-
81 esteriore
m noun adj exterior, outside* * *esteriore agg.1 outward (attr.); outside (attr.); exterior; outer (attr.); ( materiale) physical, material: aspetto esteriore, outward appearance; il mondo esteriore, the outside (o physical) world; muro esteriore, external (o outer o exterior) wall2 ( superficiale) superficial, external: la sua generosità è solo esteriore, his generosity is only superficial◆ s.m. exterior; outside; ( apparenza) outward appearance; appearances (pl.); looks (pl.): non giudicare alcun uomo dall'esteriore, don't judge any man by his outward appearance; non badare solo all'esteriore, don't just take appearances into account.* * *[este'rjore]1) [realtà, mondo] external, outward, outer, outside; (relativo all'aspetto fisico)aspetto esteriore — external o outward appearance
2) fig. (apparente, superficiale) outward, superficial* * *esteriore/este'rjore/1 [realtà, mondo] external, outward, outer, outside; (relativo all'aspetto fisico) aspetto esteriore external o outward appearance2 fig. (apparente, superficiale) outward, superficial. -
82 homme
homme [ɔm]masculine noun• approche si tu es un homme ! come on if you're a man!• parler d'homme à homme to have a man-to-man talk (PROV) un homme averti en vaut deux(PROV) forewarned is forearmed* * *ɔmnom masculin1) ( espèce)2) ( genre humain)3) ( être humain) human beingun homme à la mer! — Nautisme man overboard!
4) ( adulte de sexe masculin) man•Phrasal Verbs:••un homme averti en vaut deux — Proverbe forewarned is forearmed
* * *ɔm nm1) (individu, personne) man2) (= espèce humaine)l'homme — man, mankind
* * *homme nm3 ( être humain) human being; digne du nom d'homme fit to be called human; la santé/les maladies de l'homme human health/diseases; la société des hommes human society; trop d'hommes sur la Terre too many people on Earth; un homme à la mer! Naut man overboard!; comme un seul homme as one;4 ( adulte de sexe masculin) man; sois un homme be a man; un homme fait a grown man; vélo/métier d'homme man's bicycle/job; parler d'homme à homme to speak man to man;5 ( sorte d'individu) vieil/brave homme old/good man; homme de talent man of talent; homme de génie (man of) genius; l'homme de la réunification the man who achieved reunification; l'homme de la situation the right man for the job; c'est un homme à fuir he's a man to be avoided; voilà ton homme ( que tu cherchais) that's your man; ( qui convient) he's the man for you; être l'homme de confiance de qn to be sb's right-hand man; il n'est pas homme à se venger he's not the type of man to want revenge; l'homme du jour the man of the moment;6 ○(mari, amant) man○; c'est mon homme he's my man○.homme d'action man of action; homme d'affaires businessman; homme d'armes man-at-arms; homme de l'art gén expert; ( médecin) doctor; homme de barre Naut helmsman; homme de bien philanthropist; homme des bois Anthrop wild man; Zool† orang-utang; homme des cavernes caveman; l'homme des cavernes était un chasseur the cavemen were hunters; homme d'Église man of the cloth; homme d'épée Mil soldier; homme d'équipage Naut crewman; avec 10 hommes d'équipage with a crew of 10; homme d'esprit wit; homme d'État Pol statesman; homme d'expérience man of experience; homme à femmes womanizer; homme fort Pol key man; homme au foyer Sociol house-husband; homme d'honneur man of honourGB; homme de journée Sociol day labourerGB; homme de lettres man of letters; homme de loi lawyer; homme de main hired hand; homme de ménage (male) cleaner; homme de mer seaman; homme du monde gentleman; homme de l'ombre behind-the-scenes operator; homme de paille front, straw man US; homme de parole man of his word; homme de peine labourerGB; homme de peu contemptible individual; homme du peuple man of the people; homme de plume writer; homme politique Pol politician; homme de presse Presse pressman; homme de qualité† gentleman; homme de robe lawyer; l'homme de la rue the man in the street; homme de science scientist; homme de terrain man with practical experience; Pol grass-roots politician; homme à tout faire handyman; homme de troupe Mil private; hommes en blanc journ surgeons.un homme averti en vaut deux Prov forewarned is forearmed.[ɔm] nom masculin1. [individu de sexe masculin] manil est homme à démissionner si besoin est he's the sort (of man ou person) who'll resign if necessarytrouver son homme [pour un travail] to find one's mansi vous voulez quelqu'un de tenace, Lambert est votre homme if you want somebody who'll stick at it, then Lambert's just the personhomme d'Église man of the Church ou clothhomme de science scientist, man of scienceles hommes naissent libres et égaux en droit Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen (allusion) ≃ all men are born equalle musée de l'Hommethe Paris Museum of Mankind, in the Palais de Chaillot2. [être humain] manl'homme man, mankind, humankindles hommes man, mankind, human beings3. (familier) [amant, époux]mon/son homme my/her man4. NAUTIQUE [marin]homme d'équipage crew member, crewmanhomme de quart man ou sailor on watch5. MILITAIRE6. HISTOIRE -
83 cadre
cadre [kαdʀ]1. masculine nouna. [de tableau, porte, bicyclette] frame• cadre numérique digital (photo or picture) frameb. ( = décor) setting ; ( = entourage) surroundings• quel cadre magnifique ! what a magnificent setting!c. ( = contexte) framework• le cadre juridique/institutionnel the legal/institutional frameworkd. ( = limites) scopee. ( = responsable) manager2. compounds* * *kadʀ
1.
nom masculin1) (de tableau, miroir) frame3) ( domaine délimité)4) ( structure) framework5) ( employé) executivecadre moyen/supérieur — middle ranking/senior executive
les cadres moyens/supérieurs — middle/senior management (+ v pl)
6) (de bicyclette, moto) frame7) ( dans un formulaire) space, box8) Informatique frame
2.
dans le cadre de locution prépositive1) ( à l'occasion de) on the occasion of2) ( dans le contexte de) (de lutte, négociations, d'organisation) within the framework of; (de campagne, plan) as part of•Phrasal Verbs:* * *kɒdʀ1. nm1) [tableau] frame2) (= environnement) surroundings plL'hôtel est situé dans un très beau cadre. — The hotel is set in beautiful surroundings.
un cadre de verdure — a leafy setting, leafy surroundings
3) (= limites) framework2. nm/fADMINISTRATION manager, executivecadre moyen — middle manager, junior executive
cadre supérieur — senior manager, senior executive
une cadre supérieure — a senior manager, a senior executive
3. adjloi cadre — outline law, blueprint law
4. cadres nmplADMINISTRATION staff list* * *A nm1 (de tableau, miroir, fenêtre) frame;2 ( lieu) setting; ( milieu) surroundings; dans un cadre agréable/champêtre in a pleasant/rustic setting; le théâtre antique servira de cadre à une série de concerts the amphitheatreGB will be the setting for a series of concerts; hors de son cadre habituel, c'est un autre homme out of his usual surroundings, he's a different man;3 ( domaine délimité) cela sort du cadre de mes fonctions that's not part of my duties; nous sortons du cadre de notre contrat we're overstepping the limits of our contract; sortir du cadre de la légalité to go outside the law;4 ( structure) framework; il n'existe aucun cadre juridique à ce problème there is no legal framework for this problem; le cadre d'un récit/ouvrage the framework of a story/book; étudier une langue en dehors du cadre scolaire to study a language outside a school context;5 ( employé) executive; cadre moyen/supérieur middle ranking/senior executive; les cadres moyens/supérieurs middle/senior management (+ v pl); passer cadre to be made an executive; ⇒ jeune;6 Ordinat frame;7 (de bicyclette, moto) frame;8 ( dans un formulaire) space, box;10 ( en apiculture) frame;11 Naut berth, bunk.B cadres nmpl Entr figurer sur les cadres to be on the company's books; être rayé des cadres to be dismissed.C dans le cadre de loc prép1 ( à l'occasion de) on the occasion of [voyage, fête, rencontre]; dans le cadre de cette journée particulière on this special occasion;2 ( dans le contexte de) within the framework of [lutte, politique, négociations, organisation]; as part of [enquête, campagne, plan]; les manifestations organisées dans le cadre du festival events organized as part of the festival; les négociations doivent avoir lieu dans le cadre de la CEE negotiations must take place within the framework of the EC; recevoir une formation dans le cadre d'une entreprise/d'une association to undergo training within a company/an association.[kadr] nom masculinA.un poste de cadre an executive ou a managerial postcadre supérieur ou dirigeant senior executive, member of (the) senior managementB.le cadre (de la fonction publique) [toutes catégories] the Civil ServiceC.1. [encadrement - d'un tableau, d'une porte, d'une ruche etc] frame‘cadre réservé à l'administration’ ‘for official use only’5. ÉLECTRICITÉ [de radio] frame aerial————————cadres nom masculin pluriel1. [contrainte]dans le cadre de locution prépositionnellewithin the framework ou scope of -
84 Глава 4. Клич охотника в бумажных джунглях
...А сверху в гамаке висит администратор,задумчиво сплетая пальцы ног.М. ЩербаковМы все время предупреждаем: изучайте наш предмет, но используйте приобретенные знания осторожно. В официальной обстановке можно сильно вляпаться. На работе, например, говорить так же свободно, как дома или в баре, не принято. Планка дозволенного там искусственно завышена. Называть вещи своими именами (а как тут не выругаешься!) нельзя. Отсюда проистекает целая система эвфемизмов, часто называемая офисным жаргоном.Отчасти те же корни - у жаргона политического, но там еще много всяких наслоений.Главная особенность официальной речи во всех странах состоит в том, что любую гадость называют вполне приличным словом, да еще и оптимистично звучащим. Бессмертный классик Джордж Оруэлл определил это абсолютно всем в англоязычном мире известным термином doublespeak (помните - "война - это мир", ит.п.). С другой стороны, некоторые совершенно нормальные слова недопустимы и являются офисными табу (прямо как у диких племен).Вот в качестве экзотического образца слова, которые не рекомендуется произносить, а тем более писать (слышали от эксперта, работающего неподалеку от места, где Милошевича судят - сказать точнее не имеем права): invalidity (несостоятельность); infringement of rights (нарушение прав); violates a patent (нарушение патента). Догадались почему? Это вам потом в случае суда по патентным делам легко могут припомнить. Мол, сам же говорил...Впрочем, пример не совсем чист: он связан не просто с официальной речью, а с юридическим английским. Это та еще песня, в любой стране. Поди разберись! Приводимый ниже отрывок объясняет, почему американцам приходится нанимать юристов для урегулирования, казалось бы, пустяковых дел. Создана ли эта запутанность юристами специально? Ответить не можем. Вот вам определение слова "задница" из настоящего подзаконного акта, запрещающего нудизм (anti-nudity ordinance) (Действует в районе Санкт-Августин (St. Augustin, Fla. County) во Флориде (источник — A. and T. Condon. Legal Lunacy. — Putnam, N.Y. 1992)):"Buttocks: The area to the rear of the human body (sometimes referred to as the gluteus maximus) which lies between two imaginary lines running parallel to the ground when a person is standing, the first or top of such line being one- half inch below the top of the vertical cleavage of the nates (i.e., the prominance formed by the muscles running from the back of the hip to the back of the leg) and the second or bottom line being one-half inch above the lowest point of the curvature of the fleshy protuberance (sometimes referred to as the gluteal fold), and between two imaginary lines, one on each side of the body (the `outside lines'), which outside lines are perpendicular to the ground and to the horizontal lines described above and which perpendicular outside lines pass through the outermost point(s) at which each nate meets the outer side of the leg...." Не напоминает некоторые справочники?В принципе, лексикон офисного сленга делится на две группы - buzzwords (клише) и слова, проходящие по ведомству PC (political correctness). Последние используют, чтобы застраховаться от судебных исков за воображаемые обиды на расовой, религиозной, половой, возрастной и какой угодно другой (лишь бы юрист пробивной попался) основе. В качестве незаменимого пособия рекомендуем (лучше в оригинале!) книги Скотта Адамса (Scott Adams) про Дилберта. Он, например, детально поясняет, почему надо говорить resources (ресурсы), когда вы ведете речь о болванах (dolts), составляющих ваш коллектив (team members). Или с какой целью произносится associate (партнер), когда вы имеете в виду неумеху (pud) и неудачника (loser), с которым приходится работать. Очень циничный автор, но его серии карикатур многие обитатели cubicles (офисных кабинок) держат у себя на стенах. Это - мелкая фронда, безопасная, так как ни один начальник не признает, что это именно его Адамс изобразил.Картинок из Адамса мы без его разрешения приводить не будем, но пример настенного офисного юмора дадим (см. рис.(Итак, американцы шутят. Думаете, это что? Поздравление с днем рождения от товарищей по работе. Типичный поздравительный плакат из тех, что вывешиваются в офисе. Шутить со смертью — старая европейская традиция, отсюда и колядки, и Хэллоуин)).
Buzzwords не сложны, вот несколько типичных, которые вы легко переведете сами (так лучше запомнится!). Собрание обязано иметь mission или purpose. Руководство должно обеспечивать leadership и motivation. Служащим следует быть proactive. Везде надо искать synergy. Естественная речь и мотивировки выглядят unprofessional. Цель работника - career advancement. В коллективе требуется исполнять роль team player и стремиться вырасти до team leader. Teamwork - непременное требование к служащим. Business as usual - почему-то всегда плохо, даже если этот бизнес приносит хороший и постоянный доход. Никогда не позволяйте, чтобы на людях вырвалось простецкое duh! Если вы не понимаете, почему diversity - это всегда сама по себе ценность, вас надо послать на diversity sensitivity training. На работе вы осуществляете total quality management и reengineering, проявляя self-motivation. Вы регулярно составляете status reports. То, о чем вы, как и все, мечтаете - job security (но в природе этого не существует).Еще несколько полезных ходовых офисных слов переведем:family = team (семья = команда - так называют родной коллектив); stakeholders (акционеры); stewardship (обслуживание, в каком-то смысле даже служение); leverage (рычаг, средство для достижения цели); solutions (решения: "we sell solutions" означает примерно - мы продаем не сосискоделательную машину, а комплексное решение всех ваших сосисочных проблем); revisit (пересмотреть), 24/7 (круглосуточно, без остановки); benchmark (лучший образец в данной области; benchmarking - сравнение с этим образцом); result-driven (ориентированный на результат); empower (передать полномочия), mindset (отношение); ballpark (ориентировочный: ballpark figure - примерная цифра).В мире мудрых мыслей (Скотта Адамса):Уолли: Stupidity is like nuclear power; it can be used for good or evil. (Глупость - как ядерная энергия, ее можно употребить и в добро, и во зло.)Дилберт: And you don't want to get any on you. (И вам совсем не надо, чтобы ее на вас испытывали.)А вот примеры клишированных мотивационных фраз и лозунгов, заимствованных нами из реальной жизни (слышали их неоднократно). При этих звуках у нормального американского служащего сама собой немедленно складывается фига в кармане (это мы на русский с их языка жестов переводим, на самом деле американцы складывают "middle finger").• Work smarter, not harder (так они говорят, когда предлагается объем работы, который не то что за 8, а и за 10 часов не сделать).• It's a new paradigm (американские менеджеры любят слово "парадигма" особой любовью - они его новым смыслом наполнили, лучше всего определяемым словом bullshit).• It's an opportunity, not a problem (ну, уволили тебя - значит, открываются горизонты новой карьеры, например, в Макдоналдсе).• You're a valued member of the team! (Ну, да...).• Nobody can do the things you can do! (Кто же, если не ты...).• You are helping make the world a better place! (Поэтому торг о зарплате здесь неуместен).• We are in a competitive business. (Так что затяните пояса и не нойте).• We make a difference! (Страшно распространенное выражение. Почему-то всегда подразумевается, что все изменения к лучшему. Нас всегда подмывает при виде этой фразы подрисовать физиономию аятоллы Хомейни).Усвоив и осмыслив приведенные выше выражения, вы сможете легко составлять собственные девизы. Вот, для примера, наш лозунг для американского офиса: Our mission is unprofessional proactive synergy! (В переводе на неофисный русский: "Сговоримся и подсидим коллегу!")Коротенький комментарий, связанный с переменами, синергизмом и названиями компаний.В мире мудрых мыслей (Скотта Адамса):Когда компании сливаются, они всегда заявляют о гигантском синергизме (leveraging synergy), причем взаимоусиление достигается всегда одним путем - массовыми увольнениями. Вот примеры возможных слияний, с соответствующим синергическим изменением профиля и названий:◦ Coca-Cola (напитки) + Head (спортивные товары) = Coke Head.◦ Bayer (аспирин) + AST (компьютеры) = Bayer AST.◦ Hertz (прокат машин) + A.B.Dick (оборудование офисов) = Hertz Dick.Переведите сами, используя наш словарь, какой смысл, на слух, имеют "синергические" названия.Шутка, но так и на практике бывает. Вот в Сиэтле давным-давно слились газеты "Seattle Post" и "Seattle Intelligencer". И знаете, как сейчас называется их главная городская газета? "Seattle Post-Inteligencer", что звучит как "Сиэтл после разума", выживший из ума, значит. Но настолько примелькалось, что не замечается.Еще несколько примеров штампованных офисных фраз. Больше половины - из свежей коллекции Кена Патрика (Ken Patrick). Он назвал это "Biz-Speak 101", то есть начальный курс деловой речи. Эти выражения сейчас в ходу ВСЕ. Не будем навязывать своих циничных комментариев. Да, bullshit. Нужно просто выучить и пользоваться.• World class (мирового уровня).• Think outside the box; Push the envelope (призыв к оригинальному мышлению).• Hands-on (непосредственно вовлеченный в дело).• Paradigm shift (смена критериев, приоритетов).• State of the art (современного уровня).• Real world solution (реальное решение).• Win-win situation (все в выигрыше).• (The ball is) In your court (ваша очередь).• Going forward (в будущем).• Strategic alliance (стратегический союз - например, меча и орала - тьфу, сорвалась рука, обещали же не острить).• Bricks and mortar (производящие, промышленные компании - в отличие от интернетных, которые после массового краха прозвали internet bubbles - интернетные пузыри).• Value-added (добавочная ценность продукта).• Step up to the plate (начать работать над чем-то).• Run up to the pole (попробовать).• Get to the bottom line (деньги, стоимость чего-то).• Stop the bleeding (сокращать расходы).• On the bubble (что-то нехорошее происходит, например, с компанией, "жареным запахло").• Best and brightest (лучшие служащие).• Exceeding customer expectation (больше, чем ждет потребитель).• On the same page (все друг друга понимают).• Strategic fit (важное дополнение).• Core competencies (основная область деятельности компании).• Best practice (соответствует лучшим стандартам).• Out of the loop (не в курсе).• Fast track (скоростное продвижение).• Knowledge base (базирующийся на современной технологии).• In the end of the day (в конце концов).• Touch base (обсудить).• Client focused (ориентированный на потребителя).• Game plan (стратегия).А теперь - самостоятельные упражнения.1. Переведите на нормальный язык: "Going forward, let's think outside the box and run it up the pole".2. Определите, к какому из вышеприведенных выражений подходит используемый тем же К. Патриком термин brownnosers (последнее слово есть в нашем словаре).Официальный сленг и административные клише хорошо освоены сметливыми проходимцами, которые, естественно, стараются, чтобы их пирамиды выглядели так же солидно, как пирамида Хеопса. Сколько приходит по почте мусора (junk mail), похожего на вид на официальные документы! Дело дошло до того, что Почтовое ведомство США (U.S.Postal Service) издало специальную памятку со списком слов-приманок (buzz phrases), характерных для жуликов, заманивающих свои жертвы (suckers) через газетные объявления и по почте.• Anybody can do it (это может каждый).• Quick and easy (быстро и легко).• Big, fast profits (большая, быстрая прибыль).• No experience needed (опыта не требуется).• Work in the comfort of your home (работа с комфортом у себя дома).• Work in your spare time (работа в свободное время).• No risk (никакого риска).• Fill a great demand (соответствует большому спросу).• Nothing illegal (ничего противозаконного).• Secret plan for success (секретный план успеха).• Tested in Europe (испытано в Европе).• Developed after years of secret research (создано в результате многолетних секретных исследований).• Proven to provide immediate positive results (проверенный способ получения немедленного положительного результата).Теперь вы официально предупреждены: если видите подобную фразу - весьма вероятно, что вас хотят надуть. Отечественные "бизнесмены" все это перенимают в последние годы очень быстро, и со многими обсуждаемыми терминами наш читатель наверняка уже встречался.Реальный пример американского почтового жульничества представлен на рис.("Витамин О", отсутствующий в природе (но не все покупатели об этом знают)). Рекламируемый "Витамин О" (проверьте - такого нет ни в одном медицинском справочнике) - всего-навсего разбавленная перекись водорода (по $25 за маленькую бутылочку!).
PC-терминология связана с борьбой политических лоббистов, и приоритеты там часто меняются. В принципе, стандартного английского, в плане чисто языковом, чтобы никого не обидеть вам хватит. Думается, сейчас русскому читателю уже не требуется объяснять, что надо говорить African-American и Chairperson. В этом плане вам всегда сделают скидку как приезжему. Вас ведь тоже будут бояться обидеть. Проблема скорее может быть в другом - в характерном для жителей России восприятии действительности, в системе ценностей, которая в цивилизованной части англоязычного мира несколько иная. То, что у нас нормально и даже смешно, там зачастую оскорбление. И наоборот (см. рис.(Итак, американцы шутят. Думаете, это что? Поздравление с днем рождения от товарищей по работе. Типичный поздравительный плакат из тех, что вывешиваются в офисе. Шутить со смертью — старая европейская традиция, отсюда и колядки, и Хэллоуин)). Но это не тема для книги про язык. Обещаем - мы еще напишем другую, под названием "Политическая проституция. Учебное пособие с упражнениями". А пока дадим лишь несколько примеров распространенных PC-выражений. Многие из них сейчас и на русском очень узнаваемы (прямое, неполиткорректное значение дано в скобках).
• Pregnancy termination - прерывание беременности (аборт).• Non-discriminating sexual orientation - недифференцированной сексуальной ориентации (бисексуал).• Affirmative action - позитивные защитные действия (расовые квоты).• Native American - урожденный американец (индеец).• Conscientious objector - возражающий против призыва по соображениям совести (дезертир).• Pro-choice - за выбор (сторонник абортов).• Pro-life - за жизнь (противник абортов).• African-American - афро-американец (негр). От места рождения не зависит. Например, среди наших хороших знакомых есть афро-американцы - уроженцы Теннеси, Тринидада и Голландии, а вот уроженец Уганды, коричневый беженец времен Иди Амина, в эту категорию не попадет.• Caucasian - представитель европейской расы (белый). Да, в Америке и мы с вами называемся кавказцами и рассматриваемся как потомки рабовладельцев, в качестве которых всем должны. Насчет нашего происхождения из крепостных крестьян там не знают, а объясняешь - не верят.• Non-traditional partners (sexual orientation) - нетрадиционные партнерство, сексуальная ориентация (геи и лесбиянки).• Secular humanist - нерелигиозный гуманист (атеист).• Family Planning Center - центр планирования семьи (абортарий).• Political Action Committee - комитет политического содействия (группа лоббистов).• Challenged - имеющий проблемы (инвалид). Относится к любому физическому отклонению: mentally challenged - придурки, vertically challenged - коротышки ит.п.• Minorities - меньшинства (не белые). От фактической численности не зависит: 38 миллионов латиносов в Америке тоже minorities.• Afrocentrist - афроцентрист (черный расист).• Dead white men - мертвые белые мужчины (белые расисты/сексисты - классики). Подразумевается, что, скажем, Шекспир сознательно принижал женщин - в лице Дездемоны и негров - в лице Отелло.• Animal rights movement - движение за права животных (нео-луддиты - экстремисты, пытающиеся остановить развитие биотехнологии и медицинских исследований. Это они под покровом ночи лабораторных крыс освобождают).• Multi-culturalism - мультикультурализм (идея, что культуры всех народов абсолютно равны и должны быть представлены в учебных программах в равной пропорции, скажем, столько же французской, сколько монгольской).• Sexism - сексизм (половая дискриминация). В этом нехорошем деле замешаны все мужчины, проявляющие любым образом отношение к женщине как женщине. Да и все женщины, относящиеся к мужчинам иначе, чем к своим подружкам, - тоже сексистки.• Ageism - агеизм (дискриминация по возрасту). Сюда относят любые замечания насчет старших.• Eurocentrism - евроцентризм. Предпочтение европейской цивилизации (культуры, демократии, ит.д.). Воспринимается как тяжелая болезнь.• Lookism - любые суждения о внешнем виде человека (обругать - дискриминация, похвалить - сексизм). До нас термин "смотризм" пока не дошел.• Senior Citizens - старшие граждане (старичье, пенсионеры).• Compassionate Conservatives - мягкосердечные консерваторы (реакционеры). Просто PR-специалисты для старых злобных реакционеров новую упаковку изготовили.РС - предмет постоянных насмешек американских сатириков, да и не сатириков тоже. И впрямь, богатейшее ведь поле. Довольно распространенная шутка - переписывать классические истории и песенки в политически корректном и актуальном духе. Приведем типичный образец - он простой, переведите сами как упражнение. Справа - оригинал, всем с детства известный стишок из классического собрания "Матушки Гусыни". Подчеркнуты слова, которые стоит запомнить.(таблица №1)
Еще образчик американского самоприкола по поводу PC мы нашли на сувенирных магнитиках. Вы уже знаете про связь мата и юмора, так вот, там дан "перевод" фраз с сугубо официального языка на совершенно матерный. На кухонный холодильник такое повесить можно - но не в офис. Вот несколько примеров (на русский переводим не дословно, это вы сами легко сделаете, используя наш словарь, а подходяще по экспрессии и колориту).(таблица №2)
В заключение - несколько слов о специфическом партийном языке. У маргинальных политических групп он весьма оригинален. В поддержку русских коммунистов-интернационалистов (и для развлечения остальных читателей) приведем здесь подлинные левые американские мысли. Даем без комментариев и перевода цитату из "Словаря Анархиста" - брошюрки без выходных данных, подобранной нами в одном из троцкистских центров Канады. (Внимание! Опечаток тут нет, так писать у них принято, с ККК внутри и сша строчными буквами.)"Black": a political designation to refer not only to Afro-Amerikkkans, but, to people of color who are engaged in revolutionary struggle in the u.s. and all over the world. It should not be taken to mean the domination of Afro-Amerikkkans or the exclusion of other people of color from black revolutionary organizations.Black Collaborator: those few blacks brought into the capitalist system at all levels, including such high levels as black capitalist, project directors, administrators, etc., who have enough of a stake in the operation of the system to cooperate in pacification programs against their black brothers and sisters. The "House Niggers".Black Panther Party: an above ground community based armed self-defense organization whose job it was to defend the community by force of arms in "legal" posture and mode, unlike the clandestine Black Liberation Army. The Black Panther Party also served the community through community based survival programs such as free breakfast for children, free health care, liberation schools for political education, etc.Black Revolutionary Power: the taking of state power by black amerikkkans (Afro-Amerikkkans) in order to revolutionize the entire country on the basis of their enriched concept of man/woman.Bourgeoisie: the rich and the super rich. The ruling elite who own and manage the means of production, ex: Rockefeller, Mellon, Dupont, etc. They are the real rulers in a capitalist society who dictate and has everyone else eitherworking for them to maintain status-quo, or those who may slave for them in order to survive."Мы дали здесь лишь краткое представление об офисном сленге и терминологии администраторов, юристов, мошенников и политиков (как вам компания?). Хотите стать Большим администратором (юристом ит.д.) - изучайте это дело подробнее.American slang. English-Russian dictionary > Глава 4. Клич охотника в бумажных джунглях
-
85 في
في \ a; an; each; every: twice a day; 80 miles an hour. at: (showing where): at home; at the office, (showing a point of time) at midday; at 4 o’clock; He was married at 18, (after an adj) good at English; quick at sums. by: during: We travelled by night. in: showing where: In bed; in London; in the box; in his speech, showing condition In a hurry; in trouble, showing a direction; into He fell in the river. He put his hand in his pocket, showing when; during In the past; in January 1980; in the evening, showing what sth. contains or includes There are 60 minutes in an hour. Is he in your team?, showing what sb. wears He was in his best suit, showing a shape or arrangement They stood in a row, showing employment or activity or an event He’s in the navy. She was killed in the accident. on: showing when: on Monday; on May the 6th. showing the state of sb.:: Are you here on business or on holiday?. per: for each: He earns $8000 per annum (for each year). \ في (أيّ مَكَان) \ anywhere: in or to any place: Are you going anywhere?. \ See Also إلى( إلى) \ في \ home: to or at one’s house: Go home! Is your son home yet?. \ See Also إلى البيت \ في \ inside: on (or to) the inside. \ See Also إلى الداخل \ في \ inland: away from the sea: We crossed the coast and flew inland. \ See Also إلى داخل البلاد \ في \ indoors: into (or in) a building: He went (or He stayed) indoors because of the rain. \ See Also إلى داخل البيت \ في \ on board: on (or onto) a ship or aeroplane: There are 70 men on board. Can I go on board the aircraft?. \ See Also إلى دَاخِل الطَّائِرَة \ في \ upstairs: on, at or to a higher floor; up the stairs; at the top of the stairs: She went upstairs because her room is upstairs. She has an upstairs bedroom. \ See Also إلى الدَّور الأَعْلى \ في \ low: to or in a low position: The sun had sunk low in the sky. \ See Also إلى وَضْع مُنْخفِض \ في \ whereabouts: in or near which place: Whereabouts did you find this ring?. \ See Also قرب أيّ مكان؟ \ في \ upstream: against the flow of the stream; up the river: They rowed (the boat) upstream. \ See Also نَحْوَ أعلى النَّهر \ في الاتجاه المعاكس \ backward(s): towards the back: He fell over backwards. \ في أَثَر \ after: following, in search of: I ran after him but could not catch him. The police are after him. \ في أثناء الخِدْمَة (خارج أوقات الخِدمة) \ on duty, (off duty): at work (not at work): The night nurse has 12 hours on duty, then 12 hours off duty. She went on duty at 18.00 and came off duty at 06.00. \ في أثناء ذلك \ meanwhile, meantime: (in) the time between: You’ll have to wait till he’s ready; but you can read this (in the) meanwhile. \ في إجازة \ off: free from work: My employer gave me the afternoon off. \ See Also عطلة (عُطْلَة) \ في أَحْسَن الأَحْوَال \ at best: in the most hopeful conditions: At best, we can’t be ready till Tuesday. \ في آخر \ eventually: in the end: The car kept stopping, but we got home eventually. ultimately: in the end: We must all, ultimately, die. \ See Also نهاية الأمر \ في آخر رَمَق \ on one’s last legs: (of a person or thing) not expected to last much longer; worn out; almost in ruins: That company is on its last legs. \ في آخر لحظة \ in the nick of time: just in time; almost too late: She saved him in the nick of time from falling over the cliff. \ في أَرْجَاء \ about: from place to place in: We wandered about the town. round: (also around) from place to place: He wandered (a)round (the town). We travelled (a)round (the country). \ في أَسْفَل \ under: (also underneath), in a lower position. underneath: (of position) below: It was hidden underneath the floor boards. \ See Also الأسفل (الأَسْفَل) \ في الأَصْل \ originally: in the beginning: This school was originally a rich man’s home. \ في الأَعْلَى \ up: in or to higher position: She lives up in the hills. \ في أغلب الظَّنّ \ doubtless: probably: It will doubtless rain on the day of the garden party. \ في أَفْضَل حَالَة \ at one’s best: in one’s best state: My garden is at its best in spring. \ في أقلّ مِن \ within: in less than: He will arrive within an hour. I live within a mile of the sea. \ في الأمام \ in front: at the front: You go in front and I’ll follow. \ في أَوَاخِر \ late: near the end of a period of time: Late in the year; in the late afternoon. \ في الأوْج \ in full swing: (of an activity) at its highest point; very busy: The party was in full swing when I arrived. \ في أوجِ الإزْهَار \ in bloom: flowering: The roses are in bloom now. \ في أيّ مَكَان \ anywhere: in no matter what place: Put it down anywhere. \ في أيّ وقت \ ever: (esp. in a negative sentence or a question) at any time: Nobody ever writes to me. Have you ever been to Rome? If you ever go there, you must see St. Peter’s cathedral. \ في أيّ وقت مَضَى \ ever: (in a comparative sentence) at any time: He’s working harder than ever. This is the best book I’ve ever read. \ في بادئ الأمر \ at first: at the beginning: At first the new school seemed strange, but then we got used to it. \ في البَدْء \ primarily: mainly; in the first place: This book is written primarily for foreigners. \ See Also أصلا (أَصْلاً)، أساسا (أساسًا) \ في بعض الوقت \ part-time: for only part of the usual working time: She’s a part-time teacher. \ في البيت \ at home: in one’s house: He’s at home in the evenings. \ في البيت المُجَاوِر \ next, next door: in the next house: He lives next door. He is my nextdoor neighbour. \ في تَحَسُّن (من النّاحية الصحّية) \ on the mend: getting better in health (after an illness). \ في تِلْكَ الحالةِ \ in that case: if that happens, or has happened: He may be late. In that case, we shall go without him, if that happens, or has happened He may be late. In that case, we shall go without him. \ في تِلْكَ اللَّحظة \ just: (with continuous tenses; always directly before the present participle) at this moment; at that moment: We’re just starting dinner. We were just starting dinner when he arrived. \ في التَّوّ \ straight away: at once. \ في جانب \ in favour of: supporting: I’m in favour of your plans. \ في الجَانِب الآخَر مِن \ across: on the other side of: My home is across the river. \ في جانب \ for: in favour of: Are you for this idea or against it?. \ See Also صف (صَفّ) \ في جزء أدنى مِن \ down: at a lower level: My house is a little way down the hill. \ في الجِوَار \ about: around; near: There’s a lot of illness about. I went out early, when no one was about (when no one else was out). \ في الحَال \ at once: without delay: Stop that at once!. away: right away; straight away. immediately: at once. instantly: at once. on the spot: in that place and at that moment: He gave me the bill and I paid it on the spot. readily: without delay: The book you need is not readily obtainable. straight away: at once. \ في حَالَةِ \ at: (showing a state): at war; at play. on: showing the state of sth.: The house is on fire. \ في حَالَة حَسَنَة \ well, (better, best): the opposite of ill and unwell; in good health: Don’t you feel well? You’ll soon get better if you drink this medicine. How are you? Very well, thank you. I feel best in the early morning (better than at any other time). \ في حَالَة سَيِّئَة \ in a bad way: in a bad state. \ في حَالَة عَدَم توفُّر \ failing: giving a second choice of action, if the first choice fails: Ask John to do it. Failing him, ask Michael. \ في حَالَة فَوْضَى \ chaotic: in a state of chaos: The young teacher had a chaotic classroom. \ في حَالَةِ وُجُود \ in case of: in the event of; if there is: In case of fire, ring the bell. \ في حَالَةِ ما إِذَا \ in case: because of the possibility of sth. happening: Take a stick, in case you meet a snake. \ في حركة دائِمة \ on the move: moving; travelling: He’s always on the move and never settles for long. \ في الحَقِيقَة \ as a matter of fact, in fact: really; in truth: The dog seemed dead but in fact it was only asleep. As a matter of fact, I don’t like Michael. in point of fact: actually, in fact. in reality: in fact. really: truly; in fact: Is he really your son? He does not look like you!. \ في حَيْرَة من أَمْره \ at one’s wits’ end: too worried by difficulties to know what to do. \ في حين \ whereas: but: They are looking for a house, whereas we would rather live in a flat. \ في حينه \ round: following a regular course: Wait till your turn comes round. \ في الخَارِج \ abroad: in or to another country: I spent my holiday abroad. out: in (or into) the open; away from shelter; in (or into) view: Don’t stand out in the rain. The ship was far out at sea. out of door, outdoors: in the open air; not in a house: I like sleeping out of doors under the stars. outside: not within; in the open air; on the outer side: It’s raining outside. The cup is blue outside, and white inside. overseas: across the sea; (to the British, the mainland of Europe is abroad but it is not overseas): She is working overseas, in South America. \ في خِدمَة... \ at one’s service: ready to fulfil one’s needs: The hotel car is at your service if you want to go anywhere. \ في خَريف العُمر \ middle-aged: neither young nor old; aged between about 40 and 65. \ في خطٍّ مُستقيم \ as the crow flies: in a straight line: It is 5 miles away by road, but only 2 miles as the crow flies. \ فِي الخَفَاء \ stealth: by stealth using secret and quiet action: He got into the house by stealth, not by force. \ في خِلال \ in: showing a space of time before sth. will happen; after: I’ll come in a few days (or in a minute). in the course of: during: In the course of the morning I had seven visitors. \ في الدّاخل \ in: in a building, esp. at home, work or where one is expected to be: Is anyone in? I’m afraid Mr. Jones is out, but he’ll be in at 5 o’clock. \ في داخِل \ in: showing a direction; into: He fell in the river. He put his hand in his pocket. inside: on (or to) the inside of: Please wait inside the room. \ في داخِل النَّفْس \ inwardly: secretly; as regards one’s inner feelings: I was inwardly delighted, but I pretended not to care. \ في دَرَجَة الغَلَيان \ on the boil: boiling; at this heat. \ في ذلك المكان \ there: at that place: I live there. \ في رأيي \ to my mind: in my opinion: To my mind, this is most dishonest. \ في سَبِيل \ in the process of: to be doing: I am in the process of painting my house. sake, for the sake, of, for sb.’s sake: for the good of; so as to help: Soldiers die for the sake of their county (or for their country’s sake). Don’t take any risks for my sake, for the desire of Why ruin your health for the sake of a little pleasure?. \ في سِنّ المُرَاهَقَة \ teenage: in one’s teens: a teenage girl. \ في شكّ \ in doubt: uncertain: When in doubt, ask your father. \ في صحَّة جيِّدة \ fit: healthy: We take exercise so as to keep fit. \ في صَفّ \ in single file: in one line, one behind the other: We had to ride in single file down the narrow path. \ في الطّابِق الأَسْفل \ downstairs: at the bottom of the stairs; in a room at that level: I’ll wait for you downstairs. \ في الطّابِق الفوقانيّ \ overhead: above one’s head: a noise in the room overhead; clouds in the sky overhead. \ في طَرَف \ up: along (up and down are both used like this, although the course may be quite level): He lives just up the road. \ في طريق النُّور \ in sb.’s light: preventing light from reaching him: I can’t read if you stand in my light. \ في الظّاهر \ outwardly: as regards the appearance (compared with the hidden facts or inner feelings): She was outwardly calm but inwardly full of anger. \ في العَام \ annual: happening every year; of a year: an annual feast; the annual production of oil. \ في عَجلة من أمره \ in a hurry: Ants are always in a hurry. \ في العَرَاء \ in the open: outside in the air: I like to sleep out in the open, under she stars. outdoors, out of doors: the open air; not in a building: Go outdoors and play football. \ في (عُرض) البَحْر \ at sea: on the sea; far from land: a storm at sea. \ في عُطلة \ on holiday, on vacation: having a holiday: The schools are on holiday. We’re going on vacation to the sea. \ See Also إجازة( إجازة) \ في غابر الأزمان (كان يا ما كان...) \ once upon a time: (used at the beginning of stories). \ في الغَالِب \ mainly: chiefly; mostly. \ في غالِب الظنّ \ probably: almost certainly; with little doubt: You’re probably right. \ في غاية الجُنون \ raving mad: noisily and violently mad. \ في غَمْضَة عَيْن \ in no time: very quickly; very soon: If you follow this path, you’ll get there in no time. \ في غِيَابِه \ behind sb.’s back: when someone is not present: He tells untrue stories about me behind my back. \ في كُلٍّ \ a; an; each; every: twice a day. 80 miles an hour. ten pence a packet. \ في كل مكان \ everywhere: in all places: I’ve looked for it everywhere. \ في كل وقت \ ever: at all times; always: I shall stay there for ever. \ في لحظة خاطفة \ in a flash: very quickly and suddenly: He seized the money and was gone in a flash. \ في اللحظة المناسبة \ in the nick of time: just in time; almost too late: She saved him in the nick of time from falling over the cliff. \ في اللَّيْل \ at night: during the night. overnight: for the night: I shall stay at a hotel overnight and come back tomorrow, on the night before; during the night I packed my suitcase overnight, so as to be ready to leave at sunrise. His car was stolen overnight. \ في المائَة \ per cent: for, out, of, each hundred: Six per cent of the boys failed the exam, (one part) of each hundred I’m a 100 per cent in agreement with you. About 70 per cent (written as 70%) of the people are farmers. \ في المُتَنَاوَل \ forthcoming: supplied when needed: We wanted a new school clock, but the money was not forthcoming. \ في مُتَناوَل \ within: inside; not beyond; within reach; within one’s powers. \ في متناول اليَد \ at hand: near; within reach: Help was at hand. handy: near; easily reached when wanted: Keep that book handy so that you can look at it often. \ في مَجْمُوعَة بين \ among(st): in the middle of; mixed with; surrounded by: I found this letter among my books. There is a secret enemy amongst us. \ في مِحْنة خَطَر \ in distress: (of a ship or aeroplane) in dangerous trouble; needing help. \ في المُدّة الأخيرة \ lately: not long ago; in the near past: Have you seen her lately?. \ في المرَّة التالية \ next: the next time: I’ll give it to you when I next see you. \ See Also القادمة \ في مُقَابِل \ for: showing that something is as a return or in place of: I gave him $5 for his help. Will you change this old car for a new one?. in return (for): in exchange or payment for: Give her some flowers in return for her kindness. \ في المقام الأوّل \ firstly: as the first reason, fact, etc: I need a hot drink. Firstly, because I’m cold; secondly, because I’m thirsty. \ في المقدمة \ in front: at the front: You go in front and I’ll follow. \ في مَكَان \ in sb,’s stead: in sb.’s place; instead of sb.. \ See Also بدلا من (بدلاً من) \ في مَكَان آخَر \ elsewhere: in some other place. \ في المَكَان \ in position: in the correct position. \ See Also المَوضِع الصَّحيح \ في مَكَان قَريب \ by: near: He stood by and watched them. \ في مَكَانٍ ما \ somewhere: in or to some place (but usu. anywhere in negative sentences and questions): I’ve met him somewhere before. Let’s go somewhere peaceful (to some peaceful place). \ في المكان والزّمان المذكورين \ on the spot: in that place and at that moment: Fortunately a doctor was on the spot when she broke her leg. \ في مكانه \ belong: to be in the right place: This book belongs on the top shelf. \ See Also موضِعِه المناسب \ في مَلْعَبِه \ at home: (of a match) on one’s own field: Our team are playing at home tomorrow. \ في مُنْتَصَف الطَّريق \ midway: halfway; in the middle: The station is midway between the two villages. \ في مَوعِد لاَ يَتَجَاوَز \ by: before; not later than: Can you finish this by Tuesday? They ought to be here by now. \ في المَوْعِد المحدَّد \ on time: exactly at the appointed moment: The bus always leaves on time. \ في مياه أعمق من قَامَته \ out of one’s depth: in water that is too deep to stand up in: Don’t go out of your depth unless you can swim. \ في النّادِر \ rarely: not often; hardly at all: She rarely smokes. \ في نظر \ in the eyes of: in the opinion of: In his mother’s eyes he can do no wrong. \ في نَظَري \ to my mind: in my opinion: To my mind, this is most dishonest. \ في النّهايَة \ at last: in the end, after much delay: The train was very slow, but we got there at last. at length: at last; in the end: He waited two hours. At length he went home. finally: lastly; in the end. \ في نِهايَة الأمْر \ in the long run: after a period of time; in the end: It’ll be cheaper in the long run to buy good quality shoes. \ See Also عَلَى المدى الطويل \ في هذا الوقت \ now: (in a written account) at the time that is being described: The war was now over. \ في هَذا المَكَان \ about: here: Is anyone about?. \ في هذه الأَثْنَاء \ meanwhile, meantime: (in) the time between: You’ll have to wait till he’s ready; but you can read this (in the) meanwhile. \ في هذه الأَيَّام \ nowadays: in these times (compared with the past): Travel is much easier nowadays. today: the present time: the scientists of today. \ في هذه الحالة \ all right: (also alright), in that case: You don’t want it? All right, I’ll give it to someone else. \ في هذه اللَّحْظَة \ just: (with continuous tenses; always directly before the present participle) at this moment; at that moment: We’re just starting dinner. We were just starting dinner when he arrived. just now: at this moment: I’m busy just now. \ في الهواء الطَّلْق \ in the open: outside in the air: I like to sleep out in the open, under the stars. out of doors, outdoors: in the open air; not in a house: I like sleeping out of doors under the stars. outdoors, out of doors: the open air; not in a building: Go outdoors and play football. \ في الوَاقِع \ in reality: in fact. \ في الوَاقِع \ actually: in fact; really: She looks about thirty, but actually she’s thirty-nine. as a matter of fact, in fact: really; in truth: The dog seemed dead but in fact it was only asleep. As a matter of fact, I don’t like Michael. in point of fact: actually, in fact. truly: really: Are you truly sorry for your crimes?. virtually: actually but not officially: He was virtually a prisoner in his home, as he did not dare to go out while the police were watching. \ في الوَسَط \ halfway: between two places and at an equal distance from them: His house is halfway between yours and mine. \ في وَسْط المسافة \ halfway: between two places and at an equal distance from them: His house is halfway between yours and mine. \ في وَضَح (النهار) \ broad: (of daylight) full; complete: The bank was robbed in broad daylight. \ في وَضع لا يجوز فيه رَكْل الكُرة \ offside: (of a player in football, etc.) breaking a rule by being in a position in which play is not allowed. \ في الوَقْت الحَاضِر \ at present: now; at the present time: At present I have no job, but I shall get one soon. for the time being: for the present: I have no job, but I’m helping my father for the time being. now: at the present time: Where are you working now? Now is the time to plant those seeds. today: the present time: the scientists of today. \ في وَقْتٍ لاَحِق \ after: later: She came first and he arrived soon after. \ في وقتٍ ما \ sometime: (often two words, some time) at a time not exactly known or stated: Come again sometime. He left sometime after dinner. \ في وقتٍ متأخر \ late: after the proper or usual time; not early: We always go to bed very late. He arrived too late for dinner. \ في وقتٍ متأخر مِن \ late: near the end of a period of time: Late in the year; in the late afternoon. \ في الوَقْتِ المُقَرَّر \ round: following a regular course: Wait till your turn comes round. \ في وَقْتٍ من الأوقات \ ever: (esp. in a negative sentence or a question) at any time: Nobody ever writes to me. Have you ever been to Rome? If you ever go there, you must see St. Peter’s cathedral. \ في الوَقْتِ المناسب \ early: in good time for one’s purpose; before the fixed time: We arrived early and got the best seats. in due course: later; after a reasonable delay: He will get better in due course. in good time: slightly early: He came in good time for the meeting. \ في وقت واحد \ at a time: together: They arrived three at a time (in groups of three). \ في يوم من الأيام \ once upon a time: (used at the beginning of stories). \ See Also كان يا ما كان -
86 authority
ɔ:ˈθɔrɪtɪ сущ.
1) власть( for, over) (исконное значение "право требовать подчинения") to assume authority ≈ взять власть to delegate authority ≈ передавать власть to demonstrate/show authority ≈ показывать власть to establish authority ≈ устанавливать власть to exercise authority ≈ осуществлять правление to wield authority ≈ обладать властью to invoke authority ≈ взывать к властям to defy authority ≈ бросать вызов властям to deny/reject authority ≈ отвергать власть, не признавать властей to undermine authority ≈ подрывать власть, подрывать авторитет absolute (complete, full, supreme, unquestioned) authority ≈ полная власть, абсолютная власть, бесспорная власть parental authority ≈ родительская воля, родительское слово He assumed authority for overseas operations. ≈ Он взял власть над иностранными операциями. A commanding officer has complete authority over her personnel. ≈ У командира неограниченная власть над своими подчиненными. Who was in authority ? ≈ Кто был главным? These employees are under my authority. ≈ Эти сотрудники находятся у меня в подчинении. authority of Parliament ≈ власть парламента man set in authority ≈ человек, облеченный властью
2) обыкн. мн. власти civilian authority government authority hygiene authorities local authority military authority occupation authority Syn: jurisdiction
3) полномочие( for;
тж. с инф.) By what authority do you do these things, and who gave you this authority. ≈ По какому праву вы делаете это, и кто вам предоставил такое право?
4) авторитет, вес, влияние, значение to carry authority ≈ иметь влияние
5) авторитет, крупный специалист
6) авторитетный источник (письменного типа) to cite an authority ≈ цитировать авторитетный источник to invoke an authority ≈ ссылаться на авторитетный источник competent/reliable authority ≈ компетентный источник, надежный источник информации indisputable (irrefutable, unimpeachable, unquestioned) authority ≈ безупречный/бесспорный источник leading/respected authority ≈ уважаемый/достойный источник the greatest living authority ≈ величайший человек современности an outstanding authority on shipbuilding ≈ выдающийся специалист по кораблестроению on good authority ≈ на хорошем счетувласть - supreme * верховная власть - the * of Parliament власть /полномочия/ парламента - a man set in * лицо, облеченное властью - to have * иметь власть - who is in * here? кто здесь за главного?;
кто здесь командует? полномочие;
право, права;
компетенция - to give * давать полномочия - who gave you the * to do this? кто уполномочил вас сделать это? - to act with the * of the law действовать на основании закона - to act on smb.'s * действовать на основании полученных полномочий - to act on one's own * действовать самостоятельно /по собственному почину, на свой страх и риск/ - only the treasurer has the * to make payments только казначей имеет право совершать выплаты документ, подтверждающий полномочия;
доверенность;
ордер;
грамота и т. п. - here is my * вот документ, подтверждающий мои полномочия власти, начальство;
администрация - local authorities местные власти;
органы местного самоуправления - the municipal authorities муниципальные власти - to apply to the authorities обратиться к властям (военное) инстанция;
начальник орган, управление;
отдел - Port of London A. Управление Лондонского порта - National Command * Высшее национальное военное командование (в США) авторитет, вес, влияние - to have * with smb. пользоваться авторитетом у кого-л. авторитет, крупный специалист - he is an * on phonetics он является авторитетом в области фонетики авторитетный источник (книга, документ и т. п.) - to quote one's authorities ссылаться на авторитетные источники - to know smth. on good * знать что-л. из достоверного источника основание - what is your * for that statement? какое вы имеете основание для подобного утверждения? - on the * of papers по сообщениям газет вес, убедительность;
сила - his strong bass lent * to the performance его мощный бас сделал исполнение особенно впечатляющимact outside the scope of one's ~ выходить за пределы своей компетенции act outside the scope of one's ~ выходить за пределы своих полномочийadministrative ~ административный орган administrative ~ администрация administrative ~ власти administrative ~ руководство administrative ~ управленческий персонал~ (обыкн. pl the authorities) власти;
to apply to the authorities обратиться к властямauthority авторитет, крупный специалист ~ авторитет, вес, влияние, значение;
to carry authority иметь влияние ~ авторитет, авторитетный специалист, авторитетность, авторитетное утверждение ~ авторитет;
орган власти, ответственные лица( уполномоченные решать к.-л. вопросы) ~ авторитет ~ авторитетность ~ авторитетный источник (книга, документ) ~ авторитетный источник ~ (обыкн. pl the authorities) власти;
to apply to the authorities обратиться к властям ~ власть, полномочие, сфера компетенции ~ власть;
the authority of Parliament власть парламента ~ власть ~ влияние ~ доверенность, полномочие, разрешение ~ доверенность ~ доказательство, основание ~ доказательство ~ документ ~ источник права, закон, прецедент, судебное решение, документ, авторитетный учебник по праву ~ источник права ~ компетенция ~ крупный специалист ~ орган власти, орган управления ~ орган власти ~ орган управления ~ основание;
on the authority of the press на основании газетных сообщений, по утверждению газет ~ основание ~ полномочие (for;
тж. с inf.) ;
who gave you the authority to do this? кто уполномочил вас сделать это? ~ полномочие ~ вчт. полномочия ~ вчт. права ~ право ~ разрешение ~ судебное решение ~ сфера компетенции ~ управление~ for payment разрешение на оплату~ in charge of minors and incapacitated persons орган попечения несовершеннолетних и недееспособных лиц~ in law правомочие по закону~ власть;
the authority of Parliament власть парламента~ to dispose право распоряжаться имуществом~ to issue instructions право издавать инструкции~ to purchase право купли~ to sell право продажи~ to sign for firm право подписи за фирмуbudgetary ~ бюджетное управлениеbuilding ~ строительное управлениеby ~ по полномочию by ~ с разрешения~ авторитет, вес, влияние, значение;
to carry authority иметь влияниеcompetent ~ компетентный органconsular ~ консульские должностные лица consular ~ консульские представителиcustoms ~ таможенное управление customs ~ таможенные властиdelegated ~ делегированные полномочияeducational ~ управление по образованиюexceed ~ выходить за пределы компетенции exceed ~ выходить за пределы полномочий exceed ~ превышать полномочияexecutive ~ исполнительная властьgeneral ~ генеральные полномочия, общие полномочия на ведение конкретного дела или предприятия general ~ генеральные полномочия general ~ общие полномочия на ведение конкретного делаgrant ~ предоставлять полномочия grant ~ уполномочиватьharbour ~ портовые властиhealth ~ орган здравоохраненияhighway ~ дорожное ведомство highway ~ дорожное управлениеhousing supervisory ~ орган контроля за жилищным строительствомimplied ~ подразумеваемое полномочиеintermediate ~ временный орган властиjoint ~ совместные полномочияjudicial ~ судебная власть judicial ~ судейская властьlegislative ~ законодательные властиlocal ~ местная власть local ~ местный орган власти local ~ орган местного самоуправления local ~ самоуправляющийся орган местной власти, муниципалитет, местная властьlocal housing ~ местное жилищное управлениеa man set in ~ человек, облеченный властьюmarriage ~ отдел регистрации браковmedical ~ медицинское управлениеmonetary ~ руководящее денежно-кредитное учреждениеnegotiating ~ полномочия на ведение переговоровnote issuing ~ право выпуска банкнотofficial ~ государственные власти~ основание;
on the authority of the press на основании газетных сообщений, по утверждению газетostensible ~ мнимые полномочияpatent ~ патентное ведомствоpaternal ~ родительская властьport ~ портовые властиprovisional ~ временные полномочияpublic ~ орган государственной властиregulatory ~ контрольный орган regulatory ~ распорядительный органrelevant ~ компетентный органrepresentative ~ представительные властиroad ~ дорожное управлениеstate ~ государственная властьsupervising ~ контрольный органsupervisory ~ контрольный орган supervisory ~ наблюдательный органsupreme administrative ~ высший административный органsupreme ~ верховная власть supreme ~ высший органtax ~ налоговое управлениеterritorial ~ территориальные властиtransport ~ транспортное управлениеultimate ~ высшие полномочия ultimate ~ последняя инстанция~ полномочие (for;
тж. с inf.) ;
who gave you the authority to do this? кто уполномочил вас сделать это?Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > authority
-
87 dürfen
I Modalv.; darf, durfte, hat (+ Inf.) dürfen1. Erlaubnis bzw. Verbot: be allowed to (+ Inf.) darf ich rausgehen? can ( höflich: may) I go out?; ich darf keinen Alkohol trinken I’m not allowed (to drink) any alcohol; man wird doch wohl noch fragen dürfen you’re allowed to ask, aren’t you?2. Ratschlag, Aufforderung, Warnung etc.: du darfst den Hund nicht anfassen you mustn’t touch the dog, don’t touch the dog; wir dürfen den Bus nicht verpassen we mustn’t (bes. Am. can’t) miss the bus; so etwas darf einfach nicht vorkommen something like that simply cannot be allowed to happen; so etwas darfst du nicht sagen you mustn’t ( oder shouldn’t) say things like that; das hättest du nicht sagen dürfen you shouldn’t have said that; das darf keiner erfahren nobody’s to know, nobody must find out3. (können) mit gutem Grund: wenn man es so nennen darf if one can call it that; du darfst stolz auf ihn sein you can be proud of him; du darfst es mir glauben you can take my word for it; das darf man wohl sagen iro. you can say that again; ich darf Ihnen mitteilen, dass... I am able to inform you that...; da darf er sich nicht wundern he shouldn’t be surprised, that shouldn’t surprise him; das darf wohl nicht wahr sein! that’s incredible, I don’t believe it!4. Vermutung: das dürfte der Neue sein that must be the new guy ( oder teacher etc.); es dürfte bald zu Ende sein it should be finished soon; das dürfte die beste Lösung sein that’s probably ( oder that seems to be, I think that’s) the best solution; es dürfte Regen geben it might rain, there could be rain; das dürfte reichen that should be enough ( oder suffice)5. als Höflichkeitsform: was darf’s sein? what can I do for you?; als Gastgeber: what would you like (to drink)?, what’s your poison? umg., hum.; ich darf mich jetzt verabschieden I’m afraid I’ve got to go now; dürfte ich mir die Frage erlauben? may I ask a question?; wenn ich mich kurz entschuldigen dürfte if you would excuse me for a moment; dürfte ich um das Salz bitten? would you pass (me) the salt please?; bittenII vt/i; darf, durfte, hat gedurft; umg.1. Erlaubnis, Verbot: darf ich oder man? may I?; nein, du darfst nicht no you can’t; bestimmter: no you may not; das darf man nicht you’re etc. not allowed, it isn’t permitted; er darf / durfte nicht nach draußen he’s not / he wasn’t allowed out; ich darf heute ins Kino I’m allowed (out) to go to the cinema (Am. movies) tonight; darfst du das denn? are you allowed to (do that) then?; das hätte er eigentlich nicht gedurft he wasn’t really allowed (to do it)2. Ratschlag etc.: das darfst du doch nicht you shouldn’t do (things like) that; ich geb’s auf! - nein, das darfst du nicht! no you shouldn’t (do that)* * *to be allowed to; may; to be permitted; to have the right* * *dụ̈r|fen ['dʏrfn] pret du\#rfte, ['dʊrftə] ptp gedu\#rft or (bei modal aux vb) dü\#rfenvi, modal aux vb[gə'dʊrft, 'dʏrfn]1)darf ich/man das tun? — may I/one do it?, am I/is one allowed to do it?
darf ich? – ja, Sie dürfen — may I? – yes, you may
darf ich ins Kino? — may I go to the cinema?
er hat nicht gedurft — he wasn't allowed to
2)du darfst ihm das nicht übel nehmen — you must not take offence (Brit) or offense (US) at him
der Patient darf noch nicht transportiert werden — the patient may not be moved yet
3)(in Höflichkeitsformeln)
darf ich das tun? — may I do that?Ruhe, wenn ich bitten darf! — quiet, (if you) please!, will you please be quiet!
darf ich um den nächsten Tanz bitten? — may I have (the pleasure of) the next dance?
darf ich Sie bitten, das zu tun? — may or could I ask you to do that?
was darf es sein? — can I help you?, what can I do for you?; (vom Gastgeber gesagt) what can I get you?, what'll you have?
dürfte ich bitte Ihren Ausweis sehen (als Aufforderung) — may or might I see your identity card, please
4)(= Veranlassung haben, können)
wir freuen uns, Ihnen mitteilen zu dürfen — we are pleased to be able to tell youich darf wohl sagen, dass... — I think I can say that...
man darf doch wohl fragen — one can or may ask, surely?
5)das dürfte reichen — that should be enough, that ought to be enough
das Essen dürfte stärker gewürzt sein — the food could have been more highly spiced
* * *1) ((usually may) to have permission to: You can go if you behave yourself.) can2) (to have the permission to: You may go home now.) may* * *dür·fen[ˈdʏrfn̩]I. modal vb<darf, durfte, dürfen>▪ etw [nicht] tun \dürfen to [not] be allowed to do sthdarf man hier parken? are you allowed [or is it permitted] to park here?hier darf man nicht rauchen smoking is not allowed [or permitted] heredarf ich heute Abend ins Kino gehen? can I go to the cinema tonight?du darfst jetzt nicht aufgeben you mustn't give up nowdas darf man nicht tun! that's not allowed!, one mustn't do that!du darfst ihm das nicht übel nehmen you mustn't hold that against himwir \dürfen den Zug nicht verpassen we mustn't [or form ought not [to]] miss the traindas darf nicht wieder vorkommen this mustn't happen againman darf sich nicht wundern, wenn... it shouldn't come as a surprise when/if...3. (höflich anfragend)darf ich Sie bitten, das Formular auszufüllen? would you fill in the form, please?alle mal herhören, wenn ich bitten darf! (fam) would everybody please listen!dürfte ich wohl noch ein Stück Kuchen haben? I wonder if I might [or could] have another piece of cake?dürfte ich mir die Frage erlauben, warum... may I ask, why...darf man fragen, wie lange es noch dauert? (iron) may I ask how long it's going to take?darf ich mir noch ein Stück Fleisch nehmen? may [or can] I help myself to another piece of meat?darf ich auch mal sehen/probieren? may I have a look/try too?4. (können)wir \dürfen es bezweifeln we have reason to doubtman darf erwarten, dass... it is to be expected that...du darfst mir das ruhig glauben you can [or may] take it from mewir freuen uns, Ihnen mitteilen zu \dürfen, dass... we are pleased to be able to tell you that...ich darf wohl sagen, dass... I think I can say that...es dürfte eigentlich genügen, wenn ich dir sage, dass... suffice it to say that... form, it should be enough, if I tell you that...es klingelt, das dürfte Ulrike sein there's a ring at the door, that must be Ulrikees dürfte wohl das Beste sein, wenn... it would probably be best when/if...das dürfte der Grund sein that is probably whyes dürfte schon Mitternacht sein it must be about midnightes dürfte ihnen bekannt sein, dass... you might be aware of the fact that...6.▶ es darf nicht sein, dass... it can't be [or it's not right] that...▶ was darf es sein? what would you like?II. vi<darf, durfte, gedurft>darf ich [auch mal]? may I [too]?ja, Sie \dürfen yes, you maysie hat nicht gedurft she wasn't allowed todarf ich nach draußen? may [or can] I go outside?III. vt<darf, durfte, gedurft>▪ etw \dürfen to be allowed to do sthdarfst du das? are you allowed to?das darf man nicht! that's not allowed!nein, das darfst du definitiv nicht! no, you may definitely not!das darfst du auf gar keinen Fall! you can't possibly do that!* * *1.unregelmäßiges Modalverb; 2. Part. dürfenetwas tun dürfen — be allowed or permitted to do something
darf ich [das tun]? — may I [do that]?
das darf man nicht tun — that is not allowed; one mustn't do that
er hat es nicht tun dürfen — he was not allowed or permitted to do it
nein, das darfst du nicht — no, you may not
du darfst nicht lügen/jetzt nicht aufgeben! — you mustn't tell lies/give up now!
das darf nicht wahr sein — (ugs.) that's incredible
darf ich Sie bitten, das zu tun? — could I ask you to do that?
darf ich um diesen Tanz bitten? — may I have [the pleasure of] this dance?
was möchten Sie trinken, was darf es sein? — what can I get you to drink?
darf ich bitten? — (um einen Tanz) may I have the pleasure?; (einzutreten) won't you come in?
Ruhe, wenn ich bitten darf! — will you please be quiet!
3) (Grund haben zu)ich darf Ihnen mitteilen, dass... — I am able to inform you that...
darf ich annehmen, dass...? — can I assume that...?
sie darf sich nicht beklagen — she can't complain; she has no reason to complain
4) Konjunktiv II + Inf2.das dürfte der Grund sein — that is probably the reason; (ich nehme an, dass das der Grund ist) that must be the reason
unregelmäßiges transitives, intransitives Verber hat nicht gedurft — he was not allowed or permitted to
* * *A. v/mod; darf, durfte, hat (+inf) dürfen1. Erlaubnis bzw Verbot: be allowed to (+inf)darf ich rausgehen? can ( höflich: may) I go out?;ich darf keinen Alkohol trinken I’m not allowed (to drink) any alcohol;man wird doch wohl noch fragen dürfen you’re allowed to ask, aren’t you?2. Ratschlag, Aufforderung, Warnung etc:du darfst den Hund nicht anfassen you mustn’t touch the dog, don’t touch the dog;so etwas darf einfach nicht vorkommen something like that simply cannot be allowed to happen;so etwas darfst du nicht sagen you mustn’t ( oder shouldn’t) say things like that;das hättest du nicht sagen dürfen you shouldn’t have said that;das darf keiner erfahren nobody’s to know, nobody must find outwenn man es so nennen darf if one can call it that;du darfst stolz auf ihn sein you can be proud of him;du darfst es mir glauben you can take my word for it;das darf man wohl sagen iron you can say that again;ich darf Ihnen mitteilen, dass … I am able to inform you that …;da darf er sich nicht wundern he shouldn’t be surprised, that shouldn’t surprise him;das darf wohl nicht wahr sein! that’s incredible, I don’t believe it!4. Vermutung:es dürfte bald zu Ende sein it should be finished soon;das dürfte die beste Lösung sein that’s probably ( oder that seems to be, I think that’s) the best solution;es dürfte Regen geben it might rain, there could be rain;das dürfte reichen that should be enough ( oder suffice)was darf’s sein? what can I do for you?; als Gastgeber: what would you like (to drink)?, what’s your poison? umg, hum;ich darf mich jetzt verabschieden I’m afraid I’ve got to go now;dürfte ich mir die Frage erlauben? may I ask a question?;wenn ich mich kurz entschuldigen dürfte if you would excuse me for a moment;B. v/t & v/i; darf, durfte, hat gedurft; umg1. Erlaubnis, Verbot:man? may I?;nein, du darfst nicht no you can’t; bestimmter: no you may not;das darf man nicht you’re etc not allowed, it isn’t permitted;er darf/durfte nicht nach draußen he’s not/he wasn’t allowed out;darfst du das denn? are you allowed to (do that) then?;das hätte er eigentlich nicht gedurft he wasn’t really allowed (to do it)2. Ratschlag etc:das darfst du doch nicht you shouldn’t do (things like) that;ich geb’s auf! -nein, das darfst du nicht! no you shouldn’t (do that)* * *1.unregelmäßiges Modalverb; 2. Part. dürfenetwas tun dürfen — be allowed or permitted to do something
darf ich [das tun]? — may I [do that]?
das darf man nicht tun — that is not allowed; one mustn't do that
er hat es nicht tun dürfen — he was not allowed or permitted to do it
nein, das darfst du nicht — no, you may not
du darfst nicht lügen/jetzt nicht aufgeben! — you mustn't tell lies/give up now!
das darf nicht wahr sein — (ugs.) that's incredible
darf ich Sie bitten, das zu tun? — could I ask you to do that?
darf od. dürfte ich mal Ihre Papiere sehen? — may I see your papers?
darf ich um diesen Tanz bitten? — may I have [the pleasure of] this dance?
was möchten Sie trinken, was darf es sein? — what can I get you to drink?
darf ich bitten? — (um einen Tanz) may I have the pleasure?; (einzutreten) won't you come in?
Ruhe, wenn ich bitten darf! — will you please be quiet!
ich darf Ihnen mitteilen, dass... — I am able to inform you that...
darf ich annehmen, dass...? — can I assume that...?
sie darf sich nicht beklagen — she can't complain; she has no reason to complain
4) Konjunktiv II + Inf2.das dürfte der Grund sein — that is probably the reason; (ich nehme an, dass das der Grund ist) that must be the reason
unregelmäßiges transitives, intransitives Verber hat nicht gedurft — he was not allowed or permitted to
* * *v.(§ p.,pp.: durfte, gedurt)= to be allowed expr.to be permitted expr.to dare v. -
88 get
ɡetpast tense - got; verb1) (to receive or obtain: I got a letter this morning.) få2) (to bring or buy: Please get me some food.) bringe, hente, kjøpe, skaffe3) (to (manage to) move, go, take, put etc: He couldn't get across the river; I got the book down from the shelf.) bevege seg, komme, rekke, ta, legge4) (to cause to be in a certain condition etc: You'll get me into trouble.) få til å, sørge for at5) (to become: You're getting old.) bli6) (to persuade: I'll try to get him to go.) få til å, overtale7) (to arrive: When did they get home?) (an)komme8) (to succeed (in doing) or to happen (to do) something: I'll soon get to know the neighbours; I got the book read last night.) få, lære å9) (to catch (a disease etc): She got measles last week.) få10) (to catch (someone): The police will soon get the thief.) få tak i, fange11) (to understand: I didn't get the point of his story.) skjønne/få tak i poenget•- getaway- get-together
- get-up
- be getting on for
- get about
- get across
- get after
- get ahead
- get along
- get around
- get around to
- get at
- get away
- get away with
- get back
- get by
- get down
- get down to
- get in
- get into
- get nowhere
- get off
- get on
- get on at
- get out
- get out of
- get over
- get round
- get around to
- get round to
- get there
- get through
- get together
- get up
- get up tobli--------få--------henteIsubst. \/ɡet\/1) ( foreldet om dyr) avkom2) (brit., hverdagslig) tosk, idiot3) (austr., newzealandsk, hverdagslig) fluktget up and go ( hverdagslig) ambisjon, initiativII1) få, motta2) skaffe seg3) (om sykdom, lidelse) pådra seg, få4) ( om fordeler e.l.) oppnå, få5) hente, skaffe til veie• will you get me a drink, please?6) finne, få, ha (på et gitt sted eller i en gitt situasjon)• for someone used to the weather we get in Norway, it shouldn't be too bad7) ( om transportmidler) ta, kjøre med, rekke, nå8) ( matematikk) få• what do you get if you subtract sixteen from twenty-eight?9) ( som reaksjon på ringesignal) åpne (døren), ta (telefonen)10) bli11) få sjanse til, få anledning til12) ( om transportmidler) komme, ankomme• what time does the plane get here?13) ( om situasjoner) få opp i, sette14) komme (fra et sted til et annet), komme seg15) anholde, ta til fange16) treffe, slå• you got me right in the eye!17) ( hverdagslig) straffe, skade, drepe• my big brother will get you for this!18) ( hverdagslig) irritere, plage19) ( hverdagslig) more• you have got me now, I have no idea what to say or do21) forstå• what does it mean? I just don't get it22) ( gammeldags) tilegne seg, lærefor getting on ( om tid) i nærmere, i bortimotget about sette i gang medla oss sette i gang med arbeidet reise rundt, røre på seg, forflytte seg( om pasient) være oppe ( om rykte) komme ut, spre segget above oneself ( hverdagslig) briske seg, være brautende, bli høy på pæraget abroad ( om rykte) komme ut, spre segget across (to) ( hverdagslig) gå inn (hos), gå hjem (blant), finne gehør (hos), nå frem (til)irritere, forarge, ergreget across the footlights ( teater) nå frem til publikumget across with komme på kant medget ahead gjøre suksess, ha fremgang, komme seg fremget ahead of gå forbi, komme forbi, passereget along klare seg, overlevekomme videre, komme fremover, gjøre fremskritt gå (sin vei)• get along with you!kom deg vekk! \/ stikk!(spesielt amer.) komme overens, trives sammen, være vennerget along! (spesielt britisk, hverdagslig) gi deg, da!, slapp av!get at få tak i, nå, skaffeforståsikte til, mene, insinuere, hinte om• who are you getting at?• what are you getting at?hvor er det du vil?\/hva er det du prøver å si?( hverdagslig) bestikke, kjøpe(britisk, hverdagslig) hakke på, trakassereget at it! ( hverdagslig) sett i gang!get away (from) komme seg vekk (fra), dra (fra), slippe fra, komme fra• did you manage to get away this Easter?slippe unna (fra), rømme, unnslippe (fra), stikke av (fra)• there's no getting away from the fact that...man kommer ikke bort fra at...get away with ( hverdagslig) lykkes med, hale i land, gå fri, vri seg unna, slippe unna medget away with you! ( hverdagslig) sludder!, tøv!, ikke tull!get back få igjen, få tilbake, skaffe tilbakekomme\/gå tilbake, vende tilbakeget back at somebody eller get one's own back on somebody ( hverdagslig) ta revansje over noen, hevne seg på noen, gjøre gjengjeld overfor noenget before komme førget behind komme etter forstå, komme på, komme bakget busy ( hverdagslig) sette i gangget by komme (seg) forbiklare seg, passere, duge• can I get by in these clothes?get by someone with something narre noen til å tro noeget cracking ( hverdagslig) begynneget down (amer., slang, gambling) legge pengene på bordetlegg pengene på bordet, alle sammen, så vi får begynt(eksamen, prøve) skjerpe seg, gjøre det godt(amer., slang, vulgært) ha samleie• I can't relate to a guy who's only interested in getting down every time we meetjeg kan ikke forholde meg til en type som bare er interessert i å gå til sengs hver gang vi møtesfå ned, få i segnotere, skrive ned• did you get the conversation down?bli lei seg, slite på, tyngeikke ta det så tungt\/ikke la det gå inn på deggå av, gå ned, stige av, stige ned, gå fra bordethan satte\/la seg på bakken(amer., hverdagslig) slå seg løs på dansegulvet• get down and party!get down on (amer., slang) gi innget down on one's knees se ➢ knee, 1get down to begynne, sette i gang medget forward komme fremover, gå fremover, gjøre fremskritt, komme seg frem (i verden), gå påget home ( hverdagslig) gjøre inntrykkget going komme i gang, dra av gårdeget his\/hers etc. få som fortjent ( hverdagslig) bli dreptget in få inn, ta inn, få under tak, hente inninnkasseresette innføye til, ta med, få medfå hjem, få i hus( hverdagslig) rekke, ha tid tilankomme, komme (seg) inn, gå inn( sport) komme i mål ( om politisk parti eller politiker) komme inn, bli innvalgt( sjøfart) komme på kloss hold avget in on komme inn i, få et ben innenforget into ( om transportmiddel) gå inn i, sette seg inn i( om klær) komme i, få på seg ( om situasjon) havne i, dumpe opp ikomme inn i, bli vant med( overført) bli tent på, bli bitt av( om følelser) påvirke, styre, komme overget into a rage se ➢ rage, 1get in with komme sammen med, bli kjent med, gjøre seg til venns medget it done with bli ferdig med noe, få unna noe, få noe unnagjortget it in the neck se ➢ neck, 1get it off (slang, vulgært) la det gå for en, få utløsning• he was no fun in bed, he got it off before we'd even startedhan var ikke noe morsom i senga, det gikk for ham før vi var skikkelig i gangget it together ( hverdagslig) få ting til å fungere, lykkes med livetget lost bli borte, gå seg bort• get lost!get off få av (seg), få opp, få løs, ta av (seg), ta oppsende av gårde, få av gårdefå til å sovnebli frikjent, slippe straffklare seg, slippe unnabli ferdig med, forlatedra, komme seg av gårde, startegå av, stige av• can you tell me where to get off?gå vekk fra, gå ned fragifte bort, bli giftgi oppget off (on something) (amer., slang) nyte (noe), digge (noe), bli tilfredsstilt (av noe)• can you believe it, back in the '80s I used to get off on this kind of musickan du skjønne det, på 80-tallet digget jeg denne typen musikk(narkotika, slang) ruse seg (på noe), få rus (av noe)• they said it was a blast to get off on that new drug everyone's talking about(amer., om jazzmusiker) foreta en vellykket improvisasjonget off it! kutt ut!, hold opp!get off on the right\/wrong foot se ➢ foot, 1get something off one's chest se ➢ chest, 1get off somebody's back se ➢ back, 1get off to bed se ➢ bed, 1get off to sleep se ➢ sleep, 1get off with ( hverdagslig) bli kjent med, stå i med(britisk, hverdagslig) ha sex, ligge medget off work se ➢ work, 1get on få på, sette på( om klær) ta på seg, få på segøke, sette opp anspore, inspirere, spore( om transportmidler) gå på, komme på, stige på, sette seg pågå videre, fortsette, komme seg fremklare seg, slå seg frem, lykkes, ha fremgang, trives• how is he getting on?( om arbeid) gå fremover, gå unna• how is work getting on?• get on or get out!komme overens, trives sammenvi kommer godt overens \/ vi trives sammenbli eldreget one's act together se ➢ act, 1get oneself together skjerpe seg, ta seg sammenget oneself up pynte seg, kle seg opp, gjøre seg finhun var velstelt og velkledd\/hun var elegantget one's mad up\/out ( slang) bli sintget on like a house on fire se ➢ house, 1get (up) on one's feet se ➢ foot, 1get on one's nerves se ➢ nerve, 1get one's own back kunne hevde seg, kunne måle seg med noenget on to komme med( om telefon) få tak i, få snakke med( hverdagslig) fatte, forstågjennomskuemerke, få greie på ( spesielt britisk) ta kontakt medget on with ( om arbeid) gå fremover, gå unna• how is work getting on?fortsette, holde på med, sysle medget on (with it)! skynd deg!, fort deg!get out få fremta frem, hente fremfå ut, ta ut, få oppgi ut, komme ut med( om plan e.l.) lage komme (seg) opp av, gå av komme ut, lekke ut( som interjeksjon) forsvinn, ut med deg ( som interjeksjon) sludder, tullget out from under komme seg ut av knipenget out of ( om transportmidler) gå av, gå ut av, komme ut av, stige ut av, slippe ut avkomme (seg) unna, unnslippe, snike (seg) unnaget out of here! (spesielt amer.) gi deg!get out of line være frempå, være frekkget outside of ( slang) helle i seg (drikke), stappe i seg (mat)• you've got outside of the lot!( slang) fatte, forståget over komme over, gå over overvinne, komme overkomme seg etter (sykdom e.l.) komme over, glemme• you can't get over the fact that...get round eller get around omgå, komme utenom, komme forbilure, narre, lokke, overtalebli frisk, komme seg løse (et problem) reise rundt, røre på segget round to doing something få anledning til å gjøre noe, få tid til å gjøre noe, ha tiltak tilget shot\/shut of ( hverdagslig) bli kvittget someone sette noen fast• you've got me there!ta noen• I'll get you!• I got you!nå har jeg deg! \/ der tok jeg deg!• get him!get someone back kjøre noen tilbake, følge noen hjem, passe på at noen kommer vel hjemget someone down gjøre noen deprimert, ta motet fra noenget someone going få noen i gangget someone in (to do something) få noen hjem til seg (for å gjøre noe)get someone into få noen inn isette noen i, dra noen inn i, få noen til å havne iget someone\/something to do something få noen\/noe til å gjøre noeget something across to somebody få noen til å forstå gjøre lykke hos noenget something done sørge for at noe blir gjort, få noe gjortget something down notere, skrive noe ned (om mat, drikke) få noe ned, svelge unnaget something out (om ytring, publikasjon e.l.) få noe ut, utgi noe (britisk, om oppgave eller problem) lykkes medget something out of få noe ut av, sko seg på, oppnåget something out of somebody lokke noe ut av noenget something over ( om idé e.l.) formidleget something over with få noe unnagjortget something sorted out få noe gjort, ordne opp i noeget straight ( hverdagslig) ordne i rekkefølge• in this case, it is important to get the facts straight• get this straight!get stuck into ( slang) begynne jobbe intenstget the best\/worst of somebody få frem det beste\/verste i noenget thee behind me, Satan ( bibelsk) vik fra meg, Satanget there komme seg dit, nå sitt mål, lykkesget through få gjennom, drive gjennomgå gjennom, komme (seg) igjennom, bli ferdig med, greie, avslutte( kommunikasjon) komme frem• I don't know where she is, I've been trying to get through to her all daykomme ut, sive ut, lekke utbruke opp, kvitte seg med( overført) nå frem til, få kontaktget through with bli ferdig med, avslutte, hale i landget through to nå frem til, komme innpåget to bli etter hvert, lære seg åkomme (frem) til, nåkomme i gang medbegynne å spise gå noen på nervene( hverdagslig) gjøre inntrykkget to be bli (etter hvert)get together få sammen, samle (sammen), samles, treffes, møtes(amer.) være enige, enes ordne (opp), sette i stand, ryddeget to know få vite, få greie på• how did you get to know it?bli kjent medget to see treffe, ha mulighet til å treffe• do you ever get to see him?get under få kontroll over, få bukt medkue, undertrykkeget up få opp, få til å reise seg, løfte opp stå oppreise seg, stille seg opp( som interjeksjon) opp med deg, reis deg stige til hest ordne, fikse, arrangere, ordne i stand, stille opp, få sammensette sammen, monterefinne på, dikte opputstyrekle ut (til), pynte, utstyre( om teaterstykke) sette opp, iscenesette vaske og strykefå (opp), opparbeide segforbedre (helsen), opparbeide (følelser) tilegne seg, lære seg, lese seg til, lese seg opp påsette seg inn i, trene opp( om tap) ta igjen ( om vind eller bølger) tilta, bli kraftigere, øke på, friskne påøke, tilta, få fartkomme frem, fly ut av(skog, kratt e.l.)get up to komme til, nå frem tilfinne på, stelle til, ha noe (galt) foreget (out) while the getting's good ( hverdagslig) slutte mens leken er god, komme seg ut mens det ennå er muligget weaving ( slang) begynneget with it ( slang) være med på tinggot up kunstig, tilgjorthave got ha, eie• what have you got?hva er det? \/ hva har du der?have got to være nødt til, måttewhat you see is what you get eller WYSIWYG ( hverdagslig) det blir ikke bedre enn som så den leveres i denne utførelsen ( EDB) det du ser (på skjermen) er det du får ut (som utskrift) -
89 mål
I sg - målet, pl - målязы́к м, го́вор м, наре́чие сII sg - målet, pl - måltábe mål og mǽle — потеря́ть дар ре́чи
1) ме́ра ж, ме́рка ж; разме́р мmål og vægt — ме́ра и вес
2) цель ж, мише́нь жsǽtte sig et mål... — поста́вить себе́ це́лью...
3) спорт. гол мláve [scóre, skýde] mål — заби́ть гол
4) спорт. воро́та мн* * *aim, goal, measure, measurement, object, objective, target* * *I. (et -)( som man sigter på) mark ( fx the bullet found its mark);( skydeskive, mål for artilleriild, bombenedkastning etc) target;(mil.: angrebsmål) objective ( fx all our objectives were reached);( ved hestevæddeløb) winning post,( ved kapløb) finishing line;(fodboldmål etc) goal;( bestemmelsessted) destination;( som man stiler imod; konkret mål) target ( fx the Government has set itself the target of building 300,000 houses a year), objective ( fxwe hope to achieve our economic objectives);( formål) purpose ( fx the purpose of his visit),( mere veldefineret) aim ( fx the aim of our policy, his aim in life),( som man arbejder for nu) object ( fx the object of his visit (, of his desires), his object in life),( især fjernere, som kræver udholdenhed) goal ( fx the party seems to have no clear idea of its goal; his goal in life; the goal of his desires),(F: endemål) end ( fx with this end in view);( i undervisning) objective;( måleenhed, måleredskab) measure ( fx the metre is a measure of length; a litre measure);( størrelse) measurement ( fx her measurements round the chest, waist and hip; inside (, outside) measurement), dimensions ( fx the inside (, outside) dimensions of the box);[ mål og vægt] weights and measures;[ syet efter mål] made to measure;[ forfølge et mål] pursue an aim (el. object el. end);[ i fuldt mål] in full measure, to the full;(fig) that is the limit;(fig) to crown (el. cap) it all;(mat.) greatest common measure, G.C.M.;[ få mål] score (a goal);[ knapt mål] short measure;[ lave mål] score (a goal);[ med det mål at] with the object of -ing;[ militære mål] military objectives,( for luftangreb) military targets;[ nå sit mål, nå sine ønskers mål], se I. nå;[ i rigt mål] abundantly;[ et mål i sig selv] an end in itself;(også fig) overshoot the mark;( i fodbold) shoot too high;[ skyde på mål] shoot at goal;[ skyde til måls] shoot (, fire) at a target;[ skyde til måls efter] shoot (, fire) at;[ kunne stå mål med] come up to, bear comparison with, compare (favourably) with;[ tage mål af en] take somebody's measurements, measure somebody ( til for),(fig) size somebody up, measure somebody with one's eye, look somebody up and down;[ uden mål og med] aimlessly.II. (et -)( dialekt) dialect;( mæle) speech. -
90 Á
* * *a negative suffix to verbs, not;era útmakligt, at it is not unmeet that.* * *1.á, prep., often used elliptically, or even adverbially, [Goth. ana; Engl. on; Germ. an. In the Scandinavian idioms the liquid n is absorbed. In English the same has been supposed to happen in adverbial phrases, e. g. ‘along, away, abroad, afoot, again, agate, ahead, aloft, alone, askew, aside, astray, awry,’ etc. It is indeed true that the Ormulum in its northern dialect freq. uses o, even in common phrases, such as ‘o boke, o land, o life, o slæpe, o strande, o write, o naht, o loft,’ etc., v. the glossary; and we may compare on foot and afoot, on sleep (Engl. Vers. of Bible) and asleep; A. S. a-butan and on-butan (about); agen and ongean (again, against); on bæc, aback; on life, alive; on middan, amid. But it is more than likely that in the expressions quoted above, as well as in numberless others, as well in old as in modern English, the English a- as well as the o- of the Ormulum and the modern Scottish and north of England o- are in reality remains of this very á pronounced au or ow, which was brought by the Scandinavian settlers into the north of England. In the struggle for supremacy between the English dialects after the Conquest, the Scandinavian form á or a won the day in many cases to the exclusion of the Anglo-Saxon on. Some of these adverbs have representatives only in the Scandinavian tongues, not in Anglo-Saxon; see below, with dat. B. II, C. VII; with acc. C. I. and VI. The prep. á denotes the surface or outside; í and ór the inside; at, til, and frá, nearness measured to or from an object: á thus answers to the Gr. επί; the Lat. in includes á and i together.]With dat. and acc.: in the first case with the notion of remaining on a place, answering to Lat. in with abl.; in the last with the notion of motion to the place, = Lat. in with acc.WITH DAT.A. Loc.I. generally on, upon; á gólfi, on the floor, Nj. 2; á hendi, on the hand (of a ring), 48, 225; á palli, 50; á steini, 108; á vegg, 115; á sjá ok á landi, on sea and land. In some instances the distinction between d and i is loose and wavering, but in most cases common sense and usage decide; thus ‘á bók’ merely denotes the letters, the penmanship, ‘í’ the contents of a book; mod. usage, however, prefers ‘í,’ lesa í bók, but stafr á bók. Old writers on the other hand; á bókum Enskum, in English books, Landn. 24, but í Aldafars bók, 23 (in the book De Mensurâ Temporum, by Bede), cp. Grág. i. 76, where á is a false reading instead of at; á bréfi, the contents of a letter: of clothing or arms, mítr á höfði, sverð á hlið, mitre on head, sword on side, Fms. i. 266, viii. 404; hafa lykil á sér, on one’s person, 655 xxvii. 22; möttull á tyglum, a mantle hanging on (i. e. fastened by) laces, Fms. vii. 201: á þingi means to be present at a meeting; í þingi, to abide within a jurisdiction; á himni, á jörðu, on (Engl. in) heaven and earth, e. g. in the Lord’s Prayer, but í helviti, in hell; á Gimli, Edda (of a heavenly abode); á báti, á skipi denote crew and cargo, ‘í’ the timber or materials of which a ship is built, Eg. 385; vera í stafni á skipi, 177: á skógi, to be abroad in a wood (of a hunter, robber, deer); but to be situated (a house), at work (to fell timber), í skógi, 573, Fs. 5, Fms. iii. 122, viii. 31, xi. 1, Glúm. 330, Landn. 173; á mörkinni, Fms. i. 8, but í mörk, of a farm; á firðinum means lying in a firth, of ships or islands (on the surface of the water), þær eyjar liggja á Breiðafirði, Ld. 36; but í firði, living in a district named Firth; á landi, Nj. 98, Fms. xi. 386.II. á is commonly used in connection with the pr. names or countries terminating in ‘land,’ Engl. in, á Englandi, Írlandi, Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Saxlandi, Vindlandi, Vínlandi, Grænalandi, Íslandi, Hálogalandi, Rogalandi, Jótlandi, Frakklandi, Hjaltlandi, Jamtalandi, Hvítramannalandi, Norðrlöndum, etc., vide Landn. and the index to Fms. xii. In old writers í is here very rare, in modern authors more frequent; taste and the context in many instances decide. An Icelander would now say, speaking of the queen or king, ‘á Englandi,’ ruling over, but to live ‘í Englandi,’ or ‘á Englandi;’ the rule in the last case not being quite fixed.2. in connection with other names of countries: á Mæri, Vörs, Ögðum, Fjölum, all districts of Norway, v. Landn.; á Mýrum (in Icel.), á Finnmörk, Landn., á Fjóni (a Danish island); but í Danmörk, Svíþjóð (á Svíþjóðu is poët., Gs. 13).3. before Icel. farms denoting open and elevated slopes and spaces (not too high, because then ‘at’ must be used), such as ‘staðr, völlr, ból, hjalli, bakki, heimr, eyri,’ etc.; á Veggjum, Landn. 69; á Hólmlátri, id.: those ending in ‘-staðr,’ á Geirmundarstöðum, Þórisstöðum, Jarðlangsstöðum…, Landn.: ‘-völlr,’ á Möðruvöllum: á Fitjum (the farm) í Storð (the island), í Fenhring (the island) á Aski (the farm), Landn., Eg.: ‘-nes’ sometimes takes á, sometimes í (in mod. usage always ‘í’), á Nesi, Eb. 14, or í Krossnesi, 30; in the last case the notion of island, νησος, prevails: so also, ‘fjörðr,’ as, þeir börðust á Vigrafirði (of a fight o n the ice), Landn. 101, but orusta í Hafrsfirði, 122: with ‘-bær,’ á is used in the sense of a farm or estate, hón sa á e-m bæ mikit hús ok fagrt, Edda 22; ‘í bæ’ means within doors, of the buildings: with ‘Bær’ as pr. name Landn. uses ‘í,’ 71, 160, 257, 309, 332.4. denoting on or just above; of the sun, when the time is fixed by regarding the sun in connection with points in the horizon, a standing phrase in Icel.; sól á gjáhamri, when the sun is on the crag of the Rift, Grág. i. 26, cp. Glúm. 387; so, brú á á, a bridge on a river, Fms. viii. 179, Hrafn. 20; taka hús á e-m, to surprise one, to take the house over his head, Fms. i. 11.III. á is sometimes used in old writers where we should now expect an acc., esp. in the phrase, leggja sverði (or the like) á e-m, or á e-m miðjum, to stab, Eg. 216, Gísl. 106, Band. 14; þá stakk Starkaðr sprotanum á konungi, then Starkad stabbed the king with the wand, Fas. iii. 34; bíta á kampi (vör), to bite the lips, as a token of pain or emotion, Nj. 209, 68; taka á e-u, to touch a thing, lay hold of it, v. taka; fá á e-u, id. (poët.); leggja hendr á (better at) síðum, in wrestling, Fms. x. 331; koma á úvart á e-m, to come on one unawares, ix. 407 (rare).B. TEMP. of a particular point or period of time, at, on, in:I. gener. denoting during, in the course of; á nótt, degi, nætrþeli …, Bs. i. 139; or spec. adding a pron. or an adject., á næsta sumri, the next summer; á því ári, þingi, misseri, hausti, vári, sumri …, during, in that year …, Bs. i. 679, etc.; á þrem sumrum, in the course of three summers, Grág. i. 218; á þrem várum, Fms. ii. 114; á hálfs mánaðar fresti, within half a month’s delay, Nj. 99; á tvítugs, sextugs … aldri, á barns, gamals aldri, etc., at the age of …, v. aldr: á dögum e-s, in the days of, in his reign or time, Landn. 24, Hrafn. 3, Fms. ix. 229.II. used of a fixed recurrent period or season; á várum, sumrum, haustum, vetrum, á kveldum, every spring, summer …, in the evenings, Eg. 711, Fms. i. 23, 25, vi. 394, Landn. 292: with the numeral adverbs, cp. Lat. ter in anno, um sinn á mánuði, ári, once a month, once a year, where the Engl. a is not the article but the preposition, Grág. i. 89.III. of duration; á degi, during a whole day, Fms. v. 48; á sjau nóttum, Bárð. 166; á því meli, during that time, in the meantime, Grág. i. 259.IV. connected with the seasons (á vetri, sumri, vári, hausti), ‘á’ denotes the next preceding season, the last winter, summer, autumn, Eb. 40, 238, Ld. 206: in such instances ‘á’ denotes the past, ‘at’ the future, ‘í’ the present; thus í vetri in old writers means this winter; á vetri, last winter; at vetri, next winter, Eb. 68 (in a verse), etc.C. In various other relations, more or less metaphorically, on, upon, in, to, with, towards, against:I. denoting object, in respect of, against, almost periphrastically; dvelja á náðum e-s, under one’s protection, Fms. i. 74; hafa metnað á e-u, to be proud of, to take pride in a thing, 127.2. denoting a personal relation, in; bæta e-t á e-m, to make amends, i. e. to one personally; misgöra e-t á e-m, to inflict wrong on one; hafa elsku (hatr) á e-m, to bear love ( hatred) to one, Fms. ix. 242; hefna sín á e-m, to take revenge on one’s person, on anyone; rjúfa sætt á e-m, to break truce on the person of any one, to offend against his person, Nj. 103; hafa sár á sér, 101; sjá á e-m, to read on or in one’s face; sér hann á hverjum manni hvárt til þín er vel eðr illa, 106; var þat brátt auðséð á hennar högum, at …, it could soon be seen in all her doings, that …, Ld. 22.3. also generally to shew signs of a thing; sýna fáleika á sér, to shew marks of displeasure, Nj. 14, Fs. 14; taka vel, illa, lítt, á e-u, to take a thing well, ill, or indifferently, id.; finna á sér, to feel in oneself; fann lítt á honum, hvárt …, it could hardly be seen in his face, whether …, Eb. 42; líkindi eru á, it is likely, Ld. 172; göra kost á e-u, to give a choice, chance of it, 178; eiga vald á e-u, to have power over …, Nj. 10.II. denoting encumbrance, duty, liability; er fimtardómsmál á þeim, to be subject to …, Nj. 231; the phrase, hafa e-t á hendi, or vera á hendi e-m, on one’s hands, of work or duty to be done; eindagi á fé, term, pay day, Grág. i. 140; ómagi (skylda, afvinna) á fé, of a burden or encumbrance, D. I. and Grág. in several passages.III. with a personal pronoun, sér, mér, honum …, denoting personal appearance, temper, character, look, or the like; vera þungr, léttr … á sér, to be heavy or light, either bodily or mentally; þungr á sér, corpulent, Sturl. i. 112; kátr ok léttr á sér, of a gay and light temper, Fms. x. 152; þat bragð hafði hann á sér, he looked as if, … the expression of his face was as though …, Ld., cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á sér svip, bragð, æði, sið, of one’s manner or personal appearance, to bear oneself as, or the like; skjótr (seinn) á fæti, speedy ( slow) of foot, Nj. 258.IV. as a periphrasis of the possessive pronoun connected with the limbs or parts of the body. In common Icel. such phrases as my hands, eyes, head … are hardly ever used, but höfuð, eyru, hár, nef, munnr, hendr, fætr … á mér; so ‘í’ is used of the internal parts, e. g. hjarta, bein … í mér; the eyes are regarded as inside the body, augun í honum: also without the possessive pronoun, or as a periphrasis for a genitive, brjóstið á e-m, one’s breast, Nj. 95, Edda 15; súrnar í augum, it smarts in my eyes, my eyes smart, Nj. 202; kviðinn á sér, its belly, 655 xxx. 5, Fms. vi. 350; hendr á henni, her hands, Gísl. (in a verse); í vörunum á honum, on his lips, Band. 14; ristin á honum, his step, Fms. viii. 141; harðr í tungu, sharp of tongue, Hallfred (Fs. 114); kalt (heitt) á fingrum, höndum, fótum …, cold ( warm) in the fingers, hands, feet …, i. e. with cold fingers, etc.; cp. also the phrase, verða vísa (orð) á munni, of extemporising verses or speeches, freq. in the Sagas; fastr á fótum, fast by the leg, of a bondsman, Nj. 27: of the whole body, díla fundu þeir á honum, 209. The pers. pron. is used only in solemn style (poetry, hymns, the Bible), and perhaps only when influenced by foreign languages, e. g. mitt hjarta hví svo hryggist þú, as a translation of ‘warumb betrübst du dich mein Herz?’ the famous hymn by Hans Sachs; instead of the popular hjartað í mér, Sl. 43, 44: hjartað mitt is only used as a term of endearment, as by a husband to his wife, parents to their child, or the like, in a metaphorical sense; the heart proper is ‘í mér,’ not ‘mitt.’2. of other things, and as a periphrasis of a genitive, of a part belonging to the whole, e. g. dyrr á husi = húsdyrr, at the house-doors; turn á kirkju = kirkju turn; stafn, skutr, segl, árar … á skipi, the stem, stern, sail … of a ship, Fms. ix. 135; blöð á lauk, á tré …, leaves of a leek, of a tree …, Fas. i. 469; egg á sverði = sverðs egg; stafr á bók; kjölr á bók, and in endless other instances.V. denoting instrumentality, by, on, or a-, by means of; afla fjár á hólmgöngum, to make money a-duelling, by means of duels, Eg. 498; á verkum sínum, to subsist on one’s own work, Njarð. 366: as a law term, sekjast á e-ju, to be convicted upon …, Grág. i. 123; sekst maðr þar á sínu eigini ( a man is guilty in re sua), ef hann tekr af þeim manni er heimild ( possessio) hefir til, ii. 191; falla á verkum sínum, to be killed flagranti delicto, v. above; fella e-n á bragði, by a sleight in wrestling; komast undan á flótta, to escape by flight, Eg. 11; á hlaupi, by one’s feet, by speed, Hkr. ii. 168; lifa á e-u, to feed on; bergja á e-u, to taste of a thing; svala sér á e-u, to quench the thirst on.VI. with subst. numerals; á þriðja tigi manna, up to thirty, i. e. from about twenty to thirty, Ld. 194; á öðru hundraði skipa, from one to two hundred sail strong, Fms. x. 126; á níunda tigi, between eighty and ninety years of age, Eg. 764, v. above: used as prep., á hendi, on one’s hand, i. e. bound to do it, v. hönd.VII. in more or less adverbial phrases it may often be translated in Engl. by a participle and a- prefixed; á lopti, aloft; á floti, afloat; á lífi, alive; á verðgangi, a-begging; á brautu, away; á baki, a-back, behind, past; á milli, a-tween; á laun, alone, secretly; á launungu, id.; á móti, against; á enda, at an end, gone; á huldu, hidden; fara á hæli, to go a-heel, i. e. backwards, Fms. vii. 70;—but in many cases these phrases are transl. by the Engl. partic. with a, which is then perh. a mere prefix, not a prep., á flugi, a-flying in the air, Nj. 79; vera á gangi, a-going; á ferli, to be about; á leiki, a-playing, Fms. i. 78; á sundi, a-swimming, ii. 27; á verði, a-watching, x. 201; á hrakningi, a-wandering; á reiki, a-wavering; á skjálfi, a-shivering; á-hleri, a-listening; á tali, a-talking, Ísl. ii. 200; á hlaupi, a-running, Hkr. ii. 268; á verki, a-working; á veiðum, a-hunting; á fiski, a-fishing; á beit, grazing: and as a law term it even means in flagranti, N. G. L. i. 348.VIII. used absolutely without a case in reference to the air or the weather, where ‘á’ is almost redundant; þoka var á mikil, a thick fog came on, Nj. 267; niðamyrkr var á, pitch darkness came on, Eg. 210; allhvast á norðan, a very strong breeze from the north, Fms. ix. 20; þá var á norðrænt, a north wind came on, 42, Ld. 56; hvaðan sem á er, from whatever point the wind is; var á hríð veðrs, a snow storm came on, Nj. 282; görði á regn, rain came on, Fms. vi. 394, xi. 35, Ld. 156.WITH ACC.A. Loc.I. denoting simple direction towards, esp. connected with verbs of motion, going, or the like; hann gékk á bergsnös, Eg. 389; á hamar, Fas. ii. 517.2. in phrases denoting direction; liggja á útborða, lying on the outside of the ship, Eg. 354; á annat borð skipinu, Fms. vii. 260; á bæði borð, on both sides of the ship, Nj. 124, Ld. 56; á tvær hliðar, on both sides, Fms. v. 73. Ísl. ii. 159; á hlið, sidewards; út á hlið, Nj. 262, Edda 44; á aðra hönd henni, Nj. 50, Ld. 46; höggva á tvær hendr, to hew or strike right and left, Ísl. ii. 368, Fas. i. 384, Fms. viii. 363, x. 383.3. upp á, upon; hann tók augu Þjaza ok kastaði upp á himin, Edda 47: with verbs denoting to look, see, horfa, sjá, líta, etc.; hann rak skygnur á land, he cast glances towards the land, Ld. 154.II. denoting direction with or without the idea of arriving:1. with verbs denoting to aim at; of a blow or thrust, stefna á fótinn, Nj. 84; spjótið stefnir á hann miðjan, 205: of the wind, gékk veðrit á vestr, the wind veered to west, Fms. ix. 28; sigla á haf, to stand out to sea, Hkr. i. 146, Fms. i. 39: with ‘út’ added, Eg. 390, Fms. x. 349.2. conveying the notion of arriving, or the intervening space being traversed; spjótið kom á miðjan skjöldinn, Eg. 379, Nj. 96, 97; langt upp á land, far up inland, Hkr. i. 146: to reach, taka ofan á belti, of the long locks of a woman, to reach down to the belt, Nj. 2; ofan á bringu, 48; á þa ofan, 91.III. without reference to the space traversed, connected with verbs denoting to go, turn, come, ride, sail, throw, or the like, motion of every kind; hann kastar honum á völlinn, he flings him down, Nj. 91; hlaupa á skip sitt, to leap on board his ship, 43; á hest, to mount quickly, Edda 75; á lend hestinum, Nj. 91; hann gengr á sáðland sitt, he walks on to his fields, 82: on, upon, komast á fætr, to get upon one’s legs, 92; ganga á land, to go a-shore, Fms. i. 40; ganga á þing, vii. 242, Grág. (often); á skóg, á merkr ok skóga, into a wood, Fb. i. 134, 257, Fms. xi. 118, Eg. 577, Nj. 130; fara á Finnmörk, to go travelling in Finmark, Fms. i. 8; koma, fara á bæ, to arrive at the farm-house; koma á veginn, Eg. 578; stíga á bát, skip, to go on board, 158; hann gékk upp á borg, he went up to the burg (castle), 717; en er þeir komu á loptriðið, 236; hrinda skipum á vatn, to float the ships down into the water, Fms. i. 58; reka austr á haf, to drift eastwards on the sea, x. 145; ríða ofan á, to ride down or over, Nj. 82.IV. in some cases the acc. is used where the dat. would be used, esp. with verbs denoting to see or hear, in such phrases as, þeir sá boða mikinn inn á fjörðinn, they saw great breakers away up in the bight of the firth, the acc. being due perhaps to a motion or direction of the eye or ear towards the object, Nj. 124; sá þeir fólkit á land, they saw the people in the direction of land, Fas. ii. 517: in phrases denoting to be placed, to sit, to be seated, the seat or bench is freq. in the acc. where the dat. would now be used; konungr var þar á land upp, the king was then up the country, the spectator or narrator is conceived as looking from the shore or sea-side, Nj. 46; sitja á miðjan bekk, to be seated on the middle bench, 50; skyldi konungs sæti vera á þann bekk … annat öndvegi var á hinn úæðra pall; hann setti konungs hásæti á miðjan þverpall, Fms. vi. 439, 440, cp. Fagrsk. l. c., Sturl. iii. 182; eru víða fjallbygðir upp á mörkina, in the mark or forest, Eg. 58; var þar mörk mikil á land upp, 229; mannsafnaðr er á land upp (viewed from the sea), Ld. 76; stóll var settr á mótið, Fas. i. 58; beiða fars á skip, to beg a passage, Grág. i. 90.V. denoting parts of the body; bíta e-n á barka, to bite one in the throat, Ísl. ii. 447; skera á háls, to cut the throat of any one, Nj. 156; brjóta e-n á háls, to break any one’s neck; brjóta e-n á bak, to break any one’s back, Fms. vii. 119; kalinn á kné, frozen to the knees with cold, Hm. 3.VI. denoting round; láta reipi á háls hesti, round his horse’s neck, 623. 33; leggja söðul á hest, Nj. 83; and ellipt., leggja á, to saddle; breiða feld á hofuð sér, to wrap a cloak over his head, 164; reyta á sik mosa, to gather moss to cover oneself with, 267; spenna hring á hönd, á fingr, Eg. 300.VII. denoting a burden; stela mat á tvá hesta, hey á fimtán hesta, i. e. a two, a fifteen horse load, Nj. 74: metaph., kjósa feigð á menn, to choose death upon them, i. e. doom them to death, Edda 22.B. TEMP.I. of a period of time, at, to; á morgun, to-morrow (í morgun now means the past morning, the morning of to-day), Ísl. ii. 333.II. if connected with the word day, ‘á’ is now used before a fixed or marked day, a day of the week, a feast day, or the like; á Laugardag, á Sunnudag …, on Saturday, Sunday, the Old Engl. a-Sunday, a-Monday, etc.; á Jóladaginn, Páskadaginn, on Yule and Easter-day; but in old writers more often used ellipt. Sunnudaginn, Jóladaginn …, by dropping the prep. ‘á,’ Fms. viii. 397, Grág. i. 18.III. connected with ‘dagr’ with the definite article suffixed, ‘á’ denotes a fixed, recurring period or season, in; á daginn, during the day-time, every day in turn, Grett. 91 A.IV. connected with ‘evening, morning, the seasons,’ with the article; á kveldit, every evening, Ld. 14; á sumarit, every summer, Vd. 128, where the new Ed. Fs. 51 reads sumrum; á haust, every autumn, Eg. 741 (perh. a misprint instead of á haustin or á haustum); á vetrinn, in the winter time, 710; á várit, every spring, Gþl. 347; the sing., however, is very rare in such cases, the old as well as mod. usage prefers the plur.; á nætrnar, by night, Nj. 210; á várin, Eg. 710; á sumrin, haustin, á morgnana, in the morning (á morgin, sing., means to-morrow); á kveldin, in the evening, only ‘dagr’ is used in sing., v. above (á daginn, not á dagana); but elliptically and by dropping the article, Icelanders say, kveld og morgna, nótt og dag, vetr sumar vor og haust, in the same sense as those above mentioned.V. denoting duration, the article is dropped in the negative phrase, aldri á sinn dag, never during one’s life; aldri á mína daga, never in my life, Bjarn. 8, where a possess. pron. is put between noun and prep., but this phrase is very rare. Such phrases as, á þann dag, that day, and á þenna dag, Stj. 12, 655 xxx. 2. 20, are unclassical.VI. á dag without article can only be used in a distributive sense, e. g. tvisvar á dag, twice a-day; this use is at present freq. in Icel., yet instances from old writers are not on record.VII. denoting a movement onward in time, such as, liðið á nótt, dag, kveld, morgun, sumar, vetr, vár, haust (or nóttina, daginn …), jól, páska, föstu, or the like, far on in the night, day …, Edda 33; er á leið vetrinn, when the winter was well on, as the winter wore on, Nj. 126; cp. áliðinn: also in the phrase, hniginn á inn efra aldr, well stricken in years, Ld. 68.C. Metaph. and in various relations:I. somewhat metaphorically, denoting an act only (not the place); fara á fund, á vit e-s, to call for one, Eg. 140; koma á ræðu við e-n, to come to a parley with, to speak, 173; ganga á tal, Nj. 103; skora á hólm, to challenge to a duel on an island; koma á grið, to enter into a service, to be domiciled, Grág. i. 151; fara á veiðar, to go a-hunting, Fms. i. 8.β. generally denoting on, upon, in, to; bjóða vöxtu á féit, to offer interest on the money, Grág. i. 198; ganga á berhögg, to come to blows, v. berhögg; fá á e-n, to make an impression upon one, Nj. 79; ganga á vápn e-s, to throw oneself on an enemy’s weapon, meet him face to face, Rd. 310; ganga á lagið, to press on up the spear-shaft after it has passed through one so as to get near one’s foe, i. e. to avail oneself of the last chance; bera fé á e-n, to bribe, Nj. 62; bera öl á e-n, to make drunk, Fas. i. 13; snúinn á e-t, inclined to, Fms. x. 142; sammælast á e-t, to agree upon, Nj. 86; sættast, verða sáttr á e-t, in the same sense, to come to an agreement, settlement, or atonement, 78, Edda 15, Eb. 288, Ld. 50, Fms. i. 279; ganga á mála, to serve for pay as a soldier, Nj. 121; ganga á vald e-s, to put oneself in his power, 267; ganga á sætt, to break an agreement; vega á veittar trygðir, to break truce, Grág. ii. 169.II. denoting in regard to, in respect to:1. of colour, complexion, the hue of the hair, or the like; hvítr, jarpr, dökkr … á hár, having white, brown, or dark … hair, Ísl. ii. 190, Nj. 39; svartr á brún ok brá, dark of brow and eyebrow; dökkr á hörund, id., etc.2. denoting skill, dexterity; hagr á tré, a good carpenter; hagr á járn, málm, smíðar …, an expert worker in iron, metals …, Eg. 4; fimr á boga, good at the bow: also used of mastership in science or arts, meistari á hörpuslátt, a master in striking the harp, Fas. iii. 220; fræðimaðr á kvæði, knowing many poems by heart, Fms. vi. 391; fræðimaðr á landnámssögur ok forna fræði, a learned scholar in histories and antiquities (of Are Frode), Ísl. ii. 189; mikill á íþrótt, skilful in an art, Edda (pref.) 148; but dat. in the phrase, kunna (vel) á skíðum, to be a cunning skater, Fms. i. 9, vii. 120.3. denoting dimensions; á hæð, lengd, breidd, dýpt …, in the heighth, length, breadth, depth …, Eg. 277; á hvern veg, on each side, Edda 41 (square miles); á annan veg, on the one side, Grág. i. 89.β. the phrase, á sik, in regard to oneself, vel (illa) á sik kominn, of a fine ( ugly) appearance, Ld. 100, Fas. iii. 74.III. denoting instrumentality; bjargast á sínar hendr, to live on the work of one’s own hands, (á sínar spýtur is a mod. phrase in the same sense); (vega) á skálir, pundara, to weigh in scales, Grág. ii. 370; at hann hefði tvá pundara, ok hefði á hinn meira keypt en á hinn minna selt, of a man using two scales, a big one for buying and a little one for selling, Sturl. i. 91; á sinn kostnað, at one’s own expense; nefna e-n á nafn, by name, Grág. i. 17, etc. The Icel. also say, spinna á rokk, snældu, to spin on or with a rock or distaff; mala á kvern, to grind in a ‘querne,’ where Edda 73 uses dat.; esp. of musical instruments, syngja, leika á hljóðfæri, hörpu, gígju …; in the old usage, leika hörpu …, Stj. 458.IV. denoting the manner or way of doing:1. á þessa lund, in this wise, Grág. ii. 22; á marga vega, á alla, ymsa vega, in many, all, respects, Fms. i. 114; á sitt hóf, in its turn, respectively, Ld. 136, where the context shews that the expression answers to the Lat. mutatis mutandis; á Þýðersku, after German fashion, Sks. 288.2. esp. of language; mæla, rita á e-a tungu, to speak, write in a tongue; á Írsku, in Irish, Ld. 76; Norrænu, in Norse, Eb. 330, Vm. 35; a Danska tungu, in Danish, i. e. Scandinavian, Norse, or Icelandic, Grág. i. 18; á Vára tungu, i. e. in Icelandic, 181; rita á Norræna tungu, to write in Norse, Hkr. (pref.), Bs. i. 59:—at present, dat. is sometimes used.3. in some phrases the acc. is used instead of the dat.; hann sýndi á sik mikit gaman, Fms. x. 329; hann lét ekki á sik finna, he shewed no sign of motion, Nj. 111; skaltú önga fáleika á þik gera (Cod. Kalf.), 14.V. used in a distributive sense; skal mörk kaupa gæzlu á kú, eðr oxa fim vetra gamlan, a mark for every cow, Grág. i. 147; alin á hvert hross, 442; á mann, per man (now freq.): cp. also á dag above, lit. B.VI. connected with nouns,1. prepositional; á hendr (with dat.), against; á hæla, at heel, close behind; á bak, at back, i. e. past, after; á vit (with gen.), towards.2. adverbially; á braut, away, abroad; á víxl, in turns; á mis, amiss; á víð ok dreif, a-wide and a-drift, i. e. dispersedly.3. used almost redundantly before the following prep.; á eptir, after, behind; á undan, in front of; á meðal, á milli, among; á mót, against; á við, about, alike; á frá (cp. Swed. ifrån), from (rare); á fyrir = fyrir, Haustl. 1; á hjá, beside (rare); á fram, a-head, forwards; á samt, together; ávalt = of allt, always: following a prep., upp á, upon; niðr á, down upon; ofan á, eptir á, post eventum, (temp.) á eptir is loc., id., etc.VII. connected with many transitive verbs, answering to the Lat. ad- or in-, in composition, in many cases periphrastically for an objective case. The prep. generally follows after the verb, instead of being prefixed to it as in Lat., and answers to the Engl. on, to; heita kalla, hrópa á, to call on; heyra, hlusta, hlyða á, to hearken to, listen to; hyggja, hugsa á, to think on; minna á, to remind; sjá, líta, horfa, stara, mæna, glápa, koma auga … á, to look on; girnast á, to wish for; trúa á, to believe on; skora á, to call on any one to come out, challenge; kæra á, to accuse; heilsa á, to greet; herja, ganga, ríða, hlaupa, ráða … á, to fall on, attack, cp. ágangr, áreið, áhlaup; ljúga á, to tell lies of, to slander; telja á, to carp at; ausa, tala, hella, kasta, verpa … á, to pour, throw on; ríða, bera, dreifa á, to sprinkle on; vanta, skorta á, to fall short of; ala á, to plead, beg; leggja á, to throw a spell on, lay a saddle on; hætta á, to venture on; gizka á, to guess at; kveða á, to fix on, etc.: in a reciprocal sense, haldast á, of mutual strife; sendast á, to exchange presents; skrifast á, to correspond (mod.); kallast á, to shout mutually; standast á, to coincide, so as to be just opposite one another, etc.2.f. [Lat. aqua; Goth. ahva; Hel. aha; A. S. eâ; O. H. G. aha, owa; cp. Germ. ach and aue; Fr. eau, eaux; Engl. Ax-, Ex-, etc., in names of places; Swed.-Dan. å; the Scandinavians absorb the hu, so that only a single vowel or diphthong remains of the whole word]:—a river. The old form in nom. dat. acc. sing. is , v. the introduction to A, page 1, Bs. i. 333 sq., where ́n, ́ (acc.), and ́na; so also Greg. 677; the old fragm. of Grág. ii. 222, 223, new Ed. In the Kb. of the Edda the old form occurs twice, viz. page 75, ́na (acc.), (but two lines below, ána), í ́nni (dat.) The old form also repeatedly occurs in the Kb. and Sb. of the Grág., e. g. ii. 266, 267: gen. sing. ár; nom. pl. ár, gen. á contracted, dat. ám, obsolete form ́m; Edda 43, Eg. 80, 99, 133, 185: proverbs, at ósi skal á stemma, answering to the Lat. principiis obsta, Edda 60; hér kemr á til sæfar, here the river runs into the sea, metaph. = this is the very end, seems to have been a favourite ending of old poems; it is recorded in the Húsdrápa and the Norðsetadrápa, v. Edda 96, Skálda 198; cp. the common saying, oil vötn renna til sævar, ‘all waters run into the sea.’ Rivers with glacier water are in Icel. called Hvítá, White river, or Jökulsá: Hitá, Hot river, from a hot spring, opp. to Kaldá, v. Landn.: others take a name from the fish in them, as Laxá, Lax or Salmon river (freq.); Örriða á, etc.: a tributary river is þverá, etc.: ár in the Njála often means the great rivers Ölfusá and Þjórsá in the south of Iceland. Áin helga, a river in Sweden, Hkr. ii: á is also suffixed to the names of foreign rivers, Tempsá = Thames; Dóná, Danube (Germ. Don-au), (mod.), etc. Vide Edda (Gl.) 116, 117, containing the names of over a hundred North-English and Scottish rivers.COMPDS: áráll, árbakki, árbrot, ardjúp, árfarvegr, árfors, árgljúfr, árhlutr, ármegin, árminni, ármót, áróss, árreki, árstraumr, árströnd, árvað, árvegr, árvöxtr. -
91 υἱός
υἱός, οῦ, ὁ (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.) prim. ‘son’① a male who is in a kinship relationship either biologically or by legal action, son, offspring, descendantⓐ the direct male issue of a person, son τέξεται υἱόν Mt 1:21; GJs 14:2 (cp. Mel., P. 8, 53 ὡς γὰρ υἱὸς τεχθείς). Cp. Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14) and 25; 10:37 (w. θυγάτηρ); Mk 12:6a; Lk 1:13, 31, 57; 11:11; 15:11 (on this JEngel, Die Parabel v. Verlorenen Sohn: ThGl 18, 1926, 54–64; MFrost, The Prodigal Son: Exp. 9th ser., 2, 1924, 56–60; EBuonaiuti, Religio 11, ’35, 398–402); Ac 7:29; Ro 9:9 (cp. Gen 18:10); Gal 4:22 al. W. gen. Mt 7:9; 20:20f; 21:37ab; Mk 6:3; 9:17; Lk 3:2; 4:22; 15:19; J 9:19f; Ac 13:21; 16:1; 23:16; Gal 4:30abc (Gen 21:10abc); Js 2:21; AcPlCor 2:29. Also ἐγὼ Φαρισαῖός εἰμι υἱὸς Φαρισαίων Ac 23:6 is prob. a ref. to direct descent. μονογενὴς υἱός (s. μονογενής 1) Lk 7:12. ὁ υἱὸς ὁ πρωτότοκος (πρωτότοκος 1) 2:7.ⓑ the immediate male offspring of an animal (Ps 28:1 υἱοὺς κριῶν; Sir 38:25. So Lat. filius: Columella 6, 37, 4) in our lit. only as foal ἐπὶ πῶλον υἱὸν ὑποζυγίου Mt 21:5 (cp. Zech 9:9 πῶλον νέον).ⓒ human offspring in an extended line of descent, descendant, son Ἰωσὴφ υἱὸς Δαυίδ Mt 1:20 (cp. Jos., Ant. 11, 73); s. 2dα below. υἱοὶ Ἰσραήλ (Ἰσραήλ 1) Mt 27:9; Lk 1:16; Ac 5:21; 7:23, 37; 9:15; 10:36; Ro 9:27; 2 Cor 3:7, 13; Hb 11:22 al.; AcPlCor 2:32. οἱ υἱοὶ Λευί (Num 26:57) Hb 7:5. υἱὸς Ἀβραάμ Lk 19:9. υἱοὶ Ἀδάμ 1 Cl 29:2 (Dt 32:8). υἱοι Ῥουβήλ GJs 6:3.ⓓ one who is accepted or legally adopted as a son (Herodian 5, 7, 1; 4; 5; Jos, Ant. 2, 263; 20, 150) Ac 7:21 (cp. Ex 2:10).—J 19:26.② a pers. related or closely associated as if by ties of sonship, son, transf. sense of 1ⓐ of a pupil, follower, or one who is otherw. a spiritual son (SIG 1169, 12 οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ θεοῦ=the pupils and helpers [40] of Asclepius; sim. Maximus Tyr. 4, 2c; Just., D. 86, 6 οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν προφητῶν.—Some combination w. παῖδες is the favorite designation for those who are heirs of guild-secrets or who are to perpetuate a skill of some kind: Pla., Rep. 3, 407e, Leg. 6, 769b; Dionys. Hal., Comp. Verbi 22 p. 102, 4 Us./Rdm. ῥητόρων παῖδες; Lucian, Anach. 19, Dial. Mort. 11, 1 Χαλδαίων π.=dream-interpreters, Dips. 5 ἱατρῶν π., Amor. 49; Himerius, Or. 48 [=Or. 14], 13 σοφῶν π.): the ‘sons’ of the Pharisees Mt 12:27; Lk 11:19. Peter says Μᾶρκος ὁ υἱός μου 1 Pt 5:13 (perh. w. a component of endearment; s. Μᾶρκος). As a familiar form of address by a cherished mentor Hb 12:5 (Pr 3:11; ParJer 5:28; 7:24). υἱοὶ καὶ θυγατέρες B 1:1.ⓑ of the individual members of a large and coherent group (cp. the υἷες Ἀχαιῶν in Homer; also PsSol 2:3 οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰερουσαλήμ; Dio Chrys. 71 [21], 15; LXX) οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ λαοῦ μου 1 Cl 8:3 (scripture quot. of unknown origin). υἱοὶ γένους Ἀβραάμ Ac 13:26. οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων (Gen 11:5; Ps 11:2, 9; 44:3; TestLevi 3:10; TestZeb 9:7; GrBar 2:4) the sons of men=humans (cp. dγ below) Mk 3:28; Eph 3:5; 1 Cl 61:2 (of the earthly rulers in contrast to the heavenly king).ⓒ of one whose identity is defined in terms of a relationship with a person or thingα. of those who are bound to a personality by close, non-material ties; it is this personality that has promoted the relationship and given it its character: son(s) of: those who believe are υἱοὶ Ἀβραάμ, because Abr. was the first whose relationship to God was based on faith Gal 3:7. In a special sense the devout, believers, are sons of God, i.e., in the light of the social context, people of special status and privilege (cp. PsSol 17:27; Just., D, 124, 1; Dio Chrys. 58 [75], 8 ὁ τοῦ Διὸς ὄντως υἱός; Epict. 1, 9, 6; 1, 3, 2; 1, 19, 9; Sextus 58; 60; 135; 376a; Dt 14:1; Ps 28:1; 72:15; Is 43:6 [w. θυγατέρες μου]; 45:11; Wsd 2:18; 5:5; 12:21 al.; Jdth 9:4, 13; Esth 8:12q; 3 Macc 6:28; SibOr 3, 702) Mt 5:45; Lk 6:35; Ro 8:14, 19 (‘Redeemer figures’ EFuchs, Die Freiheit des Glaubens, ’49, 108; against him EHommel in ThViat 4, ’52, 118, n. 26); 9:26 (Hos 2:1); 2 Cor 6:18 (w. θυγατέρες, s. Is 43:6 cited above); Gal 3:26 (cp. PsSol 17:27); 4:6a, 7ab (here the υἱός is the κληρονόμος and his opposite is the δοῦλος); Hb 2:10 (JKögel, Der Sohn u. die Söhne: Eine exeget. Studie zu Hb 2:5–18, 1904); 12:5–8 (in vs. 8 opp. νόθος, q.v.); Rv 21:7; 2 Cl 1:4; B 4:9. Corresp. there are sons of the devil (on this subj. cp. Hdb. on J 8:44) υἱὲ διαβόλου Ac 13:10. οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ πονηροῦ (masc.) Mt 13:38b. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἐν Ἅιδου ApcPt Rainer. In υἱοί ἐστε τῶν φονευσάντων τοὺς προφήτας Mt 23:31 this mng. is prob. to be combined w. sense 1c. The expr. υἱοὶ θεοῦ Mt 5:9 looks to the future (s. Betz, SM ad loc.; cp. KKöhler, StKr 91, 1918, 189f). Lk 20:36a signifies a status akin to that of angels (Ps 88:7; θεῶν παῖδες as heavenly beings: Maximus Tyr. 11, 5a; 12a; 13, 6a.—Hierocles 3, 424 the ἄγγελοι are called θεῶν παῖδες; HWindisch, Friedensbringer-Gottessöhne: ZNW 24, 1925, 240–60, discounts connection w. angels and contends for the elevation of the ordinary followers of Jesus to the status of Alexander the Great in his role as an εἰρηνηποιός [cp. Plut., Mor. 329c]; for measured critique of this view s. Betz, SM 137–42.).β. υἱός w. gen. of thing, to denote one who shares in it or who is worthy of it, or who stands in some other close relation to it, oft. made clear by the context; this constr. is prob. a Hebraism in the main, but would not appear barbaric (B-D-F §162, 6; Mlt-H. 441; Dssm., B p. 162–66 [BS 161–66]; PASA II 1884, no. 2 υἱὸς πόλεως [time of Nero; on this type of formulation SEG XXXIX, 1864]; IMagnMai 167, 5; 156, 12) οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου (αἰών 2a) Lk 16:8a (opp. οἱ υἱοί τοῦ φωτός vs. 8b); 20:34. τῆς ἀναστάσεως υἱοί (to Mediterranean publics the functional equivalent of ἀθάνατοι ‘immortals’; cp. ἀνάστασις 2b) 20:36b. υἱοὶ τῆς ἀνομίας (ἀνομία 1; cp. CD 6:15) Hv 3, 6, 1; ApcPt 1:3; τῆς ἀπειθείας (s. ἀπείθεια) Eph 2:2; 5:6; Col 3:6; τῆς ἀπωλείας ApcPt 1:2. ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας of Judas the informer J 17:12 (cp. similar expressions in Eur., Hec. 425; Menand., Dyscolus 88f: s. FDanker, NTS 7, ’60/61, 94), of the end-time adversary 2 Th 2:3. υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας (βασιλεία 1bη; s. SEG XXXIX, 1864 for related expressions) Mt 8:12; 13:38a. υἱοὶ βροντῆς Mk 3:17 (s. Βοανηργές). υἱὸς γεέννης (s. γέεννα) Mt 23:15; τ. διαθήκης (PsSol 17:15) Ac 3:25; εἰρήνης Lk 10:6. υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος (s. νυμφών) Mt 9:15; Mk 2:19; Lk 5:34. υἱὸς παρακλήσεως Ac 4:36 (s. Βαρναβᾶς). υἱοὶ (τοῦ) φωτός (Hippol., Ref. 6, 47, 4 in gnostic speculation) Lk 16:8b (opp. υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου); J 12:36. υἱοὶ φωτός ἐστε καὶ υἱοὶ ἡμέρας 1 Th 5:5 (EBuonaiuti, ‘Figli del giorno e della luce’ [1 Th 5:5]: Rivista storico-critica delle Scienze teol. 6, 1910, 89–93).ⓓ in various combinations as a designation of the Messiah and a self-designation of Jesusα. υἱὸς Δαυίδ son of David of the Messiah (PsSol 17:21) Mt 22:42–45; Mk 12:35–37; Lk 20:41–44; B 12:10c. Specif. of Jesus as Messiah Mt 1:1a; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30f; 21:9, 15; Mk 10:47f; Lk 18:38f.—WWrede, Jesus als Davidssohn: Vorträge u. Studien 1907, 147–77; WBousset, Kyrios Christos2 1921, 4, Rel.3 226f; ELohmeyer, Gottesknecht u. Davidssohn ’45, esp. 68; 72; 77; 84; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 251–56; WMichaelis, Die Davidsohnschaft Jesu usw., in D. histor. Jesus u. d. kerygm. Christus, ed. Ristow and Matthiae, ’61, 317–30; LFisher, ECColwell Festschr. ’68, 82–97.β. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, υἱὸς θεοῦ (the) Son of God (for the phrase s. JosAs 6:2 al. Ἰωσὴφ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ; there is no undisputed evidence of usage as messianic title in pre-Christian Judaism [s. Dalman, Worte 219–24, Eng. tr. 268–89; Bousset, Kyrios Christos2 53f; EHuntress, ‘Son of God’ in Jewish Writings Prior to the Christian Era: JBL 54, ’35, 117–23]; cp. 4Q 246 col. 2, 1 [JFitzmyer, A Wandering Aramean ’79, 90–93; JCollins, BRev IX/3, ’93, 34–38, 57]. Among polytheists on the other hand, sons of the gods in a special sense [s. Just., A I, 21, 1f] are not only known to myth and legend, but definite historical personalities are also designated as such. Among them are famous wise men such as Pythagoras and Plato [HUsener, Das Weihnachtsfest2 1911, 71ff], and deified rulers, above all the Roman emperors since the time of Augustus [oft. in ins and pap: Dssm., B 166f=BS 166f, LO 294f=LAE 346f; Thieme 33]. According to Memnon [I B.C./ I A.D.]: 434 Fgm. 1, 1, 1 Jac., Clearchus [IV B.C.] carried his boasting so far as Διὸς υἱὸν ἑαυτὸν ἀνειπεῖν. Also, persons who were active at that time as prophets and wonder-workers laid claim to the title υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, e.g. the Samaritan Dositheus in Origen, C. Cels. 6, 11; sim. an Indian wise man who calls himself Διὸς υἱός Arrian, Anab. 7, 2, 3; cp. Did., Gen. 213, 18 ὁ Ἀβρὰμ υἱὸς θεοῦ διὰ δικαιοσύνην. S. GWetter, ‘Der Sohn Gottes’ 1916; Hdb. exc. on J 1:34; s. also Clemen2 76ff; ENorden, Die Geburt des Kindes 1924, 75; 91f; 132; 156f; EKlostermann, Hdb. exc. on Mk 1:11 [4th ed. ’50]; M-JLagrange, Les origines du dogme paulinien de la divinité de Christ: RB 45, ’36, 5–33; HPreisker, Ntl. Zeitgesch. ’37, 187–208; HBraun, ZTK 54, ’57, 353–64; ANock, ‘Son of God’ in Paul. and Hellen. Thought: Gnomon 33, ’61, 581–90 [=Essays on Religion and the Anc. World II, ’72, 928–39]—originality in Paul’s thought): Ps 2:7 is applied to Jesus υἱός μου εἶ σύ, ἐγὼ σήμερον γεγέννηκά σε Lk 3:22 D; GEb 18, 37.—Ac 13:33; Hb 1:5a; 5:5; 1 Cl 36:4. Likew. Hos 11:1 (w. significant changes): Mt 2:15, and 2 Km 7:14: Hb 1:5b. The voice of God calls him ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός (s. ἀγαπητός 1) at his baptism Mt 3:17; Mk 1:11; Lk 3:22; GEb 18, 37 and 39 and at the Transfiguration Mt 17:5; Mk 9:7; Lk 9:35 (here ἐκλελεγμένος instead of ἀγαπ.); 2 Pt 1:17. Cp. J 1:34. The angel at the Annunciation uses these expressions in referring to him: υἱὸς ὑψίστου Lk 1:32; GJs 11:3 and υἱὸς θεοῦ Lk 1:35 (Ar. 15, 1 ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ὑψίστου. Cp. Just., A I, 23, 2 μόνος ἰδίως υἱὸς τῷ θεῷ γεγέννηται). The centurion refers to him at the crucifixion as υἱὸς θεοῦ Mt 27:54; Mk 15:39; GPt 11:45; cp. vs. 46 (CMann, ET 20, 1909, 563f; JPobee, The Cry of the Centurion, A Cry of Defeat: CFDMoule Festschr. ’70, 91–102; EJohnson, JSNT 31, ’87, 3–22 [an indefinite affirmation of Jesus]). The high priest asks εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Mt 26:63 (DCatchpole, NTS 17, ’71, 213–26). Passers-by ask him to show that he is God’s Son 27:40; sim. the devil 4:3, 6; Lk 4:3, 9. On the other hand, evil spirits address him as the Son of God Mt 8:29; Mk 3:11; 5:7; Lk 4:41; 8:28; and disciples testify that he is Mt 14:33; 16:16. S. also Mk 1:1 (s. SLegg, Ev. Sec. Marc. ’35).—Jesus also refers to himself as Son of God, though rarely apart fr. the Fourth Gosp.: Mt 28:19 (the Risen Lord in the trinitarian baptismal formula); Mt 21:37f=Mk 12:6 (an allusion in the parable of the vinedressers).—Mt 27:43; Mk 13:32; Rv 2:18. The main pass. is the so-called Johannine verse in the synoptics Mt 11:27=Lk 10:22 (s. PSchmiedel, PM 4, 1900,1–22; FBurkitt, JTS 12, 1911, 296f; HSchumacher, Die Selbstoffenbarung Jesu bei Mt 11:27 [Lk 10:22] 1912 [lit.]; Norden, Agn. Th. 277–308; JWeiss, Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 120–29, Urchristentum 1917, 87ff; Bousset, Kyrios Christos2 1921, 45ff; EMeyer I 280ff; RBultmann, Gesch. d. synopt. Trad.2 ’31, 171f; MDibelius, Die Formgeschichte des Evangeliums2 ’33, 259; MRist, Is Mt 11:25–30 a Primitive Baptismal Hymn? JR 15, ’35, 63–77; TArvedson, D. Mysterium Christi: E. Studie zu Mt 11:25–30, ’37; WDavies, ‘Knowledge’ in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Mt 11:25–30, HTR 45, ’53, 113–39; WGrundmann, Sohn Gottes, ZNW 47, ’56, 113–33; JBieneck, Sohn Gottes als Christusbez. der Synopt. ’51; PWinter, Mt 11:27 and Lk 10:22: NovT 1, ’56, 112–48; JJocz, Judaica 13, ’57, 129–42; OMichel/OBetz, Von Gott Gezeugt, Beih. ZNW [Jeremias Festschr.] 26, ’60, 3–23 [Qumran]).—Apart fr. the synoptics, testimony to Jesus as the Son of God is found in many parts of our lit. Oft. in Paul: Ro 1:3, 4, 9; 5:10; 8:3, 29, 32; 1 Cor 1:9; 15:28; 2 Cor 1:19; Gal 1:16; 2:20; 4:4; Eph 4:13; Col 1:13; 1 Th 1:10. Cp. Ac 9:20. In Hb: 1:2, 8; 4:14; 5:8; 6:6; 7:3, 28; 10:29. In greatest frequency in John (cp. Herm. Wr. 1, 6 the Λόγος as υἱὸς θεοῦ. Likew. Philo, Agr. 51 πρωτόγονος υἱός, Conf. Lingu. 146 υἱὸς θεοῦ.—Theoph. Ant. 2, 1 [p. 154, 12] ὁ λόγος ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ, ὅς ἐστιν καὶ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ; Iren. 3, 12, 2 [Harv. II 55, 2]): J 1:49; 3:16–18 (s. μονογενής 2), 35f; 5:19–26; 6:40; 8:35f; 10:36; 11:4, 27; 14:13; 17:1; 19:7; 20:31; 1J 1:3, 7; 2:22–24; 3:8, 23; 4:9f, 14f; 5:5, 9–13, 20; 2J 3, 9.—B 5:9, 11; 7:2, 9; 12:8; 15:5; Dg 7:4; 9:2, 4; 10:2 (τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν μονογενῆ; also ApcEsdr 6:16 p. 31, 22 Tdf.; ApcSed 9:1f); IMg 8:2; ISm 1:1; MPol 17:3; Hv 2, 2, 8; Hs 5, 2, 6 (ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ὁ ἀγαπητός); 8; 11; 5, 4, 1; 5, 5, 2; 3; 5; 5, 6, 1; 2; 4; 7 (on the Christology of the Shepherd s. Dibelius, Hdb. on Hs 5, also ALink and JvWalter [πνεῦμα 5cα]); Hs 8, 3, 2; 8, 11, 1. Cp. 9, 1, 1; 9, 12, 1ff.—In trinitarian formulas, in addition to Mt 28:19, also IMg 13:1; EpilMosq 5; D 7:1, 3.—The deceiver of the world appears w. signs and wonders ὡς υἱὸς θεοῦ D 16:4 (ApcEsdr 4:27 p. 28, 32 Tdf. ὁ λέγων• Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ [of Antichrist]).—EKühl, Das Selbstbewusstsein Jesu 1907, 16–44; GVos, The Self-disclosure of Jesus 1926.—EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 404–17; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 211–36; MHengel, The Son of God (tr. JBowden) ’76; DJones, The Title υἱὸς θεοῦ in Acts: SBLSP 24, ’85, 451–63.γ. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου lit. ‘the son of the man’ (the pl. form οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων appears freq. in the LXX to render בְּנֵי אָדָם = mortals, e.g. Gen 11:5; Ps 10:4; 11:2; cp. ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπολείας J 17:12 [s. 2cβ]) ‘the human being, the human one, the man’ in our lit. only as a byname in ref. to Jesus and in an exclusive sense the Human One, the Human Being, one intimately linked with humanity in its primary aspect of fragility yet transcending it, traditionally rendered ‘the Son of Man.’ The term is found predom. in the gospels, where it occurs in the synoptics about 70 times (about half as oft. if parallels are excluded), and in J 12 times (s. EKlostermann, Hdb. exc. on Mk 8:31). In every case the title is applied by Jesus to himself. Nowhere within a saying or narrative about him is it found in an address to him: Mt 8:20; 9:6; 10:23; 11:19; 12:8, 32, 40; 13:37, 41; 16:13, 27f; 17:9, 12, 22; 18:10 [11] v.l.; 19:28; 20:18, 28; 24:27, 30, 37, 39, 44; 25:13 v.l., 31; 26:2, 24ab, 45, 64; Mk 2:10, 28; 8:31, 38; 9:9, 12, 31; 10:33, 45; 13:26; 14:21ab, 41, 62; Lk 5:24; 6:5, 22; 7:34; 9:22, 26, 44, 56 v.l., 58; 11:30; 12:8, 10, 40; 17:22, 24, 26, 30; 18:8, 31; 19:10; 21:27, 36; 22:22, 48, 69; 24:7.—John (FGrosheide, Υἱὸς τ. ἀνθρ. in het Evang. naar Joh.: TSt 35, 1917, 242–48; HDieckmann, D. Sohn des Menschen im J: Scholastik 2, 1927, 229–47; HWindisch, ZNW 30, ’31, 215–33; 31, ’32, 199–204; WMichaelis, TLZ 85, ’60, 561–78 [Jesus’ earthly presence]) 1:51; 3:13, 14; 5:27 (BVawter, Ezekiel and John, CBQ 26, ’64, 450–58); 6:27, 53, 62; 8:28; 9:35; 12:23, 34; 13:31. Whether the component of fragility (suggested by OT usage in ref. to the brief span of human life and the ills to which it falls heir) or high status (suggested by traditions that appear dependent on Da 7:13, which refers to one ‘like a human being’), or a blend of the two dominates a specific occurrence can be determined only by careful exegesis that in addition to extra-biblical traditions takes account of the total literary structure of the document in which it occurs. Much neglected in the discussion is the probability of prophetic association suggested by the form of address Ezk 2:1 al. (like the OT prophet [Ezk 3:4–11] Jesus encounters resistance).—On Israelite thought contemporary w. Jesus and alleged knowledge of a heavenly being looked upon as a ‘Son of Man’ or ‘Man’, who exercises Messianic functions such as judging the world (metaph., pictorial passages in En 46–48; 4 Esdr 13:3, 51f) s. Bousset, Rel.3 352–55; NMessel, D. Menschensohn in d. Bilderreden d. Hen. 1922; ESjöberg, Kenna 1 Henok och 4 Esra tanken på den lidande Människosonen? Sv. Ex. Årsb. 5, ’40, 163–83, D. Menschensohn im äth. Hen. ’46. This view is in some way connected w. Da 7:13; acc. to some it derives its real content fr. an eschatological tradition that ultimately goes back to Iran (WBousset, Hauptprobleme der Gnosis 1907, 160–223; Reitzenstein, Erlösungsmyst. 119ff, ZNW 20, 1921, 18–22, Mysterienrel.3 418ff; Clemen2 72ff; CKraeling, Anthropos and Son of Man: A Study in the Religious Syncretism of the Hellenistic Orient 1927); acc. to this tradition the First Man was deified; he will return in the last times and usher in the Kingdom of God.—Outside the gospels: Ac 7:56 (v.l. τοῦ θεοῦ; GKilpatrick, TZ 21, ’65, 209); Rv 1:13; 14:14 (both after Da 7:13; sim. allusion to Da in Just., D. 31, 1). The quot. fr. Ps 8:5 in Hb 2:6 prob. does not belong here, since there is no emphasis laid on υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου. In IEph 20:2 Jesus is described as υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου καὶ υἱὸς θεοῦ. Differently B 12:10 Ἰησοῦς, οὐχὶ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἀλλὰ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Jesus, not a man’s son, but Son of God.—HLietzmann, Der Menschensohn 1896; Dalman, Worte 191–219 (Eng. tr., 234–67); Wlh., Einl.2 123–30; PFiebig, Der Menschensohn 1901; NSchmidt, The Prophet of Nazareth 1905, 94–134, Recent Study of the Term ‘Son of Man’: JBL 45, 1926, 326–49; FTillmann, Der Menschensohn 1907; EKühl, Das Selbstbewusstsein Jesu 1907, 65ff; HHoltzmann, Das messianische Bewusstsein Jesu, 1907, 49–75 (lit.), Ntl. Theologie2 I 1911, 313–35; FBard, D. Sohn d. Menschen 1908; HGottsched, D. Menschensohn 1908; EAbbott, ‘The Son of Man’, etc., 1910; EHertlein, Die Menschensohnfrage im letzten Stadium 1911, ZNW 19, 1920, 46–48; JMoffatt, The Theology of the Gospels 1912, 150–63; WBousset, Kyrios Christos2 1921, 5–22 (the titles of the works by Wernle and Althaus opposing his first edition [1913], as well as Bousset’s answer, are found s.v. κύριος, end); DVölter, Jesus der Menschensohn 1914, Die Menschensohnfrage neu untersucht 1916; FSchulthess, ZNW 21, 1922, 247–50; Rtzst., Herr der Grösse 1919 (see also the works by the same author referred to above in this entry); EMeyer II 335ff; HGressmann, ZKG n.s. 4, 1922, 170ff, D. Messias 1929, 341ff; GDupont, Le Fils d’Homme 1924; APeake, The Messiah and the Son of Man 1924; MWagner, Der Menschensohn: NKZ 36, 1925, 245–78; Guillaume Baldensperger, Le Fils d’Homme: RHPR 5, 1925, 262–73; WBleibtreu, Jesu Selbstbez. als der Menschensohn: StKr 98/99, 1926, 164–211; AvGall, Βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ 1926; OProcksch, D. Menschensohn als Gottessohn: Christentum u. Wissensch. 3, 1927, 425–43; 473–81; CMontefiore, The Synoptic Gospels2 1927 I 64–80; ROtto, Reich Gottes u. Menschensohn ’34, Eng. tr. The Kgdm. of God and the Son of Man, tr. Filson and Woolf2 ’43; EWechssler, Hellas im Ev. ’36, 332ff; PParker, The Mng. of ‘Son of Man’: JBL 60, ’41, 151–57; HSharman, Son of Man and Kingdom of God ’43; JCampbell, The Origin and Mng. of the Term Son of Man: JTS 48, ’47, 145–55; HRiesenfeld, Jésus Transfiguré ’47, 307–13 (survey and lit.); TManson, ConNeot 11, ’47, 138–46 (Son of Man=Jesus and his disciples in Mk 2:27f); GDuncan, Jesus, Son of Man ’47, 135–53 (survey); JBowman, ET 59, ’47/48, 283–88 (background); MBlack, ET 60, ’48f, 11–15; 32–36; GKnight, Fr. Moses to Paul ’49, 163–72 (survey); TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 237–50; TManson (Da, En and gospels), BJRL 32, ’50, 171–93; TPreiss, Le Fils d’Homme: ÉThR 26/3, ’51, Life in Christ, ’54, 43–60; SMowinckel, He That Cometh, tr. Anderson, ’54, 346–450; GIber, Überlieferungsgesch. Unters. z. Begriff des Menschensohnes im NT, diss. Heidelb. ’53; ESjöberg, D. verborgene Menschensohn in den Ev. ’55; WGrundmann, ZNW 47, ’56, 113–33; HRiesenfeld, The Mythological Backgrd. of NT Christology, CHDodd Festschr. ’56, 81–95; PhVielhauer, Gottesreich u. Menschensohn in d. Verk. Jesu, GDehn Festschr. ’57, 51–79; ESidebottom, The Son of Man in J, ET 68, ’57, 231–35; 280–83; AHiggins, Son of Man- Forschung since (Manson’s) ‘The Teaching of Jesus’: NT Essays (TW Manson memorial vol.) ’59, 119–35; HTödt, D. Menschensohn in d. synopt. Überl. ’59 (tr. Barton ’65); JMuilenburg, JBL 79, ’60, 197–209 (Da, En); ESchweizer, JBL 79, ’60, 119–29 and NTS 9, ’63, 256–61; BvIersel, ‘Der Sohn’ in den synopt. Jesusworten, ’61 (community?); MBlack, BJRL 45, ’63, 305–18; FBorsch, ATR 45, ’63, 174–90; AHiggins, Jesus and the Son of Man, ’64; RFormesyn, NovT 8, ’66, 1–35 (barnasha=‘I’); SSandmel, HSilver Festschr. ’63, 355–67; JJeremias, Die älteste Schicht der Menschensohn-Logien, ZNW 58, ’67, 159–72; GVermes, MBlack, Aram. Approach3, ’67, 310–30; BLindars, The New Look on the Son of Man: BJRL 63, ’81, 437–62; WWalker, The Son of Man, Some Recent Developments CBQ 45, ’83, 584–607; JDonahue, Recent Studies on the Origin of ‘Son of Man’ in the Gospels, CBQ 48, ’86, 584–607; DBurkitt, The Nontitular Son of Man, A History and Critique: NTS 40, ’94 504–21 (lit.); JEllington, BT 40, ’89, 201–8; RGordon, Anthropos: 108–13.—B. 105; DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
92 negro
adj.1 black, jet, black-colored, ebony.2 bleak.m.1 black, black colour, black color.2 black man, Black, nigger, Negro.* * *► adjetivo1 (gen) black2 (oscuro) dark3 (bronceado) brown, tanned, suntanned4 (poco favorable) awful, terrible5 (cine, novela) detective6 (tabaco) black► nombre masculino,nombre femenino1 (color) black2 (escritor) ghostwriter3 (tabaco) black tobacco\negro,-a como la boca de lobo pitch-blacknegro,-a como un tizón as black as coalpasarlas negras familiar to have a rough time of itponer negro,-a a alguien to drive somebody up the walltenerla negra familiar to be unluckytrabajar como un negro to work like a dog, work like a slaveverlo todo negro to be very pessimisticverse negro,-a para hacer algo to have a tough time doing something■ se veían negros para arreglarlo todo en una tarde they had their work cut out to get it all done in one afternoonvérselas negras familiar to have a tough time————————1 (color) black2 (escritor) ghostwriter3 (tabaco) black tobacco* * *1. (f. - negra)noun2. (f. - negra)adj.1) black2) disastrous, awful* * *negro, -a1. ADJ1) [color, pelo] black; [ojos, tabaco] dark; [raza] black, Negro †2) (=moreno) [piel] dark, swarthy; [por el sol] tanned, brownponerse negro — to go brown, tan
3) (=sucio) filthy, black4) [estado de ánimo, humor] black, gloomy; [suerte] terrible, atrociousla cosa se pone negra — it's not going well, it looks bad
lo ve todo negro — he always sees the negative side of things, he's terribly pessimistic about everything
- verse negro- vérselas negras5) * (=enfadado) cross, peeved *poner negro a algn — to make sb cross, upset sb
ponerse negro — to get cross, cut up rough
6) (=ilegal) black7) (Pol) fascist2. SM1) (=color) blacken negro — (Fot) in black and white
2) Caribe (=café) black coffee3. SM / F1) (=persona) black, coloured person †, Negro †¡no somos negros! — we won't stand for it!, you can't do that to us!
2) * (=escritor) ghostwriter3)negra* * *I- gra adjetivo1)a) <pelo/ropa> black; < ojos> darknegro como el carbón or un tizón — as black as coal o soot
poner negro a alguien — (fam) to drive somebody up the wall (colloq)
b) (fam) ( por el sol) tannedc) ( sombrío) black, gloomypasarlas negras — (fam) to have a rough time of it (colloq)
vérselas negras — (fam)
2) <hombre/raza/piel> blackII III- gra masculino, femenino ( de raza negra) black person* * *I- gra adjetivo1)a) <pelo/ropa> black; < ojos> darknegro como el carbón or un tizón — as black as coal o soot
poner negro a alguien — (fam) to drive somebody up the wall (colloq)
b) (fam) ( por el sol) tannedc) ( sombrío) black, gloomypasarlas negras — (fam) to have a rough time of it (colloq)
vérselas negras — (fam)
2) <hombre/raza/piel> blackII III- gra masculino, femenino ( de raza negra) black person* * *negro11 = black, negro [negroes, -pl.], nigger, hack, ghost writer, black man, coloured man.Ex: Only blacks had both a social and a moral condition; only women had both a history and a condition.
Ex: Why do only Catholics, Jews, Negroes, and women transcend their particular nationality?.Ex: KAFIRS, which LC recently changed, is the equivalent of niggers.Ex: Such commissioning of books of this sort does not in any way imply that the author is working as a hack.Ex: Thus the sportsman who cannot express himself well in writing can still put over ideas for his ghost writer to transcribe.Ex: But he will soon discover that even then all the accidents of birth, upbringing, education, and social history will prevent his truly knowing the very thing he wants to know -- how can a white man experience directly what it means to be a black man.Ex: He looked up and saw two figures cutting across the field, a colored man and woman, each carrying a bottle.* autobiografía escrita por un negro = ghosted autobiography.* escribir como negro = ghosting.* escribir en calidad de negro = ghost.* escrito por un negro = ghosted, ghost-written.* hombre negro = black man, coloured man.* inglés hablado por los negros = Ebonics.* persona de raza negra = black.negro22 = black [blacker -comp., blackest -sup.].Ex: Thoughts of this sort kept running about like clockwork mice in his head, while the murmur of chatter filled the room and outside dusk had yielded to black night.
* aguas negras = waste water [wastewater], sewage, sewerage.* bestia negra = bête noire.* blanco y negro = black & white.* caja negra = flight recorder.* caja negra, la = black box, the.* comedia de humor negro = black comedy.* de pelo negro = dark-haired.* dinero negro = undeclared income, grey money [gray money], black money.* en blanco y negro = b&w (black and white).* espino negro = blackthorn, blackthorn tree.* espiritual negro = spiritual.* hacérselas pasar negras a Alguien = have + Nombre + jump through the hoops.* hielo negro = black ice.* lengua negra = hairy tongue.* lingua negra = lingua negra.* mano negra = schemer.* marea negra = oil slick.* Mar Negro = Black Sea.* martes negro = Black Tuesday.* mercado negro = black market.* minoría negra = black minority.* mosca negra = black fly.* muñeco negro de trapo = golly, gollywog.* música espiritual negra = gospel music.* negro como boca de lobo = pitch-black.* negro como el azabache = pitch-black, pitch-dark.* negro como el carbón = pitch-black, pitch-dark.* negro como el tizón = pitch-black, pitch-dark.* negro de humo = lampblack.* negro rojizo = reddish black.* negro sobre fondo blanco = black on white.* novela negra = crime fiction, crime novel.* oso negro = black bear.* oso negro americano = black bear.* oveja negra de la familia, la = black sheep of the family, the.* pasarlas negras = jump through + hoops, have + a devil of a time.* peste negra, la = Black Death, the.* punto negro = blackhead.* ser de raza negra o de piel morena = be coloured.* vérselas negras = jump through + hoops, have + Posesivo + work cut out for + Pronombre, have + Posesivo + job cut out for + Pronombre, have + a devil of a time.* verse negro = have + Posesivo + work cut out for + Pronombre, have + Posesivo + job cut out for + Pronombre.* * *A1 [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] ‹color/pelo/ropa› black; ‹ojos› darkmira qué negro está el cielo look how dark o black the sky istienes las manos negras your hands are black o filthynegro como el azabache jet-blacknegro como el carbón or un tizón or la pez as black as coal o sootse pone negra enseguida she tans o ( BrE) goes brown very quickly3 (sombrío) black, gloomy, bleaklo ve todo tan negro she's always so pessimistic, she always takes such a gloomy view of thingsvérselas negras ( fam): me las estoy viendo negras con este trabajito this job is a real uphill struggle ( colloq)se las vio negras para terminarlo he had a tough time finishing it ( colloq)B ‹hombre/raza/piel› blackla población negra the black population(color) [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ]; blackCompuesto:A masculine jet blackB adj inv jet-blackmasculine, feminineB ( period) (escritor) ghost writer* * *
negro 1◊ - gra adjetivo
‹ ojos› dark
pasarlas negras (fam) to have a rough time of it (colloq)
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino ( persona de raza negra) black person
negro 2 sustantivo masculino ( color) black
negro,-a
I adjetivo
1 black
(bronceado) suntanned
pan negro, brown bread
(oscuro) estaba negro como boca de lobo, it was pitch-black
2 (muy sucio) filthy, black
3 (suerte, situación) awful
un día negro, a black day
(lóbrego, triste) gloomy
4 (furioso) furious: ese ruido me pone negra, that noise drives me up the wall
5 (raza, música) black
6 (no legalizado) mercado negro, black market
II m,f (hombre) black man
(mujer) black woman
III sustantivo masculino
1 (color) black
siempre viste de negro, she always dresses in black
2 (tabaco) black tobacco
3 (escritor anónimo) ghostwriter
IV sustantivo femenino
1 Mús crotchet, US quarter note
2 (mala suerte) la negra, bad luck
♦ Locuciones: tener la negra, to be very unlucky: últimamente mi hermana tiene la negra, my sister's been having a run of bad luck recently
vérselas negras para hacer algo, to have a tough time doing sthg
' negro' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
agujero
- cielo
- decidirse
- dinero
- fanática
- fanático
- fotografía
- ir
- garbanzo
- humor
- incondicional
- mercado
- negra
- pantalla
- pozo
- tabaco
- tizón
- vestirse
- azabache
- blanco
- café
- carbón
- chocolate
- cinturón
- ennegrecer
- espiritual
- frijol
- manía
- oro
- televisión
English:
black
- black hole
- blackhead
- buckwheat
- cesspit
- dappled
- dark
- dismal
- fill out
- ghostwriter
- haul
- intersperse
- jet black
- launder
- laundering
- monochrome
- negro
- nigger
- normally
- obtainable
- off-day
- or
- pitch-black
- pitch-dark
- questionnaire
- sick
- the
- turn
- brown
- change
- coffee
- ebony
- edge
- in
- jet
- Negro
- slave
- spiritual
* * *negro, -a♦ adj1. [color] black;negro como el azabache jet black;negro como el carbón as black as coal2. [bronceado] tanned;estar negro to have a deep tan3. [pan] brown4. [tabaco] black, dark5. [raza] black6. [suerte] awful, rotten;[porvenir] black, gloomy;llevo una tarde negra I'm having a terrible afternoon;ver(lo) todo negro to be pessimistic;pasarlas negras to have a hard timeme pone negro que nunca me avisen de nada it makes me mad that they never tell me anything8. [ilegal] [trabajo] illegal, in the black economy;[mercado] black; [dinero] dirty;en negro [trabajo, dinero] undeclared;[trabajar, cobrar] illegally, on the black economy♦ nm,f1. [de raza negra] black man, f black woman;trabajar como un negro to work like a slave♦ nm1. [color] black;el negro es mi color favorito black is my favourite colour2. [tabaco] black o dark tobacco* * *I adj black;estar negro fam be furious;poner negro a alguien fam make s.o. furious, make s.o. see red;verse negro para hacer algo fam have one’s work cut out to do sth;las he pasado negras I’ve had a rough timeII m1 black man;trabajar como un negro fam work one’s butt off fam2 L.Am. ( querido) honey, dear* * *1) : black, dark2) bronceado: suntanned3) : gloomy, awful, desperatela cosa se está poniendo negra: things are looking bad4)mercado negro : black market1) : dark-skinned person, black personnegro nm: black (color)* * *negro1 adj blacknegro2 n1. (color) black -
93 limit
ˈlɪmɪt
1. сущ.
1) а) граница, предел;
рубеж (on, to) limit of vision ≈ предел видимости to disregard, exceed a limit ≈ переходить границы to go beyond the limit ≈ перейти границы to place, put, set a limit on ≈ установить, поставить границы to push smb. to the limit ≈ ограничивать We set a (time) limit of thirty minutes for the test. ≈ Мы устанавливаем предельный срок в тридцать минут для этого теста. age limit ≈ возрастной ценз, предел speed limit ≈ предельная скорость time limit ≈ предельный срок, регламент weight limit ≈ ограничение веса superior limit inferior limit set the limit go the limit to the limit Syn: boundary, bound б) обыкн. мн. область в пределах границ;
пределы limits of the school ≈ школьная территория;
школьные пределы в) разг. предельное количество чего-л.;
"потолок" Three glasses of wine are my limit. ≈ Три стакана вина - мой потолок. within limits ≈ в определенных пределах, рамках, в пределах возможности;
тж. в пределах дозволенного the legal limit ≈ допустимое количество алкоголя в крови водителя автомобиля
2) перен.;
разг. (the limit) невыносимый, нестерпимый, непереносимый, несносный человек или предмет that's the limit! ≈ это переходит все границы!;
это уж слишком! He is the limit in his action. ≈ Он невыносим в своей деятельности.
3) тех. а) предельный размер, допуск б) интервал значений в) ограничитель, упор
4) юр. срок давности
5) мат. предел ∙ off limits
2. гл.
1) ограничивать;
ставить предел (to) to limit the number of students ≈ ограничивать число студентов Payments are limited to 10% each month ≈ Выплаты ограничены десятью процентами в месяц. Having so little money does limit you (in your choice). ≈ Такая небольшая сумма денег, конечно, ограничивает твои возможности.
2) служить границей, пределом граница, предел;
рубеж - age * возрастной предел - superior * максимум (максимальный срок, максимальное количество и т. п.) - inferior * минимум (минимальный срок, минимальное количество и т. п.) - speed * (автомобильное) предельная скорость - * of elasticity предел упругости - * of exploitation( военное) рубеж развития успеха - within *s в определенных пределах /рамках/, умеренно, в пределах возможности - without * неограниченно, в любом размере, в любой степени - to the * (американизм) максимально, предельно - to set a * to smth. устанавливать предел чему-л., ограничивать что-л.;
обуздывать что-л.;
положить конец чему-л. - to know the *s of smb's abilities знать на что кто-л. способен /что в пределах чьих-л. способностей/ - his greed knows no *s его жадность не знает /не имеет/ пределов pl пределы - within the *s of the city в пределах /в черте/ города территория, зона( тюрьмы, лагеря) (военное) район, разрешенный для посещения военнослужащими - to be off *s (to smb.) закрытый для посещения (кем-л.) (the *) (разговорное) что-л. невыносимое;
кто-л. невыносимый - that's the *! это уж слишком!, это переходит все границы! - she is the *! она невыносима! - to go the * (американизм) не знать меры, переходить все границы (the *) (американизм) (сленг) половое сношение - to go the * вступить в (половую) связь (математика) предел (техническое) допуск, предельный размер;
предельное отклонение;
интеграл значений - * gauge предельный калибр - * switch (электротехника) предельный выключатель (юридическое) срок давности ограничивать;
ставить предел - to * one's desires ограничивать свои желания - to * the amount of work a man may do in a day определить количество работы, которую человек может сделать за день - to * the expense ограничить расходы служить границей, пределом age ~ возрасной предел age ~ возрастной предел age ~ ограничение по возрасту bank borrowing ~ лимит банковского займа borrowing ~ предельный размер кредита bottom ~ нижний предел cash ~ предельный размер кредита collateral ~ максимальная сумма обеспечения confidence ~ вчт. доверительный предел credit ~ кредитный лимит credit ~ предел кредита credit ~ предельная сумма кредита deposit ~ предельная сумма вклада exceed the delivery ~ нарушать сроки поставки extreme ~ предел fishing ~ предельная норма вылова рыбы free ~ свободный предел to go beyond the ~ перейти границы to go the ~ амер. разг. впадать в крайность;
переходить все границы income ~ предел для дохода limit граница, предел;
superior limit максимум;
inferior limit минимум;
to set the limit устанавливать предел;
положить конец inferior ~ вчт. нижний предел interday ~ максимальный риск в течение всего дня до закрытия банка intervention ~ предел вмешательства intraday ~ дневной лимит по валютным операциям legal ~ правовое ограничение lending ~ кредитный лимит liability ~ ограничение ответственности limit граница, предел;
superior limit максимум;
inferior limit минимум;
to set the limit устанавливать предел;
положить конец ~ граница ~ допуск ~ тех. интервал значений ~ интервал значений ~ лимит ~ лимит кредитования ~ лимитировать ~ лимитный приказ брокеру ~ ограничивать;
ставить предел ~ ограничивать ~ предел ~ предел допустимого колебания цен ~ предельная норма ~ предельная цена ~ предельное значение ~ предельное количество ~ тех. предельный размер, допуск ~ предельный размер ~ рубеж ~ служить границей, пределом ~ служить границей ~ служить пределом ~ юр. срок давности;
off limits амер. вход воспрещен ~ устанавливать предел ~ устанавливать срок ~ of cover итог ~ of cover предельная сумма обеспечения ~ of cover предельная сумма покрытия ~ of cover предельная сумма страхования ~ of error предельная ошибка ~ of error предельная погрешность ~ of fluctuation предел колебаний ~ of indemnity предельный размер компенсации ~ of size предельный размер ~ of the territorial waters граница территориальных вод ~ of tolerance предел допустимых отклонений load ~ грузоподъемность loan officers' ~ предельный размер ссуды, установленный кредитором lower ~ нижний предел lower ~ нижняя граница maximum lending ~ максимальный предел суммы кредита maximum ~ максимальный предел maximum purchasing ~ максимальный предел закупок minimum purchasing ~ минимальный предельный объем закупок mortgageable ~ ипотечное ограничение mortgageable ~ предельная сумма ипотечного кредита narrow ~ ограниченный предел ~ юр. срок давности;
off limits амер. вход воспрещен outer ~ физический предел outside ~ крайний предел outside: ~ наибольший, предельный, крайний;
outside limit крайний предел;
outside prices крайние цены penalty ~ лимит штрафных санкций price ~ предел изменения курсов ценных бумаг price ~ предельная цена regional ~ региональный предел risk ~ предел риска set a ~ устанавливать предел set: to ~ bounds (to) ограничивать;
to set a limit (to) положить предел, пресечь limit граница, предел;
superior limit максимум;
inferior limit минимум;
to set the limit устанавливать предел;
положить конец she is the ~ она невыносима shrinkage ~ предел сужения significance ~ вчт. предел значимости specified time ~ заданный временной предел speed ~ дозволенная скорость( езды) limit граница, предел;
superior limit максимум;
inferior limit минимум;
to set the limit устанавливать предел;
положить конец superior ~ вчт. верхний предел swing ~ предел колебаний that's the ~! это переходит все границы!;
это уж слишком! time ~ крайний срок time ~ отведенное время time ~ предел времени time ~ предельный срок to the ~ амер. максимально, предельно tolerable ~ вчт. допустимый предел top ~ верхний предел underwriting ~ предельная страховая сумма, выше которой страховое учреждение не может принять на страхование имущество underwriting ~ предельная страховая сумма, выше которой страховое учреждение не может заключить договор личного страхования upper ~ верхнее ограничение upper ~ верхний предел variation ~ предел отклонения withdrawal ~ предельная сумма при снятии денег со счета -
94 pie
m.1 foot.a pie on footprefiero ir a pie I'd rather walk o go on footestar de o en pie to be on one's feet o standingponerse de o en pie to stand upllevamos dos horas de pie we've been on our feet for two hoursperder/no hacer pie to go/to be out of one's depthpie de atleta athlete's footpies de cerdo (pig's) trotterspies planos flat feet2 stand.pie de foto caption3 cue (Teatro).4 leg, central support.5 Computer Science Academic Program.6 pes.pret.indicat.1st person singular (yo) Preterite Indicative of Spanish verb: piar.* * *1 ANATOMÍA foot2 (base - de una lámpara) base; (- de una escultura) plinth3 (de un verso) foot4 (medida de longitud) foot5 (de un documento) foot; (de una fotografía, dibujo) caption\a los pies de la cama at the foot of the beda pie on footal pie de la letra word for wordal pie del cañón familiar hard at it, workingbuscarle los tres pies al gato familiar to split hairscreer algo a pies juntillas familiar to believe something implicitlydar pie a to give occasion forde los pies a la cabeza from head to toeempezar con buen/mal pie to start off on the right/wrong footestar en pie de guerra to be on a war footing 2 figurado to be on the war pathhacer pie to touch the bottomir con pies de plomo to tread very carefullynacer de pie to be born with a silver spoon in one's mouthno dar pie con bola to mess everything up, not get anything rightno tener ni pies ni cabeza to be ludicrous, be absurdpararle los pies a alguien to put somebody in their placeponer los pies en to set foot inponerse de/en pie to get to one's feet, stand upsaber de qué pie cojea alguien to know what somebody's weakness istenerse de pie to keep on one's feetpie de atleta athlete's footpie de imprenta imprintpies planos flat feet* * *noun m.1) foot2) cue* * *SM1) (Anat) footponer el pie en el acelerador — (lit) to step on the gas *; (fig) to speed things up, step up the pace
pies de cerdo — (Culin) (pig's) trotters
2) [locuciones]•
a pie — on footir a pie — to go on foot, walk
•
estar de pie — to be standing (up)permanecieron mucho tiempo de pie — they were standing for a long time, they were on their feet a long time
•
en pie, llevo en pie desde las cuatro — I've been up since fourmantenerse en pie — [persona] to stay standing o on one's feet; [objeto] to remain upright
ganado en pie — LAm cattle on the hoof
•
a pie enjuto — † (lit) dry-shod; (fig) without danger, without any risk•
a pie firme † —•
ponerse de o en pie — to stand up- de a piegente de a pie — common o ordinary folk
soldado de a pie — ( Hist) foot-soldier
se lo llevaron con los pies por delante — he left feet first, he left in a (wooden) box
desde el pasado sábado, mi padre no ha puesto los pies en casa — my father hasn't set foot in the house since last Saturday
- poner los pies en polvorosasin pies ni cabeza —
buscar 1., 1), a)el mensaje no tenía ni pies ni cabeza — the message didn't make any sense at all, I couldn't make head or tail of the message
3) (=base) [de columna, estatua, lámpara] base; [de cama] foot; [de colina, escalera] foot, bottom; [de copa] stem; [de calcetín] footal pie del monte — at the foot o bottom of the mountain
al pie de ese edificio — next to that building, right beside that building
al pie de la obra — (Com) including delivery charges
al pie del cañón —
4) [de página] foot, bottom; [de foto] caption5) (Bot) [de árbol] trunk; [de planta] stem; [de rosa] stock6) (=unidad de medida) foot7) (Teat) cue8) [de vino] sediment9) (=causa)•
dar pie a — to give cause for10) (=posición)•
estar en pie de igualdad — to be on an equal footing ( con with)estar en pie de guerra — (lit) to be on a war footing, be ready to go to war; (fig) to be on the warpath
11) (Literat) foot12) Cono Sur * (=pago) deposit, down payment13)pie de vía — CAm (Aut) indicator, turn signal (EEUU)
* * *I1)a) (Anat) foota sus pies, señora — (frml) at your service, madam (frml)
b) (en locs)¿vamos a pie o en coche? — shall we walk or take the car?
hoy ando a pie — (AmL) I'm without wheels today
al pie — (Col) very close, just round the corner
en pie: estoy en pie desde las siete I've been up since seven o'clock; no puedo tenerme en pie I can hardly walk/stand; sólo la iglesia quedó en pie only the church remained standing; queda en pie la cita our date is still on; mi oferta/promesa sigue en pie my offer/promise still stands; ganado en pie (AmL) livestock, cattle on the hoof; andarse con pie(s) de plomo (fam) to tread very carefully o warily; a pie pelado (Chi) barefoot, in one's bare feet; a pie(s) juntillas: seguí a pies juntillas sus indicaciones I followed his instructions to the letter; creerse algo a pies juntillas to blindly believe something; buscarle tres or cinco pies al gato (fam) ( buscar complicaciones) to complicate matters; cojear del mismo pie (fam) to be two of a kind (colloq); con los pies (fam) badly; lleva la empresa con los pies he's making a hash o mess of running the company (colloq); con los pies por or para delante (fam & euf) feet first; con los pies sobre la tierra with one's feet on the ground; con mal pie or con el pie izquierdo: empezó con mal pie she got off to a bad start; hoy me levanté or empecé el día con el pie izquierdo I got up on the wrong side of the bed today (AmE), I got out of bed on the wrong side today (BrE); no le des pie para que te critique don't give him cause o reason to criticize you; dar pie a algo murmuraciones/especulaciones to give rise to something; esto dio pie a una discusión this caused o was the cause of an argument; darle pie a alguien: de a pie common, ordinary; el ciudadano de a pie the man in the street, the average man/person; de la cabeza a los pies or de pies a cabeza from head to foot o toe, from top to toe (colloq); echar pie atrás (Chi) to back down; en pie de guerra on a war footing; en (un) pie de igualdad on an equal footing; estar a pie (Chi fam) to be lost (colloq); estar atado de pies y manos to be bound hand and foot; estar con un pie en el estribo (fam) to be about to leave; estar con un pie en la tumba or la sepultura or el hoyo to have one foot in the grave; hacer pie to be able to touch the bottom; írsele los pies a alguien: cuando empezó la música se me iban los pies once the music began I couldn't keep my feet still; leche al pie de la vaca (AmL) milk fresh from the cow; levantarse/empezar con buen pie or con el pie derecho to get off to a good start; nacer de pie to be born under a lucky star; no doy/da pie con bola (fam) I/he can't get a thing right; no tener ni pies ni cabeza to make no sense whatsoever; un plan sin pies ni cabeza a crazy o an absurd plan; pararle a alguien los pies (Esp) to put somebody in his/her place (colloq); perder pie ( en el agua) to get out of one's depth; ( resbalarse) to lose one's footing; pies de barro feet of clay; poner (los) pies en polvorosa (fam) to take to one's heels (colloq); poner los pies en un lugar to set foot in a place; por mi/tu/su (propio) pie unaided, without any help; saber de qué pie cojea alguien (Esp fam) to know somebody's faults o weak points; ser más viejo que andar a pie — (CS fam) to be as old as the hills (colloq)
2)a) (de calcetín, media) footb) (de lámpara, columna) base; ( de copa - base) base; (- parte vertical) stemc) (de página, escrito) foot, bottomuna nota a or al pie de página — a footnote
al pie or a los pies de la montaña — at the foot of the mountain
al pie del cañón: Ana se quedó al pie del cañón mientras el jefe estaba fuera Ana stayed here to hold the fort while the boss was away; ella es la que está siempre al pie del cañón — she's the one who's always there to keep things going
d) ( de cama) tb3) (Bot) cutting, slip4) ( medida) foot; (Lit) foot•II [pai]masculino (AmL) pie* * *I1)a) (Anat) foota sus pies, señora — (frml) at your service, madam (frml)
b) (en locs)¿vamos a pie o en coche? — shall we walk or take the car?
hoy ando a pie — (AmL) I'm without wheels today
al pie — (Col) very close, just round the corner
en pie: estoy en pie desde las siete I've been up since seven o'clock; no puedo tenerme en pie I can hardly walk/stand; sólo la iglesia quedó en pie only the church remained standing; queda en pie la cita our date is still on; mi oferta/promesa sigue en pie my offer/promise still stands; ganado en pie (AmL) livestock, cattle on the hoof; andarse con pie(s) de plomo (fam) to tread very carefully o warily; a pie pelado (Chi) barefoot, in one's bare feet; a pie(s) juntillas: seguí a pies juntillas sus indicaciones I followed his instructions to the letter; creerse algo a pies juntillas to blindly believe something; buscarle tres or cinco pies al gato (fam) ( buscar complicaciones) to complicate matters; cojear del mismo pie (fam) to be two of a kind (colloq); con los pies (fam) badly; lleva la empresa con los pies he's making a hash o mess of running the company (colloq); con los pies por or para delante (fam & euf) feet first; con los pies sobre la tierra with one's feet on the ground; con mal pie or con el pie izquierdo: empezó con mal pie she got off to a bad start; hoy me levanté or empecé el día con el pie izquierdo I got up on the wrong side of the bed today (AmE), I got out of bed on the wrong side today (BrE); no le des pie para que te critique don't give him cause o reason to criticize you; dar pie a algo murmuraciones/especulaciones to give rise to something; esto dio pie a una discusión this caused o was the cause of an argument; darle pie a alguien: de a pie common, ordinary; el ciudadano de a pie the man in the street, the average man/person; de la cabeza a los pies or de pies a cabeza from head to foot o toe, from top to toe (colloq); echar pie atrás (Chi) to back down; en pie de guerra on a war footing; en (un) pie de igualdad on an equal footing; estar a pie (Chi fam) to be lost (colloq); estar atado de pies y manos to be bound hand and foot; estar con un pie en el estribo (fam) to be about to leave; estar con un pie en la tumba or la sepultura or el hoyo to have one foot in the grave; hacer pie to be able to touch the bottom; írsele los pies a alguien: cuando empezó la música se me iban los pies once the music began I couldn't keep my feet still; leche al pie de la vaca (AmL) milk fresh from the cow; levantarse/empezar con buen pie or con el pie derecho to get off to a good start; nacer de pie to be born under a lucky star; no doy/da pie con bola (fam) I/he can't get a thing right; no tener ni pies ni cabeza to make no sense whatsoever; un plan sin pies ni cabeza a crazy o an absurd plan; pararle a alguien los pies (Esp) to put somebody in his/her place (colloq); perder pie ( en el agua) to get out of one's depth; ( resbalarse) to lose one's footing; pies de barro feet of clay; poner (los) pies en polvorosa (fam) to take to one's heels (colloq); poner los pies en un lugar to set foot in a place; por mi/tu/su (propio) pie unaided, without any help; saber de qué pie cojea alguien (Esp fam) to know somebody's faults o weak points; ser más viejo que andar a pie — (CS fam) to be as old as the hills (colloq)
2)a) (de calcetín, media) footb) (de lámpara, columna) base; ( de copa - base) base; (- parte vertical) stemc) (de página, escrito) foot, bottomuna nota a or al pie de página — a footnote
al pie or a los pies de la montaña — at the foot of the mountain
al pie del cañón: Ana se quedó al pie del cañón mientras el jefe estaba fuera Ana stayed here to hold the fort while the boss was away; ella es la que está siempre al pie del cañón — she's the one who's always there to keep things going
d) ( de cama) tb3) (Bot) cutting, slip4) ( medida) foot; (Lit) foot•II [pai]masculino (AmL) pie* * *pie11 = foot [feet, -pl.], tail, toe.Ex: She was tapping with her foot on the carpet.
Ex: The top and bottom of the book are known as the head and tail respectively, and the front is the fore-edge (rhymes with porridge); similarly the margins round the type on each page are called the head, tail, outer (at the fore-edge), and inner margins.Ex: The platen was lashed up tight to the toe of the spindle by cords which connected hooks at its four corners to another set of hooks at the four lower corners of the hose.* alfombra de pie de cama = bedside rug.* al pie (de) = at the bottom (of), at the foot (of).* al pie de la letra = to the letter.* andar con pies de plomo = tread + warily.* andarse con pies de plomo = walk on + eggshells.* apagar un fuego con los pies = stomp out + fire.* a pie = on foot, afoot, dismounted.* a poca distancia a pie = within an easy walk, within walking distance.* a pocos minutos a pie = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.* apoyo para los pies = footrest.* arrastrando los pies = shuffling.* arrastrar los pies = drag + Posesivo + feet, drag + Posesivo + heels.* arreglarse los pies = pedicure.* atar de pies y manos = hogtie.* bajo los pies = underfoot.* baño de pies = footbath.* bomba de pie = foot pump.* buscarle cinco pies al gato = split + hairs.* buscarle los tres pies al gato = nitpick.* buscarle tres pies al gato = split + hairs.* caer de pie = land on + Posesivo + (own two) feet.* carrera a pie = foot race.* comenzar Algo con buen pie = start + Nombre + off on the right foot.* comenzar con buen pie = start + Nombre + on the right footing.* con el pie deformado = clubfooted.* con la punta de los pies mirando hacia dentro = pigeon-toed.* con los pies sobre la tierra = down-to-earth.* con notas a pie de página = footnoted.* con pie firme = sure-footed.* con un pie en la tumba = over the hill.* cuidado de los pies = footcare.* dar pie a = spark off, give + rise to, bring about, lead to, cause, open + the door to, give + cause to, give + occasion to.* dedo del pie = toe.* dedo gordo del pie, el = big toe, the.* dedo meñique del pie = pinkie toe.* de dos pies = two-legged.* dejar de pie = leave + standing.* de la cabeza a los pies = from head to foot, from head to toe.* de nuevo en pie = up and about.* de pies a cabeza = from head to toe, from head to foot.* de pies ligeros = swift-footed.* de pies planos = flat-footed.* desde la cabeza hasta los pies = head to toe, from head to toe, from head to foot.* distancia a pie = walking distance.* el ciudadano de a pie = the average Joe.* el mundo está a sus pies = the world is + Posesivo + oyster.* empezar Algo con buen pie = start + Nombre + off on the right foot.* empezar con buen pie = start + Nombre + on the right footing, hit + the ground running.* en pie = up and about.* en pie de guerra = on the warpath.* entrar con buen pie = start + Nombre + off on the right foot.* estar de pie = stand.* estar de pie por encima de = stand over.* freno de pie = foot brake [footbrake].* gente de a pie = ordinary people.* hombre de a pie, el = man-on-the-street, man in the street, the.* ir a pie = leg it.* la ciudadana de a pie = the average Jane.* la gente se puso de pie para aplaudir = standing ovation.* lámpara de pie = standing lamp, floor lamp.* levantarse con el pie izquierdo = wake up on + the wrong side of the bed, get up on + the wrong side of the bed.* mantenerse en pie = hold + Posesivo + own.* no creerse Algo al pie de la letra = take + Nombre + with a pinch of salt.* no encontrar ni el pie ni la cabeza = can't make head(s) or tail(s) of.* nota a pie de página = footnote.* no tener ni pies ni cabeza = can't make head(s) or tail(s) of, be pointless.* no tenerse en pie = Negativo + hold + water.* parte anterior del pie = ball of + Posesivo + foot.* perchero de pie = coat-stand.* perder el pie = lose + Posesivo + footing.* pie de atleta = athlete's foot.* pie de imprenta = edition imprint, imprint statement, imprint.* pie de obra = building site.* pie de página = footer.* pie de página repetido = running foot, footline.* pie de pie = standing.* Pie Grande = Bigfoot, Sasquatch.* pies planos = flat feet, pes planus, fallen arches.* pies sobre la tierra = feet on the ground.* planta del pie = sole.* poner de pie = stand + upright.* poner los pies en alto = put + Posesivo + feet up.* poner los pies en + Posesivo + casa = darken + Posesivo + door.* poner los pies sobre la tierra = come down + to earth.* poner pie en = set + foot (inside/in/on).* ponerse de pie = rise, stand up, get to + Posesivo + feet, rise to + Posesivo + feet.* ponerse en pie de guerra = dig up + the tomahawk, dig up + the hatchet, dig up + the war axe.* retrete de pie = squat toilet, squatty potty, squat loo.* sacar los pies del plato = break out of + the box.* sacar los pies del tiesto = break out of + the box.* salir por pies = take off + running, leg it, take to + Posesivo + heels, run off.* seguir Algo al pie de la letra = follow + Nombre + to the letter.* seguir al pie de la letra = keep + strictly to the letter.* seguir al pie del cañón = soldier on.* seguir en pie = hold + Posesivo + own, hold up.* sin pies ni cabeza = without rhyme or reason.* tener los pies firmemente en el suelo = feet + be + firmly planted on the ground.* tiña del pie = tinea pedis.* uña del pie = toenail.* visita a pie = walking tour.pie22 = foot [feet, -pl.].Ex: Soon, however, the collection outgrew its meagre quarters and a full-fledged library occupying a 40x60 foot area came into being.
* de un pie de grosor = foot-thick.* pie cuadrado = square foot (sq. ft.).* pie lineal = linear foot.pie33 = winter.Nota: En la prensa antigua de madera, travesaño que unía los postes de madera verticales que servían de soporte a toda la prensa por la parte de abajo y que servía de soporte al ensamblaje de transporte carriage assembly.Ex: The chief members of the impression carriage were two upright cheeks about 2 m. high and placed 60-65 cm. apart, carrying between them the winter and, above it, the head, two massive cross timbers mortised into the cheeks which contained the vertical thrust of the impression.
* * *pie1A1 [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] ( Anat) footno arrastres los pies don't drag your feetse rompió un dedo del pie he broke a toetiene (los) pies planos she has flat feet2 ( en locs):a pie on footqueda muy cerca, podemos ir a pie it's very near, we can walk o go on foot¿vamos a pie o en coche? shall we walk or take the car?esta semana ando a pie ( AmL); I'm walking everywhere this weekuna nota a pie de página a note at the foot of the pageviviendas a pie de playa ( Esp); houses with access to the beachoficina a pie de calle ( Esp); office with direct access to the streetuna entrevista a piecalle ( Esp); an interview in the streetexperimentos a pie de aula ( Esp); experiments in the classroomde pie standingestuvimos de pie casi dos horas we were standing (up) o we were on our feet for almost two hourstuvimos que viajar de pie todo el camino we had to stand all the wayponte de pie stand upen pie: estoy en pie desde las siete de la mañana I've been up since seven o'clock this morningya no podía tenerme en pie I could hardly walk/stand, I was ready to dropsólo la pequeña iglesia quedó en pie only the little church remained standingqueda en pie la cita para mañana our date for tomorrow is still onmi oferta/la promesa sigue en pie my offer/the promise still standsganado en pie ( AmL); livestock, cattle on the hoofa pie pelado ( Chi); barefoot, in one's bare feeta pie(s) juntillas: está siguiendo a pies juntillas las indicaciones de sus superiores he's following his bosses' instructions to the letterse cree a pies juntillas todo lo que le dicen he blindly believes every word he's toldbuscarle tres or cinco pies al gato ( fam) (buscar complicaciones) to complicate matters, make life difficult; (exponerse al peligro) to ask for trouble ( colloq)cojear del mismo pie ( fam); to be two of a kind ( colloq), to be tarred with the same brush ( colloq)con buen pieor con el pie derecho: a ver si mañana nos levantamos con el pie derecho I hope things will get off to a better start tomorrowcon los pies ( fam); badlyesta camisa la debes haber planchado con los pies this shirt looks as if you ironed it with your eyes closeduna solicitud escrita con los pies a very poorly written letter of applicationel gerente lleva la empresa con los pies the manager is making a hash o mess of running the company ( colloq)con los pies por or para delante ( fam euf); feet firstde esta casa me sacarán con los pies por delante they'll have to carry me out of this house feet first o in a box ( colloq euph)con los pies sobre la tierra with one's feet on the groundtiene los pies bien puestos sobre la tierra she has her feet firmly on the groundempezó con mal pie she got off to a bad start, she started badlyhoy me levanté or empecé el día con el pie izquierdo I got up on the wrong side of the bed today ( AmE), I got out of bed on the wrong side today ( BrE)con pie(s) de plomo ( fam); very carefully o warilyándate con pies de plomo tread very warily o carefullydar pie a algo to give rise to sthsu conducta dio pie a murmuraciones her behavior gave rise to o sparked off rumorsno quiero que esto dé pie a una discusión I don't want this to cause o to be the cause of an argumentdarle pie a algn: no le des pie para que te siga criticando don't give him cause o reason o grounds to criticize you againde a pie common, ordinaryel ciudadano de a pie the man in the street, the average man/persona mí me gusta hablar con la gente de a pie I like talking to ordinary peoplede la cabeza a los pies or de pies a cabeza from head to foot o toe, from top to toe ( colloq)echar pie atrás ( Chi); to back downen pie de guerra on a war footing, ready for war, on full alerten (un) pie de igualdad on an equal footing, on equal termsestar atado de pies y manos to be bound hand and foot, have one's hands tiedestar con un pie en el estribo ( fam); to be about to leaveme pillas con un pie en el estribo I was just on my way out o about to leaveya están con un pie en el estribo they're all set to goestar con un pie en la tumba or sepultura to have one foot in the gravehacer pie to be able to touch the bottomyo aquí no hago pie I can't touch the bottom here, I'm out of my depth hereírsele los pies a algn: cuando empezó la música se me iban los pies once the music began I couldn't keep my feet stillleche al pie de la vaca ( AmL); milk fresh from the cownacer de pie to be born under a lucky starno doy/da pie con bola ( fam); I/he can't get a thing rightno estirar los pies más de lo que da la frazada ( RPl fam); to cut one's coat according to one's clothno tener ni pies ni cabeza to make no sense whatsoeverel ensayo no tenía ni pies ni cabeza the essay made no sense whatsoever o was totally unintelligibleun plan sin pies ni cabeza a crazy o an absurd planperder pie (en el agua) to get out of one's depth; (resbalarse) to lose one's footing; (confundirse) to slip uppies de barro feet of clayun héroe con pies de barro a hero with feet of clayponer (los) pies en polvorosa ( fam); to take to one's heels, make oneself scarce, hotfoot it ( colloq)poner los pies en un lugar to set foot in a placehoy no he puesto pie en la calle I haven't set foot outside the house todaypor mi/tu/su (propio) pie unaided, without any helpCompuestos:● pie cavohigh instepathlete's foot( Chi) dogtoothclubfootB1 (de un calcetín, una media) foot3 (de una máquina de coser) foot, treadle4 (de una página, un escrito) foot, bottomuna nota a or al pie de página a footnoteremita el cupón que se acompaña al pie send off the coupon belowun pueblo al pieor a los pies de la montaña a village at the foot of the mountainal pie de la letra exactlysigue mis instrucciones al pie de la letra follow my instructions to the letter o exactlyrepetí al pie de la letra lo que me dijiste I repeated word for word o exactly what you told meal pie del cañón workingtodos se habían ido, pero nosotros seguíamos al pie del cañón everyone had left, but we were still hard at it o still working away5 (de una cama) tbCompuestos:little endname and title of signatorycaptionimprintfooterslide gaugeC ( Bot) cutting, slipCompuesto:rootstockD [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] (medida) footocho pies cuadrados eight square feetE ( Lit) footCompuesto:F ( Chi) (depósito) down paymentpie2/pai/( AmL)pie* * *
Del verbo piar: ( conjugate piar)
pié es:
1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo
píe es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
piar
pie
piar ( conjugate piar) verbo intransitivo
to chirp, tweet
pie 1 sustantivo masculino
1a) (Anat) foot;
tiene (los) pies planos she has flat feet;
pie de atleta athlete's footb) ( en locs)
ir a pie to go on foot, walk;
hoy ando a pie (AmL) I'm without wheels today;
de pie standing;
ponte de pie stand up;
en pie: estoy en pie desde las siete I've been up since seven o'clock;
no puedo tenerme en pie I can hardly walk/stand;
solo la iglesia quedó en pie only the church remained standing;
mi oferta sigue en pie my offer still stands;
a pie pelado (Chi) barefoot, in one's bare feet;
de a pie common, ordinary;
de la cabeza a los pies or de pies a cabeza from head to foot o toe, from top to toe (colloq);
en pie de guerra on a war footing;
en (un) pie de igualdad on an equal footing;
hacer pie to be able to touch the bottom;
levantarse con el pie derecho to get off to a good start;
no tener ni pies ni cabeza to make no sense whatsoever;
por mi/tu/su (propio) pie unaided, without any help
2
( de copa — base) base;
(— parte vertical) stem;
( de montaña) foot
una nota a or al pie de página a footnote;
al pie de la letra ‹copiar/repetir› word by word, exactly
3
b) (Lit) foot
pie 2 /pai/ sustantivo masculino (AmL) pie
piar vi (pájaro) to chirp, cheep, tweet
pie sustantivo masculino
1 (de una persona) foot
ponerse de pie, to stand up
pies planos, flat feet
2 (de una columna, lámpara, etc) base
3 (de una copa) stem
4 (de una fotografía) caption
5 (de un texto) foot
una nota a pie de página, a footnote
6 (medida) foot
♦ Locuciones: dar pie a, to give cause for
a pies juntillas, blindly
al pie de la letra, to the letter
con buen/mal pie, on the right/wrong footing
con pies de plomo, cautiously
de pie, standing up
de pies a cabeza, from head to foot
' pie' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- bola
- caminar
- cañón
- ciudadana
- ciudadano
- cojear
- compartir
- dedo
- dormirse
- empanada
- enredarse
- excursionista
- flojera
- gráfica
- gráfico
- guerra
- hormiguear
- hormigueo
- lámpara
- letra
- levantarse
- migaja
- nacer
- parada
- parado
- pararse
- pastel
- patear
- patín
- perchero
- planta
- pulgar
- punta
- reloj
- resistir
- sostenerse
- talón
- tenerse
- uña
- vadear
- ver
- zancadilla
- a
- agachar
- amoldar
- bien
- budín
- buscar
- calambre
English:
accused
- athlete's foot
- bare
- base
- bed
- book
- bottom
- caption
- circumscribe
- clubfoot
- custard pie
- dead
- easy
- floor lamp
- foot
- foothold
- footing
- footnote
- ft
- grandfather
- hike
- hill
- impression
- imprint
- instep
- itch
- letter
- man
- meat pie
- mince pie
- on
- pace
- pie
- pie chart
- press
- print
- promenade concert
- rambler
- remain
- rise
- roll out
- salt
- sole
- stamp
- stamp down
- stand
- stand up
- standing
- standing ovation
- standing room
* * *pie nm1. [de persona] foot;estos zapatos me hacen daño en los pies these shoes hurt my feet;a pie on foot;prefiero ir a pie I'd rather walk o go on foot;llevamos dos horas de pie we've been on our feet for two hours;llevo en pie desde las seis de la mañana I've been up and about since six in the morning;la oferta sigue en pie the offer still stands;echar pie a tierra [jinete] to dismount;[pasajero] to alight;se me fueron los pies [resbalé] I slipped, I lost my footing;se me iban los pies con la música my feet were tapping along to the music;perder/no hacer pie [en el agua] to go/to be out of one's depth;Formala sus pies at your service;el ciudadano de a pie the man in the street;en pie de igualdad on an equal footing;en pie de guerra on a war footing;pies de barro: un héroe/líder con (los) pies de barro a hero/leader with feet of clay;Famde pies a cabeza from head to toe;con buen pie: empezar con buen pie to get off to a good start;terminar con buen pie to end on a good note;caer de pie [tener suerte] to land on one's feet;no dar pie con bola to get everything wrong;con el pie derecho: empezar con el pie derecho to get off to a good start;estar con un pie en el estribo to be about to leave;a pies juntillas unquestioningly;levantarse con el pie izquierdo to get out of bed on the wrong side;con mal pie: empezar con mal pie to get off to a bad start;terminar con mal pie to end on a sour note;nacer de pie to be born lucky;pararle los pies a alguien to put sb in their place;Famponer pies en polvorosa: al llegar la policía, puso pies en polvorosa when the police arrived, you couldn't see him for dust o he legged it;Espsaber de qué pie cojea alguien to know sb's weaknesses;Famsalir con los pies por delante to leave feet first o in a box;Esp Famsalir por pies to leg it;no tener ni pies ni cabeza to make no sense at all;tener un pie en la tumba to have one foot in the graveno tenerse en pie: no me tengo en pie I can't stand up a minute longer;esa teoría no se tiene en pie that theory doesn't stand uppie de atleta athlete's foot;pies de cerdo (pig's) trotters;pies planos flat feet2. [base] [de lámpara, micrófono] stand;[de copa] stem; [de montaña, árbol, escalera] foot;al pie de la página at the foot o bottom of the page;al pie de la letra to the letter, word for word;sigue las instrucciones al pie de la letra follow the instructions to the letter;copiar algo al pie de la letra to copy sth word for word;no hace falta que lo interpretes al pie de la letra there's no need to interpret it literally;al pie del cañón: ahí está, siempre al pie del cañón there he is, always hard at workpie de foto caption;pie de imprenta imprint;Informát pie de página footer3. [unidad de medida] foot;mide tres pies de ancho it's three foot o feet wide4. Teatro cue;Figdar pie a [críticas, comentarios] to give rise to;[sospechas] to give cause for; Figdar pie a alguien para que haga algo to give sb cause to do sthpie quebrado = short line of four or five syllables alternating with longer lines* * *m2 de persona foot;a pie on foot;al pie de at the foot of;de pie standing;estar de pie be standing (up);en pie stand up;de pies a cabeza from head to foot;no tiene ni pies ni cabeza it doesn’t make any sense at all, I can’t make head nor tail of it;a pies juntillas creer blindly;levantarse con el pie izquierdo get out of bed on the wrong side;con buen/mal pie empezar get off to a good/bad start;con los pies fig badly;andarse con pies de plomo tread warily;estar en pie be up, be out of bed;estar en pie de guerra be on a war footing;cinco pies al gato fig make things difficult, complicate things;a give rise to, generate;echar pie a tierra go ashore;estar al pie del cañón fig be hard at work;hacer pie touch bottom;no dar pie con bola fam get odo everything wrong;parar los pies a alguien take s.o. down a peg or two fam ;saber de qué pie cojea alguien fig know where s.o. is coming from;poner pies en polvorosa fam take to one’s heels fam ;salir por pies hotfoot it fam, make o.s. scarce;pie de la cama foot of the bed;pies planos flat feet* * *pie nm1) : foota pie: on footde pie: on one's feet, standing2) : base, bottom, stem, footpie de la cama: foot of the bedpie de una lámpera: base of a lamppie de la escalera: bottom of the stairspie de una copa: stem of a glass3) : foot (in measurement)pie cuadrado: square foot4) : cue (in theater)5)dar pie a : to give cause for, to give rise to6)en pie de igualidad : on equal footing* * *pie n2. (de estatua, lámpara, etc) base -
95 casser
casser [kαse]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━➭ TABLE 11. <a. ( = briser) [+ objet, appareil, rythme, grève] to break ; [+ noix] to crack• casser qch en deux/en morceaux to break sth in two/into piecesb. (figurative) [+ volonté, moral] to break• je veux casser l'image de jeune fille sage qu'on a de moi I want to change the "good girl" image people have of mec. ( = destituer) [+ militaire] to reduce to the ranks ; [+ fonctionnaire] to demoted. ( = annuler) [+ jugement] to quash ; [+ arrêt] to revoke• il nous les casse ! (inf!) he's a pain in the neck! (inf)• tu en auras pour 100 € à tout casser ( = tout au plus) that'll cost you 100 euros at the most2. <a. ( = se briser) [objet] to breakb. ( = rompre) [couple] to split up3. <a. ( = se briser) [objet] to breakb. ( = se blesser) [personne] se casser la jambe to break one's leg• se casser la figure or la gueule (inf: inf!) ( = tomber) to fall flat on one's face ; ( = faire faillite) to go bankrupt• se casser le nez ( = trouver porte close) to find no one inc. ( = se fatiguer) (inf) il ne s'est pas cassé pour écrire cet article he didn't exactly overexert himself writing this article• il ne s'est pas cassé la tête or le cul ! (inf: vulg!) he didn't exactly overexert himself!• cela fait deux jours que je me casse la tête sur ce problème I've been racking my brains over this problem for two daysd. ( = partir) (inf!) to split (inf!)* * *kase
1.
1) ( briser) to break [objet, os]; to crack [noix]casser la figure (colloq) or la gueule (sl) à quelqu'un — to beat somebody up (colloq)
2) (colloq) ( dégrader) to demote [militaire, employé]3) ( annuler) to quash [jugement]; to annul [arrêt]4) (colloq) ( humilier) to cut [somebody] down to size [personne]
2.
verbe intransitif1) ( se briser) to break2) ( se séparer) (colloq) [couple] to split up
3.
se casser verbe pronominal1) (colloq) ( partir) to go away‘bon, je me casse!’ — ‘right, I'm off (colloq)!’
2) ( se briser) to break3) ( se blesser)se casser une or la jambe — to break one's leg
se casser la figure — (colloq) ( tomber par terre) [piéton] to fall over GB ou down; [cavalier, motard] to take a fall; ( avoir un accident) to crash; ( échouer) [entreprise, projet] to fail; ( se battre) [personnes] to have a scrap (colloq)
il ne s'est pas cassé la tête — (colloq) he didn't exactly strain himself
se casser la tête (colloq) (sur un problème) — to rack one's brain (over a problem)
se casser la tête (colloq) à faire quelque chose — to go out of one's way to do something
••casser les pieds (colloq) à quelqu'un — to annoy somebody
casser la croûte (colloq) or la graine — (colloq) to eat
ça casse pas des briques — (colloq) it's nothing to write home about (colloq)
ça te prendra trois heures, à tout casser — (colloq) it'll take you three hours at the very most ou at the outside
qui casse (les verres) paie — if you cause damage, you pay for it
* * *kɒse vt1) [un objet] to breakJ'ai cassé un verre. — I've broken a glass.
2) [routine] to break, [mythes] to shatter3) ADMINISTRATION, [gradé] to demote4) DROIT, [un jugement] to quash5) figà tout casser * (= tout au plus) — at the outside, at the very most
* * *casser verb table: aimerA vtr1 ( briser) to break [objet, os, membre]; to crack [noix, noisette]; les vandales ont tout cassé dans la maison the vandals wrecked the house; casser un bras/une côte/une dent à qn to break sb's arm/rib/tooth; quel maladroit! il casse tout! he's so clumsy, he breaks everything!; casser un carreau to smash ou break a windowpane; casser le moral de qn to break sb's spirit; casser le mouvement syndical to break the unions; ça m'a cassé la voix de hurler comme ça shouting like that has made me hoarse; casser les prix Comm to slash prices; casser le rythme d'une course to slow down the pace of a race; casser la figure○ or la gueule◑ à qn to beat sb up○; casser○ du flic○/du manifestant to beat up policemen/ demonstrators; ⇒ sucre, omelette;2 ○( dégrader) to demote [militaire, employé];4 ○( humilier) to cut [sb] down to size [personne]; le patron l'a cassé devant tous les employés the boss put him down in front of all the employees.B vi1 ( se briser) [matière, objet] to break; [ficelle, corde, bande enregistrée] to break, to snap; la branche a cassé sous le poids des fruits the branch broke ou snapped under the weight of the fruit; ça casse très facilement it breaks very easily;2 ○( se séparer) [couple] to split up; il a cassé avec sa petite amie he's split ou broken up with his girlfriend.C se casser vpr2 ( se briser) to break; la clé s'est cassée net the key snapped in two;3 ( se blesser) se casser une jambe/un bras, se casser la jambe/le bras to break one's leg/one's arm; se casser la figure○ or gueule◑ ( tomber par terre) [piéton] to fall over GB ou down; [cavalier, motard] to take a fall; ( avoir un accident) [automobiliste, motard, avion] to crash; ( échouer) [entreprise, projet] to fail, to come a cropper○ GB; ( se battre) [personnes] to have a scrap○; il ne s'est pas cassé○, il ne s'est pas cassé la tête ○ or le tronc○ or la nénette○ or le cul◑ he didn't exactly strain himself; se casser la tête○ (sur un problème) to rack one's brain (over a problem); se casser la tête○ or le cul◑ à faire qch to go out of one's way to do sth.casser les pieds○ or les couilles● à qn to annoy sb, to bug○ sb; il nous les casse● he's bugging○ us; casser la croûte or la graine○ to eat, to nosh○ GB, to chock○ US; ça casse rien○, ça casse pas des briques○ or trois pattes à un canard○ it's nothing to write home about○; il faut que ça passe ou que ça casse it's make or break; une fête/un banquet à tout casser○ a fantastic party/dinner; ça te prendra trois heures, à tout casser○ it'll take you three hours at the very most ou at the outside; il y avait 200 personnes, à tout casser○ there were 200 people at the very most ou at the outside; qui casse (les verres) paie if you cause damage, you pay for it.[kase] verbe transitif1. [mettre en pièces - table] to break (up) ; [ - porte] to break down (separable) ; [ - poignée] to break off (separable) ; [ - noix] to crack (open)casser quelque chose en mille morceaux to smash something to bits ou smithereenscasser quelque chose en deux to break ou to snap something in twob. [faire échouer un plan] to ruin it all2. [interrompre - fonctionnement, déroulement, grève] to break3. [démolir] to demolish4. [en parlant de parties du corps] to breaka. (familier) [avec de la musique] to deafen somebodyb. [en le harcelant] to give somebody a lot of hasslela religion, la famille, ils veulent tout casser religion, family values, they want to smash everything9. COMMERCE10. (très familier) [cambrioler] to do a job on————————[kase] verbe intransitif[verre, chaise] to break[fil] to snap[poignée] to break offa. [en deux] the stem snappedb. [s'est détachée] the stem snapped off————————se casser verbe pronominal intransitif1. [être mis en pièces - assiette] to break ; [ - poignée] to break offa. [en deux] to snap into twob. [se détacher] to break clean off2. (très familier) [partir] to push ou to buzz offcasse-toi! get lost!, push off!3. [cesser de fonctionner - appareil, véhicule] to break down5. [vêtement] to break (off)————————se casser verbe pronominal transitifb. [livre, carafe] to crash to the groundc. [projet] to bite the dust, to take a divene te casse pas la tête, fais une omelette don't put yourself out, just make an omelettea. (familier) [ne trouver personne] to find no-one inça vaut mieux que de se casser une jambe (familier) it's better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick————————à tout casser (familier) locution adjectivale————————à tout casser (familier) locution adverbiale[tout au plus] at the (very) most -
96 nez
nez [ne]masculine nouna. nose• où est mon sac ? -- sous ton nez ! where's my bag? -- right under your nose!• se trouver nez à nez avec qn to find o.s. face to face with sbb. ( = flair) il a du nez he has good instincts• en affaires, il a le nez fin he has a flair for business• montrer le bout de son nez ( = se manifester) to make an appearance* * *nɛnom masculin noseça sent le parfum à plein nez — (colloq) there's a strong smell of perfume
je n'ai pas mis le nez dehors — (colloq) I didn't set foot outside
mettre le nez à la fenêtre — (colloq) to show one's face at the window
tu as le nez dessus — (colloq) it's staring you in the face
••mener quelqu'un par le bout du nez — (colloq) ( dans un couple) to have somebody under one's thumb; ( plus général) to have somebody wrapped round one's little finger
avoir quelqu'un dans le nez — (colloq) to have it in for somebody
avoir un coup or verre dans le nez — (colloq) to have had one too many (colloq)
faire quelque chose au nez (et à la barbe) de quelqu'un — to do something right under somebody's nose
filer or passer sous le nez de quelqu'un — to slip through somebody's fingers
avoir le nez creux — (colloq) to be canny
se casser le nez — (colloq) ( trouver porte close) to find nobody at home; ( échouer) to fail, to come a cropper (colloq)
* * *ne nmavoir du nez — to have flair, to have foresight
* * *nez ⇒ Le corps humain nm1 Anat nose; nez droit/aquilin or en bec d'aigle straight/aquiline nose; nez en trompette or en pied de marmite turned-up nose; avoir le nez bouché/qui coule to have a blocked/runny nose; respirer par le nez to breathe through one's nose; se boucher le nez to hold one's nose; tu saignes du nez your nose is bleeding; ça sent le parfum à plein nez○ there's a strong smell of perfume; regarder qn sous le nez to stare rudely at sb; mettre qch sous le nez de qn○ to put sth right under sb's nose; mettre○ or fourrer◑ son nez partout/dans qch to poke one's nose into everything/into sth; je n'ai pas mis le nez dehors I didn't set foot outside; il fait un froid à ne pas mettre le nez dehors it's freezing cold; mettre le nez à la fenêtre to show one's face at the window; montrer or pointer le bout du nez to show one's face; lever à peine le nez barely to look up; ne pas lever le nez de qch never to lift one's head from sth; elle travaille le nez sur son ordinateur/sa feuille she works hunched over her computer/her sheet of paper; tu as le nez dessus it's staring you in the face; se retrouver nez à nez avec qn to find oneself face to face with sb; avoir du nez, avoir le nez fin ( odorat) to have a good sense of smell; ( intuition) to be shrewd; rire/fermer la porte au nez de qn to laugh/shut the door in sb's face; ⇒ lait, moutarde, ver;3 Géog ( promontoire) headland;ça se voit or c'est gros comme le nez au milieu du visage or de la figure○ it's as plain as the nose on your face; mener qn par le bout du nez○ ( dans un couple) to have sb under one's thumb; ( plus général) to have sb wrapped round one's little finger○; ton nez bouge or remue you're telling a lie; avoir qn dans le nez○ to have it in for sb; avoir un coup or un verre dans le nez○ to have had one too many○; se manger○ or bouffer◑ le nez to be at each other's throats; ne pas voir plus loin que le bout de son nez to see no further than the end of one's nose; faire qch au nez (et à la barbe) de qn to do sth right under sb's nose; filer or passer sous le nez de qn to slip through sb's fingers; avoir le nez creux○ to be canny; se casser le nez○ ( trouver porte close) to find nobody at home; ( échouer) to fail, to come a cropper○.[ne] nom masculinavoir le nez bouché to have a stuffed up ou blocked noseavoir le nez qui saigne, saigner du nez to have a nosebleedparler du nez to talk ou to speak through one's nose2. [jugement] flair (substantif non comptable), good judgment (substantif non comptable), intuition (substantif non comptable)j'ai eu du nez ou le nez fin ou le nez creux my intuition was goodtu vois, j'ai eu le nez fin de partir avant minuit you see, I was right to trust my instinct and leave before midnight3. [flair d'un chien] nose4. [en parfumerie] perfume tester5. AÉRONAUTIQUE nose10. TECHNOLOGIE shank11. (locution)sans lever le nez de son travail without looking up from his/her workmontrer (le bout de) son nez to show one's face, to put in an appearancele voisin/soleil n'a pas montré son nez de la semaine the man next door/sun hasn't come out all weekfermer/claquer la porte au nez à quelqu'un to shut/to slam the door in somebody's faceau nez (et à la barbe) ou sous le nez de quelqu'un under somebody's nosetu as le nez dessus!, il est sous ton nez! it's right under your nose!mettre ou fourrer son nez dans les affaires de quelqu'un (familier) to poke ou to stick one's nose in somebody's businessje vais lui mettre le nez dans son caca (très familier) ou sa merde (vulgaire) , moi! I'm going to rub his nose right in it!————————à plein nez locution adverbiale -
97 thing
nounwhat's that thing in your hand? — was hast du da in der Hand?
not a thing — überhaupt od. gar nichts
2) (action)that was a foolish thing to do — das war eine große Dummheit
it was the right thing to do — es war das einzig Richtige
do things to somebody/something — (fig. coll.) auf jemanden/etwas eine enorme Wirkung haben (ugs.)
3) (fact) [Tat]sache, dieit's a strange thing that... — es ist seltsam, dass...
for one thing, you don't have enough money[, for another thing...] — zunächst einmal hast du nicht genügend Geld [, außerdem...]
the best/worst thing about the situation/her — das Beste/Schlimmste an der Situation/an ihr
know/learn a thing or two about something/somebody — sich mit etwas/jemandem auskennen/einiges über etwas (Akk.) lernen/über jemanden erfahren
the [only] thing is that... — die Sache ist [nur] die, dass...
4) (idea)say the first thing that comes into one's head — das sagen, was einem gerade so einfällt
what a thing to say! — wie kann man nur so etwas sagen!
have a thing about somebody/something — (coll.) (be obsessed about) auf jemanden/etwas abfahren (salopp); (be prejudiced about) etwas gegen jemanden/etwas haben; (be afraid of or repulsed by) einen Horror vor jemandem/etwas haben (ugs.)
5) (task)make a mess of things — alles vermasseln (salopp)
make a [big] thing of something — (regard as essential) auf etwas besonderen Wert legen; (get excited about) sich über etwas (Akk.) aufregen
7) (circumstance)how are things? — wie geht's [dir]?
as things stand [with me] — so wie die Dinge [bei mir] liegen
it's just one of those things — (coll.) so was kommt schon mal vor (ugs.)
8) (individual, creature) Ding, dasshe is in hospital, poor thing — sie ist im Krankenhaus, das arme Ding
you spiteful thing! — du [gemeines] Biest!
10) in pl. (matters)an expert/authority on things historical — ein Fachmann/eine Autorität in geschichtlichen Fragen
11) (product of work) Sache, die12) (special interest)do one's own thing — (coll.) sich selbst verwirklichen
13) (coll.): (something remarkable)now there's a thing! — das ist ja ein Ding! (ugs.)
14)blue jeans are the thing among teenagers — Bluejeans sind der Hit (ugs.) unter den Teenagern
but the thing is, will she come in fact? — aber die Frage ist, wird sie auch tatsächlich kommen?
* * *[θɪŋ]nI haven't got a \thing to wear ich habe nichts zum Anziehen [o SCHWEIZ a. Anlegen]she behaved like a mad \thing sie benahm sich wie eine Verrückteyou cannot be all \things to all men man kann es nicht allen recht machen▪ \things pl Besitz m kein pl, Habe f kein pl; (objects for special purpose) Sachen pl, Zeug nt kein plshe put all his \things in suitcases and put them outside the door sie packte alle seine Sachen in Koffer und stellte diese vor die Türthis \thing called love das, was man so Liebe nenntif there's one \thing I want to know it's this wenn es etwas gibt, das ich wissen will, dann ist es dasit was just one \thing after another da kam eben eins zum anderenone \thing leads to another das Eine führt zum Anderndon't worry about a \thing! mach dir keine Sorgen!learning to ride a bike was a difficult \thing for me to do ich habe lange gebraucht, bis ich Rad fahren konnteI value my freedom above all \things meine Freiheit steht für mich an erster Stelleif it's not one \thing, it's another ständig ist [et]was losto not be sb's \thing nicht jds Ding sein famto be a \thing of the past der Vergangenheit angehörenin all \things in jeder Hinsicht, in [o bei] allemthe whole \thing das Ganzethe last \thing I want to do is hurt his feelings ich möchte auf keinen Fall seine Gefühle verletzenthat was a close \thing! das war knapp!walking in stormy weather along a beach just does \things to me bei stürmischem Wetter am Strand spazieren zu gehen macht mir unheimlich Spaßplenty of \things vielesto do sth first/last \thing etw als Erstes/Letztes tunI'll phone him first \thing tomorrow ich rufe ihn morgen gleich als Erstes anto call sb last \thing at night jdn spät nachts noch anrufenthe real \thing das einzig Wahresure \thing! esp AM na klar!what a lovely \thing to say! wie nett, so etwas zu sagen!I have a \thing or two on my mind mir geht so einiges durch den Kopfand another \thing,... und noch [et]was,...why don't you come with me? — for one \thing, I don't like flying, and for another, I can't afford it warum kommst du nicht mit? — einerseits fliege ich nicht gerne und außerdem kann ich es mir nicht leistento be able to tell sb a \thing or two jdm noch so einiges [o manches] erzählen könnento know a \thing or two eine ganze Menge wissen, sich akk gut auskennen7. (social behaviour)▪ the \thing das Richtigeit's the done \thing ( also iron) das gehört sich so [o gehört zum guten Ton]smoking during meals is not the done \thing es gehört sich nicht, während des Essens zu rauchen8. (the important point)9. (something non-existent)▪ \things pl:to be hearing [or imagining] \things Gespenster sehen fig10. (the situation)▪ \things pl die Dinge, die Lagewhat are \things like? wie sieht's aus? [o läuft's?] famall \things considered alles in allemas \things stand, the way \things are so wie die Dinge stehen11. (confectionery)sweet \things Süßigkeiten pl12. (person)you lucky \thing! du Glückliche(r) [o Glückspilz]!she's a dear little \thing sie ist ein Schatzlazy \thing Faulpelz mthe poor \things die Ärmstenstupid \thing Dummkopf m, Idiot m13.▶ you can have too much of a good \thing man kann es auch übertreiben▶ to have a [or this] \thing about sb ( fam: dislike) jdn nicht ausstehen können fam; (like very much) verrückt nach jdm sein fam▶ there are more \things in heaven and earth [than are dreamt of in your philosophy] BRIT ( saying) es gibt mehr Dinge zwischen Himmel und Erde [als deine Schulweisheit sich träumen lässt]▶ a little learning [or knowledge] is a dangerous \thing ( saying) zu wenig Wissen kann gefährlich werden▶ to make a [big] \thing out of sth aus etw dat eine große Sache machen, um etw akk viel Wirbel machen▶ the next big \thing der neueste Trend▶ to be just one of those \things (be unavoidable) einfach unvermeidlich sein; (typical happening) typisch seinthis is just one of those \things da kann man halt nichts machen fam▶ these \things are sent to try us BRIT ( saying) das sind die Prüfungen, die uns das Schicksal auferlegt* * *[ɵɪŋ]n1) (= any material object) Ding nta thing of beauty/great value — etwas Schönes/sehr Wertvolles
she likes sweet things — sie mag Süßes or süße Sachen
2) pl (= clothes, equipment, belongings) Sachen pl3) (non material = affair, subject) Sache fyou know, it's a funny thing — wissen Sie, es ist schon seltsam
the odd/best thing about it is... — das Seltsame/Beste daran ist,...
it's a good thing I came —
it's a bad/strange thing but... — es ist schlecht/seltsam, aber...
to make a big thing of or about doing sth — eine große Sache daraus machen, dass man etw tut
he's on to or onto a good thing (inf) — er hat da was Gutes aufgetan (inf)
there is one/one other thing I want to ask you —
and there's another thing, why didn't you...? — und noch etwas, warum haben Sie nicht...?
it's one thing to talk about it, it's another to do it — es ist eine Sache, davon zu reden, eine völlig andere, es dann auch zu tun
the things you do/say! — was du so machst/sagst!
I must be hearing/seeing things! — ich glaube, ich höre/sehe nicht richtig, ich glaube, ich spinne! (inf)
all the things I meant to say/do —
to expect great things of sb/sth — Großes or große Dinge von jdm/etw erwarten
I must think things over — ich muss mir die Sache or das überlegen
as things stand at the moment, as things are... — so wie die Dinge im Moment liegen
how are things ( with you)? — wie gehts (bei) Ihnen?
since that's how things are... — wenn das so ist..., in dem Fall...
taking one thing with another — im Großen und Ganzen, alles in allem
it's been one thing after the other (going wrong) — es kam eins zum anderen
(what) with one thing and another I haven't had time to do it yet — ich bin einfach noch nicht dazu gekommen
for one thing it doesn't make sense — erst einmal ergibt das überhaupt keinen Sinn
not to see/understand a thing — (absolut) nichts sehen/verstehen
not to know a thing — (absolut) nichts wissen, keine Ahnung haben
See:→ academic.ru/73641/teach">teachI say, old thing (dated inf) — na, du altes Haus (inf)
lucky thing! — der/die Glückliche/du Glückliche(r)!
5)that's not the thing to do —
the thing to do now would be... — was wir jetzt machen sollten, wäre...
that would be the honourable thing to do — es wäre nur anständig, das zu tun
6)I'm not at my best first thing in the morning — so früh am Morgen bin ich nicht gerade in Hochformthe thing is to know when... — man muss wissen, wann...
yes, but the thing is... — ja, aber...
the thing is we haven't got enough money —
the thing is, you see, he loves her — das Problem ist, dass er sie liebt
yes but the thing is it won't work — ja, aber das Dumme ist, es funktioniert nicht
7)(all) things German/mystical/mechanical — alles Deutsche/Geheimnisvolle/Mechanische
* * *thing1, oft Thing [θıŋ] s PARL Thing n (in Skandinavien und Island: Reichstag oder Volksgerichtsversammlung)thing2 [θıŋ] s1. Ding n, Gegenstand m:the law of things JUR das Sachenrecht;just the thing I wanted genau (das), was ich haben wollte;it was so dark that I could not see a thing dass ich überhaupt nichts sehen konnte;she says she hasn’t got a thing to wear sie hat (überhaupt) nichts anzuziehen2. umga) Ding n, Dings(da) nb) euph Ding n (männliches oder weibliches Geschlechtsteil)3. Ding n, Sache f, Angelegenheit f:above all things vor allen Dingen, vor allem;things political politische Dinge, alles Politische;that was a close thing das hätte ins Auge gehen können umg, das ist gerade noch einmal gut gegangen;a pretty thing iron eine schöne Geschichte;for one thing (erstens) einmal;for one thing … and for another zum einen … und zum anderen;the latest thing in hats das Neueste in oder an Hüten;in all things in jeder Hinsicht;no small thing keine Kleinigkeit;not a thing (rein) gar nichts;of all things ausgerechnet (dieses etc);it’s one of those things da kann man (halt) nichts machen;that’s one of those little things that are sent to try us wenn es solche Dinge nicht gäbe, ginge es uns wahrscheinlich viel zu gut;be a thing of the past der Vergangenheit angehören;be too much of a good thing zu viel des Guten sein;I’ve got better things to do than … ich habe Wichtigeres zu tun als …;do great things große Dinge tun, Großes vollbringen;do one’s (own) thing umg tun, was man will;expect great things from sb große Dinge von jemandem erwarten;we had expected better things from him wir hatten mehr von ihm erwartet;a) jemanden, etwas wahnsinnig gern mögen,b) jemanden, etwas überhaupt nicht ausstehen können;if I hate one thing, it is … wenn ich eines hasse, dann ist es …;make a big thing out of viel Aufhebens machen von;this proves three things das beweist dreierlei;he can still teach them a thing or two er kann ihnen noch immer etwas oder das eine od andere beibringen;I could tell you a thing or two about him ich könnte dir (so) einiges über ihn erzählen; → first A 1, last1 A 14. pl Dinge pl, Umstände pl, (Sach)Lage f:things are improving die Dinge oder Verhältnisse bessern sich5. pl Sachen pl, Zeug n (Gepäck, Gerät, Kleider etc):put on one’s things sich anziehen6. pl Sachen pl (Getränke, Essen, Medizin):a lot of good things viele gute Sachen (zum Essen und Trinken)7. Wesen n, Geschöpf n:8. a) Ding n (Mädchen etc):b) Kerl m:(the) poor thing das arme Ding, der arme Kerl;* * *nounnot a thing — überhaupt od. gar nichts
2) (action)do things to somebody/something — (fig. coll.) auf jemanden/etwas eine enorme Wirkung haben (ugs.)
3) (fact) [Tat]sache, dieit's a strange thing that... — es ist seltsam, dass...
for one thing, you don't have enough money[, for another thing...] — zunächst einmal hast du nicht genügend Geld [, außerdem...]
the best/worst thing about the situation/her — das Beste/Schlimmste an der Situation/an ihr
know/learn a thing or two about something/somebody — sich mit etwas/jemandem auskennen/einiges über etwas (Akk.) lernen/über jemanden erfahren
the [only] thing is that... — die Sache ist [nur] die, dass...
4) (idea)say the first thing that comes into one's head — das sagen, was einem gerade so einfällt
have a thing about somebody/something — (coll.) (be obsessed about) auf jemanden/etwas abfahren (salopp); (be prejudiced about) etwas gegen jemanden/etwas haben; (be afraid of or repulsed by) einen Horror vor jemandem/etwas haben (ugs.)
5) (task)make a mess of things — alles vermasseln (salopp)
make a [big] thing of something — (regard as essential) auf etwas besonderen Wert legen; (get excited about) sich über etwas (Akk.) aufregen
how are things? — wie geht's [dir]?
as things stand [with me] — so wie die Dinge [bei mir] liegen
it's just one of those things — (coll.) so was kommt schon mal vor (ugs.)
8) (individual, creature) Ding, dasshe is in hospital, poor thing — sie ist im Krankenhaus, das arme Ding
you spiteful thing! — du [gemeines] Biest!
9) in pl. (personal belongings, outer clothing) Sachen10) in pl. (matters)an expert/authority on things historical — ein Fachmann/eine Autorität in geschichtlichen Fragen
11) (product of work) Sache, diedo one's own thing — (coll.) sich selbst verwirklichen
13) (coll.): (something remarkable)now there's a thing! — das ist ja ein Ding! (ugs.)
14)the thing — (what is proper or needed or important) das Richtige
blue jeans are the thing among teenagers — Bluejeans sind der Hit (ugs.) unter den Teenagern
but the thing is, will she come in fact? — aber die Frage ist, wird sie auch tatsächlich kommen?
* * *n.Ding -e n.Sache -n f. -
98 tierra
f.1 land (terrenos, continentes).en tierras mexicanas/del rey on Mexican soil/the King's landpor estas tierras round these parts, down this waytierra adentro inlandtierra de nadie no-man's-landtierra prometida Promised Landtierra del Fuego Tierra del Fuegotierra Santa the Holy Landtierra virgen virgin land2 land.cultivar la tierra to farm the land3 earth.se me ha metido tierra en los zapatos I've got some earth in my shoesun camino de tierra a dirt track4 ground (suelo).bajo tierra undergroundcaer a tierra to fall to the groundtomar tierra to land5 homeland, native land (lugar de origen) (país).vino/queso de la tierra local wine/cheesetierra natal homeland, native land6 dust. ( Latin American Spanish)7 soil, dirt.8 country, homeland.9 plot of land, territory, estate, soil.* * *1 (planeta) earth2 (superficie sólida) land3 (terreno cultivado) soil, land4 (país) country, land5 (suelo) ground6 ELECTRICIDAD earth, US ground1 land sing\caer por tierra figurado to crumbledar en tierra con algo to drop something on the ground, throw something on the groundechar a tierra to demolishechar por tierra figurado to crush, destroyechar tierra encima de figurado to hush upponer tierra por medio figurado to make oneself scarcepor estas tierras in these partspor tierra overland, by land¡tierra a la vista! land ahoy!tierra adentro inland¡tierra trágame! figurado I wish I was somewhere else, I could curl up and dietirar por tierra figurado to crush, destroyvivir de la tierra to make a living from the landtierra de nadie no-man's-landTierra del Fuego Tierra del Fuegotierra firme terra firma, dry landtierra natal homelandTierra Santa the Holy Land* * *noun f.1) earth2) land3) soil4) homeland•* * *SF1)• la Tierra — the earth, the Earth
2) (=superficie)a) [fuera del agua] land¡tierra a la vista! — land ahoy!
la industria pesquera genera unos 400.000 empleos en tierra — the fishing industry provides 400,000 jobs on land
•
por tierra — overland, by landatravesar un país por tierra — to go overland o by land across a country
•
tomar tierra — to reach port, get inb) (=no aire) [desde el aire] ground; [desde el espacio] earthla explosión ocurrió cuando el avión cayó a tierra — the explosion occurred when the aeroplane hit the ground
•
tocar tierra — to touch down•
tomar tierra — to landtierra firme — (=no aire) solid ground; (=no agua) land
3) (=suelo) ground•
caer a tierra — to fall down•
dar con algo en tierra — to knock sth over•
echarse a tierra — to throw o.s. on o to the ground- venirse a o por tierra4) (=material) [gen] earth; (=polvo) dust; (=barro) mud; [para jardinería, cultivo] soilcon los zapatos llenos de tierra — (=polvo) with his shoes covered in dust; (=barro) with his shoes covered in mud
viviendas con suelo de tierra — houses with earth o dirt floors
acordaron echar tierra al incidente y seguir siendo amigos — they agreed to put the incident behind them and continue to be friends
le vienes a echar tierra a mi carro con tu descapotable — your convertible makes my car look ridiculous o really bad
tierra caliente — LAm land below 1000m approximately
tierra fría — LAm land above 2000m approximately
tierra quemada — (Pol) scorched earth
pista 3), política 2)tierra templada — LAm land between 1000m and 2000m approximately
5) (Agr) landtierra de secano — dry land, unirrigated land
6) (=división territorial)a) (=lugar de origen)todo refugiado siente nostalgia de su tierra — every refugee feels homesick for or misses his native land o homeland
b) [en plural]sus viajes por tierras de Castilla, su largo exilio en tierras australianas — her lengthy exile in Australia
no es de estas tierras — he's not from these parts, he's not from this part of the world
- ver tierras7) (Elec) earth, ground (EEUU)toma 1., 1)conectar un aparato a tierra — to earth o (EEUU) ground an appliance
* * *1) (campo, terreno) landtierras fértiles/áridas — fertile/arid land
tierra labrantía or de cultivo — arable o cultivated land
poner tierra de por medio — to make oneself scarce (colloq)
2) (suelo, superficie) ground; (materia, arena) earthun camino de tierra — a dirt road o track
cuerpo a tierra! — hit the ground! (colloq)
echar algo por tierra — <edificio/monumento> to pull o knock down; < planes> to wreck, ruin; < argumentos> to demolish, destroy; < esperanzas> to dash
echarle tierra a algo/alguien — (Col fam) to put something/somebody to shame, make something/somebody look bad
echar tierra a or sobre algo — ( ocultarlo) to cover o hush something up; ( olvidarlo) to forget about something
tragarse la tierra a alguien: como si se lo hubiera tragado la tierra as if he'd vanished off the face of the earth; deseé que me tragara la tierra — I just wanted the earth to open and swallow me up
3) (AmL) ( polvo) dust4) (Elec) ground (AmE), earth (BrE)estar conectado a tierra or (AmL) hacer tierra — to be grounded o earthed
5) (por oposición al mar, al aire) landtierra a la vista! — land ho o ahoy!
viajar por tierra — to travel overland o by land
tocar tierra — to land, put into port
tomar tierra — to land, touch down
6)a) (país, lugar)decidió volver a su tierra — he decided to return to his homeland o to his native land
costumbres de aquellas tierras — customs in those places o countries
b) ( territorio) soil* * *1) (campo, terreno) landtierras fértiles/áridas — fertile/arid land
tierra labrantía or de cultivo — arable o cultivated land
poner tierra de por medio — to make oneself scarce (colloq)
2) (suelo, superficie) ground; (materia, arena) earthun camino de tierra — a dirt road o track
cuerpo a tierra! — hit the ground! (colloq)
echar algo por tierra — <edificio/monumento> to pull o knock down; < planes> to wreck, ruin; < argumentos> to demolish, destroy; < esperanzas> to dash
echarle tierra a algo/alguien — (Col fam) to put something/somebody to shame, make something/somebody look bad
echar tierra a or sobre algo — ( ocultarlo) to cover o hush something up; ( olvidarlo) to forget about something
tragarse la tierra a alguien: como si se lo hubiera tragado la tierra as if he'd vanished off the face of the earth; deseé que me tragara la tierra — I just wanted the earth to open and swallow me up
3) (AmL) ( polvo) dust4) (Elec) ground (AmE), earth (BrE)estar conectado a tierra or (AmL) hacer tierra — to be grounded o earthed
5) (por oposición al mar, al aire) landtierra a la vista! — land ho o ahoy!
viajar por tierra — to travel overland o by land
tocar tierra — to land, put into port
tomar tierra — to land, touch down
6)a) (país, lugar)decidió volver a su tierra — he decided to return to his homeland o to his native land
costumbres de aquellas tierras — customs in those places o countries
b) ( territorio) soil* * *tierra22 = land, ground, soil, earth, dry land [dryland].Ex: Until recently all libraries and some architects have maintained that an academic library should be capable of extension and that land should be reserved for future expansion.
Ex: A profile is a scale representation of the intersection of a vertical surface with the surface of the ground.Ex: This article diagnoses the information needs of those who work in the area of pollution of air, soil and earth.Ex: Insulation techniques helpful to energy conservation are: more use of below surface areas; the mounding of earth against outside walls; sod roofs; and the correct use of glass.Ex: This article describes a knowledge based geographic information system for the broad scale mapping of dryland salinity in the Western Australian wheatbelt.* aprovechamiento de la tierra = land use.* asentamiento en tierras federales = homesteading.* bajo tierra = underground, below surface.* buena tierra = good soil.* camino de tierra = dirt track, dirt road.* como si se + Pronombre + hubiera tragado la tierra = into thin air.* con el suelo de tierra = dirt-floored.* confinado a la tierra = land-bound [landbound].* con los pies sobre la tierra = down-to-earth.* contaminación de la tierra = soil pollution.* corrimiento de tierra = landslide.* cultivar la tierra = farm + land, grow + crops.* dejar la tierra en barbecho = let + farmland lie fallow.* desaprovechamiento de la tierra = land misuse.* desprendimiento de tierra = landslide.* de tierra = onshore, earthen.* echar Algo por tierra = blow + Nombre + out of the water.* echarlo todo por tierra = upset + the applecart.* echar por tierra = scupper, blight, cast + a blight on.* echar por tierra las ilusiones = shatter + Posesivo + hopes.* echar por tierra los planes de Alguien = spike + Posesivo + guns.* echar por tierra una idea = crush + idea.* ejército de tierra, el = army, the [armies, pl.].* en la tierra = on the ground.* en la tierra de = in the land of.* en tierra = onshore, ashore.* en tierra firme = on dry land.* en tierras lejanas = outranged.* fertilidad de la tierra = soil fertility.* gestión de tierras = land management.* gran extensión de tierra dedicada a la cría de animales de pas = rangeland.* mala tierra = poor soil.* movimiento de tierra = earthwork.* nadie es profeta en su tierra = no man is a prophet in his own land.* pequeño propietario de tierras = yeoman farmer.* pies sobre la tierra = feet on the ground.* pista de tierra batida = clay tennis court.* poner los pies sobre la tierra = come down + to earth.* por encima de la tierra = aboveground.* rodeado de tierra = land-bound [landbound], land-locked [landlocked].* sin tierras, sin propiedad rural = landless.* sobre la tierra = on the ground.* temblor de tierra = quake, earth tremor.* tenis sobre tierra batida = clay tennis, clay court tennis.* ¡Tierra a la vista! = Land ahoy!, Land ho!.* tierra arenosa = sandy soil.* tierra baldía = wasteland, moor, barren land.* tierra buena = good soil.* tierra cenagosa = loamy soil.* tierra cultivable = arable land.* tierra de cultivo = soil, farmland [farm land].* Tierra de Israel, la = Land of Israel, the.* tierra de labranza = farmland [farm land].* tierra de nadie = twilight zone, wilderness, no-man's land.* tierra de pastoreo = pasture land.* tierra de pastos = pasture land.* tierra desconocida = terra incognita.* tierra en barbecho = fallow land.* tierra fértil = sod, loam.* tierra firme = dry land [dryland], land mass [landmass], firm ground, solid ground.* tierra lejana = far off land.* tierra mala = poor soil.* tierra margosa = loamy soil.* tierra natal = homeland.* tierra prometida, la = land of cream and honey, the, promised land, the, land of milk and honey, the.* tierras = landed estate.* tierras altas = highland.* tierras altas escocesas = Highland.* tierra salvaje = wilderness.* Tierra Santa = Holy Land, the.* tierras bajas = lowlands.* tierras celtas, las = Celtic fringe, the.* tierras del sur = southland.* tierras mejores = greener pastures.* tierras movedizas = shifting sands.* tierras perdidas = lost lands.* tierra virgen = uncharted territory, uncharted waters, unchartered territory, unchartered waters.* toma de tierra = earthing.* transporte por tierra = land transport.* tropa de tierra = ground troop.* uso de la tierra = land use.* vasallo propietario de sus tierras = yeoman [yeomen, -pl.].* vehículo de tierra a motor = motor land vehicle.* vivir de la tierra = live off + the land.* * *A (campo, terreno) landuna distribución más justa de la tierra a fairer distribution of landtierras comunales common landcompró unas tierras en Durango he bought some land in Durangotierras fértiles/áridas fertile/arid landtierra labrantía or de cultivo or de labranza or de labor or de labrantío arable o cultivated landtierras baldías wastelandlos que trabajan la tierra those who work the landponer tierra de por medio to make oneself scarce, get out quick ( colloq)B1 (suelo, superficie) ground; (materia, arena) earthclavó la estaca en la tierra he drove the stake into the groundésta es muy buena tierra this is very good land o soilcavaba la tierra he was digging the groundun camión de tierra a truckload of soil o earthno juegues con la tierra, que te vas a manchar don't play in the dirt, you'll get filthyun camino de tierra a dirt road o track¡cuerpo a tierra! get down!, hit the ground! ( colloq)ya lleva un año bajo tierra she's been dead and buried for a year nowechar algo por tierra ‹edificio/monumento› to demolish, pull o knock down;‹planes› to wreck, ruin, put paid to; ‹argumentos› to demolish, destroy; ‹esperanzas› to dashecharse tierra encima to do oneself down, cry stinking fish ( BrE)echar tierra a or sobre algo (ocultarlo) to cover o hush sth up; (olvidarlo) to forget about sth, put sth behind onetragarse la tierra a algn: parecía que se lo hubiera tragado la tierra it was as if he'd vanished off the face of the earthen aquel momento deseé que me tragara la tierra at that moment I just wanted the earth o the ground to open and swallow me upCompuesto:( Esp) clayel cable que va a tierra the ground o earth leadnecesita una conexión a tierra or debe estar conectado a tierra or ( AmL) debe hacer tierra it needs to be connected to ground o earth, it needs to be grounded o earthedD (por oposición al mar, al aire) land¡tierra a la vista! land ho! o land ahoy!viajar por tierra to travel overland o by landiniciaron las expediciones tierra adentro they started expeditions into the interiorgentes de tierra adentro people from the interior, people from inlandmisiles aire-tierra air-to-ground missilesel ejército de tierra the armytierra firme solid ground, terra firmaquedarse en tierra to be left behind, miss one's train ( o boat etc)tocar tierra to land, put into porttomar tierra to land, touch downE1(país, región, lugar): después de tantos años de exilio decidió volver a su tierra after all those years in exile he decided to return to his homeland o to his native landlas cosas que pasan por aquellas tierras the things that happen in those places o countriespartió a tierras lejanas para buscar fortuna he set out for foreign parts o for distant lands to seek his fortunevino de la tierra local wine, locally produced winefruta de la tierra locally grown fruit2 (territorio) soilen el instante que pisó tierra francesa the moment he set foot on French soilCompuestos:: from Mexico to Peru, land below approx. 1,200mTierra del Fuegono-man's-landthe cold lands (pl), (from Mexico to Peru, land above approx. 2,200m)native land, land of one's birthPromised LandHoly Landthe temperate lands (pl) (from Mexico to Peru, land between approx. 1,200m and 2,200m)Fla composición de la atmósfera de la Tierra the composition of the Earth's atmosphere¿cúal es el planeta más cercano a la Tierra? what is the closest planet to (the) Earth?para proteger la vida en la Tierra to protect life on earthCreador del Cielo y de la Tierra Creator of Heaven and Earth* * *
tierra sustantivo femenino
1 (campo, terreno) land;
tierra de cultivo arable land
2 (suelo, superficie) ground;
(materia, arena) earth;
un camión de tierra a truckload of soil o earth;
no juegues con tierra don't play in the dirt;
un camino de tierra a dirt road o track;
echar algo por tierra ‹ planes› to wreck, ruin;
‹ argumentos› to demolish, destroy;
‹ esperanzas› to dash
3 (AmL) ( polvo) dust
4 (Elec) ground (AmE), earth (BrE);
estar conectado a tierra or (AmL) hacer tierra to be grounded o earthed
5 (por oposición al mar, al aire) land;◊ viajar por tierra to travel overland o by land;
tierra firme solid ground;
tomar tierra to land, touch down
6 (país, lugar):
costumbres de aquellas tierras customs in those places o countries;
la Ttierra Santa the Holy Land
7 ( planeta)
tierra sustantivo femenino
1 (planeta) la Tierra, (the) Earth o earth
2 (medio terrestre, terreno) land
viajar por tierra, to travel by land
tierra adentro, inland
tierra de nadie, no-man's-land
(un avión) tomar tierra, to land
Agr land
tiene tierras de cultivo, he has cultivated land
tierra baldía, wasteland
3 (país, lugar de origen) homeland
(territorio) nació en tierra inglesa, she was born on English soil
4 (superficie terrestre, suelo) ground
bajo tierra, below ground
(materia) soil, earth
un puñado de tierra, a handful of earth o soil
un camino de tierra, a dirt track
5 Elec earth
toma de tierra, earth wire, US ground
♦ Locuciones: echar por tierra, to ruin, spoil
echar tierra sobre, to hush up
familiar de la tierra, (producto del país) son tomates de la tierra, they are home-grown tomatoes
familiar (alejarse, escapar) poner alguien tierra por medio, to get as far away as possible
familiar (para expresar vergüenza) ¡tierra trágame! I wish the earth would swallow me up
(perder un medio de transporte) quedarse alguien en tierra, to miss a plane/train or any other form of transport
' tierra' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
adentro
- baja
- bajo
- barro
- batida
- batido
- campo
- construcción
- criar
- desaparecer
- entrañas
- escarbar
- esquilmar
- explotar
- franja
- fructífera
- fructífero
- global
- globo
- gua
- horizonte
- hoyo
- hundimiento
- langosta
- palada
- parcela
- perforar
- pista
- polvo
- ras
- redondez
- remover
- ribera
- rica
- rico
- seísmo
- sementera
- señorío
- soñar
- suelo
- surco
- temblar
- terráquea
- terráqueo
- terrena
- terreno
- terrestre
- terrón
- terruño
- tocar
English:
adjacent
- adjoining
- allotment
- ashore
- clump
- crack
- crumble
- crunch
- cultivated
- cultivation
- demolish
- dig
- dirt road
- earth
- earthworm
- earthy
- encroach
- explode
- face
- fairyland
- fall
- farming
- feel
- ground
- hedgehog
- Holy Land
- homeland
- inland
- land
- level
- lump
- no man's land
- orbit
- overland
- parched
- portage
- pull apart
- quake
- reclaim
- rich
- richness
- rig
- rock
- roll
- rough
- sandy
- seed
- set down
- shatter
- shock
* * *tierra nf2. [superficie] land;viajar por tierra to travel by land;tierra adentro inland;poner tierra (de) por medio to make oneself scarceAm tierra caliente = in Latin America, climate zone up to an altitude of approximately 1,000 metres;tierra firme [por oposición al mar] land, dry land;[terreno sólido] hard ground; Am tierra fría = in Latin America, climate zone above the altitude of approximately 2,000 metres;Tierra del Fuego Tierra del Fuego;tierra de nadie no-man's-land;tierra prometida Promised Land;Tierra de Promisión Promised Land;Tierra Santa the Holy Land;la tierra del Sol Naciente the land of the Rising Sun;Am tierra templada = in Latin America, climate zone between the altitudes of approximately 1,000 and 2,000 metres;tierra virgen virgin land3. [suelo] ground;trabajan bajo tierra they work underground;caer a tierra to fall to the ground;muchos aviones se han quedado en tierra por la niebla many planes have been grounded because of the fog;tocar tierra [avión] to touch down;tomar tierra: tomó tierra en un campo he landed in a field;tomaremos tierra en el aeropuerto de Barajas en diez minutos we will be landing at Barajas airport in ten minutes;besar la tierra to fall flat on one's face;[argumentos, teoría] to demolish sth; Fam¡tierra, trágame!, ¡trágame tierra! I wish the earth would swallow me up!;era como si se lo hubiera tragado la tierra he had vanished without a trace;4. [materia] earth;[para nutrir plantas] soil;se me ha metido tierra en los zapatos I've got some earth o dirt in my shoes;esta tierra no es buena para cultivar this soil isn't good for growing things;un camino de tierra a dirt track;política de tierra quemada scorched earth policy;Formaldar tierra a alguien to bury sb;tierra batida [en tenis] clay;tierra vegetal topsoil, loam5. [en agricultura] land;cultivar la tierra to farm the landtierra cultivable arable land;tierra de cultivo arable land;tierra de labor arable land;tierra de labranza arable land6. [lugar de origen] [país] homeland, native land;[región] home o native region;este chico es de mi tierra this lad is from where I come from;vino/queso de la tierra local wine/cheesetierra natal homeland, native landen tierras del rey on the King's land;en tierras mexicanas on Mexican soil;por estas tierras round these parts, down this way;ver otras tierras to travel, to see the worldestar conectado a tierra, tener toma de tierra to be Br earthed o US grounded10. Am [polvo] dust* * *f1 land;tierra de labor, tierra cultivable arable land, farmland;tierras altas highlands;tierras bajas lowlands;poner tierra de por medio flee, make o.s. scarce fam ;por tierra viajar by land;tomar tierra AVIA land2 materia soil, earth;echar tierra a algo fig hush sth up;echar por tierra ruin, wreck;como si se lo hubiera tragado la tierra as if he had vanished off the face of the earth3 ( patria) native land, homeland;de la tierra locally produced, local4 EL ground, Brearth5:la Tierra the Earth* * *tierra nf1) : land2) suelo: ground, earth3) : country, homeland, soil4)tierra natal : native land5)la Tierra : the Earth* * *tierra n1. (terreno) land2. (materia) earth / soil3. (suelo) groundechar por tierra to ruin / to spoil -
99 AT
I) prep.A. with dative.I. Of motion;1) towards, against;Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;2) close atup to;Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;3) to, at;koma at landi, to come to land;ganga at dómi, to go into court;ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;5) denoting hostility;renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;6) around;vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;7) denoting business, engagement;ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.II. Of position, &c.;1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;at kirkju, at church;at dómi, in court;at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;2) denoting participation in;vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;vera at vígi, to be an accessory in man-slaying;3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;4) with proper names of places (farms);konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;at Marðar, at Mara’s home;at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).III. Of time;1) at, in;at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;at páskum, at Easter;at kveldi, at eventide;at þinglausnum, at the close of the Assembly;at fjöru, at the ebb;at flœðum, at the floodtide;2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;at ári komanda, next year;at vári, er kemr, next spring;generally with ‘komanda’ understood;at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;at honum önduðum, after his death;4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.IV. fig. and in various uses;1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;verða at ormi, to become a snake;2) for, as;gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;3) by;taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;4) as regards as to;auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);aðili at sök = aðili sakar;7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;at landslögum, by the law of the land;at vánum, as was to be expected;at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;10) in adverbial phrases;gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;at fullu, fully;at vísu, surely;at frjálsu, freely;at eilífu, for ever and ever;at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;eiga féránsdóm at e-n, to hold a court of execution upon a person;at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;2) in an objective sense;hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;hón grét at meir, she wept the more;þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.conj., that;1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);4) since, because, as (= því at);5) connected with þó, því, svá;þó at (with subj.), though, although;því at, because, for;svá at, so that;6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;áðr at (= á. en), before;7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.V)negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.odda at, Yggs at, battle.* * *1.and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.WITH DAT.A. LOC.I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.B. TEMP.I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.C. METAPH. and in various cases:I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.V. denoting the source of a thing:1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.IX. following many words:1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.WITH ACC.TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.2.and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.I. it is used either,1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.3.and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.II. it is used,1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.III. used in connection with conjunctions,1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.IV. as a relat. conj.:1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.4.and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.5.n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.6.the negative verbal suffix, v. -a. -
100 Thing
nounwhat's that thing in your hand? — was hast du da in der Hand?
not a thing — überhaupt od. gar nichts
2) (action)that was a foolish thing to do — das war eine große Dummheit
it was the right thing to do — es war das einzig Richtige
do things to somebody/something — (fig. coll.) auf jemanden/etwas eine enorme Wirkung haben (ugs.)
3) (fact) [Tat]sache, dieit's a strange thing that... — es ist seltsam, dass...
for one thing, you don't have enough money[, for another thing...] — zunächst einmal hast du nicht genügend Geld [, außerdem...]
the best/worst thing about the situation/her — das Beste/Schlimmste an der Situation/an ihr
know/learn a thing or two about something/somebody — sich mit etwas/jemandem auskennen/einiges über etwas (Akk.) lernen/über jemanden erfahren
the [only] thing is that... — die Sache ist [nur] die, dass...
4) (idea)say the first thing that comes into one's head — das sagen, was einem gerade so einfällt
what a thing to say! — wie kann man nur so etwas sagen!
have a thing about somebody/something — (coll.) (be obsessed about) auf jemanden/etwas abfahren (salopp); (be prejudiced about) etwas gegen jemanden/etwas haben; (be afraid of or repulsed by) einen Horror vor jemandem/etwas haben (ugs.)
5) (task)make a mess of things — alles vermasseln (salopp)
make a [big] thing of something — (regard as essential) auf etwas besonderen Wert legen; (get excited about) sich über etwas (Akk.) aufregen
7) (circumstance)how are things? — wie geht's [dir]?
as things stand [with me] — so wie die Dinge [bei mir] liegen
it's just one of those things — (coll.) so was kommt schon mal vor (ugs.)
8) (individual, creature) Ding, dasshe is in hospital, poor thing — sie ist im Krankenhaus, das arme Ding
you spiteful thing! — du [gemeines] Biest!
10) in pl. (matters)an expert/authority on things historical — ein Fachmann/eine Autorität in geschichtlichen Fragen
11) (product of work) Sache, die12) (special interest)do one's own thing — (coll.) sich selbst verwirklichen
13) (coll.): (something remarkable)now there's a thing! — das ist ja ein Ding! (ugs.)
14)blue jeans are the thing among teenagers — Bluejeans sind der Hit (ugs.) unter den Teenagern
but the thing is, will she come in fact? — aber die Frage ist, wird sie auch tatsächlich kommen?
* * *[θɪŋ]nI haven't got a \thing to wear ich habe nichts zum Anziehen [o SCHWEIZ a. Anlegen]she behaved like a mad \thing sie benahm sich wie eine Verrückteyou cannot be all \things to all men man kann es nicht allen recht machen▪ \things pl Besitz m kein pl, Habe f kein pl; (objects for special purpose) Sachen pl, Zeug nt kein plshe put all his \things in suitcases and put them outside the door sie packte alle seine Sachen in Koffer und stellte diese vor die Türthis \thing called love das, was man so Liebe nenntif there's one \thing I want to know it's this wenn es etwas gibt, das ich wissen will, dann ist es dasit was just one \thing after another da kam eben eins zum anderenone \thing leads to another das Eine führt zum Anderndon't worry about a \thing! mach dir keine Sorgen!learning to ride a bike was a difficult \thing for me to do ich habe lange gebraucht, bis ich Rad fahren konnteI value my freedom above all \things meine Freiheit steht für mich an erster Stelleif it's not one \thing, it's another ständig ist [et]was losto not be sb's \thing nicht jds Ding sein famto be a \thing of the past der Vergangenheit angehörenin all \things in jeder Hinsicht, in [o bei] allemthe whole \thing das Ganzethe last \thing I want to do is hurt his feelings ich möchte auf keinen Fall seine Gefühle verletzenthat was a close \thing! das war knapp!walking in stormy weather along a beach just does \things to me bei stürmischem Wetter am Strand spazieren zu gehen macht mir unheimlich Spaßplenty of \things vielesto do sth first/last \thing etw als Erstes/Letztes tunI'll phone him first \thing tomorrow ich rufe ihn morgen gleich als Erstes anto call sb last \thing at night jdn spät nachts noch anrufenthe real \thing das einzig Wahresure \thing! esp AM na klar!what a lovely \thing to say! wie nett, so etwas zu sagen!I have a \thing or two on my mind mir geht so einiges durch den Kopfand another \thing,... und noch [et]was,...why don't you come with me? — for one \thing, I don't like flying, and for another, I can't afford it warum kommst du nicht mit? — einerseits fliege ich nicht gerne und außerdem kann ich es mir nicht leistento be able to tell sb a \thing or two jdm noch so einiges [o manches] erzählen könnento know a \thing or two eine ganze Menge wissen, sich akk gut auskennen7. (social behaviour)▪ the \thing das Richtigeit's the done \thing ( also iron) das gehört sich so [o gehört zum guten Ton]smoking during meals is not the done \thing es gehört sich nicht, während des Essens zu rauchen8. (the important point)9. (something non-existent)▪ \things pl:to be hearing [or imagining] \things Gespenster sehen fig10. (the situation)▪ \things pl die Dinge, die Lagewhat are \things like? wie sieht's aus? [o läuft's?] famall \things considered alles in allemas \things stand, the way \things are so wie die Dinge stehen11. (confectionery)sweet \things Süßigkeiten pl12. (person)you lucky \thing! du Glückliche(r) [o Glückspilz]!she's a dear little \thing sie ist ein Schatzlazy \thing Faulpelz mthe poor \things die Ärmstenstupid \thing Dummkopf m, Idiot m13.▶ you can have too much of a good \thing man kann es auch übertreiben▶ to have a [or this] \thing about sb ( fam: dislike) jdn nicht ausstehen können fam; (like very much) verrückt nach jdm sein fam▶ there are more \things in heaven and earth [than are dreamt of in your philosophy] BRIT ( saying) es gibt mehr Dinge zwischen Himmel und Erde [als deine Schulweisheit sich träumen lässt]▶ a little learning [or knowledge] is a dangerous \thing ( saying) zu wenig Wissen kann gefährlich werden▶ to make a [big] \thing out of sth aus etw dat eine große Sache machen, um etw akk viel Wirbel machen▶ the next big \thing der neueste Trend▶ to be just one of those \things (be unavoidable) einfach unvermeidlich sein; (typical happening) typisch seinthis is just one of those \things da kann man halt nichts machen fam▶ these \things are sent to try us BRIT ( saying) das sind die Prüfungen, die uns das Schicksal auferlegt* * *[ɵɪŋ]n1) (= any material object) Ding nta thing of beauty/great value — etwas Schönes/sehr Wertvolles
she likes sweet things — sie mag Süßes or süße Sachen
2) pl (= clothes, equipment, belongings) Sachen pl3) (non material = affair, subject) Sache fyou know, it's a funny thing — wissen Sie, es ist schon seltsam
the odd/best thing about it is... — das Seltsame/Beste daran ist,...
it's a good thing I came —
it's a bad/strange thing but... — es ist schlecht/seltsam, aber...
to make a big thing of or about doing sth — eine große Sache daraus machen, dass man etw tut
he's on to or onto a good thing (inf) — er hat da was Gutes aufgetan (inf)
there is one/one other thing I want to ask you —
and there's another thing, why didn't you...? — und noch etwas, warum haben Sie nicht...?
it's one thing to talk about it, it's another to do it — es ist eine Sache, davon zu reden, eine völlig andere, es dann auch zu tun
the things you do/say! — was du so machst/sagst!
I must be hearing/seeing things! — ich glaube, ich höre/sehe nicht richtig, ich glaube, ich spinne! (inf)
all the things I meant to say/do —
to expect great things of sb/sth — Großes or große Dinge von jdm/etw erwarten
I must think things over — ich muss mir die Sache or das überlegen
as things stand at the moment, as things are... — so wie die Dinge im Moment liegen
how are things ( with you)? — wie gehts (bei) Ihnen?
since that's how things are... — wenn das so ist..., in dem Fall...
taking one thing with another — im Großen und Ganzen, alles in allem
it's been one thing after the other (going wrong) — es kam eins zum anderen
(what) with one thing and another I haven't had time to do it yet — ich bin einfach noch nicht dazu gekommen
for one thing it doesn't make sense — erst einmal ergibt das überhaupt keinen Sinn
not to see/understand a thing — (absolut) nichts sehen/verstehen
not to know a thing — (absolut) nichts wissen, keine Ahnung haben
See:→ academic.ru/73641/teach">teachI say, old thing (dated inf) — na, du altes Haus (inf)
lucky thing! — der/die Glückliche/du Glückliche(r)!
5)that's not the thing to do —
the thing to do now would be... — was wir jetzt machen sollten, wäre...
that would be the honourable thing to do — es wäre nur anständig, das zu tun
6)I'm not at my best first thing in the morning — so früh am Morgen bin ich nicht gerade in Hochformthe thing is to know when... — man muss wissen, wann...
yes, but the thing is... — ja, aber...
the thing is we haven't got enough money —
the thing is, you see, he loves her — das Problem ist, dass er sie liebt
yes but the thing is it won't work — ja, aber das Dumme ist, es funktioniert nicht
7)(all) things German/mystical/mechanical — alles Deutsche/Geheimnisvolle/Mechanische
* * *thing, oft Thing [θıŋ] s PARL Thing n (in Skandinavien und Island: Reichstag oder Volksgerichtsversammlung)* * *nounnot a thing — überhaupt od. gar nichts
2) (action)do things to somebody/something — (fig. coll.) auf jemanden/etwas eine enorme Wirkung haben (ugs.)
3) (fact) [Tat]sache, dieit's a strange thing that... — es ist seltsam, dass...
for one thing, you don't have enough money[, for another thing...] — zunächst einmal hast du nicht genügend Geld [, außerdem...]
the best/worst thing about the situation/her — das Beste/Schlimmste an der Situation/an ihr
know/learn a thing or two about something/somebody — sich mit etwas/jemandem auskennen/einiges über etwas (Akk.) lernen/über jemanden erfahren
the [only] thing is that... — die Sache ist [nur] die, dass...
4) (idea)say the first thing that comes into one's head — das sagen, was einem gerade so einfällt
have a thing about somebody/something — (coll.) (be obsessed about) auf jemanden/etwas abfahren (salopp); (be prejudiced about) etwas gegen jemanden/etwas haben; (be afraid of or repulsed by) einen Horror vor jemandem/etwas haben (ugs.)
5) (task)make a mess of things — alles vermasseln (salopp)
make a [big] thing of something — (regard as essential) auf etwas besonderen Wert legen; (get excited about) sich über etwas (Akk.) aufregen
how are things? — wie geht's [dir]?
as things stand [with me] — so wie die Dinge [bei mir] liegen
it's just one of those things — (coll.) so was kommt schon mal vor (ugs.)
8) (individual, creature) Ding, dasshe is in hospital, poor thing — sie ist im Krankenhaus, das arme Ding
you spiteful thing! — du [gemeines] Biest!
9) in pl. (personal belongings, outer clothing) Sachen10) in pl. (matters)an expert/authority on things historical — ein Fachmann/eine Autorität in geschichtlichen Fragen
11) (product of work) Sache, diedo one's own thing — (coll.) sich selbst verwirklichen
13) (coll.): (something remarkable)now there's a thing! — das ist ja ein Ding! (ugs.)
14)the thing — (what is proper or needed or important) das Richtige
blue jeans are the thing among teenagers — Bluejeans sind der Hit (ugs.) unter den Teenagern
but the thing is, will she come in fact? — aber die Frage ist, wird sie auch tatsächlich kommen?
* * *n.Ding -e n.Sache -n f.
См. также в других словарях:
Outside Man — may refer to: The Outside Man, a 1972 French film Outside Man (CSI: NY), an episode of CSI: NY This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link … Wikipedia
The Outside Man — is a 1972 French thriller film directed by Jacques Deray and starring Jean Louis Trintignant, Ann Margaret, Roy Scheider and Angie Dickinson. [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0070083/] References … Wikipedia
Man o' War Boulevard — Location: Lexington, Kentucky A foggy morning on Man o War Boulevard Man o War Boulevard, named af … Wikipedia
outside — n. /owt suyd , suyd /; adj. /owt suyd , owt /; adv. /owt suyd /; prep. /owt suyd , owt suyd /, n. 1. the outer side, surface, or part; exterior: The outside of the house needs painting. 2. the external aspect or appearance. 3. the space without… … Universalium
outside — out•side n. [[t]ˈaʊtˈsaɪd, ˌsaɪd[/t]] adj. [[t]ˌaʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊt [/t]] adv. [[t]ˌaʊtˈsaɪd[/t]] prep. [[t]ˌaʊtˈsaɪd, ˈaʊtˌsaɪd[/t]] n. 1) the outer side, surface, or part; exterior 2) the external aspect or appearance 3) the space beyond an… … From formal English to slang
Outside Summer Festivals Tour — Постер московского концерта Японский, Европейский тур Дэвида Боуи Места проведения … Википедия
Outside Tour — Tour by David Bowie Associated album 1. Outside Start date 14 September 1995 End date 20 February 1996 Legs 2 … Wikipedia
Outside Summer Festivals Tour — Tour by David Bowie Start date 4 June 1996 End date 21 July 1996 Legs 3 Shows 27 … Wikipedia
Outside Tour — Постер шоу в Дортмунде Американский, Европейский тур Дэвида Боуи … Википедия
Outside the Dream Syndicate — Studio album by Tony Conrad and Faust Rele … Wikipedia
Outside (David Bowie album) — Outside Studio album by David Bowie Released 26 September 1995 … Wikipedia