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1 όψιμος
lateΕλληνικά-Αγγλικά νέο λεξικό (Greek-English new dictionary) > όψιμος
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2 ὀψέ
A after a long time, at length, late, ἔκ τε καὶ ὀ. τελεῖ, opp. αὐτίκα, Il.4.161;ὀ. κακῶς ἔλθοι Od.9.534
, etc.; ὀ. διδάσκεσθαι, μανθάνειν, to be late in learning, learn too late, A.Ag. 1425, S. OC 1264;ὀψέ γε φρονεῖς εὖ E.Or.99
; alsoὀ. δή Il.7.399
, etc.;ὀ. γοῦν A.
l.c.;ὀ. περ Pi.N.3.80
.b ὀ. ἀφ' οὗ .. it is not long since.., Th.1.14.2 late in the day, at even, Il.21.232, Od.5.272, Th.4.106, etc.; ὀφλεῖν.. ὀ. ὁδοῦ incur a penalty for being out late at night, Pl.Cra. 433a (dub.); late in the season, Hes.Op. 485; ὀ. ἦν, ὀ. ἐγίγνετο, it was, it was getting, late, X.An.2.2.16, 3.4.36; ἡ μάχη ἐτελεύτα ἐς (v.l. ἕως) ὀ. did not end till late, Th.3.108; soἐς ὀψέ Id.8.23
; but εἰς ὀ. ψηφίζεσθαι continue voting till late in the day, D.57.15. -
3 ὀψέ
Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `after, after a long time, late (in the evening), too late' (Il.).Compounds: Often ὀψι- as 1. member (after ἀγχι-, ἠρι- a.o.), e.g. ὀψί-γονος `late-born, younger' (Il., Hdt., Arist.); also ὀψ-, e.g. ὀψ-αρό-της m. `who ploughs late' (Hes. Op. 490); cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 111 f. As 2. member in ἀπ-οψέ (A. D.), κατ-οψέ (Alex. Trall.) `late (at night)', cf. κατ-όπιν, ἀπο-πρό a.o.Derivatives: 1. ὀψι-αίτερος, - αίτατος (Att.; after παλαίτερος a.o.). 2. ὄψ-ιος `late' (Pi., Arist.) with ὀψιό-της f. (Thphr.), like πρώϊ-ος; - ιμος `id.' (X., hell.), like πρώϊ-μος (through reinterpretation of ὄψιμος `visible' [Β 325]?; s. Arbenz 22 f.); - ινός `id.' (Empire; after ἑωθι-νός a.o.; Chantraine Form. 200 f., Wackernagel Unt. 105 n. 1). 3. ὀψ-ίχα ὀψέ. Βυζάντιοι H. (diminutive like ὁσσ-ίχος a. o.). 4. ὀψ-ία f. `evening' (IA.). 5. ὀψ-ίζω `to be late, to retard' (Lys., X.) with - ισμός m. `delay' (D. H.). On ὀψ-έ with oxytonized -έ there is no agreement. Nearest comes τῆλ-ε (s. v.); cf. - δε, - θε, - σε, - τε (Schwyzer 631).Etymology: To ὄψ-ι agrees ὕψ-ι `in high'. Unenlarged *ὄψ like ἄψ (s.v. w. lit.); identical with Lat. ops- beside op, ob `up(on) -- towards, at -- towards' in o(b)s-tendō a.o. Withou -ς in ὄπισθεν, ὀπίσ(σ)ω, ὀπώρα; s. vv. w. further lit.Page in Frisk: 2,458-459Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀψέ
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4 σῆμα
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `sign, symbol, trait, omen, mark, character, feature, gravestone' (Il.).Other forms: Dor. σᾶμα.Compounds: Compp., e.g. σηματ-ουργός m. `mark maker' (A.); often as 2. member with regular transition in the o-stems, e.g. ἄ-σημος, Dor. ἄ-σᾱμος `without signs, unimpressed, unintelligible' (IA., Dor.), isolated ἀ-σήμων `id.' (S.), ἐπί-σημος, Dor. -ᾱ- `provided with a mark' (IA., Dor.), n. - ον `mark, weapon' (Ion. hell. a. late), also -α (Simon., A. a.o.; after σῆμα).Derivatives: 1. the adj. σημα-λέος `sending signs', surn. of Zeus (Paus.), - τόεις `full of gravestones' (AP). 2. the verbs a. σημαίνω, Dor. (Pamphyl.) σᾱμ-, often w. prefix, e.g. ἐπι-, ὑπο-, δια-, ἀπο-, `to give a sign, to denounce, to order' (Il.) with σημάν-τωρ, - τορος m. `commander, ruler, guide' (ep. Il.), des. of a military official (Hdt. 7, 81), `annunciator, announcing' (late poet.; on the meaning Aly Glotta 5, 58 ff.), - τήρ, - τήριον, - τρον, - τρίς, - τρια, - τικός, - σις, also σημασία f. `announcement etc.' (Arist., hell. a. late; Schwyzer 469); b. σηματίζομαι = σημαίνομαι (sch.). 3. Subst. a. dimin. σημάτιον n. (Eust.); b. σημ-εῖον, Ion. -ήϊον, Dor. σᾱμ- n. `sign, mark, standard, signal, signet' (IA., Dor.; as μνημ-εῖον: μνῆμ-α; s. on μιμνήσκω) with - ειώδης `noteworthy' (Arist., hell. a. late), - ειόομαι, - ειόω, also w. ἐπι- a. o., `to note, to notice; to provide with a seal' (Hp., Thphr., hell. a. late), from where - είωσις, - είωμα, - ειωτικός; c. σημ-εία (- έα, - αία) f. `standard, banner' (hell. a. late; after βασιλ-εία etc.; Schwyzer 469, 470 n. 6). 4. PN Σαμιχος m. (Boeot. inscr.) a.o.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The word seems an inherited word, but is without convincing etymology. After Brugmann (e.g. Grundr.1 II 348) identical with Skt. dhyā-man- n. `thought' (late lex.; to dhyā́-yati, -ti `think'); semantic. not really striking. E. Leumann (s. Schwyzer 322 n. 1) compares Sak. (North-Ar.) śśāma `sign'. -- From ἄσημον MPers. asēm `(uncoined) silver', NPers. sīm `(silver) thread'; cf. Bailey Trans. Phil. Soc. 1933, 50.Page in Frisk: 2,695-696Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σῆμα
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5 στόρνυμι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to stretch out, to spread out, to make one's bed, to even, to pave, to strew, to sprinkle' (ρ 32).Other forms: στρώννυμι (A. Ag. 909 [ στορνύναι Elmsley], hell. a. late), στορέννυμι (late), everywhere also - ύω, aor. στορέσαι (Il.), στρῶσαι (IA.), pass. στορεσθῆναι (Hp. a.o.), στρωθῆναι (D.S. etc.), perf. pass. ἔστρωμαι (since Κ 155), ἐστόροται or - ηται (Aeol. gramm.), ἐστόρεσμαι (late), act. ἔστρωκα (hell. a. late), fut. στορῶ (Ar.), στρώσω (E. etc.), Dor. στορεσεῖν (Theoc.), στρωννύσω (Ps.-Luc.), pass. στρωθήσομαι (LXX), vbaladj. στρωτός (Hes.).Derivatives: l. στρῶμα ( κατά-, ὑπό- a.o.) n. `which is spread out, carpet, bedding, layer' (IA.) with - άτιον n. (hell. a. late - ατεύς m. 'bed-sack' (Thphr. a.o.), `variegated patchwork' (Gell.), name of a fish (Philo ap. Ath.; after the golden stripes; Bosshardt 62, Strömberg Fischn. 28), - ατίτης ἔρανος `picknick with one's own bedding' (Cratin.; Redard 115), - ατίζω `to provide with a carpet, to plaster' (hell. inscr., Poll., H.). 2. στρωμνή, Dor. -ά, Aeol. -ᾶ f. `carpet, mattress, bed' (Sapph., Pi., Att. etc.) with - άομαι in ἐστρωμνημένος (Phot.); cf. λίμνη, ποίμνη a.o. 3. στρῶσις ( ὑπό- a.o.) f. `the spreading, plastering' (hell. a. late). 4. στρωτήρ m. `cross-beam, roof-lath' (Ar. Fr. 72, hell. a. late) with - ήριον, - ηρίδιον `id.' (EM, H., Suid.); στρώτης m. `one that gets ready the beds and dinner couches' (middl. com., Plu.). 5. On itself stands στορεύς m. `the lower, flat part of a device for making fire' (H., sch.). = γαληνοποιός (H.); from *στόρος or -ά?; cf. Bosshardt 80. 6. With ο-vowel also στόρνη f. = ζώνη (Call., Lyc.), prob. to στόρνυμι; here Myc. api tonijo (Taillardat REGr. 73, 5ff.)?? Thus στορνυτέα καταστρωτέα, περιοικοδομητέα H.Etymology: The original triad στόρ-νυμι: στορέ-σαι: στρω-τός, ἔ-στρω-μαι is partly leveled through innovations: στρώννυμι (after ζών-νυ-μι for ζωσ-), στρῶσαι after στρωτός, ἔστρωμαι; στορέννυμι after στορέσαι. As in κορέσαι, κορέννυμι, ὀλέσαι, ὄλλυμι a.o. the ο-vowel makes difficulties and has aroused a lively discussion (s. lit. s. vv.). With στόρνυμι (for *στάρνυμι?) agrees further formally Skt. str̥ṇóti `stretch down, throw down'; because of Germ., e.g. Goth. straujan, NHG streuen we can posit an IE * streu- with n-infix. Other nasal presents are Skt. str̥ṇā́ti `id.', Lat. sternō = OIr. sernim `spread out', Alb. shtrinj `id.' (IE *str̥ni̯ō). On semantic differentiation Narten Münch. Stud. 22, 57 ff., Sprache 14, 131 f. To the zero grade στρωτός answers Lat. strātus, Lith. stìrta f. `heap of hay, piled up heap, dry scaffolding' and Skt.stīrṇá- `spread out'. Disyllabic the full grade στορέ-σαι like Skt. a-starī-ṣ (2. sg.; midd. 3. sg. a-stari-ṣṭa, inf. stari-tavai; one expects * sterh₃- which would give στερο-, which has been metathesized to στορε-, but we don't know how or why; cf Schwyzer 752). Also στρῶμα has an exact counterpart, i.e. in Lat. strāmen, strāmentum `straw' (beside Skt. stárĩ-man- n. `expansion'; cf. Schwyzer 520 w. n. 5). Also agree στόρνη = ζώνη and Slav., e.g. Russ. storoná `region, side', both prob. as innovations. The isolated στορεύς (from *στόρος, -ά or innovation to στορ-έσαι, - νυμι?) represents also the same vowel grade as Russ. pro-tór m. `room, greatness' and Skt. pra-stará- m. `straw, cushion, flatness'. Further forms w. lit. in Bq, WP. 2, 638ff., Pok. 1029ff., W.-Hofmann s. sternō, Fraenkel s. stìrta, Vasmer s. prosterétь and storoná. On the stemformation esp. Strunk Nasalpräs. u. Aor. (1967) 113 f. Cf. still στέρνον and στρατός.Page in Frisk: 2,802-803Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στόρνυμι
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6 σύρω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to draw, to trail, to drag, to pull, to ravish, to sweep'(IA.).Other forms: Aor. σῦραι, pass. σῠρῆναι (late), fut. συρῶ (LXX), perf. σέσυρμαι, - κα (hell. a. late).Compounds: Very often w. prefix in diff. shades of meaning, e.g. δια- (also `to hackle, to mock'), ἐπι- (also `to be, treat neglectful etc.'), κατα-, παρα-. As 1. member in σύργαστρος (s.v.)?Derivatives: 1. σύρμα ( ἀπό-, ἐπί-, παρά-, περί-) n. `train-dress, sweepings, dragging movement' (Ion., X., hell. a. late) with συρμα-τῖτις κόπρος `manure-heap consisting of sweepings' (Thphr.; Redard 109), - τικη φωνή `drawn-out accent' (VIIp), - τὶς στρατιά ἡ τὰ συμψήγματα καὶ φρύγανα σύρουσα καὶ συλλέγουσα H. 2. συρμός ( ἐπι-, περι-, ὑπο-) m. `grinding, dragging, pulling movement' (of a wind, a gulf, a meteor, a snake a.o.; Arist. etc), `the vomiting' (Nic.); δια- σύρω `the pulling apart, to bemock' (hell. a. late); from this συρ-μάδες f. pl. `snowdrifts' (late), - μαία, Ion. - μαίη f. `vomitive, radish' (Ion., Ar. etc.), also name of a Lacon. priestrank (inscr., H.), with - μαΐζω `to take a vomitive', -μαϊσμός m. (Hdt., medic.), - μίον λάχανόν τι σελίνῳ ἐοικός H., - μιστήρ ξυλο-πώλης H. 3. συρμή f. `trailing tail of a snake' (sch.). -- 4. σύρ-της m. `towing-rope' (Man., H.), - τῶν gen. pl. (nom. sg. - της or - τός) name of a dance (Akraiphia Ip), διασύρ-της m. `slanderer' (Ptol.), δια-, ἐκ-συρτικός (hell. a. late). 5. ἀνασυρτ-όλις f. `lewd woman' (Hippon.; cf. οἰφόλις and Chantraine Form. 237 f.). 6. Prob. also Σύρτις f. name of a sea-gulf on the northcoast of Africa with sandy shores and dangerous breakers (Hdt. etc.) as "the pulling one" (cf. v. Wilamowitz on Tim. Pers. 99); metaph. `destruction' (Tim. Pers. 99, H.). 7. σύρσις f. ( διά- σύρω) `the drawing of a plough' (late). -- With φ -enlargement: 8. σύρφη φρύγανα H. 9. συρφ-ετός m. `sweepings, filth' (Hes., Call., Plu. a.o.), `rabble' (Pl. a.o.) with - ετώδης `vulgar' (Plb., Luc. a.o.); cf. νιφετός a.o. (Chantraine Form. 300, Schwyzer 501). 10. -ᾱξ m. `rabble' (Ar. V. 673 [anap.], Luc.), popular-hypocoristic formation. -- On σύρφος s. σέρφος. Cf. ἀσυρής.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Prob. to σαίρω `sweep' (s. v. w. lit.), but without certain cognates outside Greek. With σύρφ-η, - ετός, - αξ one compares a Germ. word for `sweep, turn (sweep turning), wipe off' in Goth. af-, bi-swairban ' εξαλεῖψαι, ἐκμάξαι', OHG swerban `drive quickly to and fro, whirl, wipe off' etc., to which also Celt., e.g. Welsh chwerfu `whirl, turn around' (Persson Stud. 55, WP. 2, 529f., Pok. 1050f. w. lit.). The semant. certainly possible connection presents the same phonetic problem as σέλας, σῦς etc. (s. vv.). In auslaut agrees σύρφη, prob. not accidentally, to the synonymous κάρφη; so formally influenced by it? An old variation bh: m in σύρ-φη: συρ-μός (Specht Ursprung 269) does not help; but it would show Pre-Greek origin -- The connection with σαίρω, both from *tu̯r̥- is hardly convincing.Page in Frisk: 2,823-824Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σύρω
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7 σῖτος
Grammatical information: m.Other forms: pl. σῖτα n.Dialectal forms: Myc. sito.Compounds: Numerous compp., e.g. σιτ-αγωγός `conveying corn' (Hdt., Th. a.o.; Chantraine Études 91); σιτ-ηρέσιον n. `provision of grain, (money for) victualling, pay' (X., D., hell. a. late), prob. with suppression of the intermediate member for - σιτ-ὑπ-ηρέσιον to τὸν σῖτον ( τὰ σιτία) ὑπηρετεῖν (slightly diff. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 190); σύσ-σιτος m. `table companion, messmate' (Thgn. etc.) with συσσίτ-ια pl., - ία, - ικός, - έω, - ησις.Derivatives: Many derivv.: subst. 1. σιτία pl. (rare - ίον sg.) n. `bread, fare, provision', also `corn' (IA. prose, com.); 2. dimin. σιτ-άριον n. `corn, bread' (Hp., pap.); 3. - ανίας ( πυρός) m. `kind of wheat' (Thphr.; beside κριθανίας [s. κριθή]; coubted by Kroll AmJPh. 60, 107); 4. - ώματα pl. `provision' (pap. IIp; - ώματα enlarged Chantraine Form. 186f.); 5. - ών, - ῶνος m. `granary, cornfield' (Roussel Mél. Navarre 375 ff.; Plu. a. o.); 6. -ώ f. surn. of Demeter (hell. a. late). Adj. 7. σιτ-ηρός (Hp., Arist. etc.); 8. - ικός (hell. a. late); 9. - ινος (late) `concerning the corn'; 10. - αῖα pl. n. `corn interest' (Olymos); 11. - ώδης `cornlike', τὰ σιτώδη `corn' (Thphr. etc.). Verbs 12. σιτ-έομαι, also w. κατα- a. o., `to feed' (ω 209 [ σιτέσκοντο]) with - ησις f. `(public) maintenance' (IA.); 13. - εύω, - εύομαι `to feed, to supply' (Hdt., hell. a. late) with - ευτός (X. etc.), - ευσις, - εύσιμος, - ευτής, - εία (hell. a. late); 14. - ίζω, - ίζομαι, often w. ἐπι-, `id.' with ἐπι- σῖτος ισμός `victualling' (X., D. etc.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As opposed to πυρός and κριθή without convincing etymology. Often as LW [loanword] from an other IE language explained: 1. to Slav., e.g. Russ. žíto `corn', OPr. geits `bread' (Wiedemann BB 27, 213 n.); 2. to the Germ. word for `wheat', Goth. hvaiteis etc., i.e. from a northerly satemlanguage (G. Meyer Alban. Stud. 3, 51 n. 2). Diff. Hubschmid Sardische Stud. (Bern 1953) 104: like ἄρτος substratum word, to Basque zitu `corn, harvest'; Schott Festschr. Hirt 2, 47 (with Hemmel in Lewy Fremdw. 81 A.): to Sumer. zid `flour'; Maccarrone Arch. glottol. it. 31, 103ff.: from Egypt. sw.t `corn' (orig. Semit.). -- Not to ψίω `grind, masticate', ψίξ `crumb' (Prellwitz, Fick BB 28, 108).Page in Frisk: 2,711-712Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σῖτος
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8 σκάπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to dig, to dig out, to work the earth', κατα- σκάπτω `to inter, to bury', usu. `to demolish, to raze to the ground, to destroy' (h. Merc., Pi.).Other forms: Aor. σκάψαι (IA.), fut. σκάψω, perf. ἔσκαφα, midd. ἔσκαμμαι (Att.), aor. pass. σκαφ-ῆναι (E., hell.), fut. - ήσομαι (J. a. o.),Compounds: Often w. prefix, esp. κατα-.Derivatives: Several derivv. (on the forms with φ cf. bel.): 1. σκάφη f. `winnow, bowl, trough, dish', also `ship' (IA.); σκάφος n. `hull of a ship', poet. also `ship' (IA.), rarely (as nom. act.) `the digging' (Hes. Op. 572, Gp.). 2. Diminut.: σκαφ-ίς, - ίδος f. `cup' (ι 223, Hp., Ar. a. o.), also `barge' and `spade' (hell. a. late); - ίον n. `bowl, cup' (com., hell. a. late), also as des. of a hair-dress (Ar., on the development of the meaning Solmsen Wortforsch. 203 ff. [disputable]), `barge' (Str., Hld.); - ίδιον n. `winnow, ship' (hell. a. late). 3. σκαφ-ίτης m. approx. `boatman' (Anon. ap. Demetr., Str.; Redard 44f.). 4. σκαφή f. `the digging' (hell. pap. a.o., Hdn. Gr. 1, 345), also `grave' (Bithynia; or σκάφη ?); often prefixcompp., esp. κατασκαφ-ή, often pl. - αί `tomb, demolition, destruction' (trag., also Att. prose); adj. κατασκαφ-ής `butied' (S.). 5. σκαφ-ιά f. `ditch, grave' (Halaesa Ia). 6. σκαφ-εύς m. `digger' (E., Archipp., hell. a. late; rather directly from σκάπτω than with Bosshardt 40 from σκαφή), also (from σκάφη) `dish, σκαφηφόρος' ( Com. Adesp.); from σκάφη also σκαφ-εύω `to empty in a trough' (Ctes., Plu.) with - ευσις (Eun.); besides - ευσις, - εία f. `the digging' (Suid.), - εῖον n. `shovel', also `bowl, cup' (= - ίον; youngatt. hell.) with - είδιον (Hdn. Epim.), - ευτής = fossor (Gloss.). 7. σκαφ-ητός m. `the digging' (Thphr., hell. a. late inscr. a. o.; after ἀλοητός a. o.), - ητροι pl. `id.' (pap. Ip); WestGr. (Delphi, Trozen a. o.) σκάπετος m. (Megara - πεδος; after δάπεδον, πέδον Solmsen Wortforsch. 196; not with Schwyzer 498 n. 13 "phonetical byform (play-)") `grave, tomb'; besides κάπετος `id.' (Il., Hp.), also `spade' (Gortyn)?, uncertain σκαπέτωσις `the digging' (Trozen). 8. σκαφαλος ἀντλητήρ H. (like πάσσαλος a.o.); λ-suffix also in σκαφλεύς = σκαφεύς (Athens IVa)?; Kumanudis Rev. de phil. 87, 99f. 9. σκαπ-άνη f. `shovel, spade' (Theoc., AP a. o.), also `excavation' (Thphr.), with - ανήτης m. `digger' (Zonar)., - ανεύς m. `id.' (Lyc., Phld., Str. a. o.; Bosshardt 68), - ανεύω `to dig up' (inscr. Magnesia [Epist. Darei], Phld. Rh.). 10. σκάμμα n. `the digging, ditch, place dug up' (Pl. Lg., hell. a. late). 11. περίσκαψις f. `the digging up' (pap. VIp, Gp.). 12. σκαπτήρ, - ῆρος m. `digger' (Margites, X. ap. Poll.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 107; 2, 55, Benveniste Noms d'agent 39), f. - τειρα (AP). 13. PN Σκαπτη ὕλη (Thrace; Hdt. a. o.) with Σκαπτησυλικός (Att. inscr.), - ίτης m. (St. Byz.); on the formaytion Schwyzer 452.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur. substr.XEtymology: As common basis of the above forms, which show an analogically levelled system, can serve both σκαπ- (with analog. σκαφ- after θάπτω: τάφος, ταφῆναι a. o.) and σκαφ- (with partly phonetical partly anal. σκαπ-). In the first case Italic gives the nearest connection in the relik Lat. scapulae, Umbr. scapla (acc. sg.) `shoulder(blade)', if prop. `shovel' as primary nom. agentis (cf. σκάφαλος above). In the latter case σκάπτω agrees formally to a widespread word for `plane, scratch etc.' in Lat. scăbō, Germ., e.g. OHG scaban, Lith. skabiù ( = σκάπτω; beside this skobiù, skõbti) `scoop out with the chisel, scraper v.t.', to which also Slav., e.g. Russ. skóbelь `plane-iron' etc. (s. W.-Hofmann, Fraenkel and Vasmer s. vv. w. lit.). Also σκάφη, σκάφος a. o. fit better with `plane, scoop out' than with `dig' (Solmsen Wortforsch. 196 ff. w. extensive treatment), without possibility to draw a clear limit. -- If one removes the s- as "movable" and assumes a vocalic variation ē̆: ō̆: ā̆, the etymological field becomes very large. If one goes even a step further and beside ( s)ke \/ o \/ a + p \/ bh- also accepyts a variant skē̆ip \/ b-, and considers that not only the above final consonants, but classifies also the varying vowels as formants or enlargements, we arrive at the `ideal' root sek- `cut etc.' (from which then also come sk-er- and sk-el-). Nobody believes, that such a "systematic" cutting up gives a right pisture of the linguistic processes. Old connections with κόπτω, perh. also with σκέπαρνος (s. vv. w. lit.; to this further still NPers. kāfađ `dig, split') a. cogn. with all kinds of crosses and deviations (!) may be possible, but cannot be demonstrated in detail. -- S. still σκήπτω and σκίπων. -- Frisk's discussion of σκάπτω is hopelessly dated; it refers clearly to Pok. 930 ff.; e.g. we now know that PIE did not have an ablaut e\/a; so the words with -e- must be omitted. I would strike the comparison with Lat. scapula (both for form and meaning). Also Lith. skobiù, skõbti, as Greek has no form with long ā. I think that the forms ( σ)κάπετος (s.v.) may be Pre-Greek, and so the other forms with σκαπ-; as also σκάφαλος and the strange σκαφλεύς. The other forms seem based on * skabh-, as in Lat. scabō and Germ., e.g. OHG scaban. I suggest that this form is a loan of a Eur. substratum.Page in Frisk: 2,718-720Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκάπτω
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9 σκέπτομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to look around, to look back, to spy, to contemplate, to consider, to survey' (Il; Att. has fo it σκοπέω, - έομαι; s. below)Other forms: Aor. σκέψασθαι (Od.), fut. σκέψομαι, perf. ἔσκεμμαι (IA.), aor. pass. σκεφθῆναι (Hp.), σκεπ-ῆναι w. fut. - ήσομαι (LXX).Derivatives: A. With ε-vowel: 1. σκέψις ( ἐπί-, κατά- σκέπτομαι a.o.) `contemplation, deliberation, examination' (IA.). 2. σκέμ-μα (rarely w. δια- a. o.) `examination, problem' (Hp., Pl. a. o.). 3. σκεπτ-οσύνη f. = σκέψις (Timo, Cerc.). 4. - ήριον n. `test' (Man.). 5. - ικός ( ἐπι-, δια- σκέπτομαι) `cogitating, revising', οἱ σκέπτομαι name of a philos. sect (hell. a. late). B. With ο-ablaut: 1. σκοπός m. (f.) `spy, guard, scout; goal, purpose' (Il.) with hypostases: ἐπί-σκοπος, adv. -α `hitting the goal' (Hdt., trag., late), ἀπό-σκοπος `missing the goal' (Emp.); σκόπ-ιμος `purposive, appropriate' (late; Arbenz 97); as 2. member, e.g. οἰωνο-σκόπος m. `bird-watcher' with - έω, - ία, - ικός, - εῖον (E., hell. a. late). 2. To the prefixcompp.: ἐπί-, κατά-, πρό-σκοπος m. `spy, supervisor, foresighted etc.' (Hom., Pi., IA.). 3. σκοπή ( κατα-, ἐπι- a. o.) f., the spying, watch-tower' (Att. etc.) with σκοπάω (Ar. Fr. 854). 4. σκοπιά, Ion. - ιή f. `mountain-, castle-watching-place, mountain-summit, watch-tower' (ep. Ion. poet. Il., also hell. a. late prose; favoured by the metre, Scheller Oxytonierung 82 f.) with σκοπ-ιήτης m. `summit dweller' = Πάν (Paus.), - ιάζω ( ἀπο-) `to spy, to look out' (ep. Il.), - ιάομαι `to percieve' (Il.; only w. δια-). 5. σκοπέω, - έομαι iterat.-intensive to σκέπτομαι (Pi., IA.), non-pres. forms late: σκοπ-ῆσαι, - ήσασθαι, - ήσω, - ήσομαι, ἐσκόπημαι. 6. σκοπεύω ( κατα-, ἀπο-, ἐπι-), prob. second. for σκοπέω (Schwyzer 732; X., LXX, pap. etc.) with σκόπ-ευσις, - ευτής (Aq.), - εῖα n. pl. (Procl.). -- S. also σκόπελος and σκώψ.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [984] *speḱ- `see sharply, spy'Etymology: As old yot-present σκέπτομαι stands with metathesis (Schwyzer 268) for *σπέκ-ι̯ομαι, which is identical with Lat. speciō, Av. spasyeiti and (except for anl. s-) with Skt. páśyati `see'. The aor. σκέψασθαι too can in the same way be identified with Lat. spexī ; in both cases we have however to do with innovations against the suppletive Skt. ádarśam, 3. pl. ádr̥śan (s. δέρκομαι). Through the iterative-intensive σκοπέω, - έομαι a new opposition was created in Greek to σκέψασθαι etc. in the same way as Skt. pásyati: ádarśam, ὁράω: εἶδον. -- Semant. and phonetic identity is also found in σκοπός and Skt. spaśa- `spy', which is enlarged from spaś- (s. below; Wackernagel-Debrunner II: 2, 90); to this further OWNo. spār `predicting' from PGm. * spaha- (IE *spóḱo-). Thus σκοπή agrees, but for the accent, with OWNo. spā f. `prophesy' from PGm. * spahō (IE *spóḱā). Greek does not have the old root noun Skt. spaś-, Av. spas- `spy', Lat. haru-spex a. o., from which σκέπτομαι etc. prob. arose as denominative. -- Further details w. lit. in WP. 2, 659f., Pok. 984, W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. speciō. NGr. forms in Caratzas Glotta 33, 322 ff.Page in Frisk: 2,725-726Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκέπτομαι
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10 σχολή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `rest, leisure' (Pi., ion. Att.), `(learned) conversation, lecture' (Pl., Arist. etc.), `place of lecture, auditorium, school' (Arist. etc.).Compounds: As 2. member a.o. in ἄ-σχολος `without leisure, busy' with ἀσχολ-ία f. `business' (Pi., IA.), - έω, - έομαι (Arist. etc.), - ημα (Str. a.o.), - ηματικός (Vett. Val.). On σχολή and ἀσχολία in Arist. s. Fr. Solmsen RhM 107, 193ff.Derivatives: 1. σχολ-αῖος `leisurely, slow' (IA.) with - αιότης f. (Th. a.o.). 2. - ικός `reserved for a lecture, belonging to school' (D. H., D. Chr. etc.). 3. - ερός `leisurely' (late). 4. - ιον n. `explanation, comment, scholion' (hell. a. late) with - ύδριον, - ιάζω, - ιαστής (Tz., Eust.). 5. - εῖον n. `school' (Arr.), also `resting-place' = `grave' ? (Anatol. inscr.). 6. - άζω, also w. ἀπο-, συν- a.o., `to have leasure' (Att.), `to have leisure for something, to be busy with something' (X., D. etc.), `to give a lecture' (hell. a. late) with - αστής m. `living in leisure, leisurely' ( Com. Adesp., LXX, Plu.), συ-σχολή `fellow-student' (hell. a. late), - αστικός `leisurely' (Arist. etc.), `dedicated to study, scholar, esp.`armchair scholar' (hell. a. late), `public adviser' (late pap.).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Prop. "holding back, hold in"; from aor. σχ-εῖν (s. ἔχω) wit λ-sufflx, where the thematic vowel followed the frequent verbal nouns with -o- in the root ( βολή, στολή, γονή etc. etc.). Cf. ἀσχαλάω.Page in Frisk: 2,841Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σχολή
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11 αφυστερήσει
ἀφυστερέωcome too late: aor subj act 3rd sg (epic)ἀφυστερέωcome too late: fut ind mid 2nd sgἀφυστερέωcome too late: fut ind act 3rd sgἀ̱φυστερήσει, ἀφυστερέωcome too late: futperf ind mp 2nd sg (doric aeolic)ἀ̱φυστερήσει, ἀφυστερέωcome too late: futperf ind act 3rd sg (doric aeolic) -
12 ἀφυστερήσει
ἀφυστερέωcome too late: aor subj act 3rd sg (epic)ἀφυστερέωcome too late: fut ind mid 2nd sgἀφυστερέωcome too late: fut ind act 3rd sgἀ̱φυστερήσει, ἀφυστερέωcome too late: futperf ind mp 2nd sg (doric aeolic)ἀ̱φυστερήσει, ἀφυστερέωcome too late: futperf ind act 3rd sg (doric aeolic) -
13 ὑστερέω
A , al.: [tense] aor. ὑστέρησα (freq. with v.l. ὑστέρισα) Hdt.1.70, etc.: [tense] pf.ὑστέρηκα D.S.15.47
, Ep.Hebr.4.1: [tense] plpf.ὑστερήκειν Th.3.31
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor.ὑστερήθην 2 Ep.Cor.11.9
, J.AJ15.6.7: ([etym.] ὕστερος):— to be behind or later, come late, opp. προτερέω orφθάνω, ὑστέρησαν οἱ ἄγοντες Hdt.1.70
, cf. E.Ph. 976, X.HG 5.1.3, Pl.Grg. 447a: c. dat. modi,ὑ. τῇ διώξει Th.1.134
;τῇ βοηθείᾳ D.59.3
: simply, occur later, of thunder after lightning, Epicur.Ep.2p.46U.II c. gen. rei, come later than, come too late for, ὑστέρησαν (v.l. ὑστέρισαν) ἡμέρῃ μιῇ τῆς συγκειμένης came one day after the appointed day, Hdt.6.89; ὑ. τῆς μάχης ἡμέραις (sic leg. cum cod.C1, pro - ρας) πέντε came too late for the battle by five days, X.An.1.7.12;ὑστερήσαντες οὐ πολλῷ Th.8.44
;ὑ. δείπνου Amphis 39
; ἐπειδὴ τῆς Μυτιλήνης ὑστερήκει had come too late to save M., Th.3.31; ὑ. τῆς πατρίδος fail to assist it, X.Ages.2.1; τῶν λέμβων ὑ. miss them, Plb.5.101.4;τῶν καιρῶν Arist.SE 175a26
;τῆς ἐργασίας PCair.Zen. 25.12
(iii B. C.);ταύτης [τῆς ὥρας] Gal.7.362
;τῆς βοηθείας D.S. 13.110
.2 c. gen. pers., come after him,ὑ. εἰς Ἁλίαρτον τοῦ Λυσάνδρου X.HG3.5.25
: also c. dat., come too late for him, Th.7.29.3ὑ. ἔς τι Hp.Epid.6.7.3
.III metaph., lag behind, be inferior to,τῶν.. ἀποστόλων 2 Ep.Cor.11.5
;ἐμπειρίᾳ ὑ. τῶν ἄλλων Pl.R. 539e
; μηδ' ἐν ἄλλῳ μηδενὶ μέρει ἀρετῆς ὑ. ib. 484d;ἵνα γνῶ τί ὑστερῶ ἐγώ LXXPs.38(39).5
.IV fail to obtain, lack,τἀγαθοῦ Clearch.Com.3.5
;τοῦ δικαίου PEnteux.86.11
(iii B. C.);ξύλων ἀκανθίνων οὐχ ὑστεροῦσι, ἀλλ' ἢ ἔχουσιν ἱκανά PCair.Zen. 270.5
(iii B. C.):—[voice] Med. (with [tense] aor. [voice] Pass.),ὑστερεῖσθαί τινος D.S.18.71
, Ep.Rom.3.23, J.AJ15.6.7, PMasp. 2 iii 14 (vi A. D.); ὑστερηθεὶς τῆς ὁράσεως having lost his sight, PLond.5.1708.85 (vi A. D.);δάνιον δανιεῖς αὐτῷ ὅσον ἂν ἐπιδέηται καὶ καθ' ὅσον ὑστερεῖται LXX De.15.8
(cod. A); in [tense] fut. [voice] Med., παιδὸς ὑστερήσομαι ( ἐστερήσομαι corr. Reiske) E.IA 1203.2 abs., fail, come to grief, Phld.Oec.p.50 J.; fall short of supplies,ἵνα μηθὲν ὑστερῇ τὰ ἐλαιούργια PHib.1.43.6
(iii B. C.):—[voice] Med., to be in want, Ev.Luc. 15.14, 1 Ep.Cor.8.8; [tense] pf. part. ὑστερημένοι those who have failed, Phld.Herc.1457.9.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑστερέω
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14 σμάω
σμάω, σμάομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to rub (off), to wipe off', midd. also `to rub oneself in, to anoint'.Other forms: (σμᾳ̃, σμᾶται Hdt. a. late; σμῃ̃, σμῆται Att. com.; σμῆν Luc.), aor. σμῆσαι, - ήσασθαι (mostly Ion. hell. a. late), Dor. ptc. σμασαμένα (Call.), perf. midd. ptc. προ-εζμησμένος (pap. IIp),Derivatives: σμῆμα, Dor. (Theoc.) σμᾱ̃μα n. `cleanser, soap, ointment' (Ar. Fr. 17, hell. a. late). -- With velar enlargement (Schwyzer 702 w. n. 5 a. lit., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 330): A. σμήχω, - ομαι (since ζ 226), aor. σμῆξαι, - ασθαι (Hp., hell. a. late), pass. σμηχθῆναι (Ar.), perf. midd. ptc. ἐσμηγμένος (Dsc.), also with ἀπο-, δια- a.o., `id.'. From this 1. νεό-σμηκ-τος `newly polished' (Ν 342 a.o.). 2. σμῆγμα = σμῆμα, with - ματώδης (Hp., late). 3. σμῆξις ( ἀπό-) f. `the rubbing off, cleaning' (Str., Dsc. a. o.). 4. σμήκ-της m. `one who rubs off' (gloss.); - τρίς f. `kind of fullers earth' (Hp., com.), - τικός `cleaning' (medic.). -- B. σμώχω, σμῶξαι `to bray, to grind' (Ar., Nik.), after σώχω, ψώχω (?).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Unexplained. Following Persson, Stud. 11, 65, 155f. a. elsewhere Bq and WP. 2, 685, Pok. 966 (where further forms a. lit.) assuming a IE longdiphthong smēi- (resp. an interchange sm-ē-: sm-ei-) adduce a Germ. word group with the meaning `stroke, besmear', also `strike etc.' with representatives in Goth. bi-, ga-smeitan, OHG smīzan etc.; neither phonetically nor semant. quite satisfactory; to this Lat. macula f. `stain, blot' (from * smǝ-tlā ?; W.-Hofmann s. v. with reservation).-- S. also σμῶδιξ and σμώνη. -- If the word were IE it would require * smeh₂-, smoh₂-.Page in Frisk: 2,748Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σμάω
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15 σμάομαι
σμάω, σμάομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to rub (off), to wipe off', midd. also `to rub oneself in, to anoint'.Other forms: (σμᾳ̃, σμᾶται Hdt. a. late; σμῃ̃, σμῆται Att. com.; σμῆν Luc.), aor. σμῆσαι, - ήσασθαι (mostly Ion. hell. a. late), Dor. ptc. σμασαμένα (Call.), perf. midd. ptc. προ-εζμησμένος (pap. IIp),Derivatives: σμῆμα, Dor. (Theoc.) σμᾱ̃μα n. `cleanser, soap, ointment' (Ar. Fr. 17, hell. a. late). -- With velar enlargement (Schwyzer 702 w. n. 5 a. lit., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 330): A. σμήχω, - ομαι (since ζ 226), aor. σμῆξαι, - ασθαι (Hp., hell. a. late), pass. σμηχθῆναι (Ar.), perf. midd. ptc. ἐσμηγμένος (Dsc.), also with ἀπο-, δια- a.o., `id.'. From this 1. νεό-σμηκ-τος `newly polished' (Ν 342 a.o.). 2. σμῆγμα = σμῆμα, with - ματώδης (Hp., late). 3. σμῆξις ( ἀπό-) f. `the rubbing off, cleaning' (Str., Dsc. a. o.). 4. σμήκ-της m. `one who rubs off' (gloss.); - τρίς f. `kind of fullers earth' (Hp., com.), - τικός `cleaning' (medic.). -- B. σμώχω, σμῶξαι `to bray, to grind' (Ar., Nik.), after σώχω, ψώχω (?).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Unexplained. Following Persson, Stud. 11, 65, 155f. a. elsewhere Bq and WP. 2, 685, Pok. 966 (where further forms a. lit.) assuming a IE longdiphthong smēi- (resp. an interchange sm-ē-: sm-ei-) adduce a Germ. word group with the meaning `stroke, besmear', also `strike etc.' with representatives in Goth. bi-, ga-smeitan, OHG smīzan etc.; neither phonetically nor semant. quite satisfactory; to this Lat. macula f. `stain, blot' (from * smǝ-tlā ?; W.-Hofmann s. v. with reservation).-- S. also σμῶδιξ and σμώνη. -- If the word were IE it would require * smeh₂-, smoh₂-.Page in Frisk: 2,748Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σμάομαι
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16 στάζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to let drip (in), to shed', intr. `to drip' (posthom.).Other forms: Aor. στάξαι (Il.), fut. στάξω (Pi. etc.), aor. pass. σταχθῆναι (Hp.), σταγῆναι (Dsc.), perf. pass. ἔστακται (Od.).Derivatives: 1. σταγ-ών, - όνος f. `drop' (trag., Hp., middl. com., hell. a. late) with - ονίας, - ονῖτις, - ονιαῖος (late); also στάγ-ες pl. (A. R. 4, 626); prob. backformation, cf. below. 2. - ετός m. `id.' (Aq.; like ὑετός a.o.). 3. - μα ( ἐπί- στάζω) n. `the dripping, the drop, aromatic oil' (A., Gal., pap. a. o.), ἐπι-, κατα-σταγμός m. `the nose-dripping, sniffing' (late medic.). 4. στάξις ( ἀπό-κατά- στάζω) f. `the dripping', esp. of blood from the nose (Hp., Gal.). 5. στακτός `dripping' (IA.), - τή f. `myrrh-oil' (Antiph., Plb. a.o.), - τά n. pl. `resins' (medic.); ἔνστακτον n. `the dripping in' (Gal.); στα\<κ\> τικόν πεμμάτιον πλακουντοειδές. ἄλλοι δε ἀγγεῖα διυλίζοντα Νειλῶον ὕδωρ H. 6. ἐπι-στάκτης m. `woolen thread for oil-dripping' (late medic.); στακτερία (leg. - τηρία) f. `bottle for myrrh-oil' (pap. VI -- VIIp). 7. στάγ-δην `drop by drop' (Hp., Aret.). 8. Στάζουσα f. source in Sicyon (Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 2, 230).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The present στάζω can stand for *σταγ-ι̯ω and thus be a denominative of στάγ-ες. As however the relatively late ἅπ. λεγ. στάγ-ες is prob. a backformation from σταγ-όνες (Schwyzer 424) and the last relates to στάζω as τρυγών to primary τρύζω, στάζω too might be primary; to these came the other forms. -- The Latin and Celtic words compared give no indication for the prehistory of στάζω. Lat. stāgnum `through inundation arosen artificial water, sea, pool, pond' and OBret. staer `river, brook' (from * stag-rā) are rather far away because of the deviant meaning; semant. better connectable, but phonetically unclear is Welsh taen `conspersio' (IE * stagnā ?). WP. 2, 612, Pok. 1010, W.-Hofmann s. 1. stāgnum w. lit. Older lit. also in Bq.Page in Frisk: 2,774Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στάζω
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17 στάθμη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `directive, carpenter's line, finish-line, -cord, plumbline, rule, norm' (O 410).Derivatives: 1. σταθμ-άομαι (Ion. - έομαι), - άω, also m. δια-, ἐπι-, ἀντι-, `to measure (by the directive), to estimate, to gauge, to weigh' (Pi., IA.) with - ημα, - ησις, - ητικός (late). 2. - ίζω, also m. δια-, `id.' (Aq., Sm.). -- σταθμός m. `location, stable, farmstead, night lodgings, travel stage, day's march; pillar, post, jamb; balance, weight, heaviness' (Il.); pl. also - μά n. (after τάλαντα, ζυγά), to which sg. - όν `weight, balance' (IA.), poet. also `homestead, farmstead; jamb etc.' (trag. a.o.; Egli Heteroklisie 40f.). Compp., a.g. σταθμ-οῦχος m. `owner of goods etc.' (A. Fr. 226 = 376 M., Antiph., pap. a.o.), ἐπί-σταθμος m. `quartermaster' (Isoc.), `military quartered on another' (pap.; Mayser I: 3, 175); ναύ-σταθμον n. (Th.), second. - ος m. (Plb., D.S., Plu.) `anchorage, fleet-station, fleet'; prop. subst. adj. like βού-σταθμον (cf. on βούτυρον). From this 1. σταθμ-ίον n. `balance, weight' (hell. a. late); 2. - ικός `belonging to weighing' (Gal.); 3. - ώδης `rich in sediment' (Hp.; cf. ὑποστάθμη); 4. - ίζω, also w. δια-, συν- a. o. `to weigh' with - ισις f. `the weighing', - ιστής m. `weigher', - ιστί `by weight', - ιστικός `for weighing' (late); 5. - εύω, also w. κατα-, ἐπι-, `take up or have quarters etc.' with - εία f. (late).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Details on the meaning of στάθμη and σταθμός Jüthner Έπιτύμβιον Swoboda 107ff., Havers Glotta 25, 101ff., Holt Glotta 27, 194, Kieckers IF 38, 209f. On στάθμη: σταθμός cf. δέσμη: δεσμός and other word-pairs in Porzig Satzinhalte 283 f.; formation as βα-θμός, Arc. etc. θε-θμός (s. θεσμός), ῥυ-θμός etc. A θ appears also in εὑ-σταθής `standing firm, quiet' (Ion. hell. a. late since Il.), which has prob. been built on the aor. ἐστάθην (Risch 75). The synonymous and later attested σταθερός (A. Fr. 276 = 479 M. etc.) may have been built after the pattern of ἀ-φαν-ής: φαν-ερός a. o. Cf. Schwyzer 492 n. 12, 513 and Benveniste Origines 193 a. 200f. -- Further s. ἵστημι.Page in Frisk: 2,775Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στάθμη
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18 στείβω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to tread (on something), to densify by treading, to trod, to trample' (ep. poet. since Λ 534 a. Υ 499).Other forms: only presentst. except aor. κατ-έστειψας (S. OC 467; not quite certain), vbaladj. στιπτός (v. l. - ει-) `trodden solid, solid, hard'(S., Ar.), ἄ- στείβω `untrodden' (S.; also OGI 606?).Derivatives: στοιβή f. `stuffing, cushion, bulge etc.'; often as plantname `Poterium spinosum', of which the leaves were used to fill up (Hp., Ar., Arist., Epid. [IVa] etc.), with στοιβ-ίον `id.' (Dawkins JournofHellStud. 56, 10), - άς = στιβάς, - ηδόν `crammed in' (Arist.-comm.), - άζω, rarely w. δια- a.o., `to fill, to stuff' (Hdt., LXX a.o.), from which - αστός, - αστής, - ασις, - άσιμος, - ασία (hell. a. late). -- Besides zero grade nouns: A. στίβος m. `(trodden) road, path, footstep, trail' (ep. Ion. poet. since h. Merc.; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 318), `fuller's workshop' (pap. IIIa). From this 1. στιβάς, - άδος f. `bed of straw, reed or leaves, mattress, bed, grave' (IA.) with - άδιον n. `id'. (hell. a. late), - αδεύω `to use like straw' (Dsc.). 2. στιβεύς m. `hound' (Opp.), `fuller' (pap.), = ὁδευτής (H.), - εύω `to track' (D. S., Plu., H.), = πορεύεσθαι (H.) with - εία f. `the tracking etc.' (D. S. a.o.), - εῖον n. `fuller's workshop' (pap.), - ευτής m. `hound' (Sostrat. ap. Stob.); also - ίη = - εία (Opp.; metr. cond.). 3. στιβική f. `fuller's tax' (pap. IIIa). 4. στιβάζω `to enter, to track etc.' with - ασις f. (late). 5. ἐστίβηται `has been tracked' perf. pass. (S. Aj. 874; στιβέω or - άω?). 6. ἄ-στιβ-ος `unentered' (AP), usu. - ής `id.' (A., S., also X. a.o.; joined to the εσ-stems and connected with the verb), - ητος `id.' (Lyc. a.o.; cf. ἐστίβηται). 7. Στίβων name of a dog (X. Cyn.). -- B. στιβαρός `solid, compact, massive, strong' (ep. poet. Il., also hell. a. late prose); like βριαρός a.o.; Chantraine Form. 227, also Benveniste Origines 19; cf. also Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 49, - αρηδόν adv. `compact' (opposite σποράδην; late). -- C. With long vowel στί̄βη f. `ripe' (Od., Call.), - ήεις (Call.); on the meaning cf. πάγος, πάχνη to πήγνυμι.Etymology: From the Greek material the essential meaning appears to be the idea `tread (with the feet), make solid, fill up, press together' ( στοιβή, στιβάς, στι-βαρός), from where `tread' with `path, trace, track' ( στείβω, στίβος, στιβεύω). -- Exact agreements outside Greek for στείβω and related στίβος, στιβαρός are missing. Nearest comes Arm. stēp, gen. -oy `frequent, incessant, permanent' (adj. and adv.; on the meaning cf. πυκνός) with stip-em `press, urge', -aw, -ov `quick, diligent(ly)' from IE * stoibo- or * steibo-; so an exampel of the very rare IE b? Beside it with p the Lat. secondary formation stīpāre `press to gether, press, heap, fill up'; here also the Corinth. PN Στίπων (IG 4, 319)? -- To this can be connected in diff. languages on the one hand expressions for `fixed, stiff etc.': Germ., e.g. OE, MHG stīf `stiff, straight', Balt., e.g. Lith. stimpù, stìpti `become stiff or frozen', stiprùs `strong, steady'; on the other hand words for `bar, stalk, post etc.' in Lat. stīpes `pole, stem, bar', stipula `straw' and, with b (IE b as in στείβω), Lith., e.g. stíebas `mast(tree), pillar, stalk etc.', Slav., e.g. Russ. stébelь `stalk' etc. -- Further forms w. rich lit. in WP 2, 646ff., Pok. 1015f., W.-Hofmann s. stīpō, stips, stipula, Fraenkel and Vasmer s. vv. (Not hereVgl. στῖφος, στιφρός.)Page in Frisk: 2,781-782Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στείβω
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19 στείχω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to march in (in order), to march, to rise, to draw, to go' (ep. Ion. poet. Il., also Aeol. prose).Other forms: ( στίχω Hdt. 3, 14; coni. Dind. in S. Ant. 1129 ex H.), aor. 2. στιχεῖν (aor. 1. περί-στειξας δ 277).Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-, προσ-. As 2. element e.g. in μονό-στιχος `consisting of one verse' (Plu.), e.g. τρί-στοιχος `consisting of three rows' (μ 91), - εί adv. `in three rows' ( 473), μετα-στοιχεί meaning unclear (Ψ 358 a. 757); σύ-στοιχος `belonging to the same row, coordinated, corresponding' (Arist. etc.).Derivatives: From it, prob. as deverbative, but also related to στίχες (Leumann Hom. Wörter 185 f.), στιχάομαι, also w. περι-, συν-, `id.' in 3. pl. ipf. ἐστιχόωντο (Il., Theoc., Nonn.), pres. στιχόωνται (Orph.), act. στιχόωσι, ptc. n. pl. - όωντα (hell. a. late ep.); ὁμοστιχάει 3. sg. pres. `escorted' (Ο 635: *ὁμό-στιχος or for ὁμοῦ στ.?). -- Nouns. A. στίχ-ες pl., gen. sg. στιχ-ός f. `rank(s), file(s)', esp. of soldiers, `battle-array, line of battle' (ep. poet. Il.). -- B. στίχος m. `file, rank', of soldiers, trees, etc., often of words `line' in verse and prose (Att. etc.). στιχ-άς f. `id.' only in dat. pl. στιχάδεσσι ( Epigr.). Dim. - ίδιον (Plu.); - άριον `coat, tightly fitting garment' (pap.). Adj. - ινος, - ικός, - ήρης, - ηρός, adv. - ηδόν (late). Vb - ίζω `to arrange in rows' (LXX; v. l. στοιχ-) with - ιστής. - ισμός (Tz.), περι- στείχω = περιστοιχίζω (s.bel.; A.). -- C. στοῖχος m. `file or column of soldiers, choir members, ships etc., layer of building stones, row of trees, poles etc.' (IA.). From this στοιχ-άς f. `arranged in rows' ( ἐλᾶαι, Sol. ap. Poll. a.o.), - άδες ( νῆσοι) name of a group of islands near Massilia (A. R. a.o.); from this the plantname στοιχάς (Orph., Dsc.) after Strömberg 127 (with Dsc.), with - αδίτης οἶνος `wine spiced with s.' (Dsc.). Cultnames of Zeus resp. Athena: - αῖος (Thera), - αδεύς (Sikyon), - εία (Epid.) referring to the arrangement in phylai. Further adj. - ιαῖος `measuring one row' (Att. inscr.), - ικός (late); adv. - ηδόν (Arist. etc.), - ηδίς (Theognost.) `line by line'. Verbs: 1. στοιχ-έω (because of the meaning hardly deverbative with Schwyzer 720), also w. περι-, συν- a. o., `to form a row, to stand in file and rank, to match, to agree, to be content, to follow' (X., Att. inscr., Arist. hell. a. late); - ούντως `matching, consequent' (Galatia, Aug. time). 2. - ίζω, often w. περι-, also δια-, κατα-, `to arrange in a line, to order' (A. Pr. 484 a. 232, X. a.o.) with - ισμός (Poll.); περι- στείχω `to fence in all around with nets (net-poles), to ensnare' (D., Plb. etc.). -- D. στοιχεῖον, often pl. - εῖα n. `letters in freestanding, alphabetical form' (beside γράμματα `character, script'), also (arisen from this?) `lines, (systematic) dogmas, principles, (physical) element' (Pl., Arist. etc.), `heavenly bodies, elementary spirits, nature demons, magic means' (late a. Byz.); also `shadow-line' as time-measure (Att. com.; cf. σκιὰ ἀντίστοιχος E. Andr. 745) a.o.; prop. "object related to a row, entering a row, forming a part of a whole, member of a row" (on the formation cf. σημεῖον, μνημεῖον, ἐλεγεῖον a.o.); on the development of the meaning which is in many ways unclear Burkert Phil. 103, 167 ff. w. further extensive lit., esp. Diels Elementum (1899). Diff. Lagercrantz (s. Bq); to be rejected. - From it στοιχει-ώδης `belonging to the στοιχεῖα, elementary' (Arist. etc.), of barley `in several rows' as opposed to ἄ-στοιχος πυρός (Thphr.), so either = στοιχ-ώδης or miswritten for it. Denom. verb. στοιχει-όω `to introduce to the principles' (Chrysipp. a.o.), `to equip with magical powers, to charm' (Byz.; cf. Blum Eranos 44, 315ff.) with - ωσις, - ωμα, - ωτής, - ωτικός (Epicur., Phld. a.o.), - ωματικός (Ps.-Ptol.); cf. on this Mugler Dict. géom. 380 f.Etymology: Old inherited group with several representatives also in other idg. languages. The full grade thematic present στείχω agrees exactly to Germ. and Celtic forms, e.g. Goth. steigan ` steigen', OIr. tiagu `stride, go', IE *stéighō. Beside it Skt. has a zero grade nasal present stigh-no-ti `rise'; similar, inmeaning deviant, OCS po-stignǫ `get in, reach, hit' (length of the stemvowel secondary). A deviant meaning is also shown by the full grade yot-present Lit. steig-iù, inf. steĩg-ti `found, raise', also (obsolete) `hurry'; on this Fraenkel s. v. -- Further several nouns, esp. in Germ.: OHG steg m. ` Steg, small bridge', OWNo. stig n. `step' from PGm. * stiga-z, -n, IE * stigh-o-s (= στίχος), - o-m; OE stige -n. `going up, down' (i-stem from older rootnoun = στίχ-ες?). With oi-ablaut Alb. shtek `transit, entrance, road, hair-parting' (= στοῖχος), thus Goth. staiga, OHG steiga f. `mountain-path, road', Latv. staiga f. `course', cf. Lith. adv. staigà `suddenly' (would be Gr. *στοιχή) etc., s. WP. 2, 614 f., Pok. 1017 f., also W.-Hofmann s. vestīgium w. further forms a. lit.Page in Frisk: 2,783-785Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στείχω
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20 στῦλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `column, pillar, support' (Dor. Ion., trag., hell. a. late), also = Lat. stilus (late; cf. Sempoux Rev. belge de phil. 39, 736ff.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. στυλο-βάτης, Dor. -τᾱς m. `foot of a doric column', compound of στῦλος and βῆ-ναι with τᾱ-suffix (Dor. inscr., Pl. Com. a.o.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 34 a. 200f.), τετρά-στυλος `consisting of four columns', - ον n. `colonnade of four columns' (inscr. a. pap. Rom. empire a.o.).Derivatives: 1. Dimin.: στυλ-ίς f. (Att. inscr. a.o.), - ίσκος m. (Hp., hell. a. late), - ίδιον n. (Str.), - άριον n. (pap. IIIp). 2. - ίτης m. `standing on one column, stylite' (Suid.; Redard 27), f. - ίτισσα (Amasia; after Φοίνισσα, βασίλισσα a.o.). 3. Denom. verbs: - όω (also ὑπο-, δια-, ἀπο-) `to support with columns' (hell. a. late) with ( ὑπο-)στύλ-ωμα, - ωσις (hell. a. late); - ίζω meaning uncertain (Ostr.) with ὑποστυλ-ισμός `support' (pap. IIp).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Beside στῦ-λος stands in Indoiran. Av. stū̆-na- m., stu-nā f., Skt. sthū-ṇā f. (on ṇ Mayrhofer Mél. d'indianisme [Paris 1968] 509 f.) `pillar' with suffixal l-n-variation (Benveniste Origines 43); the basic verb is in Greek represented by στύω (s. v.). Here also with diff. ablaut σταυρός and στοά (s. vv.). Cf. further στύπος. -- The length of the vowel is rather difficult with the proposed etymology; I rather suspect that the word is of Pre-Greek originPage in Frisk: 2,813Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στῦλος
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