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21 ἵημι
A v.l. ἵεις S.El. 596, Castorio 2), ἵησι, [ per.] 3pl. ἱᾶσι, [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. ἱεῖσι; imper.ἵει Il.21.338
, E.El. 593 (lyr.); subj. ἱῶ; opt. ἱείην (also ἀφ-ίοιμι, X.HG6.4.3); inf. ἱέναι; part. ἱείς:—thematic forms of the [tense] pres. (as if from [full] ἱέω) are also found, esp. in compds., cf. μεθίημι, σύνιημι: also, as if from [full] ἵω, [ per.] 3sg. [tense] pres.ἵει A.R.4.634
, imper.ξύν-ιε Thgn.1240b
codd.: [tense] impf. [ per.] 3sg.ἵει Il.1.479
, [dialect] Dor. (Abu Simbel, vi B.C.); [ per.] 3pl. ,ἵεν Il.12.33
, ξύν-ιεν (v.l. -ιον) 1.273; also [ per.] 2sg. ; [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf. ἵεσκε ([etym.] ἀν-) Hes.Th. 157: [tense] fut.ἥσω Il.17.515
, etc.: [tense] aor. 1 ind.ἧκα Il.5.125
, etc., [dialect] Ep.ἕηκα 1.48
(mostly in compds.); [ per.] 3sg. subj.ᾗσι 15.359
; [ per.] 3sg. opt.εἵη 3.221
; inf. , [dialect] Ep.ἐξ-έμεναι Od.11.531
: [tense] pf. εἷκα, only in compds. ([etym.] ἀφ-, καθ-, παρ-, συν-), also ἕωκα ([etym.] ἀφ-) PCair.Zen.502.4 (iii B.C.), Hdn.Gr.2.236:—[voice] Med., [tense] pres.ἵεμαι Od.2.327
, etc.; also [ per.] 3pl.προ-ίονται PCair.Zen.151.4
(iii B.C.): [tense] impf. , etc.: [tense] fut. ἥσομαι ([etym.] μετ-) Hdt.5.35, ([etym.] προ-) D.1.12, ([etym.] ἐξαν-) E.Andr. 718: [tense] aor. 1 ἡκάμην (only in compds. προς-, προ-): [tense] aor. 2 εἵμην, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. ἕμην, of which we find εἷτο ([etym.] ἐφ-) S.Ph. 619, ([etym.] ἀφ-) X.Hier.7.11, ἕτο ([etym.] συν-) Od.4.76, ἕντο ([etym.] ἐξ-) Il.9.92, etc.; imper. ἕο ([etym.] ἐξ-) Hdt.5.39, οὗ ([etym.] ἀφ-) S.OT 1521; subj. ὧμαι ([etym.] συν-) Il.13.381; opt. εἵμην ([etym.] ἀφ-) Ar.Av. 628, or οἵμην ([etym.] προ-) Pl.Grg. 520c; inf. ἕσθαι ([etym.] προς-) Ar.V. 742; part. ἕμενος ([etym.] προ-) Th.6.78, Isoc.4.164, etc.:— [voice] Pass., [tense] fut. ἑθήσομαι ([etym.] ἀν-) Th.8.63: [tense] aor. εἵθην (only in compds. ἀφ-, καθ-, παρ-): [tense] pf. εἷμαι (only in compds.); also ἕωμαι in compds. ἀν-, ἀφ-, ἐφ- (q.v.): [tense] plpf. εἵμην (only in compds.).—Of the [voice] Pass. and [voice] Med. Hom. has only [tense] pres., [tense] impf., and [ per.] 3pl. [tense] aor. 2 [voice] Med. ἕντο.—For varieties peculiar to special compds., v. ἀν-, ἀφ-, ὑφ-ίημι. (Perh. cogn. with Lat. Ja-c-io or with Lat. sēmen:—[voice] Med. ἵεμαι prob. from ϝῑ-, cf.εἴσομαι 11
, Skt. véti (pl. vyánti) 'press forward, desire', Lat. vīs ([ per.] 2sg.), invitus.) [[pron. full] ῐ generally in Hom. and [dialect] Ep., [pron. full] ῑ in [dialect] Att.; sts. [pron. full] ῑ in Hom.,ἵει Il.16.152
, etc.;ἱεῖσαι Od.12.192
; also in inf. ἱέμεν, ἱέμεναι, part. ἱέμενος, etc.,ξυν-ῑετε Archil.50
: [pron. full] ῐ sts. in Trag., ῐησι A.Th. 309 (lyr.), ῐέντα ib. 493, ῐείς, ῐεῖσα, E.IT 298, IA 1101, Hec. 338; ; in Com., συνῐημι Ar.Av. 946 (s. v.l.), Strato Com.1.3: with variation of quantity, πλεῖστον οὖλον ἵει [pron. full] [ῐ], i)/oulon i(/ei [i ¯ ] Carm.Pop. 1.]:—release, let go,ἧκα.. πόδας καὶ χεῖρε φέρεσθαι Od.12.442
; ἧκε φέρεσθαι let him float off, Il.21.120; let fall, κὰδ δὲ κάρητος ἧκε κόμας made his locks flow down from his head, Od.6.231; [ἐθείρας] ἵει λόφον ἀμφί Il.19.383
; ἐκ δὲ ποδοῖιν ἄκμονας ἧκα δύω I let two anvils hang from his two legs, 15.19;ἐκ δ' ἄρα χειρὸς φάσγανον ἧκε χαμᾶζε Od.22.84
, cf. Il.12.205; ; ἧκαν ἑαυτούς let themselves go, X.An.4.5.18;ἵεσαν φυγῇ πόδα E.Rh. 798
.2 of sounds, utter,ὄπα Il.3.152
, Od.12.192;ἔπεα Il.3.221
;γλῶσσαν Hdt. 1.57
; Ἑλλάδα γλῶσσαν ἱ. to speak Greek, Id.9.16; Δωρίδα, Ἀττικὴν γλῶσσαν, Th.3.112, Sol.36.10;φωνὴν Παρνησίδα A.Ch. 563
;δύσθροα βάγματα Id.Pers. 636
(lyr.);ἐκ στηθέων ἄλγος Id.Th. 865
(lyr.);μέγαν κωκυτόν S.Aj. 851
, etc.; but πᾶσαν γλῶσσαν ἱ. to let loose every kind of speech, Id.El. 596; πᾶσαν ([etym.] τὸ λεγόμενον)φωνὴν ἱέντα Pl.Lg. 890d
; τὸ τᾶς εὐφάμου στόμα φροντίδος ἱέντες, i.e. speaking not in words, but in silent thought, S.OC 133 (lyr.); ἧκε abs. (sc. φωνήν), Plu.2.973e; of instruments,ἄλλα μέλη τῶν χορδῶν ἱεισῶν Pl.Lg. 812d
.3 throw, hurl, λᾶαν, βέλος, δόρυ, Od.9.538, Il.4.498, E.Rh. 63; ἱέναι (sc. τινά)πέτρας ἄπο E.HF 320
, cf. S.Tr. 273: c. gen. pers., to throw or shoot at one,ὀϊστόν τινος Il.13.650
;ἐπ' ἀλλήλοις ἵεσαν βέλεα Hes.Th. 684
: metaph.,ἐκ μαλθακᾶς φρενὸς ὀϊστοὺς ἱέντες Pi.O.2.90
.b abs., throw, shoot,τόσσον γὰρ ἵησιν Od.9.499
, cf.8.203, Il.17.515, Pl.Tht. 194a, etc.;ἄνω ἱέντες X.An.3.4.17
;δίσκοισιν τέρποντο.. ἱέντες Il.2.774
, al.: c. gen. objecti, τῶν μεγάλων ψυχῶν ἱείς shooting at great spirits, S.Aj. 154; ἐπὶ στόχον ( στοίχων codd.) at a mark, X. Ages.1.25: c. dat. instr.,ἵησι τῇ ἀξίνῃ Id.An.1.5.12
.4 of water, let flow, spout forth,ῥόον Il.12.25
; [Ἀξιὸς] ὕδωρ ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἵησι 21.158
; : abs., [ποταμὸς] ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἵησιν the river pours over the land, Od.11.239; [κρήνη] ἵησι 7.130
; of tears,δάκρυον ἧκε χαμᾶζε 16.191
; of fire or smoke,ἵει νᾶμα παμφάγου πυρός E.Med. 1187
; .5 send, of living beings, τίς γάρ σε θεῶν ἐμοὶ ἄγγελον ἧκε; Il.18.182;Αἰνείαν.. ἐξ ἀδύτοιο ἧκε 5.513
; of omens or portents,τοῖσι δὲ δεξιὸν ἧκεν ἐρῳδιόν 10.274
;ἔλαφον.. εἰς ὁδὸν αὐτὴν ἧκεν Od. 10.159
;τέρας 21.415
; generally of things,ἴκμενον οὖρόν τινι Il.1.479
, etc.II [voice] Med., speed oneself, hasten, freq.in part. with Advs.,πρόσω ἵεσθε Il.12.274
;ἐνθένδ' ἱέμην Ar.Eq. 625
; ἱ. Τροίηνδε, Ἔρεβόσδε, Od.19.187, 20.356: with Preps.,ἵεσθαι κατὰ τὴν φωνήν Hdt. 2.70
;πρός τινα Id.9.78
;δρόμῳ ἵεσθαι ἐς τοὺς βαρβάρους Id.6.112
; ; (lyr.);εἰς Κολωνόν Pherecr.134
; ἵ. ἐπί τινα spring upon, of the lion, Arist.HA 629b24: abs.,ἰδόντες ἱέμεσθα S.Ant. 432
; ἱέμενος ῥεῖ rushing, Pl.Cra. 420a, etc.2 metaph., to be eager, desire to do a thing, c. inf.,ἵετο γὰρ βαλέειν Il.16.383
;βαλέειν δέ ἑ ἵετο θυμός 8.301
;ἵετο θυμῷ τείσασθαι.. 2.589
: c. gen., to be set upon, long for a thing, in part., ἱέμενοι πόλιος, νίκης, 11.168, 23.371;νόστοιο Od.15.69
; (lyr.); ἱέμενος ποταμοῖο ῥοάων setting thyself toward, Od.10.529: abs. in part., ἱέμενός περ eager though he was, 1.6, etc. -
22 πλοῦτος
Grammatical information: m. (late also n.; Schwyzer 512).Compounds: Compp., e.g. πλουτο-δότης m. `who spends riches' (Hes.), καλλί-πλουτος `with beautiful riches' (Pi.).Derivatives: 1. πλούσ-ιος, Lac. πλούτιος (EM) `rich' (Hes., h. Merc.; Zumbach Neuerungen 13) with - ιακός `belonging to the rich' (Alex. Com.), - ιάω = πλουτέω (Alex. Aphr.). 2. πλουτ-ηρός `bringing riches' (X.); -ᾱξ, -ᾱκος m. `a rich fool' (Com.). 3. - ίνδην adv. `acc. to property' (Arist.). 4. πλουτ-έω `be rich' (Hes.); - ίζω `make rich, enrich' (trag., X.; κατα- πλοῦτος Hdt.) with - ιστής, - ιστήριος, ισμός (late). 5. Πλούτων, - ωνος m. god of reches, i.e. of the corn-provisions buried in the earth (trag.); on the motif of designation s. Nilsson Gr. Rel. I 471 ff.; acc. to. H. s. εὔπλουτον κανοῦν: " πλοῦτον γὰρ ἔλεγον την ἐκ τῶν κριθῶν καὶ τῶν πυρῶν περιουσίαν". 6. Πλουτεύς `id.' (Mosch., AP), prob. after Ζεύς; diff. Bosshardt 126.Etymology: Formation with το-suffix like the partly close νόστος, βίοτος, φόρτος; from πλέω in the sense `flow', so prop. "river, flood", first metaph. of a rich produce of corn (cf. above); so from * plou-to-. Diff. Porzig Satzinhalte 261: prop. "ford", of the inundation of the fields by the rain. -- Cf. the lit. on πένομαι.Page in Frisk: 2,563-564Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πλοῦτος
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23 σχάζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to make an incision, to tear open, to open a vein, to let (the blood) flow, to let something take its course, to release, to drop, to abandon' (Hp., X., Arist. etc.).Other forms: Also σχάω (Hp., com., Arist. a.o.), mostly aor. σχάσαι (Pi., B., Hp., E., com., X., Arist., hell. a. late) with pass. σχασθ-ῆναι, fut. pass. - ήσομαι, act. σχάσω, perf. midd. ἔσχασμαι (in ἐσχασμένη as plantname; Strömberg 43).Derivatives: 1. σχάσις ( ἀπό-, κατά-) f. `the tearing, blood-letting, release' (medic., Ph. Bel.). 2. σχάσμα ( κατά-) n. `incision, release' (Hp., Dsc., Ph. Bel.). 3. κατα-σχασμός m. `draft' (medic.). 4. σχαστήρ = Lat. tendicula (gloss.); κατασ[χ]αστήρ meaning unknown (IG 11: 2, 165, 11 [Delos IIIa]). 5. σχαστηρ-ία f. `trigger, release in mechanisms etc.' (Arist., Ph. Bel., Hero, Plb. etc.; Scheller Oxytonierung 58 n. 4); - ιον n. `lancet' ( Hippiatr.).Etymology: As orig. meaning is above assumed as usual `make an incision, tear open', from where `open, let loose etc.'; the word would be esp. characteristic for the language of the physician. Also a basic meaning `let loose, free v. t.' sceems however possible, while the usual professional expression φλέβα σχάσαι in MLG āderlāten `let (flow) from the vein' would get a direct agreement. -- As the whole formal system is clearly built on the aor. σχάσαι, from which σχάζω, σχάω as well as all other verbal and nominal forms, the etymolog has to start from this. A certain non-Greek agreement has not been found. Since Fick 1, 143 a. 567 σχάω is generally compared (Bq, WP. 2, 541 f., Pok. 919f., W.-Hofmann s. sciō) a.o. with Skt. chyati ( anu-, ava-, vi- etc.), ptc. chā-ta-, chi-tá-, caus. chāy-áyati (IE * skeh₂-, *skh₂i̯-) `split, hurt, esp. of the skin' (on the meaning Hoffmann Münch. Stud. 19, 61 ff., on phonetics Hiersche Ten. asp. 103 f., 214f.). To this semant. certainly unobjectionable connection it should be remarked, that of the Skt. verb non-present finite forms, e.g. the full grade s-aorist a-chā-s-it, occur only in the grammarians. The further combinations (s. the lit. above), e.g. with Lat. sciō, are no less hypothetic. -- So σχάσαι Greek innovation (perh. through cross of σχίσαι and ἐάσαι, χαλάσαι v.t.)? Note that σχ- cannot be directly explained from the assumed IE form.Page in Frisk: 2,835-836Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σχάζω
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24 ὀρός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `the watery part of curdled milk, the whey', also metaph. of other liquids (Od., Hp., Pl., Arist.).Etymology: Prop. oxytonized nom. ag. (as τροφός etc., Chantraine Form. 9 f.) with Ion. psilosis beside the nom. act. Lat. serum n. `id.' from a verb `run, flow', retained in Skt. sí-sar-ti, sár-ati, aor. á-sar-at ; so ὀρός prop. "the runner" (cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 316) and phonetically identical with Skt. sará- `flowing, liquid'. WP. 2, 497f., Pok. 909f., W.-Hofmann s. serum m. w. further forms a. lit.Page in Frisk: 2,425Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀρός
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25 ξηραίνω
ξηραίνω (ξηρός) fut. ξηρανῶ LXX; 1 aor. ἐξήρανα. Pass.: fut. 3 sg. ξηρανθήσεται LXX; 1 aor. ἐξηράνθην; pf. ἐξήραμμαι, ptc. ἐξηραμμένος (Hom. et al.; pap, LXX, En, TestSol; TestLevi 4:1; ParJer 19:17; 4 Esdr 8:23 [Fgm. c]; Joseph.)① to stop a flow (such as sap or other liquid) in someth. and so cause dryness, to dry, dry upⓐ act. dry, dry out τὶ someth. (Thu. 1, 109, 4; schol. on Nicander, Ther. 831 ξηραίνει τὸ δένδρον; PGM 13, 27 ξήρανον [viz. τὰ ἄνθη]; Is 42:15; Jer 28:36; Just., D. 107, 3) of the sun τὸν χόρτον Js 1:11.ⓑ pass. in act. sense become dry, dry up, wither of trees (POxy 53, 10; Jo 1:12) Mt 21:19f; Mk 11:20f. Of plants without good roots Mt 13:6; Mk 4:6; Lk 8:6.—1 Pt 1:24 (Is 40:7). A vine-branch when cut off J 15:6. Gener. of plants Hs 9, 21, 1; 3. Of water (Gen 8:7; 3 Km 17:7; Is 19:5f ποταμός; En 101:7; Jos., Bell. 5, 409 πηγή; TestLevi 4:1) of a river: dry up Rv 16:12. Of a flow of blood εὐθὺς ἐξηράνθη ἡ πηγὴ τοῦ αἵματος αὐτῆς her hemorrhage stopped at once Mk 5:29.② to become dry to the point of being immobilized, be paralyzed, pass. in act. sense, fig. ext. of 1. As plants are killed by drought, so the human body is damaged by certain harmful things (Hippocr., π. τῶν ἐντὸς παθῶν 22 vol. VII 222 L.—PUps 8, 4 καταξηρανθήτω τὸ σῶμα ἐν κλίνοις=may her body dry up on the sickbed) ἄνθρωπος ἐξηραμμένην ἔχων τ. χεῖρα a man with a withered hand (i.e., one incapable of motion; cp. 3 Km 13:4) Mk 3:1, 3 v.l. Likew. the whole body of a boy who was possessed stiffens ξηραίνεται he becomes stiff 9:18 (Theocr. 24, 61 ξηρὸν ὑπαὶ δείους=stiff with fright. Similarly Psellus p. 212, 6).③ to become dry and therefore be ready for harvesting, be ripe, pass. of grain Rv 14:15.—DELG s.v. ξηρός. M-M. -
26 παλλω
παλλω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to sway, to rock, to shake lots, to draw lots', midd. `to swing oneself', also `to jump, to hop'.Other forms: Aor. πῆλαι (Il.), midd. πήλασθαι (Call.), πάλτο ( ἀν-, κατ-έπαλτο s. bel.), redupl. ἀμ-πεπαλών (Hom.; also πεπάλ-εσθε, - έσθαι for - ασθε, - άσθαι resp. - αχθε, - άχθαι? s.bel.), aor. pass. ἀνα-παλείς (Str.), perf. midd. πέπαλμαι (A.).Compounds: Also w. prefix, late ἀνα- ( ἀμ-). -- As 2. member in ἐγχέσ-, σακέσ-παλος `swaying the spear, shield' (ep. Il.; Trümpy Fachausdrücke 28).Derivatives: 1. πάλος m. `(shaken) lot' (Sapph., Hdt., trag.), ἄμπαλ-ος m. `fresh casting' (of the lot, Pi.); ἀναπάλ-η f. name of a dance (Ath.); 2. παλτόν n. `javelin' (A., X.) with ἐπάλταξα παλτῳ̃ ἔβαλον H., - ός adj. (S.); 3. παλμός m. `vibration, pulsation' (Hp., Arist., Epicur.) with - ώδης `full of vibrations' (Hp.); παλματίας σεισμός `heavy earthquake' (Arist.; cf. βρασματίας s. βράσσω); 4. πάλσις ( ἀνά-, ἀπό- παλλω) f. `pulsation etc.' (Arist., Epicur.). -- Intensive παι-πάλλειν σείειν H. On a velar enlargement seem to go back *παλ-άσσομαι, πεπάλ-αχθε, - άχθαι (H 171, ι 331); for these difficult perfects perh. redupl. aor. - εσθε, - έσθαι must be posited (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 396 with Döderlein; diff. Bechtel Lex. 266).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As common basis of all forms served παλ- (*πάλ-ι̯ω, *πάλ-σαι); through false analysis of the compounds κατ-επ-αλτο, ἀν-επ-αλτο (to ἅλλομαι `jump, hop') in κατ-, ἀν-έπαλτο one had an apparently augmented ἔ-παλτο, from where πάλτο and backformed πάλλομαι = ἅλλομαι arose (Geiss Münch. Stud. 11, 62ff. with Leumann Hom. Wörter 60 ff., with lit. a. further details). -- No cognates outside Greek. The connection with Lat. pellō, pe-pul-ī `set in movement with a push' (Curtius 268 with Fick, Ernout-Meillet) seems possible in spite of Solmsen Wortforsch. 18 f., Bq and WP. 2, 57; cf. παλμός = pulsus; further s. πελάζω (not ἀπελλαι)}. Here also Slav., e.g. Russ. polóch `revolt, commotion, confusion' (Solmsen PBBeitr. 27, 364, WP. 2, 52; further lit. in Vasmer s.v.)? Not with Fraenkel Mél. Bq 1, 358 and Pok. 801 to pel- `flow, swim' (cf. πολύς, πλέω, πίμπλημι); diff., also to be rejected, Palmer Glotta 27, 134ff., Richardson Trans. Phil. Soc. 1936, 101 ff. -- Hardly here πελεμίζω, πόλεμος, s. vv. - The analysis given is of course quite uncertain.Page in Frisk: 2,469Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > παλλω
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27 ῥέω
ῥέω (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestJob 13:1; JosAs 29:1; Apc-Mos; SibOr 3, 54; Philo; Jos., Bell. 6, 105 μνήμη ῥέουσα διʼ αἰῶνος; Just.; Mel., HE 4, 26, 9) fut. ῥεύσω (B-D-F §77; Rob. 355); aor. impv. 3 pl. ῥευσάτωσαν SSol 4:16; ptc. gen. sg. ῥεύσαντος (Just., D. 67, 2). Pass.: fut. 3 sg. ῥυήσεται LXX; aor. 3 sg. ἐρρύη LXX, inf. ῥυῆναι (Mel.) to flow with liquid, in our lit. only in transf. senseⓐ as symbol of transcendent blessing flow ποταμοὶ ἐκ τ. κοιλίας αὐτοῦ ῥεύσουσιν ὕδατος ζῶντος J 7:38 (Hdb. ad loc., and s. κοιλία 3).ⓑ fig. in the sense of ‘have more than enough of’: (over)flow with τὶ someth. γῆ ῥέουσα γάλα καὶ μέλι a land flowing w. milk and honey (LXX) B 6:8, 10, 13 (for a more detailed treatment of this pass. s. Windisch, Hdb. on B 6:8.—S. also γάλα a).—B. 677. DELG. M-M. -
28 ῥυθμός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: = ἡ τῆς κινήσεως τάξις (Pl. Lg. 665a), `regular movement, beat, rhythm, measure, consistence, proportion, form' (IA., Archil., Thgn., A.).Other forms: Ion. ῥυσμός.Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. εὔ-ρυθμος `with a beautifully regular movement, rhythmically, well-proportioned' with - ία f. (Att.).Derivatives: ῥυθμ-ικός `rhythmic' (Pl.; Chantraine Études 135), - ιος `id.' (Hdn. Gr.); - ίζω, also w. prefix, esp. μετα-, `to make regular, to organise, to set up, to instruct, to form' (IA.), - έω `to organise, to determine' (Athen Va), - όομαι `to develop' (Democr. 197 [- σμ-]; - όω uncertain ibd. 33).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1003] *sreu̯- `stream'Etymology: Already the shortness of the ῠ (e.g. A. Ch. 797) makes the connection with ἔρυμαι, ῥύομαι `avert, protect' with ῥῡτήρ `protector, guardian' (Leemans Ant. class. 17, 403ff., Renehan ClassPhil. 58, 36f. after Jaeger Paideia 1, 174f. [prop. "keep in bonds"]) or with ἐρύω `draw' with ῥῡτήρ `rein' (Krogmann KZ 71, 110f. after Hirt), which is also semant. not very evident, quite improbable. For the old explanation from ῥέω `flow, stream', against which rightly Benveniste Journ. de psych. norm. et pathol. 44 (1951) 401 ff., Wolf WienStud. 68, 99 ff. (with survey of other interpretations), Porzig Satzinhalte 237. So orig. meaning "streaming, stream" as symbol of a quiet and even movement (cf. Curtius 353). On the meaning of ῥυθμός still E. Wolf Bed. von ῥυθμός bei Platon (Diss. Innsbruck 1947), Leemans l.c., Waltz Rev. et. lat. 26, 109 ff. ( ῥυθμός and numerus). S. also C. Sandoz, Les noms grecs de la forme (Neuchâtel 1971) 58-77.Page in Frisk: 2,664-665Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥυθμός
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29 αἷμα
-ατος + τό N 3 156-69-91-36-49=401 Gn 4,10.11; 9,4.5.6(bis)blood Ex 12,7; anything like blood, wine Gn 49,11; blood relationship, kin Nm 35,11; blood, life Ez16,36; αἵματα bloodshed, murder 1 Sm 25,33κρίνω αὐτὸν θανάτῳ και αἵματι I punish him with death and bloodshed Ez 38,22; ἀνὴρ αἱμάτων cruel man 2 Sm 16,7; τὸ αἷμά σου ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλήν σου you are guilty for the death of sb 2 Sm 1,16; αἷμα ἀναίτιον innocent blood Sus 62; ὁ ἐκχέων αἷμα ἀνθρώπου ἀντὶ τοῦ αἵματος αὐτοῦ ἐκχυθήσεται he that sheds human blood, instead of that blood shall his own be shed Gn 9,6; πηγὴ αἵματος fountain of blood, menstrual flow Lv 12,7; ῥύσις αἵματος menstrual flow Lv 15,25דמך/מ for MT רמותיך (with) your rubble?Cf. ENGEL 1985, 131; HARL 1986a, 61; HARLÉ 1988, 34; LE BOULLUEC 1989, 45; →NIDNTT; TWNT -
30 ἕλκω
Aεἷλκον A.Fr.39
, etc., [dialect] Ep.ἕλκον Il.4.213
,al. (never εἵλκυον): [tense] fut., etc., rarely ἑλκύσω [ῠ] Hp.Fract.2, Philem.174: [tense] aor.εἵλκῠσα Batr.232
, Pi.N.7.103, Trag. and [dialect] Att., E.Ph. 987, Ar.Nu. 540, SIG2587.23, al., etc.;ἥλκυσα IG11(2).287
B61 (Delos, ii B.C.), CIG4993,5006 (Egypt, iii A.D.); later εἷλξα, poet.ἕλξα AP9.370
(Tib. Ill.), Orph.A. 258, Gal.Nat.Fac.1.12: [tense] pf.εἵλκῠκα D.22.59
; [tense] pf. part. ἑολκώς prob.in Epich. 177:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. - ύσομαι ([etym.] ἐφ-) Antyll. ap. Orib.6.10.9: [tense] aor. εἱλκυσάμην ([etym.] ἀφ-) v.l. in Hp.Art.11, subj.ἀφελκύσωμαι Ar.Ach. 1120
; rarelyεἱλξάμην Gal.4.534
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.ἑλκυσθήσομαι A.Th. 614
([etym.] ξυγκαθ-), Lyc.358,ἑλχθήσομαι Gal.UP7.7
: [tense] aor.εἱλκύσθην Hp.Epid.4.14
, ([etym.] ἐξ-) Ar.Ec. 688,ἑλκ- Hdt.1.140
,ἡλκ- IG12(7).115.11
([place name] Amorgos); laterεἵλχθην Ph.2.11
, Philostr.VA8.15, D.L.6.91: [tense] pf.εἵλκυσμαι Hp.Superf. 16
, E.Rh. 576,Ph.1.316, ([etym.] καθ-) Th.6.50, ἕλκυσμαι ([etym.] ἀν-) Hdt.9.98, (ii B.C.): [tense] plpf.εἵλκυστο Hp.Epid.4.36
.—In [dialect] Att., ἕλκω, ἕλξω were alone used in [tense] pres. and [tense] fut., while the other tenses were formed from ἑλκυ-; cf. ἑλκέω (q.v.), ἑλκυστάζω. In Hom., Aristarch. rejected the augm. (Cf. Lat. sulcus, Lith. velkù 'drag'):— draw, drag, with collat.notion of force or exertion, ὣς εἰπὼν ποδὸς ἕλκε began to drag [the dead body] by the foot, Il.13.383;ἤν περ.. ποδῶν ἕλκωσι θύραζε Od.16.276
;τινὰ τῆς ῥινός Luc.Herm.73
;Ἕκτορα.. περὶ σῆμ' ἑτάροιο ἕλκει Il.24.52
; drag away a prisoner, 22.65 ([voice] Pass.); draw ships down to the sea, 2.152, etc.; draw along a felled tree, 17.743; of mules, draw a chariot, 24.324; ἑλκέμεναι νειοῖο.. πηκτὸν ἄροτρον draw the plough through the field, 10.353, cf. 23.518;ἕ. τινὰ ἐπὶ κνάφου Hdt.1.92
; περιβαλόντας σχοινία ἕ. haul at them, Id.5.85.2 draw after one,ἐν δ' ἔπεσ' Ὠκεανῷ.. φάος ἠελίοιο, ἕλκον νύκτα μέλαιναν Il.8.486
; πέδας ἕ. trail fetters after one, Hdt.3.129; ἕ. χλανίδα let one's cloak trail behind, Ephipp.19(anap.);θοἰμάτιον Archipp.45
.3 tear in pieces (used by Hom. only in the form ἑλκέω), ὀνύχεσσι παρειάν E. Tr. 280
; worry,τὰς κύνας ὥλαφος ἕλκοι Theoc.1.135
;ἑλκυσθῆναι ὑπὸ κυνός Hdt.1.140
.b metaph., carp at, Pi.N.7.103.4 draw a bow,ἕλκε.. γλυφίδας τε λαβὼν καὶ νεῦρα βόεια Il.4.122
, cf. Od.21.419, Hdt. 3.21, X.An.4.2.28, etc.5 draw a sword, S.Ant. 1233, E.Rh. 576 ([voice] Pass.):—[voice] Med.,ἕλκετο δ' ἐκ κολεοῖο.. ξίφος Il.1.194
.6 ἕ. ἱστία hoist sails, Od.2.426:—also in [voice] Med.,h.Bacch.32.II after Hom.,3 drag into court,ἕλκω σε κλητεύσοντα Ar.Nu. 1218
, cf. 1004 ([voice] Pass.);εἰς ἀγοράν Act.Ap.16.19
; drag about, esp. with lewd violence,ἕλκει καὶ βιάζεται D.21.150
; μηδένα ἕλξειν μηδ' ὑβριεῖν ib. 221;ἕλκειν γυναῖκα Lys.1.12
: metaph., ἄνω κάτω τοὺς λόγους ἕ. Pl. Tht. 195c, cf. Arist.SE 167a35;ἡμέας ὁ καιρὸς ἕλκει Herod.2.10
; also ἥλκυσμαι λαμπαδάρχης I have been compelled to serve as λ., BGU l.c.4 draw or suck up, [ἥλιος] ἕλκει τὸ ὕδωρ ἐπ' ἑωυτόν Hdt.2.25
; ἕ. τὸν ἀέρα draw it in, breathe it, Hp.Aër.19, Ti.Locr.101d ([voice] Pass.), cf. Philyll.20: ζωὴν φύσιν Archel. ap. Antig.Mir.89; esp. of persons drinking, drink in long draughts, quaff, ; ; τὴν.. τοῦ Πραμνίου [σπονδήν] Ar.Eq. 107; οἶνον ἐκ.. λεπαστῆς TeleclId.24 (lyr.);ἀπνευστί Antiph.74.14
, etc.: with acc. of the cup,δέπας μεστὸν.. ἕλκουσι γνάθοις ἀπαύστοις Id.237
, cf. Eub. 56.7, al.; so ἕ. μαστόν suck it, E.Ph. 987; inhale,ὀσμήν Antig.Mir. 89
; of roots, draw up nourishment, Thphr.HP1.6.10: metaph., χανδὸν καὶ ἀμυστὶ τῶν μαθηυάτων ἕ. Eun.VSp.474D.6 ἕ. βίοτον, ζόαν, drag out a weary life, E.Or. 207 (lyr.), Ph. 1535 (lyr.); προφάσιας ἕ. keep making excuses, Hdt.6.86;πάσας τε προφάσεις.. ἕλκουσι Ar.Lys. 727
; ἕ. χρόνους make long, in prosody, Longin.Proll. Heph.p.83C.: hence intr., ἐπὶ τοσοῦτο λέγεται ἑλκύσαι τὴν σύστασιν.. that the conflict dragged on, lasted, Hdt.7.167, cf. PHib.1.83.9 (iii B.C.):—[voice] Pass.,τῶν ἐγκλημάτων εἱκλυσμένων πλείονα χρόνον Supp.Epigr.2.281
(Delph., ii B.C.); also of a person,ἑλκόμενος καὶ μόγις Pl. R. 350d
.8 draw to oneself, attract, of the magnet, E.Fr. 567; by spells,τινὰ ποτὶ δῶμα Theoc.2.17
, cf.X.Mem.3.11.18, Plot.4.4.40, etc.; πείθειν καὶ ἑ. Pl.R. 458d;ἐχθροὺς ἐφ' ἑαυτόν D.22.59
; draw on,ἐπὶ ἡδονάς Pl.Phdr. 238a
;εἰς τυραννίδας ἕ. τὰς πολιτείας Id.R. 568c
:—[voice] Pass., to be drawn on as by a spell,ἴυγγι δ' ἕλκομαι ἦτορ Pi.N.4.35
;πρὸς φιλοσοφίαν Pl.R. 494e
.9 of things weighed, ἕ. σταθμὸν τάλαντα δέκα draw down the balance, i.e. weigh ten talents, Hdt.1.50, cf. Eup.116: abs., τὸ δ' ἂν ἑλκύσῃ whatever it weigh, Hdt. 2.65; πλεῖον ἕ. Pl.Min. 316a.b ἕ. τὰς ψήφους cast up the account, PPetr.2p.37 (iii B.C.), PHib.1.17.25 (iii B.C.).10 draw or derive from a source,ἐντεῦθεν εἵλκυσεν ἐπὶ τὴν.. τέχνην τὸ πρός φορον αὐτῇ Pl.Phdr. 270a
, cf. Jul.Or.7.207a;τὸ γένος ἀπό τινος Str.11.9.3
; assume,μείζω φαντασίαν Plb.32.10.5
;ὁ ἄρτος ἕλκει χρῶμα κάλλιστον Ath.3.113c
.11 ἑλκύσαι πλίνθους make bricks, Hdt.1.179, cf. PPetr.3p.137; ἕ. λάγανον Chrysipp. Tyan. ap. Ath.14.647e.12 αἱ θυρίδες ἕλκουσι the win dows draw in air, Thphr.Vent.29.13 ἕ. ἑαυτόν, expressing some kind of athletic exercise, Pl.Prm. 135d.B [voice] Med., ἕ. χαίτας ἐκ κεφαλῆς tear one's hair, Il.10.15; ἀσσοτέρω πυρὸς ἕλκετο δίφρον drew his chair nearer to the fire, Od.19.506, cf. Semon.7.26.2 draw to oneself, scrape up, amass, τιμάς, ἄφενος ἕλκεσθαι, Thgn.30.3 ἕλκεσθαι στάθμας περισσᾶς in Pi.P.2.90, means lit., to drag at too great a line, i.e. grasp more than one's due-- but whence the metaphor is taken remains unexplained.C [voice] Pass., to be drawn or wrenched, νῶτα.. ἑλκόμενα στερεῶς, of wrestlers, Il.23.715; of the nails, to be curved, Hp.Morb.2.48; to close in when the core is removed, of the timber of certain trees, Thphr.HP5.5.2. -
31 θέω 1
θέω 1.Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `run' (Il.).Other forms: fut. θεύσομαι (on the diathesis Wackernagel Syntax 1, 134), ipf. θέεσκον, later aor. θεῦσαι (Vett. Val.),Derivatives: θεῦσις `running' (Corn. ND 1), θοός `quick' (Il.) with Θόας, - αντος PN, also river name (Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 2, 236; 3, 162), Θόωσα f. PN (Od., Emp.; Schwyzer 526); θοάζω `bring in quick movement, move quickly' (E.) with θόασμα `dancing place' (Orph. H. 49, 6). On βοηθόος, - θέω s. v.Etymology: The thematic root present θέ(Ϝ)ω (cf. θεῦ δεῦρο, τρέχε H. and Specht KZ 67, 219) is identical with Skt. dhavate `stream, flow' except for the diathesis. Skt. dhā́vati `run, stream' with lengthened grade has no correspondent in Greek, as ep. θείη (foll. Schulze Q. 277 for *θή(Ϝ)η) and θείειν have metr. lengthening, and the latter can stand for *θε(Ϝ)έμεν (cf. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 102; 346; 492). - Uncertain remains the Germanic word for `dew', OHG tou m., OWNo. dǫgg, gen. dǫggwar, PGm. *dau(u̯)a-, -ō, IE *dhóu̯o-, -ā́ (would be Gr. *θό(Ϝ)ος, *θο(Ϝ)ή) Unclear also ἄδδεε ἐπείγου H. (Phrygian?; Hoffmann BB 25, 180). On Illyrian and other river names s. Pok. 260. Older lit. in Bq.Page in Frisk: 1,668-669Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θέω 1
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32 πορφύρω
πορφύρω [ῡ], poet. Verb, only [tense] pres. and [tense] impf., of the sea, ὡς ὅτε πορφύρῃ πέλαγος μέγα κύματι κωφῷ as when the huge seaA heaves, surges, swirls with dumb swell (i.e. with waves that do not break), Il.14.16, cf. Arat.158, Artem.2.23;ὑπὸ στείρῃσι θάλασσα πορφύρει Arat.296
;διάνδιχα νηὸς ἰούσης δίνῃ πορφύροντα διήνυσαν Ἑλλήσποντον A.R.1.935
; of flame, [φλόγα] φονίῳ σβέσεν αἵματι πορφύρουσαν Id.4.668
:—later in [voice] Med., κἂν ἡ γαλήνη πορφύροιτο even in a gently heaving calm, Him.Or.31.2;εὔδια μὲν πόντος πορφύρεται AP10.14
(Agath.).2 metaph., πολλὰ δέ οἱ κραδίη πόρφυρε much was his heart troubled, Il.21.551, cf. Od.4.427, 572, 10.309; though others take it trans., his heart brooded, pondered on many things, as in Q.S.2.85, al., Epic. ap. Suid.: abs., ponder, A.R.3.456; π. οἷον.. ib. 1161.II after Hom., grow red, of a river, καὶ τὺ δὲ Κρᾶθι οἴνῳ πορφύροις may'st thou flush with wine, Theoc.5.125 (= βλύζοις Sch., i.e. signf. 1.1; prob. both senses are meant); ;αἰδοῖ π. παρήϊον Q.S.14.47
;πορφύρων βότρυς AP9.249
(Maec.); δαίδαλα πορφύρων, of the tiger's skin, Opp. C.3.347; of ringlets,ὑακίνθοις.. ὅμοια πορφύροντες Luc.Am.26
, cf. Him.Or.1.19; γῆ π. ἄνθεσι ib.13.7.2 trans., dye red,χεῖρας φόνῳ Nonn.D.44.106
:—[voice] Pass., [οἴνῳ] πορφύρετο πέτρη ib.45.308, etc. ( πορφῠρ-yw, redupl., cogn. with Lat.fervere, fermentum, OE. beorm 'barm, froth on fermenting malt liquors, yeast'; for the sequence of meanings cf. English flush (1) 'flow suddenly in great volume', (2) of blood, 'rush to the cheeks', (3) of the cheeks, etc., 'become red'; cf. πορφύρεος.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πορφύρω
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33 ἐπιρρέω
A : [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Act.- ερρευσα Procop.Aed.4.6
: [tense] pf.- έρρευκα Gal.
ap. Orib.51.36.17: [tense] aor. 2 [voice] Pass.- ερρύην Hp.Nat.Hom.1
, etc.:—flow upon the surface, float, καθύπερθενἐπιρρέει ἠΰτ' ἔλαιον Il.2.754
.2. flow in besides, keep on flowing,ποταμοῖσι.. ἐμβαίνουσιν.. ἕτερα ὕδατα ἐπιρρεῖ Heraclit.12
; ἐπιρρεόντων ποταμῶν (into the sea), Ar.Nu. 1294;χολὴ πλείων ἐπιρρέουσα Pl.Ti. 85e
; ἄνωθεν ἐπὶ τὰς ἀρούρας ib. 22e: metaph. of large bodies of men, stream on,ἐπέρρεον ἔθνεα πεζῶν Il.11.724
; ἐπιρρεόντων τῶν Ἑλλήνωνκαὶ γινομένων πλεύνων Hdt.9.38
;ἐ. ὄχλος Γοργόνων Pl.Phdr. 229d
; of a flood of topics, Id.Tht. 177e;ὄχλος πολὺς ἄμμιν ἐπιρρεῖ Theoc.15.59
; of the ἀπόρροιαι of Democritus, Plu.2.733d: c. inf., τὸπλῆθος τῶν εἰπεῖν ἐπιρρεόντων Isoc.12.95
: metaph. also, οὑπιρρέων χρόνος onward-streaming time, i.e. the future, A.Eu. 853; ὄλβου ἐπιρρυέντος if wealth accumulates, E.Med. 1229;ἀγαθῶν ἐπιρρεόντων X. Ap.27
;πολλὴ αὔξη ὅταν ἐ. πόνων Pl.Lg. 788d
; τὰ ἐπιρρέοντα the stream of wealth, Aen.Gaz. Thphr.p.27 B.3. c. gen., [ τρίποδες] οἴνου ἐπέρρεον flowed with wine, Philostr.VA3.27.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπιρρέω
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34 ὁρμή
ὁρμ-ή, ἡ,A rapid motion forwards, onrush, onset, assault,μόγις δέ μευ ἔκφυγεν ὁρμήν Il.9.355
; ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ χωρίου ἡ ὁ. ἔσται the attack, invasion, Hdt.1.11 ;ἡ ἐπὶ βασιλέα ὁ. X.An.3.1.10
; also of an impulse received from another,ἐμέ τ' εἰσορόων καὶ ἐμὴν ποτιδέγμενος ὁ. Il.10.123
, cf. Od.2.403.2 more freq. of things, πυρὸς ὁ. the rage of fire, Il.11.157 ; ὑπὸ κύματος ὁρμῆς by the shock of a wave, Od.5.320 ;ἔγχεος ὁ. Hes.Sc. 365
; but ἐς ὁρμὴν ἔγχεος ἐλθεῖν within my spear's cast, within reach of my spear, Il.5.118 ; ὁ. γονάτων spring of knee, i.e. power to spring or leap, Pi.N.5.20 ; ποδὸς ὁ. speed of foot, E.El. 112 (lyr.): pl., of the tides, Ptol.Tetr.3.II impulse to do a thing, effort,μίνυνθα δέ οἱ γένεθ' ὁρμή Il.4.466
;μελέη δέ μοι ἔσσεται ὁ. Od.5.416
;φιλότητος.. ἄμβροτος ὁ. Emp.35.13
;πίστιος ὁ. Id.114.3
;ἐπεὶ δὲ δαιμονίη τις γίνεται ὁ. Hdt.7.18
;μαινομένᾳ σὺν ὁρμᾷ S.Ant. 135
(lyr.), cf. Tr. 720 ; τίς προσήγαγε χρεία; τίς ὁ.; Id.Ph. 237; οὕτω καθ' ὁρμὴν δρῶσιν, i. e. with so much zeal, ib. 566 ;εἰ.. ἄγοι αὐτὸν ὁ. θειοτέρα Pl.Phdr. 279a
: joined with ἐπιθυμία, Id.Phlb. 35d, Th.3.36 ; μιᾷ ὁ. with one impulse, X.An.3.2.9 ;ἀπὸ μιᾶς ὁ. Th.7.71
;ὑπὸ μιᾷ τῇ ὁ. Luc.Hist.Conscr. 2
: c. gen. objecti, eager desire of or for a thing, Th.7.43, etc.: so with a Prep.,ἡ ὁρμή, ἣν ὁρμᾷς ἐπὶ τοὺς λόγους Pl.Prm. 135d
, cf. 130b ;ἔχειν ὁρμὴν πρός τι Arist.MM 1185a31
, al. ; ὁ. ἐπέπεσέ τισι, c. inf., Th.4.4 ; ὁ. παραστῆσαί τισι εἴς τι or c. inf., Plb.2.48.5, Plu.Cor.33 ; ὁ. σχεῖν, c. inf., Id.Publ.19.2 in Stoic philosophy, appetition, including reasoned choice and irrational impulse, Stoic.3.40, al.3 Pythag. name for 2, Anatolius ap. Theol.Ar. 8.III setting oneself in motion, start on a march, etc., ἐν ὁρμῇ εἶναι to be on the point of starting, X.An. 2.1.3, cf. Arist.Rh. 1393a3 ; ἐπὶ παντὸς ὁρμῇ.. πράγματος at the start of every undertaking, Pl.Ti. 27c ; ἡ ὁ. [τούτων τῶν ἀνέμων] the point at which these winds start, Arist.Mete. 364b5, cf. Pl.R. 511b (pl.). (Cf. Skt. s´rati 'flow'.) -
35 μορμύρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: name of a sea-fish of the family of the breams (Sparidae), `Pagellus mormyrus' (Arist., Archestr.); details in Thompson Fishes s.v.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Acc. to Strömberg Fischnamen 76 "prob. after the sound, which arises from its quick movement in the water". In the same meaning also μύρμη (Epich. 62). The connection with μύρομαι, μύρω `flow, trickle' (Strömberg l.c.) is not convincing. -- After Bq and Huber Comm. Aenip. 9 p. 9 a Mediterr. word. -- Lat. LW [loanword] murmillō `gladiator with Gaulish helm, on top of which was a fish'; s. W.-Hofmann s.v. - The variant μύρμη makes a Pre-Greek word probable.Page in Frisk: 2,254Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μορμύρος
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36 σῶμα
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `living or dead body' (Il.; in Hom. the meaning `corpse' is necessary or possible; cf. Herter Charites E. Langlotz gewidmet [Berlin 1957] 206ff. w. lit.), `person' (Att. etc.), `slave' (hell. a. late.; on development and spread of the meaning E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 80 f.); metaph. `totality' (A., Pl., Arist. etc.), `text of a document' (pap.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. σωματο-φύλαξ `bodyguard' (hell. a. late); univerbation σωμ-ασκ-ία f. `bodily exercise' (Pl., X. a.o.) from σῶμα ἀσκέω; to this as backformation σω-μασκ-έω `to do bodily exercise' (X., Plb. etc.); τρι-σώματος `three-bodied' (A., E.), late τρί-σωμος `id.' (An. Ox.); on the stemvariation s. Schwyzer 450.Derivatives: 1. Dimin. σωμάτ-ιον n. (Pl. Com., Arist. etc.; mostly depreciatory). 2. - ίδιον n. `text of a document' (pap.). 3. - εῖον n. `corporate body, college' ( Cod. Just.). 4. - ικός `bodily' (Arist. etc.), - ινος `id.' (gloss.), - ώδης `bodily' (Arist. a.o.). 5. - όομαι, - όω ( ἐν-, ὑπο-) `to be embodied, to embody' (Arist., Thphr. a.o.) with - ωσις f. (Thphr. a.o.). 6. - ίζω ( δια-, ἐν-) `to edit a text' with - ισμός m. (pap.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: For `body' the IE languages have several expressions, of which only Lat. corpus a. cogn. (e.g. Skt. kr̥p-) has found a wide use and can claim a high date. A convincing connection for the Greek formation σῶ-μα has not been found. Formally resemble both σω-λήν and σω-ρός; if one connects the last, σῶμα must continue *tu̯ō-mn̥ with a basic meaning `compactness, swelling' (since Froehde BB 14, 108). Other proposals, all for diff. reasons doubtable or uncertain: from *σῶπ-μα to σήπομαι, σαπρός (Wackernagel KZ 30, 298f. = Kl. Schr. 1, 661 f.); to ἐπί-σσωτρον (Schwyzer 523; asking); from *[s]ti̯ō-mn̥ "what becomes stiff" to Skt. styā- `flow, get stiff' (Thieme KZ 78, 114 A. 4); to σίνομαι (abl. sō[i]-: sī-) as `object of σίνεσθαι' (Koller Glotta 37, 276 ff.; agreeing Harrison The Phoenix 14, 64). -- Cf. σωρός; also W.-Hofmann s. tōmentum.Page in Frisk: 2,842-843Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σῶμα
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37 φθείρω
φθείρω, [dialect] Aeol. [full] φθέρρω Hdn.Gr.2.303, al.; Arc. [full] φθήρω IG5(2).6.17 (Tegea, iv B. C.): [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf. φθείρεσκε ([etym.] δια-) Hdt.1.36: [tense] fut.Aφθερῶ X.HG7.2.11
, ([etym.] δια-) A.Ag. 1266, etc.; [dialect] Ion. φθερέω ([etym.] δια-) Hdt. 5.51; [dialect] Ep. φθέρσω ([etym.] δια-) Il.13.625: [tense] aor. 1 (troch.), X.HG7.2.4; poet.ἔφθερσα Lyc.1402
; Arc. [ per.] 3sg. opt. (?)φθέραι IG5(2).6.8
(Tegea, iv B. C.): [tense] pf.ἔφθαρκα Din.1.64
, ([etym.] δι-) E.Med. 226; Arc. part.ἐφθορκώς IG5(2).6.10
(Tegea, iv B. C.): —[voice] Med., [tense] fut. φθεροῦμαι (in pass. sense) S.OT 272, E.Andr. 708, Th.7.48; [dialect] Ion. φθερέομαι ([etym.] δια-) Hdt.8.108 (v.l. δια-φθαρέεται), 9.42 (vv. ll. δια-φθαρέονται, δια-φθορεῦνται); laterφθαροῦμαι Archig.
ap. Orib.8.23.5:— [voice] Pass., [tense] fut.φθᾰρήσομαι Hp.VM13
, Arist.Metaph. 1066b30, Epicur.Ep. 1p.7U., ([etym.] δια-) E.Hec. 802, etc., [dialect] Dor.- ησοῦμαι Ti.Locr.94d
: [tense] aor. ἐφθάρην [ᾰ] S.OT 1502, Th.7.13, Pl.Lg. 708c; poet. [ per.] 3pl.ἔφθαρεν Pi.P. 3.36
: also part.κατα-φθερείς Epich.35.13
: [tense] pf. , [ per.] 3pl.ἐφθάραται Th.3.13
; inf. , ([etym.] δι-) Is.9.37, [dialect] Aeol.ἔφθορθαι Eust.790.8
: [tense] plpf. [ per.] 3pl.ἐφθάρατο App.BC3.15
, ([etym.] δι-) Hdt.8.90. The compd. διαφθείρω is much more freq. than the simple Verb:— destroy things,μῆλα κακοὶ φθείρουσι νομῆες Od. 17.246
; φ. τῶν Συρίων τοὺς κλήρους waste them, Hdt.1.76, cf. X.HG 7.2.11, An.4.7.20;τοὺς θεῶν νόμους S.Aj. 1344
; τὰς ναῦς v. l. in Th. 2.91;τὴν πόλιν καὶ νόμους Pl.Lg. 958c
, cf. X.Mem.1.5.3;εὐδαιμονίαν Din.
l. c.;ἔμβρυα Dsc.2.163
;τὸ συλληφθέν Sor.1.60
(also abs., miscarry, ib.59); τὸν κοινὸν οἶκον Mitteis Chr.284.11 (ii B. C.): —[voice] Pass., to be destroyed, S.Aj.25, etc.;ἐκ τῶν αὐτῶν καὶ διὰ τῶν αὐτῶν καὶ γίνεται πᾶσα ἀρετὴ καὶ φθείρεται Arist.EN 1103b8
;εἰς τὸ μὴ ὂν φ.
pass away, cease to be,Epicur.
Ep.1p.5U.;δυὰς προσθέσει μονάδος εἰς τριάδα φθείρεται μηκέτι μένουσα δυάς Ph.2.509
; of animals, perish, PStrassb.24.15 (ii A. D.).2 of persons, μαψαῦραι... ναύτας φ. destroy them, Hes.Th. 876 (but perh. only [voice] Act. of signf. 11.4); (troch.), Ag. 652:—[voice] Pass., Id.Pers. 272, 283(lyr.);γειτόνων πολλοὶ ἁμᾷ.. ἔφθαρεν Pi.P.3.36
;νόσῳ ἐφθάραται Ἀθηναῖοι Th.3.13
, cf. 7.48;πρόρριζον ἔφθαρται γένος S.El. 765
; ἔφθαρμαι I am undone! Men. Her.13;μὴφθαρῶσιν PMich.Zen.80.4
(iii B. C.).3 corrupt, bribe, τινα D.S.4.73; lure, entice, trap, (s. v. l.); entices to its ruin, entraps,Trag.Adesp.
484 (s. v.l.); pervert, :—[voice] Pass., v. infr. 11.3.b seduce a woman,ὑπὸ τῆς θυγατρὸς ἀδικούμενον καὶ Διονυσίου τοῦ φθείραντος αὐτὴν κιναίδου PEnteux.26.11
(iii B. C.):—[voice] Pass., E.Fr. 485, D.Chr.11.153 (but not [dialect] Att. acc. to Phryn.53, Moer.p.103 P.), Artem.5.17.4 ruin, spoil, ποσὶν φθείροντα πλοῦτον ἀργυρωνήτους θ' ὑφάς, of one who treads on rich carpets, A.Ag. 949; βαφὰς φθείρουσα τοῦ ποικίλματος, of blood, Id.Ch. 1013; of a poison,ὧνπερ ἂν θίγῃ, φθείρει τὰ πάντα S.Tr. 716
;φαρμάκων φθείρειν πεφυκότων τὰ σώματα Gal.15.541
; δούλην (wet-nurse)μὴ φθείρουσαν τὸ γάλα BGU1058.29
(i B. C.), cf. Sor.1.88; τοῦ σώματος (sc. τῶν νοσούντων) φθείροντος τὸ θρέψαι δυνάμενον ib.90, cf. 63, al.5τὰ μιγνύμενα τῶν χρωμάτων οἱ βαφεῖς φθείρεσθαι καὶ φθοράν τὴν μῖξιν ὀνομάζουσιν Plu.2.393c
(whereμιαίνω 1
is compared).II [voice] Pass. (cf. supr. 1.1, 2),1 φθείρεσθε (as a curse) may you perish! ruin take you! Il.21.128, Sannyr. 10; φθείρου as an imprecation, go to the devil! be off! Ar.Ach. 460, Pl. 598, 610(anap.), E.Fr. 610;ἐκποδὼν ἡμῖν φθείρεσθε Herod.6.16
:c. gen., φθείρεσθε τῆσδε off from her! unhand her, let her go, E.Andr. 715 (so in [tense] fut. indic., εἰ μὴ φθερῇ τῆσδ' ὡς τάχιστ' ἀπὸ στέγης if thou dost not depart... ib. 708).b with a Prep., φθείρεσθαι πρὸς τοὺς πλουσίους, of hangers-on and flatterers, D.21.139, cf. Plu.Phoc.21, Eum. 14, Ant.24;εἰς ἡδονὰς ἀπὸ.. πόνων Anon.
ap. Stob.4.31.84;ἀκούω σε λυρῳδοῦ γυναικὸς ἐρᾶν καὶ εἰς ἐκείνης φθειρόμενον πᾶσαν τὴν ἐφήμερον ἄγραν κατατίθεσθαι Alciphr.1.18
.3 to be morally corrupted,ἐφθάρη ἡ γῆ ἐναντίον τοῦ θεοῦ LXXGe.6.11
, cf. Ho.9.9, al.;ἔστι ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ σκηνῶν ἐν τοῖς Ἀριστοβούλου φθειρόμενος PCair.Zen.37.7
(iii B. C.); φθαρεὶς Εὔτυχος ὑπὸ τῆς Ἀρσινόης ib.620.7 (iii B. C.); but ἐν Σικυωνίαι ἐφθαρμένους is f.l. for ἐν Σικυῶνι διεφθ. (cj. Sintenis) in Plu.Arat.40.4 of seafarers, wander, drift (cf. supr. 1.2,πολύφθορος 11.2
,φθορά 8
),πόσον χρόνον πόντου 'πὶ νώτοις ἅλιον ἐφθείρου πλάνον; E.Hel. 774
; ναυτίλους ἐφθαρμένους sailors driven out of their course, Id.IT 276; ; of shipwrecked persons, νεῶν ( ἐκ νεῶν Elmsl.) ; also of travellers or wanderers by land, οὐχ ἕνα νομίζων φθείρεται πόλεως νόμον (v.l. τόπον) E.El. 234;ὁ Μενέλαος χρόνον πολὺν ἐφθείρετο πανταχόσε τῆς Ἐλλάδος D.Chr.7.95
; οὐδὲν δεῖ φθείρεσθαι περιόντα ( = περιιόντα)τὴν ἀρχὴν ἅπασαν Aristid.Or.26(14).33
; J.;τῶν μετοίκων τῶν ἐξ Ἑρμιόνης οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως εἰς Πειραιᾶ φθαρέντων Alciphr. 1.13
; μὴ περιΐδῃς ἀγαθοὺς γείτονας εἰς στενὸν τοῦ καιροῦ φθειρομένους ib.24; [Ἀλέξανδρον] ὑπὲρ τὸν Ἰνδὸν κτλ. φθειρόμενον Arr.An.7.4.2
; φθαρῆναι εἰς βάρβαρα ἔθνη ( ἐν βαρβάροις ἔθνεσι or ἔθεσι codd.) Phalar. Ep.49; φθαρέντων ἐς ἀλλήλους falling foul of one another, App. Praef.10 (s. v. l.).5 of women, χέρσους φθαρῆναι pine away in barrenness, S.OT 1502, cf. El. 1181 (unless wander, cf. supr. 11.4). (Cf. Skt. ksárati 'flow', later 'wane, perish', Avest. γζ?φθείρωXαρ- and ζ?φθείρωXγαρ- 'flow'.) -
38 καταβαίνω
+ V 69-159-58-34-29=349 Gn 11,5.7; 12,10; 15,11; 18,21to go down, to come down Gn 43,4; id. (metaph.) Ps 7,17; to come or go down from [ἔκ τινος] Ex 32,1; id. [ἀπό τινος] Ex 32,15; to descend (of the Lord from heaven) Ex 19,11; to go down, to descend (to a river) Ex 2,5; to go down, to flow to the sea Jos 3,16; to go ashore Ez 27,29; to go down to [τι] Ps 103(104),8; to go down against sb [ἐπί τινα] 2 Chr 20,16to alight, to settle on, to perch on [ἐπί τι] (of birds) Gn 15,11; to come down, to precipitate, to settle, to deposit (of dawn, manna) Nm 11,9; to pour down (of hail) Is 32,19; to come down, to drop (of rain, snow) Is 55,10; to descend (to the earth) Ex 33,9to pass from... to... [ἀπό τινος ἐπί τι] (of border) Nm 34,11; to go down to, to pass to [ἐπί τι] (of borders) Jos 18,13; to lead down (of steps) Neh 3,15; to go down on the degrees of the dial [τι] (of the sun) Is 38,8οἱ καταβαίνοντες εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν ἐν πλοίοις those who sail downstream towards the sea Ps 106(107),23; καταβήσονται ζῶντες εἰς ᾅδου those alive will go down to Hades, the living will die Nm 16,30; κατέβη εἰς Αἴγυπτον he went down to Egypt Gn 12,10; δάκρυα καταβαίνει ἐπὶ σιαγόνα tears run down the cheek Sir 35,15; οὐ κατέβη τὸ ὄρος she did not go down the mountain Jdt 10,10*2 Kgs 9,32 κατάβηθι (μετ’ ἐμοῦ) come down with me-עמי יתִּ אַ? אתה for MT מי יתִּ ִא (who is) with me, who; *Jer 28(51),14 οἱ καταβαίνοντες those who came down-ירד for MT הידד cry, shout; *Ez 31,18 κατάβηθι καὶ καταβιβάσθητι descendand be brought down-והורדת רדה for MT והורדת and you will be brought down, cpr. Ez 32,18; *Ez 47,15 καταβαινούσης that descends-הירד for MT הדרך the road?, cpr. Ez 48,1Cf. BEWER 1953 165(Ez 31,18); WEVERS 1990 298(Ex 19,10).388(Ex 24,16); 1993 728 -
39 ἰ̄ός 3
ἰ̄ός 3.Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `poison' (Pi., trag., Plu.).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in ἰο-βόρος `poison eating' (Nic., Opp.);Derivatives: ἰώδης `poisonous' (Rom. empire).Etymology: Old word for `poison', often replaced by euphemistic expressions ( φάρμακον, Lat. venēnum, Germ. gift, French poison etc.), but still present in the languages of the margin, i. e. Indo-Iranian and Italo-Celtic: Skt. vĭṣá- n., Av. vī̆ša-, Lat. vīrus n. (genus sec.) = Irisch fī, IE *u̯ī̆so-; on the quantity cf. e. g. the cases in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 91. Beside these thematic forms there is Av. viš- `id.' and, with deviating meaning, Skt. viṣ- `faeces'. Thus Lat. vīrus also means `tough fluidity, slime, sap'; cf. also Welsh gwyar `blood' and 4. ἰός. As IE *u̯ī̆s(o)- is prob. partly a tabuistic substitution, one considered connection with a verb, Skt. veṣati `flow out' (gramm.), with a Germ. river-name as Wisura `Weser', Vistula `Weichsel' (Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 4, 38ff.); however, these `Old European' river names of Krahe are in general pre-, i.e. non-IE. - Lit. bei Bq, WP. 1, 243f., W.-Hofmann s. vīrus.Page in Frisk: 1,730Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἰ̄ός 3
-
40 δεύω
δεύω (A), [tense] impf. ἔδευον, [dialect] Ep. δεῦον, [dialect] Ion. δεύεσκον, Od.8.522, Il.13.655, Od.7.260: [tense] fut.Aδεύσω Eub.90.4
: [tense] aor.ἔδευσα Eup.332
, Pl.Com. 173.9, S.Aj. 376(lyr.):—[voice] Med., Od.5.53:—[voice] Pass., ib.6.44, etc.: [tense] fut. δεύσομαι ([etym.] ἀνα-) Gal.10.867: [tense] aor.ἐδεύθην Hp.Ulc.11
, Thphr.HP9.9.1: [tense] pf.δέδευμαι E.Fr.467.5
, Pl.Lg. 782c, X.Cyr.6.2.28:—wet, drench, δεῦε δὲ γαῖαν (sc. αἷμα) Il.13.655, cf. 23.220;γλάγος ἄγγεα δεύει 2.471
;δάκρυ δ' ἔδευε.. παρειάς Od.8.522
;σπογγιὰν δεύων Hp.Loc. Hom.12
: c. dat. modi,εἵματα δ' αἰεὶ δάκρυσι δεύεσκον Od.7.260
:— [voice] Pass.,δεύοντο δὲ δάκρυσι κόλποι Il.9.570
;αἵματι δὲ χθὼν δεύετο 17.361
;χρίμασι δευόμενοι Xenoph.3.6
;μέλιτι καρποὶ δεδευμένοι Pl.Lg.
l.c.; to be flooded with light,ἀργέτι δεύεται αὐγῇ Emp.21.4
; ῥίζα ὄξει δευθεῖσα steeped in.., Thphr. l. c.:—[voice] Med., πυκινὰ πτερὰ δεύεται ἅλμῃ wets his wings in the brine, Od.5.53, cf. E.Alc. 184: rarely c. gen. modi,αἵματος ἔδευσε γαῖαν Id.Ph. 674
(lyr.).2 mix a dry mass with liquid, so as to make it fit to knead, Ar.Fr. 271;δεῦσαι καὶ μάξαι X.Oec.10.11
;ἄρτον ὕδατι δεδευμένον Id.Cyr.6.2.28
; ἀλφίτοις δ. knead up with meal, D.H.7.72.II causal, make to flow, shed,ἐρεμνὸν αἷμ' ἔδευσα S.Aj. 376
(lyr.).------------------------------------A miss, want, [voice] Act. used by Hom. only in [tense] aor., ἐδεύησεν δ' οἰήϊον ἄκρον ἱκέσθαι he missed, failed in reaching it, Od.9.483, 540: δεύει, = δεῖ, IG12(2).526A 19 ([place name] Eresus);δεύοντος Alc.Oxy.1788.15
ii 3.II Dep. [full] δεύομαι, [tense] fut.δευήσομαι Od.6.192
, = [dialect] Att. δέομαι, feel the want or loss of, be without, θυμοῦ δευόμενος reft of life, Il.3.294, 20.472; stand in need of, ;ἐν καίροις ἐπιμεληΐας δευομένοις IG12(2).243
([place name] Mytilene); αἴ κέ τινος δεύωνται ib.15.26; ἐδεύετο ἤματος ὥρη.. νέεσθαι the time of day required her to return, A.R.3.1138.2 to be wanting, deficient in,δ. πολέμοιο Il.13.310
μάχης ἄρα πολλὸν ἐδεύεο 17.142
: abs., in need,22.492
; τετράκις εἰς ἑκατὸν δεύοιτό κεν it would fall short.., A.R.2.974.3 c. gen. pers., to be inferior to,ἄλλα τε πάντα δεύεαι Ἀργείων Il.23.484
;οὔ τευ δευόμενον Od.4.264
.
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