-
21 φαῦλος
φαῦλος, η, ον (Trag., Pre-Socr., Hdt.+; pap, LXX; TestSol 8:9; apolog. exc. Ar.) in Gk lit. ranging in mng. fr. ‘easy, light, simple’ to ‘common, bad’.① pert. to being low-grade or morally substandard, base (Soph., X., Pla. et al.; LXX; EpArist 142; Philo; Jos., Vi. 41, C. Ap. 1, 53; SibOr 3, 362 [w. ἄδικος]. πᾶς φ. ἀνόητός ἐστιν Orig., C. Cels. 3, 74, 3) πρᾶγμα Js 3:16. ἔργον 1 Cl 28:1 (cp. Just., D. 14, 3). οἱ φ. those who are base 36:6, i.e. those who do not reflect in their behavior the high status they could enjoy as pers. destined for ‘deathless knowledge’ (see 36:2; cp. Epict. 4, 1, 3; 5; 4, 5, 8; Philo; Jos., Bell. 2, 163 [opp. οἱ ἀγαθοί]; Just., A I, 16, 3; Iren. 4, 37, 2 [Harv. II 286, 1]. Sing.: Did., Gen. 161, 8). μηδὲν ἔχων λέγειν περὶ ἡμῶν φαῦλον if he has nothing bad to say about us Tit 2:8 (cp. Plut., Mor. 717b οὐ φαύλως εἰπεῖν said of one who does not speak flippantly or without sufficient thought). πράσσειν τι ἀγαθὸν ἢ φαῦλον Ro 9:11 (v.l. κακόν 1b [q.v.]. The contrast ἀγ. and φαῦλ. as Pla., Protag. 326e τῶν ἀγαθῶν πατέρων πολλοὶ υἱεῖς φαῦλοι γίγνονται ‘many sons of respected fathers turn out to be worthless’ noting the contrast between socially responsible parents and irresponsible children; Just. A I, 43, 2; A II, 9, 4; T. Kellis 22, 48; cp. Aeschin., Ctesiphon 174 opp. καλός); (τὰ) φαῦλα πράσσειν (Theoph. Ant. 1, 3 [p. 62, 22]) J 3:20; 5:29 (Just., A I, 44, 5). κομίσασθαι … πρὸς ἃ ἔπραξεν, εἴτε ἀγαθὸν εἴτε φαῦλον 2 Cor 5:10 may refer to the performance of those under judgment: whether one has led a high-grade or a low-grade life, or more prob. (s. κομίζω 3) to be understood as② pert. to being relatively inferior in quality, ordinary in ref. to the kinds of awards that are offered 2 Cor 5:10. Yet, in this colloquially arranged sentence, the idea of the doing of good or bad (s. 1 above) certainly plays a part. (The phrase τὰ φαῦλα, τὰ ἀγαθά X., Symp. 4, 47 is formally but not conceptually sim. for X. thinks of temporal chastisements by deities, whereas Paul of awards intended for believers.)—DELG. M-M. TW. -
22 πλεονεκτέω
A- ήσω Th.4.62
, etc. ( πλέον ἐκτήσεται shd. be read in Pl.La. 192e):—Prose Verb, have or claim more than one's due, mostly in bad sense, to be greedy, grasping, Hdt.8.112, X.Mem.2.6.21, Pl.Grg. 483c, etc.2 also, gain or have some advantage, without any bad sense,δυνάμει τινὶ π. Th.4.62
, cf. 86; opp. ἐλαττοῦσθαι, Arist.Rh. 1360a3;πολὺ ἐπλεονέκτει ὁ Πελοπίδας παρὰ τῷ Πέρσῃ X. HG7.1.34
: abs., Arist.Rh. 1402b25, D.S.12.46;π. ἀπὸ τῶν μὴ καθηκόντων Plb.6.56.2
: freq. with neut. Pron., π. ταῦτα, etc., Th.4.61, etc.3 c. gen. rei, have or claim a larger share of than others,τῶν ὠφελίμων Id.6.39
; τοῦ ἡλίου, τοῦ ψύχους, τῶν πόνων, X.Cyr.1.6.25, cf. Oec.7.26; δόξης, χάριτος, Arist.EN 1136b22, 1137a1.II c. gen. pers., have or gain the advantage over,τῶν ἐχθρῶν Pl.R. 362b
, cf. Hyp.Lyc.8, etc.;παρά τινος X.Cyr.1.6.32
(v.l.);παρ' ἀλλήλων Arist.Pol. 1292b19
; τινι in a thing, X.Cyr.4.3.21, etc.; ; ; also π. τῶν νόμων gain at the expense of the laws, Id.Lg. 691a; τῆς ὑμετέρας π. εὐηθείας take advantage of your simpleness, D.Prooem.24.2 later c. acc. pers., get or have the advantage over, D.H.9.7, Plu.Marc.29, Luc.Am.27: usu. in bad sense, overreach, defraud,πλεονεκτεῖν μηδένα Men.Mon. 259
, cf. 1 Ep.Thess.4.6, 2 Ep.Cor.7.2, D.Chr.17.8, D.C.52.37: in early writers only [voice] Pass. in this sense,ὑπό τινων X.Mem.3.5.2
; πλεονεκτεῖσθαι χιλίαις δραχμαῖς to be defrauded in or of 1, 000 drachmae, D.41.25. In Th.1.77 πλεονεκτεῖσθαι is impers., to be an act of πλεονεξία.3 [voice] Pass., to be surpassed, excelled, τινι Apollod.Poliorc.173.5.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πλεονεκτέω
-
23 ὀξυχολία
ὀξυχολία, ας, ἡ (ὀξύχολος; Cat. Cod. Astr. XII 143, 16; Christian wr.) irritability, bad temper Hm 5, 1, 3; 6f; 5, 2, 1; 4; 10, 2, 3. ἀπέχεσθαι ἀπὸ τῆς ὀξ. 5, 2, 8a; ἀντιστῆναι τῇ ὀξ. resist bad temper 5, 2, 8b. ὀξ. προσπίπτει τινί irritability comes over someone 6, 2, 5. ἐὰν ὀξ. τις προσέλθῃ if bad temper enters in 5, 1, 3. Called a sister of λύπη and of διψυχία 10, 1, 1f. ἡ ὀξ. λυπεῖ τὸ πνεῦμα bad temper makes the Spirit sad 10, 2, 4. Personified among the vices Hs 9, 15, 3.—DELG s.v. χόλο. -
24 τις
A any one, any thing, enclitic through all cases (for exceptions v. infr.):—but τίς; τί; Interrog. Pron. who? what?, oxyt. in the monosyll. cases, parox. in the others:—Dialectal forms: Cypr. σις ( si se) Inscr.Cypr.135.10 H.; Arc. σις (with <*> for ς) IG5(2).262.25 (Mantinea, v B.C.); Thess. κις ib.9(2).515.12 ([place name] Larissa), 1226.4, 1229.27 ([place name] Phalanna), pl. κινες ib.517.41 ([place name] Larissa), neut. κι in διεκί, ποκκί (qq.v.); neut. pl. [dialect] Dor. σά, [dialect] Boeot. τά, [dialect] Aeol. dat. τίω, τίοισι (v. infr. B). (I.-E. q[uglide]i-, cf. Lat. quis, quid, etc.; for σά, τά, v. ἄσσα, σά μάν; with τέο (v. infr. B) cf. OSlav. gen. c<*>eso.)A Indef. Pron. τις, τι, gen. [dialect] Ion. τεο Od.16.305, Hdt.1.58; more freq. τευ Il.2.388, al., Hdt.4.30, al., Meliss.7, etc.; Trag. and [dialect] Att. του A.Pr.21, Ar.Ach. 329, Th.1.70, etc. (sts. fem., S.Aj. 290, OT 1107 (lyr.), E.Hec. 370, etc.); του is rare after 300 B.C., never in LXX or NT, but found in IG12(5).798.17 (Tenos, iii B.C.), PCair.Zen.250.6, 647.23 (iii B.C.), Plb.3.23.3, revived by the Atticists, D.H.8.29, Plu.Fab.20, etc.; τινος Pi.P.2.90, IG12.16.17, 65.41, A.Eu. 5, Ch. 102, S.Ant. 698, al., Hdt.2.109, al. (Rh.Mus.72.483), etc.; dat. [dialect] Ion.τεῳ Il.16.227
, Od.11.502, Hdt.2.48, 5.86; Trag. and [dialect] Att. τῳ (also in Hom., Il.1.299, 12.328, Od.13.308, 20.297, al., always in masc.) A.Th. 1045, IG12.39.54, D.S.18.45; as fem., A.Th. 472, S. OT80, etc.; τινι (Hom. in the formοὔ τινι Il.17.68
, Od.14.96) Pi. O.9.26, al., B.17.12, Hdt.1.114 (elsewh. fem., 2.62, 3.69, 83, 4.113), A.Th. 1041, S.Aj. 443, 495, etc.; acc. τινα Il.1.62, 5.761, etc., neut. τι 2.122, etc.: dual τινε Od.4.26, Pl.Sph. 237d, Prm. 143c, 149e: pl. τινες (Hom. only inοὔ τινες Od.6.279
, 17.587 and οἵτινες (v. ὅστις)); [dialect] Dor. τινεν SIG527.127 (Drerus, iii B.C.); nom. and acc. neut. τινα (ὅτινα Il.22.450
), never in Trag., Ar., Th., or Hdt., f.l. in Isoc.4.74, first in Pl.Chrm. 163d, Ep. 325a, D.47.63, Hyp.Ath.19, Alex.110, Sotad.Com.1.22, Arist.EN 1094a5, IG42(1).121.35 (Epid., iv B.C.), etc.; ἄσσα (q.v.) Od.19.218, never in Trag. or Hdt.; [dialect] Att. ἄττα first in Th.1.113, 2.100, Ar.Ra. 173, al., Pl.R. 400a, etc., never in LXX, Plb., D.S., Str., revived by the Atticists, D.H.Comp.3, etc.; gen. [dialect] Ion. τεων Hdt.2.175, 5.57, τεῶν cj. for γε ῶν in 4.76; τινων not in Hdt., first in Ar.Eq. 977 (lyr.); dat. τισι, τισιν, first in Hdt. 9.113, X.Ath.1.18; N.-W. [dialect] Dor. τινοις GDI1409.5 (Delph., iii B.C.); [dialect] Ion. τεοισι Hdt.8.113, 9.27 (for τεοις and τεον v. τεός); acc. τινας Il.15.735, Od.11.371 (also in οὕστινας, ὅτινας, v. ὅστις), etc.; neut. τινα (v. supr.):—any one, any thing, some one, some thing; and as Adj. any, some, and serving as the Indef. Art. a, an;θεός νύ τίς ἐστι κοτήεις Il.5.191
;καί τις θεὸς ἡγεμόνευεν Od.9.142
; οὐδέ τις αὐτὸν ἠείδη δμώων ib. 205; ἤ τι ὀϊσάμενος, ἢ.. ib. 339; μή τίς μοι ὑποδείσας ἀναδύη ib. 377, cf. 405- 410; εἴ τινά που μετ' ὄεσσι λάβοι ib. 418, cf. 421, al.; τις θεός construed as if τις θεῶν, 19.40, cf. 11.502, IG12.94.19, E.Hel. 1039.II special usages:1 some one (of many), i.e. many a one,ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν Il.7.201
, etc.: sts. with meiosis, implying all or men, 13.638, Od.3.224; so in Prose, Hdt.5.49 fin., Th.2.37, etc.2 any one concerned, every one,εὖ μέν τις δόρυ θηξάσθω Il.2.382
; ἀλλά τις αὐτὸς ἴτω let every man come himself, 17.254; , cf. 16.209, 17.227, al.; so in Trag. and [dialect] Att., even with the imper., τοῦτό τις.. ἴστω S Aj.417 (lyr.), cf. E.Ba. 346, Ar.Av. 1187; ; τοὺς ξυμμάχους αὐτόν τινα κολάζειν that every man should himself chastise his own allies, Th.1.40, cf. 6.77;ὅ τί τις ἐδύνατο Id.7.75
; ἄμεινόν τινος better than any others, D.21.66, cf. 19.35:—this is more fully expressed by adding other pronominal words,τις ἕκαστος Od.9.65
, Th.6.31, etc.; , Hdt.6.80, Th.8.94, etc.;ἅπας τις Hdt.3.113
, etc.;οὐδέν τι μᾶλλον Id.4.118
. In these senses, τις is freq. combined with pl. words, οἱ κακοὶ.. οὐκ ἴσασι, πρίν τις ἐκβάλῃ, for πρὶν ἐκβάλωσι, S.Aj. 965; οἷς ἂν ἐπίω, ἧσσόν τις πρόσεισι, for ἧσσον προσίασι, Th.4.85;ἐτόλμα τις.., ὁρῶντες Id.2.53
, cf. 7.75; esp. after εἴ or ἤν τις, X. Mem.1.2.62, al.3 in reference to a definite person, whom one wishes to avoid naming, οὐκ ἔφασαν ἰέναι, ἐὰν μή τις χρήματα διδῷ (i.e. Cyrus) Id.An.1.4.12, cf. Ar.Ra. 552, Theoc.5.122; so also euphem. for something bad,ἤν τι ποιῶμεν Th.2.74
;ἂν οὗτός τι πάθῃ D.4.11
: hence for the [ per.] 1st or [ per.] 2nd pers. Pron.,ἅ τιν' οὐ πείσεσθαι ὀΐω Il.1.289
, cf. S.Ant. 751; ποῖ τις τρέψεται; for ποῖ τρέψομαι; Ar.Th. 603, cf. S.Aj. 245 (lyr.), 1138, Th.4.59, X.An.3.4.40, 5.7.31, etc.4 indefinitely, where we say they, French on, sts. with an ironical force,φοβεῖταί τις A.Ch.59
(lyr.);μισεῖ τις ἐκεῖνον D.4.8
; as voc., τὸν Πλοῦτον ἔξω τις κάλει call P. out, somebody, Ar.Pl. 1196.5 τις, τι may be opposed, expressly or by implication, to οὐδείς, οὐδέν, and mean somebody, something, by meiosis for some great one, some great thing, ηὔχεις τις εἶναι you boasted that you were somebody, E.El. 939;εἰσὶν ὅμως τινὲς οἱ εὐδοκιμοῦντες Arist.Pol. 1293b13
;τὸ δοκεῖν τιν' εἶναι Men.156
;τὸ δοκεῖν τινὲς εἶναι D.21.213
;ὡς σὲ μὲν ἐν τῇ πόλει δεῖ τινὰ φαίνεσθαι, τὴν πόλιν δ' ἐν τοῖς Ἕλλησι μηδενὸς ἀξίαν εἶναι Id.10.71
; κἠγών τις φαίνομαι ἦμεν after all I too am somebody, Theoc.11.79, cf. Act.Ap.5.36; also in neut., , cf.Phd. 63c, Phdr. 243a, Euthd. 303c, etc.:— so τι λέγειν to be near the mark, opp. οὐδὲν λέγειν, Id.Prt. 339c, R. 329e, Phdr. 260a, etc.;ἵνα καὶ εἰδῶμεν εἴ τι ὅδε λέγει Id.Cra. 407e
;οἴεσθέ τι ποιεῖν, οὐδὲν ποιοῦντες Id.Smp. 173c
.b τις is sts. opp. to another word,ἀελλοπόδων μέν τιν' εὐφραίνοισιν ἵππων τιμαί.., τέρπεται δὲ καί τις.. Pi.Fr. 221
;τισὶ τῶν πολιτῶν ἀποροῦσι συνεξέδωκε θυγατέρας.., τοὺς δ' ἐλύσατο ἐκ τῶν πολεμίων Lys.19.59
;μέρος μέν τι σιδήρου, μέρος δέ τι ὀστράκινον LXX Da.2.33
(more freq. with the Article, v. infr. 10 c); ἔστιν οὖν οὐ πᾶν τὸ ταχύ, ἀλλά τι (sic codd. BT)αὐτοῦ ἀγαστόν Pl.Cra. 412c
;ἀναγκαῖον ἤτοι πᾶσι τοῖς πολίταις ἀποδίδοσθαι πάσας ταύτας τὰς κρίσεις ἢ τισὶ πάσας.. ἢ τινὰς μὲν αὐτῶν πᾶσι τινὰς δὲ τισίν Arist.Pol. 1298a9
, cf. 1277a23; τὸ μεῖζον τοῦθ' ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἑτέρου λέγεται· τινὸς γὰρ λέγεται μεῖζον greater than something, Id.Cat. 6a38;τὸ πρώτως ὂν καὶ οὐ τὶ ὂν ἀλλ' ὂν ἁπλῶς Id.Metaph. 1028a30
; πότερον τῷ τυχόντι ἢ τισίν; Id.Pol. 1269a26.6 with pr. names τις commonly signifies one named so-and-so,ἦν δέ τις ἐν Τρώεσσι Δάρης Il.5.9
, cf. X.An.3.1.4, etc.; with a sense of contempt, Θερσίτης τις ἦν there was one Thersites, S.Ph. 442.b one of the same sort, converting the pr. name into an appellative, ἤ τις Ἀπόλλων ἢ Πάν an Apollo or a Pan, A.Ag.55 (anap.); [πόλιες] ταὶ μέλονται πρός τινος ἢ Διὸς ἢ γλαυκᾶς Ἀθάνας Lyr.in PVat.11v xi7;Σκύλλαν τινά A.Ag. 1233
, cf.Ar.V. 181, Av. 512, Ra. 912: so alsoὥς τις ἥλιος A.Ag. 288
; ἰσθμόν τιν' Ar. Th. 647.7 with Adjs. τις combines to express the idea of a Subst. used as predicate, ὥς τις θαρσαλέος καὶ ἀναιδής ἐσσι προΐκτης a bold and impudent beggar, Od.17.449, cf. 18.382, 20.140, Il.3.220; ἐγώ τις, ὡς ἔοικε, δυσμαθής a dull ard, Pl.R. 358a, cf. Prt. 340e; φόβου πλέα τις εἶ a cow ard, A.Pr. 696, cf. Th. 979(lyr.), Ag. 1140 (lyr.); ὡς ταχεῖά τις.. χάρις διαρρεῖ in what swift fashion ( = ταχέως πως), S.Aj. 1266, cf. OT 618, Hdt.4.198; δεινόν τι ποιεύμενος thinking it a terrible thing, Id.3.155, 5.33.8 with numerals and Adjs. expressing number, size, or the like , εἷς δέ τις ἀρχὸς ἀνὴρ.. ἔστω some one man, Il.1.144;ἕνα τιν' ἂν καθεῖσεν Ar.Ra. 911
;δώσει δέ τι ἕν γε φέρεσθαι Od.15.83
;τινὰ μίαν νύκτα Th.6.61
;προσκαλεσάμενός τινας δύο τῶν ἑκατονταρχῶν Act.Ap.23.23
; sts. the τις softens the definiteness of the numeral, ἑπτά τινες some seven, seven or so, Th.7.34;ἐς διακοσίους τινάς Id.3.111
, cf. 7.87, 8.21; so without an actual numeral, ἡμέρας τινάς some days, i.e. several, Id.3.52; στρατῷ τινι of a certain amount, considerable, Id.8.3; ἐνιαυτόν τινα a year or so, Id.3.68; so οὐ πολλοί τινες, τινὲς οὐ πολλοί, A.Pers. 510, Th. 6.94, etc.; ὀλίγοι τινές orτινὲς ὀλίγοι Id.2.17
, 3.7; οὔ τινα πολλὸν χρόνον no very long time, Hdt.5.48;τις στρατιὰ οὐ πολλή Th.6.61
; so also ὅσσος τις χρυσός what a store of gold, Od.10.45, cf. Hdt. 1.193, 2.18, etc.;κόσοι τινές Id.7.234
;πηλίκαι τινὲς τιμωρίαι Isoc. 20.3
;πολλὸς γάρ τις ἔκειτο Il.7.156
;ἐκ πολλοῦ τευ χρόνου Hdt. 2.58
.9 with Pronominal words, ἀλλά τί μοι τόδε θυμὸς.. μερμηρίζει something, namely this, Od.20.38, cf. 380; οἷός τις what sort of a man, Il.5.638 (dub. l.), cf. Od.9.348, 20.377, Pl.Prt. 313a, etc.;ποῖός τις S.Ant.42
, OC 1163, Hdt.3.34, X.An.7.6.24, etc.;ὁποῖός τις Id.Cyr.2.2.2
, al.;εὐτυχίη τις τοιήδε Hdt.3.139
, cf. X.Mem.1.1.1, etc.;τοιοῦτός τις Id.An.5.8.7
.10 with the Article,a when a noun with the Art. is in appos. with τις, as ὅταν δ' ὁ κύριος παρῇ τις when the person in authority, whoever he be, is here, S.OC 289; τοὺς αὐτοέντας.. τιμωρεῖν τινας (v.l. τινα) Id.OT 107.b in Philosophic writers, τις is added to the Art. to show that the Art. is used to denote a particular individual who is not specified in the general formula, although he would be in the particular case, ὁ τὶς ἄνθρωπος the individual man (whoever he may be), this or that man, opp. ἄνθρωπος (man in general), ὁ τὶς ἵππος, ἡ τὶς γραμματική, Arist.Cat. 1b4, 8; τὸ τὶ μέγεθος, opp. ὅλως τὸ μέγεθος, Id.Pol. 1283a4, cf. S.E.P.2.223; but in , the Art. is used as in Il. cc. s.v. ὁ, ἡ, τό B.1.5
: later ὅ τις (or ὁ τὶς ) much like ὁ δεῖνα, δεῦρο ὅ τις θεός, ὄφθητί μοι in a general formula of invocation, PMag.Par.1.236; αἴρω σε, ἥ τις βοτάνη ib.287; εἰς τήν τινα κρείαν (leg. χρείαν) ib.289.c freq. in opposed clauses,ὁ μέν τις.., ὁ δὲ.. E.Med. 1141
, Hec. 624, Pl.Phd. 99b, etc.;ὁ μέν τις.., ἄλλος δὲ.. E.IT 1407
;ὁ μὲν.., ὁ δέ τις.. X.Cyr.1.4.15
: pl.,οἱ μέν τινες.., οἱ δὲ.. Hdt.1.127
, cf. Th.2.91;οἱ μέν τινες.., οἱ δὲ.., οἱ δέ τινες X.Cyr.3.2.10
, etc.; οἱ μὲν.., οἱ δέ τινες.. ib.6.1.26, etc.: also combined with other alternative words,ὁ μέν τις.., ὁ δέ τις.., ἕτερος δέ τις.. Id.Smp.2.6
; ὁ μὲν.., ἕτερος δέ τις.., ὁ δὲ.. , etc., Ar. Pl. 162 sq.: also in neut.,τὸ μέν τι.., τὸ δέ τι.. Pl.Ep. 358a
;τὸ μέν τι.., τὸ δὲ.. Hdt.3.40
; in adverb. sense, τὸ μὲν.., τὸ δέ τι.. partly.., partly.., Plb.1.73.4; and τι remains unaltered even when the Art. is pl.,τὰ μέν τι μαχόμενοι, τὰ δὲ καὶ ἀναπαυόμενοι X.An.4.1.14
, cf. HG7.1.46; also τὸ δέ τι.. but in some measure.., without τὸ μέν preceding, Th.1.107, cf. 118, 7.48.d later τις is used as in b supr. but without the Art., γράψον.. ὅτι τι καί τι εἴληφας that you have received such and such things, POxy.937.22 (iii A.D.); κληρονόμους καταλείπω τὴν θυγατέρα μού τινα καὶ τὸν σύντροφον αὐτῆς τινα καί τινα ib.1034.2 (ii A.D.); τίς τινι χαίρειν A to B greeting (in a draft letter), ib. 509 (ii A.D.).II the neut. τι is used,a collectively, ἦν τι καὶ ἐν ταῖς Συρακούσαις there was a party.., Th.7.48; so perh. τῶν ἄλλων οὔ πέρ τι πεφυγμένον ἐστ' Ἀφροδίτην, οὔτε θεῶν, οὔτ' ἀνθρώπων no class, h.Ven.34 (but masc. τις in h.Merc. 143).b euphem. for something bad, v. supr. 3.c joined with Verbs, somewhat, in any degree, at all,ἦ ῥά τί μοι κεχολώσεαι Il.5.421
;παρεθάρρυνέ τι αὐτούς X.HG6.4.7
, etc.: with Adjs. or Adverbs, οὕτω δή τι ἰσχυραί, οὕτω δή τι πολύγονον, etc., Hdt.3.12, 108, cf. 4.52; so alsoὀλίγον τι ἧσσον Od.15.365
;οὐδέ τι μᾶλλον Hdt.6.123
, etc.;ἧσσόν τι Th.3.75
, etc.; οὐ πάνυ τι, πολύ τι, σχεδόν τι, v. πάνυ 1.3,πολύς 111.1a
, 2a, σχεδόν IV; also in conjunction withοὐδέν, μηδέν, οὐδέν τι πάντως Hdt.6.3
; οὐδέν, μηδέν τι μᾶλλον, E.Alc. 522, S.Aj. 280;μηδέν τι λίαν E.Andr. 1234
:—also καί τι καὶ.. ὑποψίᾳ in part also from suspicion, Th.1.107;καί πού τι καί Pi.O.1.28
.12 τίς τε freq. in Hom.,ὡς ὅτε τίς τε Il.3.33
, 4.141, v. τε B.13 ἤ τις ἢ οὐδείς few or none, next to none, Hdt.3.140, X.Cyr.7.5.45, D.C.47.5, 48.4; ἤ τι ἢ οὐδέν little or nothing, Pl.Ap. 17b;ἢ οὐδεὶς ἤ τις D.C.41.62
(s. v.l.).b repeated in successive clauses, ; (where however κἄτι πλείους is prob. cj.), cf. E.Or. 1218 (whereas τις is sts. omitted in the first clause, , cf. S.Tr.3): but in E.Andr. 734, ἔστι γάρ τις οὐ πρόσω.. πόλις τις, the repetition is pleonastic, as also in A.Supp.57 sq. (lyr., s. v.l.).15 τις is sts. omitted, οὐδέ κεν ἔνθα τεόν γε μένος καὶ χεῖρας ὄνοιτο (sc. τις) Il.13.287; ὡς δ' ἐν ὀνείρῳ οὐ δύναται (sc. τις)φεύγοντα διώκειν 22.199
, cf. S.OC 1226 (lyr.), Leg.Gort.2.2, X.Smp.5.2, Pl.Grg. 456d: τις must often be supplied from what goes before, ib. 478c, Prt. 319d.b sts. also τις is omitted before a gen. case which must depend upon it, asἢ [τις] τᾶς ἀσώτου Σισυφιδᾶν γενεᾶς S.Aj. 189
(lyr.); ἢν γαμῇ ποτ' αὐτὸς ἢ [τις]τῶν ξυγγενῶν Ar.Nu. 1128
;ἐν τῶν πόλεων IG12.56.14
.--Cf. ὅστις, οὔτις, μήτις, ἄλλο τι.1 accentuation: τις is normally enclitic, but in certain uses is orthotone, i.e. theoretically oxytone (τίς, τινά, τινές, τινῶν, etc., cf. Choerob. in Theod.1.373 H.) and barytone when followed by another word ( τὶς or τις, τινὰ, τινὲς, τινῶν, etc.). According to Sch. D.T.p.240 H. its orthotone accent is τίς (not τὶς) , τίνα, τίνες, etc. The orthotone form is used in codd.:a at the beginning of a sentence, τίς ἔνδον.. ; is any one within? A.Ch. 654 ( τὶς cj. Hermann); τί φημι; = λέγω τι; am I saying anything? S.Tr. 865, OT 1471; <τίς ἦλθε;> ἦλθέ τις has anybody come? Somebody has come, Sch.D.T. l.c.; τὶς κάθηται, τὶς περιπατεῖ, so and so is sitting (walking), S.E.M.8.97; τὶς αἰπόλος καλούμενος Κομάτας Sch.Theoc.7.78;τίς ποτε οἰκοδεσπότης.. ἐκοπία Aesop.
in Gloss. iii p.41; or after a pause,πῶς γὰρ ἄν, ἔφην ἐγώ, ὦ βέλτιστε, τὶς ἀποκρίναιτο Pl.R. 337e
; τι οὖν ([etym.] τὶς ἂν εἴποι) ταῦτα λέγεις; D.1.14 (v.l.);ἔντοσθεν δὲ γυνά, τι θεῶν δαίδαλμα Theoc.1.32
;οὐ γυμνὸν τὸ φίλαμα, τι δ' ὦ ξένε καὶ πλέον ἑξεῖς Mosch.1.5
(v.l. for τὺ).b when τις is opp. to another τις or to some other word,τισὶ μὲν συμφέρει, τισὶ δ' οὐ συμφέρει Arist.Pol. 1284b40
, cf. Th.2.92, Pl.Cri. 49a, D. 9.2;τινὲς μὲν οὖν.., ἡμεῖς δὲ.. Sor.1.1
;τὸ τὶ μὲν ψεῦδος ἔχον, τὶ δὲ ἀληθές S.E.M.8.127
;ἀλλὰ τινὰ μὲν.., τινὰ δὲ.. Gem.14.6
;ποτὲ μὲν πρὸς πάντα, ποτὲ δὲ πρὸς τινά Sor.1.48
: without such opposition, τοῦτ' εἰς ἀνίαν τοὔπος ἔρχεται τινί for a certain person, S.Aj. 1138. Codd. are not consistent; in signf.11.5a, 10c, 13 they make it enclitic; in signf. 11.5b sts. enclitic, sts. orthotone (v. supr.); sts. enclitic and orthotone in the same sentence,πάντα δὲ τὰ γιγνόμενα ὑπό τέ τινος γίγνεται καὶ ἔκ τινος καὶ τί Arist.Metaph. 1032a14
, cf. Pl.Chrm. 165c.2 position:a τις is rarely first word in the sentence, and rarely follows a pause (v. supr. 111.1a, b); it may stand second word,ἔσκε τις ἐνθάδε μάντις ἀνήρ Od.9.508
, cf. Il.8.515, 23.331; but in general its position is not far before or after the word to which it belongs in sense, ; .b in [dialect] Ion. Prose it sts. stands between its genitive and the Article of that genitive,τῶν τις Περσέων Hdt.1.85
;τῶν τις ἱρέων Id.2.38
;τῶν τινες Φοινίκων Id.8.90
;ἐς τῶν τι ἄλλο στομάτων τοῦ Νείλου Id.2.179
; so also in late Prose, Ath.3.108d, Eust.1402.18, 1659.27, 1676.1.c it stands between the Art. and Subst. in signf.11.10b.d τίς τι is the correct order, not τί τις, IG12.110.46, Th.7.10, X.An.4.1.14 (codd. dett.), D.22.22, etc.e whereas in [dialect] Att. the order ἐάν τις is compulsory, in [dialect] Dor. the usual order is αἴ τίς κα, Leg.Gort.9.43, al., Tab.Heracl.1.105, al. (butαἴ κά τις Epich.35
, 159;αἰ δέ κα μή τις Leg.Gort.5.13
): later [dialect] Dor. , al.; καἴ τι ἂν ( = καὶ εἴ τι ἂν) IG5(1).1390.50 (Andania, i B.C., v. infr. B.11.1b):—this [dialect] Dor. order influenced the Koine, as in the rareεἴ τις ἂν Plu.TG15
. -
25 ἔργον
ἔργον, ου, τό (Hom.+) work.① that which displays itself in activity of any kind, deed, actionⓐ in contrast to rest Hb 4:3, 4 (Gen 2:2), 10. In contrast to word: freq. used to describe people of exceptional merit, esp. benefactors (X., Hier. 7, 2, Cyr. 6, 4, 5; Cebes 2, 2 λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ Πυθαγόρειος; Lucian, Tox. 35. Oft. in Epict.; GDI 5039, 20 [Crete] οὔτε λόγῳ οὔτε ἔργῳ; Sir 3:8; 16:12; 4 Macc 5:38; En 14:22 πᾶς λόγος αὐτοῦ ἔργον; TestAbr A 9 p. 86, 26 [Stone p. 20] ἐν παντὶ ἔργῳ καὶ λόγῳ; Philo; Jos., Ant. 17, 220, C. Ap. 2, 12; Larfeld I 497f) δυνατὸς ἐν ἔργῳ καὶ λόγῳ mighty in word and deed Lk 24:19; cp. Ac 7:22; ἐν λόγῳ ἢ ἐν ἔ. in word and deed Col 3:17; cp. Ro 15:18; 2 Cor 10:11; 2 Th 2:17; Tit 1:16a; 1J 3:18; 2 Cl 17:7, also 4:3. A similar contrast betw. the ποιητὴς ἔργου doer who acts and the forgetful hearer Js 1:25, and betw. ἔργα and a πίστις that amounts to nothing more than a verbal statement 2:14–26 (s. JRopes, Exp. 7th ser., 5, 1908, 547–56 and his comm. 1916 ad loc.; HPreisker, ThBl 4, 1925, 16f; ETobac, RHE 22, 1926, 797–805; AMeyer, D. Rätsel des Jk 1930, 86ff; ASchlatter, D. Brief des Jak. ’32, 184–207).ⓑ manifestation, practical proof τὸ ἔ. τῆς πίστεως 1 Th 1:3; 2 Th 1:11. ἔ. διακονίας Eph 4:12. τὸ ἴδιον ἔργον τῆς προσευχῆς AcPl Ha 4, 27. τὸ ἔ. τοῦ νόμου acting in accordance with the law Ro 2:15 (perh. also the bringing of the law into effect, as Polyaenus 1, 19 τοῦ λογίου τὸ ἔργον=realization or fulfilment of the oracular response). ἡ ὑπομονὴ ἔ. τέλειον ἐχέτω let endurance show itself perfectly in practice Js 1:4.ⓒ deed, accomplishmentα. of the deeds of God and Jesus, specif. miracles (Epict. 3, 5, 10 ἰδεῖν ἔργα τὰ σά [=τοῦ θεοῦ]; Ael. Aristid. 50, 17 K.=26 p. 506 D.: ἔργον τοῦ θεοῦ θαυμαστόν; Quint. Smyrn. 9, 481 ἔργον ἀθανάτων of the healing of Philoctetes; Josh 24:29; Ps 45:9; 65:5; 85:8; JosAs 9:5; Jos., Bell. 5, 378 τ. ἔργα τοῦ θεοῦ, C. Ap. 2, 192) Mt 11:2; J 5:20, 36; 7:3, 21 (Diod S 5, 33, 5 ἓν ἔργον=just one practice); 9:3; 10:25, 37f; 14:10, 11, 12; 15:24; Ac 13:41 (Hab 1:5); 15:18 v.l.; Hb 3:9 (Ps 94:9); Rv 15:3. On Mt 11:19 s. δικαιόω 2bα.β. of the deeds of humans, exhibiting a consistent moral character, referred to collectively as τὰ ἔργα (Ps 105:35; Job 11:11; Jon 3:10) J 3:20 f; 7:7; Js 3:13; 1J 3:12; Rv 2:2, 19; 3:1, 8, 15. σωτῆρος ἡμῶν τὰ ἔ. Qua. τὰ πρῶτα ἔ. Rv 2:5. πάντα τὰ ἔργα (Am 8:7; Mi 6:16) Mt 23:5. κατὰ τὰ ἔργα in accordance w. the deeds (Ps 27:4; 61:13; Pr 24:12; En 100:7; PsSol 2:16) Mt 23:3; Ro 2:6; 2 Ti 1:9; 4:14; Rv 2:23; 20:12f. Also κατὰ τὸ ἔργον 1 Pt 1:17. The collective τὸ ἔργον is used for the pl. (Sir 11:20) Gal 6:4; Hb 6:10; Rv 22:12. The ἔργον or ἔργα is (are) characterized by the context as good or bad Lk 11:48; 1 Cor 5:2; 2 Cor 11:15; 2 Ti 4:14; Js 2:25; 3J 10; Rv 14:13; 16:11; 18:6 (since in all these passages except Rv 14:13 ἔ. refers to something bad, it is well to point out that ἔργον when used alone also means an evil or disgraceful deed, e.g., Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 22 §83 ἔργον οὐδὲν αὐτοῖς ἀπῆν=they abstained from no shameful deed; Apollon. Rhod. 4, 476; 742; Arrian, Anab. 3, 21, 4). Or they are characterized by an added word: ἔ. ἀγαθόν Ro 2:7; 13:3; 2 Cor 9:8; Phil 1:6; Col 1:10; 1 Ti 5:10; 2 Ti 2:21; 3:17; Tit 1:16b; 3:1; Hb 13:21 v.l. Pl. Eph 2:10 (misunderstood by JSanders, Ethics in the NT, ’75, 78; cp. Phil 1:6); 1 Ti 2:10. πλήρης ἔργων ἀγαθῶν rich in good deeds Ac 9:36. ἔ. καλόν Mt 26:10; Mk 14:6; J 10:33. Pl. (GrBar 15:2; Dio Chrys. 3, 52) Mt 5:16; J 10:32; 1 Ti 5:10a, 25; 6:18; Tit 2:7, 14; 3:8, 14, Hb 10:24; 1 Pt 2:12 (WvanUnnik, NTS 1, ’54/55, 92–110; cp. Diod S 16, 1, 1); 2 Pt 1:10 v.l.; 2 Cl 12:4. ἔργα ὅσια, δίκαια 6:9. ἔ. δικαιοσύνης B 1:6 (PsSol 18:8). ἐξ ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ righteous deeds Tit 3:5. τὰ ἔ. τοῦ θεοῦ the deeds that God desires (Jer 31:10; 1 Esdr 7:9, 15) J 6:28; cp. vs. 29. τὰ ἔ. μου (i.e. Χριστοῦ) Rv 2:26. ἔργα πεπληρωμένα ἐνώπιον τ. θεοῦ 3:2. ἔ. ἄξια τ. μετανοίας Ac 26:20. ἔ. τῆς πίστεως the deeds that go with faith Hs 8, 9, 1. ἔ. αἰώνιον an imperishable deed IPol 8:1. τὰ. ἔ. τοῦ Ἀβραάμ deeds like Abraham’s J 8:39. τὰ ἔ. τ. πέμψαντός με 9:4.—ἔργα πονηρά evil deeds (1 Esdr 8:83; En 98:6; Tat. 23:2) Col 1:21; 2J 11; cp. J 3:19; 7:7; 1J 3:12 and ἀπὸ παντὸς ἔ. πονηροῦ 2 Ti 4:18. Also ἔ. τῆς πονηρᾶς ὁδοῦ B 4:10. νεκρά dead works, i.e. those that lead to death Hb 6:1; 9:14. ἄκαρπα unfruitful actions Eph 5:11. ἄνομα lawless deeds 2 Pt 2:8. Also ἔ. τῆς ἀνομίας B 4:1; Hs 8, 10, 3. ἔργα ἀσεβείας impious deeds Jd 15 (ἀσεβῆ ἔ. Just., A I, 23, 3). τοῦ σκότους deeds of darkness (i.e. unbelief) Ro 13:12; cp. Eph 5:11. ἔ. τῆς σαρκός deeds that originate in the flesh (i.e. sin) Gal 5:19. τὰ ἔ. τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν deeds such as your father (the devil) commits J 8:41. τῶν Νικολαϊτῶν Rv 2:6.—κρύφια, φανερὰ ἔ. secret, open deeds 2 Cl 16:3. Freq. in Paul ἔργα νόμου deeds that the law commands you to do Ro 3:20, 28; cp. 27; Gal 2:16; 3:2, 5, 10 (cp. 4Q MMT 3, 27 [=A Facsimile Edition of the Dead Sea Scrolls, ed. REisenman/JRobinson, I ’91, xxxi, fig. 8, c line 29]; MAbegg, Paul, ‘Works of the Law’ and MMT: Bar 20/6, ’94, 52–55; JDunn, NTS 43, ’97, 147–53). Also simply ἔργα, w. the same meaning Ro 4:2, 6; 9:12, 32; 11:6; Eph 2:9; s. ELohmeyer, ZNW 28, 1929, 177–207.—S. δικαιοσύνη 3 end.② that which one does as regular activity, work, occupation, task (cp. Aristoph., Av. 862; X., Mem. 2, 10, 6; Arrian, Anab. 5, 23, 1; Epict. 1, 16, 21; Sir 11:20; TestSol 1:2 al.; Just., A II, 3, 5 βασιλικόν) w. gen. of the one who assigns the task τοῦ κυρίου 1 Cor 15:58; 16:10; Phil 2:30. διδόναι τινὶ τὸ ἔ. αὐτοῦ assign his task to someone Mk 13:34; πληροῦν ἔ. accomplish a task Ac 14:26. τ. ἔ. τελειοῦν finish the work (Dionys. Hal. 3, 69, 2 τ. οἰκοδομῆς τ. πολλὰ εἰργάσατο, οὐ μὴν ἐτελείωσε τὸ ἔργον; 2 Esdr 16:3, 16) J 17:4; cp. 4:34. ἡ κυρίου τοῦ ἔργου shop superintendent GJs 2:2 (s. deStrycker ad loc.) Of the task and work of the apostles Ac 13:2; 15:38. οἱ πιστευθέντες παρὰ θεοῦ ἔργον τοιοῦτο those who were entrusted by God with so important a duty 1 Cl 43:1. καρπὸς ἔργου fruit of work Phil 1:22. To love someone διὰ τὸ ἔ. αὐτοῦ because of what the person has done 1 Th 5:13. Of an office 1 Ti 3:1 (4 is also poss.). ἔ. ποιεῖν εὐαγγελιστοῦ do the work of an evangelist 2 Ti 4:5.—ἔ. συγγενικὸν ἀπαρτίζειν accomplish a proper, natural task IEph 1:1.③ that which is brought into being by work, product, undertaking, work (Hom. et al.; Gen 2:2; 3 Km 7:15, 19; Jer 10:3; 1 Esdr 5:44; TestAbr A 13 p. 93, 11 [Stone p. 34] εἴ τινος κατακαύσει τὸ πὺρ; Just., D. 88, 8; Mel., P. 36, 244) work in the passive sense. W. special ref. to buildings (Aristoph., Av. 1125; Polyb. 5, 3, 6; Diod S 1, 31, 9; Appian, Mithrid. 30 §119; Arrian, Anab. 6, 18, 2; Dionys. Byz. §27; IG IV2/1, 106, 56; 114, 31 al.; PPetr III, 43 [2] I, 2 [III B.C.] εἰς τὰ ἔργα=for the buildings al.; 1 Macc 10:11; SibOr 4, 59; EPeterson, Biblica 22, ’41, 439–41) 1 Cor 3:13, 14, 15. Perh. a building is also meant in 1 Cor 9:1 and Ro 14:20 (s. καταλύω 2b). γῆ κ. τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ ἔ. 2 Pt 3:10 (FDanker, ZNW 53, ’62, 82–86, would read καὶ γῇ κατὰ τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ ἔργα). Images of deities as ἔργα ἀνθρώπων 2 Cl 1:6 (Herodas 4, 26 ἔργα καλά of works of sculpture; Ath. 17:3f); sim. in the formulation ἔργον χειρός (cp. En 98:5; ApcEsdr 1:10; Herodas 7, 2f τῶν σῶν … χειρέων νοῆρες ἔργον; Epict. 3, 7, 24 τὰ χειρὸς ἔργα; Jos., Bell. 3, 268 of courageous deeds χειρῶν ἔργα; cp. Just., D. 23, 5 of circumcision not as ἔργον δικαιοσύνης) τὸ ἔ. τῶν χειρῶν τινος the work of someone’s hands=what someone has made Ac 7:41; Rv 9:20 (cp. Is 17:8; Just., A I, 20, 5 al.). Of the world as created by God (Celsus 4, 99) Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26; Ar 4:24 al.); 2:7 v.l.; B 5:10; 15:3. τὰ ἔ. τοῦ διαβόλου the devil’s undertakings or enterprises (Arrian, Anab. 1, 11, 7 Τρωικὸν ἔ.=the Trojan undertaking, of the Trojan War) 1J 3:8. τὰ ἔργα τῆς θηλείας the works of the female (w. ref. to sensual desire like Horapollo 1, 11 p. 18 θηλείας ἔργον and Longus 4, 19, 5 ἔργα γυναικῶν) GEg 252, 56. Of adultery Rv 2:22.④ someth. having to do with someth. under discussion, thing, matter (Hom. et al.) Ac 5:38. κρεῖττον IRo 2:1 (cp. GrBar 5:3 μείζονα τούτων ἔργα). ἔ. εὐφροσύνης a joyful thing B 10:11; οὐ πεισμονῆς τὸ ἔ. not a matter of persuasion IRo 3:3. οὐ νῦν ἐπαγγελίας τὸ ἔ. it is not a matter of what we now profess IEph 14:2. Perh. also 1 Ti 3:1 (s. 2 above).—JKleist, ‘Ergon’ in the Gospels: CBQ 6, ’44, 61–68. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
26 λαμβάνω
A , al. (Milet., iv/iii B. C.), 5597.11 (Ephesus, iii B. C.), corrupted to λάμψομαι in Mss. of Hdt.1.199; [dialect] Dor.[tense] fut.[ per.] 2sg.λαψῇ Epich.34.2
, Theoc.1.4,10, inf.λαμψεῖσθαι PSI9.1091.19
; Hellenisticλήμψομαι PPar.14.47
(ii B. C.), CIG4224c (add.) ([place name] Telmessus), 4244 ([place name] Tlos), al.: [tense] aor. 2 ἔλᾰβον, [dialect] Ep.ἔλλᾰβον Il.24.170
, etc.; [dialect] Ion. Iterat. , Hdt.4.78, 130; imper.λαβέ Il.1.407
, etc.; written λάβε in [voice] Med. Ms. of A.Eu. 130, but λαβέ [dialect] Att.acc. to Hdn. Gr.1.431: [tense] pf. , Ar.Ra. 591 (lyr.), etc. (dub.in Archil. 143); [dialect] Ion., [dialect] Dor., Arc.λελάβηκα Hdt.4.79
, IG42(1).121.68 (Epid., iv B. C.), 5(2).6.14 (Tegea, iv B. C.), also Eup.426; inf.λελαβήκειν IG 42(1).121.59
(Epid.), PSI9.1091.7: [tense] plpf.εἰλήφειν Th.2.88
, [dialect] Ion.[ per.] 3sg. λελαβήκεε v.l. in Hdt.3.42 ( κατα-); [dialect] Dor. [tense] pf. subj. [ per.] 3sg. ([etym.] παρ-) ([place name] Crete):—[voice] Med., [tense] aor. 2 ἐλαβόμην, [dialect] Ep. ἐλλ-, Od. 5.325, etc.; [dialect] Ep. redupl.λελαβέσθαι 4.388
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.ληφθήσομαι S.Ph.68
, Th.6.91,κατα-λελήψομαι Aristid.Or.54p.677D.
: [tense] aor. , etc.; [dialect] Ion. (Milet., v B. C.), ( κατ-) GDI5532.7 ([place name] Zeleia),ἐλάμφθην Hdt.2.89
, 6.92, 7.239 (- λάφθ- by erasure in cod. B); Hellenisticἐλήμφθην IG14.1320
, Ev.Marc. 16.19 (ἀν-); [dialect] Dor.ἐλάφθην Archim.Aren.1.13
: [tense] pf.εἴλημμαι D.24.49
, Ar.Pl. 455; but in Trag.usu. λέλημμαι, A.Ag. 876, E. Ion 1113, IA 363 (troch.), Cyc. 433, cf. Ar.Ec. 1090 ( δια-); so later προ-λέληπτε (sic) Supp.Epigr.2.769 ([place name] Dura); [dialect] Ion. λέλαμμαι ( ἀπο-) Hdt.9.51, ( δια-) 3.117; inf.ἀνα-λελάφθαι Hp.Off.11
(acc. to many codd., Hsch.and Erot., - λελάμφθαι vulg.); [dialect] Ion.[ per.] 3pl.λελήφαται An.Ox.1.268
; [dialect] Dor. [tense] pf.imper.λελάφθω Archim. Con.Sph.3
, al.:—in the [tense] fut., [tense] aor. [voice] Pass., and [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. the a is short by nature in [dialect] Ion., prob. long in [dialect] Dor. and in Doricized Hellenistic forms such asλαμψοῦνται Test.Epict.5.14
,λάμψεσθαι IG5(1).1390.67
(Andania, i B. C.); it is marked long in [dialect] Aeol.λᾱμψεται Alc.Supp.5.9
:—of these tenses Hom. uses only [tense] aor. [voice] Act., and [tense] aor.[voice] Med. twice (v. supr.); the Homeric [tense] pres. is λάζομαι. —The word has two main senses, one (more active) take; the other (more passive) receive:I take,1 take hold of, grasp, seize,μάστιγα καὶ ἡνία Od.6.81
: freq. with χειρί or χερσί added,χειρὶ χεῖρα λαβόντες Il.21.286
;χερμάδιον λάβε χειρί 5.302
;χείρεσσι λαβὼν περιμήκεα κοντόν Od.9.487
;ἐν χείρεσσι λάβ' ἡνία Il.8.116
;ἐν χεροῖν λ. S.OT 913
;διὰ χερῶν λαβών Id.Ant. 916
; ;ἐν ἀγκάλαις A.Supp. 481
, etc.; of an eagle,λ. ἄγραν ποσίν Pi.N.3.81
: c.acc. of the thing seized,λ. γούνατα Il.24.465
; but also c. acc. of whole, gen. of part seized, τὴν πτέρυγος λάβεν caught her by the wing, 2.316; ;γούνων λαβὼν κούρην Od. 6.142
;λ. τινὰ τῆς ζώνης X.An.1.6.10
, etc.: sts. c. gen. only, ἀγκὰς ἀλλήλων λαβέτην χερσί they took hold of one another with their arms, Il.23.711:—freq. in [voice] Med., v. infr. B.b take by violence, carry off as prize or booty, Il.5.273, 8.191, Hdt.4.130, S.Ph.68 ([voice] Pass.), 1431, etc.; capture a city, Plb.1.24.11, 3.61.8;ἐκ πόλιος.. ἀλόχους καὶ κτήματα Od.9.41
; of lions,λαβὼν κρατεροῖσιν ὀδοῦσιν Il.11.114
;ἵνα δαῖτα λάβῃσιν 24.43
; of an eagle, 17.678; of a dolphin, 21.24.c λ. δίκην take, exact punishment, Lys.1.29,34, Isoc.4.181; , etc. (rarely for δοῦναι δίκην, v.infr.11.1 e);λ. τιμωρίαν D.18.280
.2 of passions, feelings, etc., seize,μένος ἔλλαβε θυμόν Il.23.468
;Ἀτρεΐωνα.. χόλος λάβεν 1.387
; ;τὸν δὲ τρόμος ἔλλαβε γυῖα 24.170
, al.;δὴν δέ μιν ἀμφασίη ἐπέων λάβε Od.4.704
;τοὺς Ἀθηναίους θάρσος ἔλαβε Th.2.92
;ἄχος X.Cyr. 5.5.6
; ; ἐπειδὴ καιρὸς ἐλάμβανε when the occasion came to them, i.e. occurred, Th.2.34, D.C.44.19; of fevers and sudden illnesses, attack, Hp.Morb.1.19, Th.2.49, Ar.Ec. 417, etc. (cf. λάζομαι, λῆψις):—[voice] Pass., λαμβάνεσθαι νόσῳ, ὑπὸ [νόσου], S.Tr. 446, Hdt.1.138;ἔρωτι X.Cyr.6.1.31
, etc. (reversely of the person, λ. θυμόν, etc., v. infr.11.3).b of a deity, seize, possess, τινα Hdt.4.79:—[voice] Pass.,τῇ Ῥέᾳ λαμβάνονται Luc.Nigr.37
.c of darkness, etc., occupy, possess, .3 catch, overtake, as an enemy, Il.5.159, 11.106, 126, etc.;λ. τινὰ στείχοντα θύραζε Od.9.418
;ζῶντες ἐλάμφθησαν Hdt.9.119
; simply, find, come upon, S.OT 1031, E. Ion 1339.4 catch, find out, detect, Hdt.2.89 ([voice] Pass.); ποίῳ λαβών σε Ζεὺς ἐπ' αἰτιάματι; A.Pr. 196;τὸν αὐτόχειρα τοῦ φόνου λ. S.OT 266
: freq. c. part., κἂν λάβῃς ἐψευσμένον ib. 461;κλέπτοντα Κλέωνα λάβοιμι Ar.V. 759
;λ. τινὰ ψευδόμενον Pl.R. 389d
;τοῦτον ὑβρίζοντα λαβόντες D.21.97
: with Adj.,ὅπως μὴ λήψομαί σε προπετῆ Men.Epit. 570
:—[voice] Pass.,δρῶσ' ἐλήφθης S.Tr. 808
; ; ;ἐλήφθη μοιχός Lys.13.66
: in good sense, .5 λ. τινὰ πίστι καὶ ὁρκίοισι bind him by.., Hdt.3.74;ἀραῖον λαβεῖν τινα S.OT 276
codd.6 c. dupl. acc., take as, λαβὼν πρόβλημα σαυτοῦ παῖδα τόνδ' Id.Ph. 1007; ξυμπαραστάτην λ. τινά ib. 675;τοὺς Ἕλληνας λ. συναγωνιζομένους Isoc.5.86
.7 τὴν Ἴδην λαβὼν ἐς ἀριστερὴν χεῖρα taking, keeping Ida to your left (nisi leg. λαβών, ἐς ..) Hdt.7.42;ἐν δεξιᾷ λ. τὴν Σικελίαν Th.7.1
; λ. τὸ στρατόπεδον κατὰ νώτου take in rear, i.e. be behind, Hdt.1.75; cf.ἀπείργω 11.2
, ἔχω (A) A.1.7.8 λ. Ἑλληνίδα ἐσθῆτα assume it, Id.4.78, cf. 2.37;λ. ζυγόν Pi.P.2.93
.9 apprehend by the senses,ὄμμασιν θέαν S. Ph. 537
, cf. 656; πρόσφθεγμά τινος ib. 234;ὁρᾶται, ἢ ἄλλῃ τινὶ αἰσθήσει λαμβάνεται Pl.R. 524d
.b apprehend with the mind, understand,φρενὶ λ. τὸν λόγον Hdt.9.10
;νόῳ Id.3.41
;τῇ διανοίᾳ Pl. Prm. 143a
;λ. ἐν ταῖς γνώμαις βεβαίως X.Cyr.3.3.51
;ἐν νῷ Plb.2.35.6
: abs.,λ. τὴν ἀλήθειαν Antipho 1.6
;μνήμην παρὰ τῆς φήμης λ. Lys.2.3
, cf. Pl.Phdr. 246d, etc.c with Adv. added, take, i.e. understand in a certain manner,ταύτῃ ταῦτα ἐλάμβανον Hdt.7.142
;λάβετε [τοὺς λόγους] μὴ πολεμίως Th.4.17
; τὸ πρᾶγμα μειζόνως ἐλάμβανον took it more seriously, Id.6.27, cf. 61;ὀρθῶς λ. τὸν φιλοκερδῆ Pl.Hipparch. 227c
; λ. τι οὕτω, ὧδε, Arist.SE 174b27, Rh.Al. 1423a4;ὀργῇ καὶ φόβῳ τὸ γεγονὸς λ. Plu.Alc.18
: with παρά c.acc., λαμβάνω σε παρὰ βουκόλον .. PMag.Par.1.2434:—[voice] Pass., τρίτου καθεστῶσαι ἐπὶ πρώτου λαμβάνονται are used for the first person, A.D.Pron.78.22; with ἐς, εἰ ἐς κόρην λαμβάνοιτο be taken for a girl, Philostr.Im.2.32: less freq. c. dupl. acc., ὡς μεθυστικὰς λ. [τὰς ἁρμονίας] Arist.Pol. 1342b25, cf. S.E.P.1.179;τῆς νίκης ἆθλον τὴν ὑπεροχὴν τῆς πολιτείας λ. Arist.Pol. 1296a31
;τοῦτο λ. γιγνόμενον Id.Mete. 346a7
; alsoλ. περί τινος τί ἐστι Id.EN 1142a32
, cf. 1140a24, al.: also c. inf.,λ. τι εἶναί τι Id.Mete. 389a29
, al.: with a relat. clause, οὕτω δεῖ λαμβάνειν, ἀλλ' οὐχ ὅτι .. Id.Metaph. 1053a27, cf. Str.2.5.1;εἰλήφθω ὁ ἄδικος ποσαχῶς λέγεται Arist.EN 1129a31
: in bad sense,πρὸς δέους λ. τι Plu.Flam.7
;πρὸς ἀτιμίας Id.Cic.13
;λ. δι' οἴκτου E. Supp. 194
; but also ἐν χάριτι καὶ δωρεᾷ λ. receive as a favour, Plb.1.31.6.d in Logic, assume, take for granted,ἅπαν ζῷον λαμβάνει ἢ θνητὸν ἢ ἀθάνατον Arist.APr. 46b6
; λ. τὰς περὶ ἕκαστον ἀρχάς ib. 53a2, etc.:—[voice] Pass., τὰ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ληφθέντα ib. 26b30; αἱ εἰλημμέναι προτάσεις ib. 33a15, cf. Phld.Rh.2.46 S., Sign.35, Oec.p.5 J., S.E.P.2.89.e take, i.e. determine, estimate,τὴν ξυμμέτρησιν τῶν κλιμάκων Th.3.20
;ἐντεῦθεν τὸ μέγεθος τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων Lycurg.66
;τὴν τιμωρίαν ποθεινοτέραν λ. Th.2.42
.10 take in hand, undertake (cf. ληπτέον) , λ. τι ἐπὶ τὸ σωφρονέστερον, opp. συνταχύνειν, Hdt.3.71; μηδένα πόνον λαβόντες without taking any trouble, Id.7.24;παλαισμάτων λ. φροντίδα Pi.N.10.22
.11 take in, hold, τὸ στρατόπεδον πεζοὺς λ. περὶ τετρακισχιλίους Plb.3.107.10.12 part. λαβών freq. seems pleonastic, but adds dramatic effect, λαβὼν κύσε χεῖρα took and kissed, Od.24.398, cf. Il.21.36: so in Trag. and Com., τί μ' οὐ λαβὼν ἔκτεινας; S.OT 1391, cf. 641;τῆ νῦν τόδε πῖθι λαβών Cratin.141
, etc.b ingressive of ἔχων ( ἔχω (A) A.1.6),ἑτάρους τε λ. καὶ νῆα.. ἦλθον Od. 15.269
, cf. S.Tr. 259.II receive,1 have given one, get, receive, prop. of things (AB 106),ἄποινα Il.6.427
;τὰ πρῶτα 23.275
; , v. infr.e;παρὰ βασιλέος δῶρα Hdt.8.10
, cf. Ar. Eq. 439;πρός τινος S.El.12
, etc.;ἀπὸ τῶν συκοφαντῶν X.Mem.2.9.4
; gain, win,κλέος Od.1.298
, S.Ph. 1347, etc.;ἀρετάν Pi.O.8.6
;κόσμον Id.N.3.31
codd. (v.l. ἔλαχες Sch.); , etc.; πρὸς τὸ μνηστεύεσθαι λ. ἡλικίαν attain.., Isoc.10.39;λ. νόστον E.IT 1016
, etc.;λ. τὴν ἀρχὴν τῆς θαλάττης Isoc.5.61
; ; ; ; : also in bad sense,λ. ὀνείδη S.OT 1494
;συμφοράν E.Med.43
; (lyr.); γέλωτα μωρίαν τε incur.., Id. Ion 600;αἰτίαν ἀπό τινος Th.2.18
, etc.:—for λ. θυμόν, etc., v. supr.1.2 et infr. 3.b receive hospitably, Od.7.255, cf. S.OC 284 ([etym.] ἔλαβες τὸν ἱκέτην ἐχέγγυον) which approaches this sense; καλῶς λ. τινά treat well, BGU843.10 (i/ii A. D.).c receive in marriage, Hdt.1.199, 9.108, E.Fr.953.27, X. HG4.1.14, Isoc.10.39, PEleph.1.2 (iv B. C.), Men.Pk. 436; τοῖς λαμβάνουσιν ἐξ αὐτῶν, i.e. those who married their daughters, SIG1044.14 (Halic., iv/iii B. C.); also of the father taking a daughter-in-law,τῷ υἱῷ λ. τινά Men.Pk. 447
.e λ. δίκην receive, i.e. suffer, punishment, Hdt.1.115; τὴν ἀξίην λ. get one's deserts, Id.7.39; ;λ. ζημίας D.11.11
.f λ. ὅρκον receive an oath, Arist. Rh. 1377a8;λ. πιστά X.An.3.2.5
, al.; λ. λόγον demand an account, τινος for a thing, παρά τινος from a person, Id.Cyr.1.4.3, D.8.47.h receive as produce, profit, etc.,οἶνον ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου Ar.Nu. 1123
; [χρήματα] ἐκ τῆς ἀρχῆς Pl.R. 347b
; λ. ἑκατὸν τῆς δραχμῆς, ὀβολοῦ, purchase for.., Ar. Pax 1263, Ra. 1235, cf. Nu. 1395; πόθεν ἄν τις τοῦτο τὸ χρῖμα λάβοι; X.Smp.2.4.i λ. πεῖράν τινος, v. πεῖρα.3 of persons conceiving feelings and the like , λ. θυμόν take heart, Od. 10.461: freq. in periphrasis, λ. φόβον, = φοβεῖσθαι, S.OC 729; αἰδῶ λ., = αἰδεῖσθαι, Id.Aj. 345; λ. ὀργήν, = ὀργίζεσθαι, E.Supp. 1050: so generally λ. ἀρχήν, = ἄρχεσθαι, Id.IA 1124; λ. ὕψος, ἐπίδοσιν, αὔξησιν, = ὑψοῦσθαι, ἐπιδιδόναι, αὐξάνεσθαι, Th.1.91, Isoc.4.10, Arist.GA 732b5, etc.;λ. κακόν τι Ar.Nu. 1310
; λ. νόσον take a disease, Pl.R. 610d; λ. μορφήν, τέλος, etc., Arist.GA 762a13, 744a21, etc.; αἱ οἰκίαι ἐπάλξεις λαμβάνουσαι receiving battlements, having battlements added, Th.4.69, cf. 115.4 c. inf., receive permission to.., SIG996.6 (Smyrna, i A. D.).B [voice] Med., take hold of, lay hold on, c. gen., [ σχεδίης] Od.5.325; τῆς κεφαλῆς, τῶν γουνάτων, Hdt.4.64, 9.76; , etc.;τοῦ βωμοῦ And.1.126
, etc.: c. dupl.gen.,μου λαβόμενος τῆς χειρός Pl. Chrm. 153b
.2 seize and keep hold of, obtain possession of, ; καιροῦ λαβόμενος seizing the opportunity, Is.2.28;λ. ἀληθείας Pl.Plt. 309d
: rarely c. acc.,τόν.. λελαβέσθαι Od.4.388
.3 lay hands upon, χαλεπῶς λαμβάνεσθαί τινος lay rough hands on him, deal hardly with him, Hdt.2.121. δ.4 of place, λ. τῶν ὀρῶν take to the mountains, Th.3.24, cf. 106; Δήλου λαβόμεναι (sc. αἱ νῆες) reaching Delos, Id.8.80.6 λαβέσθαι ἑαυτοῦ check oneself, Hld.2.24.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λαμβάνω
-
27 πρᾶγμα
πρᾶγμα, ατος, τό, [dialect] Ion. [full] πρῆχμα Schwyzer 688 B16, C5 (Chios, v B. C.), GDI5598.4 ([place name] Ephesus); also [full] πρῆγμα Hdt.5.33, al., but Hdt. perh. wrote [full] πρῆχμα, which is v. l. in 1.133 ap.Ath.4.144a (cod. A), and in 3.49,57 (POxy.1619.326, 379); cf. πρήχματος οὐχ ὁσίου imitated from Hdt. in Epigr.Gr.1092 ([place name] Erechtheum): ([etym.] πράσσω):—A deed, act, the concrete of πρᾶξις, but freq. approaching to the abstract sense, Thgn.116, al.; opp. λόγοι, D.2.12, etc.;πραγμάτων ὀρθὰν ὁδόν Pi.O. 7.46
; γυναίου π. ἐποίει did the act of a woman, D.25.57, cf. 18.24, etc.II occurrence, matter, affair,πᾶσαν τελευτὰν πράγματος Pi.O. 13.75
, cf. P.4.278;τί τοῦδε σοὶ μέτεστι π. λέγε A.Eu. 575
, cf. 584;π. τοιόνδε συνηνείχθη γενέσθαι Hdt.5.33
, cf. 9.92, Th.2.64;ἐς μέσον σφι προετίθεε τὸ π. Hdt.1.206
;τί δ' εἰδὼς τοῦδε π. πέρι; S.Aj. 747
codd.;τὸ π. εἰς ὑπέρδεινόν μοι περιέστη D.21.111
; ὁρᾶτε τὸ π., οἷ προελήλυθε κτλ., Id.4.9, cf. 8.7.2 thing, concrete reality,ἆρ' ἔστιν αὔλησίς τι π.; Epich.171.1
; opp. ὄνομα, Pl.Cra. 391b, 436a, And.4.27;δύο π... τοιάδε, οἷον Κρατύλος καὶ Κρατύλου εἰκών Pl.Cra. 432b
; ὡς ἀργαλέον π. ἐστίν c. inf., Ar.Pl.1;οὐδὲ π. οὐθέν ἐστι παρὰ τὰ μεγέθη.. τὰ αἰσθητὰ κεχωρισμένον Arist. de An. 432a3
, cf. Mete. 379a32, Ph. 226b30, 227b28;διαμάχονται περὶ τοῦ λευκὸν ἢ μὴ λευκὸν εἶναι τὸ π. Plu.2.1109d
, cf. 1112d;ἐξ ἀζωΐας καὶ ζωῆς συγκείμενον π. Porph.Sent.21
: pl.,τῶν π. ἀΐδιος ἔσσα Philol.6
, cf. Democr.164, Arist.Xen. 974a25, Pol. 1252a24;τὰ μετέωρα π. Ar.Nu. 228
, cf. 250, 741; opp. ὀνόματα, Pl.Cra. 39oe, D.9.15.b contemptuously, thing, creature, κακῷ πράγματι wretched creature, viz. the sophist, Pl.Prt. 312c; τούτῳ τῷ π., viz. the demos, Id.Grg. 520b;ὁ δῆμος ἀσταθμητότατον π. D.19.136
; ἄμαχον π., of a woman, X. Cyr.6.1.36.3 like πρᾶξις 1.2,ὄφελος 1
, in Hdt., πρῆγμά ἐστι or ἐστί μοι, c. inf., it is advantageous for me,εὕρισκε π. οἱ εἶναι ἐλαύνειν 1.79
, cf. 4.11: with a neg.,εὕρισκέ οἱ οὐ π. εἶναι στρατεύεσθαι Id.7.12
: also c. acc. et inf., οὐδὲν ἂν εἴη π. γνώμας ἐμὲ σοὶ ἀποφαίνεσθαι there will be no advantage or need, Id.1.207; π. ἂν ἦν μοῦνον the only thing needful, Id.7.130.4 thing of consequence or importance, π. ποιήσασθαι [τι] ib. 150;π. οὐδὲν ἐποιήσαντο Id.6.63
; οὐδὲν π., ὦ Σώκρατες no matter, S., Pl.Grg. 447b, cf. E.Med. 451;ὡς.. οὐδὲν ὂν π., εἰ καὶ ἀποθάνοι Pl.Euthphr.4d
; δῆλον ἦν ὅτι π. τι εἴη that there was something the matter, X.An.4.1.17.b π. ἐστί μοι it concerns me, σφίσι τε καὶ Ἀθηναίοισι εἶναι οὐδὲν π. they had nothing to do with the A., Hdt.5.84, cf. D.18.283; ᾧ μὴ π. μὴ εἰσίναι no admittance except on business, Sammelb.6152.22 (i B. C.): c. gen. rei, οἷς μηδὲν ἦν π. τοῦ πολέμου who were not concerned in the war, Plu.Pomp.65; τὸ σὸν τί ἐστι π.; what is your pursuit or business, what are you about? Pl. Ap. 20c, cf. Alc.1.104d.c μέγα π. a man of consequence, D.35.15;τὸ μέγα π. ἐν τῇ πόλει Men.Sam. 175
; ἦν μέγιστον π. Δημοκήδης παρὰ βασιλέϊ he was made much of by the king, Hdt.3.132; π. μέγα φρέατος a fine large tank, Alex.179.5 used of a battle, action, affair,ὡς οἱ σωθέντες ἐκ τοῦ π. ἀπέφυγον X.HG7.1.17
.7 fact, opp. λόγος, ὄνομα, Arist. Top. 146a3, SE 175a8;πρὸς τὸ π. καὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν Id.Ph. 263a17
: pl.,οὐκ ἐχρῆν τῶν π. τὴν γλῶσσαν ἰσχύειν πλέον E.Hec. 1188
.8 matter in hand, question, Hp.Acut.39;πρὸς τὸ π. Pl.Men. 87a
, Arist.APr. 70a32, D.54.26;διαιρεῖν κατὰ τὸ π. Arist. Pol. 1299b18
; ἔξω τοῦ π., v. ἔξω 1.2b.III in pl., πράγματα,1 circumstances, affairs,τὰ ἀνθρωπήϊα π. Hdt.1.207
;ἐν εἰρήνῃ καὶ ἀγαθοῖς π. Th.3.82
, cf. 1.89; τοῖς π. τέθνηκα τοῖς δ' ἔργοισιν οὔ by circumstances, not by acts, E.Hel. 286;ἐν τοιούτοις π. X.Mem.2.7.2
, An.2.1.16, etc.;δεινὸς πράγμασι χρῆσθαι D.1.3
, cf. X.HG3.5.1;τύχη τὰ θνητῶν πράγματ', οὐκ εὐβουλία Chaerem.2
; ἀποτυγχάνειν τῶν π. fail to prosper, X.Mem.4.2.28; the condition of a patient,τὰ τῶν νοσεύντων π. Hp.Prog.1
(also in sg.,ἐξαπίνης ὅλῳ τῷ π. μεταβάλλειν Id.Acut. 35
; so also poet.,ποῦ ποτ' εἰμὶ πράγματος; S.Tr. 375
, cf.Aj. 314).2 state-affairs,τὰ πολιτικὰ π. Pl.Ap. 31d
; ἔστ' ἐν ἡμῖν τῆς πόλεως τὰ π. the fortunes of the state, Ar.Lys.32; a state or empire, τὰ Περσικὰ π. the Persian power, Hdt.3.137;τὰ Περσέων π. Id.7.50
, etc.;διαπεπόρθηται τὰ Περσῶν π. A.Pers. 714
;ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων τὰ π. ἐγένετο Th.1.74
;μὴ ὥσπερ θεῷ νομίζετ' ἐκείνῳ τὰ παρόντα πεπηγέναι π. ἀθάνατα D.4.8
, cf. 44, etc.;παρασπάσασθαί τι τῶν ὅλων π. Id.1.3
; of government,καταλαμβάνειν τὰ π. Hdt.6.39
, cf. Th.3.30 ([voice] Pass.); ἔχειν τὰ π. ib.62,72, cf. Hdt.6.83;κατέχειν τὰ π. Th.4.2
;ἐς μέσον Πέρσῃσι καταθεῖναι τὰ π. Hdt.3.80
; οἱ ἐν τοῖς π. those who are in power or office, Th.3.28, D.9.56, Arist.Pol. 1307b10;οἱ ἐπὶ τοῖς π. ὄντες D.9.2
;οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν π. Id.18.247
, cf. Plb.3.69.4, LXX 1 Ma.3.32; [full] ἐντυραννίδι καὶ πλούτῳ καὶ πράγμασι Plu.2.150c
; τριῶν ἀνδρῶν δημοσίων π. ἀποκαταστάσεως, = Lat. triumvir reipublicae constituendae, Sammelb. 4224.2 (i B. C.);κοινωνοὶ τῶν π. X.HG2.3.17
;νεώτερα π.
innovations,Lys.
13.6, Isoc.7.59, etc., cf. Hdt.5.19; but εὐνούστατος τοῖς π. a friend to things as they are, Lys.12.65.3 fortunes, cause, circumstances, Hdt.7.236, 237;κοινὰ π. E.IT 1062
;τέρας γὰρ ὁ βίος καὶ τὰ π. ἐστί μου Id.Hel. 260
;ἔρρει τἀμὰ π. X.Smp.1.15
, cf. E.Alc. 280: τὰ π. alone, one's all, one's fortunes,ἐν ᾧπέρ ἐστι πάντα μοι τὰ π. Ar.Ach. 474
; = κτήματα, Hp. ( Lex5?) ap.Erot.: in sg.,φαῦλον γὰρ ἂν εἴη τὸ ἐμὸν π. Pl.Hp.Ma. 286e
, cf. Cri. 53d, Ap. 42a.4 business, esp. lawbusiness, , Th.1.128;οὔτε ἐμαυτοῦ οὔτε ἀλλότρια π. πράξας Lys.12.3
; ;πράγματα κἀντιγραφάς Id.Nu. 471
: metaph. in sg., πονηρὸν τὸ π. ἔχειν to have a bad case, Arist.Rh. 1415b22.5 in bad sense, trouble, annoyance,ἁπάντων αἰτίους τῶν π. Ar.Ach. 310
; πρήγματα ἔχειν, c. part., to have trouble about a thing, Hdt.7.147, cf. Pl.Tht. 174b, etc.;π. ἔχειν ἐν τῷ δείπνῳ X.Cyr.1.3.4
, etc.;π. λαμβάνειν Id.Lac.2.9
; π. παρέχειν τινί to cause one trouble, Hdt.1.155, Ar.Pl.20, al.: c. inf., cause one the trouble of doing, Pl.Phd. 115a, X.Cyr.4.5.46, Ar.V. 313;πραγμάτων.. ἀπαλλαγείς Id.Ach. 269
(lyr.), cf. Pl.Ap. 41d, R. 406e; ἄνευ πραγμάτων, σὺν πράγμασι, D.1.20, X.An.6.3.6: less freq.in sg.,μηδὲν πρῆγμα παρέχειν Hdt.7.239
. -
28 ἀμείβω
Aἄμειβον Il.14.381
: [tense] fut.- ψω A.Pr. 23
: [tense] aor. ἤμειψα, [dialect] Ep. ἄμειψα [ᾰ] h.Cer. 275, A.R.3.280; [dialect] Dor. ἄμ [pron. full] [ᾱ] Pi.P.5.38; Trag.:—[voice] Med., [tense] impf. ἠμειβόμην, [dialect] Ep.ἀμ- Il.3.171
, etc.: [tense] fut. : [tense] aor. ἠμειψάμην, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion.ἀμ- Il.4.403
, Hdt.1.37, al.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.ἀμειφθήσεται Hsch.
: [tense] aor. ἠμείφθην AP7.589 (Agath.), 638 (Crin.), etc. (in med. sense, Pi.P.4.102, Theoc.7.27): [tense] pf.ἤμειπται Gal.1.210
: [dialect] Ep. [tense] plpf.ἄμειπτο Nonn.D.44.241
.—Verb and compds. are almost exclus. poet. and [dialect] Ion., but used once or twice in Pl. and X., and late Prose.A [voice] Act., change, exchange, (not Od.),ἔντε' ἄμειβεν Il.17.192
, etc.: τί τινος, as γόνυ γουνὸς ἀμείβων changing one knee for other, i. e. walking slowly, ib.11.547, etc.:—so either,1 give in exchange, ὃς πρὸς Τυδεΐδην Διομήδεα τεύχε' ἄμειβε χρύσεα χαλκείων ib. 6.235: c.acc.,δάμαρτ' ἀμείψας E.Alc.46
: or more freq.,2 take in exchange,τι ἀντί τινος Pi.P.4.17
, E.Hel. 1382; πόσιν ἀντὶ σᾶς ἀμεῖψαι ψυχᾶς redeem at that price, Id.Alc. 462, etc.;μορφὴν ἀ. ἐκ θεοῦ βροτησίαν Id.Ba.4
;ἀ. τὰν ἐμὰν [φυλακάν] Id.Rh. 527
;τιμὰν πρὸς ἀνθρώπων ἀμείψω Ibyc.24
, cf. A.Ch. 1019 (anap.) (prob.).3 in [dialect] Att. often of Place, change it, so pass, cross, πορθμόν, πόρον, Id.Pers. 69, E.IA 144, etc.:—hence,b either pass out of a house, leave it, ἀ. στέγας, δώματα, S.Ph. 1262, E.El. 750; or pass into, enter it,ἀ. θύρας Hdt.5.72
, cf. A.Ch. 571: generally,πόλιν ἐκ πόλεως ἀ. Pl.Sph. 224b
, cf. Prm. 138d; v. infr. B.11.2.4 change, alter,χρῶτα βαφῇ A.Pers. 317
;χροιᾶς ἄνθος Id.Pr.23
;ἐς κακοχυμίην ἤμειψε τὰ σπλάγχνα Aret.SD2.13
: abs., πολλὰ ἀ. change colour, Jul.Caes. 309a; so [voice] Med.,χροιῆς ἄνθος ἀμειβομένης Sol.27.6
.5 causal, make others change,τεύχε' ἄμειβον Il.14.381
; pass on, hand on from one to another,τέκνα.. διαδοχαῖς ἀμείβουσαι χεροῖν E.Hec. 1159
.II intr. in part., [full] ἀμείβοντες, οἱ, the interchangers, i.e. rafters that meet and cross each other, Il.23.712, cf. Theo Sm.p.122 H., Nonn.D.37.588; ἐν ἀμείβοντι, = ἀμοιβάδις, Pi.N.11.42:—so prob. succeeds,E.
Or. 1503.B [voice] Med., change one with another, do in turn or alternately, abs.,ἀμειβόμενοι φυλακὰς ἔχον Il.9.471
; ;ὀρχείσθην.. ἀμειβομένω Od.8.379
; ἀμειβόμενοι κατὰ οἴκους at every house in turn, 1.375, 2.140; ploughed and fallow in turn,Pi.
N.6.9; so ἀμειβόμεναι ὁπλαῖς alternating, crosswise, of the motion of the legs in horses or oxen, Id.P.4.226; ἄλλα ἄλλοθεν ἀμείβεται now comes one thing, now another in turn, E.Hipp. 1108;ἀμείβεται μιάσματα Id.Med. 1267
: c. part., θρῴσκων ἄλλοτ' ἐπ' ἄλλον ἀμείβεται leaps in turn.., Il.15.684:—ἀ. στενότητι vary in narrowness, X.Cyn.9.14.2 of dialogue, answer one another,Od.
3.148, etc.; in part., ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπε, προσηύδα, Il.3.437, 17.33;ἀ. πρός τινα Hdt.8.60c
odd.; πρός τι ib.58, E.Tr. 903: c. acc. pers. et dat. rei, ἀ. τινα μύθῳ, μύθοις, Od. 12.278, 2.83; ἀ. τινα alone, answer one, reply to him, Il.1.172, etc.;τὸν λόγοις ἀμείφθη Pi.P.4.102
, cf. Theoc.7.27; ἀμείβετο τοῖσδε in these words, Hdt.1.35, al.:—later c. acc. rei,τούτοις ἀμείβου.. εὐμαθές τι A.Eu. 442
; ;μὴ σφριγῶντ' ἀμείψῃ μῦθον E.Supp. 478
;ταῦτα ἀμείψατο Hdt.1.37
: c. dupl. acc.,ταῦτα τοὺς φίλους ἀμείψατο Id.2.173
, cf.3.52, A.Supp. 195;ἕν μ' ἄμειψαι μοῦνον S.OC 991
; τὸν δὲ.. μῆτιν.. ἀμείβετο gave him counsel in reply, Pi.P. 9.39:—also late Prose, Luc.Alex.19.3 repay, requite, c. acc. pers. et dat. rei,δώροισιν ἀ. τινα Od.24.285
;χρηστοῖσι Hdt.1.41
, cf. 4.97;ὁμοίοις D.20.6
;ἀμείβομαί σε τῷ φυγεῖν τὴν οἰκίαν Com.Adesp.371
: c. acc. pers. only,τὸν ἄδικον ἀ. S.Fr.12
;τοὺς μὲν ἐκόλαζε, τοὺς δὲ ἠμείβετο D.C.74.8
: c. acc. et dat. rei,ἀ. εὐεργεσίας χάρισιν X.Mem.4.3.15
: c. acc. rei only,χάριν φιλότητος S.El. 134
;βροτῶν ἀσυνεσίας E.Ph. 1727
;τὴν προϋπαρχήν Arist.EN 1165a5
: rarely c. dat. pers., : rarely also c. gen. rei compensatae,ἀ. τινα τῆς δικαιοσύνης Luc.Somn. 15
:—mostly, return good for good; but also, bad for good,φθόνον ἀμειβόμενον τὰ καλὰ ἔργα Pi.P.7.17
; bad for bad,ἀμείψεται φόνον φόνος E.El. 1093
;κακὸν κακῷ Aret.SD2.13
.II get in exchange, [οὔτοι] νιν (sc. Καρθαίαν)Βαβυλῶνος ἀμείψομαι Pi.Pae.4.16
; θητικοῦ ἀντὶ τέλους ἱππάδ' ἀμειψάμενος Epigr. ap. Arist.Ath.7.4; .2 like [voice] Act., change a place, pass either out or in,ψυχὴ.. ἀμείψεται ἕρκος ὀδόντων Il.9.409
; and reversely of things swallowed,φάρμακα.. ἀ. ἕρκ. ὀδ. Od.10.328
;ἀμειβόμεναι μέγαν οὐδὸν.., ἡ μὲν ἔσω.. ἡ δὲ θύραζε Hes. Th. 749
;πατρίδ' ἀμειψάμενος Sol.2
;ποταμόν Simon.94
; ; ; γῆν οὐρανοῦ ἀ. change earth for heaven, Plu.2.607e;ὑπὲρ οὐδὸν ἀμειβόμενον Theoc. 2.104
; ; ἕτεραδ' ἕτερος ἀμείβεται πήματα passes through them, E.Or. 979.IV χεροῖν πίτυλον, ὃς αἰὲν δι' Ἀχέροντ' ἀ. θεωρίδα convoys, accompanies it, A.Th. 856. -
29 περισσός
περισσός, [dialect] Att. [full] περιττός, ή, όν, (from περί, as ἔπισσαι from ἐπί, μέτασσαι from μετά)A beyond the regular number or size, prodigious, (never in Hom.);μος Trag.Adesp.458.3
; στάθμα, dub.sens., v. ἕλκω B. 3.2 out of the common, extraordinary, strange, ἔ τι περισσὸν εἰδείη if he has any signal knowledge, Thgn.769; εἴ τι φρονεῖς καί τι περισσὸν ἔχεις Philisc.( PLG2.327);π. λόγος S.OT 841
; (lyr.); (lyr.);βίος οὐδὲν ἔχων π. ἀλλὰ πάντα σμικρά Antipho Soph.51
;οὐ γὰρ π. οὐδὲν οὐδ' ἔξω λόγου πέπονθας E.Hipp. 437
;περισσότερα παθήματα Antipho 3.4.5
;τὰ π. τῶν ἔργων καὶ τερατώδη Isoc.12.77
; ἴδια καὶ π. Id.15.145 ;π. καὶ θαυμαστά Arist.EN 1141b6
; πρᾶξις π. Id.Pol. 1312a27 ;οὐθὲν δὴ λέγοντες π. φαίνονταί τι λέγειν Id.Metaph. 1053b3
; τί π. ποιεῖτε; Ev.Matt.5.47;περιττοτάτη φύσις Arist.HA 531a9
; συνανθρωπίζον.. πάντων περισσότατον, of the dog, Ath.13.611c, cf. Clearch.24 ; in Literature, striking, τὸ περιττόν, as a quality of οἱ τοῦ Σωκράτους λόγοι, Arist.Pol. 1265a11; τὰ σοφὰ καὶ τὰ π. refinements, Epicur.Fr. 409 ; opp. κοινὸς καὶ δημώδης, Longin.40.2 (but also, elaborate,π. καὶ πεποιημένος Id.3.4
; in bad sense, far-fetched, D.H.Pomp.2, Dem.56).3 of persons, extraordinary, remarkable, esp. for great learning,π. ὢν ἀνήρ E.Hipp. 948
;τοὺς.. π. καί τι πράσσοντας πλέον Id.Fr. 788
; δυστυχεῖς εἶναι τοὺς π. Arist.Metaph. 983a2 ;π. γένος τῶν μελιττῶν Id.GA 760a4
: freq. with the manner added,π. κατὰ φιλοσοφίαν Id.Pr. 953a10
; περὶ τὸν ἄλλον βίον περιττότερος somewhat extravagant or eccentric, Id.Pol. 1267 b24; τῇ φύσει π. Id.HA 622b6;κάλλει Plu.Demetr.2
;ἐν ἅπασι Id.Dem. 3
;τὴν ὥραν Alciphr.1.12
: c. inf., D.H.Comp.18.4 c. gen., περισσὸς ἄλλων πρός τι beyond others in.., S.El. 155; θύσει τοῦδε περισσότερα greater things than this, AP6.321 (Leon.Alex.); one greater than..,Ev.Matt.11.9
.II more than sufficient, superfluous,αἱ π. δαπάναι X.Mem.3.6.6
; περιττὸν ἔχειν to have a surplus, Id.An.7.6.31; οἱ μὲν.. περιττὰ ἔχουσιν, οἱ δὲ οὐδὲ τὰ ἀναγκαῖα .. Id.Oec.20.1 : c. gen., τῶν ἀρκούντων περιττά more than sufficient, Id.Cyr. 8.2.21;τὰ π. τῶν ἱκανῶν Id.Hier.1.19
: freq. in military sense, οἱ π. ἱππεῖς the reserve horse, Id.Eq.Mag.8.14; οἱ π. τῆς φυλακῆς ib.7.7; π. σκηναί spare tents, Id.Cyr.4.6.12 (but τοῖς περιττοῖς χρήσεσθαι their superior numbers, Id.An.4.8.11, cf. Cyr.6.3.20); τὸ π. the surplus, residue, Inscr. ap. eund.An.5.3.13 (but τὸ π. τοῦ Ἰουδαίου the advantage of the Jew, Ep.Rom.3.1); Ἁρπυιῶν τὰ π. their leavings, AP11.239 (Lucill.); τὸ π. τῆς ἡμέρας the remainder of the day, X.Eph.1.3; π. γράμματα supplementary provisions in a will, BGU 326ii9 (ii A.D.).2 in bad sense, superfluous, useless, οὐδέ τι τοῦ παντὸς κενεὸν πέλει οὐδὲ π. Emp.13 ; μόχθος π. A.Pr. 385, cf. S.Ant. 780;π. κἀνόνητα σώματα Id.Aj. 758
;βάρος π. γῆς ἀναστρωφώμενοι Id.Fr. 945
; (lyr.);τὰ γὰρ π. πανταχοῦ λυπήρ' ἔπη Id.Fr.82
; ;π. πάντες οὑν μέσῳ λόγοι E.Med. 819
;π. φωνῶν Id.Supp. 459
.3 excessive, extravagant, μηχανᾶσθαι περισσά commit extravagances, Hdt.2.32 ; περισσὰ δρᾶν, πράσσειν, to be over-busy, S.Tr. 617, Ant.68; π. φρονεῖν to be over-wise, E.Fr. 924 (anap.);ἡ π. αὕτη ἐπιμέλεια τοῦ σώματος Pl.R. 407b
; μῆκος πολὺ λόγων π. Id.Lg. 645c; redundant, overdone,οἱ καρτεροὶ καὶ π. λόγοι Id.Ax. 365c
, etc.; of dress, ἐσθὴς π. Plu.2.615d;περισσοτέρα λύπη 2 Ep.Cor.2.7
; τοῦ τὰ δέοντ' ἔχειν περιττὰ μισῶ I hate extravagance in comparison with moderation, Alex.254, etc.4 of persons, over-wise, over-curious,περισσὸς καὶ φρονῶν μέγα E.Hipp. 445
, cf.Ba. 429(lyr.); ὁ πολυπράγμων καὶ π. Plb.9.1.4; τὴν περὶ τὸ σῶμα θεραπείαν ἀκριβὴς καὶ π. Plu.Cic.8; so, of speakers,π. ἐν τοῖς λόγοις Δημοσθένης Aeschin.1.119
.5 as a term of praise, subtle, acute,ἀκριβὴς καὶ π. διάνοια Arist.Top. 141b13
.III Arith., ἀριθμὸς π. an odd, uneven number, opp. ἄρτιος, Epich.170.7, Philol.5, Pl.Prt. 356e, etc.;π. ἡμέραι Hp.Aph. 4.61
; τὸ π. καὶ τὸ ἄρτιον the nature of odd and even, Pl.Grg. 451c, etc.; π. χῶραι the odd places in a verse, Heph.5.1 ; ἀρτιάκις π. ἀριθμός a number divisible by an odd number an even number of times, as 2, 6, 10, Euc.7 Def.9.IV περισσότεροι more in number, extra, Carnead. ap. S.E.M.9.140.V περιττόν, τό, = στρύχνος μανικός, θρύον 11, Thphr.HP9.11.6;περισσόν Dsc.4.73
;περίσκον Orib.12.8.56
.B Adv. περισσῶς extraordinarily, exceedingly,θεοσεβέεες π. ἐόντες Hdt.2.37
; ἐπαινέσεται π. E.Ba. 1197 (lyr.); π. παῖδας ἐκδιδάσκεσθαι to have them educated overmuch, Id.Med. 295; περιττοτέρως τῶν ἄλλων far above all others, Isoc.3.44;περισσότερον τοῦ ἑνός Luc. Pr.Im.14
; alsoπερισσά Pi.N.7.43
, E.Hec. 579, etc.2 remarkably, περισσότερον τῶν ἄλλων θάψαι τινά more sumptuously, Hdt.2.129 ;οἴκησις π. ἐσκευασμένη Plb.1.29.7
; περιττότατα ἔχειν to be most remarkable, Arist.HA 589a31 ;κοσμουμένη π. καὶ σεμνῶς Plu.2.145e
; περισσότατα ἀνθρώπων θρησκεύειν in the most singular way, D.C.37.17; ἡδέως καὶ π. in an uncommon manner, D.H.Comp.3; εἰπεῖν στρογγύλως καὶ π. Id.Is.20 ; ἰδίως καὶ π. Plu.Thes.19 ; τὰ καινῶς ἱστορούμενα καὶ π. Id.2.30d.4 with a neg., οὐδὲν περισσὸν τούτων nothing more than or beyond these, Antipho 3.4.6 ; ; οὐδὲν π. ἢ εἰ .. no otherwise than if.., Id.Smp. 219c; περισσόν alone, furthermore, LXX Ec.12.12,al.II ἐκ περιττοῦ superfluously, uselessly, Pl.Prt. 338c, Sph. 265e ; but ὑπερέχειν ἐκ π. to be far superior, Id.Lg. 734d, cf. 802d ; ἡ κάμινος ἐκαύθη ἐκ π. Thd.Da.3.22;ἐκ π. χρησάμενος τῇ παρρησίᾳ Luc.
Pro Merc.Cond.13; cf. ὑπερεκπερισσοῦ.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > περισσός
-
30 ὑπερφίαλος
A overbearing, overweening, arrogant, of persons, freq. in Homer, in Il. of the Trojans, 13.621, 21.459, al.; in Od. of the Cyclopes, 9.106 (of the Cyclopes in good sense, B.10.78); more freq. of the suitors, Od.1.134, 2.310, al.;Γίγαντες B.14.62
; ὑ. γόνος, of a Centaur, Pi.P.2.42, cf. O.10(11).34, P.4.111; also θυμὸς ὑ. an arrogant spirit, Il.15.94; ἔπος, μῦθοι ὑ., Od.4.503, 774.—Orig. the word seems only to have signified puissant, without any bad sense, as is prob. from Od.21.289, where Antinous uses it of himself and the rest of the suitors, ὑπερφιάλοισι μεθ' ἡμῖν δαίνυσαι; and Aristarch. read ὑπερφίαλον for ὑπέρθυμον in Il.5.881: later writers also used it without any bad sense, δεσμὸς ὑ. a huge bond, Pi.Fr.92; οἶνον ὑπερφίαλον κελαρύζετε pour the noble wine, or pour it without stint, Ion Trag.10:—this notion appears most clearly in the Adv. ὑπερφιάλως, exceedingly, excessively,ὑ. νεμεσᾶν Il.13.293
, Od.17.481, 21.285;ἀνιάζειν Il.18.300
: but the Adv. also passed into the sense of haughtily, arrogantly, Od.1.227, 4.663, etc. (The old deriv. from ὑπὲρ φιάλην, running over (cf. Ion l.c.), is improbable, but modern explanations are unconvincing.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπερφίαλος
-
31 θλίβω
θλίβω fut. θλίψω; 1 aor. ἔθλιψα. Pass.: fut. 3 sg. θλιβήσεται Job 20:22; 2 aor. ἐθλίβην; pf. ptc. τεθλιμμένος (s. next entry; Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, pseudepigr.; Philo; Jos., Bell. 3, 330, Ant. 20, 111; SibOr; Mel., P. 80, 587).① to press or crowd close against, press upon, crowd τινά someone (Sir 16:28 v.l.; JosAs 23:8 τὸν πόδα) Mk 3:9 (cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 45, §194 ἐπιθλίβω τινά=crowd around someone).② to cause someth. to be constricted or narrow, press together, compress, make narrow (Dionys. Hal. 8, 73 βίοι τεθλιμμένοι, provisions that have become scarce; ὁ θεὸς ἔθλιψεν τὴν σελήνην GrBar 9:7); pass. of space that is limited (of small living quarters Theocr. 21, 18 θλιβομένα καλύβα= tight quarters; Lucian, Alex. 49 τ. πόλεως θλιβομένης ὑπὸ τ. πλήθους =the city jammed full w. a multitude) ἔν τινι τόπῳ τεθλιμμένῳ καὶ πεπληρωμένῳ ἑρπετῶν πονηρῶν a tight place and full of bad snakes = a place jammed full with bad snakes ApcPt 10:25 (the misery is twofold: tight quarters to begin with and being totally surrounded by snakes). Of a road (w. a corresp. στενὴ πύλη) ὁδὸς τεθλιμμένη a narrow, confined road and therefore a source of trouble or difficulty to those using it Mt 7:14 (TestAbr A 11 p. 88, 30 [Stone p. 24]; s. KBornhäuser, Die Bergpredigt 1923, 177ff); on the imagery s. AMattill, JBL 98, ’79, 531–46; Betz, SM 527: “The chances of failure are greater than the chances of success, a sobering message.”③ to cause to be troubled, oppress, afflict τινά someone (Dt 28:53; Lev 19:33; SibOr 3, 630) 2 Th 1:6. τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον oppress the Holy Spirit Hm 10, 2, 5; χρεώστας θ. oppress debtors 8:10.—Pass. be afflicted, distressed (UPZ 42, 22 [162 B.C.]; PsSol 1:1 al.) 2 Cor 1:6; 4:8; 7:5; Hb 11:37; Hm 2:5. θλιβείς by suffering B 7:11. θλιβεὶς τῇ γνώμῃ τινός distressed by someone’s scheming IPhld 6:2. ψυχὴ θλιβομένη distressed soul Hs 1:8 (PGM 1, 213 θλίβεταί[?] μου ἡ ψυχή; TestSol 1:4 θλιβομένης μου τῆς ψυχῆς; Mel., P. 80, 587; Proclus on Pla., Crat., 72, 3 Pasqu. δαίμονες θλίβουσι τ. ψυχάς; Nicetas Eugen. 2, 27 H. ψυχὴ τεθλιμμένη; cp. Philo, De Ios. 179). On Hs 8, 10, 4 s. Bonner 113 note.—Subst. ὁ θλιβόμενος the oppressed (one) (TestSol D 4, 11 παραμυθία των θ.; JosAs 12:11 τῶν θλιβομένων βοηθός; Diod S 13, 109, 5 οἱ θλιβόμενοι=those who were hard pressed) 1 Ti 5:10; ISm 6:2; B 20:2; D 5:2. Esp., as in some of the aforementioned pass., of the persecution of Christians 1 Th 3:4; 2 Th 1:7. θλιβῆναι πάσῃ θλίψει suffer every kind of affliction Hs 6, 3, 6; cp. 7:1ff; 8, 10, 4. ὑπὲρ τοῦ νόμου θλιβέντες persecuted for the law (i.e., for the way of life that is in accordance with the instructions of Jesus) 8, 3, 7.—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
32 ἀγαθός
ἀγαθός, ή, όν (Hom.+) Comp. ἀμείνων (not in NT, but e.g. PGM 5, 50; 6, 2; Jos., Bell. 5, 19, Ant. 11, 296) 1 Cl 57:2; IEph 13:2; 15:1; βελτίων, also κρείσσων, colloq. ἀγαθώτερος (Diod S 8 Fgm. 12, 8; Judg 11:25 B; 15:2 B) Hm 8:9, 11. Superl. ἄριστος (Jos., C. Ap. 2, 156, Ant. 16, 142; Ath., R. 72, 8); colloq. ἀγαθώτατος (Diod S 16, 85, 7; Philo Bybl. [c. 100 A.D.] s. below 2aα; Heliod. 5, 15, 2; Synes., Ep. 143; Jos., Bell. 2, 277) Hv 1, 2, 3.—Ael. Dion. α, 10 rejects the forms ἀγαθώτερος, -τατος as wholly foreign to Greek (B-D-F §61, 1). When used of pers., freq. in ref. to good citizenship or acceptance of communal responsibility (cp. the def. in Cleanthes 3 [Coll. Alex. p. 229]).① pert. to meeting a relatively high standard of quality, of things.ⓐ adj. useful, beneficial καρποί (Procop. Soph., Ep. 27; Sir 6:19; Da 4:12 LXX) Js 3:17. δένδρον Mt 7:17f. γῆ productive, fertile soil (X., Oec. 16, 7 γῆ ἀ.—γῆ κακή; Diod S 5, 41, 6; Arrian, Anab. 4, 28, 3; Jos., Ant. 5, 178) Lk 8:8; B 6:8, 10. δόματα beneficial (Sir 18:17) Mt 7:11; Lk 11:13. δόσις Js 1:17; λόγος ἀ. πρὸς οἰκοδομήν useful for edification Eph 4:29 (cp. X., Mem. 4, 6, 11; Chion, Ep. 3, 6 πρὸς ἀνδρείαν ἀμείνους; Isocr. 15, 284 ἄριστα πρὸς ἀρετήν); γνώμη ἀ. a gracious declaration 1 Cl 8:2; ἡμέραι ἀ. happy (Cass. Dio 51, 19; PGen 61, 10; Sir 14:14; 1 Macc 10:55) 1 Pt 3:10; 1 Cl 22:2 (both Ps 33:13; 34:12); cp. 50:4.ⓑ used as a pure subst.: sg. (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX), ἀγαθόν, οῦ, τό the good (Diog. L. 1, 105 ἀγαθόν τε καὶ φαῦλον=a good and bad thing at the same time. TestAbr A 4, p. 80, 32 [Stone p. 8] of food); opp. (τὸ) κακόν Did., Gen. 21, 5; pl. ἀγαθά, ῶν, τά good things, possessions.α. quite gener. τὰ ἀγαθά σου Lk 16:25 (cp. Job 21:13; En 103:3; PsSol 1:6, 5, 18; 17:44; 18:6; the opp. of τὰ κακά as Ephorus of Cyme [IV B.C.] περὶ ἀγαθῶν κ. κακῶν: 70 test. 1 Jac.; Diod S 18, 53, 1 ἀγαθῶν τε καὶ κακῶν μεταλαμβάνων; Job 2:10; s. SAalen NTS 13, ’66, 5 on En 98:9); τοιαῦτα ἀ. such fine things Hs 9, 10, 1.—ποιήσαι ταῦτα κ. περισσότερα ἀ. μεθʼ ἡμῶν to do these and far better things for us 1 Cl 61:3.β. possessions, treasures (Hdt. 2, 172 et al.; PRyl 28, 182 δεσπότης πολλῶν ἀγαθῶν κ. κτημάτων; Sir 14:4; Wsd 7:11; TestJob 4:8; SibOr 3, 660; 750) Lk 1:53 (Ps 106:9.—Amphis Com. Fgm. 28 [IV B.C.], in Athen. 3, 56, 100a, χορτάζομαι ἐν ἅπασιν ἀγαθοῖς; Sb 7517, 4 [211/12 A.D.] ἀγαθῶν πεπληρῶσθαι); Gal 6:6; Hv 3, 9, 6; τὰ ἀ. τῆς γῆς 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:19; cp. TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 18 [Stone p. 10] ἀ. τῶν ἐπιγείων); esp. of crops (Diod S 3, 46, 1 τὰ ἀ.=‘the good gifts’, specifically ‘products of nature’; likewise 19, 26, 3. Even more generally Synes., Kingship 16 p. 17d τὰ ἀ.=food; Philo, Op. M. 16, Mos. 1, 6) Lk 12:18f.γ. possessions of a higher order (Dio Chrys. 64 [14], 1 ἐλευθερία as μέγιστον τ. ἀγαθῶν; Ael. Aristid. 24, 4 K.=44 p. 825 D.: ὁμόνοια as μέγ. τῶν ἀ.; 45, 18 K.=8 p. 89 D.: τὰ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀγ. Diog. L. 6, 4 the priest promises the initiate into the Orphic mysteries πολλὰ ἐν ᾅδου ἀγαθά) Ro 3:8; 10:15 (Is 52:7).—Hb 9:11; 10:1; 2 Cl 6:6; 15:5.② pert. to meeting a high standard of worth and merit, goodⓐ as adj.α. of humans and deities (the primary focus is on usefulness to humans and society in general, so Pind.+, s. AAdkins Merit and Responsibility ’60, 189f) beneficent, of God (Dio Chrys. 80 [30], 26 οἱ θεοί; Zoroaster in Philo Bybl.: 790 Fgm. 4, 52 Jac. [Eus. PE 1, 10, 52] God is ἀγαθῶν ἀγαθώτατος. Sallust. 1 πᾶς θεὸς ἀγαθός; contrast Did., Gen. 109, 3 ὁ διάβολος οὐ φύσει κακός … ἐστίν, ἀλλὰ … ἀγαθὸς γέγονεν.—Cp. IKosPH 92, 6f which calls Nero ἀ. θεός, ἀγαθὸς δαίμων [OGI 666, 3; POxy 1021, 8, both referring to Nero; POxy 1449, 4; s. also JKroll, D. Lehren d. Hermes Trismeg. 1914, 90; Rtzst., Erlösungsmyst. 189; 191ff] and Sb 349 θεῷ ἀγαθῷ Διὶ Ἡλίῳ; Philo, Leg. All. 1, 47 al.; Celsus 4, 14) Mt 19:17b (in Cleanthes, Stoic. I 127, 3ff [Eus. PE 13, 13, 37], a description of God follows the question τἀγαθὸν ἐρωτᾷς μʼ οἷόν ἐστʼ; cp. Orig., C.Cels. 3, 70, 9; Did., Gen. 98, 28); Mk 10:18b (Unknown Sayings 33–36); Lk 18:19b; Dg 8:8 (on these passages cp. Simonid., Fgm. 4, 6f χαλεπὸν ἐσθλὸν [=ἀγαθός ln. 10] ἔμμεναι; 7 θεὸς ἂν μόνος τοῦτʼ ἔχοι γέρας); μόνος ἀ. ἐστιν ibid.; πατὴρ ἀ. 1 Cl 56:16 (Philo, Op. M. 21 ἀ. εἶναι τὸν πατέρα κ. ποιητήν); ἀ. ἐν τ. ὁρωμένοις good in the visible world 60:1.—Of Christ Mk 10:17, 18a (DomGMurray, Downside Review 103, ’85, 144–46, w. ref. to Pirke Aboth 6, 3); Lk 18:18, 19a (WWagner, ZNW 8, 1907, 143–61; FSpitta, ibid. 9, 1908, 12–20; BWarfield, PTR 12, 1914, 177–228; WCaspari, Christent. u. Wissensch. 8, ’32, 218–31.—Cp. also the saying of Pythagoras in Diog. L., Prooem. 12, who does not wish to be called σοφός because μηδένα εἶναι σοφὸν ἀλλʼ ἢ θεόν); J 7:12.—Of humans, other than Jesus Mt 12:35; Ro 5:7; D 3:8; νομοθέται B 21:4; πονηροί τε καὶ ἀ. good and bad designating a motley crowd Mt 22:10. Same contrast 5:45 (cp. Jos., Ant. 8, 314). βελτίονα ποιεῖν make better 1 Cl 19:1; βελτίω γενέσθαι become better Dg 1; kind, generous (X., Cyr. 3, 3, 4; CIG 37, 49) Mt 20:15 (in Mk 10:17f=Lk 18:18 [s. above] it is understood as kind by JWellhausen, EKlostermann, Billerb., Wagner, Spitta, Dalman [Worte 277], EHirsch [D. Werden des Mk ’41, 246]); δεσπόται benevolent 1 Pt 2:18 (cp. PLips 40 II, 19, where a slave says ὁ ἀγαθὸς δεσπότης μου). δοῦλος (Heraclitus, Ep. 9, 3 [p. 212, 4 Malherbe]) Mt 25:21, 23; Lk 19:17. ἀνήρ (Teles p. 16, 6; Diod S 20, 58, 1; Epict. 3, 24, 51 al.; PLond I, 113/1, 8 p. 201; 2 Macc 15:12; 4 Macc 4:1; Jos., Bell. 5, 413, Ant. 18, 117; JGerlach, ΑΝΗΡ ΑΓΑΘΟΣ, diss. Munich ’32) Lk 23:50; Ac 11:24; νέαι Tit 2:5. ἀπόστολοι superb 1 Cl 5:3.β. of things characterized esp. in terms of social significance and worth, πνεῦμα Lk 11:13 v.l.; ἐντολή Ro 7:12 (Ps.-Archytas [IV B.C.] in Stob., Ecl. 4, 138, IV 85, 17 H. νόμος ἀ. καὶ καλός); ἀγγελία (Pr 25:25) Hv 3, 13, 2; παιδεία Hs 6, 3, 6; μνεία ἀ. kindly remembrance 1 Th 3:6 (2 Macc 7:20 μνήμη ἀ.); ἐλπίς dependable (Pla., Rep. 331a; Chariton 7, 5, 10; Jos., Ant. 14, 96) 2 Th 2:16; μερὶς ἀ. the better part Lk 10:42; πρᾶξις (Democr. 177 πρῆξις; Did., Gen. 69, 7) 1 Cl 30:7; συνείδησις clear Ac 23:1; 1 Ti 1:5, 19; 1 Pt 2:19 v.l.; 3:16, 21; 1 Cl 41:1; διάνοια Hm 5, 2, 7; ἐπιθυμία (Pr 11:23; 13:12) pure (i.e. directed toward pure things) desire m 12, 1, 1f; 2:4f; 3:1; γνώμη ἀ. good intention B 21:2; ἀ. ἐν Χριστῷ ἀναστροφή admirable Christian conduct 1 Pt 3:16; ἀ. θησαυρός Mt 12:35; Lk 6:45; καρδία καλὴ καὶ ἀ. 8:15; ἔργον (Thu. 5, 63, 3; PCairMasp 151, 237) a good deed 2 Cor 9:8; Col 1:10; 1 Ti 5:10; 2 Ti 2:21; 3:17; Tit 1:16; 3:1; 1 Cl 2:7; 33:1; 34:4. Pl. ἔργα ἀ. (Empedocles [V B.C.] 112, 2) 1 Ti 2:10; also specif. of benefactions (w. ἐλεημοσύναι) Ac 9:36; 1 Cl 33:7; ἐν παντὶ ἔργῳ κ. λόγῳ ἀ. (for this Hellenic formulation cp. Lk 24:19; Ac 7:22; for the simple λόγος ἀ. s. 3Km 8:56; 4 Km 20:19; Is 39:8) 2 Th 2:17; ὑπομονὴ ἔργου ἀ. persistency in doing right Ro 2:7.ⓑ as subst., sg. (s. 1b). Opp. (τὸ) κακόν Did., Gen. 21, 5; 27, 5.α. that which is beneficial or helpful ἐργάζεσθαι τὸ ἀ. do what is good Ro 2:10; Hm 4, 2, 2; 7:4; also specif. of benefaction Gal 6:10 and of socially acceptable work Eph 4:28; Hm 2:4; τὸ ἀ. ποιεῖν (cp. Jos., Bell. 1, 392) Ro 13:3b; Hm 8:12; cp. 6, 2, 8.—Mt 19:17a; Ro 7:13; 12:9; 16:19; 1 Th 5:15; 1 Pt 3:13; 1 Cl 21:6; 2 Cl 13:1; Hm 8:2, 7.β. τὰ ἀ. (ἀληθινὰ ἀ. Orig., C. Cels 7, 21, 10) good deeds J 5:29; cp. Hm 10, 3, 1 (TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 28 [Stone p. 22] ἀγαθά τε καὶ πονηρά).—B. 1176. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv. -
33 κεφαλή
κεφᾰλή, ἡ,A head of man or beast, Hom. (v.infr.), Alc.15, etc.; once in A., Th. 525 (lyr.), once in S., Aj. 238 (anap.), also in E., Fr. 308 (anap.), Rh. 226 (lyr.), al.;ἄλλου οὐδενὸς ἐμψύχου κ. γεύσεται Αἰγυπτίων οὐδείς Hdt.2.39
; κεφαλῇ.. μείζονες taller in stature, Il.3.168; so μείων.. κεφαλήν ib. 193 Aristarch.: freq. with Preps.,a κατὰ κεφαλῆς, [dialect] Ep. κὰκ κεφαλῆς, down over the head,κόνιν.. χεύατο κὰκ κεφαλῆς Il.18.24
, cf. Od.8.85, etc.b κατὰ κεφαλήν, [dialect] Ep. κὰκ κεφαλήν on the head,Ἐρύλαον.. βάλε πέτρῳ μέσσην κὰκ κεφαλήν Il.16.412
, cf. 20.387, 475: in Prose, from above, X.HG7.2.8: c.gen., above, κ. κ. τινῶν γενέσθαι ib.7.2.11; τὸ κ. κ. ὕδωρ, of rain water, Thphr. HP4.10.7 (-ὴν codd.), CP6.18.10 (-ῆς): in Archit., upright, IG22.463.42; also, per head, each person (cf. infr. 1.2), Arist.Pol. 1272a14, LXX Ex.16.16;κατὰ κεφαλὴν τῶν κωμητῶν PPetr.2p.17
(iii B. C.).c ἐς πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς from head to foot, Il.23.169;τὰ πράγματα ἐκ τῶν ποδῶν ἐς τὴν κ. σοι πάντ' ἐρῶ Ar.Pl. 650
.d ἐπὶ κεφαλήν head foremost, ἐπὶ κ. κατορύξαι to bury head downwards, Hdt.3.35; ἐπὶ κ. ὠθέεσθαι to be thrust headlong, Id.7.136, cf. Hyp.Fr. 251;ἐπὶ κ. ὠθεῖν τινα ἐκ τοῦ θρόνου Pl.R. 553b
;ἐπὶ τὴν κ. εἰς κόρακας ὦσον Men.Sam. 138
;εὐθὺς ἐπὶ κ. εἰς τὸ δικαστήριον βαδίζειν D.42.12
; οὐ βουλόμενος πολίτας ἄνδρας ἐπὶ κ. εἰσπράττειν τὸν μισθόν recklessly, Hyp.Lyc.17; ἐπὶ ταῖς κεφαλαῖς περιφέρειν carry on high, in token of admiration, Pl. R. 600d.2 as the noblest part, periphr. for the whole person,πολλὰς ἰφθίμους κ. Il.11.55
, cf. Od.1.343, etc.; ἶσον ἐμῇ κ. no less than my self, Il.18.82;ἑᾷ κ. Pi.O.7.67
; esp. in salutation,φίλη κ. Il.8.281
, cf. 18.114;ἠθείη κ. 23.94
;Ἄπολλον, ὦ δία κ. E.Rh. 226
(lyr.): in Prose,Φαῖδρε, φίλη κ. Pl.Phdr. 264a
;τῆς θείας κ. Jul.Or. 7.212a
: in bad sense,ὦ κακαὶ κεφαλαί Hdt.3.29
;ὦ μιαρὰ κ. Ar.Ach. 285
: periphr. in Prose, : in bad sense,ἡ μιαρὰ καὶ ἀναιδὴς αὕτη κ. D.21.117
, cf. 18.153;ἡ κ. τῶν αὐτοῦ PRein.57.8
(iv A.D.); μεγάλη κ. a great personage, Vett. Val.74.7; cf. supr. 1 b fin.3 life,ἐμῇ κ. περιδείδια Il.17.242
;σύν τε μεγάλῳ ἀπέτεισαν, σὺν σφῇσιν κεφαλῇσι 4.162
; παρθέμενοι κεφαλάς staking their heads on the cast, Od.2.237; τὴν κ.ἀποβαλέεις Hdt.8.65
.4 in imprecations, ἐς κεφαλὴν τράποιτ' ἐμοί on my head be it! Ar.Ach. 833;ἐς τὴν κ. ἅπαντα τὴν σὴν τρέψεται Id.Nu.40
;ἃ σοὶ καὶ τοῖς σοῖς οἱ θεοὶ τρέψειαν εἰς κ. D.18.290
; ἐς κ. σοί (sc. τράποιτο) Ar. Pax 1063, Pl. 526;σοὶ εἰς κ. Pl.Euthd. 283e
;τὰ μὲν πρότερον.. ἐγὼ κεφαλῇ ἀναμάξας φέρω Hdt.1.155
;οἷς ἂν.. τὴν αἰτίαν ἐπὶ τὴν κ. ἀναθεῖεν D.18.294
;τὸ αἷμα ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τὴν κ. ὑμῶν Act.Ap. 18.6
.II of things, extremity,a in Botany, κ. σκορόδου head ( = inflorescence) of garlic, Ar.Pl. 718, cf. Plb.12.6.4;κ. μήκωνος Thphr.HP9.8.2
; ῥίζα κ. ἔχουσα πλείονας tubers, Dsc.3.120.b in Anatomy, κεφαλαὶ τῆς κάτω γνάθου, prob. the condyloid and coronoid processes, Hp.Art.30; ἡ κ. τοῦ ὄρχεως, = ἐπιδιδυμίς, Arist.HA 510a14, cf. Gal.4.565; μηροῦ, κνήμης κ., Poll.2.186, 188; of the base of the heart, Gal.UP6.16; but, apex, Hp.Cord.7; of the sac in poulps, Arist.PA 654a23, 685a5; of muscles, origin, Gal.UP7.14.c generally, top, brim of a vessel, Theoc.8.87; coping of a wall, X.Cyr.3.3.68; capital of a column, CIG2782.31 ([place name] Aphrodisias), LXX 3 Ki.7.16, Poll.7.121.d in pl., source of a river, Hdt.4.91 (butsg., mouth,οἶδα Γέλα ποταμοῦ κεφαλῇ ἐπικείμενον ἄστυ Call.Aet.Oxy.2080.48
): generally, source, origin, Ζεὺς κ. (v.l. ἀρχή) , Ζεὺς μέσσα, Διὸς δ' ἒκ πάντα τελεῖται τέτυκται codd.) Orph.Fr. 21a; starting-point,κ. χρόνου Placit. 2.32.2
( κρόνου codd.), Lyd.Mens.3.4; κ. μηνός ib.12.IV κ. περίθετος wig, head-dress, Ar.Th. 258.V metaph., κ. δείπνου pièce de résistance, Alex. 172.15.2 crown, completion,κεφαλὴν ἐπιθεῖναι Pl.Ti. 69b
;ὥσπερ κ. ἀποδοῦναι τοῖς εἰρημένοις Id.Phlb. 66d
, cf. Grg. 505d;ὥσπερ κεφαλὴν ἔχουσα ἐπιστήμη Arist.EN 1141a19
; consummation,σχεῖν κ. Pl.Ti. 39d
.3 sum, total,πάσας ἐρρηγείας Tab.Heracl.1.36
; of money, IG12(9).7 (Carystus, iv B. C.), SIG245ii 36 (Delph., iv B. C.). -
34 μοχθηρός
A suffering hardship, in sore distress, wretched, of persons, A.Th. 257;ὦ πόλλ' ἐγὼ μ. S.Ph. 254
; ὦ μόχθηρε σύ poor wretch! Ar. Ach. 165, Ra. 1175; ; of conditions,μοχθηρῆς ἐούσης τῆς ζόης Hdt.7.46
; μοχθηρὰ τλῆναι suffer hardships, A.Ch. 752. Adv., σῶμα μοχθηρῶς διακείμενον in a bad way, Pl.Grg. 504e; ζῆν μ. ib. 505a;μ. ἔχειν Arist.Pol. 1254b1
: [comp] Comp.,μοχθηροτέρως ἔχειν Pl.R. 343e
: [comp] Sup. - ότατα, διακείμενοι Id.Erx. 406
.2 in bad condition, ;ἱμάτιον Cratin.207
; ; καταλαβὼν μοχθηρὰ τὰ πράγματα finding trade in a bad state, D.34.8;μ. ἐλπίδας ἔχειν Din. 1.107
;μ. τραγῳδία Arist.Metaph. 1090b20
; ; ;ἀγωγή PTeb.24.57
(ii B. C.); of persons, inferior, μ. (v.l. πονηρ-) ; also, of appearance, μοχθηρὸς τὴν ἰδέαν ugly, And.1.100; of arguments, unsound, fallacious, S.E.P.2.111; of persons, mistaken, Anon.Lond.27.24: so in Adv. -ρῶς, κρίνομεν S.E.M.7.210
.II most freq. of persons, in moral sense, knavish, rascally, Th.8.73, etc.; , cf. Pl.Men. 91e;τοὺς τρόπους μ. Ar.Pl. 1003
; of acts, etc.,μ. τι πράσσειν Trag.Adesp.510
;ὑφοψία μ. OGI315.58
(Pessinus, ii B. C.);ῥῆμα μ. SIG1175.5
(Piraeus, iv/iii B. C.);μοχθηρότερα λεγόντων X.HG1.4.13
(v.l. - ότερον Adv. [comp] Comp.).—Some Gramm. write μόχθηρος, πόνηρος in signf. 1, μοχθηρός, πονηρός in signf. 11, Ammon.Diff.p.94 V., Arc.71.16, but Hdn.Gr.1.197 (ap.Eust.341.14 ) argues that like other Adjs. in - ρος these words ought to be oxyt. in both senses. In the voc. the best codd. always give μόχθηρε, Ar.Ach. 165,Ra. 1175, Pl. 391; cf. πονηρός.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μοχθηρός
-
35 ὄγκος
ὄγκος (A), ὁ,A barb of an arrow, in pl., the barbed points,νεῦρόν τε καὶ ὄγκους Il.4.151
, cf. 214 ;ὄγκοι τοῦ βέλους Philostr.Im.2.23
: sg., Onos.19.3.------------------------------------ὄγκος (B), ὁ,A bulk, size, mass of a body,μελέων ἀριδείκετον ὄ. Emp. 20.1
;ἀέρος ὄ. Id.100.13
;σφαίρης ἐναλίγκιον ὄγκῳ Parm.8.43
: freq. in Pl., ; τὸν.. ὄ. τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ their total number, Lg. 737c ; τὸν τῶν σαρκῶν ὄ. ib. 959c ; σμικρᾶς πόλεως ὄ. a city of small size, Plt. 259b ;ἔχθρας ὄ. μέγαν Lg. 843b
; θαυμαστὸν ὄ. ἀράμενοι τοῦ μύθου taking on my shoulders a monstrous great story, Plt. 277b, etc.: freq. also in Arist., the space filled by a body, opp. τὸ κενόν, Ph. 203b28, al. ;ἴσος τὸν ὄ.
in bulk, GC ; , etc.b flatulent distentions, Diocl.Fr.43 (pl.).2 bulk, mass, body, ὄ. φρυγάνων a heap of faggots, Hdt. 4.62 ; ὄ. μαλθακός mass or roll of something soft, Hp.Art.26 ; σμικρὸς ὄ. ἐν σμικρῷ κύτει, of a dead man's ashes, S.El. 1142 ; γαστρὸς ὄ., of a child in the womb, E. Ion15 ;ὄ. πλήρης φλεβίων Arist.HA 515b1
: pl., bodies, material substances,Id.
Metaph. 1085a12, 1089b14 ; also ὁ ὄ. τῆς φωνῆς the volume of the note, Id.Aud. 804a15.3 a bushy top-knot, Poll.4.133.4 the human body,τῆς χολῆς ἀναχεομένης εἰς τὸν ὄ. Ruf.Anat.30
, cf. Sor.1.26, Plu.2.653f, Gal.1.272.II metaph., bulk, weight, trouble,βραχεῖ σὺν ὄ. S.OC 1341
.2 weight, dignity, pride, and in bad sense, self-importance, pretension, ὄ. ὀνόματος μητρῷος pride in the name of mother, Id.Tr. 817 ; ὄγκον αἴρειν exalt one's dignity, Id.Aj. 129 ;βραχὺν.. μῦθον οὐκ ὄγκου πλέων
of pretension,Id.
OC 1162 ;μείζον' ὄ. δορὸς ἤ φρενῶν E. Tr. 1158
;ἔχει τιν' ὄ. Ἄργος Ἑλλήνων πάρα Id.Ph. 717
;ἐς ὄ. βλέπειν τύχης Id.Fr.81
;τοῖς ζῶσι δ' ὄγκος Id.Rh. 760
;ὁ τῶν ὑπεροπτικῶν ὄ. Isoc.1.30
;τῷ.. γένους ὄγκῳ Pl.Alc.1.121b
;πραγμάτων ὄ. Epicur. Fr. 548
;τῆς ἀρχῆς τὸ μέγεθος καὶ ὁ ὄ. Plu.Fab.4
;ὄγκον περιθεῖναί τινι Id.Per.4
, etc.3 of style, loftiness, majesty,ὄ. τῆς λέξεως Arist. Rh. 1407b26
;ὁ τοῦ ποιήματος ὄ. Id.Po. 1459b28
, cf. Demetr.Eloc.36, al.: in bad sense, bombast,ὁ Αἰσχύλου ὄ. Plu.2.79b
.III in Philos., particle, mass, body, Epicur.Ep.1p.16U., Nat.12G., Asclep. Bith. ap. S.E.M.9.363 ; so in the physiology of the Methodics, ὄγκοι καὶ πόροι, = molecules and pores, Id. ap. Gal.1.499.------------------------------------A v. ὀγκηρός fin. -
36 κρείσσων
κρείσσων, ον, gen. ονος, as always in [dialect] Ep. and old [dialect] Att.; later [dialect] Att. [full] κρείττων; [dialect] Ion. [full] κρέσσων Hp.Fract.3, al., v.l. in Dionys.Trag. (v. infr. 11); [dialect] Dor. [full] κάρρων (q.v.); Cret. [full] κάρτων Leg.Gort.1.15:—[comp] Comp. of κρατύς (v. κράτιστος),A stronger, mightier,κ. βασιλεύς, ὅτε χώσεται ἀνδρὶ χέρηϊ Il.1.80
; esp. in battle,κρείσσοσιν ἶφι μάχεσθαι 21.486
;Διὸς κ. νόος ἠέ περ ἀνδρῶν 16.688
;κεραυνοῦ κρέσσον.. βέλος Pi.I.8(7).36
, cf. Hdt.7.172, Hp.l.c., etc.;κρείσσων χεῖρας Antipho 4.4.7
;τὸ τοῦ κ. συμφέρον Pl.R. 338c
, cf. Democr.267: hence, having the upper hand, superior,ὁππότερος δέ κε νικήσῃ κ. τε γένηται Il.3.71
;κ. ἀρετῇ τε βίῃ τε 23.578
: as Law-term, of witnesses, prevail,Leg.Gort.
l.c.2 freq. as [comp] Comp. of ἀγαθός, better, κρέσσονες one's betters, esp. in point of rank, Pi.O.10(11).39, N.10.72 (but also, the stronger, more powerful, E.Or. 710, Th.1.8, etc.); , cf. SIG685.134 (Magn. Mae., ii B. C.); οἱ κ. corps of guards at Thebes, Plu.2.598e; κρείσσονες θεοί, of the greater gods, as opp. to Oceanus, A.Pr. 902 (lyr.);ὁ κ. Ζεύς Id.Ag.60
(anap.); οἱ κ. the Higher Powers, Id.Fr.10, Pl.Sph. 216b, Euthd. 291a, etc.; τὰ κρείσσω, = τὰ θεῖα, E. Ion 973; τὸ κ. the Almighty, Providence, Corp.Herm.18.11, Jul.Ep. 204, Agath.1.16, Procop.Gaz. Pan.p.492; τὰ κρείσσονα one's advantages, .3 c. inf., οὔ τις ἐμεῖο κρείσσων.. δόμεναι no one has a better right to.., Od.21.345;οὐκ ἄλλος κ. παραμυθεῖσθαι Pl. Plt. 268b
; κρεῖσσόν ἐστι c. inf., 'tis better to..,κ. γάρ ἐστιν εἰσάπαξ θανεῖν ἢ.. πάσχειν κακῶς A.Pr. 750
, cf. 624, Hdt.3.52, etc.;τὸ μὴ εἶναι κ. ἢ τὸ ζῆν κακῶς S.Fr. 488
, cf. Apollod.Com.6; also κρείσσων εἰμί c. part., κ. γὰρ ἦσθα μηκέτ' ὢν ἢ ζῶν τυφλός thou wert better not alive, than living blind, S.OT 1368, cf. Aj. 635 (lyr.);κ. ἦν ὁ ἀγὼν μὴ γεγενημένος Aeschin.1.192
, cf. D.H.6.9.II c. gen. or ἤ, too great for, surpassing, beyond,ὕψος κ. ἐκπηδήματος A.Ag. 1376
; of evil deeds, κρείσσον' ἀγχόνης too bad for hanging, S.OT 1374; κρεῖσσον δεργμάτων too bad to look on, E.Hipp. 1217; ; λέγετι σιγῆς κρεῖσσον ()ἢ σιγὴν ἔχε Dionys.Trag. 6
;κρείσσον' ἢ λέξαι λόγῳ τολμήματα E.Supp. 844
; κ. ἢ λόγοισιν (sc. εἰπεῖν) Id.IT 837;ἀναρχία κ. πυρός Id.Hec. 608
; πρᾶγμα ἐλπίδος κ. γεγενημένον worse than one expected, Th.2.64;κ. λόγου τὸ κάλλος X.Mem.3.11.1
;κ. τῆς ἡμετέρας δυνάμεως Id.Cyr.7.5.9
.III having control over, master of, esp. of desires and passions,τῶν ἡδονῶν Democr.214
;τοῦ ἔρωτος X.Cyr.6.1.34
; γαστρὸς καὶ κερδέων ib.4.2.45; αὑτῶν over themselves, Pl.Phdr. 232a, al.; κ. χρημάτων superior to the influence of money, Th.2.60, Isoc.1.19;τῶν συμμάχων κ. X. Ath.2.1
; also, putting oneself above,κ. τοῦ δικαίου Th.3.84
; κρείσσους ὄντες.. τῷ λογισμῷ ἐς τὸ ἀνέλπιστον τοῦ βεβαίου having reasoned themselves into an absolute belief of the hopelessness of certainty, ib.83; φαύλους καὶ κρείττους τῆς παιδείας, = οὓς παιδευθῆναι ἀδύνατον (just below), Arist.Pol. 1316a9.IV better, more excellent,ἁρμονίη ἀφανὴς φανερῆς κ. Heraclit.54
;κ. ἐπ' ἀρετήν Democr.181
; ὁ κρείττων λόγος (opp. ὁ ἥσσων) Ar.Nu. 113; κατὰ τὸ κ. in a higher sense, opp. κατὰ τὸ χεῖρον, Dam.Pr.7.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κρείσσων
-
37 κακός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `bad, awful, worthless' (Il.).Compounds: Often as 1. member (opposion to εὖ); also as 2. member, e. g. ἄ-κακος `who does not know what is bad, unguilty' (bahuvrihi; Sapph., A.); also ἀ-κάκᾱς (Dor.) adjunct of Hades (Megara), of Dareios (A. Pers. 855 [lyr.]), cf. Chantraine Formation 28 (hardly correct Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 187 n. 2).Derivatives:. Comp forms: κακώτερος (Il.), κακίων, κάκιστος (Il.; after ἄριστος, Seiler 100f.; s. also Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 259). Abstracts: 1. κακότης `badness' (Il.); 2. κακία `id.' (Thgn., Att.; on κακότης: κακία Porzig Satzinhalte 212); 3. κάκη `bad character, cowardice' (A., E.); after πάθη, βλάβη, cf. Frisk Eranos 43, 221; as 2. member in στομα-κάκη a disease of mouth and teeth (Str., Plin.). - Denomin. verbs. 1. κακίζω `revile', - ίζομαι `behave badly, be coward' (Il.) with κακισμός (Phld., Str.), κάκισις (Vett. Val.) `scorn'; 2. κακόω `do wrong, damage,' (Il.) with κάκωσις `maltreat, damage' (IA.), κακωτής `damager', κακωτικός `damaging, harmful' (Ph., Vett. Val.); 3. κακύνομαι, - ύνω `prove bad, cowardly, damage' (E., Pl.; Schwyzer 733).Origin: XX [etym. unknown] (PGX)Etymology: No clear etymology, originally no doubt an expressive word of the (lower) popular language. Often compared with κακκάω (Prellwitz, Güntert Reimwortbildungen 83); even less probable or quite impossible proposals in Bq; see Scheftelowitz ZII 6, 119. - New Phryg. κακο(υ)ν is a Greek LW [loanword], Solmsen KZ 34, 52 n. 4, Hirt Idg. 2, 596; diff. Meillet MSL 15, 340. Is it Pre-Greek?Page in Frisk: 1,758-759Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κακός
-
38 περιπέτεια
A turning right about, reversal of the normal order, Arist.HA 590b13 ; esp. sudden change of condition or fortune, Id.Rh. 1371b10 ;π. τύχης D.S.8.10
; mostly from good to bad, Plb.1.13.11, etc.: less freq. from bad to good, Id.21.26.16, D.S. 4.43 : generally, any strange occurrence, unexpected event, Plb.9.12.6, 38.9.2, D.S.3.57, etc. ; ἐκ π. Arist.Po. 1454b29, cf. Plb.32.8.4, Sch. BTIl.2.156.2 esp. sudden reversal of circumstances on which the plot in a Tragedy hinges, such as Oedipus' discovery of his parentage,ἔστι δὲ π. ἡ εἰς τὸ ἐναντίον τῶν πραττομένων μεταβολή Arist.Po. 1452a22
, cf. 1450a34(pl.).3 ἡ π. τοῦ λόγου the varied course of the argument, Olymp.in Mete.98.12, 274.28 : but in pl., of cheap sensational effects, Phld.Po.5.33.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > περιπέτεια
-
39 φαῦλος
A cheap, easy, slight, paltry, first found commonly in E., twicein Hdt.1.26, 126 ([comp] Comp., elsewh. φλαῦρος), six times in Democr., Fr.87, al., twice in S., Frr.41,771: Adv. φαύλως once in A.: A. Pers. 520.I of things, easy, slight,φ. ἀθλήσας πόνον E.Supp. 317
; φαυλότατον ἔργον ''tis as easy as lying', Ar.Eq. 213;φ. πρᾶγμα Id.Lys.14
;τὸ ζήτημα οὐ φ. Pl.R. 368c
;φ. ἐρώτημα Id.Phlb. 19a
; : freq. with negat., οὐ φ., ἀλλὰ χαλεπὸν πιστεῦσαι ib. 527d;μάχη οὐ φ. Id.Tht. 179d
;οὐ φ. τέχνη Id.Sph. 223c
; οὔτοι βασιλέα φαῦλόν [ἐστι] κτανεῖν 'tis no slight matter to kill a king, E.El. 760; νυκτὸς γὰρ οὔτι φ. ἐμβαλεῖν στρατόν no easy matter, Id.Rh. 285;οὐ φ. πληγαί D.54.13
; ; φαῦλα ἐπιφέρειν bring paltry charges, Hdt.1.26; τὰ φ. νικήσας ἔχω have gained petty victories, S.Fr.41 (wrongly glossed by μέγα in Phot., Suid., and EM789.43, cf. Hsch); σύμμαχον Τροίᾳ μολόντα Ῥῆσον οὐ φαύλῳ τρόπῳ, i. e. with no trivial force, E.Rh. 599;παρὰ φαῦλον ποιεῖσθαί τι D.H.Rh.4.2
, cf. Lib.Or.14.26. Adv. -λως εὑρεῖν, τυχεῖν, Ar.Eq. 404 (troch.), 509 (anap.);φ. πάνυ Id.Lys. 566
(anap.); φ. ἐκφυγεῖν to get off easily, Id.Ach. 215 (lyr.);φ. ἀποδράς Id.Th. 711
(lyr.);φαυλότατα καὶ ῥᾷστα Id.Nu. 778
; οὔτι φαύλως ἦλθε with no trivial force, E.Ph. 112;φ. βοηθήσειν D.15.13
;φαύλως καὶ γλίσχρως παρείχοντο χρήματα Hell.Oxy.14.2
; τὰς ἐλπίδας φ. ἔχειν to be slight, Hdn.1.3.1.2 simple, ordinary,δίαιτα Hp.Fract.36
, Art.49, Eur.Fr.213.4;σῖτα καὶ ποτὰ φαυλότατα X.Mem.1.6.2
, cf. Hp. Vict.3.68 ([comp] Comp.); but freq. with sense poor, indifferent,στρατιά Th.6.21
; ἀσπίδες, τείχισμα, παρασκευή, Id.4.9.115, 6.31;ἱμάτιον X.
l. c. Adv.-λως, διατρίβειν ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ Pl.Tht. 173c
;μὴ φ. μηδὲ ἰδιωτικῶς Id.Lg. 966e
.3 mean, bad,πρῆξις Democr.177
; ,ψόγος Id.Ph.94
(perh. both in signf. 1.1 and in 1.3);οὐ φ. ὄψις Pl.R. 519a
;φ. δόξα D.24.205
;τὰ πράγματ' ἐστὶ φ. Id.19.30
;φαῦλα διαπεπραγμένος Philem.229
;ὁ φαῦλα πράττων Ev.Jo.3.20
;μηδὲ πραξάντων τι ἀγαθὸν ἢ φ. Ep.Rom.9.11
;τὸ φ.
evil,E.
IT 390; τὰ φ., opp. τὰ ἀγαθά, X.Smp.4.47; τύχη φ., opp. ἀγαθή, Arist.Ph. 197a26, cf. Metaph. 1065a35;τὴν πόλιν μηθὲμ φ. παθεῖν OGI765.35
([place name] Priene); κομίσασθαι.. εἴτε ἀγαθὸν εἴτε φ., of rewards and punishments, 2 Ep.Cor.5.10;φ. μαίωσις Sor.2.17
, cf. 1.91, al.II of persons, low in rank, mean, common, E.Fr. 688; οἱ φαυλότατοι the commonest sort (of soldiers), Th.7.77; [γάμος] ὁ ἐκ τῶν φαυλοτέρων, opp. ἐκ μειζόνων, X.Hier.1.27, cf. Pl.R. 475b; of outward looks, the plainer ones,Ar.
Ec. 617, cf. 626 ([comp] Comp., both anap.).2 inefficient, bad,διδάσκαλος S.Fr.771.3
; τὸ φ. καὶ τὸ μέσον καὶ τὸ πάνυ ἀκριβές the inefficient, the middling, and the perfect, Th.6.18; φ. αὐλητής, opp. ἀγαθός, Pl.Prt. 327c; ; ; opp. σπουδαῖος, Isoc.1.1, Pl.Lg. 757a, etc.; esp. in point of education and accomplishments, opp.σοφός, οἱ γὰρ ἐν σοφοῖς φαῦλοι παρ' ὄχλῳ μουσικώτεροι λέγειν E.Hipp. 989
, cf. Ph. 496, Ion 834, Pl.Smp. 174c, Alc.1.129a;τὸ πλῆθος τὸ -ότερον E.Ba. 431
(lyr.); οἱ -ότεροι, opp. to οἱ ξυνετώτεροι, Th.3.37; οἱ φαυλότεροι γνώμην ib.83;τὰ γράμματα φαῦλοι Pl.Phdr. 242c
(so in Adv.,φαυλοτέρως πεπαιδευμένοι Id.Lg. 876d
); generally, inferior, Id.Grg. 483c: c. inf.,φαῦλοι μάχεσθαι E.IT 305
; φ. λέγειν, φ. διαλεχθῆναι, Pl.Tht. 181b, Prt. 336c: of animals,φ. κύων D.26.22
;φαυλότατοι ἵπποι X.Mem.4.1.3
.3 careless, thoughtless, indifferent, E.Med. 807:—esp. in Adv., φαύλως ἐκρίνατε judged lightly, A.Pers. 520;φ. εὕδειν E.Rh. 769
; ;φ. παραινεῖν
off-hand,Id.
HF89; off-hand, roughly,Ar.
V. 656 (anap.);φ. εἰπεῖν
casually,Pl.
R. 449c; φ. φέρειν to bear lightly, E. IA 850, Ar.Av. 961.4 in good sense, simple, unaffected,φαῦλον, ἄκομψον, τὰ μέγιστ' ἀγαθόν E.Fr. 473
(anap.), cf. D.L.3.63. Adv.-λως, παιδεύειν τινά
by a very simple method,X.
Oec.13.4;φ. καὶ βραχέως ἀποκρίνασθαι Pl.Tht. 147c
.5 of health, etc., φαύλως ἔχειν to be ill, Hp.Aph.2.32; φ. πράττειν to be in sorry plight, Men. Sam. 165;φ. ἔχει τὰ πράγματα D.10.3
, al. -
40 ἐπαυρέω
A ,ἐπαυρίσκουσι Thgn.111
: [tense] aor.ἐπαῦρον Pi.P.3.36
, subj. ἐπαύρω, ῃς, ῃ (v. infr.), inf. ἐπαυρεῖν, -έμεν, Hom. (v. infr.):—[voice] Med.,ἐπαυρίσκομαι Il.13.733
, Demoer. 172, Hp.Nat.Puer.12, Morb.4.39: [tense] fut.ἐπαυρήσομαι Il.6.353
: [ per.] 2sg. [tense] aor. 1 ἐπηύρω ( ἐπηύρου Elmsl.) A.Pr.28, inf.ἐπαύρασθαι Hp.Jusj.
fin., Ep.27, Plb.18.11.7: [tense] aor. 2 , poet. [ per.] 2sg.ἐπαύρεο Pi.N.5.49
, [ per.] 3sg. ἐπηύρετο prob. in Arist.EN 1163a20; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 2sg. subj.ἐπαύρηαι Il. 15.17
, -ῃ (cf. 11.3), [ per.] 3pl.- ωνται 1.410
; inf.ἐπαυρέσθαι E.IT 529
, And.2.2 (v. infr. 11):—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. ἐπαυρεθέντα· ἐπιβάλλοντα, Hsch.I [voice] Act., partake of, share, c.gen. rei,τῶν.. βέλτερόν ἐστιν ἐπαυρέμεν Il.18.302
; αὐτὸν.. σε βούλομ' ἐπαυρέμεν (gen. omitted) Od.17.81; πλεῖον νυκτὸς ἐπαυρεῖ enjoys a greater share of night, of Sirius, Hes.Op. 419; γειτόνων πολλοὶ ἐπαῦρον many have had enjoyment of (i.e. suffered loss from) neighbours, Pi.P.3.36; τὸ μέγιστον ἐπαυρίσκουσι have enjoyment in the highest degree, Thgn.111; obtain, meet with,εἴ κε.. κυβερνητῆρος ἐπαύρῃ A.R.2.174
.2 of physical contact, touch, graze, esp. of slight wounds, c. acc., παρος χρόα λευκὸν ἐπαυρεῖν (sc. τὰ δοῦρα) Il.11.573;μή τις χρόα χαλκῷ ἐπαύρῃ 13.649
: c. gen., λίθου δ' ἀλέασθαι ἐπαυρεῖν take care not to touch, 23.340: abs., καὶ εἴ κ' ὀλίγον περ ἐπαύρῃ if the spear touch ever so little, 11.391, cf. Nic.Th. 763.II [voice] Med., reap the fruits, enjoy the benefit of a thing, whether good or bad:1 c. gen., in good sense,τοῦ πολλοὶ ἐπαυρίσκονται Il.13.733
;μόχθων ἀμοιβὰν ἐπαύρεο Pi.N.5.49
;τοῦδ' ἐπαυρέσθαι θέλω E.IT 529
, cf. A.R. 1.677,4.964;μικροῦ δὲ βιότου ζῶντ' ἐπαυρέσθαι χρεών Trag.Adesp. 95.4
( = Com.Adesp.1207.4);τῆς ζόης ἐ. Herod.3.2
, cf. 7.26;τῆς ἐλευθερίας Plb.18.11.7
;οὐδὲ φάους.. πολλὸν ἐπαυράμενον IG12(7).302.5
([place name] Amorgos), cf. Epigr.Gr. 839 ([place name] Lebena): rare in Prose,εἰ.. χρὴ ἀγαθὸν ἐμοῦ ἐπαυρέσθαι And.2.2
;ἀποδοτέον.. ὅσον ἐπηύρετο Arist.EN 1163a20
; τάχα δ' ἄν τι καὶ τοῦ οὐνόματος ἐπαύροιτο may have got his fate from his name, Hdt.7.180;τίν' αἰτίαν σχὼν ἧς ἐπηυρόμην ἐγώ; E. Hel. 469
.b more freq. in bad, though not ironical, sense, ἵνα πάντες ἐπαύρωνται βασιλῆος that all may enjoy their king, i.e. feel what it is to have such a king, Il.1.410;οὐ μὰν οἶδ' εἰ αὖτε κακορραφίης.. ἐπαύρηαι 15.17
: c. acc. et gen., τοιαῦτ' ἐπηύρω τοῦ φιλανθρώπου τρόπου such profit didst thou gain from.., A.Pr.28: abs., τῶ καί μιν ἐπαυρήσεσθαι ὀΐω I doubt not he will feel the consequences, Il.6.353; ἀπό τινος κακὰ ἐ. Demoer. 172.2ἐ. ἀπό τινος
get nourishment from..,Hp.
Morb.4.39.3 c. acc. rei, bring upon oneself,μή πού τι κακὸν καὶ μεῖζον ἐπαύρῃ Od.18.107
(v.l. ἐπαύρῃς, but perh. better taken as [ per.] 3sg. [tense] aor. [voice] Act., lest a greater evil reach thee).—Mainly poet. and [dialect] Ion.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπαυρέω
См. также в других словарях:
The Bad Beginning — … Wikipedia
The Bad Touch — Single by Bloodhound Gang from the album Hooray for Boobies Rele … Wikipedia
The Bad Book — is a book by Andy Griffiths, who was responsible for the novel The Day My Bum Went Psycho , and Terry Denton, who also did the illustrations. It was released in the year 2004. It is a compilation of bad stories, drawings, rhymes and poems about… … Wikipedia
The Bad News Bears — Theatrical release poster by Jack Davis Directed by Michael Ritchie … Wikipedia
The Good, The Bad & The Queen — The Good, the Bad the Queen Gründung 2005 Genre Alternative Rock Website http://www.thegoodthebadandthequeen.com Gründungsmitglieder Gesang, Keyboard … Deutsch Wikipedia
The Good, the Bad & the Queen — The Good, the Bad the Queen Gründung 2005 Genre Alternative Rock Website http://www.thegoodthebadandthequeen.com Gründungsmitglieder Gesang, Keyboard … Deutsch Wikipedia
The Good, the Bad and the Queen — The Good, the Bad the Queen Gründung 2005 Genre Alternative Rock Website http://www.thegoodthebadandthequeen.com Gründungsmitglieder Gesang, Keyboard … Deutsch Wikipedia
The good, the bad and the queen (album) — The Good, the Bad and the Queen Album par The Good, the Bad and the Queen TheGoodtheBadandtheQueen.jpg Sortie 22 janvier 2007 Enregistrement 2005–2006 Durée 42:49 Genre … Wikipédia en Français
The Good, the Bad and the Queen (album) — The Good, the Bad and the Queen Album par The Good, the Bad and the Queen TheGoodtheBadandtheQueen.jpg Sortie 22 janvier 2007 Enregistrement 2005–2006 Durée 42:49 Genre … Wikipédia en Français
The best of nick cave and the bad seeds — The Best Of Album par Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds Sortie 11 mai 1998 Enregistrement 1983 1997 Durée 75:19 Genre(s) Post punk … Wikipédia en Français
The Bad Dog Theatre Company — Bad Dog Theatre company is an improvisational theatre company based in Toronto, Canada, and established in 2003. The theatre is eclectic and broad in its production of shows, with a focus on short form improv, but it has branched out to include… … Wikipedia