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1 γῡρός
γῡρόςGrammatical information: adj.Derivatives: γῦρος m. `rounding, circle' (Thphr.) with γύριος `forming a γ.' (Anon. ap. Suid.), γυραλέος (Opp.). Denom. γυρόω `make round, make a circle' (LXX, Nic.) with γύρωσις (pap., Gp.); also γυρεύω `walk in a circle' (Str.). γυριστός `curved' (Sch.), γυρτόν κυφόν H. - Also γυρῖνος m. `tadpole' (Pl.; but with short υ) with γυρινώδης (Arist.). - Here also PlN like Γυραὶ πέτραι (δ 500), s. Bechtel Lex. s. v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Unknown.Page in Frisk: 1,335-336Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γῡρός
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2 λᾱρός
λᾱρόςGrammatical information: adj.Meaning: `delicious, sweet, fine' (Il.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The superlative λαρώτατος points to a positive with orig. short stem-syllable; as further the first syllable can everywhere be replaced by two short syllables *Chantraint, Gramm. hom. 1, 33), we can assume a basis *λα(Ϝ)αρος or λα(Ϝ)ερος; further perh. to ἀπο-λαύω (Jurmann KZ 11, 399). Not with Kretschmer KZ 31, 295 from *λασερος to λιλαίομαι; diff.. Ehrlich KZ 41, 301 n. 2 (to Lith. lasùs `voracious').Page in Frisk: 2,86-87Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λᾱρός
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3 λῑρός
λῑρόςGrammatical information: adj.Meaning: `bold, shameless, lewd' (Call. Fr. 229, Alex. Aet. 3, 30).Derivatives: λιραίνει ἀναιδεύεται H.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Unexplained. Often connected with λαιμός, but with divergent further connections, s. Bq and WP. 2, 377 (cf. on λαιμός). Formally closer, semantically not farther, connection with λιμός `hunger'. - Not with Hoffmann Dial. 3, 372 (to λελιημένος); nor with Prellwitz (to Skt. līlā `play'); unconvincing Fur. 240.Page in Frisk: 2,128Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λῑρός
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4 πάπῡρος
πάπῡροςGrammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `shrub of the papyros, linnen, paper' (Thphr., Dsc., pap.).Derivatives: παπύρ-ιον n. dimin. (Dsc.), -( ε)ών m. `bed of papyros' (Aq., inscr.), - ινος `made of p.' (Delos IIa, Plu., pap.), - ικός `id.' (pap.), - ώδης `p.-like' (Gal., sch.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Foreign word of unknown origin. Quite doubtful hypothesis by Lagarde in Lewy Fremd. 172 and Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 153, of Grilli in Belardi Doxa 3, 217. From Greek Lat. papȳrus. An older name of papyrus is βύβλος (s. βίβλος). Cf. Mayser Pap. 1, 35. From Egypt. Vergote, Mélanges Grégoire 3, 1951, 414-6. Note that Pre-Greek has a suffix -ῡρ-.Page in Frisk: 2,472Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πάπῡρος
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5 πῠρός
πῦρ, πῠρόςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `fire' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. pukawo = *πυρ-καϜοι?Compounds: Many compp., e.g. πυρ-καϊά, Ion. -ϊή f. `fireplace, pyre' (Il.), from *πυρ-καϜ-ιά̄, compound of πῦρ and καίω ( καῦ-σαι) with ι̯ᾱ-suffix, acc. as in σποδιά, ἀνθρακιά a. o.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 93 w. diff. interpretation; cf. Myc. pukawo; πυρ-φόρος `fire- or torch-bearing, -bearer' (Pi.), later also πυρο-φόρος; cf. Schwyzer 440; πυρι-γενής `born, worked in fire' (E. a.o.); ἄ-πυρ-ος `untouched by fire, without fire' (Il.); on πυρ-πολέω s. πέλομαι; on πυρ-αύστης etc. s. 2. αὔω; on πυρι-ήκης s. v.Derivatives: Many derivv. A. Subst.: 1. πῠρά n. pl. `watch-fires' (Il.), dat. πυροῖς (X.), prop. plur. of πῦρ with transition in the ο-stems and accentshift (Egli Heteroklisie 18 a. 22 f.). 2. πυρ-ά̄, Ion. -ή f. `fireplace, pyre' (IL). 3. πυρ-σός m., pl. alo - σά n. `firebrand, fire-signal' (with remarkable oxytonesis) with - σώδης `firebrand-like' (E. in lyr.), - σεύω `to ignite, to give a fire-signal' (E.; X.), - σεία, - σευτήρ, σευτής (hell.), - σίτης `fire-colour' (Philostr.). 4. πυρ-ετός m. `burning heat, fever' (Χ 31; after νιφετός? Porzig Satzinhalte 245) with πυρ-έσσω, Att. - έττω, aor. - έξαι, adj. - εκτικός; - ετιάω, - εταίνω, - ετώδης, - έτιον, - ετικός. 5. πυρ-εῖα, Ion. -ήϊα n. pl. `lighter, firesticks' (h. Merc.; not with Zumbach Neuerungen 14 from πυρή `pyre'). 6. πυρ-ία, Ion. - ίη f. `vapour-, sweating-bath etc.' (Ion., Arist.), `fishing by torchlight' (Arist.), with - ιάω `to prepare a vapour-bath, to foment, to warm' (Hp.), from which - ίαμα, - ίασις, - ιατήρ, - ιατήριον (Scheller Oxyton. 55); also - ιάτη f. `warmed animal-milk' (com.). 7. πυρ-ίδιον n. `spark' (Thphr.). 8. πυρ-ίτης m. `copper ore, ore' (Dsc., pap.), "fireman", surn. of Hephaistos (Luc.); Redard 36, 60, 245. 9. πύρ-εθρον, - ος, - ωθρον `pellitory, Anthemis pyrethrum' (because of the warming effect; Strömberg Pfl.namen 82 a. 146f.). 10. πυρ-αλ(λ)ίς s. v. 11. Πυρ-ωνία surn. of Artemis (Paus.). -- B. Adj.: 1. πυρ-ώδης `fire-like, fiery' (IA.); 2. - ινος `fiery' (Arist., Plb.); 3. - όεις `id.' (hell.), also as n. of the planet Mars (Arist., hell.); 4. on πυρρός s. v. C. Verbs: 1. πυρ-όομαι, - όω, also w. ἐκ- a.o., `to catch fire, to set on fire' (Pi., Ion. Att.; Wackernagel Unt. 124) with πύρ-ωσις ( ἐκ-, δια- a.o.) f., - ωμα, - ωτής, - ωτικός; 2. πυρ-εύω `to make fire, to kindle' (Pl.; ἐμπυρ-εύω, - ίζω from ἔμ-πυρος) with - εύς, - ευτής, - ευτικός (more in Bosshardt 83); 3. πυρ-άζω EM as explanation of 4. πυρακτέω; s.v.Etymology: With πῦρ, πῠρ-ός agrees exactly Umbr. pir nom. acc. (from * pūr), abl. pur-e (from *pŭr-), thus, with secondary vowelenlargement, Arm. hur, gen. hr-oy (\< *pū̆r-o-) and OWNo. fūrr, fȳrr (\< PGm. * fūr-i-). The word was originally an heteroclitic r \/ n- stem and is still so inflected in Hitt. paḫḫu(u̯a)r, gen. paḫḫu̯enaš. Traces of this formation can still be seen in Germ.: Goth. fōn, gen. fun-ins as opposed to OHG fuir, fiur, Feuer; also in Arm.: hn-oç `fireplace, furnace' a opposed to hur (s. above); note also Toch. A pl. por-äṃ (= -n; combination of r and n?, v. Windekens IF 65, 249 ff.). The ablaut, which appears already from the above cited forms, is now reconstructed as a proterodynamic r\/n-neuter: IE *peh₂-ur: ph₂-u̯en-s; cf. Specht KZ 59, 283ff.), was simplified in Greek (the change in quantity is not old). -- Beside this neutral matter-indicating word for `fire' Indo-European had an as old word indicating fire as active entity in Lat. ignis, Skt. agní-, Lith. ugnìs, OCS ognь; a parallel double designation, which represents two different interpretations of nature, is found with the words for `water' (s. ὕδωρ). On this Schulze Kl. Schr. 194f., Meillet MSL 21, 249ff., Bonfante Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 33ff., Mastrelli Arch. glottol. it. 43, 1 ff. On tabuistic replacing words for `fire' Havers Sprachtabu 64ff. Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 14f., Pok. 828, W.-Hofmann s. pūrus (relation quite hypothetic and quite doubtful; s. on this with further discussion Mayrhofer s. punā́ti; also Blesse KZ 75, 195).Page in Frisk: 2,627-629Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πῠρός
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6 πῡρός
πῡρόςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `(grain of) wheat' (Il.).Other forms: mostly pl. πῡροί (Schwyzer-Debr. 43, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 2, 30), Dor. (Cos, Thera, Syracuse a.o.) σπυρός.Compounds: Compp., e.g. πυρο-φόρος `wheat-bearing' (Il.), διόσ-πυρον n. `the cherry-like fruit of Celtis australis' (Thphr.), - πυρος m. = λιθόσπερμον (Dsc.; Strömberg Pfl.namen 128 a. 138); on the gender cf. βούτυρον, - ος (s.v.).Derivatives: Dimin. πυρίδια pl. n. (Ar., pap.); the adj. πύρ-ινος (E., X., hell.), - ικός (pap.), - ώδης (Str.), - άμινος (Hes. fr. 117 a.o.; after κυάμ-, σησάμ-ινος; Forbes Mnem. 4: 11, 157) `of wheat', - αμίς, - αμοῦς (s. v.); the subst. πυρ-ίτης ἄρτος `wheat-bread' (Aët.), αὑτο-πυρίτης (Phryn. Com., Hp.) = αὑτό-πυρος a. o. (Redard 90). -- Also πυρήν, - ῆνος m. `pip, stone of fruit' (Ion., Arist., hell.; Solmsen Wortforsch. 125f.) with ἀ-πύρην-ος `pitless' (Ar. Fr. 118, Thphr. etc.) a.o.; πυρην-ίς (Tanagra IIIa; wr. πουρεινις), - ιον (Thphr.), - ίδιον (Delos IIIa, pap.) `kernel, knag, knob'; also πυρην-άδες f. pl. n. of guild in Ephesos (inscr.); - ώδης `pit-like' (Thphr.).Etymology: Old designation of wheat, which is also retained in Balto-Slav., e.g. Lith. pūraĩ pl. `winter corn', sg. pũras m. `single corn of winter corn', SCr. pȉr m. `spelt', Russ.-CSl. pyro ' ὄλυρα, κέγχρος', Russ. pyréj `dog-grass, Triticum repens'; to this from Germ. OE fyrs `dog-grass' (deviating stem; cf. Specht Ursprung 69). Skt. pūraḥ m. `cake' remains far (Mayrhofer KEWA s.v. w. lit.). On the facts Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 647. -- Anlaut. σ- in σπυρός perh. from σῖτος or from σπόρος, σπέρμα (Fraenkel Phil. 97, 169 f., IF 59, 304 f.). Further forms w. lit. in Fraenkel and Vasmer s.vv.; also WP. 2, 83 and Pok. 850. -- Orig. old `Wanderwort' (Schwyzer 58 n. 3 with Güntert a.o.)? After Nieminen KZ 74, 170f. as "what is beaten, what is threshed" to IE * pēu-, pǝu- (Pok. 827) `beat, hew cutting' in Lith. piáuti `cut, mow', Lat. paviō `beat'; worth considering.Page in Frisk: 2,631Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πῡρός
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7 ἱερός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: "holy", `dedicated to a god, divine', also in gen. praising `glorious, excellent, strong, quick etc.' (cf. below); ἱερόν n. `consecrated area, temple' (posthom.), ἱερά n. pl., rarely sg. `Weihgeschenk, sacrifice(animal)' (Il.).Compounds: As 1. member in many compp., not mentioned here.Derivatives: (Dialectforms not noted): 1. ἱερεύς (Il.), Arc. Cypr. ἱερής, Ion. also ἱέρεως (hardly taken from ἀρχιέρεως, Sommer Nominalkomp. 129, Egli Heteroklisie 111f. with new explan.) m. `who performs the sacrifices (τὰ ἱερά), offerer, priest' (Schulze KZ 52, 193 = Kl. Schr. 573; after Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς rather backformation from ἱερεύω; on meaning and spread E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 81f.). From ἱερεύς: a) several feminines (cf. on βασιλεύς): ἱέρεια (Il.), Cypr. ἰερήϜιϳα, Ion. ἱερέη, -ῆ; ἱερηΐς (Megar.), ἱέρισσα (pap. IIa); b) the nouns ἱερεία `priest-ship' (Thyateira; cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 311), ἱερεῖον, -ήϊον `sacrif. animal' (Il.), ἱερ(ε)ωσύνη `priest-ship' (IA) with ἱερ(ε)ώσυνος `priesterly' (hell.); c) the adjective ἱερευτικός `priesterly (pap.); d) the denominatives ἱερεύω `offer, devote' (Il.) with ἱέρευσις (sch.) and ἱερεύσιμος (Plu. 2, 729d, besides θύσιμος; Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 94), or from ἱερός, ἱερά; ἱερεώομαι, ἱερεώσασθαι `be priest' (hell.; Schulze Symb. phil. Danielsson 304 = Kl. Schr. 325). - 2. ἱερόλας = ἱερεύς (S. Fr. 57; uncertain; on the formation Chantraine Formation 238). - 3. ἱερῖτιν καθαρμοῦ δεομένην, ἱκέτιν H. (A. Fr. 93). - 4. ἱερατικός `priesterly, hieratic' (Pl. Plt. 290d, Arist.; cf. also ἱερατεύω, ἱερατεία below). - 5. Ι῝ερυς PN (Leumann Glotta 32, 220). - 6. Several denomin.: a) ἱερεύω, cf. om ἱερεύς; b) ἱεράομαι care for the victims ( ἱερά)' (Hdt., Th.); c) ἱεράζω `id.' (Ion. islands), Boeot. ἱαρειάδδω, prob. from ἱαρεία; d) ἱερόω `consecrate' (Att., Locr. etc.) with ἱέρωμα `consecration' (Cret., Epid. etc.), ἱερωτός (Thess.); e) ἱερίζω = καθαίρω H. (s. ἁγνίτης) with ἱεριστής `who cares for the ἱερα' and ἱερισμός `holy service' (hell.); f) ἱερατεύω `be priest' with ἱερατεία, ἱεράτευμα, ἱερατεῖον; ἱεριτεύω `id.'; ἱερωτεύω `id.' with ἱερωτεία; all dialectical, hell.; on the formation Schwyzer 732, Solmsen Glotta 1, 80.Etymology: The different meanings, partly also the variation in form induced many scholars to split ἱερός in two or even in three words. Thus one has because of the long anlaut in ἱ̄ερὸν ἰχθύν Π 407, ἱαρὸς ὄρνις (Alkm. Fr. 26) and ἱερὸς ὄρ. (AP 7, 171), which can be easily explained as metr. lengthening, assumed a special Ϝῑερός `rapid, quick', from where ἱέραξ `hawk' (s. v.). In the meaning `strong, forceful' ἱερός would however be identical with Skt. iṣirá- etwa `strong, active'; here also Celtic river names like Isara (Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 4, 121f.). A third ἱερός, as `holy', would have connections with Italic and Germanic, e. g. Osc. aisusis `sacrifiis', Paelign. aisis, Umbr. erus `dis', OHG ēra ` Ehre'. Thus esp. Schulze Q. 207ff. after Ahrens Phil. 27, 585ff., Solmsen Unt. 147ff. For uniform origin, though in parts different, Kuhn KZ 2, 274, Meillet Zeitschr. celt. Phil. 10, 309, Devoto Studi etr. 5, 316, v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 21f., Specht in Schaeder ZDMG 94, 408, Duchesne-Guillemin Mélanges Boisacq 1, 333ff., who as support of the old comparison with Skt. iṣirá- pointed to the agreement between ἱερὸν μένος and Skt. iṣiréṇa mánasā (instr.). On which now R. Schmitt Dichtung u. Dichtersprache 111-114. - Kretschmer Glotta 11, 278ff. (s. also Glotta 30, 88) considered ἱερός as cross of Gr. * aisaros, * eiseros `divine' (with Etr. aesar `god' and Osc. aisusis etc.) and an IE word for `strong' (= Skt. iṣirá-). - See P. Wülfing von Martitz, Glotta 38 (1960) 272-307 and 39 (1961)24-43; s. also Belardi Doxa 3, 207. J.P. Locher, Unters. zυ ἱερός haupts. bei Homer (Berne 1963). The change ἱερός, ἱαρός, ἰ̄ρός (IE * iseros, *isr̥os, *isrós ?) Schwyzer 482 and 243; Ramat, Sprache 8 (1962) 4-28 connects Skt. iṣṇāti `set in movement', which gives * ish₁ro-. Lesbian ἶρος must be due to assimilation. Dot. ἱαρός is due to dev. before r. On the aspiration ibd. 219f. On the meaning (against ἅγιος, ἁγνός) Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 61ff.; also J. Chr. Bolkestein Ο῝σιος en εὑσεβής. diss. Amsterdam 1936, Palmer Eranos 53, 4ff., Defradas Rev. de phil. 81, 208ff. - Older lit. in Bq. García Ramón, Akten VII. Fachtagung, Innsbruck 1992, 183-205, connects 1. eis- (Pok. 299f.) `set in motion', i. e. Skt. iṣṇāti, Gr. ἰνάω (ῑ-), which gives * h₁ish₂-ro-, but assumes that between s and cons. a laryngeal was lost, giving ἰ̃ ρος etc.; - ερος and - αρος would be replacements.Page in Frisk: 1,713-714Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἱερός
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8 κλῆρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `lot, allotment, inheritance, piece of ground' (Il.), `(Christian) clergy' (Just.).Other forms: Dor. κλᾶροςCompounds: Compp., e. g. κληρο-, κλᾱρο-νόμος `heir' with - νομέω, - νομία, - νομικός a. o. (IA, Dor.); ἄ-κληρος `without lot, without inheritance, poor' (λ 490); but ναύ-κληρος, -κλᾱρος from ναύ-κρᾱρος (s. v.); after this also ὁλό-κληρος `complete' (IA.) from *ὁλό-κρᾱρος? (Debrunner Phil. 95, 174ff.); against this with good grounds W. den Boer Mnemos. 3: 13, 143f.Derivatives: Diminut. κληρίον (AP, pap.), Dor. κλᾱρίον `notes for debt' (Plu. Agis 13); adj. κληρικός `belonging to a\/the κλ.' (Vett. Val.); denomin. verb κληρόω, κλᾱρόω `cast lots, choose by lot', midd. `have allotted one, obtain by lot' (IA., Dor.) with κλήρωσις `choosing by lot', κληρωτήριον `urn for casting lots, room for voting', κληρωτός `who can\/is chosen by lot' (IA.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Prop. "sherd of stone, piece of wood" (used as lot). Identical with a Celtic word for `table': OIr. clār, Welsh claur, and as expression of the cartwright Bret. kleur `pitch-fork of a wagon'; the Celtic words seem only very remotely cognate if at all (a `table' is hardly a piece broken off). Connected with κλάω `break off' with the same ablaut as in κλῆ-μα, κλᾶ-μα, Lat. clā-d-ēs. Further s. κλάω, but see my doubts there.Page in Frisk: 1,872-873Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλῆρος
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9 ναύκληρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `shipowner, (ship-)captain', who lets out his ship and places on board to other persons (IA.; on the meaning against ἔμπορος and κάπηλος Finkelstein ClassPhil. 30, 320 ff.); metaph. `owner of a rented house' (com.).Derivatives: ναυκληρ-ία f. `the position of a ναύκλη-ρος, ship-owners' society, navigation' (Att.; or from ναυκληρέω [s.below]); - ιον n. `freighter' (D., E.); ναυ-κλάρ-ιος surn. of Poseidon (Delos Ia), - κληρ-ικός `belonging to the ν.' (Pl. Lg.), ναυκληρώσιμοι στέγαι τὰ πανδοκεῖα H. (after μισθώσιμος; Arbenz 90). Denomin. ναυκληρ-έω 'be ναύκληρος' (Att.), metaph. `govern (a state)' (trag.), with ναυκληρήματα pl. `shipping' (Tz.). -- Besides ναύκραρος ( ναύκλαρος H.) m. name of the manager of a ναυκραρία (Lex Solonis ap. Arist. Ath. 8, 3, Hdt. u.a.) with ναυκραρ-ία f. part of a phyle in solonic Athens, for financial and administrative purposes (Arist. Ath. 8, 3), - ια n. pl. `registry of the ναύκραροι' (Ammon. Gramm.), - ικός `belonging to the ν-ρος or a ν-ρία' (Lex Solonis ap. Arist.).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Through dissimilation and at the same time connection with the better understandable κλῆρος arose from the older ναύκρα-ρος, which remained only in techical sense, the usual ναύκλαρος, ναύκληρος. Prop. "who stands at the head of a ship"; so ναύ-κρᾱρ-ος with the same zero grade as the 2. member as in ὀρθό-κραιρα (s. κραῖρα). Here κρᾱ-ρ- can stand beside κερα-σ- or (better) for *κρᾱσ-ρ- which belong to *κρᾱσ-ν- in κρᾱν-ίον (s.v. and κάρᾱ); zero- and full grade forms in κάρηνα (\< *καρασ-ν-α) and Lat. cere-brum (\< * ceras-r-om), s. κάρηνα and κέρας. The same final element in Boeot. (Λ)α-κρᾱρίδας \< *Λά-κρᾱρ-ος; cf. Λέ-αρχος a.o. Solmsen RhM 53, 151 ff. -- Lat. LW [loanword] nauclērus; cf. Friedmann Die jon. u. att. Wörter 26ff., with v. Blumenthal Gnomon 15, 166 n. 2.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ναύκληρος
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10 πυρρός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `blazing red, tawny', esp. of hair (of the head) and haircovering, `red' (IA.; poet.).Other forms: πυρσός (E., Mosch.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. πυρρό- ( πυρσό-)θριξ `red-haired' (E. in lyr., Arist., Poll.), ἐπί-πυρρος `reddish' (Arist., Thphr. a.o.; Strömberg Prefix Stud. 106).Derivatives: 1. many popular-expressive formations: πυρρίας m. `red-haired man', esp. of slaves (Ar.), ΠυρϜίας PN (Corinth VIa; Latte Glotta 35, 296f.), ΠυρϜαλίων PN (Argos; Schulze Kl. Schr. 115 w. n. 3); πυρράκης `with reddish hair-colour', "redskin" (LXX, hell. pap.), πυρρίχος `red', of a bull (Theoc.), also as PN; from this πυρρίχη f. n. of a weapondance (Att.) with - ίχιος, - ιχίζω a.o.? 2. πύρρ-α f. n. of a bird (Ael.), - αία f. `red robe?' (Halic. IIIa). 3. πυρρό-της f. `red hair-colour' (Arist.). 4. verbs: πυρσ-αίνω `to colour red' (E. in lyr. a.o.), πυρρ-ίζω (LXX), - άζω (Ev. Matt.) `to be red', of heaven, - ιάω `to redden, to blush' (late).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The relation of the Cor. horsename ΠυρϜος (Myc. Puwo, -wa, - wino? Gallavotti Par. del Pass. 12, 11) and ΠυρϜ-ίας, - αλίων (s. ab.) to IA. πυρρός, is not quite clear, as a PGr. *πυρϜος should have given in IA. *πῠρός\/πῡρος. Therefore one posits since Hoffmann Dial. 3, 589 (s. also Schwyzer 335 f.) usually PGr. *πυρσϜός. πυρρός for *πῡ̆ρός through expressive gemination? On the Ϝο-sufflx in colour-adj. Chantraine Form. 123, Schwyzer 472; on the phonetics also Lejeune Traité de phon. 119 n. 2, Forbes Glotta 36, 262f. Further s. πῦρ [?] and πυρσός (s.v. πῦρ and s.v.). Diff. Schulze Kl. Schr. 115f.: to Lith. pur̃vas `dirt, muck'; on this Fraenkel s.v. w. further lit. -- On derivv. from πυρρός in Lat. a. Rom. Kahane Glotta 39, 133 ff.Page in Frisk: 2,631-632Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πυρρός
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11 δαρός
δᾱρός, δαήρAus Lydien: masc gen sgδᾱρός, δηρόςlong: masc nom sg (doric) -
12 ψαρός
ψᾱρός, ψάρstarling: masc gen sgψᾱρός, ψαρόςlike a starling: masc nom sg -
13 δηρός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `lasting long'(Il.)Other forms: dor. δᾱρός, mostly δηρόν, δᾱρόν as adv. `long'. On the use Björck Alpha impurum 126, 208, 210).Etymology: To δήν, δ(Ϝ)ά̄ν from *δϜᾱ-ρός. (Not to Arm. erkar `lasting long'; s. Kortlandt, Armeniaca 92f.). The same root form in Hitt. tuu̯a adv. `far', tuu̯ala- adj. `far from' (Benveniste BSL 33, 142f.). Another form in Skt. comp. dávīyān `further' (*deu̯h₂-) with analogical superlativ dáviṣṭha-. with zero grade in OP. duvaištam, Av. dbōištǝm `diutissime'; alo in Arm. tev-em `hold out'. Zero grade also in Skt. dū-rá- `far', Lat. dū-dum `(already) long' a. o. - See Pok. 219f.Page in Frisk: 1,382-383Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δηρός
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14 ἰσχύ̄ς
ἰσχύ̄ς, -ῠ́οςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `power, strength, might' (seit Hes.).Compounds: Comp. ἄν-ισχυς `powerless' (LXX). - as 1. member e. g. ἰσχυρο-ποιέω `strengthen, fortify' (Plb.), as 2. member (for uneasy - ισχυς, Frisk Adj. priv. 18) in ἀν-ίσχυρος `not strong, without power' (Hp., Str.), ὑπερ-ίσχυρος `extremely strong' (X., Arist.).Derivatives: Denomin. verb ἰσχύω, aor. ἰσχῦσαι, also with prefix, ἐν-, ἐξ-, κατ-, ὑπερ- etc., `have power, strength, might' (Pi., Hp., att.) with ἴσχυσις (LXX). - Adj. ἰσχῡρός `powerful, strong, mighty, vehement' (IA) - From there ἰσχυρικός `strong' (Pl. Tht. 169b; expressive enlargement?; diff. Chantraine Ét. sur le vocab. gr. 147) and the denominatives 1. ἰσχυρίζομαι, also with prefix as δι-, ἀπ-, ἀντ-, `prove strong, exert oneself, proclaim emphatically etc.' (Heraclit., Att.) with the desiderative ἰσχυρι-είω `venture to affirm' (Hp.); 2. κατ-ισχυρεύομαι `be vehement' (Aq.); Ίσχύλος PN (inscr.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: From H. (and Hdn. Gr. 1, 509) βίσχυν (Lac.), γισχύν ἰσχύν would lead to PGr. *Ϝισχύ̄ς (which Brugmann IF 16, 493f., Grundr.2 2: 1, 209 connected with Skt. vi-ṣah- `have in one's power'; so to σχ-εῖν, ἔχειν (s. v.) with the prefix *u̯i- `from one another', also augment.; cf. on ἴδιος). But Myc. isukuwo-doto shows no digamma. The connection with ἔχειν seems rather improbable. On the ū-stem (like πληθύ̄ς, νηδύ̄ς etc.) s. Schwyzer 463f.; further Meid IF 63, 1 1, who assumes an abstract formation from an adj. *Ϝι-σχ-ύς `resisting' (- υ- as in ἐχυ-ρός), which is also not convincing - Diff. Meillet BSL 27, 129ff.: prothetic ἰ-, adaptation to Ϝίς sec. - Chantraine Emerita 19, 134ff. considers connection with ἰξύς, ἰσχίον; there also on meaning and use ( ἰσχύς as popular avoided by Hom. ?). Pre-Greek origin seems quite probable.Page in Frisk: 1,742-743Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἰσχύ̄ς
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15 κλῶμαξ
κλῶμαξ, - ᾰκοςGrammatical information: m.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Formation as λίθαξ, βῶλαξ etc. (Chantraine Formation 379). From a verbal noun *κλῶμος, prop. *`breach', from κλάω `brake' (s. v.)?; cf. περικεκλασμένος `lying on uneven, rocky grund', of τόποι, πόλεις, οἰκίαι (Plb.). Of the full grade in κλῆ-μα ( κλᾶ-μα), κλῆ-ρος ( κλᾶ-ρος)? - Beside it κρῶμαξ `id.', κρωμακόεις κρημνώδης H., κρωμακωτός (Eust. 330, 40; Paphlagonian) with ρ from κρημνός (which does no belong to κρεμάννυμι)? - After Belardi Doxa 3, 210 as Pre-Greek to Lat. grūmus `heap of earth., hill'. A connection with κλάω (and further κλῆμα, κλᾶρος) is improbable. The form with ρ could show Pre-Greek variationPage in Frisk: 1,879Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλῶμαξ
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16 λεία
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `spoils, esp. of plundered cattle, of war, of hunting', also `cattle, herd' (cf. Edgerton AmJPh 46, 177f.).Other forms: (Att.), Ion. ληΐη, Dor. (Pi. O. 10, 44) λᾳα f.; besides ληΐς (Dor. λαΐς), - ίδος f. (Il.)Compounds: Compp., e. g. λε-ηλατέω `drive away loot, esp. cattle' (Hdt., S., E., X.; after βο-, ἱππ-ηλατέω etc. from βο-, ἱππ-ηλά-της) with λεηλασ-ία, - ίη (X., A. R.), - άτησις (Aen. Tact.); ἀγε-λείη f. surn. of Athena `who drives on loot, provides' (Il.).Derivatives: ληϊάς f. `the seized, captured' (Υ 193, A. R.); ληϊ̃τις f. ' ἀγελείη' (K 460; after the nom. in - ῖτις), 'ληϊάς' (A. R., Lyc.); ληΐδιος `belonging to the loot, captured' (AP, APl.). Denominat. verb ληΐζομαι, λεΐζομαι `make spoils, plunder' (Il.) with several nouns: 1. ληϊστός, λεϊστός `to be caried off as booty' (I 406, 408; Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1, 14); 2. ληϊστύς f. `making booty, plundering `(Hdt. 5, 6; Porzig Satzinhalte 182); 3. *ληισμός in λῃ(ι)σμαδία αἰχμάλωτος, λεληισμένη H. - 4. ληϊστήρ, λῃστήρ m. `plunderer, pirate', f. λῄστειρα (Ael.), λῃστρίς (D., Herod.), with λῃστρικός `plundering' (IA.; cf. λῃστ-ικός below), λῃστή-ριον, Dor. λᾳσ- `gang of robbers,...nest, robbery' (Att., Cret.), λᾳστήριοι pl. `pirate' (hell. poetry); 5. ληΐστωρ, λῄσ- `id.' (ο 427); 6. ληϊστής, λῃσ-, λᾳσ- `id.' (IA.) with λῃστικός (often interchanged with λῃστρικός), λῃστεύω `rob, plunder' with λῃστεία `robbery' (Att.). Attempt to distinguish ληΐστωρ from ληϊστήρ, λῃστεία from ληϊστύς semantically by Benveniste Noms d'agent 30, 37, 69.Etymology: The abstract λεία, ληΐη from *λᾱϜ-ία and the ιδ-derivation ληΐς from *λᾱϜ-ίδ- which stands beside it (not with Bechtel Lex. 215 after Fraenkel old ī-stem because of ληϊ̃τις, s. v.) can go back either on a noun *λᾱϜ(-ο)- v. t. or directly on a verb, which with zero-grade is supposed in ἀπο-λαύω; s. v., and Pok. 655. S. further λᾱρός and λήϊον.Page in Frisk: 2,96Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λεία
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17 λευγαλέος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `wretched, unhappy, sore, baneful etc.' (Il.). -Derivatives: λυγρός `id.' (Il.). Parallel to λευγ-αλέος: λυγ-ρός are ἐρευθ-αλέος (late): ἐρυθ-ρός; λευγαλέος is isolated and archaic; from a noun ? (*λεῦγος like ἔρευθος?; cf. ἀργ-αλέος: ἄλγος, θαρσ-αλέος: θάρσος a. o., Schwyzer 484; or from an old l-stem?); λυγρός is also isolated (perh. from a primary verb, s. below).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [686] *leuǵ- `break'Etymology: The Greek adj. have in the other languages no directe agreement but several cognate forms, of which Lat. lūgeō `be sad' is semantically closest; it can be understood as an iterative-intensive secondary formation or as a denomin. (: * lūgus \< IE * lougo-s m. beside *λεῦγος \< IE * leugos- n.; also in lūgubris ?). -Behind the psychic representations of sadness and unhappiness in lūgeō, λευγαλέος, λυγρός there were no doubt terms for the outward expressions of these feelings (cf. Ernout-Meillet s. lūgeō); thus one finds connection with some primary verbs for `breach a. o.': Skt. rujáti `break, torment', Lith. lū́ž-ti `break' (intr.; širdìs lúžta `the heart breaks'), OHG liohhan `tear, draw' (but Arm. lucanem `make loose' rather with Meillet BSL 26. 4 to λύω, s. d.). - Further forms (for Greek unimportant) in WP. 2, 412f., Pok. 686, W.-Hofmann s. lūgeō, Fraenkel Wb. s. láužti. - On ἀλυκτοπέδη s. v.Page in Frisk: 2,108Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λευγαλέος
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18 μακεδνός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `tall, taper', of trees etc. (η 106, Nic., Lyc.); also as name of a people cognate with the Dorians (Hdt.).Derivatives: Also PN Μακεδόνες pl. m. `Macedonians', sg. - ών (IA.) wiht Μακεδον-ία, - ίη, - ικός `Macedonia, -nian' (IA.), also ἡ Μακεδον-ίς (Hdt.), - ῖτις (Ael.), i.e. γῆ, - ισσα `Macedonian woman' (Stratt.); μακεδονίζω `be pro-Macedonian' (Plb., Plu.). With long medial vowel Μακηδών (Hes. Fr. 5, 2, Kall.), - δονία, - ίη (hell. poet.). Beside Μακε-δόν-ες the form μακε-δν-ός seems to show ablaut, zero grade in the suffix, which is also seen (without variant - δόν-) also in γοε-δν-ός a. o. (Solmsen Wortforsch. 46). A suffixal, mostly primary - δόν- is at home in animal-names, some appellatives as well as in nom. actionis a. o. (Chantraine Form. 360ff., Schwyzer 529 f.). Not cognate with μακ-ρός, μῆκ-ος; cf. Specht Ursprung 199 u. 345. A by-form is Μακέτης (Gell.), f. - τις (Str., AP) and - τία, τη (AP), - τᾰ (pap.; Mayser 1: 3, 24); cf. οἰκέτης etc.; s. Schwyzer 498 n. 13, Krahe ZONF 11, 90. -Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: After Fick BB 26, 242 the Μακεδόνες were prop. "Highlanders" (beside Μακέτα *'Highland'). New, very daring and hypothetical interpretation by Pisani Arch. glottol. it. 33, 72: from *Μακι-κεδόνες "of who the Earth is high", from μακ-ι- (: μακ-ρός) and a Maced. word agreeing with χθών (s.v.); the second member is more than doubtful; the whole must be rejected. Doubts on the Greek origin of Μακεδόνες by Krahe Glotta 17, 159. -- Cf. μηκεδανός to μῆκος. Fur. does not discuss the forms. The name seems rather non-IE, so Pre-Greek; cf. Λακεδαίμων (cf. Fick, Vorgr. Ortsnamen 90). An analysis μακε-δνος is impossible in an IE word; also the form with τ points to Pre-Greek. The meaning of the adj. strongly suggests that it is cognate with μακρός, but this can hardly be accounted for in IE morphology.Page in Frisk: 2,163Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μακεδνός
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19 μάρτυς
Grammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `witness' (Il.; on the spread etc. E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 92 f., on the use in Homer Nenci Par. del Pass. 13, 221ff.) `martyr, (blood-witness)' (christ. lit.; s. Bauer Gr.-dt. Wb. s.v.).Other forms: Aeol. (Hdn. Gr.) a. Dor. μάρτυρ, Cret. Epid. μαῖτυς (- ρς), - ρος, acc. also μάρτυν (Simon.), dat. pl. μάρτυσι (- ρσι Hippon.?); ep., also NWGr. μάρτυρος.Compounds: Compp., e.g. μαρτυρο-ποιέομαι `call as witness' (inscr., pap.), ψευδό-μαρτυς `false witness' (Pl.; Risch IF 59, 257 f.), ἐπί-μαρτυς `witness' (Ar., Call., A. R.), prob. backformation from ἐπι-μαρτύρομαι, - ρέω; on supposed ἐπιμάρτυρος (for ἔπι μάρτυρος) see Leumann Hom. Wörter 71.Derivatives: μαρτυρία (λ 325; cf. below on μαρτυρέω), μαρτύριον (IA) `testimony, evidence'. Denominatives: 1. μαρτύρομαι, also wiht prefix, e.g. δια-, ἐπι-, `call as witness' (IA); 2. μαρτυρέω, often w. prefix, e.g. ἀντι-, ἐκ-, ἐπι-, δια-, κατα-, συν-, `testify, bear witness' (Alc., Pi., IA) with μαρτύρημα (E.), ( ἀντι-, κατα-)-μαρτύρησις (Epicur., pap.) `testimony', also ( δια-, ἐκ-, ἐπι-, συμ-) μαρτυρία `id.' (cf. above and Scheller Oxytonierung 34f. w. n. 4).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The basis may be a verbal noun *μάρ-τυ- `testimony', seen in μάρ-τυς, - τυν, - τυσι; cf. below. The change from abstract `testimony' to appellative `witness' is attested more often, e.g. Fr. témoin \< Lat. testimonium, Engl. witness orig. `testimony', then `witness'. The suffix ρο- gave the personal, prob. orig. adjectival μάρτυ-ρος. A compromise with μάρτυς gave perhaps the consonantstem μάρτυρ-; note esp. the gen. pl. μαρτύρων ( ἐναντίον μαρτύρων etc.), which can be both from the o-stem and from the consonantstem; further see Egli Heteroklisie 117ff. Dissimilation occurred in μαῖτυ(ρ)ς (\< *μάρτυρ-ς); μάρτυσι and μάρτυς can be explained in the same way (Schwyzer 260); cf. above. - As zero grade τυ-derivation μάρτυς may belong to a verb for `remember', which may be found in Skt. smárati and which may have other derivatives in Greek, e.g. μέριμνα (s. v.); proper meaning *'remembrance'. -- Not with Thieme Studien 55 (with criticism of the traditional interpretation): from *mr̥t-tur prop. `seizing death' (?), cf. Leumann Gnomon 25, 191. - But this cannot explain the vocalism, so rather a loand from Pre-Greek (Fur. 296). The speculations above, which start from an IE origin, must be rejected.Page in Frisk: 2,178-179Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μάρτυς
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20 νάω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `flow, stream' (Il.).Other forms: ipf. νᾶε(ν) A. R., Call., ναῖον ι 222), ναύει ῥέει, βλύζει H. (Aeol.), only presentstem except διαναῦσαι δια-πλεῦσαι H. and the ptc. aor. ἀμφι-ναέντος (Emp. 84).Derivatives: 1. ναέτωρ ῥέων, πολύρρους H., νάτωρ (S. Fr. 270); 2. νᾱρός `welding, streaming' (A. Fr. 347 = 764 Mette, S. Fr. 621); 3. νᾶμα n. `flowing water, source, stream' (trag., Pl., X., Arist.) with ναμά-τιον dimin. (Thphr.), - τιαῖος `from sources, source' (Aeschin.), - τώδης `rich in sources' (Thphr.); 4. νασμός = νᾶμα (E.), - ώδης H. -- Prob. also 5. Ναϊάς, Ion. Νηϊάς (Od., A. R., AP), Ναΐς, Ion. Νηΐς f. (Il.) `Naiade', s. below.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The present forms can all go back on *νάϜ-ι̯ω; the shortvocalic νᾰ́ω ( νάει, νάουσιν ζ 292, Φ 197) can as rhythmical variant stand for ναίω (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 167). Diff. Schwyzer 686 (with Schulze Q. 51 and Bechtel Lex. 234f.): *νάϜ-ω beside *νάϜ-ι̯ω; unnecessary. The ptc. ἀμφι-ναέντος (Emp. 84) was prob. formed after ῥυέντος. -- For the in Attic usual νᾶμα (s. v. Wilamowitz on Eur. Her. 625) a basic (but doubtful) form *ναϜεμα (*νάϜημα?) seems necessary; then also νᾱρός from *ναϜερός, νασμός from *ναϜεσμός, νάτωρ from *ναϜέτωρ; cf. Bechtel l.c. -- The longvocalic να-ϊάς, - ΐς, νη-ιάς, - ίς suppose a noun *νᾱϜ-α (cf. e.g. κρήν-η: - ιάς); prop. meaning then "daughter of a source". As all nymphs are considered as daughters of Zeus, the Naiades are connected with the Dodonäic Ζεὺς Νάϊος. A source in Dodona is only mentioned in late Latin writers, and Zeus as a god of sources is unknown (v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 228, Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 426 f.); the proper meaning of Νάϊος then remains unclear. If the Naiades have something to do at all with Ζεὺς Νάϊος, their qualification as daughters of a source must be left open. Agreements to νάω outside Greek are unknown. One compares the athematic long grade Skt. present snauti `drip', with the zero grade ptc. snuta-; further connections s. νέω and νήχω. Cf. also Νηρεύς.Page in Frisk: 2, 294Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νάω
См. также в других словарях:
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Ρος, Ρόναλντ — (Ross, 1857 – 1932). Άγγλος γιατρός και βακτηριολόγος. Σπούδασε ιατρική και υπηρέτησε σαν στρατιωτικός γιατρός στον αγγλικό στρατό των Ινδιών. Ο διορισμός του στη θέση αυτή τον βοήθησε στις έρευνές του για τα αίτια της ελονοσίας. Διαπίστωσε τότε… … Dictionary of Greek
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Ανταρκτική — Επιστημονική ονομασία της ηπειρωτικής περιοχής που είναι γνωστή κυρίως ως Νότιος Πόλος. Εκτείνεται γύρω από τον Νότιο Πόλο, βρίσκεται ολόκληρη Ν του Νότιου Πολικού Κύκλου και περιβάλλεται από τα νότια τμήματα του Ειρηνικού, του Ινδικού και του… … Dictionary of Greek
μικρός — ή, ό (ΑΜ μικρός και σμικρός, όν, θηλ. μικρά και σμικρά Α και δωρ. και ιων. τ. μικκός, όν) 1. αυτός που έχει μικρές διαστάσεις, που είναι περιορισμένος ως προς το μήκος, το μέγεθος, τον όγκο ή την επιφάνεια (α. «μικρό χωράφι» β. «Τυδεύς τοι μικρὸς … Dictionary of Greek
γαμπρός — ο (AM γαμβρός) 1. σύζυγος τής θυγατέρας κάποιου 2. σύζυγος τής αδελφής 3. ο νιόπαντρος ή εκείνος που ετοιμάζεται να παντρευτεί, ο μνηστήρας νεοελλ. 1. καθένας που βρίσκεται σε ηλικία γάμου ή θέλει να παντρευτεί 2. φρ. α) «σαν θέλει η νύφη κι ο… … Dictionary of Greek
χόνδρος — I Μικρό νησί στα Δωδεκάνησα, στη συστάδα της Κύμης και στον κόλπο της Δωρίδας του νησιού Κως, Δ του νησιού Νήμος. II Ημιορεινός οικισμός (υψόμ. 460 μ.), στην πρώην επαρχία Σελίνου, του νομού Χανίων. Υπάγεται διοικητικά στον δήμο Σαρακήνας. * * *… … Dictionary of Greek
σφοδρός — ή, ό / σφοδρός, ά, όν, ΝΜΑ, και σφοδρός, όν, Α ορμητικός, βίαιος ή έντονος, ισχυρός (α. «σφοδρή θαλασσοταραχή» β. «σφοδρός έρωτας» γ. «σφοδρόν καῡμα», Γαλ. δ. «σφοδρὸν μῑσος», Θουκ.) αρχ. 1. (για πρόσ.) α) παράφορος («νέος δὲ καὶ σφοδρὸς ὁ υἱὸς… … Dictionary of Greek