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1 ἔθνος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `group, heap, swarm' (of people, animals; Hom., Pi.), `class, people' (Hdt.), `foreign people' (Arist.), τὰ ἔθνη `the heathens' (NT); on the meaning Chantr. BSL 43, 52ff.Compounds: As 1. member in ἐθν-άρχης `governor, prince' (LXX, J., NT), as 2. member a. o. in ὁμο-εθνής `belonging to the same people' (Hdt.), ἀλλο-εθνής (hell.).Derivatives: ἐθνικός `belonging to a foreign people, national, traditional, heathen' (hell.), cf. γενικός to γένος; ἐθνίτης `belonging to the same people' (Eust., Suid.), ἐθνισταί οἱ ἐκ τοῦ αὑτοῦ ἔθνους H.; cf. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 22; ἐθνυμών meaning? (Hdn. Gr.; after δαιτυμών?); ἐθνηδόν adv. `per people' (LXX).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Unknown. If - νος is a suffix ( ἔρ-νος, σμῆ-νος; Chantr. Form. 420, Schwyzer 512) one may compare ἔθος (s. v.), perh. from *su̯edh-nos, which like Goth. sibja ` Sippe', the peoples name Suēbī a. o. (IE *s(u̯)ē̆bh- Pok. 883) goes back on the reflexive *s(u̯)e (s. ἕ, ἑ). Other hypotheses by Fick (s. Bq), Fay (s. Kretschmer Glotta 1, 378), Bonfante (s. Schwyzer 512 n. 6). - One connected also ὀθνεῖος (Demokr., Pl.) as `belonging to the ἔθνος' (Fraenkel Gnomon 22, 238); in this case hardly from *su̯e-. The word could be of foreign origin. - From ἔθνος (spoken ἕθνος) Kopt. hεθνος, Arm. het` anos, and also Goth. haiÞno `heathen' (from where the other Germ. words).Page in Frisk: 1,448-449Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔθνος
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2 κεραυνός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `thunderbolt, lightning' (Il.).Compounds: Compp., e. g. τερπι-κέραυνος (s. v.), ἐγχει-κέραυνος `who has the thunderbolt as spear' (Pi.; after ἐγχει-βρόμος `who thunders with the spear'), also κεραυνο-εγχής `id.' (B.).Derivatives: κεραύνιος `belonging to the thunderbolt', also `struck by a th., hurling the th.' (trag.), also κεραυναῖος (AP 7, 49; Steph. - ειος); κεραύνιον name of a mushroom `Tuber aestivum' (Thphr., Gal.), as protecting against the th. or arisen from a th.; thus κεραυνία = ἀείζῳον μικρόν (Ps.-Dsc.), cf. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 79f.; also name of a stone like κεραυνίας, - νίτης ( PHolm., Clem.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 55). Denomin. verb κεραυνόομαι, - όω `be struck by a th.', resp. `slay with a th.' (Hes.); κεραύνωσις `thunderstroke' (Str., Plu.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [578] *ḱerh₂- `shatter, smash'Etymology: Thematic transformation of an r-n-noun *κερα-Ϝαρ, κερα-υν- `shattering' from a lost verb `shatter', which was supplanted by κεραΐζω (s. v.); on the formation s. ἐλαύνω and Schwyzer 521. - (Not here Skt. śáru- `arrow' and Germ., e. g. Goth. haírus `sword' (Bq).Page in Frisk: 1,828Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κεραυνός
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3 κόρθυς
κόρθυς, - υοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `heap, of grain?, sheaf?' (Theoc. 10, 46: κόρθυος ἁ τομά; cf. H.: κόρθυας τὰ κατ' ὀλίγον δράγματα), `heap, σωρός' (EM 530, 3), of sand, ἄμμου κόρθυς (Anon. ap. Suid. s. κορθύεται).Derivatives: κορθύομαι ( κῦμα, resp. ὕδωρ Ι 7, A. R. 2, 322) `form a heap (a sheaf?), rise'; κορθύνω ( Ζεὺς κόρθυνεν ἑὸν μένος Hes. Th. 853). Aor. κορθῦσαι ( εὖτέ με θυμὸς κορθύσῃ Hymn. Is. 150) `raise high'.Etymology: "Offenbar mit κόρθις, κορθίλαι nahe verwandt." Frisk (for which I see no reason). Connected with Skt. śárdha- m., śárdhas- n. `band, troop', Germ., e. g. Goth. haírda `herd', MWelsh cordd f. `troop, band, family' a. o. (IE. *ḱordho-, -ā, *ḱerdhos-, -ā, prop. *"heap"?). Further connection with κορέννυμι (Osthoff Etym. parerga 1, 8ff.; Pok. 579, also W.-Hofmann s. creō) is quite hypothetic.Page in Frisk: 1,921-922Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόρθυς
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4 σκότος
Grammatical information: m.,Meaning: `darkness, dark', also of the dark before the eyes = `swindle' (Il.).Other forms: Also n. (since Va; after φῶς a. o., extensively Egli Heteroklisie 64 f.)Compounds: Some compp., e.g. σκοτο-μήν-ιος "having the moon in the dark", `moon-darkness, moonless', adjunct of νύξ (ξ 457), univerbation of σκότος and μήν(η); besides the abstract σκοτο-μην-ία f. `moonlessnes, moonless night' (hell.), also σκοτο-μήνη `id.' (Democr.[?], LXX) and (after the nom. in - αινα) σκοτό-μαινα f. `id.' (AP a.o.); cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 57 (slightly diff.). Further σκοτο-διν-ία, Ion. - ίη f. `swindle' (Hp., Pl.) with - δινιάω (Ar., Pl.); also - δινος m. `id.' (Hp.; after δῖνος); diff. Georgacas Glotta 36, 182.Derivatives: Several derivv. A. Adj.: 1. σκότιος `dark, secretly, illegitimate', in Crete also = ἄνηβος (esp. ep. poet. Z 24; cf. Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 108 against Leumann Hom. Wörter 284); to this σκοτίας δραπέτης H. 2. σκοτ-αῖος `in the dark, dark' (IA.; after κνεφαῖος a.o.; Schwyzer 467). 3. - εινός `darkness' (A.; after φαεινός a. o.) with - εινότης f. (Pl.), - εινῶδες H. s. νυθῶδες. 4. - όεις `id.' (Hp., Emp., hell. ep.; Debrunner Άντίδωρον 28f.); Σκοτοῦσ(σ)α (- όεσσα) f. town in Thessaly (hell.). 5. - ώδης `dark, dizzy' (IA.) with - ωδία f. (late). 6. - ερός `dark' (hell. poet.). -- B. Subst. 1. σκοτία f. = σκότος (Ar., LXX, NT a.o.); or to σκότιος as e.g. ὁσία: ὅσιος?; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 38 w. n. 4. 2. σκοταρία ζόφος. Άχαιοί H. 3. Σκοτίτας m. surn. of Zeus (Paus. 3, 10, 6); explanation debated; cf., except LSJ, Redard 212, Hitzig -Blümner ad loc., v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 229. 4. Σκοτία (- ιά) f. surn. of Aphrodite (H., EM; Scheller Oxyt. 129 w. n. 2). -- C. Verbs: 1. σκοτόομαι, - όω, also w. ἀπο-, συν-, `it becomes dark before my eyes, I'm passing out; to pass out, to darken' (Att. etc.; on the meaning Chantraine Sprache 1, 147 f.) with σκότ-ωμα, - ωσις (hell. a. late). 2. ἐπι-σκοτ-έω `to shroud in darkness, to darken' (Hp., Att.; like ἐπι-θυμ-έω, - χειρ-έω a. o.) with - ησις f. (Plu. a. o.), - ος adj. (Pi. Pae. 9, 5; v. l.). 3. σκοτάω in 3. pl. σκοτόωσι `their sight becomes darkened' (Nic.). 4. σκοτ-άζω, mostly w. συν-, `to become dark, to darken' (Att. etc.; in the older language only impersonal) with - ασμός m. (late). 5. - ίζω, also w. ἐπι-, ἀπο-, κατα-, `to darken' (hell. a. late) with - ισμός, - ισις (sp.). 6. σκοτ-εύει δραπετεύει H. (cf. σκοτίας ab. A. 1).Etymology: Without direct non-Gr. agreement, σκότος has a very close cognate in a Germ. word for `shadow': Goth. skadus, OE sceadu (also `darkness'), OHG scato, -( a)wes, PGm. * skaðu- (after the opposite * haiðu- prop. `light-appearance' [= Skt. ketú-] in Goth. haidus `art and way' a. o.?). Besides stand in Celt. forms with lengthened grade, e.g. OIr. scāth n. `shadow', IE * skōto- or * skāto- (diff. s. σκιά). WP. 2, 600 (w. older lit.), Pok. 957; older lit. also in Bq.Page in Frisk: 2,739-740Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκότος
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