-
101 κήρ
κήρ, κηρόςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `death, doom', often personified `goddess or demon of death' (Il.), in plur. `types of death, accidents'; see Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 222ff., v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 271ff.Compounds: Compp. z. B. κηρεσσι-φόρητος `by the Keres driven (into death)' (Q 527; Schwyzer 446, Pfister Würzb. Jb. 3, 406f.), κηρι-τρεφεῖς `brought up for death' ( ἄνθρωποι, Hes. Op. 418), κηρο-τρόφος `feeding death, deadly' ( ὄφις, Nic. Th. 192); ἐπί-κηρος `fallen to death' (Hp., Arist., hell.); also ἀ-κήρ-ατος with ἀκηράσιος and ἀ-κήρ-ιος `unharmed', s. 1. ἀκήρατος and Sommer Nominalkomp. 152.Derivatives: κηρέσιον ὀλέθριον, νοσηρόν H. (after θεσπέσιος); κηραίνω `damage, destroy' (A. Supp. 999, Ph.; after πημαίνω), κηρόομαι `be injured' (EM).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: A root noun, which has been derived from κεραΐζω; Sanskrit and Celtic have a root aorist (s. on κεραΐζω); so κήρ would prop. be an agent noun "the destroyer". The disyll. root however, is a problem: we would expect *κηρας (cf. γῆρας \< *ǵērh₂-s). Problematic is further the long vowel α in Alc. ( κᾶρι B 6 A 7) and Alcm. ( κᾶρα Fr. 56; trad. κάραν), PGr. *κά̄ρ (cf. κάρ θάνατος H.). Also καριῶσαι ἀποκτεῖναι and ἐκαρίωσας ἀπέκτεινας H. have α which will have been long (there is no evidence for short α. Then we have the old Attic saying θύραζε Κᾶρες, οὑκ ἔτ' Άνθεστήρια. That Κᾶρες meant `Carians', i.e. `slaves' is clearly an aetological story invented to explain the α. See also Brunel PPh. 41 (1967) 81-104.) Opposed to κᾶρι, κᾶρα in Alc. and Alcm. stand κῆρες and κήρ both in Pi. Fr. 277 and in the choral songs of the tragedy. The suggestion of an ablauting paradigm κήρ, *κᾰρός (not retained in ἐν καρὸς αἴσῃ, s. καρός) with a secondary nom. *κά̄ρ (Ehrlich Sprachgesch. 9f.) cannot be maintained. The conclusion is that the long α is original; the η is simply the IA development of the long α (which was spread over a larger area). The word, then, is Pre-Greek, as may be expected for such an archaic idea: there is no IE root *kār-. Beekes, xxx, 200x, ppp - ppp. Lee Glotta 39 (1961) 191-207 and Ramat Arch. glottol. it. 50 (1965) 137ff. derive the word from κείρω, which is hardly probable.Page in Frisk: 1,842-843Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κήρ
-
102 κηρός (1)
κήρ, κηρόςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `death, doom', often personified `goddess or demon of death' (Il.), in plur. `types of death, accidents'; see Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 222ff., v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 271ff.Compounds: Compp. z. B. κηρεσσι-φόρητος `by the Keres driven (into death)' (Q 527; Schwyzer 446, Pfister Würzb. Jb. 3, 406f.), κηρι-τρεφεῖς `brought up for death' ( ἄνθρωποι, Hes. Op. 418), κηρο-τρόφος `feeding death, deadly' ( ὄφις, Nic. Th. 192); ἐπί-κηρος `fallen to death' (Hp., Arist., hell.); also ἀ-κήρ-ατος with ἀκηράσιος and ἀ-κήρ-ιος `unharmed', s. 1. ἀκήρατος and Sommer Nominalkomp. 152.Derivatives: κηρέσιον ὀλέθριον, νοσηρόν H. (after θεσπέσιος); κηραίνω `damage, destroy' (A. Supp. 999, Ph.; after πημαίνω), κηρόομαι `be injured' (EM).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: A root noun, which has been derived from κεραΐζω; Sanskrit and Celtic have a root aorist (s. on κεραΐζω); so κήρ would prop. be an agent noun "the destroyer". The disyll. root however, is a problem: we would expect *κηρας (cf. γῆρας \< *ǵērh₂-s). Problematic is further the long vowel α in Alc. ( κᾶρι B 6 A 7) and Alcm. ( κᾶρα Fr. 56; trad. κάραν), PGr. *κά̄ρ (cf. κάρ θάνατος H.). Also καριῶσαι ἀποκτεῖναι and ἐκαρίωσας ἀπέκτεινας H. have α which will have been long (there is no evidence for short α. Then we have the old Attic saying θύραζε Κᾶρες, οὑκ ἔτ' Άνθεστήρια. That Κᾶρες meant `Carians', i.e. `slaves' is clearly an aetological story invented to explain the α. See also Brunel PPh. 41 (1967) 81-104.) Opposed to κᾶρι, κᾶρα in Alc. and Alcm. stand κῆρες and κήρ both in Pi. Fr. 277 and in the choral songs of the tragedy. The suggestion of an ablauting paradigm κήρ, *κᾰρός (not retained in ἐν καρὸς αἴσῃ, s. καρός) with a secondary nom. *κά̄ρ (Ehrlich Sprachgesch. 9f.) cannot be maintained. The conclusion is that the long α is original; the η is simply the IA development of the long α (which was spread over a larger area). The word, then, is Pre-Greek, as may be expected for such an archaic idea: there is no IE root *kār-. Beekes, xxx, 200x, ppp - ppp. Lee Glotta 39 (1961) 191-207 and Ramat Arch. glottol. it. 50 (1965) 137ff. derive the word from κείρω, which is hardly probable.Page in Frisk: 1,842-843Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κηρός (1)
-
103 κῆτος
κῆτος, - εοςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `big sea-animal, sea-monster' (Il.), `whale' (Arist.); also name of a constellation (Arat.; Scherer Gestirnnamen 187).Compounds: Compp., e. g. κητό-δορπος ( συμφορά) `giving the κητεα their evening-meal' (Lyc.); μεγα-κήτης `with big κήτεα' (Hom.), adjunct of πόντος, also of δελφίς = `(being) a big κῆτος', from there of ναῦς (cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 184f.), βαθυ-κήτης ( πόντος) `having κήτεα in the deep' (Thgn. 175), πολυ-κήτης `with many κήτεα' (Theoc. 17, 98).Derivatives: κήτειος `belonging to the κῆτος' (Mosch., Nonn.), κητώδης `belonging to the whale (species)' (Arist.); κητεία f. `catching of κήτεα (tunnies)' (Str., Ath., Ael.; after ἁλιεία); κήτημα `salted tunnies' (Diph. Siph. ap. Ath. 3, 121b; uncertain), κητήνη πλοῖον μέγα ὡς κῆτος H. (after ἀπήνη?; cf. also Chantraine Étrennes Benveniste 9); κητόομαι `become a κῆτος' (Ael.). See κητώεσσαν.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unexplained. Wrong IE. etymologies noted in Bq and WP. 1, 384 (s. also Bechtel Lex. s. v.). Prob. a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 1,845-846Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κῆτος
-
104 κιθάρα
Grammatical information: f.Other forms: Ion. - ρηCompounds: Compp., e. g. κιθαρο-αοιδός (Com.), usually contracted κιθαρῳδός (IA.) `lyre-singer' with κιθαρῳδέω etc., ἀ-κίθαρις `withou l.' (A.).Derivatives: κίθαρος m. 1. `thorax' (Hp. Loc. Hom.; after the form); 2. name of a flatfish (Com., Arist.; after the form) with κιθάριον (Ptol. Euerg.); also κιθαρῳδός name of a fish in the Red Sea (Ael.; after the painting of the colours; Thompson Fishes s. v., Strömberg Fischnamen 38). - Denomin. verb κιθαρίζω `play the lyre', also of string-instruments in gen. and of the accompanying songs (Il.; Schwyzer 736; on the meaning E. Diehl RhM N. F. 89, 96f.) with several derivv.: κιθαριστύς f. (Il.), κιθάρισις (Pl.), - ισμός (Call.) `playing the l., the art of...'; attempt at semantic differentiation in Benveniste Noms d'agent 69, s. also Porzig Satzinhalte 181; κιθάρισμα `piece of music for the l.' (Pl.); κιθαριστής `l.-player etc.' (h. Hom. 25, 3, Hes.) with - ίστρια (Arist.), also - ιστρίς (Nic. Dam.), - ιστικός (Pl.), - ιστήριος (hell.) `belonging to the playing of...'.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Pre-Greek. Wrong explanations from IE. and Semit. in Bq.Page in Frisk: 1,850-851Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κιθάρα
-
105 κίναιδος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `lewd man, catamite' (Pl., Herod.),Compounds: In compp., e. g. κιναιδο-λογέω (Str.); name of a sea-fish (Plin.), a bird (= κιναίδιον, Gal.).Derivatives: κιναίδιον (- ιος) name of the ἴυγξ (H., Phot.), the wagtail (sch.) etc., κιναιδίας m. `stone, found in the fish κίναιδος' (Plin.), - ία `lewdness' (Aeschin.), - ώδης `like a κ.' (sch.); κιναιδίζω `be a κ.' (Antioch. Astr.) with κιναίδισμα (Eust.), also - δεύομαι (sch.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Unexplained. Acc. to Archigenes (ap. Gal. 12, 800) Syrian. Prob. Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,854Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κίναιδος
-
106 κιρρός
Grammatical information: adj.Compounds: Compp.: ὑπό- (Hp., Dsc., Gal.), ἔγ-κιρρος (Dsc.; Strömberg Prefix Studies 127), κιρρο-ειδής (Apollod. Myth.).Derivatives: κιρρώδης (Hippiatr.). κιρρίς f. `a sea-fish (Opp.); cf. κηρίς s. κηρός ( κιρρά [for κίρρα?] H.); also = εἶδος ἱέρακος (EM 515, 15); cf. κεῖρις ὄρνεον, ἱέραξ, οἱ δε ἁλκυόνα H., from which Lat. cīris `sea-bird', s. W.-Hofmann s. v.; also κίρις... ὄρνεον H.;Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Quite uncertain hypotheses in v. Blumenthal Hesychst. 40f. - On the geminata - ρρ- cf. πυρρός (or expressive?). Unexplained. The comparison with Lith. šir̃mas, šir̃vas `(blew)grey' (Prellwitz, Frisk IF 49, 99) is problematic as regards the vowels, as Lith. -ir̃- is prob. zero grade (Pok. 573f.). Acc. to others to Slav., e. g. R.-CSl. sěrь `grey', MIr. cīar `dark' etc. (Pok. 540f.); diff. on the Slav. words Vasmer Wb. s. séruj.Page in Frisk: 1,857Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κιρρός
-
107 κλάδος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `branch, twig, sprout' (IA., Arist., Thphr.), also a few cases of monosyllabic κλαδ- in κλαδ-ί, κλάδ-α, - ας and of an s-stem in κλάδεσι, - έεσσι, - έων (after δένδρεσι etc.?);Compounds: Compp., e. g. ὀλιγό-κλαδος (Thphr.), κλαδο-τομέω (pap.).Derivatives: Diminut. κλάδιον (Lib., pap.) and κλαδίσκος (Gal.); κλαδεών (Orph.), κλαδών (H.) = κλάδος; κλαδώδης `full of branches' (sch., Eust.), κλάδινος = rameus (Gloss.). Denomin. verb κλαδεύω `cut off branches, clip' (Artem.; - έω Arr.) with κλάδευσις (Aq., Sm., Gp.), κλαδεία (Gp.) `cutting off..., clipping', κλαδευτήρια pl. `pruned leaves' (Gloss.), κλαδευτής `pruner' (Gloss.), κλαδευτήριον, - ια `pruning knife, -festival' (H.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: One often connects * kelh₂- `cut off' (but Pok. 545ff. contains much irrelevant material). But this cannot give the Greek form. The connection with the Germ. word for ` Holz, Wald', OIc. OE holt n. etc. is probably wrong. That both forms can be derived from IE. *kl̥do- must be accidental, and there is no root * kel- without laryneal. Kluge-Seebold notes *kl̥h₂d- [there clearly is a misprint]; a Greek pre-form * klǝd- is impossible since the laryngeal theory: it should be *kl̥h₂d- which would have given *κλᾱδος. For the realia one referred to J. Trier, Holz (Münster-Köln 1952) p. 43ff. Mostly connected with κλάω `break off' (s. v.), but with a pre-Greek (i.e. from before hist. Greek) dental enlargement. Independent of κλάδος is the δ-formation of κλαδαρός `invalid' (s. v.); further καλαδία ἑυκάνη (= `plane') H. [LSJ gives ῥυκάνη (`plane-tree'); thus Frisk s.v.; but this lemma does not exist in H.] with diff. ablaut, s.s.v. - Outside Greek one connects Lat. clādēs `damage etc.', but this requires * klh₂d-, which is impossible for Greek ; and Slav., e. g. Russ.-Csl. klada, Russ. kolodá `beam, block, trunk', on whch I have no opinion. Kuiper GS Kretschmer 121f connected with κλάδος κλών, κλῶναξ, with nasalization (replacement of a stop by the nasal of that series) of the δ; cf. κλῶναξ κλάδος H. Further Pok. 546f..Page in Frisk: 1,864-865Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλάδος
-
108 κλείς
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `bar, bolt' (sec. `rowing bench', Leumann Hom. Wörter 209), ` hook, key, collar bone' (Il.).Other forms: κλειδός, κλεῖν (late κλεῖδα), older κλῄς, κλῃδός, κλῃ̃δα (on the notation Schwyzer 201f.), ep. Ion. κληΐς, - ῖδος, - ῖδα, Dor. κλᾱΐς, - ῖδος beside - ίδος (Simon., Pi.; Aeol.?, cf. Schwyzer 465), besides κλᾳξ (Theoc.), κλαικος, - κα (Epid., Mess.)Dialectal forms: Myc.. karawiporo = κλαϜι-φόροςCompounds: Compp., e. g. κλειδ-οῦχος ( κλῃδ-) m. f. `key-holder' (inscr.), κατα-κλείς, - κληΐς `lock, case, quiver' (Att.; from κατα-κλείω);Derivatives: Diminut. κλειδίον (Ar., Arist.); κλειδᾶς m. `lock-smith' (pap., inscr., Empire); late denomin. κλειδόω (Smyrna, pap.) with κλείδωσις (sch.), - ωμα (Suid.). - Old denomin. κλείω, Oldatt. κλῄω, Ion. κληΐω (Hdt.), late κλῄζω ( Hymn. Is., AP), Theoc. κλᾳζω, aor. ep. Ion. κληϊ̃σαι, κληΐσσαι (Od.), Oldatt. κλῃ̃σαι, Att. κλεῖσαι, pass. κληϊσθῆναι, κλῃσθῆναι, κλεισθῆναι (Ion. resp. Att.), κλᾳσθῆναι (Theoc.), fut. κλῄσω (Th.), κλείσω, perf. κέκλῃκα (Ar.), κέκλεικα (hell.), midd. κέκλῃμαι (-ήϊμαι), κέκλειμαι, Dor. κέκλᾳνται (Epich.); after it Dor. aor. ( κλαΐξαι) κλᾳ̃ξαι, pass. κλαιχθείς, fut. κλᾳξῶ (Theoc., Rhod.), backformed present ποτι-κλᾳγω (Heracl.), often with prefix, esp. ἀπο-, κατα-, συν-, `shut, block'. From there κλήϊθρον, κλῃ̃θρον, κλεῖθρον, κλᾳ̃θρον `lock, block' (IA. h. Merc. 146, Dor.) with κλειθρίον (Hero), κλειθρία `key-hole' (Luc.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 54), κλάϊστρον (Pi.), κλεῖστρον (Luc.) `lock', κλῃ̃σις, κλεῖσις (Th., Aen. Tact.), κλεῖσμα, κλεισμός (hell.; also ἀπόκλῃσις etc. from ἀπο-κλείω etc.); verbal adj. κληϊστός, κλῃστός, κλειστός (ep. IA.), κλαικτός ( κλᾳκτός) `what can be locked' (Argiv., Mess.). - On κλεισίον s. κλίνω.Etymology: Ion. Att. κλη(Ϝ)ῑ-δ- and Dor. κλᾱ(Ϝ)ῑ-κ- are dental- resp. velar enlargements of an ῑ-stem, which can still be seen in κληΐω. (Diff. Debrunner Mus. Helv. 3, 45ff.: κληΐω backformation from κληι̃̈̈ (δ)-σαι, from κληϊ̄δ-, cf. κληϊσ-τός). Att. κλεῖν can be easily explained (with Debrunner l. c.; also Schulze Kl. Schr. 419) as analogical to κλείς ( ναῦς: ναῦν a. o.). The ῑ-stem is based on a noun *κλᾱϜ(-ο)- like e. g. κνημί̄-δ- on κνήμη, χειρί̄-δ- on χείρ (Schwyzer 465, Chantraine Formation 346f.). - An exact agreement of the basic word can be found in Lat. clāvus `nail, pin', beside which, with the same meaning as the derived κληΐς, clāvis `key, block'; because of the semantic identity a loan from Greek has been considered, cf. Ernout-Meillet s. v. and (rejecting) W.-Hofmann 1, 230. (But clātrī pl. `lattice-work' from pl. Dor. κλᾳ̃θρα). Further there is a Celtic word, e. g. OIr. clō, pl. clōi `nail' (Lat. LW [loanword]?). Slavic has a few words with an eu-diphthong, IE. *klē̆u-, e. g. OCS a. Russ. ključь `key', SCr. kljȕka `hook, ey, clamp'. - The original meaning of the word was prob. `nail, pin, hook', instruments, of old use for locking doors. - More forms in Pok. 604f., W.-Hofmann s. claudō, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kliū́ti.Page in Frisk: 1,867-868Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλείς
-
109 κλέος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `fame, renown' (Il.).Other forms: Phoc. κλέϜοςCompounds: Compp., esp. in PN, e. g. Κλεο-μένης (shortname Κλέομ(μ)ις) with tansit in the o-stems, beside Κλει-σθένης (from *ΚλεϜεσ- or *ΚλεϜι-σθένης), Τιμο-κλέϜης (Cypr.) etc.; s. Fick-Bechtel Personennamen 162ff., Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 238ff.; on Thess. etc. - κλέας for - κλέης Kretschmer Glotta 26, 37.Derivatives: Adjective κλεινός, Aeol. κλέεννος (\< *κλεϜεσ-νός) `famous' (Sol., Pi.) with Κλεινίας a. o. - Enlargement after the nouns in -( η)δών (cf. Schwyzer 529f., Chantraine Formation 361): κλεηδών, - όνος f. (Od.), κληηδών (δ 312; metr. lengthening), κληδών (Hdt., trag.; contraction resp. adaptation to κλῄζω, κικλήσκω; s. below) `fame, (divine) pronouncement'; from it κληδόνιος (sch., Eust.), κληδονίζομαι, - ίζω (LXX) with - ισμα, - ισμός. - Denomin. verb: 1. κλείω (Il.), κλέω (B., trag. in lyr.) `celebrate, praise, proclaim', hell. also `call' (after κλῄζω, s. below), κλέομαι `enjoy fame, be celebrated' (Ω 202), hell. also `be called'; basis *κλεϜεσ-ι̯ω \> *κλε(Ϝ)έω, from where κλείω, κλέω; s. Wackernagel BphW 1891 Sp. 9; see Frisk GHÅ 56: 3 (1950) 3ff., where the possibility is discussed that κλέω (from where κλείω with metr. lengthening) is a backformation of κλέος after ψεύδω: ψεῦδος (thus Risch par. 31 a). Diff. e. g. Schulze Q. 281: κλείω denomin. from *κλεϜεσ-ι̯ω, but κλέω, κλέομαι old primary formation; diff. again Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 346 w. n. 3: κλέω primary, from where with metrical lengthening κλείω; further s. Frisk l. c. - From κλείω, κλέω as agent noun Κλειώ, Κλεώ, - οῦς f. "the one who gives fame", name of one of the Muses (Hdt., Pi.). - 2. κλεΐζω (Pi.; εὑκλεΐζω from εὑκλεής also Sapph., Tyrt.), κληΐζω (Hp., hell.), κλῄζω (Ar.), aor. κλεΐξαι resp. κληΐσαι, κλῃ̃σαι, κλεῖσαι, fut. κλεΐξω, κληΐσω, κλῄσω etc., `celebrate, praise, proclaim', also `call' (after κικλήσκω, καλέω; from there also the notation κλη-); basis *κλεϜεσ-ίζω; diff. e. g. Schulze Q. 282ff., s. Bq s. κλείω and Schwyzer 735 n. 7; cf. also Fraenkel Glotta 4, 36ff.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [606] *ḱleuos `fame'Etymology: Old verbal noun of a word for `hear', found in several languages: Skt. śrávas- n. `fame' ( κλέος ἄφθιτον: ákṣiti śrávaḥ), Av. sravah- n. `word', OCS slovo n. `word', also OIr. clū and Toch. A klyw, B kälywe `fame', and also Illyr. PN Ves-cleves (= Skt. vásu-śravas- `having good fame'; cf. Εὑ-κλῆς). The denomin. κλε(ί)ω \< *κλεϜεσ-ι̯ω also agrees to Skt. śravasyáti `praise', which therefore can be pre-Greek. Further s. κλύω. - On κλέος s. Steinkopf and Greindl s. εὔχομαι, and Greindl RhM 89, 217ff.Page in Frisk: 1,869-870Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλέος
-
110 κλῆρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `lot, allotment, inheritance, piece of ground' (Il.), `(Christian) clergy' (Just.).Other forms: Dor. κλᾶροςCompounds: Compp., e. g. κληρο-, κλᾱρο-νόμος `heir' with - νομέω, - νομία, - νομικός a. o. (IA, Dor.); ἄ-κληρος `without lot, without inheritance, poor' (λ 490); but ναύ-κληρος, -κλᾱρος from ναύ-κρᾱρος (s. v.); after this also ὁλό-κληρος `complete' (IA.) from *ὁλό-κρᾱρος? (Debrunner Phil. 95, 174ff.); against this with good grounds W. den Boer Mnemos. 3: 13, 143f.Derivatives: Diminut. κληρίον (AP, pap.), Dor. κλᾱρίον `notes for debt' (Plu. Agis 13); adj. κληρικός `belonging to a\/the κλ.' (Vett. Val.); denomin. verb κληρόω, κλᾱρόω `cast lots, choose by lot', midd. `have allotted one, obtain by lot' (IA., Dor.) with κλήρωσις `choosing by lot', κληρωτήριον `urn for casting lots, room for voting', κληρωτός `who can\/is chosen by lot' (IA.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Prop. "sherd of stone, piece of wood" (used as lot). Identical with a Celtic word for `table': OIr. clār, Welsh claur, and as expression of the cartwright Bret. kleur `pitch-fork of a wagon'; the Celtic words seem only very remotely cognate if at all (a `table' is hardly a piece broken off). Connected with κλάω `break off' with the same ablaut as in κλῆ-μα, κλᾶ-μα, Lat. clā-d-ēs. Further s. κλάω, but see my doubts there.Page in Frisk: 1,872-873Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλῆρος
-
111 κλόνος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `excitement, excited throng, turmoil, t. of battle' (Il.; on the meaning Trümpy Fachausdrücke 157f.);Compounds: rarely in compp., e. g. ἄ-κλονος `without excitment, quiet' (Gal., of the pulse).Derivatives: Denomin. κλονέω (mostly present), also with prefix as ὑπο-, συν-, ἐπι-, `excite, urge', pass. `be pressed, get in excitement' (Il.) with κλόνησις `Excitement' (Hp.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Mostly derived from κέλομαι, so κλ-όνος, with the same formation as in θρ-όνος (s. v. and Schwyzer 490). I doubt this explanation: words in - ονος are rare, and the analysis of θρόνος is also uncertain. Rather a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 1,876Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλόνος
-
112 κνήμη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `part between knee and ankle, leg, shank' (Il.), `tibia' (Gal., Ruf.), metaph. `stem between two joints' (Thphr.; Strömberg Theophrastea 48), `spoke of a wheel' (Hom. etc. in compp., Poll., Eust.).Other forms: Dor. κνά̄μᾱCompounds: As 2. member e. g. in ὀκτά-κνημος `with eight spokes' (Il.), παχύ-κνημος `with thick shanks' (Ar.). Substantivized hypostasis: ἀντικνήμ-ιον n. `what is over against the shank', i. e. `tibia' (IA.).Derivatives: κνημίς, - ῖδος f. (Il.), Aeol. κνᾶμις, pl. κνάμῐδες (Alc.), `greave' (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 19f.) with κνημίδια pl. (Att. inscr.; meaning uncertain); κνημία f. `spoke' (Lys.), pl. `τὰ τῆς ἁμάξης περιθέματα' (H.) etc. (s. Scheller Oxytonierung 53f.); κνημ-(ι)αῖος `belonging to the shank' (Hp., Gal.; on the formation Chantraine Formation 49).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [613] *k(o)nh₂m-ā `bone, tibia, shank'Etymology: On κνημός s. v. With κνά̄μᾱ agrees except for the stem OIr. cnāim `leg, bone' (i-st.); both can go back on IE. * knām-. Close is a Germ. word for `(back-)thigh-bone, back of the knee', OHG hamma, OE hamm, OWNo. hǫm. As - mm- can be assimilated from - nm-, for hamma an IE. basis * konǝm-ā is possible, which differs from κνάμα, cnāim only in ablaut; s. Schwyzer 361, Pok. 613f.Page in Frisk: 1,883Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κνήμη
-
113 κνῖσα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `steam and odour of fat, smell and savour of burnt sacrifice, fat caul' (Il., Arist., hell.).Compounds: Compp., e. g. πολύ-κνισος `with rich smell of the sacrifice' (A. R.).Derivatives: κνισήεις (κ 10, Pi.), κνισωτός (A. Ch. 485), κνισηρός (Achae. 7) `smelling of fat', κνισώδης `id, fett' (Arist., Gal.), κνισαλέος (H.), κνισός (Ath. 3, 115e; = κνισήεις. Denomin. verbs: κνισάω `fill with the smell...' (E., Ar.), κνισόομαι, - όω `be changed into the smell..., give the smell...' (Arist., Ph.).Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably], PGX [probably a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Lat. nīdor m. `smell of roasted meat, vapour, smoke', which can come from * cnīdōs, makes for κνίση, from where secondarily κνῖσα (Solmsen Wortforschung 238), an s-stem based *κνῑδσ-ᾱ possible, from IE. * knīdos- n.; cf. on ἕρση. Close is OWNo. hniss n. `strong smell, bad taste in eating', IE. *knĭd-to-. As this without doubt belongs to hnītan `push against' (cf. Goth. stigqan `push' = OHG stincan `stink'), one assumes also for nīdor and κνῖσα a comparable origin, i.e. connection with κνίζω. As for κνί̄δη we have however for κνῖσα and nīdor to start from a longvovalic form. - From Celtic perh. here Ir. a. Welsh cnes `skin' (IE. *knĭd-tā; cf. OWNo. hniss; on the meaning Vendryes WuS 12, 243). - See Bq, Bechtel Lex. s. κνίση, W.-Hofmann s. nidor; s. also on - κναίω. - The long vowel is quite problematic for IE; is the word rather Pre-Greek?Page in Frisk: 1,885Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κνῖσα
-
114 κόγχη
Grammatical information: f.,Meaning: `mussel, cockle', also as measure and metaph. of several shell-like objects, `hollow of the ear, knee-cap, brain-pan, case round a seal, knob of a shield etc.' (Emp., Epich., Sophr., IA.).Other forms: also κόγχος m. (f.)Compounds: Some compp., e. g. κογχο-θήρᾱς m. `mussel-fisher' (Epich.).Derivatives: 1. Diminut. κογχίον (Antiph., Str.), κογχάριον (Str., Aret.). 2. κογχωτός `provided with a knob' (pap. IIIa). 3. κογχίτης ( λίθος) `shelly marble' (Paus.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 55). 4. κογχαλίζειν πεποίηται ἀπὸ τοῦ ἤχου τῶν κόγχων H. (poss. after κροταλ-ίζειν: κρότ-αλα: κρότος); 5. as backformation κόγξ interjection, of the sound of the sherd falling in the voting urn etc. (H.); cf. v. Wilamowitz Glaube 2, 482. 6. also κογχίζω `paint purple-read' with κογχιστής `painter' and κογχιστική `trade of purple-dueing' ( PGrenf. 2, 87); for *κογχυλίζω etc. (cf. on 7.). - Note 7. κογχύ̄λιον n. `mussel, animal and shell', also `purple-snail' (Epich., Sophr., Hdt., Hp., Arist.), from κογχύλη (only as v. l. Ph. 1, 536 and AP 9, 214); from κογχύλιον: κογχυλίας (Ar.) and κογχυλιάτης (X., Philostr.) = κογχίτης ( λίθος; Redard 56); κογχυλιώδης `κ.-like' (Str.), κογχύλιος `purple-coloured' (pap.), κογχυλιατός, - ιωτός `pointed with purple' (pap., Gloss.); also κογχυλεύς (for *κογχυλιεύς or from κογχύλη?) `purple-worker' (Korykos) with κογχυλευτής `purple-snail-fisher' and κογχυλευτική `trade of...' (Just.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: With κόγχος one compares Skt. śaṅkhá- m. `mussel'. From κόγχη, κογχύλιον, κογχίτης Lat. concha, conchȳlium, conchīta; from κόγχη, κόγχος as measure also Lat. congius name of a measure (ending after modius); the -g- is unexplained. Schwyzer KZ 57, 262 n.); cf. Sturtevant Lang. 17, 4. - The word is clearly cognate with κόχλος, which shows that the forms are Pre-Greek (Fur. 131 etc.); this is confirmed by κοκάλια (- κκ-), κωκάλια (Fur. 131). If the comparison with Sanskrit is correct, the word may be a common loanword (Fur. 278).See also: Vgl. κόχλος.Page in Frisk: 1,889-890Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόγχη
-
115 κοινός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `common, public, usual, impartial', τὸ κοινόν `the community, common good, public, leading authority, league' (IA., Hes.; Hom. has ξυνός);Compounds: several compp.Derivatives: 1. *κοινά̄ων (Schwyzer 521, Chantraine Formation 163) \> Dor. Arc. κοινάν, - ᾶνος m. (Pi., Lokris, Tegea), Att. κοινεών, - ῶνος m. (E. HF 149, 340), κοινών, - ῶνος m. (X. Cyr.; nach κοινωνέω etc.) `fellow-traveller, companion'; from there Dor. κοινανέω (Dor. treaty ap. Th. 5, 79, 1; Argos, Delphi), Att. κοινωνέω (for *κοινεωνέω) `be participater, participate' with κοινανία (Pi.), Att. κοινωνία `community, share' and κοινωνός `companion etc.' (prob. backformation; Leumann Hom. Wörter 224 n., Mom. 3); from there κοινανικός (Archyt.), κοινωνικός (Att.) `common, social'; κοινωνιμαῖος `regarding the community' (pap.; Chantraine Formation 49, Mél. Maspéro 2, 220); from κοινωνέω also κοινώνημα (Pl., Arist.). - Further nominal derivv.: 2. κοινότης f. `community, affability' (Att., hell.); 3. κοινεῖον `public hall, community etc.' (inscr.); 4. κοινάριον dimin. of κοινόν (written cynarium, CIL 13, 10021, 199). - Denomin. verb κοινόω, - όομαι `makre communal, share', also `make communal, profanate', midd. `act as member of a community, participate, ask for advice' (IA; Pi. aor. κοινᾶσαι) with κοίνωμα, - μάτιον `joint, band' (Ph. Bel.), κοίνωσις `intercourse' (Plu.).Etymology: If κοινός stands for *κονι̯ός, it agrees (through older *κομι̯ός or to CGr. *κον?, Schwyzer 309) with an Italo-Celtic preposition (prefix), e. g. Lat. cum, com- ( con-), Gaul. com- `with, together with', IE. adverb * kom `together'; here prob. also the prefixes Germ., e. g. Goth. ga-, Alb. kë- `with-'. - Wrong older interpretations in Bq.Page in Frisk: 1,892-893Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κοινός
-
116 κόκκος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: 1. `kernel of fruits, esp. of the pomegranate' (h. Cer., IA.; cf. Strömberg Theophrastea 185); 2. `berry (gall) of the kermes oak, scarlet, the kermes oak' (Thphr., Gal., Dsc.; Michell ClassRev. 69, 246); 3. metaph. `pill' (medic.).Compounds: Compp., e. g. κοκκο-βαφής `painted with scarlet' (Thphr.), καλλί-κοκκος `with beautiful kernes' (Thphr.); κοκκό-δαφνον, δαφνό-κοκκον (medic.) = κόκκος δάφνης, δαφνίς (Strömberg Wortstudien 7).Derivatives: Diminut. κοκκίον, κοκκάριον (medic.); κόκκων, - ωνος m. `kernel of the granate' (Sol., Hp.), `mistletoe-berry' (H.), κόκκαλος m. `kernel of the stone pine' (Hp., Gal.; Chantraine Formation 247); κοκκίδες pl. `scarlet slippers' (Herod.), - ίδα αἴγειρον H.; κόκκινος `scarlet' (Herod., pap., Arr.) with κοκκινίζω `be scharlet' (Sch.), κοκκηρός `made of scarlet' ( Edict. Diocl.; like οἰνηρός, ἐλαιηρός); κοκκίζω `take out the kernel' (A., Ar.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Etymology unknown, prob foreign; note the popular gemination (Chantraine Formation 7). - Alessio Studi etr. 18, 126 (s. also Belardi Doxa 3, 210) reminds of Span. cuesco `note' and considers a Mediterranaean * cosco-, from which κόκκος(? rejected by Fur. 293 n. 4). - Prob. Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,895Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόκκος
-
117 κολεόν
Grammatical information: n.Compounds: Also in compp., e. g. κολεό-πτερος `sheath-winged (of beetles)' (Arist.), σιδηρο-κόλεος `with iron sheath' (pap. IIIa).Derivatives: Denomin. κολεάζοντες ὠθοῦντες εἰς κολεόν, περαίνοντες H. (sens. obsc., thus Ath. Mitt. 59, 66; Syrus Va) with κολεασμός τὸ περαίνεσθαι H. Agreeing with εἰλεός a. o. in ending, κολεόν, - ός may stand for *κολεϜ-όν and be in connection with καλύ-πτω, κέλυ-φος (s. vv.; Bechtel Lex. s. v.). Whether also κόλυθροι pl. `testicle' (Arist.) with Bq belongs here, remains uncertain ( κόλυθρον, - τρον also `with ripe figs' [Ath. 3, 76f.]; cf. also σκόλυθρον). -Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Agreeing with εἰλεός a. o. in ending, κολεόν, - ός may stand for *κολεϜ-όν and be in connection with καλύ-πτω, κέλυ-φος (s. vv.; Bechtel Lex. s. v.). Whether also κόλυθροι pl. `testicle' (Arist.) with Bq belongs here, remains uncertain ( κόλυθρον, - τρον also `with ripe figs' [Ath. 3, 76f.]; cf. also σκόλυθρον). - After Meillet BSL 30, 115 A. 1 κολεόν comes, like Lat. culleus `leather sack' from a Mediterranaean language (with cōleus, culiō `scrotum' as Etruscan forms); cf. W.-Hofmann s. v. So prob. Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,897-898Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κολεόν
-
118 κόμη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `hair' (on the number Schwyzer-Debrunner 43), also of the manes of a horse (Il.), metaph. `foliage', also of `growth' in gen. (Od.), `tail of a comet' (Arist.).Compounds: Compp., e. g. ἱππό-κομος `covered with horse-hair', of a helmet (Il.; aber ἱππο-κόμος to κομέω), κομα-τροφέω (- ο-) `grow ones hair' (Amorgos, Str.).Derivatives: Dimin. κομίσκᾱ (Alcm.) and κόμιον (Arr.). Further κομήτης m. `with (long) hair' (IA.), "hairstar", `comet' (Arist.; Scherer Gestirnnamen 105, 107f.), also plant-name = `τιθύμαλλος, Euphorbia' (Dsk.); κομήεις `with leaves' (Orph.). Denomin. κομάω (Ion. - έω) `have long hair, (show with well kept hair)' (Il.); late with ἀνα-, κατα- a. o.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Not certainly explained. κόμη may be taken as "well cared hair" (as opposed to θρίξ; s. v.) and connected with κομέω `care'; so orig. meaning *`care'. Schwyzer 725 n. 10 considers for κόμη postverbal origin from κομάω, which could be a by-form to κομέω `care'. As however κομάω is always connected with hair and is never used as `care', the assumprion is not very probble. - Diff. Wood ClassPhil. 21, 341f. - Lat. LW [loanword] coma; cf. W.-Hofmann s. v.Page in Frisk: 1,908-909Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόμη
-
119 κόμπος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `noise, clattering when something is struck, loud noise, ostentaion' (Il.).Compounds: Compp., e. g. ὑπέρ-κομπος `extremely noisy, ostentatious' (A., Men.).Derivatives: κομπώδης `ostentatious' (Th., Plu.), κομπός m. `resplendent, vaunting' (E.; on the accent Schwyzer 459), κομπηρός `sounding loudly' (Arist.-comm., sch.). Denomin.: 1. κομπέω `clash' (Μ 151), `strike (against)' (D. L.), usu.. `flaunt (with sthing), boast' (Pi.; on the formation Schwyzer 726 w. n. 5). 2. κομπάζω `flaunt, boast' (B. and A.), `strike (a pot), to try its quality' (pap.) with κομπάσματα pl. (rarely sg.) `boasting' (A.), κομπασμός `ostentation' (Plu.), κομπασία `sounding, striking' (pap.), κομπαστής `parader' (Ph., Plu.) with κομπαστικός (Poll.), κόμπασος (Hdn.), Κομπασεύς `who would belong to the Κόμπος-district' (Ar.). 3. κομπόω (Pass.) `show off' (D. C.).Origin: ONOM [onomatopoia, and other elementary formations]Etymology: No etymology, prob. onomatopoetic; cf. on βόμβος, κόναβος and κόμβα. Wrong IE. interpretations in Bq. Fur. 380 compares κόναβος without the vowel, for which I see no basis.Page in Frisk: 1,909-910Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόμπος
-
120 κομψός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `fine, elegant, spiritual, cunning' (Att.).Compounds: Compp., e. g. περί-κομψος `very fine' (Ar.).Derivatives: κομψότης `nicety, elegance' (Pl.), κομψεύομαι (- εύω) `be spiritual, be smart' (Pl.) with κομψεία (Pl., Luc.), κόμψευμα (Arist., Luc., Gal.) `smart expression, ingeniousness'.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: On κομψός as idea of style s. H. Wersdörfer Die φιλοσοφία des Isokrates im Spiegel ihrer Terminologie (Leipzig 1940) S. 105f., 127f. Since long (Bezzenberger-Fick BB 6, 237) connected with Lith. švánkus `fine, reasonable' (cf. Schwyzer 302). Doubts by Chantraine REGr. 58, 90ff., who wants connection with κομέω, κομμόομαι, morphologically not quite easy (through *κομ-σός). On the suffix s. Stang Symb. Oslo. 23, 46ff. - Hardly IE, so prob. Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,910Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κομψός
Перевод: с греческого на английский
с английского на греческий- С английского на:
- Греческий
- С греческого на:
- Все языки
- Английский
- Немецкий
compp
Страницы