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1 ἑαρα
Grammatical information: pl.?Meaning: unknown (IG 12: 3, 450a 1, old-Theraean); cf. ἐαρόν λουτῆρα η πρόχουν H.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Page in Frisk: 1,433Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἑαρα
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2 εἴργω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: ( εἵργω), εἴργνυμι, ep. ἐέργω, ἐέργνυμι, ep. ion. ἔργω, ἔργνυμι, aor. 1. εἶρξαι ( εἷρ-, ἔρ-, ἕρ-), aor. 2. κατ-ΕϜοργον (Cypr.), pass. εἰρχθῆναι ( εἱρ- etc.), fut. εἴρξω ( εἵρξω, Heracl. ἀφ-, ἐφ-έρξοντι, συν-hέρξοντι), perf. med. εἶργμαι, ἔεργμαι ( ἔργμαι), ep. 3. plur. ἔρχαται, - ατο with the lengthening ἐρχατόωντο ξ 15 (s. Leumann Hom. Wörter179ff.), lengthened pret. εἰργαθεῖν (- άθειν?; Schwyzer 703 m. n. 6)Derivatives: εἱρκτή ( ἐρ-), often plur. `inclosure, prison, women's appartments' (Ion.-Att.); εἱργμός `prison' (Pl.); ( σύν-, κάθ-, ἔξ-)εἷρξις `shutting in etc.' (Pl.) with - ειρκτικός; ἄφ-ερκτος `shut out' (A. Ch. 446 [lyr.]).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1154] *h₁u̯erg- `shut in, press'Etymology: Except the zero grade thematic aorist Cypr. κατ-ÉϜοργον (- έ- or - ή-, Schwyzer 653 β) all forms, including the nouns, go back on full grade ἐ-(Ϝ)έργω, εἴργω; the aspiration in εἷρξαι, ἕρξω, εἵργω etc. acc. to Sommer Lautstud. 127f. arose before voiceless ρ in ἑρκτ-, ἑρξ- (?). Details in Solmsen Unt. 221ff. - Nothing comparable in the other languages. Cognates perh. in opt. Av. vǝrǝz-yąn `they should shut out' and in Lith. veržiù, ver̃žti `narrow in, string, press' (Fraenkel KZ 72, 193ff.). Semantically unclear some Indo-Iranian nouns: Skt. vr̥jána- n. `fencing in' = Av. vǝrǝzǝ̄na-, varǝzāna- `community', OP. vardana- `town' (from where as a loan Skt. vardhana- `id.', Wackernagel-Debrunner KZ 67, 168; wrong Hall Lang. 12, 297ff.), Skt. vrajá- m. `fence'; unclear also an Irish word for `wall etc.', OIr. fraig, NIr. fraigh `wall of wickerwork, roof, fence'.Page in Frisk: 1,465-466Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εἴργω
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3 εἴρω 1
εἴρω 1.Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `knit together',Other forms: mostly present, aor. εἶραι, ἔρσαι (Ion.-Att.; cf. Schwyzer 753), perf. med. Ptz. ἐερμένος, εἰρμένος (Ion. etc.), plusquamperf. ἔερτο (Hom.), perf. act. δι-εῖρκα (X.) `fit together', mostly with prefix, esp. συν-είρωDerivatives: ἕρματα pl. `earhangers' (Od.), `sling' (Ael.), also καθέρματα (Anacr.); ἔνερσις ( ἐνείρω) `fit together' (Th. 1, 6), δίερσις `sting through' (hell.); from present εἱρμός `connecting' (Arist.; on spir. asper s. below), συνειρμός (Demetr. Eloc. 180); - with ο-Ablaut ὅρμος `chain, collar' (s. v.), from where ὁρμιά, ὁρμαθός.Etymology: Beside the Jot present εἴρω (as simplex only Pi. and Arist.), with full grade, Latin has serō; this etymology supposes, that εἴρω lost the spir. asper, which is understandable as the simplex is rare compared with συν-είρω etc.; an aspirated εἵρω is mentioned by EM 304, 30 (s. Solmsen Unt. 292 n. 2). Also the verbal nouns may have the old aspir., if it did not arise sec. before ρμ (cf. Schwyzer 306). - Traces of the verb and nouns in: Italic, Osc. aserum `asserere', in Celtic OIr. sern(a)id `serit', nasal present, coincided with sern(a)id `sternit' (Thurneysen Grammar 133); further the nouns Skt. sarat f. `thread' (Lex.), OLith. sėris `thread'; further OWNo. sørvi n. `collar' (PGm. *saru̯ii̯a-), from where the old Germ. word for `weapon, equipment', e. g. Goth. sarwa n. pl. (PGm. *saru̯a-, IE *sor-u̯o-; with * sor-mo- parallel to ὅρμος); also Toch. A sark, B serke m. `wreath' (Schneider KZ 66, 259, Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 161; IE * sor-ko-, * sor-g(h)o-). - The parallel ἔνερσις = inserti-ō is due to parallel innovation. - Diff. on εἴρω Sommer Lautstud. 134. - W.-Hofmann s. serō.Page in Frisk: 1,469Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εἴρω 1
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4 ἔμπαιος 2
ἔμπαιος 2Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `experienced, skilful' (υ 379, φ 400; Lyc. 1321).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]X [probably]Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔμπαιος 2
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5 ἐμύς
ἐμύς, - ύδοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `sweet water-tortoise' (Arist.) (in LSJ only in Suppl.)Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: S. Chantraine Formation 126 and 347; origin unknown. Sommer Lautstud. 100 derives it from ἐμέω because the animal, when breathing out below the water-level lets go continuously air-bubbles. But - ud- is not an IE suffix, so prob. a Pre-Greek word; s. Chantr. Form. 348 πηλαμύς "sans doute prèhellénique," χλαμύς "arrangement d'un mot emprunté.") Cf. Beekes Pre-Greek suff. - υδ-. It has apparently escaped researchers that there are two forms; this prob. points to Pre-Greek origin (Fur. 346f.), though I cannot explain the variation ἀ-\/ἐ-. There is no support for the suggestion that πηλαμύς is compounded with it (which would make no difference for the interpretation). - So not to Celtic with Stokes BB 21, 132.Page in Frisk: 1,508Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐμύς
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6 ἑορτή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `feast, religious faest' (Od.).Dialectal forms: Ion. ὁρτή (with hyphaeresis)Compounds: As 2. member in φιλ-έορτος (Ar. in lyr.) a. o.Derivatives: Adj. ἑορταῖος `belonging to the feast' (D. H.), ἑορτώδης `festal' (J., Ph.) and denomin. ἑορτάζω, ὁρτάζω `celebrate a feast' (Ion.-Att.) with ἑόρτασις (Pl.), - ιμος (J. ; Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 87), ἑόρτασμα (LXX), ἑορταστής (Poll., Max. Tyr.), ἑορταστικός `fitting to a feast' (Pl. Lg. 829b u. a.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Verbal noun in - τή (Schwyzer 501, Chantraine Formation 301f.), but without further cognate. Acc. to Sonne KZ 13, 442 n. from *Ϝε-Ϝορ-τή to ἔροτις, ἔρανος (s. v.); s. also Brugmann IF 13, 155ff. ἦρα etc. (s. v.). See Solmsen Unt. 257, on the spir. asper Sommer Lautstud. 124ff.Page in Frisk: 1,531Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἑορτή
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7 ἔρδω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `do, make, complete', also `sacrifice';Other forms: Aor. ἔρξαι (Cypr. ἔϜερξα), perf. ἔοργα (Il.), med. ἐ]ργμένος (B. 12, 207; uncertain), fut. ἔρξω (Od.)Derivatives: ἔργμα `deed' (h. Hom., Archil.; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 268), ἕρκτωρ `perpetrator' (Antim.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1168] *u̯erǵ- `work'Etymology: The present (Ϝ)έρδω (Cret. βέρδηι; cf. Schwyzer 224; on the digamma also Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 135; on the sec. aspiration in ἕρδω ibid.1, 187f., Sommer Lautstud. 131) can through *Ϝέρzδω go back on *Ϝέργι̯ω and differs only im ablaut from the weak-grade. Jot presents Av. vǝrǝzyeiti = Goth. waurkeiÞ, OHG wurchit, IE *u̯r̥ǵ-i̯eti. The full grade from (Ϝ)έργον; thus OS wirkiu after werk; cf. Schwyzer 716 n. 2. - The non-present forms show the expected full grade with regular o- in the perfekt. Cf. ῥέζω.Page in Frisk: 1,549Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔρδω
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8 εὐθενέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `thrive, flourish', of animals and plants, also metaph. of towns, peoples etc. (A., Arist.);Compounds: as 1. member in εὐθηνι-άρχης `commissioner of (corn)supply' with - αρχέω, - ία, - ικός (pap.; also εὑθενι-).Derivatives: εὐθένεια, - ία (- ίη Epigr. Ia) `thriving situation, fullness, supply, annona' (Arist. as v. l. beside εὐθηνία, pap. of Rom. times) with εὐθενιακός (pap.). - Also εὐθηνέω `id.' (h. Hom. 30, 10, Hdt., Hp.) with εὐθηνία = εὐθενεια, - ία (Arist. as v. l.); - rare and late adj.: εὐθενής εὐπαθοῦσα, ἰσχυρά H. with εὐθενέστατος (pap. VIp), εὐθηνός `thriving' (Hdn. Epim. 175, Lyd. Ost. [VIp]).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The explanation depends of the relation between these forms. If the forms with - ε- are original, εὐθενέω will be a denominative of εὐθενής, to which was made the abstract εὐθένεια, - ία. We would have to start from a noun *θένος besie φόνος in the ἅπ. λεγ. φόνον αἵματος (Π 162), if this is `mass of blood', which is not certain, s. s. v. That would give *θένος: εὐθενής: εὐθένεια: εὐθενέω like μένος: εὐμενής: εὐμένεια: εὐμενέω. But εὐθενής is rare and late, while εὐθενέω is older. Then the agreement with Skt. ā-hanás- `thriving, full' (Bechtel Lex. 78f. with Fick BB 8, 330), IE *- gʷhenes- becomes doubtfull. To ā-hanás- and εὑ-θενής are further connected Skt. ghana- `solid, thick, full of' (ep. class.; very doubtfull RV. 1, 8, 3), NPers. ā-ganiš `full', ā-gandan `fill on'; from Balto-Slavic further Lith. ganà `enough', OCS goněti `be enough'; finally Alb. zânë `solid, thick', IE * gʷhen- (Jokl Mélanges Pedersen 131) and Arm. y-ogn `multum, very, much' (the last quite uncertain). Unclear are PN in - φόντης as Κρεσ-φόντης (cf. on κράτος), Πολυ-φόντης as well as φανᾶν θέλειν H. Far remain the unclear ἄφενος and παρθένος (s. vv.). The - η- in εὐθηνέω etc. can be old lengthened grade; secondary lengthening (after κτῆνος, μῆλα etc.?; Fraenkel Lexis 3, 61) cannot be excluded. - If we assume an original η-vowel, εὑθενέω could be a comparable derailment (after σθένος?; Sommer Lautstud. 66) or old weak grade (Schwyzer 340f.); Gr. *θῆνος has been compared with Lat. fēnus `produce' (to fē-līx, s. θῆλυς, and θῆ-σθαι) which could be phonetically and semantically identical (cf. Fick 1, 415, Froehde BB 21, 326f.), if the connection with Skt. ā-hanás- etc. is given up. - See Bq s. v., Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. ganà.Page in Frisk: 1,586-587Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εὐθενέω
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9 ἕως 1
ἕως 1. -ωGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `dawn, day-break' (Il.).Compounds: As 1. member in ἑωσ-φόρος, Dor. ἀωσ-φόρος `bringer of dawn, morning-star' (Ψ 226, Pi. I. 4 (3), 24); see Wackernagel Unt. 100ff., where Hom. ἑωσ-φόρος is considered as ep. Atticism; s. also Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 72 and (with improbable hypothesis) Schwyzer 440 n. 8.Derivatives: ἑώϊος, ἑῳ̃ος, ἠοῖος, ἠῳ̃ος (see Wackernagel Unt. 106f.) `of the morning, eastern' (Il.), ἕωλος `belonging to dawn, a night long', of food etc. (Att. etc.; on the pejorative λ-suffix Chantraine Formation 239); adv. ἕωθεν, ep. ἠῶθεν, Dor. ἀῶθεν `from the morning on, early in the morning' (Il.) with ἑωθινός `of the morning' (Hdt., Hp.; cf. Wackernagel Unt. 104 w. n. 1, Schwyzer 490); Hom. ἠῶθι in ἠῶθι πρό `early in the morning'; explanation uncertain, cf. Schwyzer 628 n. 6, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 246.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [86] *h₂eus-ōs `dawn'Etymology: The barytonesis in ἕως as against ἠώς Wackernagel, Gött. Nachr. 1914, 49ff. (= Kl. Schr. 2, 1151ff.) thinks to explain from frequent ἕωθεν, where it is regular (Schwyzer 383). The aspiration will be due to replacement as in εὕω (Schwyzer 219; after Sommer Lautstud. 11f. however from ἑσπέρα). - PGr. *ἀ̄Ϝώς for *ἀυhώς \< IE *h₂eusṓs and is identical with Lat. aurōr-a (except the added -ā, cf. flōs: Flōr-a). Witɦ zero grade Skt. uṣā́s f. `dawn' \< *h₂usṓs. A corresponding r-stem, IE * h₂eus-r-, h₂us-r-, is seen in αὔριον (s. v.) with ἄγχ-αυρος `near the morning' (A. R. 4, 111), in Lith. aušr-à `dawn', Skt. usr-á- `of the morning', uṣar-búdh- `waking at dawn'. Of the other cognates be mentioned OCS za ustra `at dawn', Germ., e. g. OHG ōst(a)ra, -ūn `Easter'. - An ablauting full grade, *h₂u̯es-r-, in e. g. Skt. vasar-hā́ (RV. 1, 122,3), of the wind, meaning uncertain, vāsar-á- `of the morning', Celt., e. g. MIr. fāir `sunrise', IE *h₂u̯ōsr-i-. There is a sḱ-present, Skt. uccháti = Av. usaiti `lights up (of the morning)', IE *h₂us-sḱ-éti, with the full grade athematic root-aorist a-vas-ran. Uncertain Hitt. uškizzi (= [ usketsi]) `he sees' from auš-zi `he sees', 2. sg. autti (= au-ti). - More forms W.-Hofmann 1, 86 a. 87, Pok. 86f.; also Burger REIE 1, 447ff. - Cf. ἠϊκανός.Page in Frisk: 1,605-606Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἕως 1
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10 ζειαί
Grammatical information: f. pl.Meaning: `one-sided wheat, spelt, Triticum monococcum' (Od., Hdt.), hell. and late also sg. ζειά (Thphr.), ζεά ( ζέα), -η (pap. IIIa, D. H.; Dsc. and Gal. as v. l.).Compounds: As 1. member in ζεί-δωρος `giving spelt (wheat)' (Il.; of ἄρουρα), ζεό-πυρον n. `kind of Triticum' (Gal.); as 2. member in φυσί-ζοος `producing wheat' (Hom., Orac. ap. Hdt. 1, 67; of αἶα), Οἰσε-ζέα PN (Lesb.). Both as 1. and as 2. member ζει-, - ζοος were early (Emp., A.) associated with ζῆν, ζωή and understood as `lifegiving'.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [512] *i̯eu̯h₁-`wheat, spelt'Etymology: Clearly to Skt. yáva-, Av. yava- m. `wheat etc.', Lith. pl. javaĩ `wheat', sg. jãvas. If the diphthong in ζειαί is real, we have to start from PGr. *ζεϜ-ι̯ᾰ (Sommer Lautstud. 153f., s. Schulze Q. 288 n. 4), so a ιᾰ-deriv. of IE. *i̯eu̯o- in Skt. yáva- etc. The monophthongal forms would be secondary. But if ζειαι has metric lengthening for ζε(Ϝ)αί (with the epic orthography retained in this prob. purely literary word), the Greek word agrees with the Indo-Iranian and Lithuanian word. The 2. member - ζο(Ϝ)ος (with regular ο-ablaut) speaks against a ι̯ᾰ-deriv. The 1. member ζει- may stand for ζε(Ϝ)ε- (from *i̯eu̯h₁-). Cf. δηαί. - Cf. Bq and WP., Pok. 512, Bechtel Lexilogus s. ζείδωρος, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 31.Page in Frisk: 1,608-609Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ζειαί
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11 ζημία
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `loss, damage, penalty' (Ion.-Att.).Dialectal forms: Dor. ζᾱμίαDerivatives: ζημιώδης `damaging' (Pl., X.) and the denomin. ζημιόω `damage, punish' (IA) with ζημίωμα `penalty, fine, loss' (Pl., X.), - ωσις `punishment' (Arist.), - ωτής `executioner' (Eust., Sch.), - ωτικός `subject to a ζ.' (Vett. Val.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Uncertain. Sommer Lautstud. 157f. connected ζη-μία with ζῆλος, ζητέω, δίζημαι (s. vv.); to ζῆλος `zeal': ζημία `fine' cf. OE anda `zeal', OHG antōn `punish'. Kuiper Glotta 21, 281f. connected Skt. dīná-, Gr. δειλός s. v.; IE dei̯ā-).Page in Frisk: 1,613Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ζημία
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12 ζητέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `search, research, inquire, investigate' (Ξ 258),Other forms: Aor. ζητῆσαι, ζητηθῆναι (Ion.-Att.), perf. ἐζήτηκα (Din.); Dor. ptc. ζάτεισα (Theoc. 1, 85)Derivatives: Also ζητεύω (Hes., h. Hom.), ζατεύω (Alcm.). - Deriv. ( ἀνα-, ἐκ-, ἐπι-, συ-)ζήτησις `search out, inquire, consideration' (IA) with ζητήσιμος (X.; s. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 63); ( ἐπι)ζήτημα `inquiry' (IA) with ζητημάτιον (Arr., Lib.), ζητηματικός (sch.); ( ἐκ-, συ-)ζητητής `researcher', in plur. name of a juridical official in Athens (Att.) with ( ἐπι-, συ-)ζητητικός `prepared to inquire' (Att.). - On ζητήρ, ζητρός s. v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Formation like αἰτέω, δατέομαι, ἀρτάω etc. (Schwyzer 705f.), so from a nominal τ-stem; cf. esp. Arc. ζατός (IG 5: 2, 4, 22). The primary verb in reduplicated δίζημαι (Sommer Lautstud. 157f.); s. v. and ζῆλος, and ζημία. - Older Bq.Page in Frisk: 1,613Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ζητέω
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13 ζίζυφον
Grammatical information: n.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Orient.Etymology: Origin unknown. From Greek comes Fr. jujube (from where MLat. jujuba), perhaps also Syr. zūzfā; s. Sommer Lautstud. 154, W.-Hofmann s. jujuba. I see no reason for Szemerényi's suggestion (from Durante, AION-L 8 (1968) 25f) for original *ζυζυφον. Barnhart, Dict. of Etym., 1988, says that it comes from Persian zayzafūn. It could be Pre-Greek (cf. σέσυφος, Σῑ́συφος).Page in Frisk: 1,614Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ζίζυφον
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14 ζῦθος
Grammatical information: m. n.Meaning: `Egyptian or northern (LSJ) beer' (Thphr., Str.; The Egyptians did not kmow the wine acc. to Hdt. 2, 77, but this is wrong (Masson, RPh. 1962, 50), A. Supp. 952f.).Derivatives: ζύθιον ἀλφίτου πόσις H., ζυτᾶς `brewer', ζυτηρά `beer-tax', ζυτικός, n. - όν `id.' (pap.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably] Egypt.Etymology: The meaning suggests Egyptian origin (Sommer Lautstud. 153, Peruzzi Humanitas 1, 138f., Nencione, St. It. Fil Class. 16 (1939) 21 n. 2). The comparison with ζύμη might point to IE origin (Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 143, also Specht Ursprung 255). The variation θ\/τ seems to point to Pre-Greek, but I see no confirmation. A Greek suffix - θος is doubtful, cf. Chantraine, Form. 365-8. Henning ( BSOAS 11 (1949) 720 and 28 (1965) 245) thinks that the word was taken from Scythian, cf. Sogd. zwtk (read: zute) `alcoholic drink, beer', as in the case of ἀκινάκης.Page in Frisk: 1,616Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ζῦθος
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15 ζωμός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `sauce, soup' (Asios, Ar., Arist.).Compounds: Rarely in compp., e.g. εὔ-ζωμον n. `Eruca sativa' (Thphr.; prop. `making good sauce'; cf. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 107).Derivatives: Dimin. ζωμίον (pap. IIa), - ίδιον (Ar.), - άριον (med.); ζωμίλη ἄνηθον (`dill') H., Phot. (on the formation Chantraine Formation 249). Denomin. verb ζωμεύω `boil into soup' (Ar., Hp.) with ζωμεύματα pl. `soups' (Ar. Eq. 279; cf. Chantraine 188).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Generally connected with ζύμη but ablaut ō(u): ū (Schwyzer 346) is improbable, on the suffix μο- Schwyzer 492, Chantraine 132ff. Diff. (to ζέω) Bréal MSL 12, 314f.; against this Sommer Lautstud. 153. - See on ζύμη.Page in Frisk: 1,617Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ζωμός
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16 ζωρός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `vehement, strong, unmixed', of wine (Ι 203).Compounds: Compp., e. g. ζωρο-πότης `drinker of unmixed wine' (late), εὔ-ζωρος `completely unmixed' (Ion.-Att.).Etymology: Uncertain. Solmsen IF 14, 426 compared with OCS jarъ `strong, hard, serious'. Diff. Sommer Lautstud. 157 ( ζώ-ω, ζῆν) and WP. 1, 775 ( ζῆλος, ζητέω); s. on ἐπιζαρέω. I see no objection to the Slavic etymology.Page in Frisk: 1,618Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ζωρός
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17 ᾖα 2
ᾖα 2.Grammatical information: n. pl.Meaning: `heap of husks or chaff' (ε 368, Pherecr. 161), = ἄχυρα H.; vgl. εἰαί τῶν ὀσπρίων τὰ ἀποκαθάρματα; εἶοι ὀσπρίων τὰ καθάρσια H. Here also ἤϊα κριθάων = ἄλευρα (Nic. Al. 412) "mais le sens ne s'impose pas" DELG.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Unexplained. Improbable Thumb KZ 36, 179ff., Sommer Lautstud. 154 n. 1 (after Peppmüller BB 3, 92); s. Bq.Page in Frisk: 1,625Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ᾖα 2
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18 θρᾱνύσσω
θρᾱνύσσωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `crush',Other forms: only aor. ptc. θρανύξαντες (Lyk. 664); συν-θρᾱνόω `id.', only perf. pass. συντεθράνωται (E. Ba. 633; = συμπέπτωκε H.);Derivatives: cf. also θρανεύεται συντρίβεται H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Relation to the noun *θραυσ-ανό-ς, from θραύω (Sütterlin Denom. 107, Solmsen Unt. 88), arouses, though theoretically possible, for this expressive word little confidence, cf. Sommer Lautstud. 64f. More probable seems ( pace Sommer l. c.), connection with θρανεύω `stretch on the tanner's bench', which H. glosses as συντρίβεται. So a change of meaning `tann (torture)' \> `crush' together with the formal transformation (after ἀμύσσω, νύσσω a. o.?, Sommer a. a. O., Debrunner IF 21, 243). See θρᾶνος.Page in Frisk: 1,679Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θρᾱνύσσω
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19 θρίαμβος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: name of hymns sung at the feasts for Dionysos (Cratin. 36), also said of the god ( Trag. Adesp. 140 u. a.); hell.also rendering of Lat. triumphus (Plb., D. S.);Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Formation like διθύραμβος, ἴαμβος (s. vv.) and like these prob. Pre-Greek. Often (after Sommer Lautstud. 58ff.) connected with the numeral `three' ("Dreischritt" v.t.), which is impossible. Extensive treatment by v. Windekens Orbis 2, 489ff., who takes θρίαμβος as (Indo-European) "Pelasgian" and gives a quite arbitrary IE etymology. - Acc. to Sturtevant ClassPhil. 5, 323ff. from θριάζω, θρίασις influenced by ἴαμβος; further Theander Eranos 15, 126 n. 1. - Fur.191 connects τριάζω `conquer'. Clearly a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 1,682-683Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θρίαμβος
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20 θρῖναξ
θρῖναξ, - ακοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `three-pronged fork, trident' (Ar., Tab. Heracl. 1, 5, Nic.).Derivatives: From there Θρινακίη f. "fork-island", name of a mythical island (Od.), later identified with Sicily, through folketymology changed to Τρινακρία ( τρία ἄκρα); also Θρινακίς f. (Str.); adj. Θρινάκιος `Sicilian' (Nic.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Technical word in - ᾰξ (Chantraine Formation 377ff.). Mostly interpreted as a compound with τρι- `three': acc. to Sommer Lautstud. 55ff. from IE * tri-snak- (to Eng. snag `tooth' etc.); after Kretschmer BphW 1906, 55 from *trisn-aḱ `with three points' (IE * tris-no- = Lat. ternī); acc. to Geffcken-Herbig Glotta 9, 103f. from * tri-snak- to νάκη, νάκος (?). - Or to θρῖον `fig-leaf' (because of the form)?; cf. also θρινία ἄμπελος ἐν Κρήτῃ H. - The IE etymologies have failed. Fur. 189 compares τρίναξ `an instrument in agriculture'; note also the frequent suffix - ακ-Page in Frisk: 1,683-684Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θρῖναξ
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