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101 τίνυμαι
τίνῠμαι, inf.A :—poet. for τίνομαι (v.τίνω 11
), punish, chastise, c. acc. pers., [Ζεὺς] τίνυται ὅς τις ἁμάρτῃ Od.13.214
;οἳ.. ἀνθρώπους τίνυσθον, ὅτις κ' ἐπίορκον ὀμόσσῃ Il.3.279
, cf. 19.260, Plu.Crass.21: c. acc. rei, λώβην τινύμενος chastising insolence, Od. 24.326.2 avenge, take vengeance for, (v.l.); αἵματος δίκαν, φόνον, E.Or. 323 (lyr.): abs., avenge oneself, Hdt.5.77.II [voice] Act., pay penalty, only in late writers, δίκας τιννύοντες Plu.Brut.33;Aδίκην τιννύς Olymp.Hist. p.455
D.; gen. pl. ἐκ-τιννύντων v.l. in D.S.16.29; ἐκ-τιννύω, = pendo, Gloss.; δίκας τιννύω, = pendo poenas, ib. [The [ per.] 1st syll. is prob.always long (even in E.Or. 323); the spellings ἀποτεινύτω (Crete, v B.C.), ἀποτειννυέτω (Avrom., i B.C.) (v. ἀποτίνυμι), and the form of the root ( τῐ-: τει-: ποι- (v. τίνω), never τῑ-, which belongs only to τίω ) show that the true spellings are τεινυ-, later τειννυ-, still later τῑννυ- with ι long by nature: the early forms ἀποτινυ[μεν (v. ἀποτίνυμι) , [τ]ινυμε[νο] GDI 5125 A 3 ([place name] Crete) remain unexplained: τίν[υ]σθαι is uncertain in IG12(9).1273 (p. viii) (Eretria, vi B.C.): perh. τῐνυ- existed as well as τεινυ-.]Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τίνυμαι
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102 τρέχω
τρέχω, Od.9.386, etc.: [tense] fut. θρέξομαι ([etym.] ἀπο-) Ar.Nu. 1005 (anap.), ([etym.] μετα-) Id. Pax 261, ([etym.] περῖ) Id.Ra. 193; θρέξω only in Lyc.108; butAἀπο-θρέξεις Pl.Com.232
: [tense] aor. 1 ἔθρεξα (v. infr.):—but the usual [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. come from the root δραμ-, viz. , X.An. 7.3.45, etc.; [dialect] Ion.δραμέομαι Hdt.8.102
; late ; butὑπερ-δραμῶ Philetaer.3
(dub. l.); δράμομαι in compd.ἀναδράμεται AP 9.575
(Phil.): [tense] aor. 2 ἔδρᾰμον (v. infr.): [tense] pf. δεδράμηκα [pron. full] [ᾰ] Philem. 38, Men.741, ([etym.] ἀνα-) Hdt.8.55, ([etym.] κατα-) X.HG4.7.6, ([etym.] περι-) Pl.Clit. 410a, ([etym.] συν-) D.17.9: [tense] plpf. ἐδεδραμήκεσαν ([etym.] κατ-) Th.8.92: poet. [tense] pf. δέδρομα ([etym.] ἀνα-, ἐπι-) Od.5.412, 20.357:—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. δεδράμημαι ([etym.] ἐπι-) X.Oec.15.1.—The Verb is not common in Hom., who has [tense] pres. in Il.23.520, Od.9.386; in Il.18.599, 602, [dialect] Ion. Iterat. θρέξασκον ( ἔθρεξα was also old [dialect] Att., Epigr. ap. Plu.Arist.20, E.IA 1569 (s. v. l., ἔβρεξε Weil), ([etym.] περι-) Ar.Th. 657); but the common [tense] aor. was ἔδραμον, Il. 23.393, Od.23.207, al.—[dialect] Dor. [full] τράχω [pron. full] [ᾰ] Pi.P.8.32, Hsch., EM356.10: [tense] fut.θραξοῦμαι Hsch.
:—run, of men,ἰθὺς δράμε Od.23.207
, etc.;θρέξασκον ἐπισταμένοισι πόδεσσι Il.18.599
;τρέχει Ὅρκος ἅμα.. δίκῃσιν Hes. Op. 219
;ᾤχεο τρέχων Epich.37
, 110 ( τράχων cf. Ahrens);βαδίζειν καὶ τ. Pl.Grg. 468a
; τρέχων, opp. βάδην, X.Cyr.2.2.30;τ. χερσίν, οὐ ποδωκείᾳ σκελῶν A.Eu.37
: of horses, Il.23.393, 520: the part. is freq. added to another Verb, τί οὐ τρέχων σὺ τὰς τραπέζας ἐκφέρεις; why do you not run and carry out.. ? Pl.Com.69.2, cf. Pl.R. 327b; v. infr. 2.2 of things, move quickly,τὸ δὲ [τρύπανον] τ. ἐμμενὲς αἰεί Od.9.386
, cf. Il.14.413;ναῦς παρὰ γῆν ἔδραμεν Thgn.856
;πόλιν.. ἐξ οὐρίων δραμοῦσαν S.Aj. 1083
; τὸ δ' ἐν ποσὶ τράχον ἴτω let what is now before me go trippingly, Pi.P.8.32;ἐπὶ καρδίαν ἔδραμε.. σταγών A.Ag. 1121
(lyr.); having run its course,S.
Aj. 731; πυρετὸς.. ἥκει τρέχων has come quickly, Nicopho 12.3 οἱ τρέχοντες a constellation rising with Libra, Antiochus ap. Teucrum in Boll Sphaera 58.II c. acc. loci, run over,ῥόθια πεδία E.Hel. 1117
(lyr.);ὁ ἵππος τ. καὶ πρανῆ καὶ ὄρεια X.Eq. 8.1
:—in [dialect] Att. Prose θέω seems to be more freq. in the [tense] pres., and in some phrases used exclusively, e.g. θεῖν δρόμῳ, v. θέω (A) 11.1 and cf. Th.3.111, X.An.1.8.18.2 c. acc. cogn., δραμεῖν ἀγῶνα, βῆμα, δίαυλον, δρόμον, run a course, a heat, E.El. 883, 954, Alex.235, Men. 741, etc.; λαμπάδας, i. e. torch-races, IG22.1028.14: freq. metaph., ἀγῶνα δρ. run a risk, E.Alc. 489, cf. IA 1455;ἀγῶνα θανάσιμον δραμούμενον Id.Or. 878
; πολλοὺς ἀγῶνας δραμέονται περὶ σφέων αὐτῶν run for their life or safety, Hdt.8.102;κινδύνων τὸν μέγιστον τ. D.H.4.47
; τὸν ὑπὲρ ψυχῆς ἀγῶνα, κίνδυνον ὑπὲρ τῆς ψυχῆς τ., Id.7.48, 4.4;ἐσχάτην τρέχοντες ταύτην Plb.1.87.3
: sts. the acc. is omitted, περὶ ἑωυτοῦ τρέχων running for his life, Hdt.7.57; περὶ τῆςψυχῆς Id.9.37
;φόνου πέρι E.El. 1264
; περὶ νίκης f.l. in X.An.1.5.8 ( ἐπὶ νίκῃ Rehdantz); cf. θέω (A) 1.2,δρόμος 1.2
, κρέας fin.3 παρὰ ἓν πάλαισμα ἔδραμε νικᾶν he was within one fall or bout of carrying off the victory, Hdt.9.33; cf. παρά c. 111.5,τριάζω 1
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103 ἀείρω
ἀείρω, [dialect] Ep., [dialect] Ion., and poet.; [full] αἴρω (once in Hom., v. infr.), [dialect] Att. and Trag. (exc. A. Th. 759, Pers. 660, both lyr.); [dialect] Aeol. [full] ἀέρρω, Alc.78: [tense] impf. ἤειρον ([etym.] συν-) Il.10.499, Hdt.2.125, [dialect] Ep.Aἄειρον Il.19.386
, [dialect] Att. and Trag. ᾖρον: [tense] fut. ἀρῶ [ᾱ], [var] contr. for ἀερῶ (which is not found), A. Pers. 795, E.Heracl. 322, Tr. 1148, prob. in Luc. Hist.Conscr. 14: [tense] aor. 1 ἤειρα ([etym.] συν-) Il.24.590, ([etym.] παρ-) Archil.94, Herod.9.13, [dialect] Ep.ἄειρα Il.23.730
; [dialect] Aeol. imper.ἀέρρατε Sapph.91
; subj.ἀέρσῃ Panyas.13.13
; part. ; alsoἄηρα IG12(3).449
([place name] Thera);ἦρα Hdt. 9.59
, A.Ag.47, Th.6.18, etc., [ per.] 3pl. , opt.ἄραις Herod.5.71
, inf.ἆραι Call. Cer.35
, part.ἄρας Th.2.12
, etc., Cret. (Gort.) [ᾱ- in all moods]: [tense] pf.ἦρκα D.25.52
, ([etym.] ἀπ-) Th.8.100, [tense] plpf. ἤρκεσαν ([etym.] ἀπ-) D.19.150:—[voice] Med. [full] ἀείρομαι ([etym.] ἀπ-) Il. 21.563, S.Tr. 216 (lyr.); [full] αἴρομαι E.El. 360, Th.4.60: fut ἀροῦμαι [pron. full] [ᾱ] E.Hel. 1597 : [tense] aor. 1 imper.ἀείραο A.R.4.746
, inf. ἀείρασθαι ([etym.] ἀντ-) Hdt.7.212, part.- άμενος Il.23.856
, IG4.952.112 (Epid.); also ἠράμην [ᾱ- in all moods] Il.14.510, Od.4.107, E.Heracl. 986, Ar. Ra. 525, Pl.R. 374e, etc., [dialect] Dor.ἄρατο B.2.5
: [tense] pf.ἦρμαι S.El.54
:— [voice] Pass., E.Alc. 450 (lyr.), Hp.Mul.2.174: [tense] fut. : [tense] aor.ἠέρθην A.R.4.1651
, ([etym.] παρ-) Il.16.341, [dialect] Ep.ἀέρθην Od.19.540
, [ per.] 3pl.ἄερθεν Il.8.74
, subj. (lyr.), part.ἀερθείς Od.8.375
, Pi.N.7.75, A.Ag. 1525 (lyr.), Hp.Mul.1.1, etc.; alsoἤρθην Simon.111
, A.Th. 214 (lyr.), Th.4.42, etc., part.ἀρθείς Il.13.63
, ([etym.] ἐπ-) Hdt.1.90, etc.: [tense] pf.ἤερμαι A.R.2.171
: [dialect] Ep. [tense] plpf. [ per.] 3sg. ἄωρτο (for ἤορτο) Il.3.272, Theoc.24.43,ἔωρτο Hsch.
[ ἀείρω has [pron. full] ᾰ, exc. in late poetry, as Opp. C.1.347.] ( ἀείρω = ἀ-ϝερ-yω, cf.αὐειρομέναι Alcm.23.63
; αἴρω (oncein Hom., Il.17.724 in part. αἴροντας) may = ϝαρ-ψω for ϝγ[νυλλ ]-ψω from the reduced form of the root, but is more probably an analogical formation arising from the contracted forms. Fut. ἀροῦμαι [pron. full] [ᾰ] and [tense] aor. ἀρόμην, ἤρετο, etc., inf. ἀρέσθαι [pron. full] [ᾰ], belong to ἄρνυμαι, q.v.; ἤρᾰτο may have displaced ἤρετο in Hom, cf. Eust. ad Il.3.373. The sense attach found in compds. συν-, παρ-αείρω is prob. derived from the use v.1.)I [voice] Act., lift, raise up,νέκυν Il.17.724
; ὑψόσ' ἀείρας [κυνέην] 10.465;πίνακας παρέθηκεν ἀείρας Od.1.141
;Εὐμάστας με ἄηρεν ἀπὸ χθονός IG12(3).449
, inscr. on a stone ([place name] Thera); ἀπὸ γῆς αἴ. Pl.Ti. 90a; ἱστία στεῖλαν ἀείραντες furled by brailing them up, Od.3.11; but ἀ. ἱστία hoist sail, A.R.2.1229;αἴ. κεραίας D.S. 13.12
;εὔμαριν ἀ. A.Pers. 660
; κοῦφον αἴ. βῆμα walk lightly, trip, E.Tr. 342; αἴ. σκέλη, of a horse, X.Eq.10.15, cf. Arist.IA 710b20;ὀρθὸν αἴ. τὸ κάρα A.Ch. 496
;ὀφθαλμὸν ἄρας S.Tr. 795
; ἄρασα μύξας, of a deer, Id.Fr.89;ὀφρῦς αἴροντα Diph.85
; αἴ. σημεῖον make a signal, X.Cyr.7.1.23; αἴ. μηχανήν, in the theatre, Antiph.191.15; so ; τεῖχος ἱκανὸν αἴ. Th.1.90, cf. 2.75:—freq. in part., ἄρας ἔπαισε he raised [them] and struck, S.OT 1270;ἡ βουλὴ ἄρασα τὴν ἀφ' ἱερᾶς ἀφῆκεν Plu. Cor.32
, cf. 1 Ep.Cor. 6.15 :—[voice] Pass.,ἐς αἰθέρα δῖαν ἀέρθη Od.19.540
, cf. Il.8.74;ὑψόσ' ἀερθείς Od.12.432
;ἔμπνους ἀρθείς Antipho 2.1.9
;φρυκτοὶ ᾔροντο Th.2.94
, cf. Aen. Tact.26.14; mount up, X.HG5.2.5; ἄνω ἀρθῆναι, of the sun, to be high in heaven, Hp.Aër.6; to be seized, snatched up, Ar.Ach. 565.2 take up, in various uses: draw water, Ar.Ra. 1339; gather food, S.Ph. 707; pluckherbs, PMag.Par.1.287, al.3 take up and carry or bring,ἐκ βελέων Σαρπηδόνα δῖον ἀείρας Il.16.678
;νόσφιν ἀειράσας 24.583
; ἄχθος ἀ. convey, of ships, Od.3.312; μῆλα ἐξ' Ιθάκης ἄειραν νηυσί carried them off, 21.18; μή μοι οἶνον ἄειρε bring me not wine, Il.6.264.5 of armies or fleets, τὰς ναῦς αἴ. get the ships under sail, Th.1.52; esp. intr., get under way, set out,ἆραι τῷ στρατῷ Id.2.12
: abs., ib.23:—[voice] Pass.,ἀερθῆναι Hdt.9.52
;ἀερθέντες ἐκ.. 1.165
;ἀ. εἰς.. 1.170
;ἐφ' ἡμετέρᾳ γᾷ ἀρθείς S.Ant. 111
(lyr.); but ἀερθείς carried too far, Pi.N.7.75.II raise up, exalt, , cf. 791; ὄλβον ὅν Δαρεῖος ἦρεν Id.Pers. 164:—esp. of pride and passion, exalt, excite, ὑψοῦ αἴ. θυμόν grow excited, S.OT 914; αἴ. θάρσος pluck up courage, E.IA 1598:—[voice] Pass., to be raised, increased,ἡ δύναμις ᾔρετο Th.1.118
;ᾔρετο τὸ ὕψος τοῦ τείχους μέγα Id.2.75
; ἤρθη μέγας rose to greatness, D.2.8;οὐκ ἤρθη νοῦν ἐς ἀτασθαλίην Simon.111
; ἀρθῆναι φόβῳ, δείμασι, A.Th. 214, E.Hec.69: abs., (lyr.), cf. Ar.Ec. 1180.III lift and take away, remove,ἀπό με τιμᾶν ἦραν A.Eu. 847
;τινὰ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως Pl.R. 578e
; generally, take away, put an end to, ; τραπέζας αἴ. clear away dinner, Men.273;ἀρθέντος τοῦ αἰτίου Arist.Pr. 920b11
; deny (opp. τίθημι posit), S.E.P.1.10; Delph. and [dialect] Locr. [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. part. ἀρμένος cancelled, null and void,ὠνὰ ἀ. καὶ ἄκυρος GDI1746
(Delph.);ἀτελὴς καὶ ἀ. IG9(1).374
([place name] Naupactus).2 make away with, destroy, Ev.Matt.24.39;ἆρον, ἆρον
away with him!Ev.Jo.
19.15; ἐκ τῶν ζώντων αἴ. Tab.Defix.Aud.1.18.IV [voice] Med., lift, take up for oneself or what is one's own, [πέπλων] ἕν' ἀειραμένη Il.6.293
; hence, carry off, win,πάντας ἀειράμενος πελέκεας 23.856
;ἄρατο νίκαν B.2.5
;ἠρμένοι νίκην Str.3.2.13
.2 ὄγκον ἄρασθαι to be puffed up, S.Aj. 129; .3 raise, lift,τύπωμα ἠρμένοι χεροῖν S.El.54
; κανοῦν αἴ. Ar.Av. 850;βοῦς IG22.1028.28
, cf. Thphr.Char.27.5; ῥόθιον raise a surging cheer, Ar.Eq. 546;Σαμόσατα ἀράμενος μετέθηκεν Luc.Hist.Conscr.24
; ἀείρεσθαι τὰ ἱστία hoist sail, Hdt.8.56, cf. 94.4 raise, stir up,νεῖκος ἀειράμενος Thgn.90
, cf. E.Heracl. 986, 991; begin, undertake,πόλεμον A.
Supp..342, Hdt.7.132, Th.4.60, D.5.5 ([voice] Pass.,πόλεμος αἴρεται Ar.Av. 1188
); ; φυγὴν αἴρεσθαι take to flight, A.Pers. 481, E.Rh.54.6 abs., βαρὺς ἀ. slow to undertake anything, Hdt.4.150.V [voice] Pass., to be suspended, hang, [μάχαιρα] πὰρ ξίφεος μέγα κουλεὸν αἰὲν ἄωρτο Il.3.272
, 19.253.2 Medic., to be swollen, [σπλὴν] ἀερθείς Hp.Mul.1.61
; μαζοὶ ἀείρονται ib.2.174. -
104 ἀργός 1
ἀργός 1.Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `shining white', also `quick, mobile' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. podako \/ podargos\/? name of a cow; tomako \/ stomargos\/? (s. στόμα); tumako \/ thumargos\/ ?Compounds: First member ἀργι- in ἀργί-πους, ἀργι-κέραυνος, ἀργι-όδων etc., cf. Sktd. r̥ji- in r̥ji-pyá- (s. αἰγυπιός). ἀργιλίπης s.v. For ἀργιόπους· ἀετός, Μακεδόνες read ἀργίπους. As last member cf. πόδαργος `with quick feet'.Derivatives: ἀργᾶς, -ᾶ m. (Achae.), ἀργόλας m. (Suid.), type of snake. PN with regular accent shift Ἄργος m. (Od.; `quick', the dog of Odysseus) and Άργώ f. `the quick', name of the mythical ship (Od.). ἀργήεις s.s.v. ἀργής. On ἀργι- (s. comp.) ἀργινόεις (Β 647, 656); from here Άργινοῦσσαι. A neutr. s-stem in ἐν-αργής and in: 1. ἀργεσ-τής m. epithet of the southwind ( νότος, Il.), and the westwind ( Ζέφυρος, Hes.) `clear', also as name of the wind (with regular acc. shift) Άργέστης (Arist.); just for ἀργής Nic. Th. 592; 2. ἀργεννός \< *ἀργεσ-νός `shining white', an Aeolic form (Il.). On the t-stem ἀργής s.v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [64] *h₂rǵ- `white'Etymology: Agrees with Skt. r̥jrá-, which points to *h₂rǵ-ro- \> *ἀργρος, which by dissimilation became ἀργός; ἀργι- agrees with Skt. r̥ji- (i: ro from a Caland-system). The root *-h₂(e)rǵ- is found in several languages: Lat. argentum (s. ἄργυρος), Skt. árjuna- `white, light', Toch. A ārki, B arkwi `white', Hitt. h̯arkiš `white, hell'. It is generally assumed that the meaning `white' and `quick' have the same source. S. ἄργεμον, ἀργής, ἄργυροςPage in Frisk: 1,132-133Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀργός 1
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105 δοῦλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `slave, servant', also as adj. with the comp. δουλότερος (Hdt.); δούλη f. `slave-woman, maid' (Il.); on the extension E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 74f.Other forms: δῶλος Cret.;Compounds: many subst. and adj. compp.Derivatives: δουλίς f. (Hyp.; cf. Schwyzer 127 and 465) with δουλίδιον (H.), δουλάριον (Ar.). - δουλοσύνη `servanthood' (Ion., Od.; vgl. Porzig Satzinhalte 226) with δουλόσυνος (E. Hek. 448 [lyr.]); s. Frisk Eranos 43, 220. - δούλιος, - ειος `slavish, of a servant' (Hom.), δούλεος `id.' (A. R.), δουλικός `id.' (Att. etc.), δουλικά ( σώματα) n. pl. `slaves' (Peripl. M. Rubr., Pap.). - Denomin. δουλεύω `be slave, serve' (Ion.-Att.) with δουλεία, ion. - ηΐη `servanthood', δούλευμα `id.' (trag.; s. Chantr. Form. 186), δουλεύτρια `female servant' (Eust.); δουλόομαι, - όω `be made servant' (Ion.-Att.) with δούλωσις (Th.) and δουλωτικός (Plu.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The forms point to *δόελος, prob. from *δοhελος. One adduces: δοῦλος ἡ οἰκία, η την ἐπὶ τὸ αὑτὸ συνέλευσιν τῶν γυναικῶν H. (unclear δωλοδομεῖς οἰκογενεῖς; wrong Schulze Q. 95 A. 3); the word has been changed in δοῦμος (Latte after Wackernagel; aigainst the word order), but there is no conclusion. The word is in any case a loan, acc. to Lambertz Glotta 6, 1ff. from Carian or Lydian (thus Benveniste Rev. d. ét. lat. 10, 438f.); Risch, Kratylos 29 (1984) 96f. remarks that then the word would have appeared much later (than Myc), but it could as well be Pre-Greek. Neumann (FS Risch)1986, 489-496) started from *dm̥-sel-o- \> * doh-elo-, with sel- the root of ἑλεῖν. But `home-taken' does not give the right meaning (while Fr. domestique is perfect), and for o \< *m̥ in Attica etc. he gives only ὄπατρος as example.Page in Frisk: 1,412Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δοῦλος
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106 ἐγγύς
Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `near' (in space and time; Il.).Other forms: Comp. and superl. ἐγγυτέρω, - τάτω (- ύτερον, - ύτατα), also ἔγγιστα, ἔγγιον (see Seiler Steigerungsformen 107ff.); late adj. ἐγγύτερος, - τατος (LXX; Schwyzer 534 n. 5).Derivatives: ἐγγύθι `nearby' (Il.), ἐγγύθεν `from nearby' (Il.); ἐγγύτης f. `nearness' (A. D.); ἐγγύδιον ἔγγιον, πλησίον, προσῆκον H. (after the diminutives in - ύδιον); denomin. ἐγγίζω `come near', tr. `approach' (Arist., hell.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Adverb in -ς as εὑθύς, ἅλις etc. (Schwyzer 620). Because of Lat. comminus one wants to see, with Bezzenberger BB 4, 321 n. 1 (s. also Adontz Mélanges Boisacq 1, 11) in ἐγγύς an old word for `hand', also seen in ἐγγύη, - άω. The first syllable seems the prep. (adv.) ἐν, but further interpretation is uncertain. - Schwyzer 620 n. 3 proposes (hesitantly) the explanation `the hands together' with ἐν from ἕν to Lat. sem-el etc., s. εἷς. Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 47 (to βαίνω as "colui che va innanzi". This may well be correct. The second element will be the neuter = absol. of the root * gʷeu- `to go', "en allant vers, au milieu"; cf. μεσσηγυ De Lamberterie (1990)326-37.Page in Frisk: 1,437Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐγγύς
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107 θρώσκω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `spring, leap upon, rush, dart' (Il.);Other forms: θρῴσκω, Schwyzer 710, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 317), aor. θορεῖν, fut. θοροῦμαι (Il.), ἔθρωξα (Opp.), perf. ptc. f. τεθορυίης (Antim. 65); after θορεῖν the pres. θόρνυμαι (Hdt. 3, 109, [S.] Fr. 1127, 9, Nic. Th. 130) for original θάρνυσθαι = κυΐσκεσθαι (H.; thematic θαρνεύει ὀχεύει; s. also on θρέομαι),Derivatives: 1. From θρω-: θρωσμός ( θρῳσμός) `springing, rising' (Κ 160, Λ 56 = Υ 3; A. R. 2, 823; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 239); θρῶσις `cord, line' (Theognost., H.). 2. From the aorist: θορός m. (Hdt., Hp., Arist.), θορή f. (Hdt., Alcmaion) `mascul. seed', prop. "springer" or "jumper" (cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 88, Schwyzer 459); from there θορικός `belonging to the seed' (Arist.), θοραῖος `containing seed etc.' (Nic., Lyc.), θορώδης `id.' (Gal.), θορόεις `consisting of seed' (Opp.); denomin. verb θορίσκομαι `receive semen' (Ant. Lib.; cf. κυΐσκομαι). - On θοῦρος s. v.Etymology: The only certain comparison gives MIr. dairim `leap upon' with the nouns der `young girl' (\< * dherā), Welsh - derig `rutty' (Fick 2, 142, Loth Rev. celt. 41, 378f.). On the ablaut cf. βλώσκω, μολεῖν, μολοῦμαι (s. v.), and s. Schwyzer 696 and 747. The root was * dʰerh₃-; * dʰrh₃- giving θρω- before consonant, θαρ- before vowel; θορή contains old -o: * dʰorh₃-; the form with θαρν(ευ-) goes back on an old nasal present, * dʰr-n-(e)h₃- which would have given *θαρνω-μι. The fut. θορέομαι may go back with metathesis on *θερο- \< * dʰerh₃- (Ruiperez, Emerita 18 (1950) 386-407); the aorist will have its vocalism from here.Page in Frisk: 1,689Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θρώσκω
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108 μολοβρός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: scornful or ignominious qualification, by the goat-herd Melanthos and the beggar Iros referred to the unknown Odysseus (ρ 219, σ 26; after this Lyc. 775); also of the head ( κεφαλή) of a plant in unknown meaning (Nic. Th. 662).Derivatives: μολόβρ-ιον n. `the young of a swine' (Ael.), - ίτης ὗς `ds.' (Hippon.). -- PN Μόλοβρος m. (Th. 4, 8, 9; Lacon.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Popular word, because of the uncertain meaning hard to assess. Several proposals of doubtful value from old and new times: ἀπὸ τοῦ μολεῖν καὶ παραγίνεσθαι πρὸς βορὰν καὶ τροφήν (sch. Lyc. 775); from μέλας, μολύνω and τὰ ὄβρια, ὀβρίκαλα `the young of animals' (Curtius 370); to βλιβρόν λαγρόν H. and βλάβη (Fick BB 28, 97; agreeing Bechtel Lex. s.v. and Hist. Personennamen 502); from *μολός `runner, shoot' (cf. μολεύω) and βορά (Grošelj Živa Ant. 2, 212f.); s. also Reynen Herm. 85, 142 w. n. 2. - Neumann HS 105(1992) 75-80 derives it form *μολος, Skt. málam `dirt' (from * melo- or * molHo-) and the root * gʷrh₃- `eat' in βιβρώσκω; but -*gʷr̥Ho- would have given *-βαρο-. Rather a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 2,250-251Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μολοβρός
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109 μόλυβδος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `lead' (IA.)Other forms: μόλιβος (Λ 237, also hell. prose), also μόλυβος (LXX), μόλιβδος (Plu.), βόλυβδος (Att. defixion-tablet), βόλιμος (Delph., Epid.), βόλιβος (Rhod. in περι-βολιβῶσαι)Dialectal forms: Myc. moriwodo.Compounds: Compp., e.g. μολυβδο-χοέω `melt lead, soldier with lead' (Ar., inscr.).Derivatives: A. Subst.: μολύβδ-αινα f. `weight of lead, plummet, ball of lead.' (Ω 80, Hp., Arist.), `a plant, Plumbago europaea' (Plin.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 26); as ἄκαινα a.o. (Schwyzer 475, Chantraine Form. 109); - ίς f. `id.' (Att., hell.); - ιον n. `lead weight' (Hp.), μολίβ-ιον n. `leaden pipe' (Antyll. ap. Orib.), - ίδιον (Hero); μολυβδ-ῖτις f. `lead-sand' (Dsc., Plin.; Redard 57 f.); - ωμα `lead-work' (Moschio ap.Ath.); μολυβᾶς, - ᾶτος m. `leadworker' (pap.). -- B. Adj.: μολύβδ-ινος ( μολίβ-) `of lead' (IA, Paul. Aeg.), - οῦς ( μολιβ-, μολυβ-) `id.' (Att., hell.); - ώδης `lead-like' (Dsc., Gal.), - ικός `of lead' (gloss.), μολυβ-ρόν τὸ μολυβοειδές H. -- C. Verbs: μολυβδόομαι ( μολιβ-) `be fitted out with lead weights etc.' (Arist.) with - ωσις (gloss.); περι-βολιβῶσαι `frame with lead' (Rhod.); μολυβδ-ιάω `have the colour of lead' of the face, as symptom of disease (Com. Adesp.). -- Here also μολβίς στάθ-μιόν τι ἑπταμναῖον H. with loss of an inner ι or υ (Solmsen Wortforsch. 60 n. 2).Etymology: Because of its variants the word was generally considered an Anatalian loan. βολιμος will be due to metathesis, βολιβος to assimilation in this form. The oldest forms are clearly μόλιβος and μόλυβδος. It is known that - ιβ- occurred against - υβδ-. Beside μόλυβδος and μόλιβος (- υ-) we have now Myc. \/moliwdos\/; μολιβδος is now also found in Olbia about 500 B.C. The Mycenaean form can easily be the oldest: i changed to u before w(d). -- Connection with Lat. plumbum cannot be explained. The word can also not come from the West, as lead was much older in Greece. Nor can Bask. berún `lead' be connected with Myc. moliwdos. - The word has been compared with Lydian marivda-, of which we now know that it meant `dark' (as in E. murk(y)); its Hitt. equivalant is mark(u)waya-; it would be an IE word from the root * mergʷ-, * morgʷiyo- giving * marwida-, which may have become * marwda- with syncope, which again might have become * marwida- by anaptyxis; for lead as `dark' cf. Lat. plumbum nigrum. Thus Melchert in Hittites, Greeks and their neighborrs in Ancient Anatolia, ed. Bachvarova, Collins and Rutherford (2005?).Page in Frisk: 2,251-252Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μόλυβδος
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110 ὅμηρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `pledge, hostage, bail, warrant' (IA.).Other forms: pl. also -α.Derivatives: ὁμηρεύω, also with ἐξ-, συν-, `to serve as a hostage, to guarantee, to take as a pledge, to take hostage' (Att. Redner, E. Rh. 434, Antiph.) with ὁμηρ-εία f. (Pl., Th., Plb.), - ευμα n. (Plu.) `pledge, hostage', ἐξ-ευσις f. `hostage-taking' (Plu.).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]X [probably]Etymology: Prob. prop. with Curtius a.o. "who is together (with others), the companion, who is forced to go with", compound of ὁμοῦ and ἀρ- in ἀραρειν etc. w. similar meaningdevelopment as in Lat. obsēs (: obsideō) `hostage, bail' (but the root ἀρ- is difficult to understand). Slightly diff. Szemerényi Glotta 33, 363 ff.: the 2. member to ἐρ- in ἔρχομαι. The orig. meaning still in ὁμηρέω and ὁμηρέταις ὁμοψήφοις, ὁμογνώμοσιν H.; cf. also ὁμαρτέω and ἁμαρτή. -- Perhaps identical with this ὅμηρος = ὁ τυφλός (Lyc., H.), "because he goes with his leader" (Birt Phil. 87, 376ff.; cf. Kretschmer Glotta 22, 264)?; hardly convincing. Rather appellative use of the name of the poet (?). On attempts to connect the name Ο῝μηρος (Cret. Ο῝μαρος) wiht the appellative, s. except P.-W. 8, 2199 f. also Birt l.c. and Durante Rend. Acc. Lincei Ser. 8: 12, 94ff.; cf. Schwartz Herm. 75, 1ff., Bonfante, Par. Pass. 1968, 360; Posock, St. Mic. 4(1967)101; Deroy, Ant. Cl. 1972, 427.Page in Frisk: 2,386Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὅμηρος
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111 πλευρά
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `rib(s), side of the body', metaph. `side of an area, of a geometrical figure, flank of an army' (Il.).Compounds: Very often as 2. member, e.g. περί-πλευρος `going around the ribs, covering the sides' (E. in lyr.).Derivatives: Dimin. πλευρ-ία pl. (Hp., Delph. inscr.), - ιάς f. `side of an area' (Tab. Heracl.; after πεδι-άς a.o.; cf. Chantraine Form. 354); - ιαῖος `situated at the sides' (Boeot. inscr.), - ικός `belonging to the ribs' (sch.); - ίτης m. `connected to the ribs', designation of a bone of the spine (Poll.), - ῖτις ( νόσος) f. `pleurisy' (Hp., Ar.), also as pl.name = σκόρδιον (Ps.-Dsc.; because of the working, cf. Redard 75); - ώματα n. pl. = πλευρά (A.; poetic enlargement, Chantraine Form. 186); - ισμός m. meaning unclear, `dam'? (pap.); - ών, - ῶνος m. Aetol. PlN (Β 639 a.o.), Krahe ZONF 8, 159. -- Hypostasis παρα-πλευρ-ίδια n. pl. `side-armors' (X., Arr.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Formation like νευρά a.o., so to be enalysed in πλε-υρ-ά, - όν (Benveniste Origines 112 f.). Without certain explanation. If origin. `side', one would like with Benveniste l.c. to connect with the root pelā- `broaden' ( πέλαγος, πλάξ, παλάμη a.o.). If however, what is much more probable, prop. `rib', this etymology is is irrelevant. Or prop. "what belongs at the side (*πλῆ-Ϝαρ)"? -- Older hypotheses in Bq (rejected).Page in Frisk: 2,559Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πλευρά
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112 ῥαιβός
Grammatical information: adj.Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in ῥαιβο-ειδής `crooked of shape' (Hp.).Derivatives: ῥαιβ-ηδόν `in bendings' (Euph.), - όω `to bend' (Lyc., Gal.), - ότης f. `bendedness' (Eust.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The words in - βός express often a corporeal defect, e.g. κολοβός, κλαμβός, σκαμβός, ὑβός; the β may belong to the root ( στραβός). Also in ῥαιβός the β is old and inherited, if the comparison with Germ., e.g. Goth. wraiqs ' σκολιός' is reliable: IE *u̯roigʷo- or *u̯roig-u̯o- (Aufrecht KZ 12, 400, Persson Beitr. 1, 502 n.1). On the α-vowel cf. κλαμβός a.o. above, also λαιός, σκαιός (w. old u̯o-suffix). Other proposal, not to be preferred by Solmsen KZ 34, 552: to Lith. sráigė `snail' (s. Fraenkel s.v.). -- Further details (parly diff.) w. lit. in Bq, WP. 1, 279, Pok. 1158, Feist Vgl. Wb. s. wraiqs. Cf. ῥοικός, also ῥυβός. -- The vocalism can only be explained if we assume *wreh₂ig-u̯-, which cannot be combined with *u̯roig-u̯-; so the word is prob. not IE, and may be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,639Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥαιβός
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113 σβέννυμι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `quench, to extinguish, to be extinguished, extinct (IA.).Other forms: - ύω (Pi., Hp. a. o.), aor. σβέσ(σ)αι (Il.), pass. σβεσθῆναι (IA.), fut. σβέσω (A., E. a. o.); midd. σβέννυμαι (Hes.), aor. σβῆναι (Il.), fut. σβήσομαι (Pl. a. o.), perf. ἔσβηκα (A.), ἔσβεσμαι (Parm. a.o.).Compounds: Also w. prefix, esp. ἀπο- and κατα- (on the use in Hom. Graz Le feu dans l'Il. et l'Od.259ff.).Derivatives: σβέ-σις ( ἀπό-, κατά- σβέννυμι) f. `extinction, putting out' (Arist. etc.), σβεσ-τήρ, - τῆρος m. `extinguisher' (Plu.; not quite certain), - τήριος `useful for extinguishing' (Th. etc.), - τικός `id.' (Arist. etc.); ἄ-σβεσ-τος `unextinguishable' (Hom. a.o.; σβεστός Nonn.), f. (sc. τίτανος) `unslaked lime' (Dsc., Plu. a. o.) with ἀσβεστ-ήριοι and - ωσις H. as explanation of κονιαταί resp. κονίασις. -- Deviating the aor. κατα-σβῶσαι (Herod.). -- Besides some H.glossen: ζείναμεν (- υμεν?) σβέννυμεν, ἐζίνα (for - είν-) ἐπεσβέννυεν, ἀποζίννυται (cod. - ξ-; for - ζείν-) ἀποσβέννυται; ζόασον σβέσον; ζοάσ\< εις\> σ[ε]βέσεις.Etymology: The above formal system is as a whole built on the root σβεσ- in σβέσ-σαι and ἄ-σβεσ-τος. To the aorist σβέσ(σ)αι joined σβέννυμι from *σβέσ-νυ-μι (on the phonetics Schwyzer 697), σβέσω, σβεσθῆναι, ἔσβεσμαι. To this came as innovation ἔσβην, σβῆναι (after ἔστην, ἐκάην, ἐάγην etc.), to which came σβήσομαι, ἔσβηκα. On itself stands κατα-σβῶσαι, which may have an old lengthened grade (cf. below), but which can also with ζόασον, ζοάσεις (s. ab.) be understood as an iterativ (from *σβοῆσαι) of uncertain date. Cf. (with partly diff. view) Schwyzer 719 and 743 w. n. 1. From the byforms with ζ-, ζείναμεν etc., one can conclude for σβέσ(σ)αι, σβέννυμι to an IE * sgʷes-, which cannot be separated from other verbs for `extinguish': Lith. gęs-tù, gès-ti `extinguish, die out', caus. ges-aũ, -ýti `extinguish', Slav., e.g. OCS u-gašǫ, u-gasiti `extinguish' (IE * gʷōs-; also in - σβῶσαι?; s. ab.), Toch. AB käs- `extinguish'; prob. also Skt. jásate `is extinguished', jāsayati `exhaust'. Hitt. kišt-'be extinguished, perish' (e.g. 3. sg. kištari) is however incompatable with the labiovelar in σβέννυμι. If we posit a pure velar g, which is possible for all other languages, σβέννυμαι must be separated. -- Through the initial σ- Greek is distinguished from its cognates. Prob. it concerns a prefix (after Prellwitz s. v. a mutilated ἐξ-). Diff. Brugmann (e.g. Grundr.2 I 590) and Schwyzer 743 n. 1 (to be rejected). -- Further forms from the diff. languages with uncertain hypotheses and older lit. in Bq and WP. 1, 693f. (Pok. 479f.); s. also Fraenkel Wb. s. gèsti, Vasmer s. gasítь, W.-Hofmann s. sēgnis.Page in Frisk: 2,685-686Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σβέννυμι
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114 ἀγκών
A bend of the arm, hence, elbow,ὀρθωθεὶς δ' ε'π' ἀγκῶνος Il.10.80
;ἦ, καὶ ἐπ' ἀγκῶνος κεΦαλὴν σχέθεν Od.14.494
;ἀγκῶνα τυχὼν μέσον Il.5.582
, cf. 20.479; ἀγκῶνι νύττειν to nudge, Od.14.485, cf. Pl.Riv.132b; ; prov., ἀγκῶνι ἀπομύττεσθαι Bionap.D.L.4.46; ἐπ' ἀγκῶνος δειπνεῖν, of the attitude at meals, Luc.Lex.6.II any nook or bend, as the angle of a wall,ἀγκὼν τείχεος Il.16.702
, cf. Hdt.1.180; bend, bay of a river, Id.2.99;ἕσπεροι ἀγκῶνες S.Aj. 805
; headlands which form a bay, Str.12.8.19; ἀγκῶνες κιθάρας ribs which support the horns of the cithara, Semus I, Hsch.; ends of stomach-bow, Hero Bel.78.4; arms of torsion-engine, Ph.Bel.53.40, al., HeroBel.81.9; cross-bar of same, Bito 49.12; arm of throne or chair, LXX 2 Ch.9.18, Cael.Aur. TP2.1; perh. clamp, PPetr.3p.144.III prov., γλυκὺς ἀ. used κατ' ἀντίΦρασιν of a difficulty, Pl.Phdr. 257d, Clearch.6; expl. by Sch.Pl. l. c., Zen.2.92, Ath.12.516a, from a long bend or reach in the Nile; but apptly. = παραγκάλισμα, thing to be embraced, treasure, Pl Com. 178; also = ἀβρότονον, Dsc.3.24. (For the Root v. ἄγκος.) -
115 ὑπωπιασμός
ὑπωπι-ασμός, ὁ, =A suggillatio, Gloss. -ον, τό, ([etym.] ὤψ) the part of the face under the eyes, νυκτὶ θοῇ ἀτάλαντος ὑπώπια like night in countenance, i.e. dark, gloomy, Il.12.463, cf. Hp.Int.12 (v.l. ὑπόπυα), Philostr.Gym.48.II a blow in the face, black eye, E.Fr. 374, Ar.Ach. 551, V. 1386, Apolloph.3, Lys.4.9, etc.: then, any bruise or weal, Thphr.HP9.20.3, cf. Gal.12.804; improperly applied to a bruise on the foot, as is shown by the joke in Ath.3.97f.2 metaph., blot, disgrace, Cic.Att.1.20.5.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπωπιασμός
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116 ἅμα
Grammatical information: prep., adv.Meaning: `at the same time (with), together (with)' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Dor. ἁμᾶ, orig. instrum., s. Schwyzer 550. ἀμεῖ loc. Delphi. ἁμάκις· ἅπαξ, Κρῆτες H.; Tarent. ἁμάτις H.Derivatives: ἄμυδις (Aeol.) `together'.Etymology: Prob. the zero grade of the root * sem-, * som- in εἷς, ὁμός; perhaps *sm̥h₂-, s. on ὁμός. On the -α s. Schwyzer 622: 8; cf. Ruijgh on κάρτ-α, FS Leroy 1980,189ff. Vgl. 2. ἀμάομαι.See also: ἄμαξαPage in Frisk: 1,83Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἅμα
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117 αὐλή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `open court, courtyard' (seit Il.).Etymology: αὐλή, αὖλις are derivations of the root of ἰ-αύω, ἄεσα `pass the night (in the open air)' (s. v.), also seen in Arm. aw-t` `place to pass the night' and ag-anim `pass the night'. Also supposed in Toch. B aulāre, A olar `companion'.Page in Frisk: 1,186Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αὐλή
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118 βοῦς
βοῦς, βοόςGrammatical information: f. m.Meaning: `bovid, cow, bull, ox' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. qoo \/gʷōns\/? (Ruijgh Études 131). Acc. Dor. and Η 238 βῶν, with Dor. nom. βῶς; Att. acc. βοῦν after βοῦς (Schwyzer 577; s. below)Compounds: As first member βου-, βο(Ϝ)- (before vowel): βουκόλος, βούβοτος, βούτυρον, βοηλάτης, βοῶπις. On augment. βου- s.v. and βούβρωστις, βουγάιε, βουλιμία. On ἑκατόμβη s.v. As second member also - βοιος, e. g. ἐννεά-βοιος (Il.) \< *-βοϜιο- = Skt. gávya- (below).Derivatives: Demin. βοΐδιον (Ar.). - βούτης `cowherd', and adj. `of a cow' (A.), with πολυ-βούτης `rich in cows'; βοεύς `strap of cow-leather' (β 426). - Adj.: βοειος, βόεος (Il.), subst. f. βοείη, βοέη `cow-hide' (Il.). - On Βοῦκος, βουκαῖος s. βουκόλος. S. βοῦα and βουσός.Etymology: Old word preserved in many languages: Skt. gaúḥ, acc. gā́m (= βῶν), Lat. bōs (from Osc.-Umbr.), gen. pl. boum = βοῶν = Skt. gávām, Umbr. acc. bum = βῶν; Arm. kov (u-Stamm), OIr. bó, Germ., e. g. OHG. chuo, Toch.A ko, ki, B keu, Latv. gùovs `cow', OCS gov-ę-do. Adj. *guou̯-io- in - βο(Ϝ)ιος = Skt. gávya-, Arm. kogi `butter'. S. also ἑκατόμβη. - The root will have been * gʷeh₃- seen in βόσκω. The original inflection is still not clear: we expect * gʷeh₃-u-s, gen. gʷh₃-eu-s (as in the proterodynamic inflection); the latter form explains Av. gaoš (and Gr. βοϜ-ος), but not Skt. gauš, nor the acc. gā́m, βών. The Gr. nom. can be * gʷeh₃-us \> βοῦς; the acc. may have *gʷōm \< older * gʷoum,Page in Frisk: 1,260-261Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βοῦς
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119 βοός
βοῦς, βοόςGrammatical information: f. m.Meaning: `bovid, cow, bull, ox' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. qoo \/gʷōns\/? (Ruijgh Études 131). Acc. Dor. and Η 238 βῶν, with Dor. nom. βῶς; Att. acc. βοῦν after βοῦς (Schwyzer 577; s. below)Compounds: As first member βου-, βο(Ϝ)- (before vowel): βουκόλος, βούβοτος, βούτυρον, βοηλάτης, βοῶπις. On augment. βου- s.v. and βούβρωστις, βουγάιε, βουλιμία. On ἑκατόμβη s.v. As second member also - βοιος, e. g. ἐννεά-βοιος (Il.) \< *-βοϜιο- = Skt. gávya- (below).Derivatives: Demin. βοΐδιον (Ar.). - βούτης `cowherd', and adj. `of a cow' (A.), with πολυ-βούτης `rich in cows'; βοεύς `strap of cow-leather' (β 426). - Adj.: βοειος, βόεος (Il.), subst. f. βοείη, βοέη `cow-hide' (Il.). - On Βοῦκος, βουκαῖος s. βουκόλος. S. βοῦα and βουσός.Etymology: Old word preserved in many languages: Skt. gaúḥ, acc. gā́m (= βῶν), Lat. bōs (from Osc.-Umbr.), gen. pl. boum = βοῶν = Skt. gávām, Umbr. acc. bum = βῶν; Arm. kov (u-Stamm), OIr. bó, Germ., e. g. OHG. chuo, Toch.A ko, ki, B keu, Latv. gùovs `cow', OCS gov-ę-do. Adj. *guou̯-io- in - βο(Ϝ)ιος = Skt. gávya-, Arm. kogi `butter'. S. also ἑκατόμβη. - The root will have been * gʷeh₃- seen in βόσκω. The original inflection is still not clear: we expect * gʷeh₃-u-s, gen. gʷh₃-eu-s (as in the proterodynamic inflection); the latter form explains Av. gaoš (and Gr. βοϜ-ος), but not Skt. gauš, nor the acc. gā́m, βών. The Gr. nom. can be * gʷeh₃-us \> βοῦς; the acc. may have *gʷōm \< older * gʷoum,Page in Frisk: 1,260-261Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βοός
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120 γραῦς
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `old woman' (Il.); a sea-crab (Artem., H., s. Strömberg Fischnamen 95, thus also γραῖα [Epich.]); said of the scum of boiled milk (Ar.)Other forms: Gen. γρᾱός (Schwyzer 574)Derivatives: Also γραῖα (Od., also adj. `old') \< *γραῖϜα \< *γρᾱϜ-ιᾰ; coll. γραιβία η γραιτία (i. e. γραιϜία) πανήγυρις. Ταραντῖνοι H.; s. Scheller Oxytonierung 32. - And γρᾱΐς, - ίδος (Charito), Dor. γραῦις (Call.). - γραώδης `like old women' (Chrysipp.), from γραῖα: γραιολέας πονηρὰς η ὀλεθρίας γραίας H. (cf. the adj. in - όλης, but s. DELG; the translation ὀλεθρίας is folk etymology). - Denom. γραΐζω `remove the γραῦς of the milk' (Ar.); from γραῖα: γραιόομαι `get old', of wine (AP).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [390] **greh₂-i̯u- `old woman'Etymology: From the root * gerh₂- in γέρων, γέρας. Prob. \< *γρᾱ-ι̯υ- \<*greh₂-i̯u- with -ι̯υ- as in ὑύς `son' (pl. υἷες). - S. Berger Münch. Stud. z. Sprachwiss. 3, 5f.. Cf. γέρων, γέρας, γῆρας. (Does not contain * h₂oiu, αἰών with Szemerényi.)Page in Frisk: 1,324Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γραῦς
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