 4:

calamitatem Cottae sibi ante oculos ponunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 37:

exsilium Cn. Marci sibi proponunt ante oculos,

Liv. 2, 54, 6:

conjurationem ante oculos ponere,

id. 24, 24, 8:

studia eorum vobis ante oculos proponere,

Auct. Her. 4, 36, 48;

rarely: constituere sibi aliquid ante oculos,

Cic. Cael. 32, 79; Aug. Serm. 233, 3: ante oculos ponere (proponere), with ellips. of dat. of person, Cic. Marc. 2, 5; id. Deiot. 7, 20; id. Phil. 2, 45, 115; 11, 3, 7; id. N. D. 1, 41, 114:

nec a re publicā deiciebam oculos,

id. Phil. 1, 1, 1.

pĕrīcŭlum (contr. pĕrīclum, very freq. in the poets, e. g. Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 29; Ter. And. 2, 2, 13; 5, 1, 2; 5, 2, 26 al.; Lucr. 1, 580; 2, 5 et saep.; Verg. A. 2, 709; 751; 3, 711 et saep.; Juv. 6, 94), i, n. [root, Sanscr. par, pi-par-mi, to conduct, guide; Gr. peraô, to pierce; poros. a way through, passage; Lat. porta, portus, ex - perior, per-itus; cf. Germ. fahren, Gefahr], a trial, experiment, attempt, proof, essay (class.; cf. disorimen).

Lit.:

fac periculum in litteris,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 23:

miser est homo qui amat... Scio qui periclum feci,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 27:

priusquam periclum faceret,

Caes. B. G. 4, 21:

ex aliis,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 36:

alicujus fidei periculum facere,

to make trial of, to try, Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 34:

quā in re tute tui periculum fecisti,

id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 27: legionum, Auct. B. Afr. 79.—

Transf.

Concr., an attempt in writing, an essay:

faciunt imperite, qui in isto periculo non ut a poëtā, sed ut a teste, veritatem exigent (speaking of a poem in honor of Marius),

Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 4; Aus. Idyll. 10, 215.—

Risk, hazard, danger, peril (which acompanies an attempt;

the common signif. of the word): meo periclo rem gero,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 100:

tuo ego istaec dicam illi periculo,

id. ib. 4, 2, 17:

periculum facere,

to run a risk, id. ib. 1, 1, 63:

si ei subito sit allatum periculum discrimenque patriae,

Cic. Off. 1, 43, 154:

salus sociorum summum in periculum ac discrimen vocatur,

id. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12:

discriminum et periculorum comites,

id. N. D. 2, 66, 166:

obire pericula ac labores,

Liv. 1, 54:

periculum adire capitis,

to run the risk of one's life, Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:

in periculo animarum suarum,

Vulg. 1 Par. 11, 19:

subire pro amico,

Cic. Part. 19, 66:

suscipere,

to take upon one's self, id. Mur. 36, 76:

ingredi,

id. ib. 2, 4:

conflare alicui,

to cause, occasion, id. Sull. 4, 13:

intendere in aliquem,

id. Rosc. Am. 3, 7:

intendere alicui,

id. Att. 2, 19, 1:

mortis alicui inicere,

id. Caecin. 29, 83:

facessere innocenti,

id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45:

facere alicui,

Sall. C. 33, 1; cf.:

ego nihil facio tibi periculi,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 7:

creare alicui,

Cic. Att. 22, 2:

comparare alicui,

id. Fl. 38, 96:

moliri optimis civibus,

id. Sest. 1, 1:

amici depellere,

id. Clu. 6, 8:

subterfugere,

id. Fam. 15, 1, 4:

adducta est res in maximum periculum et extremum paene discrimen,

id. Phil. 7, 1, 1:

se in periculum capitis atque in vitae discrimen inferre,

id. Balb. 10, 25:

arcessere aliquem in summum capitis periculum,

id. Rab. Perd. 9, 26:

includere in periculum,

id. Clu. 55, 155:

in periculum se committere,

to get into danger, id. Inv. 2, 8, 37:

eripere ex periculo,

id. Clu. 26, 70:

extrahere ex periculo,

to release from danger, id. Sest. 4, 11:

rem publicam a periculo prohibere,

id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

liberare periculis,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

res in periculo vertitur,

the affair becomes perilous, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 12:

esse in periculo,

Cic. Fam. 4, 15, 2:

in periculo versari,

id. Rab. Post. 9, 23:

a securi negat ei periculum esse,

that danger threatens him, id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:

periculum est, ne,

there is danger that, id. Tusc. 5, 40, 118; so id. Verr. 1, 11, 32: periculo meo, tuo, suo, at my, your, his risk:

meo periculo,

id. Sest. 52, 111:

crede audacter meo periculo,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 51:

meo periculo rem gero,

id. Bacch. 4, 4, 100; id. As. 2, 4, 51:

des ei nummos fide et periculo meo,

Dig. 46, 1, 24:

navem sumptu periculoque suo armatam mittere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 20, § 50; id. Fl. 17, 41:

rem periculi sui facere,

to do a thing at one's own risk, Dig. 23, 5, 16: bono periculo, safely, without danger (post-class.), App. Mag. p. 320, 16.—

In partic.

A trial, action, suit at law (class.):

meus labor in privatorum periculis caste integreque versatus,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 2:

aliquem in periculis defendere,

Nep. Phoc. 2, 3.—

A writ of judgment, a sentence:

unum ab iis petivit, ut in periculo suo inscriberent, etc.,

Nep. Ep. 8:

pericula magistratuum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79, § 183.—

A sickness, attack of sickness (post-Aug.):

in acutis vero periculis nullis dandum est vinum,

Plin. 23, 1, 24, § 48.—

Ruin, destruction (postclass.):

tremefactae nutant usque ad periculum civitates,

Arn. 1, 4.

pĕrīcŭlum (contr. pĕrīclum, very freq. in the poets, e. g. Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 29; Ter. And. 2, 2, 13; 5, 1, 2; 5, 2, 26 al.; Lucr. 1, 580; 2, 5 et saep.; Verg. A. 2, 709; 751; 3, 711 et saep.; Juv. 6, 94), i, n. [root, Sanscr. par, pi-par-mi, to conduct, guide; Gr. peraô, to pierce; poros. a way through, passage; Lat. porta, portus, ex - perior, per-itus; cf. Germ. fahren, Gefahr], a trial, experiment, attempt, proof, essay (class.; cf. disorimen).

Lit.:

fac periculum in litteris,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 23:

miser est homo qui amat... Scio qui periclum feci,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 27:

priusquam periclum faceret,

Caes. B. G. 4, 21:

ex aliis,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 36:

alicujus fidei periculum facere,

to make trial of, to try, Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 34:

quā in re tute tui periculum fecisti,

id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 27: legionum, Auct. B. Afr. 79.—

Transf.

Concr., an attempt in writing, an essay:

faciunt imperite, qui in isto periculo non ut a poëtā, sed ut a teste, veritatem exigent (speaking of a poem in honor of Marius),

Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 4; Aus. Idyll. 10, 215.—

Risk, hazard, danger, peril (which acompanies an attempt;

the common signif. of the word): meo periclo rem gero,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 100:

tuo ego istaec dicam illi periculo,

id. ib. 4, 2, 17:

periculum facere,

to run a risk, id. ib. 1, 1, 63:

si ei subito sit allatum periculum discrimenque patriae,

Cic. Off. 1, 43, 154:

salus sociorum summum in periculum ac discrimen vocatur,

id. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12:

discriminum et periculorum comites,

id. N. D. 2, 66, 166:

obire pericula ac labores,

Liv. 1, 54:

periculum adire capitis,

to run the risk of one's life, Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:

in periculo animarum suarum,

Vulg. 1 Par. 11, 19:

subire pro amico,

Cic. Part. 19, 66:

suscipere,

to take upon one's self, id. Mur. 36, 76:

ingredi,

id. ib. 2, 4:

conflare alicui,

to cause, occasion, id. Sull. 4, 13:

intendere in aliquem,

id. Rosc. Am. 3, 7:

intendere alicui,

id. Att. 2, 19, 1:

mortis alicui inicere,

id. Caecin. 29, 83:

facessere innocenti,

id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45:

facere alicui,

Sall. C. 33, 1; cf.:

ego nihil facio tibi periculi,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 7:

creare alicui,

Cic. Att. 22, 2:

comparare alicui,

id. Fl. 38, 96:

moliri optimis civibus,

id. Sest. 1, 1:

amici depellere,

id. Clu. 6, 8:

subterfugere,

id. Fam. 15, 1, 4:

adducta est res in maximum periculum et extremum paene discrimen,

id. Phil. 7, 1, 1:

se in periculum capitis atque in vitae discrimen inferre,

id. Balb. 10, 25:

arcessere aliquem in summum capitis periculum,

id. Rab. Perd. 9, 26:

includere in periculum,

id. Clu. 55, 155:

in periculum se committere,

to get into danger, id. Inv. 2, 8, 37:

eripere ex periculo,

id. Clu. 26, 70:

extrahere ex periculo,

to release from danger, id. Sest. 4, 11:

rem publicam a periculo prohibere,

id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

liberare periculis,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

res in periculo vertitur,

the affair becomes perilous, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 12:

esse in periculo,

Cic. Fam. 4, 15, 2:

in periculo versari,

id. Rab. Post. 9, 23:

a securi negat ei periculum esse,

that danger threatens him, id. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:

periculum est, ne,

there is danger that, id. Tusc. 5, 40, 118; so id. Verr. 1, 11, 32: periculo meo, tuo, suo, at my, your, his risk:

meo periculo,

id. Sest. 52, 111:

crede audacter meo periculo,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 51:

meo periculo rem gero,

id. Bacch. 4, 4, 100; id. As. 2, 4, 51:

des ei nummos fide et periculo meo,

Dig. 46, 1, 24:

navem sumptu periculoque suo armatam mittere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 20, § 50; id. Fl. 17, 41:

rem periculi sui facere,

to do a thing at one's own risk, Dig. 23, 5, 16: bono periculo, safely, without danger (post-class.), App. Mag. p. 320, 16.—

In partic.

A trial, action, suit at law (class.):

meus labor in privatorum periculis caste integreque versatus,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 2:

aliquem in periculis defendere,

Nep. Phoc. 2, 3.—

A writ of judgment, a sentence:

unum ab iis petivit, ut in periculo suo inscriberent, etc.,

Nep. Ep. 8:

pericula magistratuum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79, § 183.—

A sickness, attack of sickness (post-Aug.):

in acutis vero periculis nullis dandum est vinum,

Plin. 23, 1, 24, § 48.—

Ruin, destruction (postclass.):

tremefactae nutant usque ad periculum civitates,

Arn. 1, 4.

prōnus, a, um (archaic form of fem. pronis, Varr. ap. Non. 494 fin.), adj. [like Gr. pranês = prênês, from root pra-, pro; cf. prae).

Lit., turned forward, bent or inclined, leaning or hanging forward, stooping, bending down (class.; opp. supinus; cf. cernuus).

Of living beings:

puerum imponere equo pronum in ventrem,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 13:

pronus pendens in verbera,

leaning forward to strike, Verg. A. 10, 586:

ipsum Pronum sterne solo,

id. ib. 11, 485:

pronus magister Volvitur in caput,

id. ib. 1, 115:

pecora, quae natura prona finxit,

Sall. C. 1, 1; Ov. M. 8, 379.— Poet., of those running swiftly, Ov. M. 10, 652:

leporem pronum catulo sectare sagaci,

flying swiftly, id. R. Am. 201.—

Of things, bending forward or downward, going or inclined downward:

ilex paulum modo prona, dein flexa,

Sall. J. 93, 4:

prona ac fastigiata tigna,

Caes. B. G. 4, 17:

pronae atque vergentes ampullae,

Plin. Ep. 4, 30, 6:

demissus inde pronusque pulvinus,

id. ib. 5, 6, 16:

(urbs) prona in paludes,

sinking down, Liv. 4, 59:

crateres,

overturned, Stat. Th. 5, 255:

motus corporis,

Cic. Div. 1, 53, 120:

cubitus,

Plin. 28, 4, 14, § 54:

prona via,

steep, Ov. M. 2, 67:

amnis,

Verg. G. 1, 203:

rivi,

Hor. C. 1, 29, 11:

currus,

Ov. M. 5, 424. — Absol.:

nihil habent proni et supera semper petunt,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

per pronum ire,

downwards, Sen. Ep. 123, 14:

per prona voluti,

Sil. 15, 235.—

In partic.

Of the heavenly bodies, of time, etc., setting, sinking, declining ( poet.):

pronus Orion,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 18:

sidera,

Prop. 1, 16, 23:

Titan,

Ov. M. 11, 257:

dies,

Stat. Th. 2, 41:

menses (=celeriter praetereuntes),

Hor. C. 4, 6, 39:

anni,

id. A. P. 60.—

Of localities, turned, looking, or lying towards (postAug.).

With dat.:

loca Aquiloni prona,

Col. 3, 2, 6:

aedificii solum pronius orienti,

situated more to the east, id. 1, 5, 8.—

With ad:

campo patente et ad solem prono,

Col. 2, 9, 3.—

Trop., inclined, disposed, prone to any thing (class.); usu. constr. with ad, in aliquid, or dat.; poet. also with gen.

In gen.

With ad:

rei publicae genus inclinatum et quasi pronum ad perniciosissimum statum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 26, 47:

anxitudo prona ad luctum,

id. ib. 2, 41, 68 (from Non. 72, 31):

boves ad domandum proni,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2:

pronus ad omne nefas,

Luc. 6, 147:

pronus ad cujusque necem,

Suet. Vit. 14:

ad poëticam,

id. Ner. 50:

ad simultates,

Plin. Pan. 84.— Sup.: ad indulgentias pronissimus, Capit. Anton. 10, 8.—

With in and acc.:

in obsequium plus aequo pronus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 10:

in libidines,

Suet. Caes. 50:

saeculum in omnia mala,

Flor. 4, 12.—Prov.:

prona est timori semper in pejus fides,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 316. —

With dat.:

pronus deterioribus,

Tac. Agr. 41 fin.—Comp.:

aures offensioni proniores,

Tac. A. 4, 29 fin. —

With gen. ( poet.):

ruendi In ferrum mens prona viris,

Luc. 1, 461.— Comp.:

unus audendi pronior,

Claud. Ruf. 2, 400.—

In partic.

Inclined to favor, favorable to any thing (post-Aug.).

With dat.:

si modo prona bonis invicti Caesaris assint Numina,

Stat. S. 4, 8, 61.— Comp.:

cohors Cn. Dolabellae pronior,

Suet. Galb. 12.—

With in and acc.:

prona in eum aula Neronis,

Tac. H. 1, 13.— Comp.:

ut quis misericordiā in Germanicum pronior,

Tac. A. 2, 73:

in verum nepotem,

Suet. Cat. 19.—

Absol.:

prona sententia,

Val. Fl. 8, 340:

pronis auribus accipere aliquid,

Tac. H. 1, 1; Luc. 5, 501.— Comp.:

quos pronior fortuna comitatur,

Vell. 2, 69, 6.—

Easy, without difficulty (mostly post - Aug.):

omnia virtuti suae prona esse,

Sall. J. 114, 2:

omnia prona victoribus,

Tac. Agr. 33:

pronum ad honores iter,

Plin. Ep. 8, 10, 3:

via ad regnum,

Just. 1, 5, 9: pronum est, it is easy:

agere memoratu digna pronum erat,

Tac. Agr. 1:

invitos praebere deos,

Luc. 6, 606:

facile et pronum est agere,

Juv. 9, 43.— Comp.:

id pronius ad fidem est,

is easier to believe, Liv. 21, 28.—Hence, adv.: prōnē, downwards, pronely (post-class.).

Lit., Paul. Petr. Vit. S. Mart. 4, 546.—

Trop., readily, willingly; comp. pronius, Amm. 30, 8, 10.

rēs, rei (rēi with e long; gen., Lucr. 2, 112; 548; 6, 918; dat., id. 1, 688; 2, 236; rei, gen., monosyl. at the end of the verse, Lucr. 3, 918;

and in the middle of the verse,

id. 4, 885, and Poët. ap. Lact. 6, 6), f. [ etym. dub.; perh. root ra- of reor, ratus; cf. Germ. Ding; Engl. thing, from denken, to think; prop., that which is thought of; cf. also logos, Lid. and Scott, 9], a thing, object, being; a matter, affair, event, fact, circumstance, occurrence, deed, condition, case, etc.; and sometimes merely = something (cf.: causa, ratio, negotium).

In gen.:

unde initum primum capiat res quaeque movendi,

Lucr. 1, 383; cf. id. 1, 536:

in partes res quaeque minutas Distrahitur,

id. 2, 826: summe Sol, qui omnes res inspicis, Enn. ap. Prob. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Trag. v. 321 Vahl.):

versus, quos ego de Rerum Naturā pangere conor,

Lucr. 1, 25; cf. id. 1, 126; 5, 54:

rerum natura creatrix,

id. 2, 1117:

divinarum humanarumque rerum, tum initiorum causarumque cujusque rei cognitio,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (v. divinus):

haeret haec res,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 182:

profecto, ut loquor, ita res est,

id. ib. 2, 1, 19:

haud mentior, resque uti facta dico,

id. ib. 2, 1, 23:

de Alcumenā ut rem teneatis rectius,

id. ib. prol. 110:

in tantis rebus (sc. in re publicā defendendā),

Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4 et saep.:

quo Averna vocantur nomine, id ab re Impositum est, quia sunt avibus contraria cunctis,

from the nature of the thing, Lucr. 6, 740; cf. id. 6, 424; Liv. 1, 17:

si res postulabit,

the condition of the case, Cic. Lael. 13, 44: scaena rei totius haec, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 3:

fugam in se nemo convertitur Nec recedit loco, quin statim rem gerat,

does his duty, stands his ground, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 84; so, res gerere, v. gero; hence, too, rerum scriptor, for a historian, v. scriptor, and cf. II. H. infra.—

With adj. of quality, to express condition, etc.:

illic homo a me sibi malam rem arcessit,

is bringing a bad business on himself, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 171; so,

res mala,

a wretched condition, Sall. C. 20, 13; and more freq. in plur.:

bonis tuis rebus meas res irrides malas,

circumstances, condition, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45; id. Rud. 3, 3, 12:

res secundae,

good fortune, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30; cf. Liv. 3, 9:

res prosperae,

Nep. Dion, 6, 1; id. Eum. 5, 1:

in secundissimis rebus,

Cic. Off. 1, 26, 91:

adversae res,

id. ib. 1, 26, 90; Hor. S. 2, 2, 136; 2, 8, 73:

res belli adversae,

Liv. 10, 6:

res dubiae,

Sall. C. 10, 2; 39, 3; Liv. 2, 50; 7, 30;

v. bonus, florens, salvus, adversus, dubius, novus, arduus, etc.— Freq. in curses, etc.: in malam rem,

go to the bad, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 37; id. And. 2, 1, 17:

malam rem hinc ibis?

id. Eun. 3, 3, 30.—

With an adj. in a periphrasis:

abhorrens ab re uxoriā,

matrimony, Ter. And. 5, 1, 10:

in arbitrio rei uxoriae,

dowry, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 61:

rem divinam nisi compitalibus... ne faciat,

a religious act, act of worship, a sacrifice, Cato, R. R. 5, 4:

bellicam rem administrari majores nostri nisi auspicato noluerunt,

Cic. Div. 2, 36, 76; Hor. C. 4, 3, 6:

erat ei pecuaria res ampla et rustica,

Cic. Quint. 3, 12: res rustica, agriculture:

rei rusticae libro primo,

Col. 11, 1, 2; id. 1, praef. §

19: liber, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

Cic. Sen. 15, 54:

navalis rei certamina,

naval battles, Amm. 26, 3, 5:

res militaris,

Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2:

rei militaris gloria,

id. Mur. 9, 22; Nep. Milt. 8, 4:

res frumentaria,

forage, Caes. B. C. 3, 16; id. B. G. 1, 23; 4, 7:

armatae rei scientissimus,

Amm. 25, 4, 7:

peritus aquariae rei,

id. 28, 2, 2:

res judicaria,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 31:

res ludicra,

play, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 180:

uti rebus veneriis,

Cic. Sen. 14, 47; Nep. Alc. 11, 4:

res Veneris,

Lucr. 2, 173; Ov. R. Am. 431; v. also familiaris, judiciaria, militaris, navalis, etc., and cf. II. G. infra. —

With pronouns or adjectives, as an emphatic periphrase for the neutr.:

ibi me inclamat Alcumena: jam ea res me horrore afficit,

this now, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 16; cf.: De. Estne hoc, ut dico? Li. Rectam instas viam:

Ea res est,

it is even so, id. As. 1, 1, 40:

de fratre confido ita esse ut semper volui. Multa signa sunt ejus rei,

of it, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 5: quos (melittônas) alii melittotropheia appellant, eandem rem quidam mellaria. Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 12:

sunt ex te quae scitari volo, Quarum rerum, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 13; cf. Caes. B. G. 3, 4:

quibus de rebus quoniam nobis contigit ut aliquid essemus consecuti,

Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13:

quā super re interfectum esse Hippotem dixisti? Pac. ap. Fest. s. v. superescit, p. 244: resciscet Amphitruo rem omnem,

every thing, all, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 30:

nulla res tam delirantes homines concinat cito,

nothing, id. Am. 2, 2, 96; cf.:

neque est ulla res, in quā, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9; cf.

also: sumptu ne parcas ullā in re, quod ad valetudinem opus sit,

id. Fam. 16, 4, 2:

magna res principio statim bello,

a great thing, a great advantage, Liv. 31, 23 fin.:

nil admirari prope res est una Solaque, quae, etc.,

the only thing, only means, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 1 et saep. — Emphatically with sup.:

scilicet rerum facta est pulcherrima Roma,

the most beautiful thing in the world, Verg. G. 2, 534; Quint. 1, 12, 16 Spald. p. 81. —

Of persons, etc.: est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:

maxime rerum,

Ov. H. 9, 107; cf.:

maxima rerum Roma,

Verg. A. 7, 602; Ov. M. 13, 508:

fortissima rerum animalia,

id. ib. 12, 502:

pulcherrime rerum,

id. H. 4, 125; id. A. A. 1, 213; id. M. 8, 49:

dulcissime rerum,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 4.—

In adverb. phrases:

e re natā melius fieri haud potuit,

after what has happened, Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8:

pro re natā,

according to circumstances, Cic. Att. 7, 8, 2; 14, 6, 1:

pro tempore et pro re,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

factis benignus pro re,

according to circumstances, Liv. 7, 33, 3; Sall. J. 50, 2:

pro re pauca loquar,

Verg. A. 4, 337; Lucr. 6, 1280:

ex re et ex tempore,

Cic. Fam. 12, 19, 3:

e re respondi,

Cat. 10, 8.

In partic.

Pregn., an actual thing, the thing itself, reality, truth, fact; opposed to appearance, mere talk, the mere name of a thing:

ecastor, re experior, quanti facias uxorem tuam,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 10:

desiste dictis nunc jam miseram me consolari: Nisi quid re praesidium apparas, etc.,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 21: rem ipsam loqui. Ter. And. 1, 2, 31:

rem fabulari,

Plaut. Trin 2, 4, 87:

nihil est aliud in re,

in fact, Liv. 10, 8, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.:

se ipsa res aperit,

Nep. Paus. 3, 7:

ex re decerpere fructus,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 79;

opp. verbum, vox, opinio, spes, nomen, etc.: rem opinor spectari oportere, non verba,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; cf.: te rogo, ut rem potiorem oratione ducas, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 5:

non modo res omnes, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus,

Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1:

qui hos deos non re, sed opinione esse dicunt,

id. N. D. 3, 21, 53:

Peripateticos et Academicos nominibus differentes, re congruentes,

id. Ac. 2, 5, 15:

quod nos honestum, illi vanum... verbis quam re probabilius vocant,

Quint. 3, 8, 22; Sen. Ep. 120, 9:

eum, tametsi verbo non audeat, tamen re ipsā de maleficio suo confiteri,

id. Rosc. Am. 42, 123; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 15:

vides quantum distet argumentatio tua ab re ipsā atque a veritate,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 44. — Hence, abl. sing., often strengthened by verā (sometimes as one word, reverā), in fact, really, in truth, indeed, in reality:

haec ille, si verbis non audet, re quidem verā palam loquitur,

Cic. Quint. 17, 56; so,

re quidem verā,

id. Clu. 19, 54; id. Sest. 7, 15:

re autem verā,

id. Fam. 1, 4, 2;

and simply re verā,

id. Quint. 2, 7; id. Div. 2, 54, 110; id. Balb. 3, 7:

re verāque,

Lucr. 2, 48; cf.:

et re verā,

indeed, in fact, Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1; Liv. 33, 11, 3; 35, 31, 12; 36, 6, 1; Nep. Ages. 2, 3; id. Phoc. 3, 3; Curt. 3, 13, 5; 4, 16, 19; Val. Max. 9, 13, ext. 1; Just. 5, 1, 8; 12, 13, 10; Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 1.—

Effects, substance, property, possessions:

mihi Chrysalus Perdidit filium, me atque rem omnem Meam,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 26; cf.: Ph. Habuitne rem? Ly. Habuit. Ph. Qui eam perdidit... Mercaturamne an venales habuit, ubi rem perdidit? id. Trin. 2, 2, 49 sq.:

quibus et re salvā et perditā profueram,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 27:

rem talentum decem,

id. Phorm. 2, 3, 46; Juv. 3, 16:

avidior ad rem,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51:

rem facere,

to make money, Cic. Att. 2, 2, 12:

res eos jampridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,

id. Cat. 2, 5, [p. 1576] 10:

qui duo patrimonia accepisset remque praeterea bonis et honestis rationibus auxisset,

id. Rab. Post. 14, 38:

libertino natum patre et in tenui re,

in narrow circumstances, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 20 et saep.; v. also familiaris.— In plur.: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 396 Vahl.):

privatae res,

Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5.—

Hence, law t. t., whatever may be the subject of a right, whether corporeal or incorporeal (v. Sandars, Introd. to Just. Inst. p. 42 sqq.):

res corporales,

Just. Inst. 2, 2, 1 sq.; Gai. Inst. 2, 12; Dig. 1, 8, 1:

res in patrimonio, res extra patrimonium,

Just. Inst. 2, 1 pr.; Gai. Inst. 2, 1:

res sanctae,

Just. Inst. 2, 1, 10; v. also mancipium, privatus, etc.—

Benefit, profit, advantage, interest, weal:

res magis quaeritur, quam, etc.,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 6:

melius illi consulas quam rei tuae,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 98:

haec tuā re feceris,

to your advantage, id. Capt. 2, 2, 46.— Most freq. with the prepositions in, ex, ob, ab, etc.:

quasi istic minor mea res agatur quam tua,

is interested, affected, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 113 (v. ago):

si in rem tuam esse videatur,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 2:

vide si hoc in rem deputas,

id. ib. 3, 3, 19:

quod in rem recte conducat tuam,

id. Capt. 2, 3, 26:

si in remst utrique,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 14:

quid mihi melius est, quid magis in rem est, quam? etc.,

useful, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 1:

tamen in rem fore credens universos adpellare,

Sall. C. 20, 1:

omnia quae in rem videbantur esse,

Curt. 6, 2, 21:

ad conparanda ea quae in rem erant,

Liv. 30, 4, 6:

imperat quae in rem sunt,

id. 26, 44, 7; 22, 3, 2:

ex tuā re non est, ut ego emoriar,

for your advantage, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102: An. Non pudet Vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, to the purpose, with advantage, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41: ob rem facere, usefully, with advantage or profit, Sall. J. 31, 5: subdole blanditur, ab re Consulit blandiloquentulus, contrary to his interest, i. e. to his injury, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12 Brix ad loc.:

haud id est ab re aucupis,

id. As. 1, 3, 71:

haec haud ab re duxi referre,

Liv. 8, 11, 1:

non ab re esse Quinctio visum est interesse, etc.,

id. 35, 32, 6; Plin. 27, 8, 35, § 57; Suet. Aug. 94; Gell. 18, 4, 6; 1, 26, 4; Macr. S. 1, 4, 19.—

Cause, reason, ground, account; only in the connection eā (hac) re, and eam ob rem, adverb., therefore, on that account:

eā re tot res sunt, ubi bene deicias,

Cato, R. R. 158, 2:

hac re nequeunt ex omnibus omnia gigni, Quod, etc.,

Lucr. 1, 172; cf.:

illud eā re a se esse concessum, quod, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 111:

patrem exoravi, tibi ne noceat, neu quid ob eam rem succenseat,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 39; cf.:

quoi rei?

for what purpose? id. As. 3, 2, 43; id. Poen. 2, 3, 3.—Hence (by uniting into one word) the causal adverbs quare and quamobrem, v. h. vv.—

An affair, matter of business, business:

cum et de societate inter se multa communicarent et de totā illā ratione atque re Gallicanā,

Cic. Quint. 4, 15:

rem cum aliquo transigere,

id. Clu. 13, 39. —

Hence, transf., in gen.: res alicui est cum aliquo,

to have to do with any one, Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Sest. 16, 37; id. Fam. 9, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 77; cf.:

famigeratori res sit cum damno et malo,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 182 Brix ad loc.— Also without a dat.:

quoniam cum senatore res est,

Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 3;

esp., in mal. part.: rem habere cum aliquo or aliquā,

to have to do with any one, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 35; id. Merc. 3, 1, 37; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 39; 58. —Ellipt.:

jam biennium est, quom mecum rem coepit,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 15. —

A case in law, a lawsuit, cause, suit (more gen. than causa):

ubi res prolatae sunt,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 10:

res agi,

id. Men. 4, 2, 19; id. Aul. 3, 4, 13:

quibus res erat in controversiā, ea vocabatur lis,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 93; cf.

(prob. in allusion to this legal form): tot homines... statuere non potuisse, utrum diem tertium an perendinum... rem an litem dici oporteret,

Cic. Mur. 12, 27; cf.

also: quarum rerum litium causarum condixit pater patratus, etc., an ancient formula,

Liv. 1, 32:

de rebus ab aliquo cognitis judicatisque dicere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118:

pecunias capere ob rem judicandam,

id. Fin. 2, 16, 54:

si res certabitur olim,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 27; 1, 10, 15; 1, 9, 41; id. Ep. 1, 16, 43:

tractu temporis futurum, ut res pereat,

Dig. 3, 3, 12:

rem differre,

ib. 43, 30, 3: res judicata dicitur, quae finem controversiarum pronuntiatione judicis accipit, ib. 42, 1, 1 et saep.—

An affair, esp. a battle, campaign, military operations; in phrase rem (or res) gerere:

res gesta virtute,

Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 66:

ut res gesta est ordine narrare,

Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 3:

his rebus gestis,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

res gerere,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33:

rem bene gerere,

id. ib. 1, 8, 1; Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:

comminus rem gerunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44:

res gestae,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 7; 2, 1, 251:

adversus duos simul rem gerere,

Liv. 21, 60:

rem male gerere,

Nep. Them. 3, 3; Hor. S. 2, 3, 74:

in relatione rerum ab Scythis gestarum,

Just. 2, 1, 1; cf.:

rem agere,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 4; id. A. P. 82:

ante rem,

before the battle, Liv. 4, 40:

cum Thebanis sibi rem esse existimant,

Nep. Pel. 1, 3; Cic. Sest. 16, 37.—

Acts, events, as the subject of narration, a story, history:

res in unam sententiam scripta,

Auct. Her. 1, 12, 20:

cui lecta potenter erit res,

Hor. A. P. 40; id. S. 1, 10, 57; id. Ep. 1, 19, 29:

in medias res auditorem rapere,

id. A. P. 148; 310:

agitur res in scaenis,

id. ib. 179; cf.:

numeros animosque secutus, non res,

id. Ep. 1, 19, 25; Phaedr. 5, 1, 12:

sicut in rebus ejus (Neronis) exposuimus,

Plin. 2, 83, 85, § 199:

litterae, quibus non modo res omnis, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus,

Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1:

res populi Romani perscribere, Liv. praef. § 1: res Persicae,

history, Nep. Con. 5, 4; id. Cat. 3, 2.—

Res publica, also as one word, respublica, the common weal, a commonwealth, state, republic (cf. civitas); also, civil affairs, administration, or power, etc.: qui pro republicā, non pro suā obsonat, Cato ap. Ruf. 18, p. 210; cf.:

erat tuae virtutis, in minimis tuas res ponere, de re publicā vehementius laborare,

Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3:

dummodo ista privata sit calamitas et a rei publicae periculis sejungatur,

id. Cat. 1, 9; cf.:

si re publicā non possis frui, stultum est nolle privatā,

id. Fam. 4, 9, 4:

egestates tot egentissimorum hominum nec privatas posse res nec rem publicam sustinere,

id. Att. 9, 7, 5 (v. publicus); Cato ap. Gell. 10, 14, 3: auguratum est, rem Romanam publicam summam fore, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45:

quo utiliores rebus suis publicis essent,

Cic. Off. 1, 44, 155:

commutata ratio est rei totius publicae,

id. Att. 1, 8, 4: pro republicā niti, Cato ap. Charis. p. 196 fin.:

merere de republicā,

Plaut. Am. prol. 40:

de re publicā disputatio... dubitationem ad rem publicam adeundi tollere, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

oppugnare rem publicam,

id. Cael. 1, 1; id. Har. Resp. 8, 15; id. Sest. 23, 52:

paene victā re publicā,

id. Fam. 12, 13, 1:

delere rem publicam,

id. Sest. 15, 33; Lact. 6, 18, 28.—Esp. in the phrase e re publicā, for the good of the State, for the public benefit:

senatūs consultis bene et e re publicā factis,

Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 30:

ea si dicam non esse e re publicā dividi,

id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; id. Mil. 5, 14; Liv. 8, 4, 12; 25, 7, 4; 34, 34, 9; Suet. Rhet. 1 init. —Post-class. and rare, also ex republicā, Gell. 6, 3, 47; 11, 9, 1;

but exque is used for euphony (class.): id eum recte atque ordine exque re publicā fecisse,

Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36; 10, 11, 26.— In plur.:

eae nationes respublicas suas amiserunt, C. Gracch. ap. Fest. s. h. v. p. 286 Müll.: hoc loquor de tribus his generibus rerum publicarum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44:

circuitus in rebus publicis commutationum,

id. ib. 1, 29, 45 et saep.—

Sometimes simply res, the State (in the poets, and since the Aug. per. in prose): unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 24, 84 (Ann. v. 313 Vahl.):

hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam sistet,

Verg. A. 6, 858; cf.:

nec rem Romanam tam desidem umquam fuisse,

Liv. 21, 16; 1, 28:

parva ista non contemnendo majores nostri maximam hanc rem fecerunt,

id. 6, 41 fin.:

Romana,

Hor. C. S. 66; id. Ep. 1, 12, 25; Ov. M. 14, 809; Sall. C. 6, 3; cf.:

ut paulo ante animum inter Fidenatem Romanamque rem ancipitem gessisti,

Liv. 1, 28 fin.:

Albana,

id. 1, 6.— In plur.:

res Asiae evertere,

Verg. A. 3, 1:

custode rerum Caesare,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 17; cf.:

res sine discordiā translatae,

Tac. H. 1, 29; so (also in Cic.), rerum potiri, v. potior. —

Res novae, political changes, a revolution, etc.; v. novus.

sisto, stĭti (Charis. p. 220, and Diom. p. 369, give steti for both sisto and sto, confining stiti to the compounds of both. But steti, as perfect of sisto, is late jurid. Lat., and perh. dub.;

for steterant,

Verg. A. 3, 110;

steterint,

id. ib. 3, 403; Liv. 8, 32, 12, belong to stare; cf. also Gell. 2, 14, 1 sqq.; and v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 461 sq.), stătum [root stă, strengthened by reduplication; cf. histêmi], used in two general senses, I. To cause to stand, place, = colloco, pono; II. To stand, be placed, = sto.

Sistere, in gen., = collocare (in class. prose only in the partic. uses, v. A. 4. C. and D., infra).

Causative, with acc.

To place = facere ut stet; constr. with in and abl., with abl. alone, and with ad, super, etc., and acc.:

O qui me gelidis in vallibus Haemi Sistat,

Verg. G. 2, 489:

tertia lux classem Cretaeis sistet in oris,

id. A. 3, 117 (classis stat;

v. sto): inque tuo celerem litore siste gradum,

Ov. H. 13, 102 (cf. infra, III. 2. A.):

jaculum clamanti (al. clamantis) sistit in ore,

plants the dart in his face, Verg. A. 10, 323:

disponit quas in fronte manus, medio quas robore sistat,

Stat. Th. 7, 393:

(equum ligneum) sacratā sistimus arā,

Verg. A. 2, 245:

aeternis potius me pruinis siste,

Stat. Th. 4, 395: ut stata (est) lux pelago, as soon as light was set ( shone) on the sea, id. ib. 5, 476:

victima Sistitur ante aras,

Ov. M. 15, 132:

quam (suem) Aeneas ubi... sistit ad aram,

Verg. A. 8, 85:

post haec Sistitur crater,

Ov. M. 8, 669: vestigia in altero (monte) sisti (non posse), that no footprints can be placed ( made) on the other mountain, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211:

cohortes expeditas super caput hostium sistit,

Tac. H. 3, 77; cf. id. A. 12, 13; Stat. Th. 4, 445; Sil. 4, 612. —

To place, as the result of guidance or conveyance; hence, to convey, to send, lead, take, conduct to, = facere ut veniat; constr. with in and abl., with abl. alone, and with advv. of place: officio meo ripā sistetur in illā Haec, will be carried by me to, etc., Ov. M. 9, 109:

terrā sistēre petitā,

id. ib. 3, 635:

(vos) facili jam tramite sistam,

Verg. A. 6, 676:

ut eum in Syriā aut Aegypto sisterent orabat,

to convey him to, Tac. H. 2, 9.—So with hic (= in with abl.) or huc (= in with acc.):

hic siste patrem,

Sen. Phoen. 121:

Annam huc siste sororem,

Verg. A. 4, 634.—

To place an army in order of battle, draw up, = instruere:

aciem in litore sistit,

Verg. A. 10, 309; cf.:

sistere tertiam decimam legionem in ipso aggere jubet,

Tac. H. 3, 21.—

Se sistere = to betake one's self, to present one's self, to come (so twice in Cicero's letters):

des operam, id quod mihi affirmasti, ut te ante Kal. Jan., ubicumque erimus, sistas,

Cic. Att. 3, 25:

te vegetum nobis in Graeciā sistas,

id. ib. 10, 16, 6 (cf. infra, E.):

hic dea se primum rapido pulcherrima nisu Sistit,

Verg. A. 11, 853.—

With two acc. (cf.: praesto, reddo) = to cause to be in a certain condition, to place, etc.; often with dat. of interest (ante- and post-class., and poet.; cf.

supra, 4.): ego vos salvos sistam,

I will place you in safety, see you to a safe place, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 5:

omnia salva sistentur tibi,

all will be returned to you in good order, id. ib. 5, 3, 3; so,

suam rem sibi salvam sistam,

id. Poen. 5, 2, 123; cf.:

rectius tacitas tibi res sistam, quam quod dictum est mutae mulieri,

will keep your secrets, id. ib. 4, 2, 54:

neque (dotem) incolumem sistere illi, et detraxe autument,

that you deliver it entire to her, id. Trin. 3, 3, 15:

cum te reducem aetas prospera sistet,

Cat. 64, 238: tu modo servitio vacuum me siste (= praesta) superbo, set me free from, Prop. 4, 16 (3, 17), 42:

tutum patrio te limine sistam,

will see you safe home, Verg. A. 2, 620:

praedā onustos triumphantesque mecum domos reduces sistatis,

Liv. 29, 27, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.:

Pelasgis siste levem campum,

Stat. Th. 8, 328:

modo se isdem in terris victorem sisterent,

Tac. A. 2, 14:

operā tuā sistas hunc nobis sanum atque validum,

give him back to us, safe and sound, Gell. 18, 10, 7: ita mihi salvam ac sospitem rempublicam sistere in suā sede liceat, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 28.—

Neutr, with double nom., = exsistere, to be, to become: judex extremae sistet vitaeque necisque, he will become a judge, etc., Manil. 4, 548 (dub.):

tempora quod sistant propriis parentia signis,

id. 3, 529 (dub.; al. sic stant; cf. infra, II.).—

As neuter verb, to stand, rest, be placed, lie ( poet.);

constr. like sto: ne quis mihi obstiterit obviam, nam qui obstiterit, ore sistet,

will lie on his face, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 13 Brix ad loc.: (nemo sit) tantā gloriā... quin cadat, quin capite sistat, will be placed or stand on his head, id. Curc. 2, 3, 8:

ibi crebro, credo, capite sistebant cadi,

id. Mil. 3, 2, 36 Lorenz (Brix, hoc illi crebro capite):

ipsum si quicquam posse in se sistere credis,

to rest upon itself, Lucr. 1, 1057:

neque posse in terrā sistere terram,

nor can the earth rest upon itself, id. 2, 603:

at conlectus aquae... qui lapides inter sistit per strata viarum,

id. 4, 415:

incerti quo fata ferant, ubi sistere detur,

to rest, to stay, Verg. A. 3, 7; cf.:

quaesitisque diu terris, ubi sistere detur,

Ov. M. 1, 307. —

As jurid. term.

In both a causative and neuter sense = to produce in court, or to appear in court after being bound over by the judge or by promise to the adversary (vadimonium); constr. either absol. or with the dat. of the adversary to whom the promise is made (alicui sisti), to appear upon somebody's demand; also, in judicio sisti. The present active is either used reflexively (se sistere = to appear), or with a transitive object (sistere aliquem = to produce in court one in whose behalf the promise has been made). The present passive, sisti, sistendus, sistitur, = to appear or to be produced. The perfect act., stiti, stitisse, rarely the perfect passive, status sum, = to have appeared, I appeared. So in all periods of the language:

cum autem in jus vocatus fuerit adversarius, ni eo die finitum fuerit negotium, vadimonium ei faciendum est, id est ut promittat se certo die sisti,

Gai. 4, 184:

fit ut Alfenus promittat, Naevio sisti Quinctium,

that Quinctius would be forthcoming upon Naevius's complaint, Cic. Quint. 21, 67; cf. id. ib. 8, 30 (v. infra, B.):

testificatur, P. Quinctium non stitisse, et se stitisse,

id. ib. 6, 25:

quin puellam sistendam promittat (= fore ut puella sistatur in judicio),

Liv. 3, 45, 3:

interrogavit quisquam, in quem diem locumque vadimonium promitti juberet, et Scipio manum ad ipsam oppidi, quod obsidebatur, arcem protendens: Perendie sese sistant illo in loco,

Gell. 7, 1, 10:

si quis quendam in judicio sisti promiserit, in eādem causā eum debet sistere,

Dig. 2, 11, 11:

si servum in eādem causā sistere promiserit, et liber factus sistatur,... non recte sistitur,

ib. 2, 9, 5:

sed si statu liberum sisti promissum sit, in eādem causā sisti videtur, quamvis liber sistatur,

ib. 2, 9, 6:

cum quis in judicio sisti promiserit, neque adjecerit poenam si status non esset,

ib. 2, 6, 4:

si quis in judicio secundum suam promissionem non stitit,

ib. 2, 11, 2, § 1; cf. ib. 2, 5, 1; 2, 8, 2; 2, 11, 2, § 3.—

Vadimonium sistere, to present one's self in court, thus keeping the solemn engagement (vadimonium) made to that effect; lit., to make the vadimonium stand, i. e. effective, opp. deserere vadimonium = not to appear, to forfeit the vadimonium. The phrase does not occur in the jurists of the Pandects, the institution of the vadimonium being abolished by Marcus Aurelius. It is found in the following three places only: quid si vadimonium capite obvoluto stitisses? Cat. ap. Gell. 2, 14, 1: ut Quinctium sisti Alfenus promitteret. Venit Romam Quinctius;

vadimonium sistit,

Cic. Quint. 8, 30:

ut nullum illa stiterit vadimonium sine Attico,

Nep. Att. 9; Gai. 4, 185; cf. diem sistere under status, P. a. infra.—

Transf., out of judicial usage, in gen., = to appear or present one's self, quasi ex vadimonio; constr. absol. or with dat. of the person entitled to demand the appearance:

ubi tu es qui me vadatus's Veneriis vadimoniis? Sisto ego tibi me, et mihi contra itidem ted ut sistas suadeo (of a lover's appointment),

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 5; so,

tibi amatorem illum alacrem vadimonio sistam,

produce, App. M. 9, p. 227, 14:

nam promisimus carnufici aut talentum magnum, aut hunc hodie sistere,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 73:

vas factus est alter ejus sistendi, ut si ille non revertisset, moriendum esset sibi,

Cic. Off. 3, 10, 45. —

Fana sistere, acc. to Festus anciently used, either = to place ( secure and fix places for) temples in founding a city, or to place the couches in the lectisternia:

sistere fana, cum in urbe condendā dicitur, significat loca in oppido futurorum fanorum constituere: quamquam Antistius Labeo, in commentario XV. juris pontificii ait fana sistere esse lectisternia certis locis et diebus habere,

Fest. p. 267 Lind. To this usage Plaut. perh. alludes:

apud illas aedis sistendae mihi sunt sycophantiae,

the place about that house I must make the scene of my tricks, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 25.—

Sistere monumenta, etc., or sistere alone, to erect statues, etc. (= statuere; post-class. and rare;

mostly in Tac.): ut apud Palatium effigies eorum sisteret,

Tac. A. 15, 72:

cum Augustus sibi templum sisti non prohibuisset,

id. ib. 4 37:

at Romae tropaea de Parthis arcusque sistebantur,

id. ib. 15, 18:

monuere ut... templum iisdem vestigiis sisteretur,

id. H. 4, 53:

sistere monumenta,

Aus. Ep. 24, 55: Ast ego te... Carthaginis arce Marmoreis sistam templis (cf. histanai tina), Sil. 8, 231; v. statuo.

Sistere = to cause what is tottering or loose to stand firm, to support or fasten; and neutr., to stand firm.

Causative (rare;

perh. not in class. prose) = stabilire: sucus... mobilis (dentes) sistit,

Plin. 20, 3, 8, § 15; and trop.: hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam magno turbante tumultu Sistet (cf.: respublica stat;

v. sto),

Verg. A. 6, 858; cf.:

non ita civitatem aegram esse, ut consuetis remediis sisti posset,

Liv. 3, 20, 8 (where sisti may be impers.; v. infra, III. C.).—

Neutr., to stand firm, to last, = stare:

nec mortale genus, nec divum corpora sancta Exiguom possent horai sistere tempus,

Lucr. 1, 1016: qui rem publicam sistere negat posse, nisi ad equestrem ordinem judicia referantur, Cotta ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 96, § 223.—

Neutr., to stand firm, to resist:

nec quicquam Teucros Sustentare valet telis, aut sistere contra,

Verg. A. 11, 873; so with dat. = resistere:

donec Galba, inruenti turbae neque aetate neque corpore sistens, sella levaretur,

Tac. H. 1, 35; cf. sisti = resistere, III. B. 1. f. infra.

Sistere = to stand still, and to cause to stand still.

Neutr. = stare (rare; in Varr., Tac., and the poets).

To stand still:

solstitium dictum est quod sol eo die sistere videatur,

Varr. L. L. 5, p. 53 (Bip.):

sistunt amnes,

Verg. G. 1, 479:

incurrit, errat, sistit,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 248.—

To remain, stop:

Siste! Quo praeceps ruis?

Sen. Thyest. 77; id. Oedip. 1050:

vis tu quidem istum intra locum sistere?

will you remain in that position? Tac. A. 4, 40.—

Trop., to stop, not to go any farther:

depunge, ubi sistam,

Pers. 6, 79:

nec in Hectore tracto sistere,

to stop at the dragging of Hector, Stat. Achill. 1, 7.—

To cease (dub.):

hactenus sistat nefas' pius est,

if his crime ceases here, he will be pious, Sen. Thyest. 744 (perh. act., to stop, end).—

Causative (not ante-Aug.; freq. in Tac., Plin., and the poets).

To arrest, stop, check an advancing motion.

With gradum:

plano sistit uterque gradum,

arrest their steps, Prop. 5 (4), 10, 36; Verg. A. 6, 465:

siste properantem gradum,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 772:

repente sistunt gradum,

Curt. 4, 6, 14. —With pedem, Ov. R. Am. 80.—

With fugam, to stop, stay, check, stem, arrest the flight:

fugam foedam siste,

Liv. 1, 12, 5:

si periculo suo fugam sistere posset,

id. 30, 12, 1; so Curt. 8, 14, 37; 4, 16, 2; 8, 3, 2; Tac. A. 12, 39.—

Of vehicles, horses, etc.:

esseda siste,

Prop. 2, 1, 76:

equos,

Verg. A. 12, 355:

quadrijugos,

Stat. Achill. 2, 429; so id. Th. 5, 364.—

With iter, to arrest the advance of an army, to halt:

exercitus iter sistit,

Tac. H. 3, 50.—

With bellum, to halt (cf. infra, D.):

Aquilejae sisti bellum expectarique Mucianum jubebat,

Tac. H. 3, [p. 1712] 8.—

Of living objects, in gen.

To arrest their course, make them halt:

aegre coercitam legionem Bedriaci sistit,

Tac. H. 2, 23:

festinantia sistens Fata,

staying the hurrying Fates, Stat. S. 3, 4, 24.—So, se sistere with ab, to desist from:

non prius se ab effuso cursu sistunt,

Liv. 6, 29, 3; hence, to arrest by wounding, i. e. to wound or kill:

aliquem cuspide,

Sil. 1, 382; 1, 163; so,

cervum vulnere sistere,

id. 2, 78.—

To stop a hostile attack of persons, to resist them, ward them off:

ut non sisterent modo Sabinas legiones, sed in fugam averterent,

Liv. 1, 37, 3:

ibi integrae vires sistunt invehentem se jam Samnitem,

id. 10, 14, 18:

nec sisti vis hostium poterat,

Curt. 5, 3, 11:

nec sisti poterant scandentes,

Tac. H. 3, 71; 5, 21. —

Trop., to stop the advance of prices:

pretia augeri in dies, nec mediocribus remediis sisti posse,

Tac. A. 3, 52.—

To arrest the motion of fluids.

Of water:

sistere aquam fluviis,

Verg. A. 4, 489:

amnis, siste parumper aquas,

Ov. Am. 3, 6, 2:

quae concita flumina sistunt,

id. M. 7, 154:

sistito infestum mare,

calm, Sen. Agam. 523; cf. Ov. M. 7, 200; id. H. 6, 87; Plin. 28, 8, 29, § 118.—

Of blood and secretions:

(ea) quibus sistitur sanguis parari jubet,

Tac. A. 15, 54:

sanguinem,

Plin. 20, 7, 25, § 59; 28, 18, 73, § 239; 27, 4, 5, § 18:

haemorrhoidum abundantiam,

id. 27, 4, 5, § 19:

fluctiones,

id. 20, 8, 27, § 71, 34, 10, 23, § 105; 35, 17, 57, § 195:

nomas,

id. 30, 13, 39, § 116; 24, 16, 94, § 151:

mensis,

id. 23, 6, 60, § 112:

vomitiones,

id. 20, 20, 81, § 213:

alvum bubus,

id. 18, 16, 42, § 143:

alvum,

stop the bowels, id. 23, 6, 60, § 113; 22, 25, 59, § 126; 20, 5, 18, § 37:

ventrem,

id. 20, 23, 96, § 256; Mart. 13, 116.—

To arrest the motion of life, make rigid:

ille oculos sistit,

Stat. Th. 2, 539.—

To end, put an end to (= finem facere alicui rei); pass., to cease:

querelas,

Ov. M. 7, 711:

fletus,

id. ib. 14, 835:

lacrimas,

id. F. 1, 367; 480; 6, 154:

minas,

id. Tr. 1, 2, 60:

opus,

id. H. 16 (17), 266; id. M. 3, 153:

labores,

id. ib. 5, 490:

furorem,

Stat. Th. 5, 663:

furialem impetum,

Sen. Med. 157; id. Agam. 203:

pace tamen sisti bellum placet,

Ov. M. 14, 803:

antequam summa dies spectacula sistat,

id. F. 4, 387:

sitim sistere,

to allay, id. P. 3, 1, 18:

nec primo in limine sistit conatus scelerum,

suppresses, Stat. S. 5, 2, 86:

ruinas,

to stop destruction, Plin. Pan. 50, 4:

ventum,

to ward off, turn the wind, id. Ep. 2, 17, 17;

(motus terrae) non ante quadraginta dies sistuntur, = desinunt,

Plin. 2, 82, 84, § 198.—

Sistere with intra = to confine, keep within:

transgresso jam Alpes Caecina, quem sisti intra Gallias posse speraverant,

Tac. H. 2, 11:

dum populatio lucem intra sisteretur,

provided the raids were confined to day-time, id. A. 4, 48. —

Impers. and trop., to arrest or avoid an impending misfortune, or to stand, i. e. to endure; generally in the form sisti non potest (more rarely: sisti potest) = it cannot be endured, a disaster cannot be avoided or met (once in Plaut.; freq. in Liv.; sometimes in Tac.; cf., in gen., Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 720; Drak. ad Liv. 3, 16, 4; Weissenb. ad Liv. 2, 29, 8; Gronov. ad Liv. 4, 12, 6; Beneke ad Just. 11, 1, 6).

Without a subject, res or a noun of general import being understood:

quid ego nunc agam, nisi ut clipeum ad dorsum accommodem, etc.? Non sisti potest,

it is intolerable, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 94:

totam plebem aere alieno demersam esse, nec sisti posse nisi omnibus consulatur,

Liv. 2, 29, 8:

si domestica seditio adiciatur, sisti non posse,

the situation will be desperate, id. 45, 19, 3:

si quem similem priore anno dedissent, non potuisse sisti,

id. 3, 9, 8:

vixque concordiā sisti videbatur,

that the crisis could scarcely be met, even by harmonious action, id. 3, 16, 4:

qualicunque urbis statu, manente disciplinā militari sisti potuisse,

these evils were endurable, id. 2, 44, 10: exercitum gravi morbo affectari, nec sisti potuisse ni, etc., it would have ended in disaster, if not, etc., id. 29, 10, 1:

qui omnes populi si pariter deficiant, sisti nullo modo posse,

Just. 11, 1, 6 Gronov. ad loc.; cf. Liv. 3, 20, 8 supra, II. A. 1.— Rarely with a subject-clause understood: nec jam sisti poterat, and it was no longer tolerable, i. e. that Nero should disgrace himself, etc., Tac. A. 14, 14.—

Rarely with quin, to prevent etc. (pregn., implying also the stopping of something; cf.

supra, III. B. 1.): neque sisti potuit quin et palatium et domus et cuncta circum haurirentur (igni),

Tac. A. 15, 39.—Hence, stătus, a, um, P. a., as attribute of nouns, occurs in several conventional phrases, as relics of archaic usage.

Status (condictusve) dies cum hoste, in the XII. Tables, = a day of trial fixed by the judge or agreed upon with the adversary;

esp., a peregrinus (= hostis),

Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37. It presupposes a phrase, diem sistere, prob.=vadimonium sistere (v. supra, I. C. 2.). Such an appointment was an excuse from the most important public duties, even for soldiers from joining the army, Cinc. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4.—

Hence, transf.: si status condictus cum hoste intercedit dies, tamen est eundum quo imperant,

i. e. under all circumstances we must go, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 5.—

In certain phrases, appointed, fixed, regular (cf. statutus, with which it is often confounded in MSS.):

status dies: tres in anno statos dies habere quibus, etc.,

Liv. 39, 13, 8:

stato loco statisque diebus,

id. 42, 32, 2; so id. 5, 52, 2; 27, 23 fin.:

stato lustri die,

Sen. Troad. 781:

status sacrificii dies,

Flor. 1, 3, 16:

statum tempus, statā vice, etc.: lunae defectio statis temporibus fit,

Liv. 44, 37 init.; so id. 28, 6, 10:

stato tempore,

Tac. A. 12, 13; id. H. 4, 81; Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 173:

stata tempora (partus),

Stat. Achill. 2, 673:

adeo in illā plagā mundus statas vices temporum mutat,

Curt. 8, 19, 13; so id. 9, 9, 9; 5, 1, 23; so, feriae, etc.: feriae statae appellabantur quod certo statutoque die observarentur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 69 Lind.:

stata quinquennia,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 113:

stata sacra or sacrificia: stata sacrificia sunt quae certis diebus fieri debent,

Fest. p. 264 Lind.:

proficiscuntur Aeniam ad statum sacrificium,

Liv. 40, 4, 9; 23, 35, 3; 5, 46, 2; 39, 13, 8; Cic. Mil. 17, 45:

solemne et statum sacrificium (al. statutum),

id. Tusc. 1, 47, 113; so Liv. 23, 35, 3:

stata sacra,

Ov. F. 2, 528; Stat. Th. 1, 666:

stata foedera,

id. ib. 11, 380:

status flatus,

Sen. Ben. 4, 28:

stati cursus siderum,

Plin. 18, 29, 69, § 291 (different: statae stellae = fixed stars, Censor. D. N. 8, belonging to II. 2. supra): statae febres, intermittent fevers, returning regularly, Plin. 28, 27, 28, § 107.—

Moderate, average, normal:

inter enim pulcherrimam feminam et deformissimam media forma quaedam est, quae et a nimio pulcritudinis periculo et a summo deformitatis odio vacat, qualis a Q. Ennio perquam eleganti vocabulo stata dicitur...Ennius autem eas fere feminas ait incolumi pudicitia esse quae statā formā forent,

Gell. 5, 11, 12 -14 (v. Enn. Trag. p. 133 Vahl.).

sto, stĕti, stătum, 1 (scanned stĕtĕrunt, Verg. A. 2, 774; 3, 48; Ov. H. 7, 166; Prop. 2, 8, 10), v. n. [root sta-; Sanscr. sthā, sthalam, locus; Gr. sta-, histêmi, to set, place; statêr, weight; O. H. Germ. stām; Goth. standa; Engl. stand], to stand, in opposition to sitting, walking, or lying prostrate, to stand still, remain standing, stand upright.

Lit.

In gen.:

hos quos videtis stare hic captivos duos, Illi qui astant, hi stant ambo, non sedent,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 1 sq.; cf.:

cum virgo staret et Caecilia in sellā sederet,

Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104:

si iste ibit, ito: stabit, astato simul,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 74:

abi intro, noli stare,

id. Mil. 4, 3, 36; so (opp. ire) id. Merc. 3, 3, 21; id. Mil. 4, 2, 95; 4, 9, 10; id. Pers. 3, 3, 43; 4, 4, 50; Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 6; 3, 2, 12:

i: quid stas, lapis?

id. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:

ante aedes,

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 56; 1, 1, 250; 2, 2, 35; id. Truc. 2, 3, 14:

ante ostium,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 4; id. And. 3, 1, 17; id. Hec. 3, 4, 14; 5, 4, 14:

ante oculos,

Ov. Am. 1, 5, 17:

ad januam,

Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 353:

ad undam,

Verg. G. 4, 356:

orantem juxta,

Stat. Th. 11, 618:

hic foris,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 12:

hinc procul,

Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 1:

propter in occulto,

Cic. Clu. 28, 78; cf.:

qui proximi steterant,

Caes. B. G. 5, 35, 3:

propius,

Hor. A. P. 361:

sta ilico,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 18:

qui frequentissimi in gradibus concordiae steterunt,

Cic. Phil. 7, 8, 21:

stans pede in uno,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 10 et saep.—Of things:

ita statim stant signa,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 120:

quorum statuae steterunt in Rostris,

Cic. Phil. 9, 2, 4:

statua,

id. Div. 1, 34, 75:

signa ad impluvium, ad valvas Junonis,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 61:

stabat acuta silex,

Verg. A. 8, 233:

columna,

Hor. C. 1, 35, 14:

cerea effigies,

id. S. 1, 8, 32; cf. poet.:

aeneus ut stes,

id. ib. 2, 3, 183.— Pass. impers.: Ps. Statur hic ad hunc modum. Sim. Statum vide hominis, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 44: Gn. Quid agitur? Pa. Statur, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 40:

confecto munerum cursu moriar stando,

Amm. 24, 3, 7.—Prov.:

inter sacrum saxumque sto, nec quid faciam scio,

i.e. I am in a pinch, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 84; v. sacrum.—

In partic.

Pregn., to stand firm or immovable; to last, remain, continue: cui nec arae patriae domi stant; fractae et disjectae jacent, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 115 Vahl.):

nec domus ulla nec urbs stare poterit,

Cic. Lael. 7, 23:

stantibus Hierosolymis,

id. Fl. 28, 69:

ut praeter spem stare muros viderunt,

Liv. 38, 5:

urbem innoxiam stare incolumem pati,

id. 31, 31, 15:

hasta, quae radice novā, non ferro stabat adacto,

stuck fast, remained fixed, Ov. M. 15, 562:

missum stetit inguine ferrum,

id. ib. 5, 132; cf. id. ib. 5, 34;

8, 415: stat glacies iners,

Hor. C. 2, 9, 5:

aquae,

Ov. M. 4, 732:

longā stare senectā,

Sil. 3, 94:

cornus stetit inter tempora frontis,

id. 4, 142.—

To remain, tarry, linger any where (cf. moror):

paulisper stetimus in illā ganearum tuarum nidore atque fumo,

Cic. Pis. 6, 13:

hos quos video volitare in foro, quos stare ad curiam,

id. Cat. 2, 3, 5: cur non aut stantem comprehenderint, aut fugientem consecuti sint, remaining in the city, id. Cael, 28, 67;

so (opp. fugio),

id. Tusc. 2, 23, 54:

cum gladiis in conspectu senatus,

id. Phil. 2, 4, 8:

qui domi stare non poterant,

id. Fl. 6, 13:

(meretrix) olente in fornice stans,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 30; cf. Ov. Am. 1, 10, 21; Juv. 10, 239; cf.

of minerals not attracted by the magnet: pondere enim fretae partim stant, quod genus aurum,

Lucr. 6, 1058. —

In milit. lang.

To stand in the ranks or under arms, to fight:

quisque uti steterat, jacet obtinetque ordinem,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 86: ut sustinere corpora plerique nequeuntes arma sua quisque stantes incumberet, Sall. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 9, 229 (H. 3, 72 Dietsch):

cum milites a mane diei jejuni sub armis stetissent defatigati, Auct. B. Afr. 42, 3: primo haud impari stetere acie,

Liv. 26, 44:

in Asia totius Asiae steterunt vires,

id. 37, 58: in acie, Auct. B. Hisp. 28 fin.:

pars acie stabat, Auct. B. Afr. 51, 6: stetit acies in armis,

Sen. Phoen. 389; cf.:

stetit ordine certo Infelix acies,

Luc. 7, 2, 16.—

Pregn., to stand firm in fight, stand one's ground, maintain the contest (opp. abjecto scuto fugere), Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 54; cf.:

in acie stare ac pugnare (opp. in castra refugere),

Liv. 22, 60, 25:

Tarquiniensis, novus hostis non stetit solum, sed etiam ab suā parte Romanum pepulit,

id. 2, 6, 11:

comminus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 47:

inque gradu stetimus, certi non cedere,

Ov. M. 9, 43; cf.:

contra leonem,

Spart. Carac. 5.—

Transf., of a battle, to last, hold out, continue (a favorite expression of Livy):

ibi aliquamdiu atrox pugna stetit,

Liv. 29, 2:

diu pugna neutro inclinata stetit,

id. 27, 2:

ita anceps dicitur certamen stetisse,

id. 8, 38:

primo stetit ambiguā spe pugna,

id. 7, 7.—

Nautical t. t., to lie, to lie or ride at anchor:

ante hostium portus in salo stare,

Liv. 37, 16;

Auct. B. Afr. 62: naves regiae in sinu Maliaco,

Liv. 36, 20:

classis instructa in portu,

id. 37, 11:

classis in salo ad Leptim, Auct. B. Afr. 62, 4: litore puppes,

Verg. A. 6, 901.—

Of servants, to stand, wait, attend (very rare): neque pueri eximiā facie stabant, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 2:

sto exspectans, si quid mihi imperent,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 46:

ad cyathum et vinum,

Suet. Caes. 49; cf.:

ad pedes,

id. Galb. 22.—

Of buildings, cities, etc., to stand finished, be erected (mostly poet.):

intra annum nova urbs stetit,

Liv. 6, 4, 6:

jam stabant Thebae,

Ov. M. 3, 131:

moenia jam stabant,

id. F. 3, 181:

stet Capitolium Fulgens,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 42:

aedificant muros... Stabat opus,

Ov. M. 11, 205:

jam stare ratem,

Val. Fl. 1, 96.—

Of the countenance, to be unmoved, to be at rest ( poet.):

stat num quam facies,

Luc. 5, 214:

stant ora metu,

are rigid, Val. Fl. 4, 639; cf.:

cur ad patrios non stant tua lumina vultus,

Stat. Th. 10, 693.—

To stand up, stand upright, stand on end; to bristle up, stiffen, etc. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose): papillae, Lucil. ap. Non. 391, 26:

mammae,

Plin. 28, 19, 77, § 249:

steterunt comae,

Verg. A. 2, 774; 3, 48; Ov. M. 7, 631; cf. id. ib. 10, 425:

crines fulvi pulvere,

Stat. Th. 3, 326:

setae,

Ov. M. 8, 286:

in vertice cristae,

id. ib. 6, 672:

aristae,

id. ib. 10, 655:

stantes oculi,

prominent, Ov. F. 6, 133:

oculis rigentibus et genis stantibus,

fixed, Plin. 23, 1, 24, § 49. —In mal. part., Mart. 3, 73, 2; App. M. 2, p. 117, 39; Auct. Priap. 75, 2.—Rarely of fluids, to coagulate, stiffen:

sanguis stetit,

Sen. Oedip. 585.—

With abl., to stand out with, be thick with, full of any thing (mostly poet.): stant pulvere campi, Enn. ap. Porphyr. ad Hor. C. 1, 9, 1 (Ann. v. 592 Vahl.): cupressi Stant rectis foliis, id. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 2, 444 (Ann. v. 268 ib.): stat sentibu' fundus, Lucil. ap. Don. Ter. And. 4, 2, 16; Titin. ap. Non. 391, 21; so,

ager sentibus,

Caecil. ib. 391, 23:

vides ut altā stet nive candidum Soracte,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 1: caelum caligine stat, Sisenn. ap. Non. 392, 8:

pulvere caelum,

Verg. A. 12, 408:

pulvereo globo astra,

Stat. Th. 7, 124:

stant lumina (Charontis) flammā,

Verg. A. 6, 300:

stant pulvere Syrtes,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 257.

Trop.

In gen., to stand: mentes, rectae quae stare solebant, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 6, 16 (Ann. v. 208 Vahl.):

stetisse ipsum in fastigio eloquentiae,

Quint. 12, 1, 20.—

In partic.

Pregn., to stand one's ground, stand firm or unshaken; to endure, persevere, persist, abide, continue:

moribus antiquis res stat Romana virisque, Enn. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 2, 21 (Ann. v. 492 Vahl.): disciplinam militarem, quā stetit ad hanc diem Romana res, solvisti,

Liv. 8, 7:

res publica staret,

Cic. Phil. 2, 10, 24; cf. id. Cat. 2, 10, 21:

stante urbe et curiā,

id. Planc. 29, 71:

ut eo neglecto civitas stare non possit,

id. Cael. 1, 1:

utinam res publica stetisset, quo coeperat statu,

id. Off. 2, 1, 3:

qui illam (rem publicam) cadere posse stante me non putārant,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 2:

ut stante re publicā facere solebamus,

id. Off. 2, 1, 3:

neque enim aliter stare possemus,

id. Sest. 45, 97:

per quos homines ordinesque steterim, quibusque munitus fuerim, non ignoras,

id. Fam. 13, 29, 7; cf.:

eorum auxilio, qui me stante stare non poterant,

id. ib. 7, 2, 3:

respublica stetit virtute tuā,

Liv. 4, 40:

stetit regnum puero,

id. 1, 3:

dum stetimus,

Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 17:

stamus animis,

Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2:

stas animo,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 213:

Gabinium sine provinciā stare non posse,

could not hold out, subsist, Cic. Pis. 6, 12; cf. id. Fl. 6, 14; Suet. Oth. 5:

nedum sermonum stet honos,

Hor. A. P. 69.—Hence, nearly—esse, tantā stat praedita culpā (natura), Lucr. 5, 199:

pausam stare fragori,

id. 1, 747.—

(Acc. to its use as a milit. t. t., v. supra, I. B. 3.) To maintain the contest:

cum in senatu pulcherrime staremus,

Cic. Fam. 1, 4, 1.—

Stare in aliquā re, simply aliquā re, and post-class. also alicui rei, to stand firm, persist, persevere; to rest, abide, adhere to, continue in a thing.

In aliquā re:

si in fide non stetit,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 10, 28:

sin in eo non stat,

id. Att. 2, 4, 1:

stare oportet in eo, quod sit judicatum,

id. Fin. 1, 14, 47:

in sententiā,

Liv. 4, 44.—

With abl.:

eā omnes stant sententiā,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 35:

suis stare judiciis,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81:

censoris opinione,

id. Clu. 47, 132:

alicujus decreto,

Caes. B. G. 6, 13:

stare conditionibus,

Cic. Att. 7, 15, 2:

stare conventis,

id. Off. 3, 25, 95:

stare jurejurando,

Quint. 5, 6, 4:

nihil quo stat loco stabit, omnia sternet abducetque vetustas,

Sen. ad Marc. 26, 4.— Pass. impers.:

stabitur consilio,

Liv. 7, 35:

etsi priore foedere staretur,

id. 21, 19:

famā rerum standum est,

id. 7, 6.—

With dat.:

arbitri sententiae stare,

Dig. 4, 7, 23 fin.:

voluntati patris,

ib. 26, 7, 3; 36, 3, 6:

rei judicatae,

ib. 42, 1, 32:

emptioni,

ib. 19, 1, 13; ib. 4, 8, 27 (five times) et saep.—

Stat sententia, aliquid, or, impersonally, stat ( alicui), the determination stands or holds good; I ( thou, he, etc.) am determined: Pa. Vide quid agas. Ph. Stat sententia, Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 18:

Hannibal, postquam ipsi sententia stetit, pergere ire,

Liv. 21, 30:

stat sententia tradere mecum Dotalem patriam,

Ov. M. 8, 67:

modo nobis stet illud, unā vivere in studiis nostris,

Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 5:

stat pectore fixum, Aeetae sociare manus,

Val. Fl. 5, 289:

nos in Asiam convertemus: neque adhuc stabat, quo potissimum,

Cic. Att. 3, 14, 2:

mihi stat alere morbum,

Nep. Att. 21, 6:

quos ut seponi stetit,

Sil. 3, 68:

stat, casus renovare omnes,

Verg. A. 2, 750. —

In aliquā re, or simply aliquā re, to rest on, be fixed on, depend upon, etc.:

omnis in Ascanio stat cura parentis,

Verg. A. 1, 646:

regnum fraternā stare concordiā,

Liv. 45, 19:

quā (disciplinā) stetit Romana res,

id. 8, 7:

hac arte (i.e. bello) in patriā steti,

id. 5, 44, 2; Val. Fl. 3, 673; Verg. A. 2, 163:

magis famā quam vi stare res suas,

Tac. A. 6, 30:

apud quos virtute quam pecuniā res Romana melius stetit,

id. H. 2, 69 fin.:

famā bella stare,

Curt. 3, 8, 7.—

In theatr. lang., of plays and actors, to stand, i.e. to please, take, succeed:

quod si intellegeret, cum stetit olim nova (fabula), Actoris operā magis stetisse quam suā,

Ter. Phorm. prol. 9 sq.:

partim vix steti, id. Hec. prol. alt. 7: securus, cadat an recto stat fabula talo,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 176:

illi, scripta quibus comoedia prisca viris est, Hoc stabant, hoc sunt imitandi,

id. S. 1, 10, 17.—

Stare, ab, cum, or pro aliquo, or aliquā re, or with adv. loci, to stand by, on the side of, adhere to a person or thing, take the part of:

ut nemo contra civium perditorum dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causā steterit constantius,

Cic. Brut. 79, 273:

a se potius quam ab adversariis,

id. Inv. 1, 43, 81:

a mendacio contra verum,

id. ib. 1, 3, 4:

a contrariā ratione,

Auct. Her. 4, 2, 4:

cum di prope ipsi cum Hannibale starent,

Liv. 26, 41, 17; 5, 38:

stabat cum eo senatus majestas,

id. 8, 34, 1:

nobiscum adversus bar, baros,

Nep. Ages. 5, 4:

si pro meā patriā ista virtus staret,

Liv. 2, 12:

pro jure gentium,

id. 38, 25:

pro vobis adversus reges stetimus,

id. 45, 22, 10; 23, 8, 3 Fabri ad loc.:

pro Jubā atque Afris,

Quint. 11, 1, 80:

pro signis,

Ov. A. A. 1, 200:

quamvis duces non essent praesentes, staret tamen pro partibus invicta fortuna ultoris,

Flor. 4, 7, 10:

hic primo pro Pompei partibus, mox simulatione contra Pompeium stetit,

Vell. 2, 48, 4:

voluptas pro iisdem partibus standi,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 4, 1; cf.:

et dii quoque pro meliore stant causā,

Curt. 4, 1, 13:

hinc stas, illinc causam dicis,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 48:

unde stetisset, eo se victoria transferret,

Just. 5, 4, 12: non semper vostra evortet: nunc Juppiter hac stat, stands at your side, stands by you, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 263 Vahl.); imitated by Verg. A. 12, 565.—So with in:

Graeci, qui in Darei partibus steterant,

Curt. 3, 11, 18.—

Stare per aliquem, to stand to one's account, be chargeable or owing to one; to lie at one's door, be one's fault; followed by a negative consequence or effect, expressed by quin, [p. 1763] quominus, or ne.

With quin:

quoniam per eum non stetisset, quin praestaretur, etc.,

Liv. 2, 31, 11 Weissenb.ad loc.—

With quominus (freq.):

si poterit fieri, ut ne pater per me stetisse credat, Quominus haec fierent nuptiae, volo: sed si id non poterit, Id faciam in proclivi quod est, per me stetisse, ut credat,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 16 sq.:

Caesar ubi cognovit per Afranium stare, quominus proelio dimicaretur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 41:

graviter eam rem tulerunt, quod stetisse per Trebonium, quominus oppido potirentur, videbatur,

id. ib. 2, 13; so,

nec, quominus perpetua cum eis amicitia esset, per populum Romanum stetisse,

Liv. 8, 2, 2; 9, 14, 1; 6, 33, 2; 44, 14, 12.—

With ne:

ne praestaremus per vos stetit, qui, etc.,

Liv. 45, 23, 6:

non per milites stetisse, ne vincerent,

id. 3, 61, 2:

quasi per ipsum staret, ne redderetur,

Suet. Aug. 28.—Rarely without the negation; so with ut:

per quam (ignorantiam) stetit, ut tibi obligarer,

Plin. Ep. 10, 6 (22), 2; cf. Ter. And. 4, 2, 17 supra; absol.:

id est, non per me stetit, sed per illud,

Quint. 3, 6, 78; with subj.-clause:

si per eum non stetit, parere defuncti voluntati,

Dig. 32, 1, 36.—

Of price, to stand one in, to come to, to cost (mostly post-Aug.):

Periclum vitae meae tuo stat periculo,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 82:

Polybius scribit, centum talentis eam rem Achaeis stetisse,

Liv. 34, 50; cf.:

sit argumento tibi gratis stare navem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 48:

haud illi stabunt Aeneia parvo Hospitia,

Verg. A. 10, 494:

quae neque magno Stet pretio,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 122:

multo sanguine ac vulneribus ea Poenis victoria stetit,

Liv. 23, 30:

haud scio an magno detrimento certamen staturum fuerit,

id. 3, 60:

utrique vindicta libertatis morte stetit,

Vell. 2, 64, 3:

heu quanto regnis nox stetit una tuis?

Ov. F. 2, 812 et saep.:

nulla pestis humano generi pluris stetit,

Sen. Ira, 1, 2, 1.

put

A n Fin = put option.

B vtr ( p prés - tt- ; prét, pp put)

1 ( place) mettre [object] ; put them here please mettez-les ici s'il vous plaît ; to put sth on/under/around etc mettre qch sur/sous/autour de etc ; to put a stamp on a letter mettre un timbre sur une lettre ; to put a lock on the door/a button on a shirt mettre une serrure sur la porte/un bouton sur une chemise ; to put one's arm around sb mettre son bras autour de qn ; to put one's hands in one's pockets mettre les mains dans ses poches ; to put sth in a safe place mettre qch en lieu sûr ; to put sugar in one's tea mettre du sucre dans son thé ; to put more sugar in one's tea ajouter du sucre dans son thé ; to put more soap in the bathroom remettre du savon dans la salle de bains ;

2 ( cause to go or undergo) to put sth through glisser qch dans [letterbox] ; passer qch par [window] ; faire passer qch à [mincer] ; to put one's head through the window passer la tête par la fenêtre ; to put one's fist through the window casser la fenêtre d'un coup de poing ; to put sth through the books Accts faire passer qch dans les frais généraux ; to put sth through a test faire passer un test à qch ; to put sth through a process faire suivre un processus à qch ; to put sb through envoyer qn à [university, college] ; faire passer qn par [suffering, ordeal] ; faire passer [qch] à qn [test] ; faire suivre [qch] à qn [course] ; after all you've put me through après tout ce que tu m'as fait subir ; to put sb through hell faire souffrir mille morts à qn ; to put one's hand/finger to porter la main/le doigt à [mouth] ;

3 ( cause to be or do) mettre [person] ; to put sb in prison/on a diet mettre qn en prison/au régime ; to put sb on the train mettre qn dans le train ; to put sb in goal/in defence GB mettre qn dans les buts/en défense ; to put sb in a bad mood/in an awkward position mettre qn de mauvaise humeur/dans une situation délicate ; to put sb to work mettre qn au travail ; to put sb to mending/washing sth faire réparer/laver qch à qn ;

4 (devote, invest) to put money/energy into sth investir de l'argent/son énergie dans qch ; if you put some effort into your work, you will improve si tu fais des efforts, ton travail sera meilleur ; to put a lot into s'engager à fond pour [work, project] ; sacrifier beaucoup à [marriage] ; to put a lot of effort into sth faire beaucoup d'efforts pour qch ; she puts a lot of herself into her novels il y a beaucoup d'éléments autobiographiques dans ses romans ;

5 ( add) to put sth towards mettre qch pour [holiday, gift, fund] ; put it towards some new clothes dépense-le en nouveaux vêtements ; to put tax/duty on sth taxer/imposer qch ; to put a penny on income tax GB augmenter d'un pourcent l'impôt sur le revenu ;

6 ( express) how would you put that in French? comment dirait-on ça en français? ; how can I put it? comment dirai-je? ; it was-how can I put it-unusual c'était-comment dire-original ; that's one way of putting it! iron on peut le dire comme ça! ; as Sartre puts it comme le dit Sartre ; to put it simply pour le dire simplement ; to put it bluntly pour parler franchement ; let me put it another way laissez-moi m'exprimer différemment ; that was very well ou nicely put c'était très bien tourné ; to put one's feelings/one's anger into words trouver les mots pour exprimer ses sentiments/sa colère ; to put sth in writing mettre qch par écrit ;

7 ( offer for consideration) présenter [argument, point of view, proposal] ; to put sth to soumettre qch à [meeting, conference, board] ; to put sth to the vote mettre qch au vote ; I put it to you that Jur j'ai la présomption que ;

8 (rate, rank) placer ; where would you put it on a scale of one to ten? où est-ce que tu placerais cela sur une échelle allant de un à dix? ; to put sb in the top rank of artists placer qn au premier rang des artistes ; I put a sense of humour before good looks je place le sens de l'humour avant la beauté ; I put a sense of humour first pour moi le plus important c'est le sens de l'humour ; to put children/safety first faire passer les enfants/la sécurité avant tout ; to put one's family before everything faire passer sa famille avant tout ;

9 ( estimate) to put sth at évaluer qch à [sum] ; to put the value of sth at estimer la valeur de qch à [sum] ; I'd put him at about 40 je lui donnerais à peu près 40 ans ;

10 Sport lancer [shot] ;

11 Agric ( for mating) to put a heifer/mare to amener une génisse/jument à [male].

C v refl ( p prés - tt- ; prét, pp put) to put oneself in a strong position/in sb's place se mettre dans une position de force/à la place de qn.

I didn't know where to put myself je ne savais pas où me mettre ; I wouldn't put it past him! je ne pense pas que ça le gênerait! (to do de faire) ; I wouldn't put anything past her! je la crois capable de tout! ; put it there ○ ! ( invitation to shake hands) tope là! ; to put it about a bit ◑ péj coucher à droite et à gauche ◑ ; to put one over ou across GB on sb ○ faire marcher qn ○.

■ put about:

▶ put about Naut virer de bord ;

▶ put [sth] about, put about [sth]

1 ( spread) faire circuler [rumour, gossip, story] ; to put (it) about that faire courir le bruit que ; it is being put about that le bruit court que ;

2 Naut faire virer de bord [vessel].

■ put across:

▶ put across [sth], put [sth] across communiquer [idea, message, concept, case, point of view] ; mettre [qch] en valeur [personality] ; to put oneself across se mettre en valeur.

■ put aside:

▶ put aside [sth], put [sth] aside mettre [qch] de côté [money, article, differences, divisions, mistrust].

■ put away:

▶ put away [sth], put [sth] away