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81 κέλλω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `drive (on) (tr. a. intr.), move, put (a ship) to shore, land',Other forms: (gramm.), aor. κέλσαι (Od.; on the phonetics Schwyzer 285), fut. κέλσω (A., E.), κελῶ (H.)Compounds: also with prefix, esp. ὀ-κέλλω, aor. ὀκεῖλαι (IA.), rarely ἐπι-, ἐγ-, εἰσ-, συγ-κέλσαι (ep., also Hp., Ar.), ἐπ-έκειλα Act. Ap. 27, 41.Derivatives: Beside it κέλομαι (Il., Dor.), aor. ( ἐ)κέκλετο (Il.) with new present κέκλομαι (A. R.), ( ἐ)κελήσατο (Pi., Epich., Epid.), fut. κελήσομαι (κ 296), rarely with ἐπι-, παρα-, `drive on, exhort, call'. Further athematic κέντο (Alcm. 141) \< *κέλτο (on the phonetics Schwyzer 213, on the formation ibd. 678f.). - Derivv. κέλης, κελεύω, κλόνος, s. vv.Etymology: κέλλω (yot-present) and κέλομαι, which are semantically close, exist unmixed side by side. That they are cognate is mostly not doubted, though for κέλομαι the meaning `call to' reminds of καλεῖν (thus Fraenkel Mélanges Boisacq 1, 367f., Specht KZ 59, 86ff.); but this meaning could have developed from `drive on, invite, summon. request' secondarily. - The other languages have no forms that agree closely with the Greek ones. Semantically closest is the secondary present Skt. kalayati ( kāl-) `drives'. Note also the root aorist Toch. A śäl, B śala `he brought', pl. kalar, śälāre (Pedersen Tocharisch 183ff.), with a nā- present källāṣ, källāṣṣäṃ; neither meaning nor form however is clear. The same holds for Alb. qil `bring, carry' and for Germ., e. g. Goth haldan `βόσκειν, ποιμαίνειν', NHG halten. A nominal formation one might compare is Lat. celer `quick'; (quite uncertain however is Lat. celeber `populous, abounding in'. - Inspite of the differences in meaning one usually assumes that they have the same root (DELG). Connections with other languages are few and rather doubtful. Further there is the problem of ὀ-, which is assumed in ὄζος etc. The meaning of ( ὀ)κέλλω `run a ship aground', the usual way of landing (except in a harbour) is so concrete that I would assume a separate verb, but I see no further indications that the verb is Pre-Greek; perh. the ὀ- is Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,817-818Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κέλλω
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82 πέτομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to fly' (Il.).Other forms: Aor. πτάσθαι, πτέσθαι (all Il.); to this pres. πέταμαι (poet. since Sapph., Arist.) with aor. πετασθῆναι (Arist., LXX), ἴπταμαι (late; s. v.); aor. act. πτῆναι, ptc. πτάς etc. (poet. Hes., also hell. prose); fut. πτήσομαι (IA.), πετήσομαι (Ar.), perf. κατ-έπτηκα (Men.).Compounds: Very often w. prefix, e.g. ἀνα-, ἀπο-, δια-, εἰσ-, ἐκ-, κατα-, ὑπερ-. Compounds: a. - πέτης, Dor. - πέτας m.., e.g. ὑψι-πέτης, - ας m. `flying high' (Hom., Pi.), enlarged - ήεις (Hom.); b. - πετής, e.g. ὑπερπετ-ής `flying over' (hell.); c. ἐκπετ-ήσιμος `ready to fly' (Ar. a.o.; hypothesis on the formation in Arbenz 60); d. ἀερσι-πότης and - πότη-τος `flying high' (Hes., AP, Norm.); in spite of Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 95 rather to ποτάομαι as from ποτή.Derivatives: 1. ποτή f. `flying, flight' (ε 337, h. Merc. 544 [v. l. πτερύγεσσι]); 2. πτῆσις f. `id.' (A., Arist.) with πτήσιμος (Jul.; Arbenz 61); πτῆμα n. `id.' (Suid.). 3. Adj. w. νο-suffix: a. πτηνός, Dor. πτᾱνός `winged, fledged' (Pi., trag., Pl.); b. πετεινός, - ηνός `id.' (Thgn.; Πετήνη Att. shipsname [inscr.]), hardly from *πέτος (cf. Chantraine Form. 196, Benveniste Origines 14), but rather direct from πέτομαι after φαεινός, ὀρεινός a.o.; πετηνός after πτηνός?; c. πετε-ηνός, - εινός `id.' (Il.), w. diektasis (Risch $ 35 d); d. ποτᾱνός `id.' (Pi., Epich., trag. in lyr.; - ηνός ep. poetry in Pl. Phdr. 252 b), prob. rather after ποτάομαι as with Detschew KZ 63, 228 from the rare ποτή. -- 4. Deverbat.: ποτάομαι, - έομαι, also w. ἀμφι-, περι-, ἐκ- a.o., `to fly, to flap' (Il.); πωτάομαι, also w. ἐκ-, ἐπι-, ὑπερ-, `id.' (Μ 287, h. Ap. 442 a.o.; cf. Schwyzer 719 n. 3); to this πωτήεις `flapping' (Nonn.), also πωτήματα pl. `flight' (A. Eu. 250; usu. with Dindorf corrected in ποτ-). -- On πτερόν, πτέρυξ s. vv.Etymology: Beside the thematic πέτ-ο-μαι, πτ-έ-σθαι stands the athematic zero grade root-aorist πτά-σθαι, ἔ-πτα-το, πτά-μενος wie φθά-μενος ( φθί-μενος, φθί-σθαι, ἔ-φθι-το). The corresponding full grade in πτῆ-ναι, ἔ-πτᾱ-ν, πτή-σομαι can be old (s. however below). More doubtful is the originality of the disyll. πέτα-μαι, as analogy to πτά-σθαι after πτέ-σθαι: πέτο-μαι may be considered. Certain innovations are ἴπταμαι (after ἵσταμαι) and πετή-σομαι (after πέτομαι). Details w. lit. in Schwyzer 742 a. 681 w. n. 9. -- With πέτομαι agree formally, partly also semantically, Skt., OIr., Lat. a. Celt. forms, e.g. Skt. pátati, Av. pataiti `fly, fall, attack, hurry etc.', Lat. petō `move somewhere, hurry, look for, desire', OWelsh hedant `volant'; doubtful on the contrary the in any case diff. built Hitt. piddāi- (pittii̯ami, pittāizzi usw.) `run, hurry, flee'. Thus ποτέομαι and Skt. patáyati `fly, hurry' agree; however πωτάομαι is independent of Skt. pātáyati `let fall, throw down'. Further the Greek a. Skt. systems are apart. Beside the zero grade thematic Aorist πτ-έσθαι, ἐ-πτ-όμην stands in Skt. an also zero grade and thematic but reduplicated aor. a-pa-pt-at. The zero grade πτᾰ- in πτά-σθαι is found in forms like pa-pti-ma (pf. 1. pl.) (IE pth₂-); the corresponding full grade ptā- is however not represented in Skt. (so πτῆ-ναι analogical after φθῆ-ναι, στῆ-ναι a.o.?, Schwyzer 742). Thus the disyll. πετᾰ- in πέτα-μαι and pati- (e.g. fut. pati-ṣyáti) go without historical connection side by side. -- Further forms w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 19ff., Pok. 825f., W.-Hofmann s. petō. Cf. πίπτω, not πίτυλος.Page in Frisk: 2,521-522Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πέτομαι
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83 πρόβατα
Grammatical information: n. pl.Meaning: `cattle, herd, flock' (Il.), `small cattle', sg. - ον mostly `sheep' (Att., Gort. etc.); also name of an unknown fish (Opp., Ael.; because of the similarity of the head, cf. Strömberg Fischn. 102).Compounds: Compp., e.g. προβατο-γνώμων m. `knower of herds' (A.), πολυ-πρόβατος `rich of cattle, sheep' (Hdt., X.).Derivatives: 1. Dimin. προβάτ-ιον n. (Att.). 2. Adj. προβάτ-ειος (Arist.), - ικός (LXX, N.T.) `belonging to sheep (small cattle)', - ώδης `sheep-like' (sp.). 3. - ών (- εών Hdn.), - ῶνος m. `sheepfold' (hell. inscr. a. pap.). 4. - ήματα πρόβατα H. (after κτήματα, βοσκή-ματα etc.; Chantraine Form. 178). 5. - εύς m. `shepherd' (title of a com. of Antiph.). 6. - εύω `to keep, tend cattle, sheep' (D. H., App.) with - ευτικός, - εύσιμος, - ευτής, - εία. 7. Plant-names: - ειον, - ειος, - αία (Ps.-Dsc.) "sheep-herb" (cf. Strömberg Pfl. 137). -- To πρόβειος, rhythmical shortening for προβάτειος (An. Ox. a.o.) Palmer Class Quart. 33,31ff.Etymology: In the same sense as πρόβατα we find once in collective meaning the verbal abstract πρόβασις (β 75 κειμήλιά τε πρό-βασίν τε), which designates here the moving cattle as opposed to the life-less ("lying") property. The origin from προβαίνειν (thus already EM) is confirmed by it. Thus OIcel. ganganda fé "going cattle" = `living stock' beside liggjanda fé ' κειμήλια', Hitt. ii̯ant- `sheep' prop. "the going", ptc. of ii̯a- `go', Toch. A śemäl `small cattle', prop. vbaladj. of käm-, śäm- `come' (= βαίνειν). Typical for Greek is however the prefix προ-; so πρόβατα prop. "those going forward", a notion, which seems to require an other way of moving as opposite, but has a correspondence in Av. fra-čar- and Skt. pra-car- `move forward' (opposed to `remain motionless'); s. Benveniste BSL 45, 91 ff. with extensive treatment and criticism of diverging views (Lommel KZ 46, 46ff.; s. also Kretschmer Glotta 8, 269 f.). -- The plural πρόβατα is usu., esp. because of the dat. pl. πρόβασι (Hdn.) for the usual προβατοις (Hes.), considered as orig. consonant-stem πρόβατ-α, to which secondarily πρόβατον (Bq s.v., Schwyzer 499 with Risch 178, Benveniste l.c., Egli Heteroklisie 41 ff.); against this with good arguments Georgacas Glotta 36, 178 ff., who rightly points to other infinite active το-participles, e.g. στατός `standing' (s. ἵστημι). -- In the secondary sense of `sheep' πρόβατον has replaced the older ὄις.Page in Frisk: 2,597-598Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πρόβατα
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84 πτερόν
πτερόν Cf. πέτομαιGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `feather, wing, pinion', also metaph. of feather- and wing-like objects (Il.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. πτερο-φόρος `feathered, winged' (A., E.), ὑπό-πτερος `(swift) winged' (Pi., IA.; on the formation Schwyzer-Debrunner 532 w. n. 6 a. lit.); on ὑπο-πετρ-ίδιος s.v.Derivatives: 1. πτερό-εις `provided with feathers or wings' (ep. poet. Il.; cf. Kretschmer Glotta 27, 249 a. 278 w. lit., also Yorke Class Quart. 30, 151 f.); opposite ἄ-πτερος (Od.), a.o. of μῦθος (as opposite of ἔπεα πτερόεντα; diff., improbable, Hainsworth Glotta 38, 263ff.); 2. πτερω-τός `id.' (IA.), - τικός `belonging to plumage' (Vp); 3. - μα n. `plumage' (A. fr., Pl. Phdr. a.o.; rather enlarged from πτερόν than from πτερόομαι); 4. πτερό-της f. `winged condition' (Arist.); 5. πτέρ-ων m. n. of an unknown bird ( Com. Adesp.), - νις m. n. of a kind of hawk (Arist.); 6. πτερ-όομαι, - όω, also m. ἐκ-συν-, `to get wings, to become fledged' resp. `to feather, to wing' (IA.) with - ωσις f. `feathering, plumage' (Ar., Arist. etc.). -- Beside it πτέρυξ, -ῠγος f. `wing', like πτερόν often metaph. (Il.). Often as 2. member, e.g. τανύ-πτερυξ (Il.), also πτερόν - πτέρυγ-ος (Simon.) `spreading the wings'; extensively Sommer Nominalkomp. 70f. (cf. on τανύω). -- From πτέρυξ 1. dimin. πτερύγ-ιον n. des. of several winglike objects (Hp., Arist.); 2. - ώδης `wing-like' (Hp., Thphr.); 3. - ωτός `provided with wings' (Arist.); 4. - ωμα n. `poultry etc.' (late); 5. πτερυγ-ίζω, also w. ἀνα- a.o., `to move the wings' (Ar.); - όομαι, - όω meaning unclear (Lesb. lyr. resp. medic.), ἀπο- πτερόν `to lose the wings' (Vett. Val.); πτερ-ύσσω, also w. δια- a.o., `to flap with the wings' (Archil.[?], hell.), perh. from πτερόν; cf. Schwyzer 725 w. lit.Etymology: Beside πτερ-όν stand on the one hand Arm. t`er `side', with lengthened vowel t`i̇r `flight', t`r̄-čim, aor. t`r̄-eay `fly', on the other Skt. pátr-am n. `wing, feather', Lat. acci-piter, - tr-is `hawk', Germ., e.g. OHG fedara, OWNo. fjǫðr f. ' feather', all going back on IE * pter- resp. * petr- (the last also in ὑποπετριδίων ὀνείρων `winged dreams' [Alcm. 23, 49; cf. Kock ad loc.]?). The r-stem is still found in Hitt. patt-ar ( pitt-ar?) n., to which with heteroclit. gen. pl. - an-aš; a continuation of the alternating n-stem a.o. in Lat. penna f. `feather, wing' from * pet-n-ā. At the basis is the verb for `fly' in πέτομαι, πτέ-σθαι, s. v. -- A disyllabic form is seen in Skt. patar-á- `flying', beside which patár-u- `id.', which reminds of the u-stem in πτέρ-υ-ξ(?). As for -( υ)γ- no convincing example inside Greek can be found ( ὄρτυξ and other birdnames are too far off), several connections have been suggested: Skt. pataṅ-g-á- `flying' (for patan- cf. petn- above; on g s. ἀστράγαλος [but this is Pre-Greek]), Av. fra-ptǝrǝǰāt- `bird' (analysis uncertain: from * ptǝrǝ-g- `wing'?), Lat. protervus `turbulent' (from *pro-pterg-u̯os?), OLFr. fetheracco gen. pl. `alarum'. -- Controversial is the connection with Slav. (OCS, Russ. etc.) peró n. `feather', which cannot be directly equated with πτερόν and perh. rather belongs to Skt. parṇám n. `wing, feather, leaf' etc. After Petersson KZ 47, 272 πτερόν would be a cross of *περόν (= Slav. peró) and πτέρυξ. Here further Toch. B parwa pl. `feathers'; cf. v. Windekens Orbis 11, 194. -- Further details w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 20f., Pok. 826, W.-Hofmann s. accipiter, penna, prōtervus, Mayrhofer s. pataráḥ, pátram, parṇám, Vasmer s. peró; also Specht 216f. (much that is uncertain).Page in Frisk: 2,612-613Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πτερόν
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85 στρεβλός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `turned, twisted, crooked, cunning' (IA.)Derivatives: - ότης f. `crook, perversity' (Plu. a.o.). - όω, also w. δια-, κατα-, `to twist, to dislocate, to torture, to torment' (IA.) with - ωσις, - ωμα, - ωτήριος; also - ευμα n. (: *στρεβλεύω) `perversion' (Sm.). Also στρέβλη f. `winch, roll, screw', also as instrument of torture (A., Arist., Plb. etc.); formation as σμί-λη a.o., backformation from στρεβλόω or substant. of στρεβλός? -- A. With o-vowel: στρόβος m. `whirl' (A. Ag. 657, H.). From this 1. στρόβ-ῑλος m. `top, whirlwind, whirlpool, fir-cone etc.' (Att., hell. a. late; cf. ὅμ-ῖλος a.o.) with - ίλιον, - ιλίτης, - ιλέα, - ιλᾶς, - ιλεών, - ίλινος, - ιλώδης, - ιλίζω, - ιλόω (all late). 2. - ίλη f. `cone made of lint' (Hp.). 3. - εύς m. name of a fuller's instrument (sch.). 4. - εία f. `fullery?' (Delos IIIa). 5. στροβελός σοβαρός, τρυφερός; - ελόν σκολιόν, καμπύλον H. 6. στροβανίσκος τρίπους H. 7. στροβάζων συνεχῶς στρεφόμενος H. 8. στροβέω, somet. w. δια- a.o., `to turn around in circles, to move violently, to distract' (A., Ar., hell. a. late), prob. old deverbat. Here wit nasal infix στρόμβος m. `top' (Ξ 413), `whirlwind' (A. Pr. 1084), `snail-shell, snail etc.' (Arist., hell. poet.) with - ο-ειδής, - ώδης (Arist. a.o.), - εῖον, - ιλος, - ηδόν, - έω, - όω (rae a. late). -- B. With α-vowel (zero grade?): στραβός `squinting' (medic.), with - ων `id.' ( Com. Adesp.), also PN, - αξ PN, - ότης f. `squint' (Orib. a.o.), - ίζω `to squint' (H., EM) with - ισμός (Gal. a.o.). The orig. meaning still in στραβο-πόδης `with twisted feet' (Hdn.). Further στράβηλος m. f. `wild olive-tree' (Pherecr. in lyr.), name of a snail (S. Fr. 324, Arist. a.o.); στραβαλός ὁ στρογγυλίας καὶ τετράγωνος ἄνθρωπος. Άχαιοί H.; στραβεύς κωπεύς H. (Chantraine Étrennes Benveniste 17). On ἀστραβής s. v. -- C. On themselves stand some forms wit - οι-: στροῖβος δῖνος H. ( στροιβός δεινός cod.); Στροῖβος also Att. PN; πολύ-στροιβος `rich of whirls', of θάλασσα, Νεῖλος (Nic.), after πολύ-φλοισβος; from there the simplex στροῖβος etc.? Further στροι-βᾶν ἀντιστρέφειν, στροίβηλος ἔπαρμα πληγῆς ἐν κεφαλῃ̃H. Also with - ει- in Thess. Στρειβουνείοι (: *Στρείβων) ? s. Bechtel Dial. 1, 210. -- Lat. LW [loanword] strabus, strabō, strambus, also scriblĩta f. des. of a cake from *στρεβλίτης ( ἄρτος); s. W.-Hofmann s.v. and Leumann Sprache 1, 206f. (= Kl. Schr. 173).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (V)Etymology: As so many words in - β- the above group as a whole has a popular-expressive character. The primary verb that belongs here has an aspirate, s. στρέφω. -- I don't think that the word has anything to do with στρέφω. The word is rather Pre-Greek (note the prenasalization in στóμβος; the suffix in στραβ-αλ-, στροβ-αν-; the suffix - ιλ- is frequent in Pre-Greek. The variation α\/ο\/οι is unknown to me. None of the words is discussed by Furnée.)Page in Frisk: 2,806-807Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στρεβλός
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86 Ἶρις
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: Iris, daughter of Thaumas and Elektra, messenger of the gods (Il., Hes.).Derivatives: As appellative ἶρις, - ιδος, - ιδα, - ιν f. `rainbow' (Il.), aso of an halo of the moon etc. (Arist., Thphr., Gal.), as plant-ame `purple Iris' etc. (Arist., Thphr.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 49), also name of a stone (Plin.). - ἴρινος (Com., Thphr., Plb.), - εος (Nic.) `made of the Iris'; ἰρώδης `rainbow-like' (Arist.), ἰρῖτις f. name of a stone (Plin.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 55); denomin. ἰρίζω `to be iridescent' ( PHolm. 7, 6).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The original form Ϝῖρις appears both from an inscription (Cor.) and from the epic metrics (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 152). The appellative (Ϝ)ῖρις is by Bechtel Hermes 45, 156f. a. 617f. (thus Jacobsohn Herm. 44, 91 n. 2), Lex. 181 (where rather improbably the byform Εἶρις is explained from Ἔ-Ϝῑρις) on good grounds derived from averb `bow', which is also seen in ἰτέα and ἴτυς; an r-suffix is also seen in Germanic, e. g. OE wīr, OWNo. vīrr `metallic wire, twisted ornament' (Kretschmer Glotta 2, 354). Diff. Osthoff Arch. f. Religionswiss. 11, 44 (to (Ϝ)ί̄εμαι `move forward'). With the appellativum the name of the goddess is no doubt identical, s. Bechtel l. c. against Maaß IF 1, 159ff. and Solmsen Unt. 148. - Fur. 356 compares ἔριδας τὰς ἐν οὐρανῳ̃ ἴριδας H., and concludes to Pre-Greek origin; does Εἶρις point to the same?Page in Frisk: 1,735Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Ἶρις
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87 προάγω
προάγω impf. προῆγον; fut. προάξω; 2 aor. προήγαγον; 1 aor. pass. προήχθην LXX (Hdt.+).① trans. to take or lead from one position to another by taking charge, lead forward, lead or bring out τινά someone: προαγαγὼν αὐτοὺς ἔξω after he had led them out Ac 16:30 (Diod S 4, 44, 3 τῆς φυλακῆς προαγαγεῖν=lead out of the prison). αὐτοὺς προαγαγεῖν εἰς τὸν δῆμον 17:5 (Jos., Ant. 16, 320 εἰς τὸ πλῆθος). Cp. 12:6 (Jos., Ant. 2, 105 al.).—In the language of the law-court bring before (Jos., Bell. 1, 539, Ant. 16, 393; Just. A I, 21, 3.—ἐπί 3) Ac 25:26.② intr. to move ahead or in front of, go before, lead the way, precedeⓐ in place τινά go before someone (2 Macc 10:1; B-D-F §150; Rob. 477) Mt 2:9 (GJs 21:3); 21:9; AcPl Ha 3, 29. Abs. (Diod S 17, 19, 1 προῆγε=he pushed on; Jos., Bell. 1, 673, Ant. 14, 388) Mt 21:9 v.l.; Mk 11:9 (opp. ἀκολουθεῖν); Lk 18:39. Walk ahead of those who are going slowly and w. hesitation ἦν προάγων αὐτοὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς … οἱ δὲ ἀκολουθοῦντες Mk 10:32. κατὰ πόλιν με προῆγον they went before me from city to city IRo 9:3.—In imagery πᾶς ὁ προάγων καὶ μὴ μένων ἐν τῇ διδαχῇ anyone who goes too far and does not remain in the teaching 2J 9. Of πίστις (cp. Aberciusins. 12 πίστις προῆγε), which is followed by ἐλπίς (ἐπακολουθεῖν), προαγούσης τῆς ἀγάπης love leads the way Pol 3:3.ⓑ in time go or come ahead of someone w. acc. of pers. προάγειν αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ πέραν go on ahead of him to the other shore Mt 14:22. προάξω ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν I will go on ahead of you to Galilee 26:32; Mk 14:28 (CEvans, JTS 5, ’54, 3–18); cp. Mt 28:7; Mk 16:7. Without acc. (which can be supplied fr. the ἕως-clause [cp. SIG 684, 25]) προάγειν εἰς τὸ πέραν πρὸς Βηθσαϊδάν Mk 6:45. οἱ τελῶναι προάγουσιν ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ the tax-collectors will get into the kingdom of God ahead of you Mt 21:31. Fig. of sins προάγουσαι εἰς κρίσιν they go ahead of (sinners) to judgment 1 Ti 5:24 (cp. Oenomaus in Eus., PE 5, 24, 1 εἰς τ. κρίσιν προάγειν=‘come before the court’).—πάντα τὰ προάγοντα everything that had gone before MPol 1:1. κατά τὰς προαγούσας προφητείας in accordance with the prophecies that were made long ago (i.e. in reference to Timothy) 1 Ti 1:18 (IG XII/3, 247 τὰ προάγοντα ψαφίσματα; PFlor 198, 7 [III A.D.] κατὰ τὸ προάγον ἔθος; POxy 42, 3 ἡ πανήγυρις προάγουσα; Just., D. 33, 1 καὶ τὰ ἐπαγόμενα καὶ τὰ προάγοντα [in the psalm]). ἀθέτησις προαγούσης ἐντολῆς Hb 7:18 (ἀθέτησις 1).—M-M. TW. -
88 σαίνω
σαίνω (Hom. et al.)① prim., of dogs, ‘wag the tail’ (Hom. et al.), hence to try to win favor by an ingratiating manner, fawn upon, flatter (so Trag. et al.; Antig. Car. 172 σαίνειν φιλοφρόνως; Jos., Bell. 6, 336). It is in this direction that many prefer to take the mng. of the pass. in the only place in our lit. where the word occurs, 1 Th 3:3 τὸ μηδένα σαίνεσθαι (ἐν ταῖς θλίψεσιν ταύταις) so that no one might be deceived (PSchmidt, Schmiedel, Wohlenberg, GMilligan, CWilliams, Frame ad loc., also Zahn, Einl.3 I 158f). It is prob. that the misfortunes of the new converts would provide opportunity for Paul’s opponents to show them exceptional kindness and so perh. beguile them into adopting their own views. Others, following the ancient versions and the Gk. interpreters prefer to understand ς. in the sense② to cause to be emotionally upset, move, disturb, agitate (Soph., Ant. 1214 παιδός με σαίνει φθόγγος; Diog. L. 8, 41 οἱ σαινόμενοι τοῖς λεγομένοις ἐδάκρυον.—In Stoic. III 231, 8f σαίνεσθαι is = ‘be carried away w. someth.’), so that no one might be shaken or disturbed (Bornemann, vDobschütz [p. 133f n. 3 the material necessary for understanding the word is brought together], MDibelius, Steinmann, Oepke ad loc., NRSV; HChadwick, JTS n.s. 1, ’50, 156ff). On the construction s. B-D-F §399, 3; Rob. 1059; also EbNestle, ZNW 7, 1906, 361f; GMercati, ZNW 8, 1907, 242; RPerdelwitz, StKr 86, 1913, 613ff; AKnox, JTS 25, 1924, 290f; RParry, ibid. 405; IHeikel, StKr 106, ’35, 316.—DELG. M-M. TW. -
89 σαλεύω
σαλεύω fut. 3 sg. σαλεύσει Wsd 4:19; 1 aor. ἐσάλευσα. Pass.: 1 fut. σαλευθήσομαι Wsd 4:19; 1 aor. ἐσαλεύθην; pf. 3 sg. σεσάλευται Ps 93:18; ptc. σεσαλευμένος (σάλος; Aeschyl., Pla., X.+; OGI 515, 47; pap, LXX; En 101:4; TestSol; TestLevi 3:9; GrBar 6:13; Philo; Jos., Bell. 2, 636, Ant. 8, 136 al.; SibOr 3, 675) prim. ‘shake’; in our lit. only trans.① to cause to move to and fro, shake, cause to waver/totter pass. be shaken, be made to waver/totter (Diod S 12, 47, 2 τ. τείχη) οἰκίαν shake a house (a flood: Sb 8267, 8 [5 B.C.]) Lk 6:48. τὴν γῆν Hb 12:26—Pass. (Hippol., Ref. 1, 8, 12) κάλαμος ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενος a reed driven to and fro by the wind (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 28 §120 [pass. in act. sense of a swaying reed]; s. Is 7:2; Jos., Ant. 4, 51 ἐξ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενον κῦμα) Mt 11:7; Lk 7:24. Cp. Rv 6:13 v.l. Of a house ἐσαλεύθη ὁ τόπος the place shook, lit. was shaken (cp. Ps 17:8; GrBar 6:13) Ac 4:31 (cp. Lucian, Necyom. 10 ἅπαντα ἐκεῖνα ἐσαλεύετο.—σαλεύεσθαι as a sign of divine presence TestLevi 3:9; Jos., Ant. 7, 76f). Of foundations shaking in an earthquake (cp. Ps 81:5) 16:26. αἱ δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν σαλευθήσονται the armies of heaven will be shaken Mt 24:29; Lk 21:26; cp. Mk 13:25 (PJoüon, RSR 29, ’39, 114f). Also of the heavens moving in orderly fashion at God’s command, prob. in ref. to the variety of motions exhibited in the heavens οἱ οὐρανοὶ σαλευόμενοι 1 Cl 20:1 (s. HHellfritz, VigChr 22, ’68, 1–7).—μέτρον σεσαλευμένον a measure that is shaken together Lk 6:38.—In imagery: τὰ σαλευόμενα that which is or can be shaken Hb 12:27a forms a contrast (cp. Philo, Leg. All. 38) to τὰ μὴ σαλευόμενα that which is not (and cannot be) shaken vs. 27b; the former is the heaven and earth of the world as it now exists (vs. 26), the latter the coming Kingdom (vs. 28).② to disturb inwardly, disturb, shake, fig. ext. of 1 (Appian, Iber. 102 §442 of wavering in loyalty; PsSol 8:33; 15:4) ἵνα μὴ σαλευθῶ that I may not be shaken or disturbed Ac 2:25 (Ps 15:8); σαλευθῆναι ἀπὸ τοῦ νοός (Theodor. Prodr. 4, 319 H. τὸν νοῦν σαλευθείς) 2 Th 2:2. Incite perh. to the point of riot Ac 17:13.—B. 675. DELG s.v. σάλος. M-M. TW. -
90 ἀκολουθέω
ἀκολουθέω impv. ἀκολούθει; impf. ἠκολούθουν; fut. ἀκολουθήσω; 1 aor. ἠκολούθησα; pf. ἠκολούθηκα Mk 10:28 (denom. fr. ἀκόλουθος; Thu., Aristoph.+; Did., Gen. 49, 17 restored) prim. ‘follow’.① lit. to move behind someone in the same direction, come after abs. (Diod S 13, 75, 7) οἱ προάγοντες κ. οἱ ἀκολουθοῦντες Mt 21:9; Mk 11:9; cp. J 21:20; Ac 21:36; 1 Cor 10:4; Rv 14:8. W. dat. of pers. (X., Hell. 5, 2, 26; Herodian 6, 7, 8; PEnteux 48, 3 [III B.C.]) Mt 9:19; 26:58; Mk 14:13; Lk 22:10; J 10:4f; 11:31; IPhld 11:1; Hv 3, 8, 4; 7. ἠκολούθει τῷ Ἰησοῦ Σίμων Πέτρος κ. ἄλλος μαθητής J 18:15 (more than one subject with a verb in the sing. as Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 72 §296 ὑπερόψεταί με Λέπιδος κ. Πλάγκος).② to follow or accompany someone who takes the lead, accompany, go along with, oft. of the crowd following Jesus ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ ὄχλοι πολλοί (s. ὄχλος 1a) Mt 4:25; 8:1; 12:15; 14:13; Mk 5:24; Lk 7:9; 9:11; J 6:2. μετά τινος someone (Thu. 7, 57, 9; Phryn. 353 Lob.; B-D-F §193, 1) Rv 6:8 (Lk 9:49 οὐκ ἀκολουθεῖ [sc. σοι] μεθʼ ἡμῶν is different, he does not follow as your disciple with us). For this we have Hebraistically ὀπίσω τινός (3 Km 19:20; Is 45:14; Ezk 29:16) Mt 10:38; Mk 8:34.—Of the deeds that follow one into the next world Rv 14:13 τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν ἀκολουθεῖ μετʼ αὐτῶν the record of their deeds goes with them (REB) (cp. Diod S 13, 105 νομίσαντες … ἑαυτοῖς τὴν μέμψιν ἀκολουθήσειν).③ w. transition to the fig. mng. to follow someone as a disciple, be a disciple, follow (Diog. L. 9, 21 of Parmenides: ἀκούσας Ξενοφάνους οὐκ ἠκολούθησεν αὐτῷ; Palaeph. 2 p. 6, 16; Just., D. 8, 3 ἀνθρώποις ἀκολουθῆσαι οὐδενὸς ἀξίοις) ἀκολούθει μοι follow me = be my disciple Mt 9:9 (in Diog. L. 2, 48 Socrates stops Xenophon at their first meeting and says: “ἕπου καὶ μάνθανε”. καὶ τοὐντεῦθεν ἀκροατὴς Σωκράτους ἦν); cp. 8:19; 19:21 (Aristoxenus, Fgm. 17: Simichos the tyrant hears Pythagoras, divests himself of his kingly power, disposes of his χρήματα [Mt 19:22 v.l.], and attaches himself to him; Sextus 264a ἀφεὶς ἃ κέκτησαι ἀκολούθει τῷ ὀρθῷ λόγῳ); 27f; Mk 1:18 (on the call of a disciple directly fr. his work s. Jos., Ant. 8, 354 εὐθέως … καταλιπὼν τ. βόας ἠκολούθησεν Ἠλίᾳ … μαθητής [after 3 Km 19:20f ]); Mk 2:14; 8:34; Lk 5:11, 27f al. The transition may be observed in J 1, where ἀ. has sense 2 in vss. 37f, but sense 3 in vss. 40, 43 (OCullmann, TZ 4, ’48, 367).—TArvedson, SvTK 7, ’31, 134–61; ESchweizer, Lordship and Discipleship, ’60; ASchulz, Nachfolgen u. Nachahmen, ’62; GKilpatrick, BT 7, ’56, 5f; RThysman, L’ethique de l’imitation du Christ dans le NT: ETL 42, ’66, 138–75; TAerts, Suivre Jésus, ibid., 475–512.④ gener. to comply with, follow, obey (Thu. 3, 38, 6 γνώμῃ; Ps.-Andoc. 4, 19; Demosth. 26, 5; CPJ II, 152 [=BGU 1079], 10f ἀκολούθει Πτολλαρίωνι πᾶσαν ὥραν; μᾶλλον ἀκολουθῶν αὐτῷ ln. 26f; 2 Macc 8:36 νόμοις; cp. Jdth 2:3.—M. Ant. 7, 31 θεῷ; Jdth 5:7 τοῖς θεοῖς. Just., A I, 3, 2 εὐσεβείᾳ καὶ φιλοσοφίᾳ) τοῖς ἔθεσιν customs Dg 5:4. τοῖς νομίμοις τ. δεσπότου obey the statutes of the Master 1 Cl 40:4. τῇ ὁδῷ τῆς ἀληθείας 35:5 (cp. TestAsh 6:1 ἀ. τῇ ἀληθείᾳ); the bishop ISm 8:1; a schismatic IPhld 3:3.—Hm 6, 2, 9.⑤ to come after someth. else in sequence, follow, of things τῶν λοιπῶν τῶν ἀκολουθούντων πάντων all other persons and things that follow (in the parable) Hs 5, 5, 1; τινί Mk 16:17 v.l. (s. παρακολουθέω 2).—B. 699. DELG s.v. ἀκόλουθος. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv. -
91 ἀναφέρω
ἀναφέρω fut. ἀνοίσω LXX (also Just., D. 112 al.), 2 aor. ἀνήνεγκα (late form) and ἀνήνεγκον (B-D-F §80; 81; W-S. §13, 13; Mlt-H. 263); pf. ἀνενήνοχα LXX. Pass.: fut. ἀνενεχθήσομαι LXX; aor. ἀνηνέχθην (s. φέρω; Hom.+ in var. mngs.; ins, pap, LXX; TestSol 10:9 L; TestAbr, TestJob, Test12Patr; JosAs 10:4; ParJer; GrBar 8:4; ApcSed [-φέρυσται 10:3;-φέρνεται p. 133, 36 Ja.]; ApcMos 32; ApcZeph; Philo, Aet. M. 64; Jos., Bell. 1, 234, C. Ap. 1, 232)① to cause to move from a lower position to a higher, take, lead, bring up, of pers. ἀ. αὐτοὺς εἰς ὄρος ὑψηλόν he led them up a high mountain Mt 17:1; Mk 9:2. Pass. ἀνεφέρετο εἰς τ. οὐρανόν he was taken up into heaven (of Romulus: Plut., Numa 60 [2, 4]; of Endymion: Hes., Fgm. 148 Rz. τὸν Ἐνδυμίωνα ἀνενεχθῆναι ὑπὸ τοῦ Διὸς εἰς οὐρανόν; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 57 and 58 p. 264, 17) Lk 24:51 (MParsons, The Departure of Jesus in Luke-Acts ’87). ἀναφερόμενοι εἰς τὰ ὕψη IEph 9:1.② to carry and hand over someth. to someone, deliver ἀνήνεγκεν τῷ ἱερεῖ (Mary) delivered to the priest her purple and scarlet embroidery work GJs 12:1 (pap; mss. v.l. ἀπ-). Of food, Syn. w. αἴρω GJs 18:2 (s. αἴρω 2b).③ to offer as a sacrifice, offer up, specif. a cultic t.t. (SIG 56, 68; Lev 17:5; 1 Esdr 5:49; Is 57:6; 2 Macc 1:18; 2:9 al.; ParJer 9:1f; Did., Gen. 219, 15) ἀ. θυσίας ὑπέρ τινος offer sacrifices for someth. Hb 7:27. ἀ. τινὰ ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον (Gen 8:20; Lev 14:20; Bar 1:10; 1 Macc 4:53; Just., D. 118, 2 θυσίας) offer up someone on the altar Js 2:21. Of Jesus’ sacrifice: ἑαυτὸν ἀνενέγκας when he offered up himself Hb 7:27. τὰς ἀμαρτίας ἡμῶν αὐτὸς ἀνήνεγκεν ἐν τῷ σώματι αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον he himself brought our sins in his body to the cross 1 Pt 2:24 (cp. Dssm., B 83ff [BS 88f]). Pol 8:1 (Is 53:12).—Fig. (schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 2, 214b χάριν=render thanks to the divinity) ἀ. θυσίαν αἰνέσεως offer up a sacr. of praise Hb 13:15 (cp. 2 Ch 29:31). ἀ. πνευματικὰς θυσίας 1 Pt 2:5. ἀ. προσευχάς offer prayers 2 Cl 2:2. ἀ. δέησιν περί τινος offer up a petition for someth. B 12:7.④ take up as a burden, take up. In Is 53:11 ἀ. is used to translate סָבַל, in vs. 12 for נָשָׂא, and in the corresponding passages in our lit. ἀ. is often rendered ‘bear’ or ‘take away’. But ἀ. seems not to have these meanings. Very often, on the contrary, it has a sense that gives ἀνα its full force: lay or impose a burden on someone, give something to someone to bear, as a rule, in fact, to someone who is not obligated to bear it (Aeschyl., Choeph. 841 ἄχθος; Polyb. 1, 36, 3; 4, 45, 9; Diod S 15, 48, 4; 32, 26, 1; Appian, Liby. 93; Syr. 41, where the other defendants were τὴν αἰτίαν ἐς τὸν Ἐπαμεινώνδαν ἀναφέροντες, i.e. putting the blame on Epaminondas. The Lex. Vind. p. 12, 3 sees in Eur., Or. 76 ἐς Φοῖβον ἀναφέρουσα τ. ἁμαρτίαν and in Procop. Soph., Ep. 7 p. 535 H. proof that ἀναφέρειν is used ἀντὶ τοῦ τὴν αἰτίαν εἰς ἕτερον τιθέναι.) In a case in which a man takes upon himself the burden that another should have borne, then ἀ.= take upon oneself (Thu. 3, 38, 3 ἡ πόλις τὰ μὲν ἆθλα ἑτέροις δίδωσιν, αὐτὴ δὲ τοὺς κινδύνους ἀναφέρει=the city gives the prizes to others, but she takes the dangers upon herself). Christ was once for all offered up in this respect (εἰς 5) that he assumed the sins of many Hb 9:28. Cp. 1 Cl 16:12, 14.—M-M. TW. Spicq. -
92 ἄνεμος
ἄνεμος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+)① a blowing atmospheric phenomenon, wind Rv 7:1; playing among the reeds Mt 11:7; Lk 7:24; scattering chaff B 11:7 (Ps 1:4); desired by the sailor IPol 2:3, or not ἐναντίος ἄ. a contrary wind Mt 14:24; Mk 6:48. ὁ ἄ. ἰσχυρό the storm Mt 14:30; cp. 32; Mk 4:39, 41; 6:51. ἄ. μέγας a strong wind J 6:18; Rv 6:13. ἄ. τυφωνικός a violent, hurricane-like wind Ac 27:14, cp. 15. For this, λαῖλαψ ἀνέμου a storm-wind Mk 4:37; Lk 8:23, cp. Mk 4:41; Lk 8:24 (on the stilling of the storm POxy 1383, 1 [III A.D.] κελεύειν ἀνέμοις.—WFiedler, Antik. Wetterzauber ’31, esp. 17–23).—Pl. without the art. (Jos., Bell. 4, 286) Js 3:4. οἱ ἄ. (Jos., Bell. 4, 299; also thought of as personified, cp. IDefixWünsch 4, 6 τὸν θεὸν τῶν ἀνέμων καὶ πνευμάτων Λαιλαμ) Mt 7:25, 27; 8:26f (the par. Mk 4:39 has the sg.); Lk 8:25; Jd 12. ἄ. ἐναντίοι contrary winds Ac 27:4. οἱ τέσσαρες ἄ. τῆς γῆς Rv 7:1 (cp. Zech 6:5; Jer 25:16; Da 7:2; En 18:2 τοὺς τέσσαρας ἀ. τὴν γῆν βαστάζοντας; on the angels of the winds cp. PGM 15, 14; 16, and on control of the winds Diod S 20, 101, 3 Aeolus as κύριος τῶν ἀνέμων; Ps.-Apollod., Epit. 7, 10 Zeus has appointed Aeolus as ἐπιμελητὴς τῶν ἀνέμων, καὶ παύειν καὶ προί̈εσθαι; Ael. Aristid. 45, 29 K.; IAndrosIsis, Kyme 39; POxy 1383, 9 ἀπέκλειε τὰ πνεύματα).② οἱ τέσσαρες ἄνεμοι can also be the four directions, or cardinal points (Sb 6152, 20 [93 B.C.]; CPR 115, 6; PFlor 50, 104 ἐκ τῶν τεσς. ἀ.; Ezk 37:9 v.l.; Zech 2:10; 1 Ch 9:24; Jos., Bell. 6, 301, Ant. 8, 80; PGM 3, 496; 4, 1606f) Mt 24:31; Mk 13:27; D 10:5. ἀνέμων σταθμοί stations or quarters of the wind 1 Cl 20:10 (Job 28:25; s. Lghtf. and Knopf ad loc.).③ a tendency or trend that causes one to move from a view or belief, wind fig. ext. of 1 (cp. 4 Macc 15:32), περιφερόμενοι παντὶ ἀ. τ. διδασκαλίας driven about by any and every didactic breeze Eph 4:14.—B. 64.—DELG. M-M. TW. -
93 ἐπέρχομαι
ἐπέρχομαι fut. ἐπελεύσομαι; 2 aor. ἐπῆλθον (3 pl. ἐπῆλθαν Ac 14:19; B-D-F §81, 3; W-S. §13, 13; Mlt-H. 208); plpf. 3 sg. ἐπεληλύθει 2 Macc 9:18 (Hom.+).ⓐ come, arrive, abs. (Just., D. 51, 2) Agr 22=Mt 20:28 D. ἀπό τινος (1 Macc 8:4) ἐπῆλθαν ἀπὸ Ἀντιοχείας Ἰουδαῖοι Judeans came fr. Antioch Ac 14:19; AcPl Ha 5, 21 (s. entry ἥττων).ⓑ of the Holy Spirit come upon, from a superior position ἐπί τινα Lk 1:35 (FSteinmetzer, ‘Empfangen v. Hl. Geiste’ 1938); Ac 1:8 (cp. Is 32:15; for movement from a transcendent realm, cp. Biogr. p. 448 of an inspiration: τοῦτο ἐπελθὸν αὐτῷ πράττειν ἐκ τοῦ θείου).② to occur as an event or process happen, come aboutⓐ of a period of time (Jos., Ant. 6, 305 ἡ ἐπερχομένη ἡμέρα) νύξ 1 Cl 24:3. ὁ αἰὼν ὁ ἐπερχόμενος the coming age Hv 4, 3, 5. ἐν τοῖς αἰῶσι τοῖς ἐπερχομένοις in the ages to come Eph 2:7. τῷ σαββάτῳ ἐπερχομένης τῆς κυριακῆς, ἐν ἡμέρα, ᾗ ἔμελλεν θηριουμαχεῖν ὁ Παῦλος on the Sabbath before the Lord’s Day (Sunday) on which Paul was to fight the wild beasts AcPl Ha 3, 8.ⓑ of what happens in the course of time; in our lit. exclusively of someth. unpleasant.α. come (on), approach κακὰ ἐπερχόμενα 1 Cl 56:10 (Job 5:21). ἐπὶ ταῖς ταλαιπωρίαις ὑμῶν ταῖς ἐπερχομέναις over the miseries that are coming upon you Js 5:1. In the same eschatological sense (cp. Is 41:22f; τέλος ἐπερχόμενον En 10:2) κρίσιν τὴν ἐπερχομένην Hv 3, 9, 5 (Just., D. 138, 3); θλῖψις ἐ. v 4, 1, 1; Hs 7:4; cp. τὰ λοιπὰ … τὰ ἐ. Hs 9, 5, 5. τὰ ἐπερχόμενα (cp. Is 41:4, 22f; Jdth 9:5): τὰ ἐ. τῇ οἰκουμένῃ what is coming upon the world Lk 21:26.β. in related vein, abs. (Horapollo 2, 25 ὁ θάνατος; Pr 27:12; Jos., Ant. 2, 86) come about Ac 13:40. ἐπί τινα (Gen 42:21; Wsd 12:27; EpJer 48; 2 Macc 9:18) come upon someone ὅπως μηδὲν ἐπέλθῃ ἐπʼ ἐμὲ ὧν εἰρήκατε that none of the things you have spoken of may come upon me Ac 8:24.—Possibly to be restored in AcPl Ha 6, 25f (s. Schmidt’s transcription and note).—Lk 21:35 v.l.③ to come against someone with force, attack (Hom. et al.; ins, pap; 1 Km 30:23; ViEz 9 [p. 75, 1 Sch.]; Jos., Ant. 5, 195; 6, 23; Just., D. 139, 3 τῇ γῇ) abs. Lk 11:22 (v.l. ἐλθών).—DDaube, The Sudden in the Scriptures ’64, 34ff.—M-M. TW. -
94 ἕλκω
ἕλκω impf. εἷλκον, ἧλκον (ApcMos; GJs, s. deStrycker 241f); fut. ἑλκύσω; 1 aor. εἵλκυσα; aor. pass. 3 sg. εἱλκύσθη Da 4:17a; for the forms w.-υ-s. Mlt-H. 236; B-D-F §101 p. 45 (Hom.; Pherecyd. 26; ins, pap, LXX; TestSol 26:9 H; JosAs; ParJer 4:6; ApcMos 38; Joseph., Just., Mel., P. 56, 409) gener. ‘pull, drag, draw’.① to move an object from one area to another in a pulling motion, draw, with implication that the object being moved is incapable of propelling itself or in the case of pers. is unwilling to do so voluntarily, in either case with implication of exertion on the part of the mover τὶ someth. a sword (Soph., Ant. 1233; Libanius, Or. 13 p. 73, 5 F. ξίφος) J 18:10; haul a net 21:6, 11. ἧλκεν τὴν πορφύραν (Mary) stretched (i.e. in a tugging motion) the purple (garment) GJs 11:1; ἔστρωσεν τὸν ὸ̓νον … καὶ ἧλκεν ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ (Joseph) saddled the ass … and his son guided it 17:2. τινά someone (Diod S 34 + 35 Fgm. 2, 14 τινὰ εἰς; Achilles Tat. 7, 15, 4 εἷλκόν με εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον, with ref. in the context to resistance; Jos., Bell. 1, 591 τινὰ εἰς.—Also Clearchus, Fgm. 73; Diod S 14, 5, 3 ἕ. τινὰ ἐπὶ τὸν θάνατον) ἔξω τ. ἱεροῦ drag someone out of the temple Ac 21:30; εἰς τ. ἀγορὰν ἐπὶ τ. ἄρχοντας 16:19 (on the judicial implication s. Reader, Polemo 370); εἰς κριτήρια hale into court Js 2:6 (Herodas 5, 59 ἕ. τινὰ εἰς τὰς ἀνάγκας=to punishment; Just., A II, 12, 4 εἰς βασάνους). οἱ ἕλκοντες ἡμᾶς Ox 654, 10, [οἱ ἕλκον]τες ὑμᾶς 14 (cp. GTh 3; those who mislead us line10, is expanded by Dssm. [LO 365=LAE 427] w. εἰς τὰ κριτήρια; difft. by others. Actually nothing need be supplied, since ἕ. τινά means pull or tug someone back and forth, mistreat someone [Libanius, Or. 58 p. 183, 20 F. ἕλκων κάπηλον; cp. Jos., Bell. 1, 338 εἷλκεν τοὺς ἔνδοθεν]). Of stones ἐκ τοῦ βυθοῦ ἑλκομένους which were dragged out of the deep Hv 3, 2, 6; 3, 5, 2.② to draw a pers. in the direction of values for inner life, draw, attract, an extended fig. use of mng. 1 (Pla., Phdr. 238a; Epict. 2, 20, 15 ἡ φύσις ἕλκει; Aelian, NA 4, 13; Porphyr., Marc. 16 μόνη ἡ ἀρετὴ τ. ψυχὴν ἄνω ἕλκει καὶ πρὸς τὸ συγγενές; Jer 38:3; SSol 1:4; 4 Macc 14:13; 15:11; Jos., Ant. 15, 27; Ath. 26, 1 περὶ τὰ εἴδωλα) J 6:44. ἕλκ. πρός with acc. (Hierocles 25 p. 477 it is said of God ἑλκύσαι πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους; Ath., R. 75, 20 ἑλκούσης … ἐπιθυμίας πρὸς τροφήν): πρὸς ἐμαυτόν 12:32.③ to appear to be pulled in a certain direction, flow an ext. fig. use intr. flow along of a river ἦν ποταμὸς ἕλκων ἐκ δεξιῶν a river flowed along on the right B 11:10 (cp. Da 7:10 Theod.; TestSol 26:9 H).—B. 571. DELG. M-M. TW. -
95 εἴλω
εἴλω (also [full] εἰλέω, [full] εἱλέω, [full] εἴλλω, [full] εἵλλω, [full] ἴλλω; εἱλῶνται is f.l. in Aret.SD1.2), a word whose meanings are traceable to various roots of similar form, v. infr. D.—From εἴλω ([tense] pres. in Hom. only [voice] Pass. part. εἰλόμενος (v. infr.)), we have [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor.Aἔλσα Il.11.413
, inf.ἐέλσαι 21.295
, [dialect] Dor. part.ἔλσαις Pi.O.10(11).43
:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor.ἠλσάμην Semon.17
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. 2 ἐάλην [pron. full] [ᾰ] Il.13.408; inf. ἀλῆναι, ἀλήμεναι, 16.714, 18.76; part. ἀλείς, εῖσα, έν 22.308: [tense] pf. ἔελμαι, part. -μένος 13.524
:—for ἐόλει, ἐόλητο, v. ἐόλει.—Fromεἰλέω Il.2.294
: [tense] impf.εἴλεον Od.22.460
; [var] contr.εἴλει Il.8.215
, Od.12.210;ἐείλεον Il.18.447
: [tense] fut. , AP12.208 (Strat.): [tense] aor. , Dsc.5.87 (ἐν-):—[voice] Med., [tense] impf.εἰλεῦντο Il.21.8
; part.εἰλεύμενος Hdt.2.76
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor.εἰλήθην Hp.Morb.4.52
: [tense] pf. and Is.11.5 (s. v. l.), Lyc. 1202: [tense] plpf.εἴληντο J.AJ 12.1.9
.A shut in (less freq. shut out, εἰλέσθων τοῦ ἱαροῦ let them be shut out from the temple, IG22.1126.48 (iv B.C.)); [Ὀδυσῆα] ἔλσαν ἐν μέσσοισι μετὰ σφίσι, πῆμα δὲ ἔλσαν (Zenod., v.l. πῆμα τιθέντες) Il.11.413;ὅτε Κύκλωψ εἴλει ἐνὶ σπῆϊ Od.12.210
, cf. 22.460;ἔνθα δυώδεκα μὲν μένον ἤματα δῖοι Ἀχαιοί· εἴλει γὰρ Βορέης ἄνεμος μέγας οὐδ' ἐπὶ γαίῃ εἴα ἵστασθαι Od.19.200
;ὅν περ ἄελλαι χειμέριαι εἰλέωσιν Il.2.294
;εἱλεῖσθαι ἐν τῷ τόπῳ, μὴ δυνάμενον ἐκπλεῦσαι Arist.Mir. 840a33
, cf. EM298.29; εἰς ἄστυ ἄλεν (for ἄλησαν) Il.22.12;κατὰ ἄστυ ἐέλμεθα 24.662
;ἐελμένοι ἔνδοθι πύργων 18.287
; ; χειμέριον ἀλὲν ὕδωρ ponded water, prevented from flowing away, Il.23.420; ὅσοι πικροὶ.. χυμοὶ κατὰ τὸ σῶμα πλανηθέντες ἔξω μὲν μὴ λάβωσιν ἀναπνοήν, ἐντὸς δὲ εἱλλόμενοι (v.l. εἰλόμενοι) τὴν ἀφ' αὑτῶν ἀτμίδα τῇ τῆς ψυχῆς φορᾷ συμμείξαντες ἀνακερασθῶσι, Pl.Ti. 86e.2 hinder, hold in check, prevent,ἧστο Διὸς βουλῇσιν ἐελμένος Il.13.524
, cf. A.Fr.25: ἔλλοψ (as though ἴλλοψ ) is derived from ἴλλεσθαι = εἴργεσθαι and ὄψ = φωνή by Ath.7.308c.3 enclose, cover, protect,ὑπ' ἀσπίδος ἄλκιμον ἦτορ ἔλσας Callin.1.11
; τῇ ὕπο (sc. τῇ ἀσπίδι) πᾶς ἐάλη he was entirely covered, Il.13.408.B press, as olives and grapes, Paus.Gr.Fr.155; ἀμφὶ βίην Διομήδεος.. εἰλόμενοι huddling around him, Il.5.782; ἵππων φειδόμενος, μή μοι δευοίατο φορβῆς ἀνδρῶν, εἰλομένων, εἰωθότες ἔδμεναι ἄδην here where men throng, ib. 203;πλῆθεν.. ἵππων τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν εἰλομένων· εἴλει δὲ.. Ἕκτωρ 8.215
, cf. 1.409, 18.447, 21.295; πόλις δ' ἔμπλητο ἀλέντων ib. 607; ἐς ποταμὸν εἰλεῦντο they were forced into the river, ib.8; εἱλουμένης τῆς τροφῆς the nourishment being concentrated, Thphr.CP6.11.8;θῆρας ὁμοῦ εἰλεῦντα Od.11.573
; [λέων] ἰλλόμενός περ ὁμίλῳ hard- pressed, A.R.2.27;ἀπωθούμενον ὑπὸ τοῦ περιεστῶτος ἔξωθεν πνεύματος πάλιν ἐντὸς ὑπὸ τὸ δέρμα εἱλλόμενον κατερριζοῦτο Pl.Ti. 76b
:—[voice] Pass., of crowds, swarm, jostle one another,ἐν ὀλίγῳ εἰλουμένους Plu.Crass.25
; of ants, Luc.Icar.19.2 in [tense] aor. [voice] Pass., of a man or animal, contract his body, draw himself together, ; ἐνὶ δίφρῳ ἧστο ἀλείς ( huddled up),ἐκ γὰρ πλήγη φρένας 16.403
; of a lion when struck,ἐάλη τε χανών 20.168
; of a warrior,Ἀχιλῆα ἀλεὶς μένεν 21.571
; , Od. 24.538.II without the idea of pressure, collect,ἐν Πίσᾳ ἔλσαις στρατὸν λείαν τε πᾶσαν Pi.O.10(11).43
:—[voice] Pass., Ἀργείους ἐκέλευσα ἀλήμεναι ἐνθάδε πάντας to assemble, Il.5.823.C (found only in the forms εἰλέω ([etym.] εἱλ-) , ἴλλω) wind, turn round, ; ἀπὸ δὲ τῶ[ν πετρῶν] ἴλλει ἡ στεφάνη ἐπὶ τὸν λόφον GDIiv p.847 (iv B.C.);νῆα δ' ἔπειτα πέριξ εἴλει ῥόος A.R.2.571
; roll, γλῶσσαν dub.in Call.Iamb.1.144:— [voice] Pass., revolve, move to and fro,ἰλλομένων ἀρότρων S.Ant. 340
(lyr.);οἱ ἀστέρες ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ εἰλέονται Luc.Astr.29
; περὶ τὴν γῆν ἀεὶ εἱλεῖν ἰών, as etym. of ἥλιος ([etym.] ἀέλιος), Pl.Cra. 409a; εἰλέονται ἐπὶ τὸ ὑγιὲς σκέλος they pivot or swing round on the sound leg, Hp.Art.52, cf. Mochl.20; of a flame,περὶ δ' αὐτὸν εἰλεῖτο φλόξ Mosch.4.104
; κατ' αὐτὸν (sc. τὸν κισσὸν) ἕλιξ εἰλεῖται is twined round, Theoc.1.31; ap. Stob.1.3.52; also of hair on the crown, to be whorled, Ruf.Onom.13.II roll up tight, [κῶας] εἴλει ἀφασσόμενος A.R.4.181
;τὴν μηλωτὴν εἱλήσας LXX 4 Ki. 2.8
:—[voice] Pass., ἰλλομένοις ἐπὶ λαίφεσι furled, A.R.1.329.III metaph. in [voice] Pass., ἐν ποσὶ εἱλεῖσθαι to be familiar, Hdt. 2.76;οἱ περὶ τὰς δίκας εἱλούμενοι Max.Tyr.28.3
, cf. Alciphr.3.60,64.D It seems impossible to derive all the above uses from an orig. sense squeeze, though most of those under A and B, as well as C. II, might be so explained; but A seems to imply a root meaning bar, cf. ἀποϝηλέω, ἐγϝηληθίωντι, ϝήλημα (βήλημα), εἶλαρ, and C is to be compared with εἰλύω, Lat. volvo: some passages are doubtful in meaning, μή νυν περὶ σαυτὸν εἶλλε τὴν γνώμην ἀεί do not roll or wrap your thought round you, or do not confine your thought within you, Ar.Nu. 761; γῆν.. ἰλλομένην (v.l. εἱλλ-, εἰλλ-) was taken to mean revolving by Arist.Cael. 293b31 (cf.περὶ τὸ μέσον εἱλεῖσθαι Mete. 356a5
) but expld. (omitting τήν ) as packed tightly about.. by Procl.in Ti.3.136 D.; ἐν δὲ τῇ ταραχῇ (in the churning) εὐρυχωρίης γινομένης, εἰλέεται (sc. τὸ ὑγρόν) ἀποκεκριμένον καὶ θερμαίνει τὸ σῶμα perh. is squeezed out, Hp. Morb.4.51; πρὶν δὲ ταραχθῆναι οὐκ ἔχει ἐκχωρέειν τὸ πλεῖον τοῦ ὑγροῦ, ἀλλ' ἄνω καὶ κάτω εἰλέεται μεμιγμένον τῷ ἄλλῳ ὑγρῷ is driven up and down, ibid.:— νῆα κεραυνῷ Ζεὺς ἔλσας (ἐλάσας Zenod.
) ἐκέασσε prob. striking the ship.., Od.5.132, cf. 7.250 (only here in this sense). -
96 νωμάω
Aνώμασκε Mosch.4.108
:—[voice] Med., v.infr.: ( νέμω A.I.I):—deal out, distribute, esp. food and drink at festivals, Il.1.471, Od.3.340, etc. ; ν. φιάλαισιν ἀμπέλου παῖδα pour wine into the several cups, Pi.N.9.51 ;ν. προπόσεις Critias 1.7
D.II (νέμω A.
III. 2) direct, guide,1 of weapons, implements, etc., handle, wield,ἐν παλάμῃσι πελώριον ἔγχος ἐνώμα Il.5.594
;οἶδ' ἐπὶ δεξιά, οἶδ' ἐπ' ἀριστερὰ νωμῆσαι βῶν 7.238
; ;ἄλεισον.. μετὰ χερσὶν ἐνώμα Od.22.10
; ἀεὶ γὰρ πόδα νηὸς ἐνώμων managed the sheet, 10.32 ;νηὸς.. οἰήϊα νωμᾷς 12.218
;ἁνία χερσὶ ν. Pi.I.1.15
; drive,ν. δίφρους Id.P.4.18
;ν. κύλικα Theophil.2.5
:—[voice] Med.,νωμήσασθαι σάκος Q.S.3.439
.b metaph.,ἐν πρύμνῃ πόλεως οἴακα νωμῶν A.Th.3
;νώμα δικαίῳ πηδαλίῳ στρατόν Pi.P.1.86
;πᾶν ἐπὶ τέρμα ν. A.Ag. 781
(lyr.) ;νωμᾶτ' ὠκεανόν, νωμᾶθ' ἅλα, δένδρεά τ' αὔτως Orph.H.38.8
, etc.: abs., to be the guiding power, S.Fr.941.11.2 of the limbs of the human body, ply,γούνατ' ἐν. Il.10.358
;ὄμμα Parm.1.35
;φυγᾷ πόδα ν. S.OT 468
(lyr.) ; ν. ὀφρύν move the brow, A.Ch. 288 ;πτερὸν αἰθέρι ν. AP9.339
(Arch.) ;πήδα.. παμφυὲς νωμῶν δέμας IG42(1).130.19
(Epid.).3 metaph., of the mind, turn over, ἐνὶ φρεσὶ κέρδε' ἐνώμας thou didst use to turn wiles over in the mind, Od.18.216 ;κέρδεα νωμῶν 20.257
; ply nimbly, .4 observe, νωμῶντες.. σῖτα ἀναιρεομένους observing them in the act of foraging, Hdt.4.128 ; of soothsayers,ἐν ὠσὶ ν. καὶ φρεσίν.. χρηστηρίους ὄρνιθας A.Th.25
;ὦ πάντα νωμῶν, Τειρεσία S.OT 300
, cf. E.Ph. 1256 ;τὸ νωμᾶν καὶ τὸ σκοπεῖν ταὐτόν Pl.Cra. 411d
; so prob. in h.Cer. 373 ἀμφὶ ἕ νωμήσας peering round him.III [voice] Med., = νέμομαι, possess, occupy, χώραν, νῆσον, Supp.Epigr.2.511.56, al. (Crete, ii B. C.).—Poet. word, exc. in Hdt. and Pl.Il.cc. and in signf. III. -
97 πρόφασις
A motive or cause alleged, whether truly or falsely: then, actual motive or cause, whether alleged or not:I alleged motive, plea, without implication of truth or falsity, ἐπὶ σμικρῇ π. Thgn.323;νόστου π. γλυκεροῦ κώλυεν μεῖναι Pi. P.4.32
;κατὰ θεωρίης πρόφασιν ἐκπλώσας Hdt.1.29
;π. ἔχων, ὡς.. Id.6.133
; καὶ ἐπὶ μεγάλῃ καὶ ἐπὶ βραχείᾳ π. whether the plea put forward be a trifle or a weighty matter, Th.1.141; τῆς αἰτίας τὴν π. the plea in the case, the basis of the charge, Lys.9.7; τοιαύτας ἔχοντες π. καὶ αἰτίας pleas and motives, Th.3.13; π. ἐπιεικής ib.9;ἀναγκαῖαι Is.4.20
, D.54.17; προφάσεις ἀληθεῖς λέγοντος pleading what was in fact true, And.4.17.2 falsely alleged motive (or cause), pretext, pretence, excuse, π. ἰδίης ἀβουλίης an excuse for.., Democr.119;οὔτε τιν' ἔχων π. οὔτε λόγον εὐτράπελον Ar.V. 468
(lyr.);καλλίστην εἶναι π., τιμωρεῖσθαι μὲν δοκεῖν, ἔργῳ δὲ χρηματίζεσθαι Lys.12.6
: abs. in acc., πρόφασιν in pretence, ostensibly,στενάχοντο γυναῖκες Πάτροκλον π., σφῶν δ' αὐτῶν κήδε' ἑκάστη Il.19.302
, cf. Hdt.5.33, E.IA 362 (troch.), Ar.Eq. 466, etc.; opp. τὸ ἀληθές, Th.6.33: in dat.,προφάσει Id.3.86
; προφάσει τῶν δημοσίων on the pretence that public debts are owing, OGI669.15 (Egypt, i A.D.); προφάσιος [εἵνεκεν], προφάσεως ἕνεκα, Hdt.4.135, Antipho 6.14;προφάσεως χάριν Arist.Pol. 1297a14
; ἐκ μικρᾶς π. Plb.2.17.3;ἐπὶ προφάσιος Hdt.7.150
: folld. by an inf., αὕτη γὰρ ἦν σοι π. ἐκβαλεῖν ἐμέ for casting me out, S.Ph. 1034;οὔτε.. ἔστιν οὐδεμία π. τοῦ μὴ δρᾶν Pl.Ti. 20c
; π. τοῖς δειλοῖς ἔχει μὴ ἰέναι gives them an excuse or plea for not going, Id.R. 469c;οὐδεμία σοι π. ἐστιν ὡς.. X.Cyr.2.2.15
; εὑρὼν π. BGU 1024 vi 21 (iv A.D.).b phrases, πρόφασιν διδόναι, ἐνδοῦναι, allow, afford an excuse, D.43.53, 18.158;οὐκ ἐνδώσομεν π. οὐδενὶ κακῷ γενέσθαι Th.2.87
; π. μηδεμίαν θέμενος making no excuse, Thgn.364; π. προτεῖναι put forward a pretext, Hdt. 1.156;π. τὴν Παυσανίεω ὕβριν προϊσχόμενοι Id.8.3
;προφάσεις παρέχειν Ar.Av. 581
, cf. D.10.35, 18.156; προφάσιας εἷλκον kept making pretences, Hdt.6.86;πάσας π. ἕλκουσιν Ar.Lys. 726
;π. δέχεσθαι Pl.Cra. 421d
(cf.ἀγών 111.5
);π. εὑρίσκειν τοῦ ἀδικήματος Antipho 5.65
;π. καλῶς εὑρημένη Archipp.36
;ἔχθρας π. ζητήσουσιν Pl.Phdr. 234a
, cf. PCair.Zen.270.9 (iii B.C.);π. τινὰ πρεσβείας πορισάμενοι Pl.Ep. 350a
;π. κατασκευάσαι X.Cyr.2.4.17
; ἔχει προφάσεις it is excusable, ib.3.1.27; ;προφάσεις εὐλόγους εἰλήφεσαν D.18.152
;ἐχόμενος προφάσιος Hdt.6.94
;ἐπιλαβέσθαι Id.3.36
, 6.49;τὰς π. ἀφελεῖν D.2.27
;προφάσεως δεῖσθαι Arist. Rh. 1373a3
: personified, τὰν Ἐπιμαθέος ὀψινόου θυγατέρα Π. Pi.P.5.28.c elliptically, μή μοι πρόφασιν no excuse, no shuffling, Ar. Ach. 345;μὴ προφάσεις ἐνταῦθά μοι Alex.127.1
.II the actual motive, purpose, or cause, whether alleged or not, ; ; τὸ ἐκ προφάσεως τῶν.. στρατιωτῶν δηληγατευθὲν μέτρον ἐλαίου for the purpose of.., PLips.64.2, cf. 8 (iv A.D.);τὴν ἀληθεστάτην π., ἀφανεστάτην δὲ λόγῳ Th.1.23
, cf. 6.6, D.18.156, SIG 888.138 (Scaptopara, iii A.D., pl.): esp. as a medical t.t., external exciting cause, ἐκ πάσης π. ἐκτιτ ρώσκουσι they miscarry on any provocation, Hp.Aph.3.12, cf.Epid.3.3, 3.17.ιά, Acut.(Sp.) 6;τοὺς δ' ἄλλους ἀπ' οὐδεμιᾶς π... τῆς κεφαλῆς θέρμαι.. ἐλάμβανε Th.2.49
: pl., Hp. Aër.16, Fract.15, al.: generally, cause,σμικρὰ π. ἔξωθεν Pl.R. 556e
; βραχεῖα π. Hp.Coac. 477;ἀπὸ μηδεμιᾶς π. ἔξωθεν ἀξιολόγου Diocl.Fr. 82
; φανερὴ π. Hp.Aph.2.41, cf. X.HG6.4.33;ἐπεὶ δέ οἱ ἔδεε κακῶς γενέσθαι, ἐγένετο ἀπὸ προφάσιος τὴν ἐγὼ.. ἀπηγήσομαι Hdt.2.161
, cf. 4.145, 7.230;ἄνθρωπός εἰμι, τοῦτο δ' αὐτὸ τῷ βίῳ π. μεγίστην εἰς τὸ λυπεῖσθαι φέρει Diph.106
, cf. Men.230, 811, Philem.194; βραχείας προφάσεως ἔδει μόνον ἐφ' ᾗ.. δεξόμεθα.. it needed but a little to move us to.., E.IA 1180.2 occasion, θοἰμάτιον δεικνὺς τοδὶ πρόφασιν ἔφασκον, ὦ γύναι, λίαν σπαθᾷς I said à propos,.. I took occasion to say.., Ar.Nu.55; ἐπὶ τῇ ἐμῇ π. à propos of me, Lys.6.19; ἐπὶ τῇ π. τῆς ἐμαυτοῦ ἀρχῆς on the occasion of my accession, PFay.20.11 (iii/iv A.D.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πρόφασις
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98 τρέχω
τρέχω, Od.9.386, etc.: [tense] fut. θρέξομαι ([etym.] ἀπο-) Ar.Nu. 1005 (anap.), ([etym.] μετα-) Id. Pax 261, ([etym.] περῖ) Id.Ra. 193; θρέξω only in Lyc.108; butAἀπο-θρέξεις Pl.Com.232
: [tense] aor. 1 ἔθρεξα (v. infr.):—but the usual [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. come from the root δραμ-, viz. , X.An. 7.3.45, etc.; [dialect] Ion.δραμέομαι Hdt.8.102
; late ; butὑπερ-δραμῶ Philetaer.3
(dub. l.); δράμομαι in compd.ἀναδράμεται AP 9.575
(Phil.): [tense] aor. 2 ἔδρᾰμον (v. infr.): [tense] pf. δεδράμηκα [pron. full] [ᾰ] Philem. 38, Men.741, ([etym.] ἀνα-) Hdt.8.55, ([etym.] κατα-) X.HG4.7.6, ([etym.] περι-) Pl.Clit. 410a, ([etym.] συν-) D.17.9: [tense] plpf. ἐδεδραμήκεσαν ([etym.] κατ-) Th.8.92: poet. [tense] pf. δέδρομα ([etym.] ἀνα-, ἐπι-) Od.5.412, 20.357:—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. δεδράμημαι ([etym.] ἐπι-) X.Oec.15.1.—The Verb is not common in Hom., who has [tense] pres. in Il.23.520, Od.9.386; in Il.18.599, 602, [dialect] Ion. Iterat. θρέξασκον ( ἔθρεξα was also old [dialect] Att., Epigr. ap. Plu.Arist.20, E.IA 1569 (s. v. l., ἔβρεξε Weil), ([etym.] περι-) Ar.Th. 657); but the common [tense] aor. was ἔδραμον, Il. 23.393, Od.23.207, al.—[dialect] Dor. [full] τράχω [pron. full] [ᾰ] Pi.P.8.32, Hsch., EM356.10: [tense] fut.θραξοῦμαι Hsch.
:—run, of men,ἰθὺς δράμε Od.23.207
, etc.;θρέξασκον ἐπισταμένοισι πόδεσσι Il.18.599
;τρέχει Ὅρκος ἅμα.. δίκῃσιν Hes. Op. 219
;ᾤχεο τρέχων Epich.37
, 110 ( τράχων cf. Ahrens);βαδίζειν καὶ τ. Pl.Grg. 468a
; τρέχων, opp. βάδην, X.Cyr.2.2.30;τ. χερσίν, οὐ ποδωκείᾳ σκελῶν A.Eu.37
: of horses, Il.23.393, 520: the part. is freq. added to another Verb, τί οὐ τρέχων σὺ τὰς τραπέζας ἐκφέρεις; why do you not run and carry out.. ? Pl.Com.69.2, cf. Pl.R. 327b; v. infr. 2.2 of things, move quickly,τὸ δὲ [τρύπανον] τ. ἐμμενὲς αἰεί Od.9.386
, cf. Il.14.413;ναῦς παρὰ γῆν ἔδραμεν Thgn.856
;πόλιν.. ἐξ οὐρίων δραμοῦσαν S.Aj. 1083
; τὸ δ' ἐν ποσὶ τράχον ἴτω let what is now before me go trippingly, Pi.P.8.32;ἐπὶ καρδίαν ἔδραμε.. σταγών A.Ag. 1121
(lyr.); having run its course,S.
Aj. 731; πυρετὸς.. ἥκει τρέχων has come quickly, Nicopho 12.3 οἱ τρέχοντες a constellation rising with Libra, Antiochus ap. Teucrum in Boll Sphaera 58.II c. acc. loci, run over,ῥόθια πεδία E.Hel. 1117
(lyr.);ὁ ἵππος τ. καὶ πρανῆ καὶ ὄρεια X.Eq. 8.1
:—in [dialect] Att. Prose θέω seems to be more freq. in the [tense] pres., and in some phrases used exclusively, e.g. θεῖν δρόμῳ, v. θέω (A) 11.1 and cf. Th.3.111, X.An.1.8.18.2 c. acc. cogn., δραμεῖν ἀγῶνα, βῆμα, δίαυλον, δρόμον, run a course, a heat, E.El. 883, 954, Alex.235, Men. 741, etc.; λαμπάδας, i. e. torch-races, IG22.1028.14: freq. metaph., ἀγῶνα δρ. run a risk, E.Alc. 489, cf. IA 1455;ἀγῶνα θανάσιμον δραμούμενον Id.Or. 878
; πολλοὺς ἀγῶνας δραμέονται περὶ σφέων αὐτῶν run for their life or safety, Hdt.8.102;κινδύνων τὸν μέγιστον τ. D.H.4.47
; τὸν ὑπὲρ ψυχῆς ἀγῶνα, κίνδυνον ὑπὲρ τῆς ψυχῆς τ., Id.7.48, 4.4;ἐσχάτην τρέχοντες ταύτην Plb.1.87.3
: sts. the acc. is omitted, περὶ ἑωυτοῦ τρέχων running for his life, Hdt.7.57; περὶ τῆςψυχῆς Id.9.37
;φόνου πέρι E.El. 1264
; περὶ νίκης f.l. in X.An.1.5.8 ( ἐπὶ νίκῃ Rehdantz); cf. θέω (A) 1.2,δρόμος 1.2
, κρέας fin.3 παρὰ ἓν πάλαισμα ἔδραμε νικᾶν he was within one fall or bout of carrying off the victory, Hdt.9.33; cf. παρά c. 111.5,τριάζω 1
. -
99 ἐπάγω
ἐπάγω [ᾰ],A bring on,οἷον ἐπ' ἦμαρ ἄγῃσι πατήρ Od.18.137
;ἐ. πῆμά τινι Hes.Op. 242
; ; ἐλεύθερον ἦμαρ Bacisap.Hdt.8.77;ἄτην ἐπ' ἄτῃ A.Ch. 404
(lyr.), cf. S.Aj. 1189 (lyr.);κινδύνους τινί Is.8.3
;πόλεμον ἐπὶ τὰς Θήβας Aeschin.3.140
;νόσους γῆράς τε ἐ. Pl. Ti. 33a
;πάθος ἐ. Hp.Morb.Sacr.3
.2 set on, urge on, as hunters do dogs, ἐπάγοντες ἐπῇσαν (sc. κύνας) Od.19.445, cf. X.Cyn.10.19:— in [voice] Med., ib.6.25.b lead on an army against the enemy,Ἄρη τινί A.Pers.85
(lyr.);τὴν στρατιήν Hdt.1.63
, cf.7.165;τὸ δεξιὸν κέρας Ar. Av. 353
;στρατόπεδον Th.6.69
;τινὰ ἐπί τινα Id.8.46
: intr., march against,τισί Plb.2.29.2
: abs., dub. in Luc.Hist.Conscr.21: metaph., Diph.44 (nisi leg. ἐπῇττε).3 lead on by persuasion, influence, Od.14.392, Th.1.107;ἐλπὶς ἥ σ' ἐπήγαγεν E.Hec. 1032
: c. inf., induce one to do, ib. 260, Isoc.14.63:—[voice] Pass.,οἷς ἐπαχθέντες ὑμεῖς D.5.10
(cod. S).4 bring in, invite as aiders or allies,τὸν Πέρσην Hdt.9.1
, cf. 8.112; τὸν Π. ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἕλληνας Epist. Phil. ap. D.12.7; (v. infr.11.2.5 bring to a place, bring in, S.Tr. 378, E.Ph. 905;ἅμαξαι.. τοὺς λίθους ἐπῆγον Th. 1.93
:—[voice] Med., draw in nourishment, of roots, Thphr.HP1.1.9:— [voice] Pass.,τροφὰ ἐπάγεται τῷ σώματι Ti.Locr.102b
.6 bring in, supply,ἐπιτήδεια Th.7.60
;τὰ ἐκ τῶν διωρύχων ἐ. νάματα Pl.Criti. 118e
;λίμνην.. εἰς τὴν ἅλμην Ephipp.5.12
: metaph.,ἐπάγει ἡ ψυχὴ τὸ ἓν ἄλλῳ Plot.6.9.1
.7 lay on or apply to one, ἐ. κέντρον πώλοις, of a charioteer, E.Hipp. 1194;ἐ. πληγὴν ἐπί τινα LXX Is.10.24
; ἐ. ζημίαν, = ἐπιτιθέναι, Luc.Anach.11; ἔπαγε τὴν γνάθον lay your jaws to it, Ar. V. 370; ἐ. τὴν διάνοιάν τινι apply it, Plu.Per.1.8 bring forward, ἐ. ψῆφον τοῖς ξυμμάχοις propose a vote to them, like ἐπιψηφίζειν ἐς.. Th.1.125, cf. 87; ψῆφος ἐπῆκτό τινι περὶ φυγῆς against him, X.An.7.7.57, cf. D.47.28;ἐ. ὅρκον τισί Paus.4.14.4
, cf.IG9(1).334.13 ([dialect] Locr.); also ἐ. δίκην, γραφήν τινι, bring a suit against one, Pl.Lg. 881e, D.18.150; γραφάς, εὐθύνας, εἰσαγγελίας ib.249;λεγέτω πρότερος ὁ ἐπάγων τὰν δίκαν Foed.Delph.Pell.1
A10;ἐ. αἰτίαν τινί D.18.141
;αἰτίαν ἐπήγαγέ μοι φόνου ψευδῆ Id.21.110
, cf.114.9 bring in over and above,παροψώνημα A.Ag. 1446
;τῷ λόγῳ τὸ ἔργον Plu.Lyc.8
:—[voice] Pass., τὸ ἐπαγόμενον φωνῆεν the vowel which follows, EM176.55; ὁ ἐ. ἀγών extraordinary, CIG 3491 ([place name] Thyatira).b intercalate days in the year, Hdt.2.4, D.S.1.50; αἱ ἐπαγόμεναι, with or without ἡμέραι, intercalated days, ib.13, Plu.2.355e, Inscr.Cypr.134 H., PStrassb.91.6, Vett.Val.20.26, 36.9, etc.10 in instruction or argument, lead on,τινὰς ἐπὶ τὰ μήπω γιγνωσκόμενα Pl.Plt. 278a
:—[voice] Pass.,ἐπαχθέντων αὐτῶν Aristox.Harm.p.23
M.b esp. in the Logic of Aristotle, teach or convince by induction,ἐπάγοντα ἀπὸ τῶν καθ' ἕκαστον ἐπὶ τὸ καθόλου καὶ τῶν γνωρίμων ἐπὶ τὰ ἄγνωστα Top.156a4
:—[voice] Pass., , cf.71a21,24: abs., συλλογιζόμενον ἢ ἐπάγοντα by syllogism or by induction, Rh.1356b8, cf. Top.157a21,al.;οὐδ' ὁ ἐπάγων ἀποδείκνυσιν APo.91b15
.c also ἐ. τὸ καθόλου bring forward, advance: hence, infer the general principle,τῇ καθ' ἕκαστα ἐπὶ τῶν ὁμοίων ἐπαγωγῇ ἐ. τὸ καθόλου Top.108b11
, cf. SE 174a34; so later, adduce the argument,ὅτι.. Alex.Aphr.
inSE6.2; conclude, infer, Arr.Epict.4.8.9.11 ἐ. τὴν κοιλίαν move the bowels, v.l. for ὑπ-, Dsc.4.157.II [voice] Med., bring to oneself, procure or provide for oneself,ἐκ θαλάσσης ὧν δέονται ἐπάξονται Th.1.81
, cf. 6.99: metaph., Ἅιδα φεῦξιν ἐ. devise, invent a means of shunning death, S. Ant. 362 (lyr.);τὴν τῶν ξυμμάχων δούλωσιν Th.3.10
;τῶν.. κακῶν ἐ. λήθην Men.467
.2 of persons, bring into one's country, bring in or introduce as allies (v. supr. 1.4), Hdt.2.108, Th.1.3, 2.68, 4.64,al.;οἰκιστὴν ἐ. Hdt.6.34
, cf. 5.67;ἐπιϝοίκους ἐ. Berl.Sitsb.1927.8
([dialect] Locr., v B. C.).3 μάρτυρας ποιητὰς ἐ. call them in as witnesses, Pl.R. 364c, cf. Lg. 823a, Arist.Metaph. 995a8; ἐ. ποιητὰς ἐν τοῖς λόγοις introduce by way of quotation, Pl.Prt. 347e;τὸν Ἡσίοδον μάρτυρα Id.Ly. 215c
; ἐ. μαρτύρια adduce testimonies, X.Smp.8.34;εἰκόνας ἐ. Id.Oec.17.15
;ὅρκον ἐ. πάντα τὰ ζῷα Porph.Abst.3.16
.4 bring upon oneself,νύκτα ἐν μεσημβρίᾳ Pl.Lg. 897d
;φθόνον X.Ap.32
;συμφορὰν ἐμαυτῷ Lys.4.19
;αὐθαίρετον αὑτοῖς δουλείαν D.19.259
;πράγματα Id.54.1
;ἑαυτοῖς δεστότην ἐ. τὸν νόμον Pl.Grg. 492b
;μητρυιὰν ἐ. κατὰ τῶν ἰδίων τέκνων D.S.12.12
.6 bring over to oneself, win over,τὸ πλῆθος Th.5.45
;τινὰ εἰς εὔνοιαν Plb.7.14.4
: c. acc. et inf., ἐ. τινὰς ξυγχωρῆσαι induce them to concede, Th.5.41. -
100 μοχλός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `lever, bar, long, strong bar', often used to shut off doors, `crossmeam, -bar' (Od.).Other forms: μοκλός Anakr. 88Derivatives: Diminut. μοχλ-ίον ( Com. Adesp., Luc.), - ίσκος (Hp., Ar.), μοχλ-ικός `regarding the lever' (Hp., Ph. Bel.) and the verbs 1. μοχλεύω, also with ἀνα-, ἐκ-, `(re)move with a lever' (ion. poet., also late prose) with μοχλ-εία `removing with a lever, restore with a lever' (Arist., medic.), - ευσις `id.' (Hp.), - ευτής (Ar.), - ευτικός `belonging to using the lever' (medic.); 2. μοχλέω `id.' (M 259); 3. μοχλόω `shut with a bar' (Ar.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: One supposed *μογ-σλο-ς with the same instrumental suffix as e.g. in Lat. pālus `pole' \< *paḱ-slos (cf. on πάσσαλος and μύχλος). Acc. to Chantraine Form. 240 rather with λο-suffix and expressive aspiration. The basis is in any case the same word (verb?) as in μόχθος and μογέω (s. vv.). -- Schulze KZ 28, 270 n. 1 = Kl. Schr. 437 n. 1 (p. 438) identified μοχλός with a from Lat. mōlior reconsructed * mōlos `lever'; diff. on mōlior W.-Hofmann s.v. To be rejected Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73, 528: to Skt. myakṣ- `sit fast' as also in μόχθος. - The variation and the connection with μόχθος and μογέω shows that the word is Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,262Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μοχλός
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