Wortforsch

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to dig, to dig out, to work the earth', κατα- σκάπτω `to inter, to bury', usu. `to demolish, to raze to the ground, to destroy' (h. Merc., Pi.).

Other forms: Aor. σκάψαι (IA.), fut. σκάψω, perf. ἔσκαφα, midd. ἔσκαμμαι (Att.), aor. pass. σκαφ-ῆναι (E., hell.), fut. - ήσομαι (J. a. o.),

Compounds: Often w. prefix, esp. κατα-.

Derivatives: Several derivv. (on the forms with φ cf. bel.): 1. σκάφη f. `winnow, bowl, trough, dish', also `ship' (IA.); σκάφος n. `hull of a ship', poet. also `ship' (IA.), rarely (as nom. act.) `the digging' (Hes. Op. 572, Gp.). 2. Diminut.: σκαφ-ίς, - ίδος f. `cup' (ι 223, Hp., Ar. a. o.), also `barge' and `spade' (hell. a. late); - ίον n. `bowl, cup' (com., hell. a. late), also as des. of a hair-dress (Ar., on the development of the meaning Solmsen Wortforsch. 203 ff. [disputable]), `barge' (Str., Hld.); - ίδιον n. `winnow, ship' (hell. a. late). 3. σκαφ-ίτης m. approx. `boatman' (Anon. ap. Demetr., Str.; Redard 44f.). 4. σκαφή f. `the digging' (hell. pap. a.o., Hdn. Gr. 1, 345), also `grave' (Bithynia; or σκάφη ?); often prefixcompp., esp. κατασκαφ-ή, often pl. - αί `tomb, demolition, destruction' (trag., also Att. prose); adj. κατασκαφ-ής `butied' (S.). 5. σκαφ-ιά f. `ditch, grave' (Halaesa I<sup>a</sup>). 6. σκαφ-εύς m. `digger' (E., Archipp., hell. a. late; rather directly from σκάπτω than with Bosshardt 40 from σκαφή), also (from σκάφη) `dish, σκαφηφόρος' ( Com. Adesp.); from σκάφη also σκαφ-εύω `to empty in a trough' (Ctes., Plu.) with - ευσις (Eun.); besides - ευσις, - εία f. `the digging' (Suid.), - εῖον n. `shovel', also `bowl, cup' (= - ίον; youngatt. hell.) with - είδιον (Hdn. Epim.), - ευτής = fossor (Gloss.). 7. σκαφ-ητός m. `the digging' (Thphr., hell. a. late inscr. a. o.; after ἀλοητός a. o.), - ητροι pl. `id.' (pap. I<sup>p</sup>); WestGr. (Delphi, Trozen a. o.) σκάπετος m. (Megara - πεδος; after δάπεδον, πέδον Solmsen Wortforsch. 196; not with Schwyzer 498 n. 13 "phonetical byform (play-)") `grave, tomb'; besides κάπετος `id.' (Il., Hp.), also `spade' (Gortyn)?, uncertain σκαπέτωσις `the digging' (Trozen). 8. σκαφαλος ἀντλητήρ H. (like πάσσαλος a.o.); λ-suffix also in σκαφλεύς = σκαφεύς (Athens IV<sup>a</sup>)?; Kumanudis Rev. de phil. 87, 99f. 9. σκαπ-άνη f. `shovel, spade' (Theoc., AP a. o.), also `excavation' (Thphr.), with - ανήτης m. `digger' (Zonar)., - ανεύς m. `id.' (Lyc., Phld., Str. a. o.; Bosshardt 68), - ανεύω `to dig up' (inscr. Magnesia [Epist. Darei], Phld. Rh.). 10. σκάμμα n. `the digging, ditch, place dug up' (Pl. Lg., hell. a. late). 11. περίσκαψις f. `the digging up' (pap. VI^p, Gp.). 12. σκαπτήρ, - ῆρος m. `digger' (Margites, X. ap. Poll.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 107; 2, 55, Benveniste Noms d'agent 39), f. - τειρα (AP). 13. PN Σκαπτη ὕλη (Thrace; Hdt. a. o.) with Σκαπτησυλικός (Att. inscr.), - ίτης m. (St. Byz.); on the formaytion Schwyzer 452.

Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur. substr.X

Etymology: As common basis of the above forms, which show an analogically levelled system, can serve both σκαπ- (with analog. σκαφ- after θάπτω: τάφος, ταφῆναι a. o.) and σκαφ- (with partly phonetical partly anal. σκαπ-). In the first case Italic gives the nearest connection in the relik Lat. scapulae, Umbr. scapla (acc. sg.) `shoulder(blade)', if prop. `shovel' as primary nom. agentis (cf. σκάφαλος above). In the latter case σκάπτω agrees formally to a widespread word for `plane, scratch etc.' in Lat. scăbō, Germ., e.g. OHG scaban, Lith. skabiù ( = σκάπτω; beside this skobiù, skõbti) `scoop out with the chisel, scraper v.t.', to which also Slav., e.g. Russ. skóbelь `plane-iron' etc. (s. W.-Hofmann, Fraenkel and Vasmer s. vv. w. lit.). Also σκάφη, σκάφος a. o. fit better with `plane, scoop out' than with `dig' (Solmsen Wortforsch. 196 ff. w. extensive treatment), without possibility to draw a clear limit. -- If one removes the s- as "movable" and assumes a vocalic variation ē̆: ō̆: ā̆, the etymological field becomes very large. If one goes even a step further and beside ( s)ke \/ o \/ a + p \/ bh- also accepyts a variant skē̆ip \/ b-, and considers that not only the above final consonants, but classifies also the varying vowels as formants or enlargements, we arrive at the `ideal' root sek- `cut etc.' (from which then also come sk-er- and sk-el-). Nobody believes, that such a "systematic" cutting up gives a right pisture of the linguistic processes. Old connections with κόπτω, perh. also with σκέπαρνος (s. vv. w. lit.; to this further still NPers. kāfađ `dig, split') a. cogn. with all kinds of crosses and deviations (!) may be possible, but cannot be demonstrated in detail. -- S. still σκήπτω and σκίπων. -- Frisk's discussion of σκάπτω is hopelessly dated; it refers clearly to Pok. 930 ff.; e.g. we now know that PIE did not have an ablaut e\/a; so the words with -e- must be omitted. I would strike the comparison with Lat. scapula (both for form and meaning). Also Lith. skobiù, skõbti, as Greek has no form with long ā. I think that the forms ( σ)κάπετος (s.v.) may be Pre-Greek, and so the other forms with σκαπ-; as also σκάφαλος and the strange σκαφλεύς. The other forms seem based on * skabh-, as in Lat. scabō and Germ., e.g. OHG scaban. I suggest that this form is a loan of a Eur. substratum.

Page in Frisk: 2,718-720

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `weak, tender, soft, mild' (P588, also Hp., Pl.).

Other forms: Aeol. μόλθακος (Alc.)

Derivatives: μαλθακία `weakness' (Pl. R. 590 b); μαλθακώδης `weakening' (Hp., Gal.), μαλθάκινος = μαλθακός (AP). Denomin. verbs: 1. μαλθάσσω = μαλάσσω (Hp., trag.) with μαλθακ-τήριον -τικός, - ξις (medic.). 2. μαλθακίζομαι `be, become weak' (A., E., Pl., Gal.). 3. μαλθακύνω = μαλακύνω (sch.). 4. Also μαλθάζω (Aret.), - αίνω (Stob.) = μαλθάσσω, both prob. through suffixchange and not to μάλθη, μάλθων (s. v.) with Debrunner IF 21, 20f. and Solmsen Wortforsch. 56 n.1. -- Not here μάλθη (s.v.) (Cratin. 204), `mix of wax and pitch'; from this μάλθη (?), μαλθώδης = μαλακτικὸς η κηρώδης (Hp. ap. Gal.); μάλθων m. `weakling' (Sokr. ap. Stob.); Μάλθιον womans name (Paros); μαλθώσω μαλακώσω H. Here also ἐπίμαλθα ἀγαθά, προσηνῆ. η μαλακά, η ἀσθενῆ λίαν H. must be a kind of derailment.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Formation like μαλακός; the two synonymous adj. may have influenced each other. If μαλακός belongs with βλά̄ξ, μαλθακός must be an innovation(?). In μάλθη (s.v.) Solmsen Wortforsch. 55 wants to see the fem. of an original adj. *μαλθός `weak', which would also have left traces in μάλθων (with μαλθακός from -n̥-ko-) etc.; this last seems an improbable construction. - Outside of Greek a possible cognate may be the Germ. word for `mild', e.g. OHG milti, Goth. unmildjai ' ἄστοργοι'; also Skt. márdhati `neglect', IE * meldh-; WP. 2, 289, Pok. 719. -- Cf. ἀμαλθύνω. - The word must be Pre-Greek, as μαλθ- cannot be explained from IE * meldʰ-; this is confirmed by the variant μόλθακος.

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Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `mind, courage, anger, strength, impulse' (Il.).

Compounds: Compp., e.g. δυσ-μενής `evilminded, hostile' (Il.) with δυσμέν-εια, - ίη, - αίνω a. o.; metr. enlarged δυσμενέων, - έοντες (Od.; Leumann Hom Wörter 116 n. 83); ἀ-μενής `forceless' (E.); here the PN Άμενέας, Άμενίσκος and (with unexplained - νν-) Άμεννάμενος? (Bechtel, Namenst. 6 f.); on ἀμενηνός s. v.; PN like Κλεο-μένης; as 1. member in μενο-εικής `suited to the desired, agreeable, richly' (Hom.).

Derivatives: To μένος belong two verbs with remarkable formation: 1. μενεαίνω, - ῆναι `desire strongly, rage' (Il.); prob. with analog. - αίνω from uncontracted μένε-ος etc. (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 54 n. 2 a. 2, 211, Schwyzer 440; cf. κτερε-ΐζω, μελε-ϊστί); diff. Solmsen Wortforsch. 51 n. 2, Chantraine Mél. Pedersen 205ff. (from *μενέ[σ]-ων; but δυσ-μενέων must be explained diff., s. above); cf. on βλεμεαίνω. --2. μενοινάω (- ώω), - ῆσαι `have in mind, aim at, wish, desire' (Il.) with μενοινή f. `intention, desire' (Call., A. R., AP; prob. backformation); origin unclear; quite uncertain hypothesis by Solmsen Wortforsch. 51 f. (from *μενώ f.; cf. Μενοίτης, - οίτιος, which however certainly belongs to οἶτος `fate'); not better Brugmann IF 29, 237f., 12, 152, Wiedemann BB 28, 51, Specht Ursprung 167.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [726] * men- `mind'

Etymology: As old verbal noun identical with Skt. mánas- n., Av. manah- n. `pirit, thought, will', IE *ménos n.; here OP Haxā-maniš m. PN prop. "who has the mind of a friend", `friendly minded' (Gr. Άχαιμένης; s. v.). Adj. δυσ-μενής = Av. duš-manah- `evilminded', Skt. dur-manas- `sorrowful'; εὑ-μενής: Skt. su-mánas- `wellminded'. But Lith. mẽnas m. `rememberance' is innovation to menù `remember' (cf. Fraenkel s. v.). -- A perfect of situation belonging here is μέμονα (s.v.), cf. γένος: γέγονα; with deviating meaning the present μαίνομαι (s. v.). On μένος: μαίνομαι cf. Z 100f. (of Achilleus): ἀλλ' ὅδε λίην | μαίνεται, οὑδέ τίς οἱ δύναται μένος ἰσοφαρίζειν (Porzig Satzinhalte 34). With diff. formation e.g. Lat. mēns, - tis f. `mind' = Skt. ma-tí- `id.' etc.; IE *mn̥-tí- f.; cf. gēns beside genus = γένος. Further s. μιμνήσκω; cf. also on μένω.

See also: Weiteres s. μιμνήσκω; vgl. auch zu μένω.

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to be set on edge' = `stumpfe Zähne habend' as caused by sour stuff (Hp.).

Derivatives: αἱμώδης

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: The second element will be from ὀδών `tooth' (Szemerényi Syncope 81); further unknown. - Solmsen Wortforsch. 25ff. connects the first part, *αἱ-μος, with Gm. * sai-ra- in Goth. sair, OHG sēr `pain', ON sār `wound'.

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Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `barley-groats' (h. Cer. 208), pl. ἄλφιτα (Il.), from which the sg. ἄλφιτον, in Hom. only in ἀλφίτου ἀκτή.

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [29] * h₂elbʰi

Etymology: One assumes a plural *ἄλφατα from an i-n-stem as in Skt. ásth-i, asth-n-ás `bone', on the basis of ἀλίφατα ἄλφιτα η ἄλευρα H. But i\/n-stems are doubtful, and ἀλίφατα has been read as *ἀληφατα (Latte; cf. DELG, who compares ἀλήφατον ἄνθος ἐλαίης Peek, Grab-Epigramme 1897; the form would have been derived from ἀλέω.) - ἄλφι can be identical with Alb. elb, -i `barley' (from. * albhi), s. Demiraj. Further origin uncertain; perhaps PIE * h₂(e)lbh-i. - Here also Turc. arpa `barley', perhaps from an Iran. * arbi, Vasmer Stud. alb. Wortforsch. I, 1921, 16ff. - ἄλφι is mostly connected with ἀλφός (cf. λεύκ' ἄλφιτα Σ 560); "wenig wahrscheinlich", Demiraj. S. EIEC 51 with Iranian forms. On the meaning Moritz Class. Quart. 43, 1949, 113ff.

See also:.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `bilge-water' (Od.).

Dialectal forms: Myc. atara a vase, has been taken as \/ antla\/, but this may be doubted.

Derivatives: Denom. vb.: ἀντλέω `bale out bilge-water' (Hdt.).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: ἄντλος is often taken as a psilotic form of *ἅντλος, with assimilation of μ from *ἅμ-θλο-ς, cognate with Lat. sentīna (Solmsen Wortforsch. 189; Chantr. Form. 375), but this is simply impossible: *sm̥- would give ἁ-. The Myc. form, if reliable, would exclude orig. *s-. Benveniste ( BSL 50, 1954, 39) compared Hitt. han- `draw warer', which is quite convincing, though it gives the unusual suffix - τλος (thus DELG). Improbable vW. (*αντι-τλος from τέλλω, "of the rising water"). As to Lith. semiù, sémti `scoop', it has a root * semH- which is impossible in the Greek form. It is tempting to compare Lat. sentīna `bilge-water', which has always been done, but in that case the word cannot be IE, which seems quite possible for such a technical term. Connection with 2. ἀμάομαι seems formally improbable.

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Grammatical information: f. pl.

Meaning: `(people's) assembly' (IG 5: 1, 1144, 21; 1146, 41; Gytheion I^a); = σηκοί, ἐκκλησίαι, ἀρχαιρεσίαι H.

Dialectal forms: Dorian.

Derivatives: Άπελλαῖος, - αιών Dor. month name (Delphi, Epidauros; Tenos); ἀπελλαῖα, τὰ `sacrifice at the apellai' (Delphi); ἀπελλακάς ἱερῶν κοινωνούς H. - Denom. ἀπελλάζω, Lacon. for ἐκκλησιάζω (Plu., H.).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Solmsen Wortforsch. 18f. assumed *n̥-pel-i̯ă, zero grade of ἐν and a verb cognate to Lat. pello `push', so orig. `pushing inwards'; but *n̥- is rare. Rejected by Lagercrantz Mélanges Boisacq 2, 57ff., who takes it as `calling forth', to Lat. appello, populus, Goth. spill (cf. ἀπειλή), from * apo-pelia; Frisk thinks the preverb not fitting. See Bq.; Barić (s. Mayer Glotta 32, 75): Macedonian, to ὀφέλλω. So the etym. is unknown. Formally IE * h₂pel- is possible. - On the meaning De Sainte Croix, Origins Pelop. War 1972, 346f. S. also ' Απόλλων.

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `nausea, loathing, vexation' (Hp.).

Dialectal forms: Aeol. ἄσᾱ

Derivatives: ἀσηρός (-ᾱ-) `causing discomfort, feeling disgust ' (Hp.). Denom.(?) ἀσάομαι `feel nausea' (Hp.)

Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]X [probably]

Etymology: If originally `supersaturation', ἄση belongs to ἆ-σαι, ἄ̄-μεναι, but the formation makes difficulty. Solmsen Wortforsch. 242ff. assumes analogically preserved σᾱ-suffix from the zero grade ἀ̆-, PIE * sh₂-. He rejects a form *sh₂-ti̯ā. Better is *ἄδσ-ᾱ, from the σ-stem in ἅδος `satiation' (Il.); simplification of the - σ- (except perhaps in ἀσσαροτέρας Sapph. 77) due to epic influence?; s. Schwyzer 321. Not very convincing. - Cf. ἆσαι, ἅδην, ἀδμολίη.

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Grammatical information: f. (m.)

Meaning: name of several types of thorn-bush (Thgn.); s. Dawkins Journ. of Hell. Stud. 56, 7.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: Unknown. Solmsen Wortforsch. 21 A. connected σπαλύσσεται σπαράσσεται, ταράσσεται H.; σφαλάσσειν τέμνειν, κεντεῖν H. etc.. (s. ἀσπάλαξ), unconvincingly. Rather a loanword (Schwyzer 510, Chantr. Form. 368); the suffix - θος often in plant names. André, Lex. 234. It may well be a substr. word. Alessio compares Lat. palla `genesta alba' ( RILomb. 74, 737ff., Studi Etr. 15, 219.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `fisher' (Nic.)

Other forms: ἀσπάλους· τοὺς ἰχθύας. Άθαμᾶνες H. Cf. ἄσπαλον· σκύτος H. (unrelated?).

Derivatives: ἀσπαλία τοῦ ἁλιέως ἐργασία (H.) for *ἀσπαλιεία? Cf. ἀσπαλίσαι ἁλιεῦσαι, σαγηνεῦσαι (AB 183).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: Cf. ἁλιεύς. Etym. unknown. Since Solmsen Wortforsch. 21 A. ἄσπαλος is compared with Lat. squalus name of a big fish, ON hvalr `whale', which does not agree with Plato, Sph. 221c, who speaks of fishing with a line. Chantr. strangely doubts the connection ἀσπαλιεύς \/ ἄσπαλος. Quite improb. vW. - Rather with Huber, Comm. Aenip. 9, 21, a susbtr. word (but note that squalus too is non-IE).

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: = κοκκυμηλέα, `plum-tree' (Nic.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Unknown, no doubt a substr. word; s. Solmsen Wortforsch. 64 n.. 3. For the formation Schwyzer 524, Chantr. Form. 216.

Page in Frisk: 1,176

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `neck, throat; isthmus' (Il.).

Other forms: Aeol. acc. ἄμφενα (Theoc. 30. 28). αὔφην in Jo. Gramm. Comp. 3, 16 is very doubtful, cf. Solmsen, Wortforsch. 118 n. 2. ἄμφην· αὐχήν, τράχηλος H.; also ἀμφήν· αὐλήν H.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: On ἄμφην beside αὐχήν see Pisani, RiLi 1 (1950) 182f. Schwyzer 296 assumed for ἄμφην *ἀγχϜ-ήν, connecting Skt. aṃhú- `narrow' etc. (s. ἄγχω), which with anticipation of the labial would have given αὐχήν. This is an improbable construction, the process unparallelled. One connects Arm. awji-k` (pl.) `neck', but the connection is quite difficult, Clackson 1994, 107ff. - The variants cannot be explained as Greek or IE, so the word will come from the substr. Variation labial\/velar is rare (Fur. 388, φωριαμός \/ χ.; but cf. γέφυρα \/ βέφυρα); also α\/αυ is rare; m\/w occurs mostly before n or intervocalic (Fur. 242 - 247). Therefore I think we must compare the type δάφνη \/ δαυχνα-, which Furnée 229 - 233 explains as showing variation labial\/w. I think that these forms had a labio-velar, gʷ, which either gave φ (in Aeolic) or - υχ- with anticipation of the labial element (Beekes Pre-Greek). Thus we have *ἀφ-ην\/ αὐ-χήν; ἄμφ-ην then has the well-known prenasalisation. Whatever the exact development, it is clear that substr. origin, and only that, can explain the variants. The Armenian form does not prove IE origin, as it can be a loan from an Anatolian language, cf. γέφυρα - kamurǰ (Beekes, Glotta 2003?).

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `king' (A.), also name of a mythical stone in Phrygia (Ps.-Plu.).

Other forms: Less certain βαλήν. παλην (inscr. IV B.C. Lycia)

Derivatives: βαλληναῖον ( ὄρος) = βασιλικὸν ὄ.

Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Anat.

Etymology: Unexplained. Thourian or Phrygian (H.a.o.). Anatolian, s. Solmsen Wortforsch. 138f. (not to Lat. dēbilis). The ending - ην is known in Pre-Gr. (Not here Aram. ba` lēna `our Lord'.) S. Fur. 143.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `king' (A.), also name of a mythical stone in Phrygia (Ps.-Plu.).

Other forms: Less certain βαλήν. παλην (inscr. IV B.C. Lycia)

Derivatives: βαλληναῖον ( ὄρος) = βασιλικὸν ὄ.

Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Anat.

Etymology: Unexplained. Thourian or Phrygian (H.a.o.). Anatolian, s. Solmsen Wortforsch. 138f. (not to Lat. dēbilis). The ending - ην is known in Pre-Gr. (Not here Aram. ba` lēna `our Lord'.) S. Fur. 143.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `vase with handles', also a measure (Hdt.; s. Solmsen Wortforsch. 65 w. n. 2; also Hippon., fr. 142 Masson).

Derivatives: Demin. βικίον (Pap.), βικίδιον Suid.

Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably] Eg.?, Sem.?

Etymology: Has been considered Egyptian; cf. Eg. bʕk.t `oil flask, used as measure' (Hemmerdinger, Glotta 46, 1968, 241). E. Masson Recherches 78ff. considers Semitic origin. Not with Fur. 294 to Lat. fiscus. Not to βαυκάλιον.

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Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `tumour on a tendon, or the head' (Gal..); the nerve-knots now called ganglia have been compared to such a tumour (Gal.)

Derivatives: γαγγλιώδης (Hp.)

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: Unknown. Mostly connected with ἄγλις, γέλγις, γάλινθοι, γέλινθοι (s. vv.), to which Solmsen Wortforsch. 223 added Slavic words for `tumour', e. g. OCS žьly. Further see W.-Hofmann s. galla, Pok. 357. Most probably non-IE, Pre-Gr. (Fur. 129).

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `gangrene', illness that eats away the flesh (Hp.).

Other forms: Cf. γάγγραινα φαγέδαινα. S οἱ δε καρκίνος etc. H.

Derivatives: γαγγραινόομαι, γαγγραίνωσις etc. (Hp.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: For the suffix cf. φαγέδαινα. Basis uncertain; cf. Chantr. Form. 108f., perhaps *γάγγρων, *γάγγρος, or *γάγγρα. Alexander Polyhistor in St. Byz. s. Γάγγρα gives this word as a goat. In antiquity compared with γράω `devour', which is certainly incorrect. See Solmsen Wortforsch. 231f. Most probably a Pre-Greek word (a-vocalism, - αινα, prenasalization?). Cf. καρκίνος.

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `weasel, marten' ( Batr., Ar.); also fish name (Ael.), s. Strömberg Fischnamen 108.

Compounds: γαλε-άγκων (Arist.), also γαλι-άγκων (Hp.; after the many first members in -ι: ἀργι-, κυδι- etc.; s. below), prop. `with weaselarms', i. e. `with short upperarm', cf. Solmsen Wortforsch. 225f.; γαλεό-βδολον n. "weaselstench", `dead nettle', substant. bahuvrihi, = γαλήοψις "weaseleye" (Dsc.); on the names Strömberg Pflanzennamen 138f., Lehmann IF 21, 193 A. 1. Denom. γαλιάω = ἀκολασταίνω "ce qui serait sémantiquement satisfaisant"(?) DELG.

Derivatives: γαλιδεύς `young weasel' (Crat.), after λυκ-ιδεύς etc. (Chantr. Form. 364; s. below); γαλεώτης `gecko lizard' (Ar.), `weasel' (Luc.); on the formation s. Schwyzer 500; also `swordfish' (Plb.), cf. s. γαλεός. - On γαλεός s.v.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: The formation of γαλέη shows that the word originally indicated the skin, cf. ἀλωπεκ-έη etc. (Chantr. Form. 91), cf. Lat. galea below. The basis is unknown. One compares Lat. glīs `dormouse' and Skt. giri-, girikā f. `mouse' (lexic.; prob. it did not exist, Mayrhofer EWAia1, 488; γαλ-ιδεύς, γαλι-άγκων do not prove a Greek ι-stem, s. above). γαλ- could be * glH-, and Lat. glīs perhaps * glHi- (Schrijver, Laryngeals 242), but this remains uncertain. γαλέη must not be IE. On the IE word (*ḱormen-_) see Pok. 573, EIEC 638 - Not to Welsh bele `weasel' (pace Schwyzer 299; cf. W.-Hofmann s. fēlēs). - The original meaning `weasel-skin' in Lat. galea `leather helmet', cf. κυνέη prop. `dog-skin'. - From γαλέη also Ital. galea, -ia, Dutch galei etc., a ship (for its speed); cf. γαλία εἶδος πλοίου λῃστρικοῦ H.; cf. also Germ. Galeere; but see H. and R. Kahane, FS Wartburg 1958, 428-439: rather form γαλεός `shark' with the comment of Szemerényi, Gnomon 43 (1971) 663 s.v. γαλέη: as Lat. galea also means `vessel', this word could have been used as `ship'. Ahrweiler, Byzance et la mer, 414.

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `weasel, marten' ( Batr., Ar.); also fish name (Ael.), s. Strömberg Fischnamen 108.

Compounds: γαλε-άγκων (Arist.), also γαλι-άγκων (Hp.; after the many first members in -ι: ἀργι-, κυδι- etc.; s. below), prop. `with weaselarms', i. e. `with short upperarm', cf. Solmsen Wortforsch. 225f.; γαλεό-βδολον n. "weaselstench", `dead nettle', substant. bahuvrihi, = γαλήοψις "weaseleye" (Dsc.); on the names Strömberg Pflanzennamen 138f., Lehmann IF 21, 193 A. 1. Denom. γαλιάω = ἀκολασταίνω "ce qui serait sémantiquement satisfaisant"(?) DELG.

Derivatives: γαλιδεύς `young weasel' (Crat.), after λυκ-ιδεύς etc. (Chantr. Form. 364; s. below); γαλεώτης `gecko lizard' (Ar.), `weasel' (Luc.); on the formation s. Schwyzer 500; also `swordfish' (Plb.), cf. s. γαλεός. - On γαλεός s.v.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: The formation of γαλέη shows that the word originally indicated the skin, cf. ἀλωπεκ-έη etc. (Chantr. Form. 91), cf. Lat. galea below. The basis is unknown. One compares Lat. glīs `dormouse' and Skt. giri-, girikā f. `mouse' (lexic.; prob. it did not exist, Mayrhofer EWAia1, 488; γαλ-ιδεύς, γαλι-άγκων do not prove a Greek ι-stem, s. above). γαλ- could be * glH-, and Lat. glīs perhaps * glHi- (Schrijver, Laryngeals 242), but this remains uncertain. γαλέη must not be IE. On the IE word (*ḱormen-_) see Pok. 573, EIEC 638 - Not to Welsh bele `weasel' (pace Schwyzer 299; cf. W.-Hofmann s. fēlēs). - The original meaning `weasel-skin' in Lat. galea `leather helmet', cf. κυνέη prop. `dog-skin'. - From γαλέη also Ital. galea, -ia, Dutch galei etc., a ship (for its speed); cf. γαλία εἶδος πλοίου λῃστρικοῦ H.; cf. also Germ. Galeere; but see H. and R. Kahane, FS Wartburg 1958, 428-439: rather form γαλεός `shark' with the comment of Szemerényi, Gnomon 43 (1971) 663 s.v. γαλέη: as Lat. galea also means `vessel', this word could have been used as `ship'. Ahrweiler, Byzance et la mer, 414.

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Grammatical information: f. (m.)

Meaning: `crane' (Il.), also metaph. (various kinds of) apparatus, and a fish name (s. Strömberg Fischnamen 120).

Dialectal forms: Myc. kerenai dat. pl. \/kerenāhi\/ s. R.Ph. 73 (1999) 84 (doubtful).

Derivatives: γερανίς kind of bandage (medic.). γερανῖτις name of a stone (Plin., s. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 53), γερανίας `with a crane (neck)' (Phryn.), γεράνιον `geranium', also called γερανογέρων (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 54 und 159). - See Thompson Birds s. v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [383] *ǵerh₂-en-\/-eu- `crane'

Etymology: Beside the o-stem γέρανος (*ǵerh₂-n-) we have an n-stem in γέρην (or γερήν; *ǵerh₂-ēn). Old name of the (bird) crane, with n- or u-suffix. Arm. kr̄un-k (with i or u lost in the first syllable?), Celtic, e. g. Gaul. tri-garanos `with three cranes', Welsh garan, Germanic, e. g. OE cran, OHG kran-uh; Lith. garnỹs `heron, stork'; u-stem Lat. grūs, Balto-Slavic, Lith. gérvė (*ǵerh₂-u̯-), OCS žeravь (*ǵerh₂-ōu-). - The word has been interpreted as, "der Rufer, der Krächzer' etc., to Skt. járate, gr̥ṇā́ti `sing' etc., but the forms in u do not seem agent nouns. S. Solmsen Wortforsch. 119.

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