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41 ἔνερθε(ν)
ἔνερθε(ν)Grammatical information: adv., prep.Meaning: `(from) below, below'.Derivatives: Compare ἔνεροι `those below, those below the earth', of the dead and the gods below the earth (Hom.), ἐνέρτερος, νέρτερος `below (the earth)' (Hom.), sup. ἐνέρτατος `the lowest' (Emp.).Etymology: Cf. the opposites ὕπερ-θε(ν), ὑπέρ-τερος, - τατος, to ὑπέρ; also ὕπερον, ὑπέρα (s. vv.). - A good formal agreement to νέρτερος gives Italic in Umbr. nertru `sinistro', Osc. nertra-k `a sinistra'. One compares further Germanic words for `north', e. g. OWNo. norđr n., which requires zero grade: PGm. *núrÞra-, IE *nr̥tro-. Basic meaning: `region where the sun is below', or `left side of someone who prays when turning to the east'. Another formation in Arm. ner-k`-in `the one below' (cf. i nerk`oy, i nerk` ust `(from) below'). Diff. again is Skt. naraka- `hell' (Wackernagel-Debrunner Ai. Gramm. II: 2, 150). Without consonantal suffix Toch. B ñor `below'; also A ñare, B nray, nrey `world below, hell' rather LW [loanword] from Skt.. niraya- `id.'; cf. Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 180. - As Armenian has no e-, this may be a Greek innovation. (Improbable Bezzenberger BB 27, 174, Güntert IF 27, 49 and Sonne KZ 14, 11: ἔν ἔρᾳι = in the earth). - Further to Lith. neriù, ner̃ti `dive in, slip in' etc. (s. δενδρύω)? S. also νειρός. - The e- may be compared with that of ἐκεῖ?Page in Frisk: 1,514-515Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔνερθε(ν)
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42 ἕρμα 1
ἕρμα 1.Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `prop', in the Il. (and h. Ap. 507) in plur. of the supports (stones or beams), put under the ships when drawn on land; metaph. of men, `support, column' (Il.); `cliff under the sea, on which the ship gets stuck' (Alk. Supp. 26, 6, Hdt. 7, 183, Th. 7, 25); `stone, or another weight, that can serve as ballast' (Ar., Arist.); `hope of stones' (S. Ant. 848 [lyr.], AP 9, 319).Compounds: XX [etym. unknown]Derivatives: ἑρμί̄ς (or -ί̄ν), acc. ἑρμῖνα, dat. pl. - ῖσιν `post of a bed' (θ278, ψ 198, Hdt. 3, 16; cf. ῥηγμῖν- from ῥῆγμα, σταμῖν- etc.); vgl. Hdn. Gr. 2, 431 with etymological speculations. ἕρμαξ f. `heap of stones' (Nic. a. o.), Ngr. ἑρμακιά ( ἁρ-) `wall of dry stones', many derivv. in the lower Ital. diall, s. Rohlfs WB 78f.; ἕρμακες ὕφαλοι πέτραι H. (cf. λίθαξ, μύλαξ a. o.). ἑρμεών σωρὸς λίθων H. (cf. βολεών s. βάλλω etc.). ἑρματίτης πέτρος `stone serving as ballast' (Lyk. 618). ἑρματικός `standing fest, resting..' ( κράββατος, PGen. 68, 10; IVp). ἑρμαῖος λόφος `heap of stones' (π 471; uncertain, cf. on Έρμῆς). - Denomin. verbs. ἑρμάζω `support, make stable' (Hp.) with ἕρμασμα, - σμός (Hp.), ἕρμασις (Erot., also Trozen IVa [- σσ-]; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 149); ἑρματίζω `id.' (Hp.). - On Έρμῆς ( Έρμείας, Έρμάων) s. v.Etymology: Difficult because of the divergent meanings. One supposed two or three diffrent words. So in WP. 1, 267 ἕρμα `cliff' is considered a separate word (with Froehde BB 17, 304) and connected with Skt. várṣman- n. `height, hill, top, point'. This etymology however disregards the most important element of cliffs under the sea. On the other hand ἕρμα as ballast of a ship in WP. 1, 265 is with Vaniček and Fick (s. also W.-Hofmann s. sērius) connected with Lith. sveriù `weigh', svarùs `heavy', OHG swār(i) ` schwer'. In the meaning `support, prop' (2, 528) one connects words for `pole etc.', e. g. Skt. sváru- `pole,...at a sacrifice', OE swer `post, column', Lat. surus `twig, sprout, pole'. But it is very doubtful whether ἕρμα ever meant `pole'. - An attempt to combime all meanings makes Porzig Satzinhalte 266: the orig. meaning would be a `stone (for propping up a ship)', from where `Ballast-stones', and on the other hand - sarcastically - also `cliffs under the sea'. - Formally ἕρμα seems a verbal noun in - μα with regular ε-vowel. For an etym. one might think of Lith. sveriù `weigh' and relatives (s. above); so orig. `heavy weight, stone', IE *su̯ér-mn̥. - Kretschmer Kleinas. Forsch. 1, 4 thinks ἕρμα is Anatolian, pointing to the Lydian river Ε῝ρμος ( πολυψήφιδα παρ' Ε῝ρμον Orac. ap. Hdt. 1, 55), partly to Lycian PN in Erm-, Arm-. For non-IE origin also Chantraine L'Ant. class. 22, 69. - Wrong Gonda Mnemos. 3: 6, 165f. (Lat. sĕra, Gr. ἅρπη `sickle', IE * ser-.) - I see no reason for foreign origin.Page in Frisk: 1,562-563Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἕρμα 1
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43 μάσσω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `knead (dough), press a plastic material in a form, strike, wipe off, pull, represent' (τ 92).Other forms: Att. μάττω, - ομαι, aor. μάξαι, - σθαι, pass. μαγῆναι, μαχθῆναι, perf. midd. μέμαγμαι, act. μέμαχα (Ar.).Derivatives: Many derivv. 1. ἐκμαγεῖον ( μαγεῖον Longin.) `mass, in which prints are made, offprint, mould, towel, serviette' (IA.). 2. μαγίς, - ίδος f. `kneaded mass, cake, kneading trough, dresser' (Hp., Com, S.). 3. μάγμα n. `kneaded mass, thick salve, smear' (pap., Plin.), ἔκ-, ἀπό-μαγμα `offprint, duster, wiped off dirt' (Hp., S., Thphr.), μαγμον τὸ καθάρσιον H. 4. ἔκ-, ἀνά-μαξις `wiping off' (Arist.). -- 5. μαγεύς m. `kneeader, baker, who wipes off' (Poll., AP, H.), prob. directly from verb (after Boßhardt 81 from *μαγή). 6. μακτήρ ἡ κάρδοπος, ἡ πυελίς. καὶ διφθέρα. καὶ ὀρχήσεως σχῆμα H. (on the dance name Lawler AmJPh 71, 70ff.); ( ἀπο-, κατα-)μάκτης `kneader, who wipes off' ( Com. Adesp., H.), f., ἀπομάκτρια (Poll.). 7. μάκτρα f. `baking trough' (Com., X.), `trough, bathing tub, sarcophagus' (hell.; wr. μάκρα, Schwyzer 337); ( ἔκ-, ἀπό-)-μάκτρον `offprint, towel etc.' (E., Ar.). 8. μακτήριον = μάκτρα (Plu.). 9. μακτρισμός name of a dance (Ath.; after κορδακισμός; cf. on μακτήρ above) with - ίστρια name of a danceress (ebd.). -- 10. ἀπομαγδαλιά (Ar., Plu., Gal.), μαγδαλιά (Gal.; - έα Hippiatr.) `bread crumb for handwashing'; like ἁρμαλιά, φυταλιά etc. (Scheller Oxytonierung 90), but with unexplained δ (after *ἀπομάγδην?). -- 11. With auslaut. κ: μακαρία βρῶμα ἐκ ζωμοῦ καὶ ἀλφίτων H. -- On μᾶζα s. v.Etymology: For comparison we have words with final g, IE *maǵ-, esp. in Germanic and Baltoslavic, e.g. NHG machen, OS makōn `make, erect, build', if prop. `knead, form', OCS mažǫ, mazati `smear, salve'; further Celt., e.g. Bret. meza `knead'; uncertain Arm. macanim, macnum `stick fast, congeal'. On the other hand we find a final k with nasal, IE * menk-, in Lith. mìnkau, mánkau, - yti `knead a weak masse', OCS mǫka, Russ. muká `flour' and many other Baltoslavic words; from Germ. one might consider NHG mengen, OE mengan etc., if prop. `knead together'; from Skt. macate `crush etc.' (Dhātup.). Further there are a few longvowel words without nasal: Latv. màcu, màkt `press, plague' and Lat. māceria `wall)kneaded from loam'. -- Of the Greek word only the isolated μακαρία has a clear tenuis, as μάσσω (first from *μακ-ι̯ω) can be explained as a deviation. As however also μαγῆναι as well as the nominal γ-forms can be so explained (cf. Schwyzer 760), one can explain Greek if necessary with IE * menk. A suppletive system * menk (: μακαρία, μάσσω): maǵ-(: μαγῆναι) is conceivable -- WP. 2, 224, 226f., 268, Pok. 696f., 698, 730f., W.-Hofmann s. māceria, Fraenkel s. mìnkyti u. mė́šlas, Vasmer s. mázatь, muká, mjágkij; s. also Bq. - One retains some doubts however; note among other things the form - μαγδαλιά; further the supposed interchange * menk-: *meh₂ǵ- arouses suspicion.Page in Frisk: 2,180-181Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μάσσω
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44 ὄμβρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `rain, shower, thunder rain', also `rainwater', metaph. `water' (Il.).Compounds: As 1. member e.g. in ὀμβρο-φόρος `bringing rain' (A., Ar.); often as 2. member, e.g. ἔπ-, κάτ-ομβρος `rainy, wet because of rain' (Hp., Arist.; Strömberg Prefix Studies 108f., 145).Derivatives: Several adj.: ὄμβρ-ιος `belonging to rain, like rain' (Pi., Ion.), - ηρός `wet' (Hes.), - ηλός `id.' (Theognost.: cf. ὑδρηλός and Chantraine Form. 242), - ώδης `abundant in rain' (Thphr.), - ικός `id.' (Vett. Val.), - ιμος = `belonging to rain, rainy' (Nic. Th. 388, v.l., PMag. Lond.; Arbenz 25); also ἀνομβρήεις `abundant in rain' (Nic. Al. 288, Ὄλυμπος, from ἀν-ομβρέω; cf. below). -- Subst. ὀμβρία f. `rain' (sch.; cf. ἀντλία, ὑετία a.o., Scheller Oxytonierung 54f.). -- Verbs: 1. ὀμβρέω, - ῆσαι, also with ἀν-, ἐπ- a.o., `to (make) rain, to bewet' (Hes., LXX, A. R.) with ( ἐπ-)όμβρησις f. `raining etc.' (Suid., sch.), ὄμβρημα n. `rainwater' (LXX); 2. ὀμβρίζω = - έω (Eust.); 3. ὀμβροῦται imbricitur (Gloss.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: With ὄμβρος one compares first Lat. imber, - ris -n. `rain(shower)' with the same meaning with perh. second. i-flexion; Further, with slightly deviating meaning, Skt. abhrá-m n. `cloud'. One assumed that β after nasal could represent an aspirate, which is wrong (pace Schwyzer 333), so abhra- must be left out (for imber also * embhro- is possible). One assumed in these words an r-stem and beside it an s-stem, which was seen in Skt. ámbhas n. `water', also `rainwater' [for the same reason Arm. amb, amp, gen. -oy `cloud' must be left out.] -- There is no connection with νέφος, νεφέλη etc. -- Further several Europ. rivernames of Celt. origin(?) have been compared with ὄμβρος, e.g. NHG Amper, Engl. Amber. -- So wrong Pok. 315f. - So ομβρος has no etymology; Szemerenyi, Syncope 241f, 249 assumes a loanword (= a Pre-Greek word).Page in Frisk: 2,384-385Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄμβρος
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45 οὑδός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `threshold' (Il.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Unexplained. A supposed basis *ὀδϜός (Schwyzer 301; cf. Schulze Q. 113 w. n. 9 a. Add., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 162) makes connection with οὖδας possible, if one accepts this as a generalized Ion. form (Att. *ὄδας); J.Schmidt Pluralbild. 341; against this Schulze Q. 114 n. 1). If one furher wants to connect Arm. getin, Hitt. utne (s. οὖδας), one must, for οὖδας and οὑδός, start from ὀ-Ϝοδ- (with vowelprothesis), beside ὀδός from *Ϝοδ-ός (WP. 1, 254; Belardi Doxa 3, 217, where *ὀ-Ϝεδας is posited); not attractive. To be rejected ( ὁδός, ἔδαφος) Brugmann IF 13, 85 a.o.; against it Solmsen KZ 32, 286. - The word could well be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,442Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > οὑδός
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46 διασκευάζω
A get ready, set in order, τι Plb.15.27.9:—[voice] Pass., PTeb. 24.32 (ii B. C.).II equip,τινὰ βασιλικῶς Luc.Nec.16
:—[voice] Pass., εἰς Σατύρους διεσκευασμένοι dressed as.., Plu.Ant.24; ὅπλοις Aen. Tact.26.1:—[voice] Med., prepare for oneself, provide,τἆλλα ὡς ἐς πλοῦν Th.4.38
; arm, equip or prepare oneself,ὡς εἰς μάχην X.HG4.2.19
;διεσκευάσθαι πρὸς τὸν δῆμον Din.1.70
; διασκευάσασθαι πρὸς τοὺς δικαστάς prepare all one's tricks for a trial, X.Ath.3.7.III [voice] Med., διασκευασάμενος τὴν οὐσίαν having disposed of one's property, D.29.3.2 compile,ἐκ πολλῶν [βιβλίων Gal.15.10
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > διασκευάζω
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47 μετέωρος
A raised from off the ground,τάφον ἑωυτῇ κατεσκευάσατο μ. Hdt.1.187
;σκέλεα δὲ.. κατακρέμαται μ. Id.4.72
;μ. ἐξεκόμισαν τὰς ἁμάξας X.An.1.5.8
; πῆχυς μ. an arm hanging (without support from a bandage), Hp.Fract.7; μ. αἰωρηθῆναι, of a man, Id.Art.70: freq. of anatomical structures, unsupported, Gal.2.469, al.; τὰ μ. οἰκήματα, opp. τὰ ὑπόγαια, Hdt.2.148; -ότερος.. τῶν σαύρων raised higher than.., above.., of the chamaeleon, Arist.HA 503a21; of high ground,τῶν χωρίωντὰ-ότατα Th.4.32
; ἀπὸ τοῦ μ. ib. 128, cf. D.55.29 ([comp] Comp.); χωρία νέμεσθαι -ότερα, opp. ἑλώδη, Arist.HA 596b4;τὰ -ότατα μέρη Protagorid.4
; κατὰ τὸ μ. τοῦ ποταμοῦ as one looks up the river, Paus.8.30.2.2 on the surface,ἀπὸ τοῦ -οτάτου IG22.1668.8
: hence, prominent, of eyes, X.Cyn.4.1; of roots, running along the ground, opp. βαθύρριζος, Thphr.HP3.10.3, CP1.3.4, 5.9.8; ἀλγήματα μ. superficial pains, Hp.Aph.6.7;τομαί Id.Loc.Hom.13
; πνεῦμα μ. shallow, not deep, Id.Epid.3.1.ζ, Gal.7.946; - ότερον ἄσθμα more rapid breathing, Phld.Ir.p.27 W.; also μ. ὀχετοί open, surface drains, Arist.Ath.50.2, OGl483.62 (Pergam., ii B.C.).II = μετάρσιος, in mid-air, high in air,ἀνακινῆσαί τινα μ. Hdt.4.94
;ἆραί τινα μ. Ar.Eq. 1362
;μ. αἴρεσθαι Id. Pax80
; Ἀήρ, ὃς ἔχεις τὴν γῆν μ. poised on high, Id.Nu. 264;ἀφικνεῖ μ. ὑπ' αὔρας Cratin. 207
; τὰ μ. χωρία the regions of air, Ar.Av. 818, cf. 690; κρεμασθεὶς καὶ βλέπων μ. looking into mid-air, Pl.Tht. 175d; of birds,μ. ἀεὶ μένειν ἀδύνατον Arist.IA 714a21
; of fish,μ. πέτεσθαι Id.HA 535b28
; μ. νεῖν swim near the surface, ib. 602b22; τὰ μ. things in the heaven above, astronomical phenomena, Hp.VM1; οὐ γὰρ ἄν ποτε ἐξηῦρον ὀρθῶς τὰ μ. πράγματα, says Socrates, Ar.Nu. 228, cf. 1284; τὰ μ. φροντιστής, of Socrates, Pl.Ap. 18b;ἀλαζονεύεται περὶ τῶν μ. Eup.146b
;τὰ μ. καὶ τὰ ὑπὸ γῆς Pl.Ap. 23d
, cf. Epicur.Ep.1p.27U., etc.: [comp] Comp., οἶσθα -ότερόν τι τῶν θεῶν; X.Smp.6.7. Adv. -ως Philostr.VA4.21.2 on the high sea, of ships,καθορῶσι τὰς.. ναῦς μ. Th.1.48
;αἱ δὲ μ. ὥρμουν Id.4.26
;μίαν ναῦν ἀπολλύασι μ. Id.8.10
; of persons,ὅσοι μὴ μ. ἑάλωσαν Id.7.71
;μ. πλεῖν Str.2.3.4
.3 of a horse, high-stepping,πομπικῷ καὶ μ. καὶ λαμπρῷ ἵππῳ X.Eq.11.1
.4 generally, unsettled, fermenting, undigested,μ. καὶ ἄπεπτα καὶ ἄκρητα Hp.VM19
; inflated,ὑποχόνδρια Id.Aph.4.73
.III metaph., of the mind, buoyed up, in suspense,Ἑλλὰς ἅπασα μετέωρος ἦν Th.2.8
;μετεώρῳ <τῇ> πόλει κινδυνεύειν Id.6.10
;μ. ταῖς διανοίαις Plb.3.107.6
, etc.; μ. ταῖς ἐπιβολαῖς ἐπὶ πόλεμον eager for.., Id.5.101.2;πρὸς ἐλπίδας Id.5.62.1
; ἐπί τινος or τινι, Luc.Dem.Enc.28, Merc.Cond.15;μ. πορεύῃ εἰς Ἀθήνας Arr.Epict.3.24.75
, cf. Jul.Or.3.122d; haughty, puffed up, Plb.3.82.2, LXX 2 Ki.22.28;γαῦρος καὶ μ. Luc.Nigr.5
; μετέωρε 'proud one', AP5.20 (Rufin.); of style, inflated, opp. ὑψηλός (sublime), Longin.3.2: also in good sense, τὸ μ. καὶ πομπικόν (cf. 11.3) elevation of style, D.H.Is.19.2 of conditions, uncertain,τῶν πραγμάτων ὄντων μ. D.19.122
;ὁπηνίκα ἂν τὰ τῆς βασιλείας μ. ᾖ Hdn. 2.12.4
; unsettled,χρόνος μ. καὶ κινδυνώδης Heph.Astr.2.28
, cf. 33. Adv. - ρως, ἔχειν Plu.Cim.13
.3 of contracts, transactions, suits, etc., in suspense, pending,δικαστήριον τὸ διαλῦσον τὰ μ. συμβόλαια Supp.Epigr.1.363.9
(Samos, iii B.C.);μ. οἰκονομίαι POxy.238.1
(i A.D.), cf.PFay.116.12 (ii A.D.); ; μετέωρα, τά, unfinished business, PRyl.144.10 (i A.D.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μετέωρος
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48 μή
A mā´, Arm. mi [from I.-E. mē´], negative used in prohibitions):— not, the negative of the will and thought, as οὐ of fact and statement; μή rejects, οὐ denies; μή is relative, οὐ absolute; μή subjective, οὐ objective. (A few examples of μηδέ and μηδείς have been included.)A in INDEPENDENT sentences, used in expressions of will or wish, command, entreaty, warning,1 with [tense] pres. imper., 2 pers.,μή μ' ἐρέθιζε Il.1.32
, al.; 3 pers.,μή μευ πειράτω 9.345
, etc.: rarely with [tense] aor. imper.,μὴ.. ἔνθεο τιμῇ 4.410
, cf. Od.24.248; in [dialect] Att.,μὴ ψεῦσον, ὦ Ζεῦ, τῆς.. ἐλπίδος Ar.Th. 870
; 3 pers.,μή τις ἀκουσάτω Od.16.301
, cf. Pi.O.8.55, P.5.23, A.Th. 1041, S.Aj. 1180;μηδεὶς νομισάτω, προσδοκησάτω X.Cyr.7.5.73
, Pl.Ap. 17c: with [tense] pf. imper. 3 pers.,μή τις ὀπίσσω τετράφθω Il.12.272
; or 2 pers. when [tense] pf. = [tense] pres.,μὴ κεκράγετε Ar. V. 415
.2 with subj. (usu. 2 pers. of [tense] aor.), in prohibitions,μὴ δή με.. ἐάσῃς Il.5.684
, cf. A.Pr. 583 (lyr.), al.; μή τοί με κρύψῃς τοῦτο ib. 625, cf. S.Ph. 470;μὴ φθονήσῃς Pl.Prt. 320c
: coupled with [tense] pres. imper.,μὴ βοηθήσητε τῷ πεπονθότι δεινά, μὴ εὐορκεῖτε D.21.211
; 3 pers.,μὴ.. γένηται Il.4.37
, cf. Od.22.213;μὴ ματεύσῃ θεὸς γενέσθαι Pi.O.5.24
: rarely, if ever, with 2 pers. [tense] pres. subj., (leg. κάμῃς); 3 pers., μή τις οἴηται, = μὴ οἰώμεθα, Pl.Lg. 861e: also with the hortative subj. used to supply the 1 pers. of the imper., [tense] pres. μὴ ἴομεν ([etym.] ἴωμεν) Il.12.216, etc.;μὴ διώκωμεν Hdt.8.109
, etc.: [tense] aor.μὴ πάθωμεν X.Cyr.1.5.11
, etc.: rarely with [ per.] 1sg.,μή σε.. κιχείω Il.1.26
, cf. 21.475, 22.123, S.OC 174 (anap.).b with [tense] pres. or [tense] aor. subj. in a warning or statement of fear, μὴ.. γένησθε take care you do not become, Il.5.487; μὴ.. ὑφαίνῃσιν I fear.. may prove to be weaving, Od.5.356; : in [dialect] Att. Prose, to make a polite suggestion of apprehension or hesitation, perhaps, , cf. Tht. 188d, Arist.Pol. 1291a8, al.: in later Greek the ind. is found,μὴ ἡ ἔννοια ἡμῶν.. ἀντιλαμβάνεται Dam.Pr.27
.3 with [tense] fut. ind., a dub. usage ( νεμεσήσετ ' is subj. in Il.15.115),μηδεμίαν ἄδειαν δώσετε Lys.29.13
; μὴ βουλήσεσθε (Pap. βούλη[σθ]ε) D.23.117; cf.μαλακὸν ἐνδώσετε μηδέν Ar.Pl. 488
.4 with past tenses of ind. to express an unfulfilled wish,μὴ ὄφελες λίσσεσθαι Il.9.698
, cf. Od. 11.548; ;εἴθε μή ποτ' εἰδόμαν Id.OT 1217
(lyr.), cf. E.IA70, Cyc. 186, X.Cyr.4.6.3.5 with opt. to express a negative wish, with [tense] pres.,ἃ μὴ κραίνοι τύχη A.Th. 426
, cf. Eu. 938 (lyr.): more freq. with [tense] aor.,μὴ σέ γ' ἐν ἀμφιάλῳ Ἰθάκῃ βασιλῆα Κρονίων ποιήσειεν Od.1.386
, cf. 403, 11.613.6 in oaths and asseverations,ἴστω Ζεὺς.., μὴ μὲν τοῖς ἵπποισιν ἀνὴρ ἐποχήσεται ἄλλος Il.10.330
;ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα.., μὴ.. Ποσειδάων.. πημαίνει Τρῶας 15.41
;μὰ τὴν Ἀφροδίτην.., μὴ ἐγώ σ' ἀφήσω Ar.Ec. 1000
, cf. Av. 195, Lys. 917.7 c. inf., when used as imper.,μὴ δή μοι ἀπόπροθεν ἰσχέμεν ἵππους Il.17.501
;μὴ πρὶν ἐπ' ἠέλιον δῦναι 2.413
;οἷς μὴ πελάζειν A.Pr. 712
.8 freq. without a Verb, εἰ χρή, θανοῦμαι. Answ. μὴ σύ γε (sc. θάνῃς) S.OC 1441; ἄπελθε νῦν. Answ. μὴ (sc. γενέσθω) ἀλλά nay but, Ar.Ach. 458; in curt expressions, μὴ τριβὰς ἔτι (sc. ποιεῖσθε) S.Ant. 577; μή μοι σύ none of that to me! E.Med. 964; μή μοι πρόφασιν no excuses! Ar.Ach. 345;μή μοί γε μύθους Id.V. 1179
.B in DEPENDENT clauses:1 with Final Conjs.,ἵνα μή Il.19.348
, etc.;ὅπως μή D.27.5
,al.;ὡς μή Il.8.37
, A.Pr.53,al.;ὄφρα μή Il. 1.118
,al.: with ὅπως ἄν and ὡς ἄν, that so,ὅπως ἂν.. μηδέ Ar.V. 178
, Pl.Grg. 481a;ὡς ἂν μή Od.4.749
, Hdt.1.5; butb μή alone, = ἵνα μή, lest,ἀπόστιχε μή τινοήσῃ Ἥρη Il.1.522
, cf. 587;λίσσεσθαι.., μή οἱ.. χολώσαιτο φρένα κούρη Od.6.147
: [tense] fut. ind. and [tense] aor. subj. in consecutive clauses, Ar.Ec. 495 (lyr., dub.l.).2 in the protasis of conditional sentences, v. εἰ (for the exceptions v. οὐ), and with temporal conjunctions used conditionally, v. ἐπειδάν, ὅταν, ὅτε, etc.b ὅτι μή except,ὅτι μὴ Χῖοι μοῦνοι Hdt.1.18
, cf. Th.4.26;ὅτι μὴ πᾶσα ἀνάγκη Pl.Phd. 67a
; ὅσον μή ib. 83a; ὅσα μὴ ἀποβαίνοντες provided only that they did not disembark, Th.4.16.3 in later Gr., with causal Conjs.,ὁ μὴ πιστεύων ἤδη κέκριται, ὅτι μὴ πεπίστευκεν Ev.Jo.3.18
, cf. Luc.DMort.21.2, D Deor.2.1;ἐπεὶ μή Id.Hist.Conscr.3
, etc.: also after ὅτι and ὡς that, , cf. Luc.Hist.Conscr.29, DDeor.20.10.4 in relat. clauses, which imply a condition or generality, ὃς δὲ μὴ εἶδέ κω τὴν κανναβίδα whoever.., Hdt.4.74; ὃ μὴ κελεύσει (fort. κελεύσαι) Ζεύς such a thing as.., A.Eu. 618, cf. 661, 899; λέγονθ' ἃ μὴ δεῖ such things as one ought not, S.Ph. 583; ; : freq. with subj.,ᾧ μὴ ἄλλοι ἀοσσητῆρες ἔωσιν Od.4.165
, al.: with ἄν, S.OT 281: with opt.,ἃ μὴ σαφῶς εἰδείη X.Cyr.1.6.19
, etc.: less freq. with opt. and ἄν, Pl.Phlb. 20a, Lg. 839a; γένοιτο δ' ἂν ἐν ᾗ μή τι ἂν προσδοκήσειεν χώρᾳ ib. 872d.5 c. inf.,a regularlyfrom Homer on, exc. after Verbs of saying and thinking (but v. infr. c): after ὥστε orὡς, ὥστε μὴ φρονεῖν A.Pers. 725
(troch.), etc. (for exceptions v. οὐ): always when the inf. takes the Art.,τὸ μὴ προμαθεῖν Pi.O.8.60
;τὸ μὴ ἀμελεῖν μάθε A. Eu.86
, cf. 749, Pr. 624; .b by an apparent pleonasm after Verbs of negative result signifying to forbid, deny, and the like ,ὁ δ' ἀναίνετο μηδὲν ἑλέσθαι Il.18.500
(without μή ib. 450);ἀντιδικεῖν Lys.6.12
([etym.] μηδέν); ἀντιλέγειν Th.5.49
, Is.4.15 ([etym.] μηδέ); ἀπαγορεύειν Antipho 5.34
, And.4.9; , D.33.19, etc.; ; , al. (withoutμή S.Aj.70
);ἀπιστεῖν Th.4.40
;ἀπεγνωκέναι Lys.1.34
;ἀποστερεῖσθαι Antipho 2.4.1
([etym.] μηδέ); ἀποτρέπεσθαι Id.5.32
([etym.] μηδέν) ; ἀρνεῖσθαι, ἔξαρνος εἶναι, Ar.Eq. 572, Hdt.3.67;ἐναντιωθῆναι Pl.Ap. 32b
;σχεῖν Hdt.1.158
; παύειν (where the part. is more freq.) Ar.Ach. 634; ;ἐπάρατον ἦν μὴ οἰκεῖν Th.2.17
: in these cases the Art. freq. precedesμή, τὸ δὲ μὴ λεηλατῆσαι.. ἔσχε τόδε Hdt.5.101
; ἐξομῇ τὸ μὴ εἰδέναι; S.Ant. 535; εἴργειν τὸ μή .. Th.3.1, etc.; also (lyr.): with Art. in gen., ἔχειν τοῦ μή .. X.An.3.5.71; ἐμποδὼν γίγνεσθαι τοῦ μή .. Id.Cyr.2.4.23.c after Verbs of saying and thinking which involve an action of will, as in those signifying to swear, aver, believe, and the like ; so after ὄμνυμι, Il.9.133, Od.5.179, Hdt.1.165, 2.179, Ar.V. 1047, etc.;μαρτυρῶ Lys.7.11
, D.45.15, etc.; , Smp. 202b, cf. Phd. 93d, etc.;ἐγγυῶμαι Pi.O.11(10).18
, Pl.Prt. 336d; , etc.;πιστεύω And.1.2
, X.An.1.9.8, etc.: occasionally with other Verbs,φημί Id.Mem.1.2.39
, Pl.Tht. 155a; λέγω, προλέγω, Th. 5.49, 1.139; πάντες ἐροῦσι μή .. X. Cyr.7.1.18; νομίζω ib.7.5.59, Th.6.102; : very freq. in later Gr., Ev.Matt.2.12, Luc. Peregr.44, etc.6 with the part., when it can be resolved into a conditional clause, μὴ ἐνείκας, = εἰ μὴ ἤνεικε, Hdt.4.64; μὴ θέλων, = εἰ μὴ θέλεις, A.Pr. 504; μὴ δολώσαντος θεοῦ, = εἰ μὴ ἐδόλωσε, Id.Ag. 273; μὴ δρῶν, = εἰ μὴ δρῴην, S.OT77, etc.: in a general or characteristic sense, δίδασκέ με ὡς μὴ εἰδότα, = ut qui nihil sciam, Id.OC 1155, cf. Ant. 1063, 1064; τίς πρὸς ἀνδρὸς μὴ βλέποντος ἄρκεσις; one who sees not, Id.OC73: in this signf. freq. with the Art.,ὁ μὴ λεύσσων Id.Tr. 828
(lyr.);ὁ μὴ δουλεύσας Pl.Lg. 762e
;τῷ μὴ εἰργασμένῳ Antipho 5.65
;τὸν.. μὴ φροντίσαντα Lycurg.27
, cf. 45, etc.: with causal significance,μὴ παρὼν θαυμάζεται S.OT 289
, etc.;ἄθλια πάσχω μὴ.. μόνον βιαζόμενος Antipho 2.2.4
; ;μηδενὸς ἐμποδὼν ὄντος D.3.8
: very freq. in later Greek, POxy.38.16 (i A.D.), Luc.DMeretr.12.4, etc.: occasionally after Verbs of knowing and showing, S.Ph.79, OC 656, 797, 1122, E.Tr. 970, Th.1.76, 2.17.7 with Substs., Adjs., and Advbs. used generically, with or without Art.,τὰ μὴ δίκαια A.Eu. 432
;δίκαια καὶ μὴ δίκαια Id.Ch.78
(lyr.);τὸ μὴ 'νδικον S.OT 682
(lyr.);τὸ μὴ καλόν Id.Ant. 370
(lyr.); ἡ μὴ 'μπειρία, = τὸ μὴ ἔχειν ἐμπειρίαν, want of experience, Ar.Ec. 115;ἡ μὴ ἐπιτροπή Pl.Lg. 966c
; δῆμον καὶ μὴ δῆμον ib. 759b;ὁ μὴ ἰατρός Id.Grg. 459b
;νίκης μὴ κακῆς A.Eu. 903
, cf. Th. 411;τῷ φρονοῦντι μὴ καλῶς Id.Pr. 1012
, cf. Ag. 349, 927.8 after Verbs expressing fear or apprehension (cf. μὴ οὐ):a when the thing feared is [tense] fut., mostly with subj.: with [tense] pres. subj., δεινῶς ἀθυμῶ μὴ βλέπων ὁ μάντις ᾖ shall proveto be.., S.OT 747, cf.Ant. 1113;ὅρα μὴ κυβεύῃς Pl.Prt. 314a
: more freq. with [tense] aor.,δείδοικα.. μή σε παρείπῃ Il. 1.555
, cf. 9.244, 13.745: with [tense] pf., shall prove to have been, , cf. Ph. 494, Hdt.3.119,4.140, etc.: less freq. with [tense] fut. ind., X.Cyr.2.3.6, Ar.Ec. 488, Pl.Phlb. 13a: with opt. according to the sequence of moods and tenses: [tense] pres. opt., S. Tr. 482, X.An.1.10.9: [tense] aor., Od.11.634, etc.: [tense] pf., X.Cyr.1.3.10: with [tense] fut. opt. in oratio obliqua, Id.HG6.4.27, Mem.1.2.7, Pl.Euthphr. 15d: with opt. and ἄν, S.Tr. 631, X.vect.4.41.b when the action is [tense] pres. or past, the ind. is used, , cf. E. Ion 1523, Ar.Nu. 493, Pl.La. 196c;ὅρα μὴ παίζων ἔλεγεν Id.Tht. 145b
, cf. E.Hel. 119; , cf. E.Or. 209, Pl.Ly. 218d;δείδω μὴ δὴ πάντα θεὰ νημερτέα εἶπεν Od. 5.300
.c with ind. and subj. in consecutive clauses, E.Ph.93.C in QUESTIONS:I direct questions,1 with ind., where aneg. answer is anticipated (but more generally in A.Ag. 683 (lyr.), S.OC 1502, Tr. 316, Pl.Grg. 488b), in Hom. only ἦ μή .. ; Od.6.200, 9.405; μή σοι δοκοῦμεν .. ; A.Pers. 344, cf. Pr. 249, 959, etc.: in Trag. and [dialect] Att. freq. ἆρα μή; Id.Th. 208, S.El. 446, Pl.R. 405a: for questions in which μή ([etym.] μηδέ ) follows οὐ, v. οὐ μή.b in other questions, τί μὴ ποιήσω; what am I not to do? S.El. 1276 (lyr.); τί μή; why not? Id.Aj. 668 (s.v.l.); cf. μήν2 with subj., when the speaker deliberates about a neg. action, μὴ οὕτω φῶμεν; Pl.R. 335c, cf. 337b, 417b; ὁ τοιοῦτος μὴ δῷ δίκην; D.21.35; πῶς μὴ φῶμεν; Pl.Tht. 161e: with opt. and ἄν, πῶς ἄν τις μὴ θυμῷ λέγοι; how can a man help being excited when he speaks? Id.Lg. 887c, cf. Grg. 510d, X. Mem.3.1.10.II indirect questions, freq. with Verbs implying fear and apprehension (cf. B. 8),ὄφρα ἴδωμεν μὴ τοὶ κοιμήσωνται Il.10.98
, cf. 101, Od.21.395;περισκοπῶ μή πού τις.. ἐγχρίμπτει S.El. 898
, cf. Th.2.13, etc.; also σκοπεῖσθαι πῶς ἂν μή .. Isoc.5.8, cf. 15.6; later in simple indirect questions,ἐπυνθάνετο μὴ ἔγνω Ant.Lib.23.5
.2 in questions introduced byεἰ, ἤρετό με.. εἰ μὴ μέμνημαι Aeschin.2.36
( εἰ οὐκ in same sense, 1.84): in the second part of a disjunctive question, εἰ.. ἢ (or εἴτε) μή.., εἴτε.. εἴτε μή .., A.Eu. 468, 612, And.1.7, Pl.Ap. 18a, R. 457d, X.Cyr.2.1.7; εἴτε.. εἴτε μή.., εἰ.. ἢ οὔ, εἰ.. ἢ μή without difference of meaning between μή and οὐ, Is.8.9; so also,τοὺς νόμους καταμανθάνειν εἰ καλῶς κεῖνται ἢ μή,.. τοὺς λόγους, εἰ ὀρθῶς διδάσκουσι τὸ πρᾶγμα ἢ οὔ Antipho 5.14
.D POSITION of μή. When the neg. extends its power over the whole clause, μή prop. precedes the Verb. When its force is limited to single words, it precedes those words. But Poets sts. put μή after the Verb,ὄλοιο μή πω S.Ph. 961
; φράσῃς.. μὴ πέρα ib. 332, cf. OC 1522.E PROSODY: in Trag. μή may be joined by synizesis with a following ει or ου, μὴ οὐ, μὴ εἰδέναι, S.OT13, 221, Tr. 321, etc.: initial ε after μή is cut off by aphaeresis,μὴ 'πὁθουν Id.Aj. 962
;μὴ 'μβαίνῃς Id.OC 400
; : in Prose,μὴ 'κ IG12.115.11
: μή folld. by α is sts. written μἀ .. (v. μὴ ἀλλά, etc.); sts. separately,μὴ ἀδικεῖν A.Eu.85
, etc.F μή in COMPOSITION, or joined with other Particles, as μὴ ἀλλά, μὴ γάρ, μὴ οὐ, μὴ ὅπως or ὅτι, μή ποτε, etc., will be found in alphabetical order. -
49 μῦς
Aμῠός Cratin.53
, Alc.Com.22; acc.μῦν Arcesil. 1
D.; voc.μῦ AP11.391
(Lucill.); nom. pl. μύες [ῠ] Ar.Ach. 762, Anaxandr.41.61 (anap.), μῦες dub. in Epich.44, alsoμῦς Antiph.193
, Herod.3.76; acc. pl. μύας [ῠ] Epich.42.5, Posidipp.14,μῦς Hdt.2.141
, Philyll.13; dat. pl. μῡσί Hdn.Gr.2.642, μῠσί ([etym.] ν) Batr.174, 178, al.:— mouse or rat, Batr. 173, etc.: sg. in collect. sense,οὐδὲ τὸμ μῦν ἑτοιμάζονται θηρεύειν PCair.Zen.300.17
(iii B. C.); μ. ἀρουραῖος literally the field-mouse, but prob. hamster, Cricetus vulgaris, Hdt. l. c.; prov., μ. πίττης γεύεται, of one who tempted by some apparent good finds himself in inextricable difficulties, 'burn one's fingers', 'catch a Tartar', D. 50.26;μῦς.. γεύμεθα πίσσας Theoc.14.51
; ὅκως χώρης οἱ μῦς ὁμοίως τὸν σίδηρον τρώγουσιν, i. e. for lack of food, Herod. l. c., cf. Antig. Car. ap. St.Byz. s.v. Γύαρος; κατὰ μυὸς ὄλεθρον, of a lingering death, Philem.211, Men.219, cf. Herod.5.68 (s. v. l.), Ael.NA12.10; μ. λευκός a lewd person, Philem.126.II a shell-fish, mussel, A.Fr.34, Philyll. l. c., Arist.HA 547b11 (s. v. l.), al., prob. in PCair.Zen.82.11 (iii B. C.).III a large kind of whale, Arist.HA 519a23 (s. v. l.); but μ. θαλάττιος file-fish, Balistes capriscus, = Lat. mus marinus, Ael. NA9.41, cf. Diph.Siph. ap. Ath.8.355f, Marc.Sid.30, Opp.H.1.174; μ. θ. prob. sea-water mussel, Heraclid.Tar. ap. Ath.3.120d. -
50 ἑτερομάσχαλος
A with only one hole for the arm, i.e. only coming over one shoulder, worn by slaves, opp. ἀμφιμάσχαλος, Poll.7.47, Sch.Ar.Eq. 878.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἑτερομάσχαλος
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51 ἀλώπηξ
ἀλώπηξ, - εκοςGrammatical information: f. (on the gender DELG).Meaning: `fox' (Archil.).Other forms: A shortened form is ἀλωπά (Alc.), ἀλωπός (Hdn.); on its origin Sommer Nominalkomp. 5 A. 5. Denom. ἀλωπεύει ἀνιχνεύει H., cf. NGr. (Crete) λαγονεύω `trace' from λαγώς, Kukules Άρχ. Έφ. 27, 70f.Derivatives: ἀλωπεκέη, -ῆ `fox-skin' (Hdt.); ἀλωπεκία a disease of the skin (Arist.); ἀλωπεκίς f. = κυναλώπηξ (X.), also `head-gear from fox-skin' (X.) and `kind of vine' (Plin.), s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 139Etymology: ἀλώπηξ can agree with Arm. aɫuēs, gen. - esu `fox'. Cf. further Lith. lãpė and Latv. lapsa. Schrijver, JIES 26, 1998, 421-434 connects the Celtic words W. llywarn etc., which he derives from * lop-erno-, and reconstructs * h₂lop-. The Greek long ō is explained from an old nom. * h₂lōp-s. (Skt. lopāśá- `jackal' and MP rōpās `fox' have an orig. diphthong in the root and cannot be connected. Lat. volpes `fox', Lith. vilpišỹs `wild cat' should also be kept apart; Schrijver starts from a root * ulp-). - The inflection ἀλώπηξ, - εκος is unique in Greek. There is no support for Rix's - ōk-s, - ek-os (1976,, 143). In the Armenian form, the ē presents difficulties and is prob. secondary, the word rather showing old short e; Clackson 1994, 95. De Vaan, IIJ 43, 2000, 279-293, disconnects the suffix from the Indo-Ir. one (as above the words were disconnected) and doubts that Skt. -āśa- etc. is of IE origin. He follows Chantr. Form. 376, in assuming that the Greek (and Armenian) suffix - ek- was taken from a non-IE language; Greek would have lengthened the vowel in the nominative. But this does not explain the Greek ablaut: one would expect that the long vowel was introduced everywhere. Rather the suffixes are IE, and the long vowel of Saskrit and the short of Armenian confirm the Greek ablaut as archaic. - See also Blažek, Linguistica Baltica 7, 1998, 25-31. Cf. Nehring Glotta 14, 184, Lidén KZ 56, 212ff., Fraenkel KZ 63, 189f., Hermann KZ 69, 66.Page in Frisk: 1,83Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλώπηξ
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52 δάπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `devour, consume' (Il.).Other forms: Aor. δάψαιDerivatives: δαπάνη `cost, expenditure' (Hes. Op. 723; cf. σκάπτω: σκαπάνη) with deriv. δαπάνυλλα (Corc.; s. Leumann Glotta 32, 219 A. 3); δαπανηρός `lavish' (Pl.) with δαπανηρία Arist.); denomin. δαπανάω `spend, consume' (Hdt.) with δαπάνημα (X.), δαπάνησις (Aristeas) and δαπανητικός `consuming' (S.); δαπανητής EM; postverbal δάπανος = δαπανηρός (Th.); isolated δαπανούμενα (Andania Ia) as if from δαπανόω or - έω. - δάπτης `eater' (Lyc.), unless δάπ-της; from aoriststem δαψ- with λ-Suffix δαψ-ιλής `abundant' (Ion., Arist.; δαψιλός Emp., prob. older, Solmsen IF 31, 461ff.) with δαψίλεια (Arist.) and δαψιλεύομαι (LXX). - On δαρδάπτω s. v.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: If one assumes for δάπ-τω a root δαπ-, this is found in Lat. daps `(sacrifice)meal', also in Toch. pret. tāp- `eat' (Fraenkel IF 50, 7); the ν-suffix in δαπάνη has been compared with Lat. damnum `expenditure, loss' and ONo. tafn `sacrificial animal, meal', which could be IE * dap-no-m, as also Arm. tawn `feast' (\< * dap-ni-). One might include Skt. dāpayati `divide'. - In spite of the relatives, δαπ(τ)-\/ δαψ- rather seems Pre-Greek. - Lat. dapinō is LW [loanword] from δαπανάω.Page in Frisk: 1,348Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δάπτω
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53 δέλεαρ
δέλεαρ, - ατοςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `decoy' (Ion.-Att.).Derivatives: Denomin. δελεάζω `entice' (Ion.-Att.) with δελέασμα (Ar.), δελεασμάτιον (Philox.), δελεασμός (Arist.) and the instr. names δελεάστρα `baited trap' (Cratin.), δελέαστρον `id.' (Nicoph.); with δελαστρεύς `fisher with baited trap' (Nic.; for *δελεα- metri causa, s. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 68). - With the same meaning δείλατα pl. (Call. Fr. 458), δελήτιον (Sophr.; δελῆτι δελέατι H.), δέλετρον (Numen. ap. Ath., Opp.; after the instr. names in - τρον), δέλος ( PMagPar. 1, 939, Eust.; innov. after the neutres in - ος).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The plural δέλευρα (Ath.) suggests for δέλεαρ an original r-n-stem *δέλε-Ϝαρ; cf. ἄλευρα: *ἄλε-Ϝαρ. Twosyllabic δελε- also in δελήτιον \< *δελεάτιον and in new δέλετρον (s. Chantr. Form. 332f.). Deviant only late δείλατα, which may derive from *δέλ-Ϝατα. Beside twosyll. δελε- we have βλη- in βλῆρ (Alc.), from *βλῆ-(Ϝ)αρ? or *βλέ-(Ϝ)αρ?; s. βλέτυες. -- One might suppose that δέλεαρ und βλῆρ originated frim dissimilation from *δέρεαρ and *βρῆρ, and connect βιβρώσκω (s. v.) and OHG querdar `bait'. One has also tried to connect δέλεαρ and βλῆρ with initial Labiovelar gu- with Arm. klanem, aor. ekul `devour', with Russ. gɫotátь `swallow', Lat. gula, gluttio `devour'. However, the word may well be non-IE; see the words cited.Page in Frisk: 1,360-361Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δέλεαρ
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54 ἔθνος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `group, heap, swarm' (of people, animals; Hom., Pi.), `class, people' (Hdt.), `foreign people' (Arist.), τὰ ἔθνη `the heathens' (NT); on the meaning Chantr. BSL 43, 52ff.Compounds: As 1. member in ἐθν-άρχης `governor, prince' (LXX, J., NT), as 2. member a. o. in ὁμο-εθνής `belonging to the same people' (Hdt.), ἀλλο-εθνής (hell.).Derivatives: ἐθνικός `belonging to a foreign people, national, traditional, heathen' (hell.), cf. γενικός to γένος; ἐθνίτης `belonging to the same people' (Eust., Suid.), ἐθνισταί οἱ ἐκ τοῦ αὑτοῦ ἔθνους H.; cf. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 22; ἐθνυμών meaning? (Hdn. Gr.; after δαιτυμών?); ἐθνηδόν adv. `per people' (LXX).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Unknown. If - νος is a suffix ( ἔρ-νος, σμῆ-νος; Chantr. Form. 420, Schwyzer 512) one may compare ἔθος (s. v.), perh. from *su̯edh-nos, which like Goth. sibja ` Sippe', the peoples name Suēbī a. o. (IE *s(u̯)ē̆bh- Pok. 883) goes back on the reflexive *s(u̯)e (s. ἕ, ἑ). Other hypotheses by Fick (s. Bq), Fay (s. Kretschmer Glotta 1, 378), Bonfante (s. Schwyzer 512 n. 6). - One connected also ὀθνεῖος (Demokr., Pl.) as `belonging to the ἔθνος' (Fraenkel Gnomon 22, 238); in this case hardly from *su̯e-. The word could be of foreign origin. - From ἔθνος (spoken ἕθνος) Kopt. hεθνος, Arm. het` anos, and also Goth. haiÞno `heathen' (from where the other Germ. words).Page in Frisk: 1,448-449Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔθνος
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55 ἐλεύσομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `come, go'.Other forms: Fut. (Ion. trag. hell.), aor. ind. ἤλυθον, perf. εἰλήλουθα (`Attic' perf. \< * h₁le-h₁loudʰ-, ptc. ἐ(ι)ληλουθώς (ep.), ἐλήλυθα (posthom.), plur. also ἐλήλυμεν, - τε (Att. Com.), Cyren. ptc. κατ-εληλευθυῖα (Fraenkel Glotta 20, 88f.)Compounds: Often with prefix: ἀν-, ἀπ-, δι-, εἰσ-, ἐξ-, κατ- etc. Rare transitive (factitive) forms in Doric: ἐλευσίω οἴσω H., aor. 3 pl. ἐλεύσαν (Ibyc.), ἐπ-ελευσεῖ, ἐπ-ελεῦσαι (Gortyn) `bring'. As present one uses ἔρχομαι.Derivatives: ἔλευσις `arrival' ( Act. Ap. 7, 52), also from the compounds, most rare, all (hell.) late, e. g. συν-, ἐπ-έλευσις. Older the usual ἤλυσις `walk, way' (E.), ἐξ-, περι-ήλυσις (Hdt.) etc. (cf. Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 58 u. 149) with compositional lengthening ( ἤλυσις after the compounds) and the same vowels as in the compounds νέ-ηλυς, - δος `newly arrived' (Il.), ἔπ-ηλυς `immigrated, foreigner' (Hdt., ἐπ-ηλύ-της Th.) a. o.; προσ-ήλυ-τος `new-arrived, proselyte' (LXX, NT) a. o.; further the abstracts ἐπ-ηλυσίη (h. Hom.), κατ-, συν-ηλυσίη (hell.).Etymology: The semantically and formally best agreement to this verb with old ablaut is found in Celtic with the OIr. preterite lod, luid `I, he went' (\< * h₁ludh-om, -et: ἤλυθον, -ε), lotar `they went' (*ludh-ont-r̥); formally as good but semantically less convincing is the comparison with Skt. ró(d)hati, Germ., e. g. Goth. liudan `grow, go up' (from where the old word for `people', OHG liut etc.; s. ἐλεύθερος). In both cases one must assume that - θ- (IE - dh-) disappeared analogically in ἤλυσις, ἐλήλυμεν, - τε as well as in (νέ)-, ( προσ)-ήλυτος (after ἐλεύ[θ]σομαι), cf. Schwyzer 704 n. 2, 769 n. 7 w. lit.). It seems less probable that the dental of Celtice etc. was a sec. enlargement. Possible is also connection with Arm. eluzanem `bring out, up' (it is a causative to elanem, s. on ἐλαύνω). - Cf. also ἐλθεῖν.Page in Frisk: 1,492-493Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐλεύσομαι
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56 ἦμαρ
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `day' (Il.; s. below).Dialectal forms: Myc. amor. amorama \/āmōramar\/ `day after day'? Diwijamero perhaps \/dwi(y)āmeron\/ period of two days', Lamberterie, BSL 94 (1999) 264. Dor. Arc. ἆμαρ, - ατος;Compounds: As 2. member e. g. in ἐνν-, ἑξ-, αὑτ-, παν-, προ-ῆμαρ `nine days long' etc. (Hom.); on the type of comp. Leumann Hom. Wörter 100f. (against Wackernagel Glotta 2, 1ff.). As 1. member e. g. ἡμερό-κοιτος `taking his layer by day, sleaping by day' (Hes.); as 2. member e. g. in ἐφ-ήμερος (Pi., IA; - έριος Od.) `living only a day, transient, dayly' with ἐφημερίς, - ία, - εύω, - ευτήριον.Derivatives: ἠμάτιος `daily, at day' (Hom., Hes.). - Lengthened form ἡμέρα, Ion. - ρη, Dor. etc. ἀμέρα, Locr. ἀμάρα `id.' (Il.); on the meaning v. Windekens Philol. Stud. 11-12, 25ff. On τήμερον, μεσημβρία s. v. Derivv. ἡμέριος ( ἁμ-) `living only one day, dayly' (trag.), ἡμερινός `belonging to the day' (IA.; Chantraine Formation 201), ἡμερήσιος (- ίσιος?; s. Debrunner Glotta 13, 169) `lasting one day, belonging to the day, dayly' (IA.; Chantraine 42), ἡμεραῖος `id.' (pap.), ἡμερούσιος adv. `dayly' (pap. IVp; after ἐπιούσιος; Debrunner l. c.). Denomin. verb ἡμερεύω `spend the day', also with prefix, δι-, παν- (IA.); from there ἡμέρευσις `spending the day' (Aq.).Etymology: A cognate to ἦμαρ, which was Ionisized from Aeol. ἆμαρ and from Homer in Dorianising poetry, also taken over in ceremonial prosaic formulae (Arc. ἄματα πάντα), is Arm. awr `day' (IE * āmōr; cf. τέκμαρ: - μωρ); further not in any language group. Lengthened ἡμέρα (Locr. ἀμάρ-α), on which see Chantraine Formation 228, may have its spiritus from ἑσπέρα (Schwyzer 305, Wackernagel Unt. 45 A. 1). On ἦμαρ and ἡμέρη in Homer Debrunner Mus. Helv. 3, 40ff.; on ἦμαρ used as plural Leumann Hom. Wörter 100, who sees in it against Wackernagel, Benveniste a. o. as an innovation. S. μεσημβρίαPage in Frisk: 1,634-635Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἦμαρ
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57 κέρασος
Grammatical information: m. (f.)Meaning: `bird-cherry, Prunus avium' (Xenoph., Thphr.).Other forms: κερασός acc. Hdn. Gr. 1, 209.Dialectal forms: Myc. keraso \/ κερασώ\/, Heubeck, Kadmos 4, 956, 138-145; Chantr., Atti primo congr. Micenol. 1, 575.Derivatives: κερασία, - έα `id.' (Gp.; cf. κερατία, - έα s. κέρας), κεράσιον `fruit of the κ.' (hell.), *κεράσινος in Lat. cerasinus `cherry-coloured', n. κεράσινον `cherry-coloured paint' ( PHolm.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Ending as in the foreign θίασος, κάρπασος (s. vv.). As the improved cherry came from the Pontos-area (whence Κερασοῦς town on the Pontos, "the rich in cherries"), the name too will be Anatolian. Origin further unknown, after Bq (doubting) Thraco-Phrygian (doubts in Kretschmer Glotta 5, 309); G. Neumann, Untersuch. 101, Hester, Lingua 13, 1965, 356. One adduces also Assyr. karšu. Cf. on κράνον. - From Gr. κέρασος, - ία, κεράσιον came on the one hand Asiatic names of the cherry-tree and the cherry as Arm. ker̄as, Kurd. ghilas, on the other hand Lat. cerasus, - ium, Vulg. Lat. * cerasia, * ceresia, -ea; from Latin again the Rom. and Germ. forms as Fr. cerise, OHG chirsa \> Kirsche. - See W.-Hofmann s. cerasus. Cf. Olck, RE 11, 509f. The form with intervoc. σ must be Anatolian or Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,827-828Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κέρασος
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58 μόνος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `alone'.Compounds: Very often as 1. member, e.g. μόν-(μούν-)αρχος m. `monarch' with - έω, - ία etc. (Thgn., Pi., IA; cf. Scheller KZ 74, 233 n. 1).Derivatives: 1. μονάς, μουνάς, - άδος adj. f. (also m. Schwyzer 507, Chantraine Form. 358) `lonely' Trag., AP), subst. f. `unity' (Pl.; Schwyzer 597) with μοναδ-ιαῖος `of uniform greatness' (Hero), - ικός `consisting of unities, uniform, individual' (Arist.), - ιστί adv. `in unities' (Nicom.), - ισμός m. `formation of unity' (Dam.). -- 2. μοναχ-ῃ̃ (Pl., X.), - ῶς (Arist.) `only in one way', - οῦ (Pl., Thphr.) `onl in one place'; adj. μοναχός `individual' (Arist., Epicur.), also m. `hermit, monk' (AP, Procop.), Lat. monachus, with f. μονάχ-ουσα (Jerusalem VIp), adj. - ικός `belonging to a hermit, monkish' (Just., pap. VIp); subst. μοναχισμός `monastic life', cf. Leumann Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 304; μοναχ-όω `get lonely' (Aq.). -- 3. μουνάξ adv. `lonely, alone' (Od., Arat.; to μοναχοῦ etc.?, Schwyzer 620), μοναξία `lonelyness' (sch., Eust.) from *μοναξός as διξός etc., PN Μονάξιος (Vp); Schulze KZ 33, 394f. = Kl. Schr. 313f., Schwyzer 598. -- 4. μονιός, μούνιος `living alone, wild' (Call., AP), μονίας m. `lonely man' (Ael.). -- 5. μονία, - ίη `lonelyness, celibate' (Max.), μονότης f. `unity' (Sm., Iamb.), `singularity' (Alex. Aphr. in Metaph.). -- 6. μουνόθεν (Hdt. 1, 116; v. 1. - οθέντα), μονά-δην (A. D., EM), μουνα-δόν (Opp.) `lonely, alone'. -- 7. Verbs: μονόομαι ( μουν-), - όω `be left alone, leave alone' (Il.; Wackernagel Unt. 122ff.) with μόν-ωσις `lonelyness' (Pl., Ph.), - ώτης m. = μονίας (Arist.), - ωτικός `(left) alone' (Ph.); μονάζω `stay alone, isolate oneself' (LXX, Christ. writers, gramm.) with μονασμός `lonely situation' (Eust.), μοναστήριον `cel of a hermit, cloister' (Ph., pap.), μονάστρια f. `nun' (Just.).Etymology: Beside PGr. *μόνϜος, from where Ion. μοῦνος, Att. etc. μόνος (Kretschmer KZ 31, 444), stands, though in meaning a little apart, *μανϜός in μᾱνός, μανός (s.v.) `thin, rare', which agrees with Arm. manr, gen. manu `small, thin'. An element -u̯o- appears also in the synonymous οἶϜος (s. οἶος) and in ὅλος (s.v.) of related meaning; further *μόνϜος is isolated. A quite different formation with velar shows Skt. manā́k `a little', Lith. meñkas `scanty', Toch. B meṅki `less' a.o.; ambiguous is Hitt. maninku- `short, near' (formation as Lat. prop-inquus? Duchesne-Guillemin Trans. Phil. Soc. 1946 p. 82f., Benveniste BSL 50, 41). On the occasional contact with the group of μινύθω s.v.; also WP. 2, 266 f. Pok. 728 f., W.-Hofmann s. minor. -- Improbable Hahn Lang. 18, 88.Page in Frisk: 2,253-254Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μόνος
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59 ὄνυξ 1
ὄνυξ 1., - υχοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `nail, claw, hoof', often metaph. in several meanings' (Il.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. ὀνυχο-γραφέομαι `to be carved by a nail' (Hp.), γαμψ-ῶνυξ and - ώνυχος ` with curved claws' (Il., also Arist.; on the stemformation Sommer Nominalkomp.96 ff.); on μῶνυξ s. v.Derivatives: Dimin. ὀνύχιον n. (Arist., pap.); ὀνυχιστήρ, - ῆρος m. `hoof' (LXX; cf. on βραχιονιστήρ and ὀνυχίζομαι below); ὀνυχ-ιμαῖος `of the size of nail-parings, tiny' (Com. Adesp.), - ιαῖος `as broad as a nail' (Eust.); ὀνυχ-ίζομαι `to cut one's nails' (Cratin., LXX) with - ισμός m. (Str.), - ιστήριον n. `nailscissors' (Posidipp. Com.); - ίζω `to test with one's nails' (Artem.); - όω `to equip with claws, to bend in a claw-like fashion' (Orib., sch.).Etymology: Old (popular s. Ernout-Meillet s. unguis) name of the nail and the hoof, which is in most language-groups, even if in strongly changed form, retained. With the disyllabic ὄνυξ ( ὀνυχ-) agrees best Arm. eɫungn `nail' with secondary n-stem (like ot-n `foot'; s. πούς), dissimilation n -- n \> ɫ -- n and inner nasalisation either from monosyllabic ongh- (Kortlandt assumes that * h₃nogh-\/* h₃ngh- yielded * onog\/* ong, which were contaminated in * onong; this became * enong by dissimilation, which gave eɫungn; Armeniaca 76). The other languages have a monosyllabic stem, either ongh-, n̥gh- (Lat. unguis, Celt., e.g. OIr. ingen f.) or nogh- (Germ., e.g. OHG nagal m. ' Nagel', Balt.-Slav., e.g. Lith. nãgas m. `nail, claw'); with ten. asp. Indo-Ir., e.g. Skt. nakhá- m. n. `nail, claw'; diff. suffixes, which are unimportant for Greek. On the ablaut cf. e.g. ὀμφαλός. -- Further details w. rich lit. in WP. 1, 180 f. and Pok. 780 as in the special. dict, W.-Hofmann a. Ernout-Meillet s. un-guis, Mayrhofer s. nakhám, Fraenkel s. nãgas, Vasmer s. nogá. Rootspeculations in Specht Ursprung 253 b. 1. Wrong Rogge PhW 44, 1004 (ὀ- from ὄγκος).Page in Frisk: 2,398-399Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄνυξ 1
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60 ὀφθαλμός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `eye' (Il.).Other forms: Boeot. ὄκταλλος, Epid. Lac. ὀπτίλ(λ)ος.Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. μον-όφθαλμος ( μουν-) `with a single eye, one-eyed' (Hdt., Plb., Str.), ἑτερ-όφθαλμος `bereft of one eye' (D., Arist.); also as 1. member, e.g. ὀφθαλμ-ωρύχος `digging out the eyes' (A.).Derivatives: 1. ὀφθαλμ-ίδιον n. dimin. (Ar.); 2. - ία, Ion. - ίη f. `eye-disease' (s. Scheller Oxytonierung 42f.) with - ιάω `suffering from an eye-disease' (IA.), with - ίασις f. (Plu., H.); 3. - ίας m. name of a kind of eagle (Lyc.), also of a fish (Plaut.; because of the fixed glance, Strömberg Fischnamen 42); 4. - ικός `belonging to the eyes', m. `eye-doctor' (Gal., Dsc.); 5. - ηδόν `like eyes' (gloss.). -- 6. Verbs ὀφθαλμίζομαι `to be inoculated' (Thphr.), `to suffer from ὀ-ία' (Plu.); with prep. ἐν-ὀφθαλμ-ίζω `to inoculate' (Thphr.), - ίζομαι pass. (Delos) with - ισμός (Thphr.); also - ιάζομαι (Plu.); ἐξ-οφθαλμ-ιάζω `to disregard, to disparage' (pap. IVp); ἐπ-οφθαλμ-ίζω (Pherecyd., Plu.), - ιάω (Plu., pap. IIIp), - έω (pap. IVp) `to ogle, to peep at'.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Understandably the word has been derived from the root ὀπ- `see'. Variants are Boeot. ὄκταλλος, Epid. Lac. ὀπτίλ(λ)ος. The group κτ: πτ: φθ ("mit altem κτ [but see below], analogischem πτ und expressivem φθ" (Frisk) [Schwyzer 299 bzw. Benveniste Origines 48]?) has been connected with the group kṣ in Skt. ákṣi `eye' Schwyzer 317 w. lit.). With the suppletive n-stem e.g. in gen. akṣ-ṇ-ás the l-stem in ὀφθ-αλ-μός would correspond (Specht 351n.1). "Die lautlichen Einzelheiten sind indessen nicht endgültig und eindeutig aufgeklärt" (Frisk). An IE laibo-velar before consonat became a labial, Lejeune Phonét. $ 42, so Frisks "mit altem κτ" is wrong. The rise of - αλ(λ)- cannot be explained from IE. The repeated attempts, to explain ὀφθαλμός as a compound, are all wrong (to θάλαμος Brugmann, s. Bq and WP. 1, 864). The variation cannot well be explained as IE, nor can the formation of ὀφθαλμός. ὄκταλλος has a Pre-Greek suffix, Beekes FS Kortlandt.; already Devel. 193); it continues a palatalized l (i.e. *ly, which was represented as a geminate). This leads to a PGr. reconstruction *akʷt-aly-(m)- (with *a- = [ο] before the labiovelar). Here the labiovelar could become a labial, but the labial element could also be ignored, which gave ὀκτ-. Aspiration was not phonemic in Pre-Greek, hence the variant ὀφθ- is unproblematic. In ὀπτίλ(λ)ος apparently the (second) *a became i through the following labialized consonant. The fact that PGr. * akʷ- strongly resembles IE * h₃ekʷ- is a mere coincidence, an accident that may be expected to occur here and there. -- Note the expressive geminate in ὄκκον ὀφθαλμόν H. (to Arm. akn? Meillet BSL 26, 15f.; s. also Lejeune Traité de phon. 72 n. 1); this word may well be of IE origin. -- For words derived from the IE root ὀπ- `see', s. ὄμμα, ὄσσε, ὄπωπα; cf. WP. 1, 169ff., Pok. 775ff., W.-Hofmann s. oculus etc.Page in Frisk: 2,452-453Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀφθαλμός
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