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1 ἄλοξ
ἄλοξ, - κοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `furrow' (Trag., Com.).Other forms: Also αὖλαξ (Hes.), ὦλκα, - ας acc. sg., pl. (Hom.), Dor. ὦλαξ EM 625, 37and in ὁμ-ώλακες (A. R. 2, 396). Further εὑλάκᾱ `plough' with the Lacon. fut. inf. εὑλαξεῖν (Orac. ap. Th. 5, 16); and αὑλάχα ἡ ὕννις H. and *ὄλοκες (cod. ὀλοκεύς) αὔλακες H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The relation between these forms was unclear. Solmsen Unt. 258ff. explained ὦλκα from *ἄϜολκα ( κατὰ ὦλκα Ν 707 for original *κατ' ἄϜολκα); it is strange that this form did not live on. Beside *ἀ-Ϝολκ- the zero grade would give *ἀ-Ϝλακ- in αὖλαξ. The root was supposed in Lith. velkù, OCS vlěkǫ, Av. varǝk- `draw'; one could assume * h₂uelk-. This is tempting, but must not be correct. If the Balto-Slavic words are isolated (there is further only Av. vǝrǝc-), the verb may be non-IE; also it is rather * uelkʷ-, which makes the connection with Greek impossible; further there is no trace of the verb in Greek, which has ἔλκω \< *selk-. εὑλάκα can no longer be explained from different prothesis, *ἐ-Ϝλακ-. But ἄλοξ cannot be explained in this way: metathesis of *αϜολκ- would give *αυλοκ-; an after the F had disappeared, metathesis was no longer possible (only contraction to *ωλκ-). - I see no reason to reject ὀλοκ-. ὦλαξ was perhaps taken from a compound, like ὁμώλακ-, which would give *ολακ-. - Pisani JF 53, 29 derived αὖλαξ from αὑλός and separated it from ἄλοξ etc., which is improbable. - The variants are strongly reminiscent of substr. words, as Beekes Dev. 40 held (withdrawn ib. 275-7). Variation of prothetic ε\/α\/ο\/αυ\/ευ is typical of substr. words, as is κ\/χ ( αὐλάχα). So more probably we have to assume a substr. word. The start with the Homeric form was wrong: it is the only form that has no vowel between λ and κ, and is therefore suspect. If we assume labialised phonemes, like lʷ, a reconstruction * alʷak- gives all forms: αὖλαξ (by anticipation of the labial feature; which gives ὦλαξ by contraction), ἄλοξ (influence on the second vowel ; ὀλοκ- on both vowels), interchange α\/ε gave εὐλακ-; see Beekes Pre-Gr., and cf. ἀρασχάδες etc. Homer might have had *κατ' ὠλακ(α), which became unclear during the tradition.Page in Frisk: 1,77Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄλοξ
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2 ἐπιούσιος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: of ἄρτος (Ev. Matt. 6, 11, Ev. Luk. 11, 3), in the Vulg. translated with `quotidianus', is translated as `daily'; also ἐπιουσι[ων ( Sammelb. 5224, 20; economic message), meaning unknown.Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: The most obvious interprettion as ἡ ἐπιοῦσα ( ηΏμέρα) suggests `for the coming day'; but this seems materially improbable. If we start (with Debrunner Glotta 4, 249ff.) from ἐπι την οὖσαν ( ἡμέραν), we get: `for the relevant day'. - See Blass-Debrunner-Frnk, Greek Gramm. of the New Testam. $ 123 and Koerster in Kittel, Theolog.Wörterbuch 2,587-595.Page in Frisk: 1,539-540Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐπιούσιος
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3 εὖνις
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `robbed, missing' (Il.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: One compares adjectives that start with ū̆-, or u̯ā-: Skt. ūná-, Av. ū̆na- `insufficient, lacking', Arm. unayn `empty' (anlaut uncertain, IE * eu- also possible), Lat. vānus `empty, idle', Germ., e. g. Goth. wans `defective, missing'. But *h₁eu̯h₂n- would have given *ἐ(Ϝ)αν-. S. Bq s. v., Bechtel Lex. s. v., W.-Hofmann s. vānus, Pok. 345.Page in Frisk: 1,589Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εὖνις
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4 ὁρμάω
A : [tense] aor.ὥρμησα Il.6.338
, Pl. Ion 534c; [dialect] Lacon. imper. ὅρμᾱον, i.e. ὅρμαὁν, = ὅρμησον, Ar.Lys. 1247: [tense] pf. :—[voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., Pi.N.1.5, A.Pr. 339, Hdt.1.17, etc.: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.ὡρμᾶτο Il.3.142
: [tense] fut.ὁρμήσομαι Hdt.5.34
, X.Cyr.7.1.9,ὁρμηθήσομαι Gal.5.85
: [tense] aor.ὡρμησάμην Il.21.595
, v.l. in Hes.Sc. 127 ([etym.] ἐφ-), never in Prose, exc.ἐξ- X.HG6.5.20
codd.: more freq. in pass. formὡρμήθην Il.5.12
, al., Th.3.98, etc.: [tense] pf.ὥρμημαι S.El.70
, E. El. 340, Th.6.33, etc.: [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl. [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf. ὁρμέαται and - έατο (with vv. ll. ὡρμ-) Hdt.5.121, 8.35 ; in Hom. codd. usu. have the augm., but Aristarch. read ὁρμήθησαν in Il.10.359: ([etym.] ὁρμή):A [voice] Act.,I causal, set in motion, urge on, cheer on,τινὰ εἰς πόλεμον Il.6.338
, Th.1.127 ;τινὰ ποτὶ κλέος Pi.O.10(11).21
;τὸ στράτευμα ὁ. ἐπὶ τὰς Ἀθήνας Hdt.8.106
, cf. S.Aj. 174 (lyr.), E.Or. 352 (anap.); , cf. Ion 534c ;[τὰ] ὁρμῶντα [σώματα] Hp.Epid.6.8.7
; (lyr.); ὁ. τινὰ ἐκ χερός tear from one's arms, Id.Hec. 143 (anap.):—[voice] Pass., ὁρμηθεὶς θεοῦ ἄρχετο inspired by the god he began, Od.8.499 ;πρὸς θεῶν ὡρμημένος S.El.70
;ὑπὸ ἔρωτος Pl.Smp. 181d
; ἵπποι.. ὁρμηθέντες ὑπὸ πληγῇσιν ἱμάσθλης urged on by.., Od.13.82.2 with a thing as the object, stir up,πόλεμον 18.376
: c. acc. et inf.,τὰς διόδους τῶν πτερῶν.. ὥρμησε πτεροφυεῖν Pl.Phdr. 255d
:—[voice] Pass., was sped,S.
El. 196 (lyr.).II more freq. intr., start,1 c. inf., ἴρηξ ὃς ὁρμήσῃ διώκειν ὄρνεον ἄλλο starts in chase of.., Il.13.64; ὁσσάκι δ' ὁρμήσειε πυλάων.. ἀντίον ἀΐξασθαι whenever he started to rush for the gates, 22.194 ;ὁσσάκι δ' ὁρμήσειε.. στῆναι ἐναντίβιον 21.265
; ἐξελαύνειν ὁρμῆσαι τὸν στρατόν began to lead out.., Hdt.1.76, cf.7.150 ; eager to..,S.
Ant. 133 (lyr.); .2 c. gen., rush headlong at one,Τρώων Il.4.335
: more freq. with Preps.,ὁ. ἐπί τινα Hes.Sc. 403
, Hdt. 1.1, etc.;πύργωμα Καδμείων ἔπι E.Supp. 1220
;εἴς τινας X.Cyr.7.1.17
;καθ' αὑτούς Id.An.5.7.25
; also ὁ. ἐς μάχην hasten to battle, A.Pers. 394 ; (lyr.) ;εἰς τὸ διώκειν X.An.1.8.25
;ἐπὶ ἁρπαγάς Pl.R. 391d
;ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἀθηναίους Th.7.34
; ὥρμασε ([dialect] Dor.) (Chersonesus, ii B. C.): without any sense of hostility, rush, (lyr.);ἐς πατρὸς δόμους Id.Med. 1178
; set out,ἀπὸ [τῆς Οἰνόης] Th.2.19
;ἐς φυγήν Hdt.7.179
, etc.;εἰς τὸ ἐπ' ἐκεῖνα τῆς γῆς Pl.Phd. 112b
;ἐπ' ἄλλον λόγον Antipho 3.4.5
;ἐπὶ τὸ σκοπεῖν X.Mem.3.7.9
; ἐπὶ τραγῳδίαν ὥρμηκε has turned to tragedy, Alex.135.14 ; δηλώσεις.. τὴν φύσιν ἐπὶ τί μάλισθ' ὥρμηκε, i. e. what your natural bent is, ib.8 ;φυσικῶς ἐπὶ τὴν ὀργὴν ὁρμᾶν Phld.Ir.93
W.;πρὸς τὰς πράξεις Id.Mus.p.71
K.;ἐπὶ φιλοσοφίαν Id.Acad.Ind.p.64
M. ;πρὸς τὰς ὀχείας Arist.HA 546a15
: c. acc. cogn.,ὁδόν X.An.3.1.8
;στρατείαν Id.Cyr.8.6.20
.3 abs., start, begin,ὥσπερ ὡρμήσαμεν, ἴωμεν Pl.Prt. 314b
, cf. R. 425c; αἱ μάλιστα ὁρμήσασαι [νῆες] the ships that were hottest in pursuit, Th.8.34.B [voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., like the intr. [voice] Act., A. II:1 c. inf., μὴ φεύγειν ὁρμήσωνται that they put not themselves in motion, set not themselves to flee, Il.8.511 ; soδιώκειν ὁρμήθησαν 10.359
, cf. Od.4.282 ; ὡρμήθη κόρυθα κρατὸς ἀφαρπάξαι he rushed to snatch.., Il.13.188, cf. 182 ; ἦτορ ὡρμᾶτο πτολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι was eager to.., 21.572 ; μᾶλλον ὅρμητο στρατεύεσθαι was eager to march, Hdt.7.1, cf. 19, al., Th.3.45 ; ὅδε ὁ λόγος ὅρμηται λέγεσθαι this account has begun to be given, Hdt.4.16, cf. 6.86.δ' ( λέγεσθαι is restored for λέγεται in 3.56); but λόγον, τὸν ὅρμητο λέγειν which he purposed to make, Id.5.50.2 the object for or after which one goes is sts. in gen., Il.14.488, 21.595 : a case with a Prep.,ὡρμήθησαν ἐπ' ἀνδράσιν Od.10.214
;ἐπί τινα S.Aj.47
, etc.;εἴς τινα X.Cyr.7.1.9
; μετά τινα after one, Il.17.605 ; soὁ. ἐπὶ τὸ ἱρόν Hdt.8.35
;ἐς πύλας A.Th.31
;πρὸς δόμους E.Hipp. 1152
;ἐπ' ἀλήθειαν Pl.Sph. 228c
;ἐς φυγήν Th.4.14
;πρὸς τίσιν S.OC 1328
;πρὸς τὸ κρατεῖν Pl.R. 581a
;[ἡ ποίησις] πρὸς ἡδονὴν ὥρμηται Id.Grg. 502c
; οἱ περὶ λόγον ἢ παιδείαν ὁρμώμενοι persons keen about.., Vett.Val.199.5 : rarely c. acc. loci,νερτέρας πλάκας S.OC 1576
(lyr.).b the starting-point is expressed byἐκ, ὡρμᾶτ' ἐκ θαλάμοιο Il.3.142
, cf. 9.178, etc. ; or ἀπό, S.Tr. 156, Pl. Phd. 101d, etc.;ἀπὸ φιλοσοφίας Phld.Rh.1.357
S.; or by a form in-θεν, σέθεν.. ὕμνος ὁρμᾶται θέμεν αἶνον Pi.N.1.5
: in historical Prose, ὁρμᾶσθαι ἐκ.. start from, begin from, esp. of the place where one carries on any regular operations, ἐνθεῦτεν ὁρμώμενοι living there and going out from thence to do their daily work, Hdt.1.17 ; of fishers,ἐκ πλοίων ὁρμώμενοι Id.3.98
; of a general, making that place his head-quarters or base of operations, Id.8.133, cf. 5.125, al., Th.1.64, 2.69, al.; ἀπ' ἐλασσόνων ὁρμώμενος setting out, beginning with smaller means, ib.65, cf. 1.144 ; of rivers,ἐκ τῆς Ἴδης ὁ.
rising..,Pl.
Lg. 682b.3 abs., rush, dart, attack, Il.5.12, Od.12.126, al., S.OC 1068 (lyr.); also with ἔγχεϊ, ξιφέεσσι, etc., added, Il. 5.855, 17.530, 13.496, al.b generally, hasten, be eager, , cf. 395 ;ἀλλ' ἥδε.. ὁρμᾶται
comes forth,Id.
Pers. 151 (anap.);τὸ φέγγος ὁρμάσθω πυρός Id.Eu. 1029
; ὕβρις ἀτάρβητα ὁρμᾶται insolence goes fearless forth, S.Aj. 197 (lyr.). -
5 ὁρμή
ὁρμ-ή, ἡ,A rapid motion forwards, onrush, onset, assault,μόγις δέ μευ ἔκφυγεν ὁρμήν Il.9.355
; ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ χωρίου ἡ ὁ. ἔσται the attack, invasion, Hdt.1.11 ;ἡ ἐπὶ βασιλέα ὁ. X.An.3.1.10
; also of an impulse received from another,ἐμέ τ' εἰσορόων καὶ ἐμὴν ποτιδέγμενος ὁ. Il.10.123
, cf. Od.2.403.2 more freq. of things, πυρὸς ὁ. the rage of fire, Il.11.157 ; ὑπὸ κύματος ὁρμῆς by the shock of a wave, Od.5.320 ;ἔγχεος ὁ. Hes.Sc. 365
; but ἐς ὁρμὴν ἔγχεος ἐλθεῖν within my spear's cast, within reach of my spear, Il.5.118 ; ὁ. γονάτων spring of knee, i.e. power to spring or leap, Pi.N.5.20 ; ποδὸς ὁ. speed of foot, E.El. 112 (lyr.): pl., of the tides, Ptol.Tetr.3.II impulse to do a thing, effort,μίνυνθα δέ οἱ γένεθ' ὁρμή Il.4.466
;μελέη δέ μοι ἔσσεται ὁ. Od.5.416
;φιλότητος.. ἄμβροτος ὁ. Emp.35.13
;πίστιος ὁ. Id.114.3
;ἐπεὶ δὲ δαιμονίη τις γίνεται ὁ. Hdt.7.18
;μαινομένᾳ σὺν ὁρμᾷ S.Ant. 135
(lyr.), cf. Tr. 720 ; τίς προσήγαγε χρεία; τίς ὁ.; Id.Ph. 237; οὕτω καθ' ὁρμὴν δρῶσιν, i. e. with so much zeal, ib. 566 ;εἰ.. ἄγοι αὐτὸν ὁ. θειοτέρα Pl.Phdr. 279a
: joined with ἐπιθυμία, Id.Phlb. 35d, Th.3.36 ; μιᾷ ὁ. with one impulse, X.An.3.2.9 ;ἀπὸ μιᾶς ὁ. Th.7.71
;ὑπὸ μιᾷ τῇ ὁ. Luc.Hist.Conscr. 2
: c. gen. objecti, eager desire of or for a thing, Th.7.43, etc.: so with a Prep.,ἡ ὁρμή, ἣν ὁρμᾷς ἐπὶ τοὺς λόγους Pl.Prm. 135d
, cf. 130b ;ἔχειν ὁρμὴν πρός τι Arist.MM 1185a31
, al. ; ὁ. ἐπέπεσέ τισι, c. inf., Th.4.4 ; ὁ. παραστῆσαί τισι εἴς τι or c. inf., Plb.2.48.5, Plu.Cor.33 ; ὁ. σχεῖν, c. inf., Id.Publ.19.2 in Stoic philosophy, appetition, including reasoned choice and irrational impulse, Stoic.3.40, al.3 Pythag. name for 2, Anatolius ap. Theol.Ar. 8.III setting oneself in motion, start on a march, etc., ἐν ὁρμῇ εἶναι to be on the point of starting, X.An. 2.1.3, cf. Arist.Rh. 1393a3 ; ἐπὶ παντὸς ὁρμῇ.. πράγματος at the start of every undertaking, Pl.Ti. 27c ; ἡ ὁ. [τούτων τῶν ἀνέμων] the point at which these winds start, Arist.Mete. 364b5, cf. Pl.R. 511b (pl.). (Cf. Skt. s´rati 'flow'.) -
6 περκνός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `spotted, having dark spots', also as name of a kind of eagle (Ω 316, Hp., Arist.).Derivatives: ἐπί-περκνος `somewhat spotted' (X.,; Strömberg Prefix Studies 105). - Beside it πέρκος m. `kind of eagle' (Arist.), πέρκη f. `redfin perch, Perca fluviatilis' (Emp., Com., Arist.) with - ίς, - ίον, - ίδιον (Com., pap., Dsc.); περκάς adj. f., attribute of κίχλη, prob. as fishname (Eratosth.). Denominatives. a. περκάζω, - ομαι, also w. ὑπο-, ἐπι-, ἐν-, `to start getting dark spots, to start ripening', act. also `to colour dark' (η 126, Thphr., LXX); b. περκαίνω, - ομαι ( ἐμ-) `id.' (E., H.); c. ἀπο-περκόομαι `to become dark', of ripening grapes (S. Fr. 255, 6). Here περκώματα τὰ ἐπὶ τοῦ προσώπου ποικίλματα H.; after Krahe IF 58, 225 also Περκώτη f. town in Mysia. -- Beside it 1. with zerograde: πρακνόν μέλανα H.; 2. with diff., prob. secondary full grade: πρεκνόν ποικιλόχροον ἔλαφον H., to which 3. with o-ablaut πρόξ, - κός f. (s. v.) and προκάς f. `deer- or roe-like animal', Πρόκνη PN "the nightingale" or "swallow", Radke P.-W. 23, 250; 4. with lengthened grade πρωξ, - κός f. `drop of dew' (s. v.).Etymology: The substantival πέρκος, πέρκη presuppose an adj. *περκός, to which f. περκάς, as λεῦκος, λεύκη from λευκός, f. λευκάς. From *περκός also περκ-άζω, - αίνω, - όομαι (like λευκ-αίνω a.o.). Beside it with ν-suffix περκ-νός like the synonymous ἐρεμ-νός, κελαι-νός a.o. (Chantraine Form. 194; cf. below). -- Old inherited family with representatives in several languages, where esp. the many animal names are remarkable. With πρακνόν agree except for the ending both Skt. pŕ̥śni-'spotted, variegated' as a Germ. name of the trout, OHG forhana (to which with l-suffix the dimin. Forelle), OE forn(e) f., IE *pr̥ḱ-n-. A full grade agreement gives the Swed. fishname färna f., IE *perḱ-n- like περκ-ν-ός. With *περκός, πέρκος a Celt. word can be identified: MIr. erc (Wesh erch) `spotted, dark-red', as subst. `salmon, trout', also `cow, lizard'. -- Another representative is the Germ. word for `vatiegated, colourful' and `colour' in OHG faro, farawa, IE *porḱ-u̯ó-; one must certainly also consider Lat. pulc(h)er `beautiful' from * pelc-ro-s or * polc-ro-s (with dissim.); IE *perḱ-, resp. *porḱ- or *pr̥ḱ-. On the formation also Borgström NTS 16, 141 f. -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 45 f., Pok. 820f., W.-Hofmann s. pulc(h)er and 2. porcus. Older lit. also in Bq. Cf. also πάπραξ.Page in Frisk: 2,515-516Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > περκνός
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7 προλαμβάνω
A- λήψομαι Isoc.6.16
: [tense] aor. προὔλαβον:—[voice] Pass., v. infr.1.5:— take or receive before,τὴν πόλιν Lys.26.9
codd.;τὰ χωρία καὶ λιμένας D.2.9
; ἀργύριον π. receive money in advance, Id.50.14, 35;τὰ ἐφόδια Aeschin.1.172
;τρία τάλαντα παρά τινος Id.2.166
;ἅπαντα ἡμῶν τὰ χωρία D.3.16
, etc.; also (lyr.); μισθὸν τῆς ἀγγελίας for the message, Luc.Merc.Cond.37;γάλα μετὰ μέλιτος IG42(1).126.15
(Epid., ii A.D.);π. τὴν ἡλικίαν Aeschin.1.162
; π. τὴν αὔξησιν begin their growth before, Thphr.HP8.1.4:—[voice] Pass., to be contained in advance,ἐν τῷ ὄντι ἄρα ζωὴ προείληπται καὶ ὁ νοῦς Procl. Inst. 103
.2 take or seize beforehand, Aeschin. 3.142;τὴν ἀρχήν A.D.Synt.40.24
;ὅσα τῆς πόλεως π. D.18.26
; τοῦτο π., ὅπως σώσομεν provide that.., Id.3.2: c. part., προλαβὼν κατεγνωκότας ὑμᾶς having first procured your vote of condemnation, Id.24.77:—[voice] Pass.,σῶμα προειλημμένον ὑπὸ νόσου Corp.Herm.12.3
.b get or take as a start, προειλήφασι πολὺν χρόνον have had a long start, PCair.Zen.60.5 (iii B.C.);π. τῆς νυκτὸς ὁπόσον ἂν δυναίμην Luc.Gall.1
.5 assume in advance,τὴν ὁλότητα προλαβὼν ἐγέννησεν ἀπ' αὐτῆς τὴν παντότητα Dam.Pr. 253
; προειλήφθω.. δισχιλίων σταδίων τὸ βάθος [εἶναι] Plb.34.6.7.II to be beforehand with, anticipate,1 c. acc. pers., get the start of,τὰς κύνας X.Cyn.5.19
, v. infr. 3;π. τῷ λόγῳ τινάς D.Prooem. 29
; βραχὺν χρόνον π. ἡμᾶς, i.e. in dying, Plu.2.117e;π. τῇ ῥιζώσει τοὺς χειμῶνας Thphr. HP8.1.3
, cf. CP3.24.3: c. gen. pers., ; ἵνα μὴ -λημφθῶμεν (i.e. by death) Diog.Oen.2.2 c. acc. rei, π. γόους, μαντεύματα, E.Hel. 339 (lyr.), Ion 407;τὸν καιρόν Plb.9.14.12
, cf. Plu.Cam.34, etc.;τὸν ὄρθρον Luc.Am.15
; of mental anticipation,π. ὡς οὕτως ἔχον πρὶν γινόμενον οὕτως ἰδεῖν Arist. GA 765a28
;τὰ συμβησόμενα ταῖς ἐννοίαις Plb.3.112.7
, cf. 3.1.7;τὰ πολλὰ εἰκασίᾳ Luc.Am.8
;π. ὅτι.. Plu.2.102e
, etc.3 c. gen. spatii, π. τῆς ὁδοῦ get a start on the way, Hdt.3.105;πολὺ τῆς ὁδοῦ π. Polyaen.7.29.2
(but just above, π. ὡς πλείστην ὁδὸν τοὺς διώξοντας); π. ῥᾳδίως τῆς φυγῆς Th.4.33
; π. τῆς διώξεως get a start of the pursuers, D.S.16.94: metaph., μύθου προλαβοῦσα speaking first, Philicus in Stud.Ital.9.44, cf. 46.b generally, π. τῶν κηρύκων anticipate them, Arist.Rh. 1408b24; τοῦ χρόνου π. precede in point of time, Id.Metaph. 1050b5.4 c. dat. modi, π. τῷ δρόμῳ get a start in running, X.Cyn.7.7;τῇ διανοίᾳ Arist.Fr. 660
;τῇ φυγῇ Plu.Alex.20
, Cic.47.5 c. inf.,προέλαβε μυρίσαι Ev.Marc. 14.8
.8 abs., προὔλαβε πολλῷ was far ahead, Th.7.80, cf. X.Cyn. 6.19, D.4.31, Plb.31.15.8; gain an advantage, D.37.15.b anticipate the event, prejudge,ἐπειδὰν ἅπαντ' ἀκούσητε κρίνατε, μὴ πρότερον προλαμβάνετε Id.4.14
;οἱ νόμοι προλαβόντες ἐπιμέλονται ὅπως..
by anticipation,X.
Cyr.1.2.3; come before the time, opp. ὑστερίζειν, Gal. 7.353; of corn-buyers, buy earlier, SIG976.49 (Samos, ii B.C.):— [voice] Med.,προλαμβάνου Men.701
:—[voice] Pass., τὸ προειλημμένον that which is prejudged, Hermog.Stat.1.c precede, go before, ὁ προλαβὼν βίος his previous life, Arg.2 D.22.3; what precedes,Procop.
Vand.2.16; ἡ προλαβοῦσα τράπεζα the preceding meal, Lib.Or.57.24; also τῶν προλαβόντων τἢν μνήμην the memory of the past, Procop. Gaz.Pan.p.495 B.IV Philos., form a preconception (cf. πρόληψις), prejudge,οἷα προειλήφαμεν Phld.D.3.13
, cf. Sign.22:—[voice] Med., Id.D.1.13:— [voice] Pass., Id.Oec.p.57 J.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προλαμβάνω
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8 σκήπτομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to support oneself, to lean, to pretend something, to use as a pretention', σκήπτω, fut. σκήψω, aor. σκῆψαι, pass. σκηφθῆναι, perf. ἐπ-έσκηφα, pass. ἐπ-έσκημμαι `to throw down, to sling', intr. `to throw oneself down, to fall down', often w. prefix (almost only act.), κατα-, ἐπι-, ἀπο-, ἐν- (IA.); ἐπι-σκήπτω also `to impose, to command', midd. (Att. juridical language) `to object, to prosecute, to raise a complaint'.Derivatives: σκῆψις f. `excuse, pretention, pretext' (IA.), ἐπίσκηψις f. `objection, complaint' (Att.); ἀπόσκημμα ἀπέρεισμα H. (A. Fr. 18 = 265 M.), ἐπίσκημμα = ἐπίσκηψις ( Lex. Rhet. Cant.). Further several expressions for `stick etc.': 1. σκᾶπος κλάδος, καὶ ἄνεμος ποιός H. (on the last-mentioned des. s. σκηπτός). 2. σκηπ-άνη f. (AB) with - άνιον n. `stick, scepter' (Ν 59, Σ 247, Call. Fr. anon. 48, AP), σκαπάνιον βακτηρία, ἄλλοι σκίπωνα H. 3. σκᾶπτον n. (Dor.) `id.' (Pi.), IA. σκῆπτον in σκηπτ-οῦχος `stick-, scepter-bearer' = `ruler' (Hom. a. o.), with the Persians a. other Asiat. peoples who has a high office at the court (Semon., X a. o.) with - ία f. (A. a. o.). 4. σκῆπτρον n. `id.' (ep. poet. Il.; like βάκτρον a. o., Schwyzer 532 w. lit., Chantraine Form. 331); on the meaning etc. see Combellack ClassJourn. 43, 209ff., Gatti Acme 2: 3, 23 ff. On itself, with deviant meaning 5. σκηπτός m. `thunderbolt, lightning, suddenly breaking storm' (trag., X., D., Arist. a. o.); cf. φρυκτός, στρεπ-τός; s. also below.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably] Eur. substr.Etymology: With σκήπτω: σκῆψαι: σκᾶπος cf. e.g. κόπτω: κόψαι: κόπος, τύπτω: τύψαι: τύπος. The yot-present σκήπτω is formally easily understandable as deriv. of a noun σκᾶπος (*σκά̄ψ?) `stick'; so prop. *'handle with the stick, supporting, driving or swinging' (Walde LEW2 s. scāpus, Persson Beitr. 2, 941, WP. 2, 561)?; semant. possible, though not immediately clear. Then not only σκᾶπος, but also σκηπάνη, - άνιον, σκᾶπτον and σκῆπτρον would have to be registered with the s. σκάπτω discussed manyfold expressions for `plane, hew, dig etc.'; only for σκηπτός (as for σκῆψις, σκῆμμα) one would have to start, because of the meaning, from the denominative σκήπτω (even from the presentstem?). In the sense of ' ἄνεμος ποιός' (H.) σκᾶπος would have been influnced by σκηπτός. A primary σκήπτω with the meaning `support' (from where then σκᾶπος as *'support' etc.) would be without non-Greek support. The Greek system with permanent full grade is in any case an innovation; the for σκᾶπτον, σκῆπτ(ρ)ον epected zero grade may be found in the Germ. word for `shaft, spear, lance', OHG skaft m., OWNo. skapt n. a. o.; cf. anal. πηκτός beside old Ion. πᾰκτόω (s. πήγνυμι). -- With σκᾶπος can be equated Lat. scāpus `shaft, stalk' and Alb. shkop `stick, sceptre'. Other longvowel forms, for Greek uninteresting, are: with ō Lat. scōpa `thin twig', scōpiō `the stalk, from which hang the berries of the wine-grapes'; with ē CS. štapъ `stick'; unclear Latv. šk̨èps `spear, javelin' (cf. Vasmer s. štap; diff. W. Hofmann s. scāpus). Further rich material with partly hypothetical or doubtful combinations and extensive lit. in WP. 2, 561 f., Pok. 932; on Greek esp. Solmsen Wortforsch. 206 ff. -- Not here σκίπων and σκίμπτομαι. -- The word could be IE (* sk(e)h₂p-, but I think also of a loan from a Eur. substrate; cf. the discussion on σκάπτω.Page in Frisk: 2,728-729Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκήπτομαι
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9 κόλος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: of cows and goats `hornless, with not fullgrown horns' (Hdt., TheoC., Nic., H.), of a spear `without point' (Π 117), of battle `broken off' (sch. as name of Θ).Compounds: As 1. member in κόλουρος `with short tail' (Plu.), as mathem. and astron. term `stump' (Hipparch. Astr., Hero, Nicom.); with κολουραῖος `broken off, steep' ( πέτρα, Call.), κολούρα `hill etc.' (Hermione, Epid.), κολουρίᾳ τῃ̃ ἀποτομίᾳ, κολουρῖτις γῆ. Σικελοί H., κολούρωσις = κολόβωσις (Iamb.); Lat. LW [loanword] clūra `ape' (W.-Hofmann s. v., Leumann Sprache 1, 206 n. 8). -Derivatives: After κόλ-ουρος prob.(?) κόλ-ερος `with short-sheared wool-fleece' (Arist.; oppos. εὔ-, ἔπ-ερος; s. εἶρος); further κολόχειρ χείραργος H. - Derived from κόλος or closely related two verbs: 1. κολάζω, κολάσαι, rarely with συν-, ἀντι-, προ-, `wring in, chastise, punish, cut' (IA); prob. denomin. κόλασις `chastisment' (IA.), - ασμα (Ar., X.), - ασμός (Plu.) `id.'; κολαστής `punisher' (trag., also Pl., Lys.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 36f.), also κολαστήρ `id.' (Arr.), with f. κολάστρια (Ezek.), κολάστειρα (AP); κολαστήριον, adj. - ος `punishment, punishing' (X., Ph.), κολαστικός `punishing' (Pl.). - 2. κολούω, κολοῦσαι, somet. with περι-, κατα-, ἀπο-, `mutilate, limit' (Il.); formation unclear; (cf. Schwyzer 683, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 374; s. also on κωλύω). From it κόλουσις `docking, cutting short' (Arist.), κολούσματα κλάσματα H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The archaic and dying κόλος, which was in a way replaced by the expressive form κολοβός, partly also by κόλ-ουρος, belongs as verbal noun to a Balto-Slavic, in Greek replaced by κολάπτω (s. v.) primary verb meaning `beat, hew, cut off, break off', which left in Greek several continuants, s. κλάω, κελεός m. (uncertain, improbable). The remarkable barytonesis (Schwyzer 459) may be connected with the passive meaning; perhaps κόλος was like stump orig. a substantive. A formal parallel is OCS kolъ `πάσσαλος', Russ. kol `pole' (prop. "splitoff, cut off piece of wood"?; cf. σκῶλος `pointed pole' to σκάλλω?); with lengthened grade Lith. kuõlas `pole'. - The further history of κόλος is uncertain because the word is not often attested; so we don't know, whether we must start from a general meaning like `stump' or from a word with a special meaning, like `hornless' (from *`broken off' v. t.); cf. the history of κόλουρος.- The parallels adduced are not very convincing; the verbs κολάπτω, κολούω, of unclear formation, point rather to a Pre-Greek complex.Page in Frisk: 1,902-903Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόλος
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10 μουσ̃α
μουσ̃αGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `Muse', Goddess of song and poetry (usu. in plur.), also metaphor. `song, music, poetry' (IA., Il.)Compounds: Many compp., e.g. μουσ-ηγέτης, Aeol. μοισ-αγέτας m. `who leads (the) Muses' = Apollon (Pi., Att.; Chantraine Études 88 f.), ἄ-μουσος `without Muses, unformed etc.' (IA.) with ἀμουσ-ία `lack of education' (E., Pl.).Derivatives: A. Subst. 1. μουσ-εῖον `seat of the Muses, school for higher education, Museum' (Att.), Lat. mūsēum, - īum, also `sculpture of motley stones, mosaic'; from there late Gr. μουσῖον `id.' (W-.Hofmann s.v. w. lit.). -- 2. Μουσα-ϊσταί m. pl. `guild of adorers of the Muses' (Rhod.; as Έρμαϊσταί a.o., Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 177). -- 3. μούσωνες οἱ κορυφαῖοι τῶν μαγείρων, καὶ οἱ τεχνῖται H.; "to whom the Muses go at heart ", with Μουσώνιος, - ία (if not Etrusc.; Solmsen Wortforsch. 49). -- 4. μουσάριον name of an eye-salve (Alex. Trall.). -- B. Adj. 1. μουσικός `of the Muses-, musical, well educated' with μουσική ( τέχνη) `music, poetry, mental formation' (Pi., IA.; Chantraine Études [s. Index]), - ικεύομαι `cultivate music ' (Duris, S. E., sch.). -- 2. μοισ-αῖος `regarding the Muses' (Pi.). -- 3. μούσ-ειος `id.' (E., AP). -- C. Verbs: 1. μουσόομαι `be led and educated by the Muses, be formed harmonically' (Ar., Phld., Plu.), - όω `endow with music' (Ph.; ἐκ- μουσ̃α E. Ba. 825. κατα- μουσ̃α Jul.), `ornate with mosaics' (Tralles) with μουσωτής `mosaic-worker' (Syria VIp); prob. backformation to μουσῖον (s. above). -- 2. μουσ-ίζομαι (E.), - ίσδω (Theoc.) `sing, play' with μουσικτάς ψάλτης, τεχνίτης H. -- 3. μουσ-ιάζω `id.' (Phld.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: As the original, appellative meaning of μοῦσα is unknown and the antique traditions on the Muses do not allow certain conclusions on the name (cf. v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 250 f., Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 253 ff.), we only can make guesses about the etymology. -- It may be a formed with -ι̯α to a noun with possible bases *μόντι̯α, *μόνθι̯α. The explanations often connect μένος, μέμονα etc.: from *μόν-τι̯α (Brugmann IF 3, 253ff.), morpholog. difficult, s. Wackernagel KZ 33, 571 ff. (= Kl. Schr. 2, 1204ff.); from *μόν-σα (Lasso de la Vega Emer. 22, 66 ff. with extensive treatment and criticism of predecessors), phonet. difficult; from *μόνθ-ι̯α to μενθήρη, μανθάνω (Ehrlich KZ 41, 287 ff. with further, in eny case wrong connection of Skt. mán-thati `stir'); so μοῦσα prop. "mental excitement"; rejected by Meillet Les dial. indoeur. (Paris 1908) 83, but carefully agreeing Kretschmer Glotta 1, 385; from *μῶ-ντ-ι̯α \> *μόντ-ι̯α, ptc. of μῶσθαι supposedly `meditate', but rather `strive, aim' (Fick KZ 46, 82 with Pl. Kra. 406 a); against this WP. 2, 271; from *μόντ-ι̯α as "mountain-woman, mountain-nymph" (Wackernagel l.c.); but Lat. mons is not found in Greek; rejected a.o. by W.-Hofmann s. mōns. -- Older views in Curtius 312. - Not in Fur. It is rather strange that all explanations start from the assumption that the word is IE, whereas it can quite well be of Pre-Greek origin. Does it continue *monty-a?Page in Frisk: 2,260-261Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μουσ̃α
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11 ἑταῖρος
ἑταῖρος, ἕταιροςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `comrade, companion, friend',Other forms: f. ἑταίρα, Ion. - ρη `female comrade' (Il.); also ἕταρος (Il., Dor.), f. ἑτάρη (Δ 441).Derivatives: ἑταιρήϊος, - εῖος (on the formation Chantraine Formation 52) `regarding the friend' (Ion.-Att.), ἑταιρικός `id.', - όν n. `political club' (Th., Hyp., Arist.), ἑταιρόσυνος `friendly' with - σύνη (late); f. ἑταιρίς = ἑταίρα (X. HG 5, 4, 6 v. l.), ἑταιρίδιον (Plu.); ἑταιρηΐη, - ρεία, - ρία `comradeship, friendship, political club etc.' (Ion.-Att.). Denomin. verbs: ἑτα(ι)ρίζω, - ομαι `be(come) comrade', late `be Hetaire' (Il.) with ἑταίρισμα, - ισμός, - ιστής (late); also ἑταιρίστρια = τριβάς (Pl. Smp. 191e; contemptible). ἑταιρέω `keep company with' (Att.) with ἑταίρησις. ἑταιρεύομαι `prostitute oneself' (hell.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [882] * se- refl. pron.Etymology: The diff. forms can be understood as follows: to ἕταρος was first made with a ια-suffix a fem. *ἕταιρᾰ (cf. e. g. χίμαρος: χίμαιρα), which was reshaped into ἑταίρη, - ρα and then gave ἑταῖρος, ἕταιρος; after ἑταῖρος: ἕταρος finally beside ἑταίρη a form ἑτάρη was made (Schulze Q. 82; s. also Glotta 4, 338 and Schwyzer 459; some doubts in Lommel Idg. Femininbildungen 67). - As ἕταρος etc. show no trace of a digamma (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 150, Solmsen Unt. 203), the connection with Ϝέτης `relative, friend' (s. ἔτης) must be abandoned. We have to start from the reflexive *se (s. ἕ, ἑ), with a t-enlargement in OCS po-sětiti `visit' (from *sětъ `guest', IE * set-o-), beside *su̯e-t- in Ϝέτης. On the ρ-suffix cf. e. g. νεαρός, γεραρός (partly from ρ-stems). See now Pinsent, Mél. E. Delebecque, 1983, 311-328. - Not to Lat. satelles `body-guard' (prob. Etruscan; s. W.-Hofmann s. v.).Page in Frisk: 1,579Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἑταῖρος
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12 ἕταιρος
ἑταῖρος, ἕταιροςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `comrade, companion, friend',Other forms: f. ἑταίρα, Ion. - ρη `female comrade' (Il.); also ἕταρος (Il., Dor.), f. ἑτάρη (Δ 441).Derivatives: ἑταιρήϊος, - εῖος (on the formation Chantraine Formation 52) `regarding the friend' (Ion.-Att.), ἑταιρικός `id.', - όν n. `political club' (Th., Hyp., Arist.), ἑταιρόσυνος `friendly' with - σύνη (late); f. ἑταιρίς = ἑταίρα (X. HG 5, 4, 6 v. l.), ἑταιρίδιον (Plu.); ἑταιρηΐη, - ρεία, - ρία `comradeship, friendship, political club etc.' (Ion.-Att.). Denomin. verbs: ἑτα(ι)ρίζω, - ομαι `be(come) comrade', late `be Hetaire' (Il.) with ἑταίρισμα, - ισμός, - ιστής (late); also ἑταιρίστρια = τριβάς (Pl. Smp. 191e; contemptible). ἑταιρέω `keep company with' (Att.) with ἑταίρησις. ἑταιρεύομαι `prostitute oneself' (hell.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [882] * se- refl. pron.Etymology: The diff. forms can be understood as follows: to ἕταρος was first made with a ια-suffix a fem. *ἕταιρᾰ (cf. e. g. χίμαρος: χίμαιρα), which was reshaped into ἑταίρη, - ρα and then gave ἑταῖρος, ἕταιρος; after ἑταῖρος: ἕταρος finally beside ἑταίρη a form ἑτάρη was made (Schulze Q. 82; s. also Glotta 4, 338 and Schwyzer 459; some doubts in Lommel Idg. Femininbildungen 67). - As ἕταρος etc. show no trace of a digamma (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 150, Solmsen Unt. 203), the connection with Ϝέτης `relative, friend' (s. ἔτης) must be abandoned. We have to start from the reflexive *se (s. ἕ, ἑ), with a t-enlargement in OCS po-sětiti `visit' (from *sětъ `guest', IE * set-o-), beside *su̯e-t- in Ϝέτης. On the ρ-suffix cf. e. g. νεαρός, γεραρός (partly from ρ-stems). See now Pinsent, Mél. E. Delebecque, 1983, 311-328. - Not to Lat. satelles `body-guard' (prob. Etruscan; s. W.-Hofmann s. v.).Page in Frisk: 1,579Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἕταιρος
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13 εὐθενέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `thrive, flourish', of animals and plants, also metaph. of towns, peoples etc. (A., Arist.);Compounds: as 1. member in εὐθηνι-άρχης `commissioner of (corn)supply' with - αρχέω, - ία, - ικός (pap.; also εὑθενι-).Derivatives: εὐθένεια, - ία (- ίη Epigr. Ia) `thriving situation, fullness, supply, annona' (Arist. as v. l. beside εὐθηνία, pap. of Rom. times) with εὐθενιακός (pap.). - Also εὐθηνέω `id.' (h. Hom. 30, 10, Hdt., Hp.) with εὐθηνία = εὐθενεια, - ία (Arist. as v. l.); - rare and late adj.: εὐθενής εὐπαθοῦσα, ἰσχυρά H. with εὐθενέστατος (pap. VIp), εὐθηνός `thriving' (Hdn. Epim. 175, Lyd. Ost. [VIp]).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The explanation depends of the relation between these forms. If the forms with - ε- are original, εὐθενέω will be a denominative of εὐθενής, to which was made the abstract εὐθένεια, - ία. We would have to start from a noun *θένος besie φόνος in the ἅπ. λεγ. φόνον αἵματος (Π 162), if this is `mass of blood', which is not certain, s. s. v. That would give *θένος: εὐθενής: εὐθένεια: εὐθενέω like μένος: εὐμενής: εὐμένεια: εὐμενέω. But εὐθενής is rare and late, while εὐθενέω is older. Then the agreement with Skt. ā-hanás- `thriving, full' (Bechtel Lex. 78f. with Fick BB 8, 330), IE *- gʷhenes- becomes doubtfull. To ā-hanás- and εὑ-θενής are further connected Skt. ghana- `solid, thick, full of' (ep. class.; very doubtfull RV. 1, 8, 3), NPers. ā-ganiš `full', ā-gandan `fill on'; from Balto-Slavic further Lith. ganà `enough', OCS goněti `be enough'; finally Alb. zânë `solid, thick', IE * gʷhen- (Jokl Mélanges Pedersen 131) and Arm. y-ogn `multum, very, much' (the last quite uncertain). Unclear are PN in - φόντης as Κρεσ-φόντης (cf. on κράτος), Πολυ-φόντης as well as φανᾶν θέλειν H. Far remain the unclear ἄφενος and παρθένος (s. vv.). The - η- in εὐθηνέω etc. can be old lengthened grade; secondary lengthening (after κτῆνος, μῆλα etc.?; Fraenkel Lexis 3, 61) cannot be excluded. - If we assume an original η-vowel, εὑθενέω could be a comparable derailment (after σθένος?; Sommer Lautstud. 66) or old weak grade (Schwyzer 340f.); Gr. *θῆνος has been compared with Lat. fēnus `produce' (to fē-līx, s. θῆλυς, and θῆ-σθαι) which could be phonetically and semantically identical (cf. Fick 1, 415, Froehde BB 21, 326f.), if the connection with Skt. ā-hanás- etc. is given up. - See Bq s. v., Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. ganà.Page in Frisk: 1,586-587Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εὐθενέω
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14 ἔχθος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `hatred, enmity' (Il.).Compounds: As 2. member in φιλ-εχθής `who is prone to hate' (Theoc. 5, 137),.Derivatives: ἐχθρός `hated' (thus always in Hom.), `hateful', m. `enemy' (Hes., Pi.); with ἐχθίων, ἔχθιστος (A. resp. Il.); ἔχθρα, ion. - ρη f. `hate, enmity' (Ion.-Att., Pi.; on the formation Chantraine Formation 226). - Verbs: ἔχθομαι, only present-stem, `be hated' (Od.), act. ἔχθω `hate' (trag.); ἀπ-εχθάνομαι (β 202), aor. ἀπ-εχθέσθαι (Il.), fut. ἀπ-εχθήσομαι (Hdt.), late present ἀπ-έχθομαι (Theoc., Lyc.) `make oneself hated' with ἀπεχθής `hated' (S., D.), ἀπέχθεια `be hated, hate' (Att.), ἀπέχθημα `object of hate' (E. Tr. 425; cf. Chantraine Formation 177f.); ἐχθαίρω, aor. ἐχθῆραι, also with ἀπ-, ὑπερ-, συν-, `hate' (Il.); ἐχθραίνω, aor. ἐχθρᾶναι (X.) `be enemy, hate' with ἔχθρασμα ἔχθρα H.; ἐχθρεύω `be enemy' (LXX, Phld.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [292] *h₁eǵʰs-to- `outsider'Etymology: The relation of the words cited is not always clear. Clearly ἐχθραίνω and ἐχθρεύω are late derivations of ἐχθρός; much older ἐχθαίρω is also a denominative of ἐχθρός (Schwyzer 725). Also ἀπ-εχθάνομαι could with r:n-interchange be related to ἐχθρός (Benveniste Origines 16), though it could as well be a nasal enlargement of ἔχθομαι, ἀπ-εχθέσθαι (Schwyzer 700, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 315f..). ἔχθομαι is acc. to Schwyzer 725 a backformation from ἐχθαίρω, but it is better connected to ἔχθος like σθένω to σθένος (Schwyzer 723). - More difficult is the interpretation of ἔχθος and ἐχθρός, for which cf. αἶσχος: αἰσχρός, κῦδος: κυδρός. If we start from ἐχθρός and consider ἔχθος with ἔχθομαι, ἐχθίων, ἔχθιστος as innovations, perhaps after κυδρός, κυδίων, κύδιστος, τὸ κῦδος, we can connect ἐχθρός with Lat. extrā `outside', exterus `being outside', and so also with ἐχθός = ἐκτός `outside' (Leumann Hom. Wörter 158 n. 1 with Keil Hermes 25, 601, s. also Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 30; against this Wackernagel KZ 31, 41 = Kl. Schr. 1, 720); ἐχθρός then would be prop. `outside, being in foreign territory, foreigner, enemy'; cf. Lat. hostis. - More in Bq, Seiler Steigerungsformen 77f., W.-Hofmann s. ex, Pok. 292f. Now Čop KZ 74, 225f.Page in Frisk: 1,600-601Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔχθος
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15 μορφή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `outward (corporal) shape, form, beautiful shape, charm' (θ 170 a. λ 367; on the meaning cf. Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 175f.).Compounds: Very often as 2. member, e.g. πολύ-μορ-φος `with many forms' (Hp., Arist.) with πολυμορφ-ία (Longin., Him.).Derivatives: Three denominatives: 1. μορφόομαι, - όω, also with μετα-, δια- a.o., `assume a shape, form' (Thphr., Arat., LXX, NT, Plu.) with ( μετα-, δια-)μόρφωσις `shaping, embodiment' (Thphr., Str., Ep. Rom.); μορφ-ώτρια f. `she who forms, represents' (E. Tr.437), - ωτικός `forming' (Gal., Prokl.); also μόρφωμα `form' (Epicur., Aq.), but in trag. (A., E.) as enlargement of μορφή, cf. Chantraine Form. 186 f. -- 2. μορφάζω `make gestures, behave oneself' (X.) with - ασμός name of a dance (Ath., Poll.), `embellish' (Eust.); ἐπι-μορφάζω `pretend, simulate' (Ph.). -- 3. μορφύνει καλλωπίζει, κοσμεῖ H. (after καλλύνω a.o.); from ἄ-μορφος: ἀμορφύνειν οὑ δεόντως πράττειν H. (Antim. 72). -- Two names: Μορφώ f. surn. of Aphrodite in Sparta (Paus., Lyc.), Μορφεύς m. son of (the) Sleep (Or. Met. 11, 635), father of the dream-images created by him; Bosshardt 122 f. To be rejected Güntert Kalypso 193 f.: Μορφώ and Μορφεύς to μόρφνος. -- Adj. μορφήεις `with beautiful shape' (Pi.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: ἀμερφές αἰσχρόν H. points to a noun *μέρφος n., beside which μορφή as γένος: γονή, τέγος: Lat. toga a.o.; the for the verbal nouns *μέρφος and μορφή to be posited primary verb *μέρφω v.t. is unknown. Also further connections are quite hypothetical. After Solmsen KZ 34, 23 f. (s. also Persson Beitr. 2, 687 a. 689) as *'glittering motley outward aspect' with μορφνος (s.v.) to Lith. márgas `motley, manycoloured, beautiful', beside which the zero grade mirgė́ti `light up and again extinguish, shine in motley play of colours'; one should start from an IE verb * mergʷʰ- `bunt glänzen o.ä.'. Diff. on the Lith. words WP. 2, 274 and Fraenkel Wb. s. márgas. -- Not better Osthoff BB 24, 137A. (to μάρπτω), Thieme ZDMG 102, 107 (to Skt. bráhman-). -- On the attempts to connect Lat. fōrma with μορφή s. W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s.v. (DELG points to the difficulty of the ō).Page in Frisk: 2,257-258Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μορφή
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16 σπλήν
σπλήν, σπληνόςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `spleen' (IA), metaph. `compress' (Hp.; cf. - ίον), αἰγὸς σπλήν as plantname `mallow, cheeseweed' (Ps.-Dsc.).Compounds: As 2. member a. o. in ἄ-σπλην-ον n., - ος m. `miltwaste' (Dsc. a. o., because of its medic. effect against spleen; Strömberg Pfl. 86, where ἀ- is wrongy interpreted as prothetic, cf. Vitr. I 4, 10).Derivatives: 1. σπλην-ίον n., - ίσκον n., - ίσκος m., - άριον n. `compress' (Hp., Dsc., Samos IVa); - ίον also as name of several plants (Dsc.; cf. ἄσπληνον ab.). 2. - ίτης, f. - ῖτις `belonging to the spleen, disease of the spleen' (Medic.; Redard 104 a. 102 f.). 3. - ικός `belonging to the spleen, splenetic' (Hp., hell. com. etc.), - ώδης `id.' (Hp.). 4. - ιάω `to be splenetic' (Arist. a. o.). -- Beside it σπλάγχνα n. pl. `interior organs (heart, liver, lungs, kidneys), intestines' (Il.), rarely and second. sg. as des. of individual organs (A., Pl., Arist.), metaph. (pl. a. sg.) "heart" = `mental state' (trag.), `compassion, commiseration, charity' (LXX, NT; coloured by Semitic). As 1. member a. o. in σπλαγχνο-φάγος `eating intestines' (LXX a.o.); often as 2. member, e.g. εὔ-σπλαγχνος `having healthy intestines' (Hp.), `compassionate' (LXX, NT). From it 1. σπλαγχν-ίδια n. pl. dimin. (Diph.). 2. - ίδης ( UPZ 89, 3 a. 13) form a. meaning doubted; cf. Wilcken ad loc. 3. - ικός `belonging to σ.' (Dsc., pap.). 4. - ίζομαι `to commiserate' (LXX, NT); - ίζω, - εύω `to consume intestines' (Cos IVa, LXX resp. Ar. a. o.) with - ισμός m. (LXX); - εύω, - εύομαι `to predict from intestines' (Str.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [987] *spl(ē)ngh- `spleen'Etymology: On the meaning of σπλήν and σπλάγχνα Egli Heteroklisie 44 ff. (not in all respects convincing); on Σπλήν as PN Bechtel Namenstud. 43 ff. With σπλήν cf. other names of body-parts as φρήν, ἀδήν, αὑχήν etc., which however all inflect with ablaut ( φρεν-ός etc. as against σπλην-ός). -- Several IE designtions of the spleen show in spite of great phonetic variation an clear similarity, which cannot be accidental. The basic word has because of association with other words, prob. also through taboo (Havers Sprachtabu 64, Specht Ursprung 77 n. 3) known strong changes. Thus Skt. plīhán- against Lat. liēn with common vocalization and stemformation but deviating anlaut; Av. spǝrǝzan-, also n-stem, but with zero grade (IE l̥) and initial sp-; the words mentioned have also IE ǵh before the suffix (Lat. liēn from * lihēn). Besides these, with stronger deviations, Arm. p'aycaɫn, OIr. selg, Lith. blužnìs, S.-CSl. slězena etc. -- As a reconstruction in detail is impossible, only suppositions are possible. We should start from *σπληχ-, *σπλαχ- (= Av. spǝrǝz-an-) with ν-stem as liēn etc. By anticipation of the nasal we get σπλα-γ-χ-ν-; further σπλήν haplological for *σπληχ-ήν (after monosyll. φρήν) or from *σπλη-γ-χ[ν]-? -- More w. lit. in WP. 2, 680, Pok. 987, W.-Hofmann s. liēn, Mayrhofer s. plīhā́, Vasmer s. selezënka. On σπλήν and σπλάγχνα also Egli l. c. and Schwyzer 489 w. n. 1. Older lit. also in Bq. -- Lat. LW [loanword] splēn (Engl. spleen etc.).Page in Frisk: 2,769-770Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπλήν
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17 σπληνός
σπλήν, σπληνόςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `spleen' (IA), metaph. `compress' (Hp.; cf. - ίον), αἰγὸς σπλήν as plantname `mallow, cheeseweed' (Ps.-Dsc.).Compounds: As 2. member a. o. in ἄ-σπλην-ον n., - ος m. `miltwaste' (Dsc. a. o., because of its medic. effect against spleen; Strömberg Pfl. 86, where ἀ- is wrongy interpreted as prothetic, cf. Vitr. I 4, 10).Derivatives: 1. σπλην-ίον n., - ίσκον n., - ίσκος m., - άριον n. `compress' (Hp., Dsc., Samos IVa); - ίον also as name of several plants (Dsc.; cf. ἄσπληνον ab.). 2. - ίτης, f. - ῖτις `belonging to the spleen, disease of the spleen' (Medic.; Redard 104 a. 102 f.). 3. - ικός `belonging to the spleen, splenetic' (Hp., hell. com. etc.), - ώδης `id.' (Hp.). 4. - ιάω `to be splenetic' (Arist. a. o.). -- Beside it σπλάγχνα n. pl. `interior organs (heart, liver, lungs, kidneys), intestines' (Il.), rarely and second. sg. as des. of individual organs (A., Pl., Arist.), metaph. (pl. a. sg.) "heart" = `mental state' (trag.), `compassion, commiseration, charity' (LXX, NT; coloured by Semitic). As 1. member a. o. in σπλαγχνο-φάγος `eating intestines' (LXX a.o.); often as 2. member, e.g. εὔ-σπλαγχνος `having healthy intestines' (Hp.), `compassionate' (LXX, NT). From it 1. σπλαγχν-ίδια n. pl. dimin. (Diph.). 2. - ίδης ( UPZ 89, 3 a. 13) form a. meaning doubted; cf. Wilcken ad loc. 3. - ικός `belonging to σ.' (Dsc., pap.). 4. - ίζομαι `to commiserate' (LXX, NT); - ίζω, - εύω `to consume intestines' (Cos IVa, LXX resp. Ar. a. o.) with - ισμός m. (LXX); - εύω, - εύομαι `to predict from intestines' (Str.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [987] *spl(ē)ngh- `spleen'Etymology: On the meaning of σπλήν and σπλάγχνα Egli Heteroklisie 44 ff. (not in all respects convincing); on Σπλήν as PN Bechtel Namenstud. 43 ff. With σπλήν cf. other names of body-parts as φρήν, ἀδήν, αὑχήν etc., which however all inflect with ablaut ( φρεν-ός etc. as against σπλην-ός). -- Several IE designtions of the spleen show in spite of great phonetic variation an clear similarity, which cannot be accidental. The basic word has because of association with other words, prob. also through taboo (Havers Sprachtabu 64, Specht Ursprung 77 n. 3) known strong changes. Thus Skt. plīhán- against Lat. liēn with common vocalization and stemformation but deviating anlaut; Av. spǝrǝzan-, also n-stem, but with zero grade (IE l̥) and initial sp-; the words mentioned have also IE ǵh before the suffix (Lat. liēn from * lihēn). Besides these, with stronger deviations, Arm. p'aycaɫn, OIr. selg, Lith. blužnìs, S.-CSl. slězena etc. -- As a reconstruction in detail is impossible, only suppositions are possible. We should start from *σπληχ-, *σπλαχ- (= Av. spǝrǝz-an-) with ν-stem as liēn etc. By anticipation of the nasal we get σπλα-γ-χ-ν-; further σπλήν haplological for *σπληχ-ήν (after monosyll. φρήν) or from *σπλη-γ-χ[ν]-? -- More w. lit. in WP. 2, 680, Pok. 987, W.-Hofmann s. liēn, Mayrhofer s. plīhā́, Vasmer s. selezënka. On σπλήν and σπλάγχνα also Egli l. c. and Schwyzer 489 w. n. 1. Older lit. also in Bq. -- Lat. LW [loanword] splēn (Engl. spleen etc.).Page in Frisk: 2,769-770Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπληνός
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18 ἐρωή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: 1. `rush, impulse, force, throw', in the Il. mostly of spears ( δουρός, βελέων ἐ.), also of men ( ἀνδρός, λικμητῆρος, Πηνελέοιο), after Hom. of other objects ( πετράων A. R. 4, 1657, πυρός AP 9, 490, γαστρός Opp. K. 3, 175, περὶ Κύπριν AP 10, 112). 2. `withdrawal, rest', in the Il. of battle ( πολέμου Π 302, Ρ 761), thus Theoc. 22, 192 ( μάχης), also δακρύων (Mosch. 4, 40) and absolute `rescue' (D. P. 601).Derivatives: Beside it ἐρωέω, aor. ἐρωῆσαι 1. intr. `draw back, withdraw, leave, rest from', also with ἀπ-, ἐξ-, ὑπ-, mostly with ablat. gen. πολέμοιο, χάρμης (Il.), καμάτοιο (h. Cer. 301) a. o., also absol. `escape a disease' (Nic.); 2. trans. `force back, push back' (Ν 57, Theoc., Call.), also `quit' (Theoc.); also of blood αἶμα κελαινὸν ἐρωήσει περὶ δουρί (Α 303 = π 441), translated with `flow, stream'. - From ἐρωέω: ἐρωΐα f. `respite, rest' (Theoc. 30, 9); from ἀπερωέω: ἀπερωεύς `who hinders, who frustrates' ( ἐμῶν μενέων Θ 361; diff. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 29).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [338] *h₁reh₁-u̯- `rest', and?Etymology: Since Fick KZ 22, 375 two homonyms are distinguished. 1. ἐρωή `Schwung etc.' with ἐρωέω `flow, stream' (Α 303 = π 441) from IE. *rōs-ā́ in Germ., MLG. rās n. `strong flow', OE. rǣs m. `run, attack', ON rās f. `run', IE. * rēs-o-, -ā; ON rasa `fall down' with ras n. `falling down', NHG rasen, IE * rǝs-; cf. Persson KZ 48, 132f. Lat. rōrāriī pl. `lightly armed skirmishers, who start battle with slings' from * rōsā `Schwung, throw' = ἐρωή. - 2. ἐρωή `rest' with ἐρωέω `rest etc.' from IE *rōu̯ā́ = Germ., OHG ruowa, OE row, ON rō f. `rest'; beside OHG rāwa `id.', IE *rēu̯ā; other, partly doubtful connections in WP. 1, 149ff. and. 1, 144, Pok. 336, 338. - This presentation must be controlled; note that ἐρωή `Schwung etc.' and the verb ἐρωέω `rest etc.' is much more frquent than ἐρωή `rest' and notably ἐρωέω `streamen (?)'. - To be rejected Boßhardt l. c.: ἐρωή `rest' to ἐρύκω, ἐρύω, ἐρύομαι and zu ἐρητύω.Page in Frisk: 1,573Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρωή
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19 μέλπω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `celebrate with song and dance, sing, dance', - ομαι (Il.), posthom. (ep. lyr.) aor. μέλψαι, - ασθαι, fut. μέλψω, - ομαι, (see Bielohlawek WienStud. 44, 1ff., 125ff.)Derivatives: μέλπηθρα n. pl. `plaything' (Il.), μελπήτωρ, - ορος m. `singer'; μολπή f. `(play with) song and dance' (Il.) with μολπαῖος adjunct of ἀοιδή (Erinn.), μολπηδόν `as a μ.' (A. Pers. 389), μολπᾶτις f. (Dor.) apposition to κερκίς `singer (fem.)' (AP), μολπάζω `sing (of)' (Ar.), from where μολπαστάς m. (Dor.) `singer, dancer' (AP), μολπάστρια = συμπαίκτρια H.; μολποί m. pl. guild of singers in Miletos with μολπικοί `id.' (Va).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: No etymology. If somehow connected with μέλος (e.g. Diehl RhM 89, 92 f.), we must in any case start from the orig. meaning `member', not from the secondary `song'. Wide reaching speculations by Szemerényi Emer. 22, 169ff. On the supposed connection with a few Celt. words, e.g. OIr. - molor `I praise', Welsh mawl `praise' (Stokes IF 12, 191) s. WP. 2, 292.Page in Frisk: 2,204Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέλπω
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20 ναίω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `live, inhabit', rare `be situated' (in this meaning also midd. εὖ ναιόμενος), aor. `give as house, settle', pass. `settle (oneself)' (Il.).Derivatives: Enlarged ναιετάω, also with περι-, μετα-, παρα-, `live, inhabit', also `be situated', esp. in εὖ ναιετάων `well established, situated' (Il.); on the discussed formation Schwyzer 705, Leumann Hom. Wörter 1, 182 ff., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 358. -- Besides from the presentstem, partly also backformed from ναιετάω, περι-, μετα-ναιέται m. pl. `who live around, with' (Ω 488 a. A. R. 4, 470 resp. Hes. Th. 401), ἁλι-ναιέται `who live on the sea' (B. 16, 97); ἐν-ναέται `inhabitant' (Isyll., A. R.), f. - έτις (A. R.). Simplex ναέτης, Dor. - τας `inhabitant' (poet. since Simon.), f. ναιέτις (Call.); second. ( ἐν-)ναετήρ m. `id.' (AP), f. ἐνναέτειρα ( APl.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: On μετανάστης s. v. The causative meaning of νάσσαι is prob. arisen from the opposition to intr. νασθῆναι. The meaning `be situated', often with ναιετάω, esp. in εὖ ναιετάων, rarely with ναίω, is not convincingly explained; perh. we must start from the ptc. εὖ ναιετάων prop. `where one lives well' with the same shift as e.g. in ὁ ἐπιβάλλων `whom it is well' w.o. (type café chantant, s. Debrunner Mus. Helv. 1, 31 ff.); from the ptc. the use might have shifted to the finite forms, sometimes to the primary ναίω. Leumann Hom. Wörter 191 ff. tries to explain the remarkable meaning from a wrong interpretation of Γ 387; against this Fraenkel Gnomon 23, 374. The verbal stem νασ- ( ναίω \< *νάσ-ι̯ω) is isolated. Usu. it is, but with doubtful right, considered as a reduced grade of νεσ- in νέομαι (to which belongs νόστος and also ἄσμενος?); s. there w. further lit. Rejected by Kretschmer Glotta 3, 337. Cf. ναός. - νασ- may be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ναίω
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