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1 αλάτι
sel -
2 πλημμύρισμα
sel basması, sel baskını -
3 πλημμύρα
sel, taşkın, kabarma -
4 πλημμυρίζω
sel basmak, taşmak -
5 δοῦλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `slave, servant', also as adj. with the comp. δουλότερος (Hdt.); δούλη f. `slave-woman, maid' (Il.); on the extension E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 74f.Other forms: δῶλος Cret.;Compounds: many subst. and adj. compp.Derivatives: δουλίς f. (Hyp.; cf. Schwyzer 127 and 465) with δουλίδιον (H.), δουλάριον (Ar.). - δουλοσύνη `servanthood' (Ion., Od.; vgl. Porzig Satzinhalte 226) with δουλόσυνος (E. Hek. 448 [lyr.]); s. Frisk Eranos 43, 220. - δούλιος, - ειος `slavish, of a servant' (Hom.), δούλεος `id.' (A. R.), δουλικός `id.' (Att. etc.), δουλικά ( σώματα) n. pl. `slaves' (Peripl. M. Rubr., Pap.). - Denomin. δουλεύω `be slave, serve' (Ion.-Att.) with δουλεία, ion. - ηΐη `servanthood', δούλευμα `id.' (trag.; s. Chantr. Form. 186), δουλεύτρια `female servant' (Eust.); δουλόομαι, - όω `be made servant' (Ion.-Att.) with δούλωσις (Th.) and δουλωτικός (Plu.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The forms point to *δόελος, prob. from *δοhελος. One adduces: δοῦλος ἡ οἰκία, η την ἐπὶ τὸ αὑτὸ συνέλευσιν τῶν γυναικῶν H. (unclear δωλοδομεῖς οἰκογενεῖς; wrong Schulze Q. 95 A. 3); the word has been changed in δοῦμος (Latte after Wackernagel; aigainst the word order), but there is no conclusion. The word is in any case a loan, acc. to Lambertz Glotta 6, 1ff. from Carian or Lydian (thus Benveniste Rev. d. ét. lat. 10, 438f.); Risch, Kratylos 29 (1984) 96f. remarks that then the word would have appeared much later (than Myc), but it could as well be Pre-Greek. Neumann (FS Risch)1986, 489-496) started from *dm̥-sel-o- \> * doh-elo-, with sel- the root of ἑλεῖν. But `home-taken' does not give the right meaning (while Fr. domestique is perfect), and for o \< *m̥ in Attica etc. he gives only ὄπατρος as example.Page in Frisk: 1,412Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δοῦλος
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6 κραναός
κραναός, hart, rauh, sel sig; bei Hom. Beiwort von Ithaka, IL. 3, 201 Od. 1, 247 u. öfter; nicht von Ithaka Iliad. 3, 445 νήσῳ δ' ἐν κραναῇ (Κρανάῃ?) ἐμίγην φιλότητι καὶ εὐνῇ; Δᾶλος Pind. I. 1, 3; Ἀϑῆναι Ol. 7, 82, öfter, wie es κραναὰ πόλις heißt bei Ar. Ach. 75; ἡ Κραναά allein = die Burg von Athen, Lys. 481; αἱ Κρανααί Av. 123 (s. auch nom. pr.); κραναὰς ἀκαλήφας Ar. bei Ath. II, 62 e.
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7 ἄριστος
ἄριστος (vgl. άρείων), superlat. zu ἀγαϑός, der Beste; bei Hom. bes. Bezeichnung der tapfersten Helden, der Vornehmen, Fürsten; οὕνεκ' ἄριστος ἔην Iliad. 2, 580; ἄνδρα ἄριστον 5, 839; φῶτες ἄριστοι 18, 230; λαὸν ἄριστον Od. 11, 500; πολὺ πλεῖστοι καὶ ἄριστοι λαοί Iliad. 2, 577; ἄριστον Ἀχαιῶν 1, 244; Ἀργείων πάντας ἀρίστους 3, 19; δύ' ἀνέρε δήμου ἀρίστω 12, 447; ἕταρον, φαινομένων τὸν ἄριστον 10, 236; ἄριστος ἐνὶ Θρῄκεσσι τέτυκτο 6, 7; ὅσσοι ἄριστοι ἐνὶ στρατῷ εὐχόμεϑ' εἶναι 15, 296; verstärkt durch μέγα, πολλόν, ὄχα, ἔξοχα: ὃς μέγ' ἄριστος Ἀχαιῶν εὔχεται εἶναι 2, 82; πολλὸν ἄριστος ἀνήρ Od. 15, 521; τίς τ' ἂρ τῶν ὄχ' ἄριστος ἔην Iliad. 2, 761; δύο δ' ἀνέρες ἔξοχ' ἄριστοι 20, 158; mit dat.: ἀρετῇ δ' ἔσαν ἔξοχ' ἄριστοι Od. 4, 629; οἱ γὰρ μνηστήρων ἀρετῇ ἔσαν ἔξοχ' ἄριστοι 22, 244; ἄριστος Ἀχαιῶν τοξοσύνῃ, ἀγαϑὸς δὲ καὶ ἐν σταδίῃ ὑσμίνῃ Iliad. 13, 313; ὅσσον δυνάμει τε καὶ ἥμασιν ἔπλευ ἄριστος 23, 891; υἱέας αὖ πινυτούς τε καὶ ἔγχεσιν εἶναι ἀρίστους Od. 4, 211 ποσὶ κραιπνῶς ϑέομεν καὶ νηυσὶν ἄριστοι 8, 247; βουλῇ μετὰ πάντας ὁμήλικας ἔπλευ ἄριστος Iliad. 9, 54; βροτῶν ὄχ' ἄριστος ἁπάντων βουλῇ καὶ μύϑοισιν Od. 13, 297; mit acc.: νεῖκος ἄριστε, v. l. νείκει, Iliad. 23, 483; εἶδος ἄριστε 3, 39; ἄριστος ἔην εἶδός τε δέμας τε τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν μετ' ἀμύμονα Πηλείωνα Od. 11, 469; mit inf.: τῶν δὲ ϑέειν ὄχ' ἄριστος ἔην Κλυτόνηος Od. 8, 123; οὕνεκ' ἄριστοι πᾶσαν ἐπ' ἰϑύν ἐστε μάχεσϑαί τε φρονέειν τε Iliad. 6, 78; von den Göttern : Ζηνὸς τοῦ ἀρίστου Iliad. 14, 213; Ζεύς, ϑεῶν ὕπατος καὶ ἄριστος 19, 258; φησὶν γὰρ ἐν ἀϑανάτοισι ϑεοῖσιν κάρτεΐ τε σϑένεΐτε διακριδὸν εἶναι ἄριστος 15, 108; Ζεύς, τόν περ ἄριστον ἀνδρῶν ἠδὲ ϑεῶν φασ' ἔμμεναι 19, 95; den Poseidon nennt Zeus πρεσβύτατον καὶ ἄριστον Od. 13, 142; ἄριστοι ἀϑανάτων Iliad. 20, 122; ϑεάων ἀρίστη, Hera, 18, 364; ἄριστοι μάρτυροι, die Götter, 22, 254; ἱερῆας ἀρίστους 9, 575; Πολυφείδεα μάντιν Ἀπόλλων ϑῆκε βροτῶν ὄχ' ἄριστον Od. 15, 253; οἰωνοπόλων ὄχ' ἄριστος Iliad. 1, 69; σὺν ἀνδράσιν οἳ τότ' ἄριστοι ἦσαν ἐνὶ Τροίῃ τέκτονες ἄνδρες 6, 314; σκυτοτόμων ὄχ' ἄριστος Iliad. 7, 221; Φαιήκων βητάρμονες ὅσσοι ἄριστοι Od. 8, 250; χοροιτυπίῃσιν ἄριστοι Iliad. 24, 261; von Weibern: γυναικῶν εἶδος ἀρίστη Od. 7, 57; ϑυγατρῶν εἶδος ἀρίστην Iliad. 6, 252; ἑπτὰ ἔξοχ' ἀρίστας, κούρας, 9, 638; δμωάων ἥ τίς τοι ἀρίστη φαίνεται εἶναι Od. 15, 25; von Thieren: ἵπποι μέγ' ἄρισται ἔσαν Φηρητιάδαο Iliad. 2, 763; ἄριστοι ἴππων 5, 266; συῶν τὸν ἄριστον Od. 14, 108; σιάλων τὸν ἄριστον ἁπάντων 14, 19; τρεῖς σιάλους, οἳ ἔσαν μετὰ πᾶσιν ἄριστοι 20, 163; ἀρνειός, μήλων ὄχ' ἄριστος ἁπάντων 9, 432; αἰγῶν ὅς τις φαίνηται ἄριστος 14, 106; βοῦν, ἥ τις ἀρίστη Iliad. 17, 62; von andern Sachen: τῇ δή οἱ ἐείσατο χῶρος ἄριστος Od. 5, 442; τεύχε' ἄριστα Iliad. 15, 616; ἀ σπίδες ὅσσαι ἄρισται ἐνὶ στρατῷ ἠδὲ μέγισται 14, 371; νῆα, ἥ τις ἀρίστη Od. 1, 280; εἰδήσεις ὅσσον ἄρισται νῆες ἐμαί 7, 327; χηλόν, ἥ τις ἀρίστη 8, 424; ἀρίστην βουλήν Iliad. 9, 74; μῆτιν ἀρίστην 17, 634; εἷς οἰωνὸς ἄριστος, ἀμύνεσϑαι περὶ πάτρης 12, 243; τόδε μέγ' ἄριστον' ἔρεξεν 2, 274; ὃ γάρ κ' ὄχ' ἄριστον ἁπάντων εἴη 12, 344; δοκέει δέ μοι εἶναι ἄριστον Od. 5, 360; ὥς μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι ἄριστα Iliad. 9, 103; ὅπως ὄχ' ἄριστα μετ' ἀμφοτέροισι γένηται 3, 110; ἦ σοῐ ἄριστα πεποίηται κατὰ οἶκον πρὸς Τρώων 6, 56. Statt ὁ ἄριστος öfters ὤριστος, z. B. ἀνὴρ ὤριστος Iliad. 11, 288; ϑεῶν ὤριστος 13, 154; λοῖσϑος ἀνὴρ ὤριστος ἐλαύνει ἴππους 23, 536; οὐ μέν μοι δοκέεις ὁ κάκιστος Ἀχαιῶν ἔμμεναι, ἀλλ' ὤριστος: Od. 17, 416. Bei Art. oft sittliche Vorzüge; doch nicht sel-ten tapfer, Plat.; Xen.; ὦ ἄριστε, eine häufige Anrede bei Plat.
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8 δικαιοδότης
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > δικαιοδότης
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9 θεόκτιστος
A, -ον Trag.Adesp. 85
), created, established, or founded by God, φλόξ l.c., cf. Limen. 36; (Egypt, ii B.C., v. corrigenda); .II name of an eyesalve, Dessau Inscr.Lat.Sel. 8738.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > θεόκτιστος
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10 Θθ
A = ἐννέα, ἔνατος, but [num] θ' = 9, 000: abbreviation for θάνατος (or ἀπέθανε, τέθνηκε, θανατωτέον) found in certain Ptolemaic Mss. of Hp., acc. to Gal.17(1).612, cf. Pers.4.13, Mart.7.37, Wessely Schrifttaf. zur ält.lat.Paläogr.No.8 (ii A.D.), PFay. 105 iii 26 (ii A.D.), Dessau Inscr.Lat.Sel.5140, etc.; v. θῆτα. -
11 Σαβάζιος
Σᾰβάζιος, ὁ, ([etym.] Σαβός) a Phrygian deity, whose mysteries resembled the τελεταί of Dionysus, Thphr.Char.27.8 (but Σαβάδιον [acc.] ib.16.4, cf. Dessau Inscr.Lat.Sel.2189), Nymphis 11; hence afterwards taken as a name of Dionysus himself, Ar.V.9, Av. 875, Lys. 388;A ([place name] Bithynia), cf. IG12(5).27 ([place name] Sicinus);Δὶ Σαβαζίῳ BMus.Inscr.1100
(Italy, iii A.D.); Διὶ Σεβαζίῳ (sic) Supp.Epigr.1.302 ([place name] Thrace): also [full] Σαόαζος AJA3(1887).363 ([place name] Phrygia); τοῦ Διὸς Σαουάζου IGRom.4.889(ibid.); [full] Σαβάδιος, Gloss.II Adj. Σᾰβάζιος, α, ον, Bacchic, θύσθλα cj. in Opp.C.1.26;τὰ Σαβάζια Str.10.3.18
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > Σαβάζιος
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12 ἰατρόμαια
ἰατρό-μαια, ἡ,Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἰατρόμαια
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13 ἅλλομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `spring, leap' (Il.).Other forms: Aor. ἀλτο (Hom.) Aeolic form with augment? (Schwyzer 751 with n. 1)Compounds: προαλης (Hom.) `sloping, rushing forward'Derivatives: ἅλμα `jump' (Hom.). ἁλτήρ (Crates Com.) in sports `weights kept in the hands while jumping'.Etymology: From *ἅλ-ιομαι. Identical with Lat. salio (\< *sl̥-i-; * sal- is impossible, as PIE had no phoneme a.). Further perhaps to Skt. ásaram `run, rush' (Narten MSS 26 (1969) 77ff.) Very doubtful OCS slьpati `ἅλλομαι', Slov. slâp (\< * solpo-) `(water)fall, wave'; a root-enlargement -p- is rare in IE. - See on πάλλομαι.Page in Frisk: 1,76Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἅλλομαι
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14 ἑλεῖν
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `take, get into one's power', med. `take to himself, choose' (Il.).Other forms: Aor., iterative-preterite ἕλεσκονCompounds: Often with prefix: ἀφ-, ἀν-, ἐξ-, προ- usw. As 1. in ἑλέ-π(τ)ολις `conquering cities' surname of Helena (A. Ag. 689 [lyr.]), also name of a siege machine (Ph. Bel.); ἑλένα\<υ\>ς (A. ibid.) with reference to Helena.Derivatives: ἕλωρ n. (only in nom.-acc. sg. and pl.) `plunder, capture, booty' (Il.); also (Schwyzer 470, n. 4) ἑλώριον `id.'.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As some places suggest an anl. Ϝ- (diff. Solmsen Unt. 251 n. 1), Chantraine Form. 219, Gramm. hom. 1, 152 considers an alternation * swel-\/ sel- and connection with ἁλίσκομαι, Lat. vellō (unclear). Beside ἑλεῖν Germanic has a jot present Goth. saljan `offer, sacrifice', ONord. selja `render, sell', OHG sellen `render, give up' etc. (evt Gr. *ὁλέω) with the postverbal nouns ONord. sal(a) `rendition, sale', OHG sala `rendering' etc. Because of the meaning it is generally considered as a causative to ἑλεῖν ("nehmen machen"), which is unnecessary, cf. αἴνυμαι, also e. g. ONord. fā (= Goth. fahan) `take' and `give'. OCS sъlati `send' is doubtful, as is Lat. cōn-silium, s. Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. slatь and W.-Hofmann s. v. - As suppletive verb to ἑλεῖν we have αἱρέω (s. v.).Page in Frisk: 1,487-488Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἑλεῖν
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15 ἑλίκη 1
ἑλίκη 1.Grammatical information: f.Dialectal forms: Myc. erika \/helikā\/Derivatives: Έλικών, - ῶνος (Hes. Op. 639, Ϝελ- Korinna) "willow-mountain, Viminalis" (Boeotia) with Έλικών-ιος, f. - ιάς, - ίς (Υ 404 Έ-ιος ἄναξ of Poseidon, s. v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 213 and 336 n. 2, Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 447 n. 6) Hes., Pi.; on Έλικωνιάς as plant name Strömberg Pflanzennamen 126. - Myk. e-ri-ka?Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Boeot. Ϝελικών forbids the comparison with Lat. salix. One compares an old Westgermanic word for `willow', OE welig, OS wilgia, MHG wilge. But this again is impossible because of Mycenaean. DELG notes * swel-\/* sel- which solves nothing.Page in Frisk: 1,494Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἑλίκη 1
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16 ἰάλλω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `send forth, put forth, dispatch' (Il.; also Th. 5, 77, Dor.); intr. `flee' (Hes. Th. 269).Derivatives: Ίάλμενος PN (Il.), cf. below.Etymology: A reduplicated yot-present, of which the reduplication was preserved in the non-present forms, i. e. *ἰ-αλ-ι̯ω. If the aspiration in ἱάλλω (Hdn. Gr. 1, 539; also in φιαλεῖς [Ar. V. 1348] and φιαλοῦμεν [Ar. Pax 432] for ( ἐ)πιαλ-) is original, ἱάλλω could belong to ἅλλομαι (Leumann Hom. Wörter 80 n. 45). As however the aspiration can be due to folketymologisal connection with ἵημι, the connection proposed by Kuhn KZ 5, 195f. with Skt. present íy-ar-ti `incite, sets in motion' (cf. Ίάλ-μενος) seems to be the best solution. - Older ideas in Bq. - Narten connects Skt. sísarti 1stretch out, draw out (but no to sisrate), Münch. Stud. Spr. 26 (1969) 77ff.Page in Frisk: 1,703Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἰάλλω
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17 ἱλάσκομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `appease, be merciful', perf. intr. and aor. pass. `be gracious' (Il.)Other forms: rarely ἵλαμαι (h. Hom. 19, 48; 21, 5; inf. ἵλασθαι Orph. A. 944; on the quantity of the anlauts s. below), ἱλάονται (Β 550, ἱλάεσθαι A. R. 2, 847); aor. ἱλάσ(σ)ασθαι (Il.), ἱλάξασθαι (Delph., A. R.), pass. ἱλασθῆναι (LXX); fut. ἱλάσ(σ)ομαι (Pl., Orac. ap. Paus. 8, 42, 6), ἱλάξομαι (A. R.); perf. ipv. Aeol. ἔλλαθι (gramm., B. 10, 8), pl. ἔλλατε (Call. Fr. 121); besides ἵλᾰθι, ἵλᾰτε (Theoc., A. R.), ἵληθι (γ 380, π 184), cf. below; subj. ἱλήκῃσι (φ 365), opt. ἱλήκοι etc. (h. Ap. 165, AP, Alciphr.),Compounds: Also with prefix, esp. ἐξ-,Derivatives: ἐξίλασις, ( ἐξ-)ἱλασμός (LXX), ἱλασία (inscr. Rom. empire), ( ἐξ-)ἵλασμα `appeasement, expiatory sacrifice' (LXX), ἱλάσιμος `appeasing' (M.Ant.; after ἰάσιμος a. o., Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 93), ἱλαστήριος `appeasing', - ιον `propitiatory gift' (LXX, pap.), also (analog.) ἱλατήριον ( Chron. Lind.), ἱλαστής `appeaser' (Aq., Thd.) with ἐξιλαστικός (Corn.). - Older formations: 1. ἵλαος (ep. Arc.; on the quantity of the α below), ἵλεως (Att., also Ion.), ἵλεος (Cret. since IIIa, also Hdt.), hιλέ̄Ϝο̄ι dat. (Lac., IG 5: 1, 1562, VI-Va), ἴλλαος (Aeol., gramm.) `merciful, benevolent'; Arc. `appeased'; denomin. verb ἱλαόομαι ( ΜΑΜΑ 1, 230), ἱλεῶμαι, ἱλεόομαι (A. Supp. 117 [lyr.], Pl.; cf. Schulze Kl. Schr. 324f.) `appease' with ἱλέωσις (Plu.), ἱλεωτήριον (Phot., Suid.). 2. ἱλαρός `clear, glad', also = ἵλεως (Ar., X.) with ἱλαρότης, ἱλαρία, ἱλαρόω, - ρύνω, - ρεύομαι (hell.); Lat. loan hilarus, -is. 3. ἰλλάεις, - εντος (Alc.), ἱλᾶς, - ᾶντος (Hdn. Gr., H.) = ἴλλαος, ἵλαος and lengthened (cf. Schwyzer 527). 4. ἱλάειρα f. of φλόξ and σελήνη (Emp.; quantity changing, cf. below), also ἑλάειρα (sch., Steph. Byz.) and ΕΛΕΡΑ (Kretschmer Vas. 208; s. also Schulze Kl. Schr. 716), innovation after πίειρα, κτεάτειρα, Δάειρα etc., Chantr. Form. 104, Schwyzer 543.Etymology: Decisive for the interpretation of these forms is the Aeol. imperative ἔλλαθι, ἔλλατε, for *σε-σλα-θι, - τε and so like τέ-τλα-θι, ἕ-στα-θι, δείδιθι = δέ-δϜι-θι to be seen as a perfect form. Die metrisch feststellbare Länge des α in ἔλλᾱθι bei B. 10, 8 muß wie in ἵλᾱος (s. unten) sekundär sein. The agreeing IA *εἵλαθι, of which the reduplication was no longer recognizable, was after φάνηθι etc. replaced by εἵληθι ἵλεως γίνου H. Another center of the formations was the reduplicated present ἱ̄λάσκομαι \< *σι-σλᾰ́-σκομαι, of which the anlauting vowel-length was introduced in other forms: perf. subj. and opt. ἱλήκῃσι, ἱλήκοι for *εἱλ- (ind. *εἵληκα like εἴρηκα, τέ-τλη-κα), perh. also in ἵλᾰθι, - τε and Hom. ἵληθι (cf. εἵληθι H.), (or from *σι-σλη-θι). Also in the aorist- and future-forms ἱλάσ(σ)ασθαι, ἱλάξασθαι, ἱλάσσομαι, ἱλάξομαι the length was introduced; beside it there is short in ἱλάσσεαι (Α 147), ἱλασσάμενοι (Α 100), ἵλαμαι (h. Hom.; but ἵ̄λασθαι Orph.), ἱλάομαι, also in ἱλαρός and ἱλάειρα (Emp. 85). The short ῐ- which is ununderstandable, may replace the ε- ( ἑλάειρα [s. above], *ἕλαμαι, *ἑλαρός) after ἱλάσκομαι. - Also ἵληϜος, ἵλεως, ἵλᾰος from reduplicated *σι-σλη-, σι-σλᾰ-. The old ablaut selǝ-: sleh₁-: slǝ- (cf. telǝ-: tlā-: tlǝ- in τελα-μών: ἔ-τλᾱ-ν: τέ-τλᾰ-θι) of which sla- is analog. - More on the Greek forms (after Froehde a. a. O., Solmsen KZ 29, 350f., Schulze Q. 466f., Bechtel Lex. 175ff., Wackernagel Unt. 81) in Schwyzer 281, 681, 689 w. n. 2, 710, 800 etc., Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 13; 22; 299; 427 etc. - Fundamental is Klingenschmitt, MSS 28 (1970) 75-88, who showed that Arm. aɫač`em `pray' \< *slh₂-ske\/o- is the closest relative. The Greek form goes back on *si-slh₂-ske\/o-; the aorist would have been * selh₂-s- of which the initial has been influenced by the present.Page in Frisk: 1,721-722Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἱλάσκομαι
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18 σφεκλαρᾶς
Grammatical information: glass-maker of special glass (Robert, Op. Min. Sel.2, 93--932).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Lat.Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σφεκλαρᾶς
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19 Εὔξεινος πόντος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `the Black Sea' (Hdt., Pi.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably] Iran.Etymology: Prob. euphemistic for ἄξε(ι)νος `inhospitable' (of the Black Sea e. g. Pi. P. 4, 263, E. IT 348), from Iranian (Scythian?) through folk-etymology, cf. Av. axšaēna- `dark-coloured'. Vasmer Osteur. Ortsnamen (Acta Univ. Dorp. B: I 3 [1921]) 3ff., Jacobsohn KZ 54, 254ff. S. also Allen Class. Quart. 41, 86ff.; 42, 60 against Moorhouse ib. 34, 123ff.; 42, 59f., who rejects Iranian origin. Recently R. Schmitt, Sel. Onom. Writings (2000) 158-163, who assumes that these names did not refer to a reality, but that the colour-names were used to indicate the cardinal points, for which he gives reff. in n. 7 (but none about Persia); the use of the colour names would have to be the same as in the Slavic world; his reference to the interest of the Persian kings in maritime connections proves nothing. Also the fact that several southern seas were called `red' might better be connected with the fact that Homer knows two Ethiopia's; and καλεομένη just means `(was) called', not `so-called' and is not "a clear hint on the improper or figurative use of the \<colour\>word."Page in Frisk: 1,590Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Εὔξεινος πόντος
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20 περισσός
περισσός, ή, όν (cp. πέριξ and s. three next entries; Hes., Hdt.+. Prim.: ‘exceeding the usual number or size’; Gignac I 146)① pert. to that which is not ordinarily encountered, extraordinary, remarkable (Pla., Apol. 20c οὐδὲν τῶν ἄλλων περισσὸν πραγματεύεσθαι; BGU 417, 22 περισσὸν ποιήσω=I am going to do someth. extraordinary; En 102:7) τί περισσὸν ποιεῖτε; what are you doing that is remarkable? Mt 5:47 (cp. Plut., Mor. 233a τί οὖν μέγα ποιεῖς; what, then, are you doing that is so great?—ELombard, L’Ordinaire et l’Extraordinaire [Mt 5:47]: RTP 15, 1927, 169–86). Subst. τὸ περισσόν the advantage (WSchubart, Der Gnomon des Idios Logos 1919, 102 [II A.D.]) τὸ π. τοῦ Ἰουδαίου the advantage of the Judean (Jew) Ro 3:1 (s. Ἰουδαῖο 2a). LCerfaux, Le privilège d’Israël sel. s. Paul: ETL 17, ’40, 5–26.② pert. to being extraordinary in amount, abundant, profuseⓐ going beyond what is necessary περισσὸν ἔχειν have (someth.) in abundance J 10:10 (cp. X., Oec. 20, 1 οἱ μὲν περισσὰ ἔχουσιν, οἱ δὲ οὐδὲ τὰ ἀναγκαῖα δύνανται πορίζεσθαι; Plut., Mor. 523d). For περισσότερον J 10:10 P75 s. περισσότερο c.ⓑ superfluous, unnecessary (Trag. et al.; cp. 2 Macc 12:44; TestJob 47:1) περισσόν μοί ἐστιν τὸ γράφειν ὑμῖν it is unnecessary for me to write to you 2 Cor 9:1 (Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 238 II, 4 περισσὸν ἡγοῦμαι διεξοδέστερον ὑμῖν γράφειν). περισσὸν ἡγοῦμαι I consider it superfluous (Appian, Prooem. 13 §50; Jos., Ant. 3, 215; cp. Philo, Agr. 59) Dg 2:10. W. ἄχρηστος 4:2.③ in the comparative sense; περισσός together w. its adv. and comp. is a colloquial substitute for μᾶλλον, μάλιστα as well as for πλείων, πλεῖστος (B-D-F §60, 3; Rob. 279; KKrumbacher, ByzZ 17, 1908, 233). τό περισσὸν τούτων whatever is more than this, whatever goes beyond this Mt 5:37 (on the gen. s. B-D-F §185, 1; Rob. 660).—ἐκ περισσοῦ (Περὶ ὕψους 34, 2; Vi. Aesopi I G 43 P.; Dositheus 40, 4; Da 3:22 Theod.) Mk 6:51 s. ἐκ 6c and λίαν a.—DELG s.v. περί. M-M. TW.
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