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leading construction company/en

  • 1 leading construction company

    Англо-русский строительный словарь > leading construction company

  • 2 company

    компания; ( акционерное) общество; фирма

    under-contract construction company — строительная компания, заключившая договор на строительство объекта

    to close down, to liquidate a company — ликвидировать компанию

    to set up a company — учреждать, создавать компанию

    - building company - carrier company - competitive company - contracting company - designing company - ditch company - domestic company - engineering company - forwarding company - installation company - insurance company - leading construction company - limited company - limited liability company - maintenance company - manufacturing company - one-man company - parent company - presentation of a company - private company - public company - public limited company - purchasing company - service company - shipbuilding company - specialized company - subsidiary company - supplier company - trading company - vendor company - well-established company
    * * *
    фирма

    company under contract — строительная фирма, заключившая договор на постройку [строительство]

    - building company
    - contracting company
    - insurance company
    - public service company
    - ready mix company

    Англо-русский строительный словарь > company

  • 3 company

    [ˈkʌmpənɪ]
    acquired company приобретенная компания acquiring company компания, приобретающая активы другой компании affiliate company компания-филиал affiliated company включенная в качестве филиала компания affiliated company дочерняя компания affiliated company компания, с которой имеются связи affiliated company компания-участница affiliated company компания-филиал affiliated company подконтрольная компания ailing company компания, испытывающая финансовые трудности air company авиакомпания air company авиационное коммерческое предприятие allied company дочерняя компания allied company компания-участница allied company подконтрольная компания amalgamated company объединенная компания associated company ассоциированная компания associated company дочернее общество associated company дочерняя компания associated company материнская компания associated company подконтрольная компания bank holding company банковская холдинг-компания bartering company компания, заключающая бартерные сделки bonding company компания по страхованию поручительного обязательства brass plate company адрес компании с указанием номера абонементного ящика captive company несамостоятельная компания ceding company компания, передающая риск и перестрахование chartered company компания, созданная на основе королевского декрета (Великобритания) close company закрытая компания close company компания закрытого типа commandite company командитная компания company акционерное общество company гости; to receive a great deal of company часто принимать гостей company компания, общество company компания company корпорация company общество; компания; to bear (или to keep) (smb.) company составлять (кому-л.) компанию, сопровождать (кого-л.) company общество company воен. рота company собеседник; he is poor (good) company он скучный (интересный) собеседник company товарищество company ком. товарищество, компания company труппа, ансамбль артистов; stock company постоянная труппа company экипаж (судна) company attr. воен. ротный company attr.: company store фабричная лавка; company union амер. "компанейский" профсоюз (организуемый предпринимателем для борьбы с независимыми профсоюзами) company in distress компания, испытывающая финансовые трудности company in financial difficulties компания, испытывающая финансовые трудности company in general meeting общее собрание представителей компании company in process of winding up компания в процессе ликвидации company attr.: company store фабричная лавка; company union амер. "компанейский" профсоюз (организуемый предпринимателем для борьбы с независимыми профсоюзами) company to be dissolved ликвидируемая компания company under foreign ownership компания, являющаяся иностранной собственностью company attr.: company store фабричная лавка; company union амер. "компанейский" профсоюз (организуемый предпринимателем для борьбы с независимыми профсоюзами) union: company company профсоюз, созданный в компании company with share capital компания с акционерным капиталом concessionary company концессионная компания constituent company дочерняя компания constituent company подконтрольная компания constituent company учредительная компания с правом голоса constituent company филиал construction company строительная компания consumer products company компания по производству потребительских товаров continuing company действующая компания contracting company компания-подрядчик controlled company дочерняя компания controlled company компания-участница controlled company подконтрольная компания controlling company компания-держатель controlling company материнская компания controlling company холдинг-компания credit evaluation company компания по оценке кредита de facto company фактически действующая компания deficit company компания с отрицательным платежным балансом defunct company расформированная компания discontinuing company компания, прекращающая свою деятельность diversified company диверсифицированная компания diversified company многоотраслевая компания dock company складская компания domestic company отечественная компания dummy company фиктивная компания dwarf company карликовая компания factoring company компания-посредник failing company компания, терпящая убытки family company семейная компания family-owned company семейная компания fictitious company фиктивная компания finance company финансовая компания financial company финансовая компания financial holding company финансовая холдинг-компания float a company образовывать акционерное общество present company excepted о присутствующих не говорят; for company за компанию found a company учреждать компанию general insurance company компания общего страхования group company концерн group company смешанная компания group company совместная компания guarantee company компания-гарант company собеседник; he is poor (good) company он скучный (интересный) собеседник hire purchase company компания, продающая товары в рассрочку holding company компания, владеющая контрольными пакетами акций других компаний; компания-держатель; компания-учредитель holding company орг.бизн. компания-держатель holding company орг.бизн. материнская компания holding company орг.бизн. холдинг-компания holding company холдинговая компания; компания, владеющая контрольными пакетами акций других компаний; компания-держатель; компания-учредитель inactive company неактивная компания incorporated company акционерная компания industrial company промышленная компания insurance company страховая компания insurance company страховое общество international trading company международная торговая компания interrelated company взаимодействующая компания investment company инвестиционная компания investment trust company инвестиционная компания joint stock company акционерная компания stock: joint company company акционерное общество joint venture company совместная компания joint-stock company акционерное общество to keep bad company водиться с плохими людьми to keep company разг. ухаживать; to keep company (with smb.) общаться, встречаться (с кем-л.) to keep company разг. ухаживать; to keep company (with smb.) общаться, встречаться (с кем-л.) keep: to company company дружить; to keep covered воен. держать на прицеле; to keep on at a person разг. беспрестанно бранить (кого-л.) to company company составлять компанию, сопровождать to keep good company встречаться с хорошими людьми, бывать в хорошем обществе lame duck company компания в тяжелом финансовом положении, нуждающаяся в поддержке государства leading reinsurance company ведущая перестраховочная компания leasing company компания-арендатор leveraged company компания с высокой долей заемных средств limited company компания с ограниченной ответственностью limited: company ограниченный; limited company ком. акционерное общество с ограниченной ответственностью limited insurance company страховая компания с ограниченной ответственностью limited liability company компания с ограниченной ответственностью liability: limited company company акционерное общество с ограниченной ответственностью liner company судоходная компания liquidate a company ликвидировать компанию liquidating company компания-ликвидатор listed company компания, акции которой котируются на фондовой бирже local company местная компания lumber company лесозаготовительная компания mail-order company компания посылочной торговли main company главная компания a man is known by the company he keeps посл. = скажи мне, кто твой друг, и я скажу, кто ты marine insurance company компания морского страхования medium-sized company компания среднего размера multinational company многонациональная компания municipality-controlled company компания, контролируемая муниципалитетом mutual company компания на взаимных началах mutual insurance company компания взаимного страхования natural gas company компания по снабжению природным газом nonlife insurance company компания по страхованию ущерба nonprofit company бесприбыльная компания nonprofit company некоммерческая компания oil company нефтедобывающая компания oil company нефтяная компания one-man company компания, акции которой принадлежат одному лицу one-man company компания с единоличным владельцем open-end investment company инвестиционная компания открытого типа ostensible company фиктивная компания paper company фиктивная компания parent company компания, владеющая контрольным пакетом другой компании; компания-учредитель parent company компания, владеющая контрольным пакетом акций другой компании parent company материнская компания to part company (with smb.) прекратить связь, знакомство (с кем-л.) partnership company товарищество pension insurance company компания страхования пенсии petroleum company нефтяная компания pharmaceutical company фармацевтическая компания phone company телефонная компания present company excepted о присутствующих не говорят; for company за компанию present: present грам.: present tense настоящее время; present participle причастие настоящего времени; present company excepted о присутствующих не говорят primary company основная компания principal company основная компания private company закрытая акционерная компания private company товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью private company частная акционерная компания private insurance company частная страховая компания production company производственная фирма production company производящая компания profit making company компания, получающая прибыль profitable company рентабельная компания property administration company компания, управляющая собственностью property company компания-держатель property company холдинг-компания proprietary company компания-держатель proprietary company холдинг-компания proprietary company частная компания с ограниченной ответственностью public company открытая акционерная компания public company публичная акционерная компания public utility company государственная компания по коммунальному обслуживанию public utility company государственное коммунальное предприятие publishing company издательская фирма quasipublic company квазигосударственная организация quasipublic company частная компания с общественными функциями quoted company компания, акции которой котируются на рынке railway company железнодорожная компания real estate company компания, ведущая операции с недвижимостью real property company компания, ведущая операции с недвижимостью company гости; to receive a great deal of company часто принимать гостей redevelopment company компания по реконструкции жилых районов registered company зарегистрированная компания regulated company компания, деятельность которой регулируется государством reinsurance company компания, осуществляющая перестрахование reinsurance company перестраховочная компания related company дочерняя компания related company компания-участница related company подконтрольная компания retroceding company ретроцедирующая компания sales finance company компания по финансированию продаж в рассрочку salvage company спасательное общество selling company торговая компания semipublic company акционерная компания с собственностью смешанного типа service company компания сферы обслуживания shell company официально зарегистрированная компания, не имеющая существенных активов и не ведущая операций shipowning company судоходная компания shipping company судоходная компания sister company родственная компания sister company филиал компании sole proprietor company компания с единственным владельцем specialized trading company специализированная торговая компания statutory company компания, учрежденная специальным актом парламента (Великобритания) company труппа, ансамбль артистов; stock company постоянная труппа stock company акционерная компания stock company театральная труппа, обычно выступающая в одном театре с определенным репертуаром; театральная труппа со средним составом актеров (без звезд) stock: company = stock company stock-exchange listed company компания, внесенная в курсовой бюллетень stockbroking company компания, ведущая операции с фондовыми ценностями storage company фирма, обслуживающая склад subsidiary company дочерняя компания subsidiary company филиал surety company компания-гарант surviving company компания-наследница surviving company сохранившаяся компания telephone company телефонная компания television company телекомпания trading company торговая компания transport company транспортная компания trust company компания, выступающая в качестве доверительного собственника trust company траст-компания trust company трастовая компания underlying company дочерняя компания, привилегии которой не могут быть переданы материнской фирме unlimited company компания с неограниченной ответственностью urban redevelopment company компания, ведущая перепланировку города utility company предприятие общественного пользования warehousing company складская фирма wholly foreign-owned company фирма, полностью контролируемая иностранным владельцем

    English-Russian short dictionary > company

  • 4 company

    ˈkʌmpənɪ сущ.
    1) любая группа (обычно людей) а) общество, компания;
    друзья, товарищи Most glad of your company. ≈ Мне так приятно быть в вашем обществе. keep company company-keeper part company company work for company in company Syn: group, fellowship, society, party, band Two's company, three's none. ≈ Третий лишний. Three is a company. ≈ Трое в самый раз, троих достаточно (для осуществления какого-л. предприятия;
    калька с лат. tres faciunt collegium, формулы, указывающей минимальное число судей, достаточное для слушания дела) Present company excepted ≈ О присутствующих не говорят. A man is known by the company he keeps ≈ посл. Скажи мне, кто твой друг, и я скажу, кто ты б) гости (в этом значении без артикля) ;
    собрание, вечеринка, вечер, праздник Talked of in public companies at Berlin. ≈ Об этом говорили на публичных вечерах в Берлине. Hector had company in his house. ≈ У Гектора были гости. в) группа, некоторое число A company of horses in Pharaohs chariots. ≈ Группа лошадей, запряженных в колесницы фараона. г) другие люди (те, которые нарушают уединение;
    может прямо не переводиться) But now shhh! company is coming. ≈ Но теперь тихо! сюда идут.
    2) профессиональная группа людей а) коммерч. компания, товарищество, фирма, общество ( акционерное, с каким-л. типом ответственности и т.п.) ;
    ист. гильдия - joint-stock company limited liability company company man John company mutual insurance company testing company б) те члены коммерческого общества, чьи фамилии не упоминаются в названии A catalogue published by Charles Griffin & Company. ≈ Каталог, публикуемой фирмой "Чарльз Гриффин и компания". в) труппа, ансамбль артистов The king's company of French comedians play here every night. ≈ Королевская труппа французских актеров играет здесь представления каждый вечер. stock company ≈ постоянная труппа г) мор. экипаж, команда (также в варианте ship's company) д) воен. любая воинская единица;
    также специально воинская единица под командой офицера в чине капитана, т.е. батальон, рота( пехотные), батарея( артиллерийская), эскадрон (кавалерийский) The French also have their free companies who never enter the body of any regiment. ≈ У французов есть также отдельные батальоны, которые не входят в состав каких-либо более крупных соединений. combat company independent company free company е) (с определенным артиклем с прописной буквы) разг. Центральное Разведывательное Управление США, ЦРУ, см. CIA общество;
    компания - * manners чинное поведение( в обществе;
    часто о детях) - in * в обществе, на людях;
    - she behaves well in * она умеет себя вести на людях;
    - to swear in * браниться во всеуслышание;
    - in * with smb. в обществе кого-д;
    - I'll come with you for * я пойду с вами ради компании;
    - to keep smb. * составить компанию кому-л;
    - to keep * with smb. водить дружбу с кем-л;
    - to keep good * бывать в хорошем обществе, встречаться с хорошими людьми;
    - to keep bad * бывать в плохой компании, водиться с плохими людьми;
    - to fall into * with smb. случайно познакомиться с кем-л;
    - to part * with smb. прекратить знакомство с кем-л;
    - present * excepted о присутствующх не говорят собеседник;
    партнер по общению;
    - to be good * быть интересным собеседником;
    - he is poor * с ним скучно;
    - she is excellent * с ней всегда легко и весело (экономика) общество, компания, товарищество;
    - insurance * страховое общество;
    - operating * (американизм) фирма-производитель;
    - * union( американизм) "компанейский" профсоюз, профсоюз, созданный предпринимателями и послушный им;
    - * store фабричная лавка;
    - * gunmen (американизм) (разговорное) вооруженная охрана на частном предприятии;
    - * checker( американизм) (сленг) шпики, доносчики, нанятые предпринимателем;
    - John Jones and Company Джон Джонс и компания (разговорное) гости или гость;
    общество;
    - to receive a great deal of * часто принимать гостей;
    - we expect * tomorrow завтра мы ждем гостя или гостей постоянная группа (артистов) ;
    ансамбль;
    - theatrical * театральная труппа экипаж (судна) (военное) рота;
    - * commander командир роты;
    - * clerk ротный писарь;
    - * headquarters группа управления роты;
    - * officer( американизм) младший офицерский состав (американизм) (профессионализм) (жаргон) (the C.) "наша контора" (о ЦРУ) > to know a man by his * скажи мне, кто твой друг, и я скажу, кто ты;
    > as a man is so is his * (пословица) каков сам, таковы и твои друзья;
    > to sin in good * кто не без греха?;
    праведников мало на свете;
    > two is * but three is none (пословица) где двое, там третий лишний;
    > who keeps * with the wolf will learn to howl (пословица) с волками жить - по волчьи выть( редкое) общаться, быть в компании ( устаревшее) сопровождать, конвоировать acquired ~ приобретенная компания acquiring ~ компания, приобретающая активы другой компании affiliate ~ компания-филиал affiliated ~ включенная в качестве филиала компания affiliated ~ дочерняя компания affiliated ~ компания, с которой имеются связи affiliated ~ компания-участница affiliated ~ компания-филиал affiliated ~ подконтрольная компания ailing ~ компания, испытывающая финансовые трудности air ~ авиакомпания air ~ авиационное коммерческое предприятие allied ~ дочерняя компания allied ~ компания-участница allied ~ подконтрольная компания amalgamated ~ объединенная компания associated ~ ассоциированная компания associated ~ дочернее общество associated ~ дочерняя компания associated ~ материнская компания associated ~ подконтрольная компания bank holding ~ банковская холдинг-компания bartering ~ компания, заключающая бартерные сделки bonding ~ компания по страхованию поручительного обязательства brass plate ~ адрес компании с указанием номера абонементного ящика captive ~ несамостоятельная компания ceding ~ компания, передающая риск и перестрахование chartered ~ компания, созданная на основе королевского декрета (Великобритания) close ~ закрытая компания close ~ компания закрытого типа commandite ~ командитная компания company акционерное общество ~ гости;
    to receive a great deal of company часто принимать гостей ~ компания, общество ~ компания ~ корпорация ~ общество;
    компания;
    to bear (или to keep) (smb.) company составлять( кому-л.) компанию, сопровождать (кого-л.) ~ общество ~ воен. рота ~ собеседник;
    he is poor (good) company он скучный (интересный) собеседник ~ товарищество ~ ком. товарищество, компания ~ труппа, ансамбль артистов;
    stock company постоянная труппа ~ экипаж (судна) ~ attr. воен. ротный ~ attr.: ~ store фабричная лавка;
    company union амер. "компанейский" профсоюз (организуемый предпринимателем для борьбы с независимыми профсоюзами) ~ in distress компания, испытывающая финансовые трудности ~ in financial difficulties компания, испытывающая финансовые трудности ~ in general meeting общее собрание представителей компании ~ in process of winding up компания в процессе ликвидации ~ attr.: ~ store фабричная лавка;
    company union амер. "компанейский" профсоюз (организуемый предпринимателем для борьбы с независимыми профсоюзами) ~ to be dissolved ликвидируемая компания ~ under foreign ownership компания, являющаяся иностранной собственностью ~ attr.: ~ store фабричная лавка;
    company union амер. "компанейский" профсоюз (организуемый предпринимателем для борьбы с независимыми профсоюзами) union: company ~ профсоюз, созданный в компании ~ with share capital компания с акционерным капиталом concessionary ~ концессионная компания constituent ~ дочерняя компания constituent ~ подконтрольная компания constituent ~ учредительная компания с правом голоса constituent ~ филиал construction ~ строительная компания consumer products ~ компания по производству потребительских товаров continuing ~ действующая компания contracting ~ компания-подрядчик controlled ~ дочерняя компания controlled ~ компания-участница controlled ~ подконтрольная компания controlling ~ компания-держатель controlling ~ материнская компания controlling ~ холдинг-компания credit evaluation ~ компания по оценке кредита de facto ~ фактически действующая компания deficit ~ компания с отрицательным платежным балансом defunct ~ расформированная компания discontinuing ~ компания, прекращающая свою деятельность diversified ~ диверсифицированная компания diversified ~ многоотраслевая компания dock ~ складская компания domestic ~ отечественная компания dummy ~ фиктивная компания dwarf ~ карликовая компания factoring ~ компания-посредник failing ~ компания, терпящая убытки family ~ семейная компания family-owned ~ семейная компания fictitious ~ фиктивная компания finance ~ финансовая компания financial ~ финансовая компания financial holding ~ финансовая холдинг-компания float a ~ образовывать акционерное общество present ~ excepted о присутствующих не говорят;
    for company за компанию found a ~ учреждать компанию general insurance ~ компания общего страхования group ~ концерн group ~ смешанная компания group ~ совместная компания guarantee ~ компания-гарант ~ собеседник;
    he is poor (good) company он скучный (интересный) собеседник hire purchase ~ компания, продающая товары в рассрочку holding ~ компания, владеющая контрольными пакетами акций других компаний;
    компания-держатель;
    компания-учредитель holding ~ орг.бизн. компания-держатель holding ~ орг.бизн. материнская компания holding ~ орг.бизн. холдинг-компания holding ~ холдинговая компания;
    компания, владеющая контрольными пакетами акций других компаний;
    компания-держатель;
    компания-учредитель inactive ~ неактивная компания incorporated ~ акционерная компания industrial ~ промышленная компания insurance ~ страховая компания insurance ~ страховое общество international trading ~ международная торговая компания interrelated ~ взаимодействующая компания investment ~ инвестиционная компания investment trust ~ инвестиционная компания joint stock ~ акционерная компания stock: joint ~ company акционерное общество joint venture ~ совместная компания joint-stock ~ акционерное общество to keep bad ~ водиться с плохими людьми to keep ~ разг. ухаживать;
    to keep company (with smb.) общаться, встречаться( с кем-л.) to keep ~ разг. ухаживать;
    to keep company (with smb.) общаться, встречаться (с кем-л.) keep: to ~ company дружить;
    to keep covered воен. держать на прицеле;
    to keep on at a person разг. беспрестанно бранить( кого-л.) to ~ company составлять компанию, сопровождать to keep good ~ встречаться с хорошими людьми, бывать в хорошем обществе lame duck ~ компания в тяжелом финансовом положении, нуждающаяся в поддержке государства leading reinsurance ~ ведущая перестраховочная компания leasing ~ компания-арендатор leveraged ~ компания с высокой долей заемных средств limited ~ компания с ограниченной ответственностью limited: ~ ограниченный;
    limited company ком. акционерное общество с ограниченной ответственностью limited insurance ~ страховая компания с ограниченной ответственностью limited liability ~ компания с ограниченной ответственностью liability: limited ~ company акционерное общество с ограниченной ответственностью liner ~ судоходная компания liquidate a ~ ликвидировать компанию liquidating ~ компания-ликвидатор listed ~ компания, акции которой котируются на фондовой бирже local ~ местная компания lumber ~ лесозаготовительная компания mail-order ~ компания посылочной торговли main ~ главная компания a man is known by the ~ he keeps посл. = скажи мне, кто твой друг, и я скажу, кто ты marine insurance ~ компания морского страхования medium-sized ~ компания среднего размера multinational ~ многонациональная компания municipality-controlled ~ компания, контролируемая муниципалитетом mutual ~ компания на взаимных началах mutual insurance ~ компания взаимного страхования natural gas ~ компания по снабжению природным газом nonlife insurance ~ компания по страхованию ущерба nonprofit ~ бесприбыльная компания nonprofit ~ некоммерческая компания oil ~ нефтедобывающая компания oil ~ нефтяная компания one-man ~ компания, акции которой принадлежат одному лицу one-man ~ компания с единоличным владельцем open-end investment ~ инвестиционная компания открытого типа ostensible ~ фиктивная компания paper ~ фиктивная компания parent ~ компания, владеющая контрольным пакетом другой компании;
    компания-учредитель parent ~ компания, владеющая контрольным пакетом акций другой компании parent ~ материнская компания to part ~ (with smb.) прекратить связь, знакомство ( с кем-л.) partnership ~ товарищество pension insurance ~ компания страхования пенсии petroleum ~ нефтяная компания pharmaceutical ~ фармацевтическая компания phone ~ телефонная компания present ~ excepted о присутствующих не говорят;
    for company за компанию present: present грам.: present tense настоящее время;
    present participle причастие настоящего времени;
    present company excepted о присутствующих не говорят primary ~ основная компания principal ~ основная компания private ~ закрытая акционерная компания private ~ товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью private ~ частная акционерная компания private insurance ~ частная страховая компания production ~ производственная фирма production ~ производящая компания profit making ~ компания, получающая прибыль profitable ~ рентабельная компания property administration ~ компания, управляющая собственностью property ~ компания-держатель property ~ холдинг-компания proprietary ~ компания-держатель proprietary ~ холдинг-компания proprietary ~ частная компания с ограниченной ответственностью public ~ открытая акционерная компания public ~ публичная акционерная компания public utility ~ государственная компания по коммунальному обслуживанию public utility ~ государственное коммунальное предприятие publishing ~ издательская фирма quasipublic ~ квазигосударственная организация quasipublic ~ частная компания с общественными функциями quoted ~ компания, акции которой котируются на рынке railway ~ железнодорожная компания real estate ~ компания, ведущая операции с недвижимостью real property ~ компания, ведущая операции с недвижимостью ~ гости;
    to receive a great deal of company часто принимать гостей redevelopment ~ компания по реконструкции жилых районов registered ~ зарегистрированная компания regulated ~ компания, деятельность которой регулируется государством reinsurance ~ компания, осуществляющая перестрахование reinsurance ~ перестраховочная компания related ~ дочерняя компания related ~ компания-участница related ~ подконтрольная компания retroceding ~ ретроцедирующая компания sales finance ~ компания по финансированию продаж в рассрочку salvage ~ спасательное общество selling ~ торговая компания semipublic ~ акционерная компания с собственностью смешанного типа service ~ компания сферы обслуживания shell ~ официально зарегистрированная компания, не имеющая существенных активов и не ведущая операций shipowning ~ судоходная компания shipping ~ судоходная компания sister ~ родственная компания sister ~ филиал компании sole proprietor ~ компания с единственным владельцем specialized trading ~ специализированная торговая компания statutory ~ компания, учрежденная специальным актом парламента (Великобритания) ~ труппа, ансамбль артистов;
    stock company постоянная труппа stock ~ акционерная компания stock ~ театральная труппа, обычно выступающая в одном театре с определенным репертуаром;
    театральная труппа со средним составом актеров (без звезд) stock: ~ = stock company stock-exchange listed ~ компания, внесенная в курсовой бюллетень stockbroking ~ компания, ведущая операции с фондовыми ценностями storage ~ фирма, обслуживающая склад subsidiary ~ дочерняя компания subsidiary ~ филиал surety ~ компания-гарант surviving ~ компания-наследница surviving ~ сохранившаяся компания telephone ~ телефонная компания television ~ телекомпания trading ~ торговая компания transport ~ транспортная компания trust ~ компания, выступающая в качестве доверительного собственника trust ~ траст-компания trust ~ трастовая компания underlying ~ дочерняя компания, привилегии которой не могут быть переданы материнской фирме unlimited ~ компания с неограниченной ответственностью urban redevelopment ~ компания, ведущая перепланировку города utility ~ предприятие общественного пользования warehousing ~ складская фирма wholly foreign-owned ~ фирма, полностью контролируемая иностранным владельцем

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > company

  • 5 ведущая строительная компания

    Русско-английский словарь по строительству и новым строительным технологиям > ведущая строительная компания

  • 6 cabeza

    f.
    1 head.
    me duele la cabeza I've got a headache
    lavarse la cabeza to wash one's hair
    por cabeza per head
    tirarse de cabeza (al agua) to dive (into the water)
    cabeza de ajo head of garlic
    cabeza (lectora) (gen)&(computing) head
    cabeza nuclear nuclear warhead
    2 unit.
    3 lead, leading position.
    * * *
    1 (gen) head
    2 figurado (juicio) good judgement; (talento) talent, intelligence
    3 (de región) main town
    1 (jefe) head, leader
    \
    a la cabeza de at the front of, at the top of
    andar de cabeza / ir de cabeza to be rushed off one's feet
    andar de cabeza por alguien to be crazy about somebody
    cabeza abajo upside down
    cabeza arriba the right way up, upright
    calentarse la cabeza por algo to get worked up about something
    de cabeza (mentalmente) in one's head 2 (de memoria) from memory
    darse de cabeza contra algo to bang one's head against something
    de pies a cabeza from head to toe, from top to toe
    estar mal de la cabeza figurado not to be right in the head
    meterse algo en la cabeza familiar to get something into one's head
    no levantar cabeza familiar (en deporte) not to find form 2 (en negocios) not to get off the ground
    no tener ni pies ni cabeza figurado to be absurd, make no sense
    perder la cabeza figurado to lose one's head
    quitarle a alguien algo de la cabeza figurado to talk somebody out of something
    quitarse algo de la cabeza to get something out of one's head, forget something
    ser un cabeza dura to be stubborn
    subirse algo a la cabeza figurado to go to one's head
    tirarse de cabeza to dive head first (a/en, into)
    traer a alguien de cabeza / llevar a alguien de cabeza to drive somebody crazy, drive somebody mad
    volver la cabeza to look round
    cabeza de ajo bulb of garlic
    cabeza de espárrago asparagus tip
    cabeza de lista main candidate
    cabeza de partido administrative capital
    cabeza de puente bridgehead
    cabeza de turco scapegoat
    cabeza hueca scatterbrain
    cabeza loca familiar scatterbrain
    cabeza rapada skinhead
    * * *
    noun f.
    - cabeza de serie
    - cabeza de turco
    - cabeza dura
    * * *
    1. SF
    1) [de persona] head

    me duele la cabeza — I've got a headache, my head aches

    afirmar con la cabeza — to nod (one's head)

    agarrarse la cabeza — to hold one's head in one's hands

    asentir con la cabeza — to nod (one's head)

    caer de cabeza — to fall headfirst o headlong

    marcar de cabeza — (Dep) to score with a header

    lavarse la cabeza — to wash one's hair

    levantar la cabeza — (=mirar) to look up

    negar con la cabeza — to shake one's head

    por cabeza, cinco dólares por cabeza — five dollars a head, five dollars per person

    se me va la cabeza — I feel giddy

    volver la cabeza — to look round, turn one's head

    me da vueltas la cabeza — my head's spinning

    2)
    - andar o ir de cabeza

    cortar cabezas —

    írsele a algn de la cabeza —

    el Sporting sigue sin levantar cabeza — Sporting still haven't managed to end their poor run of form, Sporting haven't managed to turn the corner

    hay sectores como la construcción que empiezan a levantar cabeza — some sectors, such as construction, are starting to pick up

    estar mal de la cabeza *, no estar bien de la cabeza *

    meter algo en la cabeza a algn —

    por fin le metimos en la cabeza que... — we finally got it into his head that...

    metérsele a algn en la cabeza —

    se le ha metido en la cabeza hacerlo solohe's taken o got it into his head to do it alone

    pasársele a algn por la cabeza —

    subirse a la cabeza —

    3) (=frente)

    a la cabeza de, a la cabeza de la manifestación — at the head o front of the demonstration

    ir en cabeza — to be in the lead

    ir en cabeza de la lista — to be at the top of the list, head the list

    4) (=distancia) head
    5) [de montaña] top, summit
    6) (=objeto)

    cabeza buscadora — homing head, homing device

    cabeza de biela — (Mec) big end

    cabeza de dragón — (Bot) snapdragon

    cabeza de escritura — (Tip) golf ball

    cabeza de impresión — (Inform) head, printhead

    cabeza de plátanos LAm bunch of bananas

    cabeza impresora — (Inform) head, printhead

    2. SMF
    1) (=líder) head, leader

    es cabeza de las fuerzas armadashe's head o the leader of the armed forces

    2)

    cabeza cuadrada* bigot

    cabeza de chorlito* scatterbrain

    cabeza de serie — (Dep) seed

    cabeza de serrín* airhead *

    cabeza pelada — ( Hist) Roundhead

    cabeza visible — head, leader

    * * *
    1)
    a) (Anat) head

    un día vas a perder la cabeza — (fam & hum) you'd lose your head if it wasn't screwed on (colloq & hum)

    pararse en la or de cabeza — (AmL) to do a headstand

    b) ( medida) head

    le lleva or saca una cabeza a su hermana — he's a head taller than his sister

    c) ( pelo) hair

    tiene cabeza — he's bright, he has a good head on his shoulders

    qué poca cabeza! — have you/has he no sense?

    e) ( mente)

    tú estás mal de la cabezayou're out of your mind

    se le ha metido en la cabeza que... — she's got it into her head that...

    andar or ir de cabeza — (fam)

    ando de cabeza con tanto trabajoI'm up to my eyeballs o eyes in work

    anda de cabeza por ellahe's crazy about her

    calentarle a algn la cabeza con algo — (fam) to fill sb's head with sth

    calentarse la cabeza — (fam) to get worked up (colloq)

    cortar cabezas: en cuanto asumió el cargo entró a cortar cabezas as soon as she took up her post, heads started to roll; darse (con) la cabeza contra la pared ver cabezazo; ir con la cabeza ( bien) alta to hold one's head high; írsele a algn la cabeza: se me va la cabeza I feel dizzy; jugarse la cabeza (RPl fam): va a llegar tarde, me juego la cabeza you can bet your bottom dollar she'll be late (colloq); levantar cabeza (fam) ( superar problemas) to get back on one's feet; levantar la cabeza: ha estado estudiando sin levantar la cabeza she's had her head buried in her work; si tu padre levantara la cabeza! if your father was alive today...!; meterse de cabeza en algo (fam) to throw oneself into sth; no caberle a algn en la cabeza (fam): no me cabe en la cabeza que te guste I just can't understand how you can like it; en qué cabeza cabe! how could anyone be so stupid!; perder la cabeza: no perdamos la cabeza let's not panic o lose our heads; perdió la cabeza por esa mujer he lost his head over that woman; quebrarse la cabeza (Andes fam) to rack one's brains; quitarle a algn algo de la cabeza to get sth out of sb's head; quitarse algo de la cabeza < idea> to get sth out of one's head; romperse la cabeza (fam) ( preocuparse) to rack one's brains; ( lastimarse) to break one's neck (colloq); sentar (la) cabeza (fam) to settle down; subírsele a algn a la cabeza vino/éxito to go to one's head; tener la cabeza sobre los hombros (fam) to have one's head screwed on tight (AmE colloq) o (BrE colloq) screwed on; tener la cabeza llena de pájaros (fam) to have one's head in the clouds; tengo/tiene la cabeza como un bombo (fam) (me/le duele) my/his/her head feels ready to burst (colloq); (estoy/está confundido) my/his/her head's spinning; traer or llevar a algn de cabeza (fam) to drive sb crazy (colloq); nadie escarmienta en cabeza ajena — people only learn from their own mistakes

    2)
    a) ( individuo)

    por cabeza — each, a head

    b) ( de ganado) head
    3) (primer lugar, delantera)

    a la or en cabeza: estamos a la cabeza del sector we are the leading company in this sector; se colocaron a la cabeza de los otros partidos they took the lead over the other parties; iban a la cabeza de la manifestación they were at the front o head of the demonstration; el equipo va en cabeza de la clasificación — the team is at the top of the division

    4)
    a) (de alfiler, clavo, fósforo) head
    b) ( de misil) warhead
    5) (Audio, Video) head
    6) ( de plátanos) hand, bunch
    * * *
    = head, knocker.
    Ex. From the way his left shoulder is tipped forward, from the set of his head and the length of his stride, one gets the feeling that he is a fully clothed sprinter just leaving the starting blocks.
    Ex. He got hit with a cricket ball, smack right on top of his knocker.
    ----
    * abrirse la cabeza = smash + Posesivo + head, smash + Posesivo + head open.
    * águila de cabeza blanca = bald eagle.
    * a la cabeza de = in the forefront of/in.
    * apostarse la cabeza = bet + Posesivo + life.
    * asentimiento con la cabeza = head-nod [head nod], nodding assent, nod.
    * asentir con la cabeza = nod, nod + assent, concur with + an assenting nod, agree with + a nod.
    * asomar la cabeza = poke + Posesivo + head, pop + Posesivo + head.
    * caber en la cabeza = get + Posesivo + head around, wrap + Posesivo + head around.
    * cabeza de ajo = head of garlic, bulb of garlic.
    * cabeza de chorlito = scatterbrain, ditzy [ditzier -comp., ditziest -sup.], ditz, dits, ditsy [ditsier -comp., ditsiest -sup.], airhead, airheaded, empty-headed, bonehead, birdbrain, nong, ning-nong.
    * cabeza de familia = head of the household, householder, head of the family.
    * cabeza de impresión = print head.
    * cabeza de la manada = leader of the pack.
    * cabeza de lanza = spearhead.
    * cabeza de lectura = scanning head.
    * cabeza de línea = railhead.
    * cabeza de muñeco que se balancea ligeramente = bobble head.
    * cabeza de playa = beachhead.
    * cabeza de puente = bridgehead.
    * cabeza de puente aéreo = airhead.
    * cabeza de semillas = seed head.
    * cabeza de serrín = ditz, dits, airhead, airheaded.
    * cabeza de turco = patsy, scapegoat, whipping boy.
    * cabeza dura = pigheaded.
    * cabeza fría = cool head.
    * cabeza hueca = empty-headed, ditzy [ditzier -comp., ditziest -sup.], ditz, dits, ditsy [ditsier -comp., ditsiest -sup.], airhead, airheaded, bonehead, nong, ning-nong.
    * cabeza lectora = read head, reading head.
    * cabeza lectora de disco = disc reading head.
    * cabeza llena de pájaros = head in the clouds.
    * cabeza nuclear = warhead.
    * cabeza + rodar = head + roll.
    * caer de cabeza = go over + Posesivo + head.
    * cigüeña de cabeza pelada = wood stork.
    * con la cabeza en las nubes = ditzy [ditzier -comp., ditziest -sup.], ditsy [ditsier -comp., ditsiest -sup.].
    * cortar la cabeza = behead.
    * dar quebraderos de cabeza = give + headaches.
    * declarar la guerra a muerte a = declare + open season on.
    * de la cabeza a los pies = from head to foot, from head to toe.
    * de pies a cabeza = from head to toe, from head to foot.
    * desde la cabeza hasta los pies = from head to toe.
    * desde la cabeza hasta los pies = head to toe, from head to foot.
    * destornillador de cabeza plana = flathead screwdriver.
    * dolor de cabeza = headache.
    * dolor de cabeza espantoso = splitting headache.
    * echar una cana al aire antes de sentar la cabeza = sow + Posesivo + wild oats.
    * en + Posesivo + cabeza = on + Posesivo + mind.
    * entrar en la cabeza = get + Posesivo + head around, wrap + Posesivo + head around, get it into + Posesivo + head.
    * esconder la cabeza como el avestruz = bury + Posesivo + head in the sand (like an ostrich), stick + Posesivo + head in the sand.
    * herida en la cabeza = head injury.
    * irse la cabeza = go + bananas.
    * írsele la cabeza = go off + Posesivo + head.
    * jugarse la cabeza = bet + Posesivo + life.
    * lanzarse de cabeza = jump in with + both feet.
    * lavarse la cabeza = wash + Posesive + hair, shampoo + Posesivo + hair.
    * lesión en la cabeza = head injury.
    * levantar la cabeza = cock + Posesivo + head.
    * liarse la manta a la cabeza = jump in + head first, jump in at + the deep end, throw + caution to the wind.
    * mantener la cabeza = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together.
    * mantener la cabeza alta = hold + Posesivo + head high.
    * mantener la cabeza fría = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.
    * mantenerse a la cabeza = stay + ahead of the pack.
    * meter en la cabeza = get it into + Posesivo + head.
    * mover la cabeza = shake + head.
    * mover la cabeza de arriba abajo = bob.
    * mover la cabeza de forma brusca hacia delante y hacia atrás = jerk + head.
    * no dejar títere con cabeza = turn + everything upside down.
    * no encontrar ni el pie ni la cabeza = can't make head(s) or tail(s) of.
    * no perder la cabeza = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.
    * no poder quitarse Algo de la cabeza = can't get it out of my mind.
    * no tener ni pies ni cabeza = can't make head(s) or tail(s) of, be pointless.
    * pasar por encima de la cabeza = go over + Posesivo + head.
    * pedir la cabeza de Alguien = bay for + Posesivo + blood.
    * pensamiento que ronda la cabeza de uno = thought + run through + Posesivo + head.
    * perder la cabeza = lose + Posesivo + mind, lose + Posesivo + head, lose + Posesivo + marbles, go + bonkers, fly off + the handle, go (right) off + Posesivo + rocker, go out of + Posesivo + mind, go + soft in the head.
    * piojo de la cabeza = head louse.
    * poner a + Nombre + a la cabeza de = put + Nombre + ahead in.
    * poner precio a la cabeza de Alguien = put + a price on + Posesivo + head.
    * por cabeza = per person.
    * quebradero de cabeza = headache.
    * rascarse la cabeza = scratch + Posesivo + head.
    * reventarse la cabeza = smash + Posesivo + head.
    * romperse la cabeza = puzzle + Reflexivo, scratch + Posesivo + head, rack + Posesivo + brains.
    * sentar la cabeza = settle down.
    * señal con la cabeza = nod.
    * sin cabeza = headless, decapitated.
    * sin pies ni cabeza = without rhyme or reason.
    * subírsele a la cabeza, creérselo = go to + Posesivo + head.
    * subírsele los humos a la cabeza = get + too big for + Posesivo + boots, get + too big for + Posesivo + breeches.
    * tirarse de cabeza = jump in + head first, dive in, dive + head-first.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Anat) head

    un día vas a perder la cabeza — (fam & hum) you'd lose your head if it wasn't screwed on (colloq & hum)

    pararse en la or de cabeza — (AmL) to do a headstand

    b) ( medida) head

    le lleva or saca una cabeza a su hermana — he's a head taller than his sister

    c) ( pelo) hair

    tiene cabeza — he's bright, he has a good head on his shoulders

    qué poca cabeza! — have you/has he no sense?

    e) ( mente)

    tú estás mal de la cabezayou're out of your mind

    se le ha metido en la cabeza que... — she's got it into her head that...

    andar or ir de cabeza — (fam)

    ando de cabeza con tanto trabajoI'm up to my eyeballs o eyes in work

    anda de cabeza por ellahe's crazy about her

    calentarle a algn la cabeza con algo — (fam) to fill sb's head with sth

    calentarse la cabeza — (fam) to get worked up (colloq)

    cortar cabezas: en cuanto asumió el cargo entró a cortar cabezas as soon as she took up her post, heads started to roll; darse (con) la cabeza contra la pared ver cabezazo; ir con la cabeza ( bien) alta to hold one's head high; írsele a algn la cabeza: se me va la cabeza I feel dizzy; jugarse la cabeza (RPl fam): va a llegar tarde, me juego la cabeza you can bet your bottom dollar she'll be late (colloq); levantar cabeza (fam) ( superar problemas) to get back on one's feet; levantar la cabeza: ha estado estudiando sin levantar la cabeza she's had her head buried in her work; si tu padre levantara la cabeza! if your father was alive today...!; meterse de cabeza en algo (fam) to throw oneself into sth; no caberle a algn en la cabeza (fam): no me cabe en la cabeza que te guste I just can't understand how you can like it; en qué cabeza cabe! how could anyone be so stupid!; perder la cabeza: no perdamos la cabeza let's not panic o lose our heads; perdió la cabeza por esa mujer he lost his head over that woman; quebrarse la cabeza (Andes fam) to rack one's brains; quitarle a algn algo de la cabeza to get sth out of sb's head; quitarse algo de la cabeza < idea> to get sth out of one's head; romperse la cabeza (fam) ( preocuparse) to rack one's brains; ( lastimarse) to break one's neck (colloq); sentar (la) cabeza (fam) to settle down; subírsele a algn a la cabeza vino/éxito to go to one's head; tener la cabeza sobre los hombros (fam) to have one's head screwed on tight (AmE colloq) o (BrE colloq) screwed on; tener la cabeza llena de pájaros (fam) to have one's head in the clouds; tengo/tiene la cabeza como un bombo (fam) (me/le duele) my/his/her head feels ready to burst (colloq); (estoy/está confundido) my/his/her head's spinning; traer or llevar a algn de cabeza (fam) to drive sb crazy (colloq); nadie escarmienta en cabeza ajena — people only learn from their own mistakes

    2)
    a) ( individuo)

    por cabeza — each, a head

    b) ( de ganado) head
    3) (primer lugar, delantera)

    a la or en cabeza: estamos a la cabeza del sector we are the leading company in this sector; se colocaron a la cabeza de los otros partidos they took the lead over the other parties; iban a la cabeza de la manifestación they were at the front o head of the demonstration; el equipo va en cabeza de la clasificación — the team is at the top of the division

    4)
    a) (de alfiler, clavo, fósforo) head
    b) ( de misil) warhead
    5) (Audio, Video) head
    6) ( de plátanos) hand, bunch
    * * *
    = head, knocker.

    Ex: From the way his left shoulder is tipped forward, from the set of his head and the length of his stride, one gets the feeling that he is a fully clothed sprinter just leaving the starting blocks.

    Ex: He got hit with a cricket ball, smack right on top of his knocker.
    * abrirse la cabeza = smash + Posesivo + head, smash + Posesivo + head open.
    * águila de cabeza blanca = bald eagle.
    * a la cabeza de = in the forefront of/in.
    * apostarse la cabeza = bet + Posesivo + life.
    * asentimiento con la cabeza = head-nod [head nod], nodding assent, nod.
    * asentir con la cabeza = nod, nod + assent, concur with + an assenting nod, agree with + a nod.
    * asomar la cabeza = poke + Posesivo + head, pop + Posesivo + head.
    * caber en la cabeza = get + Posesivo + head around, wrap + Posesivo + head around.
    * cabeza de ajo = head of garlic, bulb of garlic.
    * cabeza de chorlito = scatterbrain, ditzy [ditzier -comp., ditziest -sup.], ditz, dits, ditsy [ditsier -comp., ditsiest -sup.], airhead, airheaded, empty-headed, bonehead, birdbrain, nong, ning-nong.
    * cabeza de familia = head of the household, householder, head of the family.
    * cabeza de impresión = print head.
    * cabeza de la manada = leader of the pack.
    * cabeza de lanza = spearhead.
    * cabeza de lectura = scanning head.
    * cabeza de línea = railhead.
    * cabeza de muñeco que se balancea ligeramente = bobble head.
    * cabeza de playa = beachhead.
    * cabeza de puente = bridgehead.
    * cabeza de puente aéreo = airhead.
    * cabeza de semillas = seed head.
    * cabeza de serrín = ditz, dits, airhead, airheaded.
    * cabeza de turco = patsy, scapegoat, whipping boy.
    * cabeza dura = pigheaded.
    * cabeza fría = cool head.
    * cabeza hueca = empty-headed, ditzy [ditzier -comp., ditziest -sup.], ditz, dits, ditsy [ditsier -comp., ditsiest -sup.], airhead, airheaded, bonehead, nong, ning-nong.
    * cabeza lectora = read head, reading head.
    * cabeza lectora de disco = disc reading head.
    * cabeza llena de pájaros = head in the clouds.
    * cabeza nuclear = warhead.
    * cabeza + rodar = head + roll.
    * caer de cabeza = go over + Posesivo + head.
    * cigüeña de cabeza pelada = wood stork.
    * con la cabeza en las nubes = ditzy [ditzier -comp., ditziest -sup.], ditsy [ditsier -comp., ditsiest -sup.].
    * cortar la cabeza = behead.
    * dar quebraderos de cabeza = give + headaches.
    * declarar la guerra a muerte a = declare + open season on.
    * de la cabeza a los pies = from head to foot, from head to toe.
    * de pies a cabeza = from head to toe, from head to foot.
    * desde la cabeza hasta los pies = from head to toe.
    * desde la cabeza hasta los pies = head to toe, from head to foot.
    * destornillador de cabeza plana = flathead screwdriver.
    * dolor de cabeza = headache.
    * dolor de cabeza espantoso = splitting headache.
    * echar una cana al aire antes de sentar la cabeza = sow + Posesivo + wild oats.
    * en + Posesivo + cabeza = on + Posesivo + mind.
    * entrar en la cabeza = get + Posesivo + head around, wrap + Posesivo + head around, get it into + Posesivo + head.
    * esconder la cabeza como el avestruz = bury + Posesivo + head in the sand (like an ostrich), stick + Posesivo + head in the sand.
    * herida en la cabeza = head injury.
    * irse la cabeza = go + bananas.
    * írsele la cabeza = go off + Posesivo + head.
    * jugarse la cabeza = bet + Posesivo + life.
    * lanzarse de cabeza = jump in with + both feet.
    * lavarse la cabeza = wash + Posesive + hair, shampoo + Posesivo + hair.
    * lesión en la cabeza = head injury.
    * levantar la cabeza = cock + Posesivo + head.
    * liarse la manta a la cabeza = jump in + head first, jump in at + the deep end, throw + caution to the wind.
    * mantener la cabeza = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together.
    * mantener la cabeza alta = hold + Posesivo + head high.
    * mantener la cabeza fría = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.
    * mantenerse a la cabeza = stay + ahead of the pack.
    * meter en la cabeza = get it into + Posesivo + head.
    * mover la cabeza = shake + head.
    * mover la cabeza de arriba abajo = bob.
    * mover la cabeza de forma brusca hacia delante y hacia atrás = jerk + head.
    * no dejar títere con cabeza = turn + everything upside down.
    * no encontrar ni el pie ni la cabeza = can't make head(s) or tail(s) of.
    * no perder la cabeza = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.
    * no poder quitarse Algo de la cabeza = can't get it out of my mind.
    * no tener ni pies ni cabeza = can't make head(s) or tail(s) of, be pointless.
    * pasar por encima de la cabeza = go over + Posesivo + head.
    * pedir la cabeza de Alguien = bay for + Posesivo + blood.
    * pensamiento que ronda la cabeza de uno = thought + run through + Posesivo + head.
    * perder la cabeza = lose + Posesivo + mind, lose + Posesivo + head, lose + Posesivo + marbles, go + bonkers, fly off + the handle, go (right) off + Posesivo + rocker, go out of + Posesivo + mind, go + soft in the head.
    * piojo de la cabeza = head louse.
    * poner a + Nombre + a la cabeza de = put + Nombre + ahead in.
    * poner precio a la cabeza de Alguien = put + a price on + Posesivo + head.
    * por cabeza = per person.
    * quebradero de cabeza = headache.
    * rascarse la cabeza = scratch + Posesivo + head.
    * reventarse la cabeza = smash + Posesivo + head.
    * romperse la cabeza = puzzle + Reflexivo, scratch + Posesivo + head, rack + Posesivo + brains.
    * sentar la cabeza = settle down.
    * señal con la cabeza = nod.
    * sin cabeza = headless, decapitated.
    * sin pies ni cabeza = without rhyme or reason.
    * subírsele a la cabeza, creérselo = go to + Posesivo + head.
    * subírsele los humos a la cabeza = get + too big for + Posesivo + boots, get + too big for + Posesivo + breeches.
    * tirarse de cabeza = jump in + head first, dive in, dive + head-first.

    * * *
    A
    negó con la cabeza she shook her head
    asintió con la cabeza he nodded, he nodded his head
    sacó la cabeza por la ventanilla he stuck o put his head out of the window
    volvió la cabeza para ver si lo seguían he looked around o turned his head to see if he was being followed
    bajó la cabeza avergonzado he lowered his head in shame
    me duele la cabeza I've got a headache, my head aches
    es para darse de or la cabeza contra la pared it's enough to make you cry
    se tiró al agua de cabeza she dived into the water (head first)
    marcó de cabeza he scored with a header o with his head, he headed the ball into the net
    un día vas a perder la cabeza ( fam hum); you'd lose your head if it wasn't screwed on ( colloq hum)
    me unté de grasa de la cabeza hasta los pies I got covered in grease from head to toe o foot
    pararse en la or de cabeza ( AmL); to stand on one's head, to do a headstand
    2 (medida) head
    ganó por una cabeza he won by a head
    le lleva una cabeza a su hermana he's a head taller than his sister, his sister only comes up to his shoulder
    3 (pelo) hair
    me tengo que lavar la cabeza I have to wash my hair
    4
    (inteligencia): tiene cabeza, pero es muy vago he's bright o ( AmE) smart o he has a good head on his shoulders, but he's very lazy
    al pobre niño no le da la cabeza the poor kid doesn't have the brains for it
    usa la cabeza use your head
    nunca tuve cabeza para las ciencias I never had a head for science
    no lo copié, salió todo de mi cabeza I didn't copy it, it was all out of my own head
    ¡qué poca cabeza! have you/has he no sense?
    5
    (mente): ¡que cabeza la mía! se me había olvidado completamente su cumpleaños what a memory! I had totally forgotten her birthday
    tenía la cabeza en otra cosa my mind was elsewhere o I was thinking about something else
    tú estás mal or no estás bien de la cabeza you're crazy, you're out of your mind, you're out of ( AmE) o ( BrE) off your head ( colloq)
    con tantos halagos se le llenó la cabeza de humos all that praise went to his head
    se me ha ido de la cabeza it's gone right out of my head
    ¿quién te ha metido esas ideas en la cabeza? who's put those ideas into your head?
    se le ha metido en la cabeza que se quiere casar she's got it into her head that she wants to get married
    le dije lo primero que me vino a la cabeza I said the first thing that came into my head
    jamás se me pasó por la cabeza semejante idea the idea never even crossed my mind
    ya te puedes ir quitando or sacando a esa mujer de la cabeza you'd better start getting that woman out of your head, you'd better start forgetting about that woman
    andar or ir de cabeza ( fam): ando de cabeza con tanto trabajo I'm up to my eyeballs o eyes in work
    anda de cabeza por ella he's crazy about her
    calentarle a algn la cabeza con algo ( fam); to fill sb's head with sth
    calentarse la cabeza ( fam); to get worked up ( colloq)
    como malo de la cabeza ( fam): se puso a comer como malo de la cabeza he stuffed himself silly ( colloq), he ate like there was no tomorrow ( colloq)
    cortar cabezas: en cuanto asumió el cargo entró a cortar cabezas as soon as she took up her post, heads started to roll
    darle por la cabeza a algn ( RPl); to criticize sb, knock sb ( colloq)
    esconder la cabeza ( Chi fam); to make oneself scarce
    ir con la cabeza alta to hold one's head high
    írsele a algn la cabeza: se me va la cabeza I feel dizzy
    jugarse la cabeza ( RPl fam): seguro que llega tarde, me juego la cabeza you can bet your life o your bottom dollar she'll be late ( colloq)
    levantar cabeza ( fam); to get back on one's feet
    aún tienen muchas deudas pero ya levantarán cabeza they've still got a lot of debts but they'll pull through o pick themselves up o get back on their feet
    la selección no levanta cabeza the national team can't get out of its rut
    levantar la cabeza: ha estado estudiando todo el día sin levantar la cabeza she's had her head buried in her work all day
    ¡si tu padre levantara la cabeza! your father would turn in his grave!, if your father was alive today … !
    meterse de cabeza en algo ( fam); to throw oneself into sth
    no caberle a algn en la cabeza ( fam): no me cabe en la cabeza que te guste vivir aquí I just can't understand how you like living here
    ¡en qué cabeza cabe meter un plato de plástico en el horno! who'd be stupid enough to put a plastic plate in the oven?
    perder la cabeza: tranquilidad, no perdamos la cabeza keep calm, let's not panic o lose our heads
    ¿has perdido la cabeza? have you gone crazy?, are you out of your mind?
    perdió la cabeza por esa mujer he lost his head over that woman
    romperse or ( Andes) quebrarse la cabeza ( fam) (preocuparse) to rack one's brains; (lastimarse) to break one's neck ( colloq)
    sentar (la) cabeza ( fam); to settle down
    ser duro de cabeza ( fam); to be stupid
    subírsele a algn a la cabeza: el vino/éxito se le ha subido a la cabeza the wine/her success has gone to her head
    tener la cabeza como un bombo ( fam): tengo la cabeza como un bombo (me duele) I have o I've got a splitting headache! ( colloq), my head feels ready o ( BrE) fit to burst ( colloq) (estoy confundido) my head's spinning, my head feels ready o ( BrE) fit to burst ( colloq)
    tener la cabeza como un colador to have a head like a sieve
    tener la cabeza en su sitio or bien puesta or sobre los hombros ( fam); to have one's head screwed on tight ( AmE colloq), to have one's head screwed on ( BrE colloq)
    tener la cabeza llena de pájaros ( fam); to have one's head in the clouds, be living in a fantasy world, be living in cloud-cuckoo-land
    traer or llevar a algn de cabeza ( fam); to drive sb crazy ( colloq)
    trae a los hombres de cabeza she drives men wild o crazy ( colloq)
    más vale ser cabeza de ratón que cola de león it's better to be a big fish in a small pond than a small fish in a big pond
    nadie escarmienta en cabeza ajena people only learn from their own mistakes, you have to make your own mistakes
    Compuestos:
    masculine and feminine ( fam) scatterbrain ( colloq)
    headcheese ( AmE), brawn ( BrE)
    masculine and feminine ( Ven fam) clumsy idiot ( colloq)
    feminine ( Chi fam): salió con su cabeza de pescado he made a silly remark
    hablaban cabezas de pescado they were talking a load of nonsense ( colloq)
    masculine and feminine ( Chi fam) scatterbrain ( colloq)
    A
    masculine and feminine ( fam): es un cabeza dura he's so stubborn o ( colloq) pigheaded
    B adjective pigheaded ( colloq), stubborn
    masculine and feminine ( fam) scatterbrain ( colloq)
    B
    1
    (individuo): por cabeza each, a head
    pagamos $50 por cabeza we paid $50 a head o each
    tienen más de 600 cabezas (de ganado) they have more than 600 head of cattle
    C
    (primer lugar, delantera): se hizo con la cabeza she got to the front, she went into the lead
    a la or en cabeza: estamos a la cabeza de las empresas del sector we are the leading company in this sector
    se colocaron a la cabeza de los otros partidos en los sondeos they took the lead over the other parties in the opinion polls
    iban a la cabeza de la manifestación they were at the front o head of the demonstration, they were leading o heading the demonstration
    el equipo va en cabeza de la clasificación the team is at the top of o leads the division
    Compuestos:
    masculine and feminine leader, lead climber
    masculine and feminine head of the family
    masculine head of the Church
    feminine beachhead
    feminine bridgehead
    derrotó a Guillén, cabeza de serie número cuatro he beat Guillén, seeded number four o the fourth seed o the number four seed
    D
    1 (de un alfiler, un clavo, una cerilla) head
    2 (de un misil) warhead
    Compuestos:
    atomic warhead
    cabeza de biela or émbolo
    main bearing, big end ( BrE)
    warhead
    nuclear warhead
    E ( Audio, Vídeo) head
    Compuestos:
    write head
    recording head
    playback head
    playback head
    F (de plátanos) hand, bunch
    Compuesto:
    bulb of garlic
    G (de un camión) tractor unit
    * * *

     

    cabeza sustantivo femenino
    1
    a) (Anat) head;

    de la cabeza a los pies from head to toe o foot;

    me duele la cabeza I've got a headache;
    marcó de cabeza he scored with a header;
    pararse en la or de cabeza (AmL) to do a headstand;
    cabeza rapada skinhead
    b) ( medida) head;


    c) ( pelo) hair;




    ¡qué poca cabeza! have you/has he no sense?
    e) ( mente):

    ¡que cabeza la mía! what a memory!;

    tú estás mal de la cabeza you're out of your mind;
    se me ha ido de la cabeza it's gone right out of my head;
    se le ha metido en la cabeza que … she's got it into her head that …;
    no se me pasó por la cabeza it didn't cross my mind;
    cabeza de chorlito sustantivo masculino y femenino (fam) scatterbrain (colloq);
    írsele a algn la cabeza to feel dizzy;
    levantar cabeza (fam) ( superar problemas) to get back on one's feet;
    perder la cabeza: no perdamos la cabeza let's not panic o lose our heads;
    perdió la cabeza por esa mujer he lost his head over that woman;
    quitarle a algn algo de la cabeza to get sth out of sb's head;
    romperse la cabeza (fam) ( preocuparse) to rack one's brains;

    ( lastimarse) to break one's neck (colloq);

    tener la cabeza llena de pájaros (fam) to have one's head in the clouds
    2
    a) ( individuo):




    3 (primer lugar, delantera):

    a la cabeza de la manifestación at the front o head of the demonstration;
    el equipo va en cabeza de la clasificación the team is at the top of the division;
    cabeza de familia head of the family;
    cabeza de serie seed
    4
    a) (de alfiler, clavo, fósforo) head


    5 (Audio, Video) head
    6 ( de plátanos) hand, bunch;

    cabeza sustantivo femenino
    1 head: le dolía la cabeza, she had a headache
    2 (sentido común) sense
    3 (mente) mind, head: no se me pasó por la cabeza it didn't even occur to me
    no puedo quitármelo de la cabeza, I can't get it out of my mind
    me vino a la cabeza la idea, the idea sprang to my mind
    4 (habilidad) no tiene cabeza para los negocios, he hasn't got a good head for business
    5 (cabellera) hair: se lavó la cabeza, he washed his hair
    6 (responsable, líder) es la cabeza pensante de la banda, he's the brains behind the gang
    la cabeza de la Iglesia Anglicana, the head of the Anglican Church
    cabeza de familia, head of the family 7 cabeza de ajo, bulb of garlic
    8 familiar cabeza de chorlito, scatterbrain, featherhead
    cabeza dura, stubborn o obstinate person
    cabeza de turco, scapegoat
    cabeza rapada, skinhead
    Dep cabeza de serie, heat, seed: jugará contra el cabeza de serie número 2, she's going to play against the second seed
    9 cabeza de ganado, head of cattle
    ♦ Locuciones: a la cabeza de, at the front o top of
    con la cabeza alta, with one's head held high: puedes decirlo con la cabeza bien alta, you can say it with your head held high
    de cabeza, (de lleno) completely
    (en natación) se tiró de cabeza a la piscina, he dived headfirst into the pool
    Dep metió un gol de cabeza, he headed a goal
    en cabeza, in the lead
    estar mal/tocado de la cabeza, to be a mental case
    perder la cabeza, to lose one's temper
    rodar cabezas: si baja la cotización, van a rodar cabezas, if the share price goes down heads will roll
    romperse la cabeza, to rack one's brains
    traer a alguien de cabeza, to drive sb mad
    por cabeza, per person: debemos poner cinco mil pesetas por cabeza, we should charge five thousand pesetas per head
    sentar la cabeza: ya tienes edad de sentar la cabeza, it's about time you settled down
    ' cabeza' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acéfala
    - acéfalo
    - ajo
    - asentir
    - bajar
    - brecha
    - cabecear
    - caber
    - cabezazo
    - cabezón
    - cabezona
    - cabezudo
    - calentar
    - calentarse
    - cantidad
    - casco
    - chorlito
    - coco
    - dar
    - descolgarse
    - descontar
    - desgraciada
    - desgraciado
    - entrar
    - escalabrar
    - escarmentar
    - gacha
    - gacho
    - girar
    - hueca
    - hueco
    - inclinar
    - infernal
    - jaqueca
    - ladear
    - matar
    - melón
    - mover
    - negación
    - pájaro
    - pañuelo
    - pie
    - por
    - quebradero
    - reclinar
    - remate
    - reposar
    - romperse
    - rondar
    - sacar
    English:
    above
    - ache
    - aching
    - ahead
    - bad
    - balance
    - bang
    - bare
    - bash
    - bash in
    - bend
    - bonk
    - bow
    - bump
    - catch up
    - clear
    - cock
    - crack
    - crush
    - crushing
    - dive
    - dizzy
    - excruciating
    - giddy
    - grave
    - hair
    - hammer
    - hang
    - head
    - head-first
    - headache
    - headroom
    - hit
    - hold
    - idea
    - incline
    - keep down
    - knock
    - lead
    - lift
    - look round
    - lose
    - mind
    - monstrous
    - nod
    - nut
    - one-track
    - overhead
    - pat
    - per capita
    * * *
    nf
    1. [de persona, animal] head;
    me duele la cabeza I've got a headache;
    bajar o [m5] doblar la cabeza to bow one's head;
    de cabeza [en fútbol] with a header;
    marcó de cabeza he scored with his head o with a header, he headed a goal;
    tirarse de cabeza (al agua) to dive (into the water);
    se tiró de cabeza a la piscina she dived into the pool;
    Am
    en cabeza [sin sombrero] bareheaded;
    le lleva una cabeza a su madre she's a head taller than her mother;
    Fam
    le abrieron la cabeza de un ladrillazo they split his skull with a brick;
    lavarse la cabeza to wash one's hair;
    Fam
    alzar o [m5] levantar cabeza to get back on one's feet, to recover;
    desde que perdieron la final, no han conseguido alzar o [m5] levantar cabeza they still haven't recovered from losing the final, they still haven't managed to pick themselves up after losing the final;
    no hay manera de que alce o [m5] levante cabeza it's hard to see her recovering o getting over it;
    ¡si tu padre levantara la cabeza…! your father would turn in his grave…!;
    Fam
    calentar o [m5] hinchar la cabeza a alguien to drive sb mad;
    no te calientes más la cabeza, no hay nada que hacer stop getting worked up o Br het up about it, there's nothing we can do;
    con la cabeza (bien) alta with one's head held high;
    Fam
    la cabeza me da vueltas my head's spinning;
    darse de cabeza en la pared: se dio de cabeza en la pared por haber actuado tan torpemente she kicked herself for behaving so stupidly;
    Fam
    se me va la cabeza [me mareo] I feel dizzy;
    RP Fam
    jugarse la cabeza to be absolutely sure;
    ¿te parece que al final se van a casar? – ¡me juego la cabeza! do you think that they'll end up getting married? – you can bet on it!;
    me juego la cabeza que hoy gana Nacional I'll give you any odds Nacional wins today;
    meter la cabeza to get one's foot in the door;
    meterse de cabeza en algo to plunge into sth;
    Fam
    tengo la cabeza como un bombo my head is throbbing;
    Fam
    me estás poniendo la cabeza como un bombo con tantas preguntas estúpidas you're making my head spin o hurt with all those stupid questions;
    Fam
    rodar cabezas: si no se producen resultados, rodarán cabezas if things don't get better, heads will roll;
    Fam
    romperse o [m5] quebrarse la cabeza to Br rack o US cudgel one's brains;
    le amenazó con romperle la cabeza he threatened to smash her head in o to bash her brains in;
    sacar la cabeza [aparecer] to show one's face;
    [atreverse] to speak up; Fam
    subirse a la cabeza: se le subió a la cabeza it went to his head;
    el vino se le subió a la cabeza the wine went to her head;
    se le ha subido a la cabeza el ascenso his promotion has gone to his head;
    Fam
    tener la cabeza a pájaros o [m5] llena de pájaros to have one's head in the clouds;
    Fam Fam
    tenía la cabeza en otra parte my mind was wandering, my thoughts were elsewhere;
    Fam
    tener la cabeza en su sitio o [m5] bien puesta to have a sound head on one's shoulders, to have one's head screwed on (properly);
    volver la cabeza [negar el saludo] to turn away;
    más vale ser cabeza de ratón que cola de león it's better to reign in Hell than to serve in Heaven
    Culin cabeza de jabalí Br brawn, US headcheese
    2. [mente]
    tiene buena cabeza para los números she has a (good) head for numbers;
    Fam
    andar o [m5]estar mal de la cabeza, RP [m5] estar de la cabeza to be funny in the head;
    no me cabe en la cabeza I simply can't understand it;
    no me cabe en la cabeza que haya sido él I can't believe it was him;
    írsele a alguien de la cabeza: se me ha ido completamente de la cabeza it's gone clean out of my mind o head;
    no consigo que el accidente se me vaya de la cabeza I can't get the accident out of my mind;
    meter algo en la cabeza a alguien to get sth into sb's head;
    métete en la cabeza que no vas a poder ir get it into your head that you're not going to be able to go;
    se le ha metido en la cabeza que… he has got it into his head that…;
    se me pasó por la cabeza it crossed my mind;
    venir a la cabeza to come to mind;
    ahora no me viene a la cabeza I can't think of it right now;
    me he olvidado, ¡qué mala cabeza tengo! how silly of me to forget!
    tener mucha cabeza to have brains
    3. [juicio] sense;
    tener poca cabeza to have no sense;
    obrar con cabeza to use one's head;
    tener mala cabeza to act foolishly;
    perder la cabeza to lose one's head;
    Pedro ha perdido la cabeza por esa chica Pedro has lost his head over that girl;
    ¿has perdido la cabeza o qué? are you out of your mind?
    4. [posición] front, head;
    cabeza abajo upside down;
    cabeza arriba the right way up;
    a la o [m5] en cabeza [en competición] in front, in the lead;
    [en lista] at the top o head;
    el equipo francés está a la cabeza de la clasificación the French team is top of the league;
    está situado en (la) cabeza del pelotón he's at the front of the pack, he's amongst the leaders of the pack;
    a la cabeza de [delante de] at the head of;
    [al cargo de] in charge of;
    estar a la cabeza de la empresa to run the company;
    Juan está a la cabeza de la expedición Juan is the leader of the expedition;
    la cabeza visible del movimiento the public face of the movement
    cabeza de mina coalface; Mil cabeza de playa beachhead; Mil & Fig cabeza de puente bridgehead;
    5. [de clavo, alfiler, fémur, cometa] head
    cabeza de ajo head of garlic;
    cabeza atómica nuclear warhead;
    Aut cabeza de biela big end; Informát & TV cabeza de borrado erase head;
    cabeza buscadora [en misil] homing device;
    cabeza grabadora [en vídeo, casete] recording head;
    cabeza lectora [en vídeo, casete] (read) head;
    Informát cabeza lectora-grabadora read-write head;
    cabeza magnética magnetic head;
    cabeza nuclear nuclear warhead;
    cabeza reproductora [en vídeo, casete] (playback) head
    6. [animal cuadrúpedo]
    cabeza (de ganado) head (of cattle)
    7.
    por cabeza [persona] per head;
    costará 500 por cabeza it will cost 500 per head;
    pagamos diez euros por cabeza we paid ten euros each
    8. [población] cabeza de partido Br ≈ county town, US ≈ county seat
    9. Comp
    Esp Fam
    andar o [m5] ir de cabeza [muy atareado] to be snowed under;
    esta semana voy de cabeza y no he tenido tiempo de llamar a nadie I'm really snowed under this week and I haven't had time to call anyone;
    Esp
    escarmentar en cabeza ajena to learn from another's mistakes;
    RP
    darle por la cabeza a alguien to really lay o slang into sb;
    Fam
    ir de cabeza a to head straight for;
    Esp Fam
    ir de cabeza con alguien [enamorado] to be head over heels in love with sb;
    Esp Fam
    llevar a alguien de cabeza: los hijos la llevan de cabeza the children drive her up the wall;
    Fam
    sentar la cabeza to settle down;
    Fam
    (estar) tocado de la cabeza (to be) touched;
    Esp Fam
    traer de cabeza a alguien to drive sb mad
    nmf
    Fam cabeza de chorlito [despistado] scatterbrain; [estúpido] airhead; Fam cabeza cuadrada:
    es un cabeza cuadrada he's got his ideas and he won't listen to anyone else;
    Fam cabeza dura:
    es un cabeza dura he's got his ideas and he won't listen to anyone else;
    cabeza de familia head of the family;
    Fam cabeza hueca airhead; Pol cabeza de lista = person who heads a party's list of candidates;
    va como cabeza de lista por Salamanca he's the head of the party list for Salamanca;
    Fam cabeza loca airhead; RP cabeza de novia airhead;
    cabeza pensante: [m5] las cabezas pensantes de la derecha venezolana the policy-makers of the Venezuelan right;
    las cabezas pensantes de la organización the brains behind the organization;
    cabeza rapada skinhead;
    Dep cabeza de serie seed;
    el primer cabeza de serie se enfrenta al segundo the top o number one seed will play the second o number two seed;
    cabeza de turco scapegoat
    * * *
    I f
    1 ANAT head;
    no estar bien de la cabeza fam not be right in the head fam ;
    írsele la cabeza feel giddy o dizzy;
    con la cabeza alta with one’s head held high;
    subírsele a alguien a la cabeza fig go to s.o.’s head;
    llevarse las manos a la cabeza fig throw one’s hands up (in the air);
    ir de cabeza be snowed under;
    sentar la cabeza settle down;
    no levantar cabeza fig be knocked sideways;
    tras la derrota, el equipo no consiguió levantar cabeza the team was knocked sideways by the defeat
    2 ( razón)
    :
    perder la cabeza fig lose one’s head;
    traer a alguien de cabeza drive s.o. crazy;
    3 ( memoria)
    :
    tener mala cabeza have a bad memory
    :
    se me viene a la cabeza … it occurs to me …;
    meterse algo en la cabeza get sth into one’s head;
    quitarse algo de la cabeza get sth out of one’s head;
    calentarle la cabeza a alguien fig fill s.o.’s head with ideas;
    calentarse la cabeza get worked up;
    mantener la cabeza fría keep a cool head;
    romperse la cabeza fig rack one’s brains
    5 ( persona)
    :
    por cabeza per head, per person
    6
    :
    en cabeza the team at the top;
    estar a la cabeza be out in front, be the leader
    II m/f de familia, grupo head
    * * *
    cabeza nf
    1) : head
    2)
    cabeza hueca : scatterbrain
    3)
    de cabeza : head first
    4)
    dolor de cabeza : headache
    * * *
    1. (en general) head
    2. (seso) intelligence
    3. (memoria) memory
    ir a la cabeza / ir en cabeza to be at the top / to lead [pt. & pp. led]
    perder la cabeza to lose your head [pt. & pp. lost]
    de cabeza headlong / headfirst
    por cabeza a head / per head

    Spanish-English dictionary > cabeza

  • 7 parte

    f.
    1 part.
    repartir algo a partes iguales to share something out equally
    en parte to a certain extent, partly
    por mi/tu parte for my/your part
    por partes bit by bit
    2 part (place).
    en alguna parte somewhere
    en otra parte elsewhere, somewhere else
    no lo veo por ninguna parte I can't find it anywhere
    ¿de qué parte de España es? what part of Spain is he from?, whereabouts in Spain is he from?
    3 side (bando, lado).
    estar/ponerse de parte de alguien to be on/to take somebody's side
    por parte de padre/madre on one's father's/mother's side
    por una parte… por otra… on the one hand… on the other (hand)…
    por otra parte what is more, besides (además)
    tener a alguien de parte de uno to have somebody on one's side
    4 (spare) part, spare (repuesto). (Mexican Spanish)
    5 party, side.
    6 region, place.
    7 communication, communiqué, message, notice.
    m.
    report.
    dar parte (a alguien de algo) to report (something to somebody)
    parte facultativo o médico medical report
    parte meteorológico weather report
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: partir.
    imperat.
    2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: partir.
    * * *
    1 (gen) part; (en una partición) portion
    2 (en negocio) share
    3 (lugar) place
    5 DERECHO party
    1 (comunicado) official report
    1 familiar privates, private parts
    \
    dar parte to report
    de parte de on behalf of, from
    ¿de parte de quien? who's calling please?
    en parte partly
    estar de parte de to support
    formar parte de to be part of
    llevar la mejor/peor parte to have the best/worst of it
    no llevar a ninguna parte not to lead anywhere
    por todas partes everywhere
    por una parte,... por otra... on the one hand..., on the other hand...
    tomar parte to take sides
    tomar parte en algo to take part in something
    vamos/vayamos por partes one step at a time
    parte de la oración part of speech
    parte médico medical report
    parte meteorológico weather report
    partes pudendas private parts
    partes vergonzosas private parts
    * * *
    1. noun m.
    report, dispatch
    2. noun f.
    1) part
    3) side, party
    5) role
    - parte delantera
    - parte trasera
    * * *
    I
    SM
    1) (=informe) report

    parte de baja (laboral)[por enfermedad] doctor's note; [por cese] certificate of leaving employment, P45

    parte facultativo, parte médico — medical report, medical bulletin

    parte meteorológico — weather forecast, weather report

    2) (Mil) dispatch, communiqué

    parte de guerra — military communiqué, war report

    3) (Radio) news bulletin
    4) Cono Sur [de boda] wedding invitation; (Aut) speeding ticket
    II
    SF
    1) (=sección) part

    ¿en qué parte del libro te has quedado? — where are you in the book?, which bit of the book are you on at the moment?

    la parte de abajothe bottom

    la parte de arribathe top

    la parte de atrásthe back

    la cuarta parte — a quarter

    la parte delanterathe front

    ser parte esencial de algo — to be an essential part of sth

    la mayor parte de algo, pasé la mayor parte del tiempo leyendo — I spent most of the time reading

    -¿os queda dinero? -sí, aunque ya hemos gastado la mayor parte — "do you have any money left?" - "yes, though we've spent most of it"

    la tercera parte — a third

    2) [en locuciones]

    de parte de, llamo de parte de Juan — I'm calling on behalf of Juan

    ¿de parte de quién? — [al teléfono] who's calling?

    en parte — partly, in part

    se debe en parte a su falta de experiencia — it's partly due to his lack of experience, it's due in part to his lack of experience

    formar parte de algo, ¿cuándo entró a formar parte de la organización? — when did she join the organization?

    en gran parte — to a large extent

    por otra parte — on the other hand

    por una parte... por otra (parte) — on the one hand,... on the other

    por parte de — on the part of

    yo por mi parte, no estoy de acuerdo — I, for my part, disagree

    ¡ vayamos por partes! — let's take it one step at a time!

    3) (=participación) share

    a partes igualesin equal shares

    ir a la parte — to go shares

    tener parte en algo — to share in sth

    tomar parte (en algo) — to take part (in sth)

    ¿cuántos corredores tomarán parte en la prueba? — how many runners will take part in the race?

    partir
    4) (=lugar) part

    ¿de qué parte de Inglaterra eres? — what part of England are you from?

    ¿en qué parte de la ciudad vives? — where o whereabouts in the city do you live?

    en alguna parte — somewhere

    en cualquier parte — anywhere

    en ninguna parte — nowhere

    por ahí no se va a ninguna parte — (lit) that way doesn't lead anywhere; (fig) that will get us nowhere

    ir a otra parte — to go somewhere else

    en o por todas partes — everywhere

    en salva sea la parte Esp euf (=trasero)

    haba
    5) (=bando) side

    estar de parte de algn — to be on sb's side

    ¿de parte de quién estás tú? — whose side are you on?

    ponerse de parte de algn — to side with sb, take sb's side

    6) [indicando parentesco] side
    7) (Dep) [en partido] half

    primera parte — first half

    segunda parte — second half

    8) (Teat) part
    9) (Jur) [en contrato] party
    10) pl partes euf (=genitales) private parts euf, privates euf

    partes íntimas, partes pudendas — private parts

    11) pl partes (=cualidades) parts, qualities, talents
    12) Méx spare part
    * * *
    I
    1) (informe, comunicación) report

    dar parte de un incidente particular to report an incident; autoridad to file a report about an incident

    2) (Andes) ( multa) ticket (colloq), fine

    me pasaron or me pusieron un parte — I got a ticket o a fine

    II
    1)
    a) (porción, fracción) part

    pasa la mayor or gran parte del tiempo al teléfono — she spends most of her o the time on the phone

    esto se debe en gran parte a... — this is largely due to...

    b) ( de lugar) part

    ¿de qué parte de México eres? — what part of Mexico are you from?

    es, en buena parte, culpa suya — it is, to a large o great extent, his own fault

    muy amable de su parte — (that is/was) very kind of you

    ¿de parte de quién? — ( por teléfono) who's calling?, who shall I say is calling? (frml)

    ¿tú de parte de quién estás? — whose side are you on?

    formar parte de algopieza/sección to be part of something; persona/país to belong to something

    por mi/tu/su parte — for my/your/his part

    yo, por mi parte... — I, for my part... (frml), as far as I'm concerned...

    por parte de: fue un error por parte nuestra/de la compañía it was a mistake on our part/on the part of the company; por parte de or del padre on his father's side; por partes: revisémoslo por partes let's go over it section by section; vayamos por partes let's take it step by step; por otra parte ( además) anyway, in any case; ( por otro lado) however, on the other hand; salva sea la parte — (euf & hum) rear (colloq & euph)

    3) ( participación) part
    4) ( lugar)

    ¿adónde vas? - a ninguna parte — where are you going? - nowhere

    a/en todas partes — everywhere

    5) (en negociación, contrato, juicio) party

    la parte demandante — the plaintiff/plaintiffs

    6) (Teatr) part, role

    mandarse la(s) parte(s) (CS) — (fam) to show off

    7) (Méx) ( repuesto) part, spare (part)
    8) partes femenino plural (euf) ( genitales) private parts (pl) (euph)
    * * *
    = body, end, part, part, party, piece, portion, quarter, section, segment, sequence, share, report.
    Nota: Documento que presenta el resultado de las actividades de un individuo o una organización.
    Ex. The main body of criticism centred upon the treatment of nonbook materials.
    Ex. Scanning must start to the left of the bar codes and must continue past the right end.
    Ex. Parts of the abstract are written in the informative style, whilst those points which are of less significance are treated indicatively.
    Ex. A part is one of the subordinate units into which an item has been divided by the author, publisher, or manufacturer.
    Ex. Enter a brief, plea, or other formal record of one party to a case under the heading for that party.
    Ex. Within one main class the same piece of notation may be used to signify different concepts.
    Ex. An extract is one o more portions of a document selected to represent the whole document.
    Ex. A reappraisal is therefore outlined here with the understanding that it is open to rebuttal and challenge from whatever quarter.
    Ex. Plainly such representative sections may not be present in many documents, but sometimes an extract from the results, conclusions or recommendations of a document may serve to identify the key issues covered by the entire document.
    Ex. No such constraints exist where online display is anticipated, since only one segment at a time is displayed.
    Ex. A classified catalogue is a catalogue with three or four separate sequences: an author/title catalogue or index (or separate author and title catalogues), a classified subject catalogue, and a subject index to the classified catalogue.
    Ex. The clicker paid each man according to what he had set, keeping for himself a share equal to that of the most productive hand.
    Ex. The report introduced a range of ideas which have influenced subsequent code construction.
    ----
    * a alguna parte = someplace.
    * abordar una mínima parte del asunto = touch + the tip of the iceberg.
    * ambas partes del argumento = both sides of the fence.
    * a partes iguales = share and share alike, in equal measure(s).
    * buscar por todas partes = scour + Nombre + for.
    * dar parte de = report.
    * de algún tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.
    * de la parte superior = topmost [top most].
    * de otras partes = further afield.
    * de parte de = on behalf of [in behalf of; on + Nombre + behalf], in + Nombre + behalf [in/on behalf of].
    * de parte de otro = on behalf of someone else.
    * de todas las partes del mundo = from all over the world, from all over the globe, from every part of the world.
    * de todas partes = from far and wide.
    * de una parte a otra = back and forth.
    * de un tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.
    * dividir Algo en partes iguales = divide + Nombre + in equal parts.
    * dividir en partes = break into + parts.
    * dividirse en partes = fall into + parts.
    * durante la mayor parte de = for much of.
    * durante la mayor parte del año = for the best part of the year.
    * el todo es más grande que la suma de sus partes = the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
    * en alguna parte = someplace.
    * en alguna parte de + Nombre = some way down + Nombre.
    * en buena parte = for the most part.
    * en cualquier otra parte = anywhere else, everywhere else.
    * en cualquier parte = anywhere, everywhere.
    * en gran parte = largely, in large part, in large measure, for the most part, to a great extent, to a great degree.
    * en la mayor parte de = in the majority of.
    * en la parte de arriba = at the top.
    * en la parte de atrás = in the back, at the rear.
    * en la parte de delante = at the front.
    * en la parte delantera = at the front.
    * en la parte posterior = in the back.
    * en la parte superior = at the top, uppermost.
    * en la parte trasera = in the back, at the rear.
    * en ninguna parte = nowhere.
    * en otra parte = elsewhere, further afield.
    * en otras partes = further afield.
    * en parte = in part, part of the way, partial, partially, partly.
    * en parte + Nombre = part + Nombre.
    * en qué parte = whereabouts.
    * en su mayor parte = largely, mostly, for the most part.
    * en su parte central = at its core.
    * en todas partes = all around, far and wide, far and wide.
    * entrar a formar parte de = enter in.
    * entre tres partes = 3-party [three-party].
    * en varias partes = multi-part [multipart].
    * extenderse por todas partes = reach + far and wide, extend + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * formar parte = form + part.
    * formar parte de = be part of, be part of, build into, enter into, become + (a) part of, be a part of, inhere in, become + one with, inform, fall under.
    * formar parte del paisaje = blend into + the landscape.
    * formar parte de un comite = serve on + committee.
    * formar parte integral = form + an integral part.
    * formar parte integral de = be an integral part of.
    * formar parte natural de su entorno = blend into + the landscape.
    * gran parte = much.
    * gran parte de = much of.
    * hacer de + Posesivo + parte = do + Posesivo + bit.
    * la mayor parte de = the majority of, the main bulk of, the lion's share of.
    * la mayor parte de las veces = more often than not.
    * la parte de atrás de = the back of.
    * la parte más dura de = brunt of, the.
    * la parte más importante = the heart of.
    * la parte principal de = the bulk of.
    * la parte superior izquierda de = the upper left of.
    * la parte trasera de = the back of.
    * llamamiento para formar parte de un jurado = jury duty.
    * llegar a todas partes = reach + far and wide, extend + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * lo mejor de ambas partes = the best of both worlds.
    * más que la suma de sus partes = Comparativo + than the sum of its parts.
    * mínima parte = fraction.
    * no considerarse parte de = hold + Reflexivo + apart from.
    * no llevar a ninguna parte = achieve + nothing, go + nowhere.
    * numeración de las partes = numbering of parts.
    * parte afectada = stakeholder.
    * parte anterior del pie = ball of + Posesivo + foot.
    * parte azotada por el viento = windward.
    * parte de accidente = accident report.
    * parte de atrás = back, backside, rear.
    * parte delantera = fore-end.
    * parte de una obra = component part.
    * parte de una publicación = component part.
    * parte en un contrato = contracting party.
    * parte expuesta al viento = windward.
    * parte implicada = stakeholder.
    * parte inferior = bottom, underside.
    * parte inferior derecha = lower right.
    * parte integral = integral part.
    * parte integrante = integral part, fixture.
    * parte interesada = interested party, stakeholder, concerned party.
    * parte metereológico = weather forecast.
    * parte musical = part.
    * parte posterior = backside, rear.
    * parte principal del texto = meat of the text.
    * parte protegida = lee.
    * parte protegida del viento = leeward.
    * parte que falta = missing part.
    * partes = bits and pieces.
    * partes beligerantes = warring factions, warring parties.
    * partes de un conflicto = warring factions, warring parties.
    * parte segunda = revisited.
    * partes en cuestión, las = parties concerned, the.
    * partes enfrentadas = warring factions, warring parties.
    * partes implicadas, las = parties involved, the, parties concerned, the.
    * parte superior = top, topside.
    * parte trasera = back, rear.
    * parte vital = lifeblood.
    * parte Y la parte superior izquierda de = the upper left of.
    * pero por otra parte = but then again.
    * poner de + Posesivo + parte = do + Posesivo + part, do + Posesivo + share, do + Posesivo + bit.
    * ponerse de parte de = side with.
    * ponerse de parte de Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.
    * poner todo de + Posesivo + parte = give + Posesivo + best, do + Posesivo + best, give + Posesivo + utmost.
    * por otra parte = on the other hand, on the other side, on the flip side.
    * por parte de = on the part of.
    * por parte de uno = on + Posesivo + part.
    * por + Posesivo + parte = for + Posesivo + part.
    * por todas partes = all over the place, everywhere, widely, all around, far and wide.
    * por una parte = on the one hand, on the one side.
    * Posesivo + partes = Posesivo + family jewels, Posesivo + privates.
    * Posesivo + partes íntimas = Posesivo + privates, Posesivo + family jewels.
    * Posesivo + partes privadas = Posesivo + crown jewels, Posesivo + family jewels, Posesivo + privates.
    * Posesivo + partes pudendas = Posesivo + family jewels.
    * Posesivo + partes pudendas = Posesivo + privates.
    * que forma parte de la cultura = culturally-embedded.
    * que forma parte en = involved in.
    * que toma parte en = involved in.
    * relación parte/todo = whole/part relationship.
    * segunda parte = sequel, follow-up.
    * ser parte de = be part of, be a part of, fall under.
    * sinónimo en parte = near synonym.
    * subparte = subpart.
    * tenemos intereses en ambas partes = our feet are in both worlds.
    * todas las partes implicadas = all concerned.
    * tomar parte = involve, take + part, become + involved.
    * tomar parte activa = become + involved, get + active.
    * tomar parte en = join in.
    * tomar parte en el asunto = enter + the fray.
    * tomar parte en en el asunto = be part of the picture.
    * una buena parte de = a large measure of, a good deal of, a great deal of.
    * una cuarta parte = one-quarter (1/4), one in four.
    * una cuarta parte de = a fourth of.
    * una décima parte = one tenth [one-tenth], one in ten.
    * una gran parte de = a broad population of, a lion's share of.
    * una octava parte = one in eight.
    * una parte de = a share of, a snatch of.
    * una quinta parte = one-fifth [one fifth], one in five.
    * una quinta parte de = a fifth of.
    * una tercera parte = one third (1/3), one in three.
    * * *
    I
    1) (informe, comunicación) report

    dar parte de un incidente particular to report an incident; autoridad to file a report about an incident

    2) (Andes) ( multa) ticket (colloq), fine

    me pasaron or me pusieron un parte — I got a ticket o a fine

    II
    1)
    a) (porción, fracción) part

    pasa la mayor or gran parte del tiempo al teléfono — she spends most of her o the time on the phone

    esto se debe en gran parte a... — this is largely due to...

    b) ( de lugar) part

    ¿de qué parte de México eres? — what part of Mexico are you from?

    es, en buena parte, culpa suya — it is, to a large o great extent, his own fault

    muy amable de su parte — (that is/was) very kind of you

    ¿de parte de quién? — ( por teléfono) who's calling?, who shall I say is calling? (frml)

    ¿tú de parte de quién estás? — whose side are you on?

    formar parte de algopieza/sección to be part of something; persona/país to belong to something

    por mi/tu/su parte — for my/your/his part

    yo, por mi parte... — I, for my part... (frml), as far as I'm concerned...

    por parte de: fue un error por parte nuestra/de la compañía it was a mistake on our part/on the part of the company; por parte de or del padre on his father's side; por partes: revisémoslo por partes let's go over it section by section; vayamos por partes let's take it step by step; por otra parte ( además) anyway, in any case; ( por otro lado) however, on the other hand; salva sea la parte — (euf & hum) rear (colloq & euph)

    3) ( participación) part
    4) ( lugar)

    ¿adónde vas? - a ninguna parte — where are you going? - nowhere

    a/en todas partes — everywhere

    5) (en negociación, contrato, juicio) party

    la parte demandante — the plaintiff/plaintiffs

    6) (Teatr) part, role

    mandarse la(s) parte(s) (CS) — (fam) to show off

    7) (Méx) ( repuesto) part, spare (part)
    8) partes femenino plural (euf) ( genitales) private parts (pl) (euph)
    * * *
    = body, end, part, part, party, piece, portion, quarter, section, segment, sequence, share, report.
    Nota: Documento que presenta el resultado de las actividades de un individuo o una organización.

    Ex: The main body of criticism centred upon the treatment of nonbook materials.

    Ex: Scanning must start to the left of the bar codes and must continue past the right end.
    Ex: Parts of the abstract are written in the informative style, whilst those points which are of less significance are treated indicatively.
    Ex: A part is one of the subordinate units into which an item has been divided by the author, publisher, or manufacturer.
    Ex: Enter a brief, plea, or other formal record of one party to a case under the heading for that party.
    Ex: Within one main class the same piece of notation may be used to signify different concepts.
    Ex: An extract is one o more portions of a document selected to represent the whole document.
    Ex: A reappraisal is therefore outlined here with the understanding that it is open to rebuttal and challenge from whatever quarter.
    Ex: Plainly such representative sections may not be present in many documents, but sometimes an extract from the results, conclusions or recommendations of a document may serve to identify the key issues covered by the entire document.
    Ex: No such constraints exist where online display is anticipated, since only one segment at a time is displayed.
    Ex: A classified catalogue is a catalogue with three or four separate sequences: an author/title catalogue or index (or separate author and title catalogues), a classified subject catalogue, and a subject index to the classified catalogue.
    Ex: The clicker paid each man according to what he had set, keeping for himself a share equal to that of the most productive hand.
    Ex: The report introduced a range of ideas which have influenced subsequent code construction.
    * a alguna parte = someplace.
    * abordar una mínima parte del asunto = touch + the tip of the iceberg.
    * ambas partes del argumento = both sides of the fence.
    * a partes iguales = share and share alike, in equal measure(s).
    * buscar por todas partes = scour + Nombre + for.
    * dar parte de = report.
    * de algún tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.
    * de la parte superior = topmost [top most].
    * de otras partes = further afield.
    * de parte de = on behalf of [in behalf of; on + Nombre + behalf], in + Nombre + behalf [in/on behalf of].
    * de parte de otro = on behalf of someone else.
    * de todas las partes del mundo = from all over the world, from all over the globe, from every part of the world.
    * de todas partes = from far and wide.
    * de una parte a otra = back and forth.
    * de un tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.
    * dividir Algo en partes iguales = divide + Nombre + in equal parts.
    * dividir en partes = break into + parts.
    * dividirse en partes = fall into + parts.
    * durante la mayor parte de = for much of.
    * durante la mayor parte del año = for the best part of the year.
    * el todo es más grande que la suma de sus partes = the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
    * en alguna parte = someplace.
    * en alguna parte de + Nombre = some way down + Nombre.
    * en buena parte = for the most part.
    * en cualquier otra parte = anywhere else, everywhere else.
    * en cualquier parte = anywhere, everywhere.
    * en gran parte = largely, in large part, in large measure, for the most part, to a great extent, to a great degree.
    * en la mayor parte de = in the majority of.
    * en la parte de arriba = at the top.
    * en la parte de atrás = in the back, at the rear.
    * en la parte de delante = at the front.
    * en la parte delantera = at the front.
    * en la parte posterior = in the back.
    * en la parte superior = at the top, uppermost.
    * en la parte trasera = in the back, at the rear.
    * en ninguna parte = nowhere.
    * en otra parte = elsewhere, further afield.
    * en otras partes = further afield.
    * en parte = in part, part of the way, partial, partially, partly.
    * en parte + Nombre = part + Nombre.
    * en qué parte = whereabouts.
    * en su mayor parte = largely, mostly, for the most part.
    * en su parte central = at its core.
    * en todas partes = all around, far and wide, far and wide.
    * entrar a formar parte de = enter in.
    * entre tres partes = 3-party [three-party].
    * en varias partes = multi-part [multipart].
    * extenderse por todas partes = reach + far and wide, extend + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * formar parte = form + part.
    * formar parte de = be part of, be part of, build into, enter into, become + (a) part of, be a part of, inhere in, become + one with, inform, fall under.
    * formar parte del paisaje = blend into + the landscape.
    * formar parte de un comite = serve on + committee.
    * formar parte integral = form + an integral part.
    * formar parte integral de = be an integral part of.
    * formar parte natural de su entorno = blend into + the landscape.
    * gran parte = much.
    * gran parte de = much of.
    * hacer de + Posesivo + parte = do + Posesivo + bit.
    * la mayor parte de = the majority of, the main bulk of, the lion's share of.
    * la mayor parte de las veces = more often than not.
    * la parte de atrás de = the back of.
    * la parte más dura de = brunt of, the.
    * la parte más importante = the heart of.
    * la parte principal de = the bulk of.
    * la parte superior izquierda de = the upper left of.
    * la parte trasera de = the back of.
    * llamamiento para formar parte de un jurado = jury duty.
    * llegar a todas partes = reach + far and wide, extend + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * lo mejor de ambas partes = the best of both worlds.
    * más que la suma de sus partes = Comparativo + than the sum of its parts.
    * mínima parte = fraction.
    * no considerarse parte de = hold + Reflexivo + apart from.
    * no llevar a ninguna parte = achieve + nothing, go + nowhere.
    * numeración de las partes = numbering of parts.
    * parte afectada = stakeholder.
    * parte anterior del pie = ball of + Posesivo + foot.
    * parte azotada por el viento = windward.
    * parte de accidente = accident report.
    * parte de atrás = back, backside, rear.
    * parte delantera = fore-end.
    * parte de una obra = component part.
    * parte de una publicación = component part.
    * parte en un contrato = contracting party.
    * parte expuesta al viento = windward.
    * parte implicada = stakeholder.
    * parte inferior = bottom, underside.
    * parte inferior derecha = lower right.
    * parte integral = integral part.
    * parte integrante = integral part, fixture.
    * parte interesada = interested party, stakeholder, concerned party.
    * parte metereológico = weather forecast.
    * parte musical = part.
    * parte posterior = backside, rear.
    * parte principal del texto = meat of the text.
    * parte protegida = lee.
    * parte protegida del viento = leeward.
    * parte que falta = missing part.
    * partes = bits and pieces.
    * partes beligerantes = warring factions, warring parties.
    * partes de un conflicto = warring factions, warring parties.
    * parte segunda = revisited.
    * partes en cuestión, las = parties concerned, the.
    * partes enfrentadas = warring factions, warring parties.
    * partes implicadas, las = parties involved, the, parties concerned, the.
    * parte superior = top, topside.
    * parte trasera = back, rear.
    * parte vital = lifeblood.
    * parte Y la parte superior izquierda de = the upper left of.
    * pero por otra parte = but then again.
    * poner de + Posesivo + parte = do + Posesivo + part, do + Posesivo + share, do + Posesivo + bit.
    * ponerse de parte de = side with.
    * ponerse de parte de Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.
    * poner todo de + Posesivo + parte = give + Posesivo + best, do + Posesivo + best, give + Posesivo + utmost.
    * por otra parte = on the other hand, on the other side, on the flip side.
    * por parte de = on the part of.
    * por parte de uno = on + Posesivo + part.
    * por + Posesivo + parte = for + Posesivo + part.
    * por todas partes = all over the place, everywhere, widely, all around, far and wide.
    * por una parte = on the one hand, on the one side.
    * Posesivo + partes = Posesivo + family jewels, Posesivo + privates.
    * Posesivo + partes íntimas = Posesivo + privates, Posesivo + family jewels.
    * Posesivo + partes privadas = Posesivo + crown jewels, Posesivo + family jewels, Posesivo + privates.
    * Posesivo + partes pudendas = Posesivo + family jewels.
    * Posesivo + partes pudendas = Posesivo + privates.
    * que forma parte de la cultura = culturally-embedded.
    * que forma parte en = involved in.
    * que toma parte en = involved in.
    * relación parte/todo = whole/part relationship.
    * segunda parte = sequel, follow-up.
    * ser parte de = be part of, be a part of, fall under.
    * sinónimo en parte = near synonym.
    * subparte = subpart.
    * tenemos intereses en ambas partes = our feet are in both worlds.
    * todas las partes implicadas = all concerned.
    * tomar parte = involve, take + part, become + involved.
    * tomar parte activa = become + involved, get + active.
    * tomar parte en = join in.
    * tomar parte en el asunto = enter + the fray.
    * tomar parte en en el asunto = be part of the picture.
    * una buena parte de = a large measure of, a good deal of, a great deal of.
    * una cuarta parte = one-quarter (1/4), one in four.
    * una cuarta parte de = a fourth of.
    * una décima parte = one tenth [one-tenth], one in ten.
    * una gran parte de = a broad population of, a lion's share of.
    * una octava parte = one in eight.
    * una parte de = a share of, a snatch of.
    * una quinta parte = one-fifth [one fifth], one in five.
    * una quinta parte de = a fifth of.
    * una tercera parte = one third (1/3), one in three.

    * * *
    A (informe, comunicación) report
    me veo obligado a dar parte de este incidente I shall have to report this incident o file a report about this incident
    dio parte de sin novedad ( Mil) he reported that all was well
    Compuestos:
    death certificate
    dispatch
    medical report o bulletin
    medical report o bulletin
    weather report
    B ( Andes) (multa) ticket ( colloq), fine
    me pasaron or sacaron or pusieron un parte I got a ticket o a fine
    A
    1 (porción, fracción) part
    divídelo en tres partes iguales divide it into three equal parts
    una sexta parte de los beneficios a sixth of the profits
    entre 180 y 300 partes por millón between 180 and 300 parts per million
    parte de lo recaudado part of the money collected
    destruyó la mayor parte de la cosecha it destroyed most of the harvest
    la mayor parte del tiempo most of her/your/the time
    la mayor parte de los participantes the majority of o most of the participants
    su parte de la herencia his share of the inheritance
    tenemos nuestra parte de responsabilidad en el asunto we have to accept part of o a certain amount of responsibility in this affair
    por fin me siento parte integrante del equipo I finally feel I'm a full member of the team
    forma parte integral del libro it is an integral part of the book
    la parte antigua de la ciudad the old part of the city
    soy español — ¿de qué parte (de España)? I'm Spanish — which part (of Spain) are you from?
    en la parte de atrás de la casa at the back of the house
    atravesamos la ciudad de parte a parte we crossed from one side of the city to the other
    Compuestos:
    part of speech
    lion's share
    B ( en locs):
    en parte partly
    en parte es culpa tuya it's partly your fault
    esto se debe, en gran parte, al aumento de la demanda this is largely due to the increase in demand
    es, en buena parte, culpa suya it is, to a large o great extent, his own fault
    de un tiempo a esta parte for some time now
    de cinco meses a esta parte la situación se ha venido deteriorando the situation has been deteriorating these past five months o over the past five months
    de mi/tu/su parte from me/you/him
    díselo de mi parte tell him from me
    dale saludos de parte de todos nosotros give him our best wishes o say hello from all of us
    dale recuerdos de mi parte give him my regards
    llévale esto a Pedro de mi parte take Pedro this from me
    muy amable de su parte (that is/was) very kind of you
    de parte del director que subas a verlo the director wants you to go up and see him, the director says you're to go up and see him
    ¿de parte de quién? (por teléfono) who's calling?, who shall I say is calling? ( frml)
    ¿tú de parte de quién estás? whose side are you on?
    se puso de su parte he sided with her
    yo te ayudaré, pero tú también tienes que poner de tu parte I'll help you, but you have to do your share o part o ( BrE colloq) bit
    forman parte del mecanismo de arranque they are o they form part of the starting mechanism
    forma parte de la delegación china she's a member of the Chinese delegation
    forma parte del equipo nacional she's a member of the national team, she's on ( AmE) o ( BrE) in the national team
    por mi/tu/su parte for my/your/his part
    yo, por mi parte, no tengo inconveniente I, for my part, have no objection ( frml), as far as I'm concerned, there's no problem
    por parte de on the part of
    exige un conocimiento de la materia por parte del lector it requires the reader to have some knowledge of the subject, it requires some knowledge of the subject on the part of the reader
    reclamaron una mayor atención a este problema por parte de la junta they demanded that the board pay greater attention to this problem
    su interrogatorio por parte del fiscal his questioning by the prosecutor
    por parte de or del padre on his father's side
    por partes: revisémoslo por partes let's go over it section by section
    vayamos por partes ¿cómo empezó la discusión? let's take it step by step, how did the argument start?
    por otra parte (además) anyway, in any case; (por otro lado) however, on the other hand
    salva sea la parte ( euf hum); derrière ( euph hum), sit-upon ( BrE euph hum)
    el que parte y reparte se lleva la mejor parte he who cuts the cake takes the biggest slice
    yo no tuve parte en eso I played no part in that
    no le dan parte en la toma de decisiones she isn't given any say in decision-making
    no quiso tomar parte en el debate she did not wish to take part in o to participate in the debate
    los atletas que tomaron parte en la segunda prueba the athletes who competed in o took part in o participated in the second event
    D
    (lugar): vámonos a otra parte let's go somewhere else o ( AmE) someplace else
    va a pie a todas partes she goes everywhere on foot, she walks everywhere
    se consigue en cualquier parte you can get it anywhere
    en todas partes everywhere
    tiene que estar en alguna parte it must be somewhere
    no aparece por ninguna parte I can't find it anywhere o it's nowhere to be found
    este camino no lleva a ninguna parte this path doesn't lead anywhere
    esta discusión no nos va a llevar a ninguna parte this discussion isn't going to get us anywhere
    mandar a algn a buena parte ( Chi fam euf); to tell sb to go take a running jump ( colloq), to tell sb to go to blazes ( colloq dated)
    en todas partes (se) cuecen habas it's the same the world over
    E
    1 (en negociaciones, un contrato) party
    las partes contratantes the parties to the contract
    las partes firmantes the signatories
    ambas partes están dispuestas a negociar both sides are ready to negotiate
    2 ( Der) party
    soy parte interesada I'm an interested party
    Compuesto:
    opposing party
    F ( Teatr) part, role
    mandarse la parte( RPl) or ( Chi) las partes ( fam); to show off
    G ( Méx) (repuesto) part, spare part, spare
    H partes fpl ( euf) (genitales) private parts (pl) ( euph), privates (pl) ( colloq euph)
    Compuestos:
    ( euf); private parts (pl) ( euph), pudenda (pl) ( frml)
    ( euf); private parts (pl) ( euph)
    * * *

     

    Del verbo partir: ( conjugate partir)

    parte es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    parte    
    partir
    parte sustantivo masculino
    1 (informe, comunicación) report;


    [ autoridad] to file a report about an incident;

    parte meteorológico weather report
    2 (Andes) ( multa) ticket (colloq), fine
    ■ sustantivo femenino
    1
    a) (porción, fracción) part;


    pasa la mayor parte del tiempo al teléfono she spends most of her o the time on the phone;
    la mayor parte de los participantes the majority of o most of the participants


    c) ( de lugar) part;

    ¿de qué parte de México eres? what part of Mexico are you from?;

    en la parte de atrás at the back
    2 ( en locs)

    en gran parte to a large extent, largely;
    en su mayor parte for the most part;
    de un tiempo a esta parte for some time now;
    de parte de algn on behalf of sb;
    llamo de parte de María I'm ringing on behalf of María;
    dale recuerdos de mi parte give him my regards;
    vengo de parte del señor Díaz Mr Díaz sent me;
    ¿de parte de quién? ( por teléfono) who's calling?, who shall I say is calling? (frml);
    formar parte de algo [pieza/sección] to be part of sth;

    [persona/país] to belong to sth;

    por mi/tu/su parte as far as I'm/you're/he's concerned;
    por partes: revisémoslo por partes let's go over it section by section;
    vayamos por partes let's take it step by step;
    por otra parte ( además) anyway, in any case;

    ( por otro lado) however, on the other hand;
    por una parte …, por la otra … on the one hand …, on the other …

    3 ( participación) part;

    4 ( lugar):
    vámonos a otra parte let's go somewhere else o (AmE) someplace else;

    esto no nos lleva a ninguna parte this isn't getting o leading us anywhere;
    ¿adónde vas? — a ninguna parte where are you going?nowhere;
    en cualquier parte anywhere;
    a/en/por todas partes everywhere;
    en alguna parte somewhere
    5 (en negociación, contrato, juicio) party
    6 (Teatr) part, role
    7 (Méx) ( repuesto) part, spare (part)
    partir ( conjugate partir) verbo transitivo
    a) ( con cuchillo) ‹tarta/melón to cut;


    b) ( romper) ‹piedra/coco to break, smash;

    nuez/avellana to crack;
    rama/palo to break

    cabeza to split open
    d) [ frío] ‹ labios to chap

    verbo intransitivo
    1
    a) (frml) ( marcharse) to leave, depart (frml)

    b) [ auto] (Chi) to start

    2
    a) parte DE algo ‹de una premisa/un supuesto› to start from sth

    b)


    a parte de ahora/ese momento from now on/that moment on;
    a parte de hoy (as o starting) from today
    partirse verbo pronominal
    a) [mármol/roca] to split, smash

    b) ( refl) ‹ labio to split;

    diente to break, chip
    parte
    I sustantivo femenino
    1 (porción, trozo) part: esas danzas y esos ritos forman parte de nuestra cultura, those dances and rites are part of our culture
    2 (de dinero, herencia, etc) share
    3 (lado, sitio) place, spot: lo puedes encontrar en cualquier parte, you can find it anywhere
    4 (en un enfrentamiento, discusión) side: ¿de qué parte estás?, whose side are you on?
    está de mi parte, he's on my side
    tomar parte en, to take part in: no deberíamos tomar parte en esas discusiones, we shouldn't take part in those discussions
    5 Jur party
    II sustantivo masculino
    1 (informe, comunicación) report: tienes que dar parte a la policía, you must inform the police
    parte médico/meteorológico, medical/weather report
    2 Rad Tel news
    ♦ Locuciones: de parte a parte: el espejo se rompió de parte a parte, the mirror broke in two
    de parte de..., on behalf of...
    Tel ¿de parte de quién?, who's calling?
    en gran parte, to a large extent
    en parte, partly
    por mi parte, as far as I am concerned
    por otra parte, on the other hand
    partir
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (romper, quebrar) to break: me parte el corazón verte tan desalentada, it's heartbreaking to see you so depressed
    partir una nuez, to shell a walnut
    2 (dividir) to split, divide
    (con un cuchillo) to cut
    II vi (irse) to leave, set out o off
    ♦ Locuciones: a partir de aquí/ahora, from here on/now on
    a partir de entonces no volvimos a hablarnos, we didn't speak to each other from then on
    ' parte' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abotargarse
    - accionariado
    - adherirse
    - adormecerse
    - alma
    - anterior
    - apéndice
    - arriba
    - arte
    - bajón
    - caída
    - caído
    - chimenea
    - colonizar
    - consignar
    - cuarta
    - cuarto
    - de
    - deber
    - décima
    - décimo
    - deformar
    - deformarse
    - delicadeza
    - derecha
    - derecho
    - desnuda
    - desnudo
    - distribuir
    - elemento
    - encima
    - encoger
    - episodio
    - ser
    - escarpa
    - este
    - exterior
    - fondo
    - fuera
    - gruesa
    - grueso
    - infante
    - infrahumana
    - infrahumano
    - integrar
    - integrante
    - jirón
    - juez
    - les
    - más
    English:
    account for
    - act
    - again
    - against
    - agenda
    - anywhere
    - appeal
    - away
    - back
    - backbone
    - backroom
    - begin
    - behalf
    - bikini
    - body
    - bottom
    - bulk
    - buy out
    - call
    - civil
    - claw back
    - come away
    - come under
    - component
    - constituent
    - cross-examine
    - croup
    - cut
    - damage
    - day
    - dispatch
    - element
    - else
    - engage in
    - for
    - fourteenth
    - fraction
    - front
    - good
    - half
    - hear of
    - inner
    - integral
    - join
    - join in
    - largely
    - linchpin
    - lion
    - listen
    - mostly
    * * *
    parte1 nm
    1. [informe] report;
    dar parte (a alguien de algo) to report (sth to sb);
    dimos parte del incidente a la policía we reported the incident to the police
    parte de accidente [para aseguradora] (accident) claim form;
    parte facultativo medical report;
    parte de guerra dispatch;
    parte médico medical report;
    parte meteorológico weather report
    2. Anticuado [noticiario] news bulletin
    3. Andes [multa] fine [for a traffic offence]
    parte2 nf
    1. [porción, elemento, división] part;
    hizo su parte del trabajo he did his share of the work;
    las partes del cuerpo the parts of the body;
    “El Padrino, Segunda parte” “The Godfather, Part Two”;
    la mayor parte de la población most of the population;
    la tercera parte de a third of;
    repartir algo a partes iguales to share sth out equally;
    fue peligroso y divertido a partes iguales it was both dangerous and fun at the same time;
    dimos la lavadora vieja como parte del pago we traded in our old washing machine in part exchange;
    en parte to a certain extent, partly;
    en gran parte [mayoritariamente] for the most part;
    [principalmente] to a large extent;
    en su mayor parte están a favor they're mostly in favour, most of them are in favour;
    esto forma parte del proyecto this is part of the project;
    forma parte del comité she's a member of the committee;
    cada uno puso de su parte everyone did what they could;
    por mi/tu/ etc[m5]. parte for my/your/ etc part;
    por mi parte no hay ningún problema it's fine as far as I'm concerned;
    hubo protestas por parte de los trabajadores the workers protested, there were protests from the workers;
    lo hicimos por partes we did it bit by bit;
    ¡vamos por partes! [al explicar, aclarar] let's take one thing at a time!;
    ser parte integrante de algo to be o form an integral part of sth;
    llevarse la mejor/peor parte to come off best/worst;
    tomar parte en algo to take part in sth;
    llevarse la parte del león to get the lion's share;
    CSur
    mandarse la parte to put on airs;
    Euf
    en salva sea la parte: le dio un puntapié en salva sea la parte she gave him a kick up the rear;
    segundas partes nunca fueron buenas things are never as good the second time round
    Gram parte de la oración part of speech
    2. [lado, zona] part;
    la parte de abajo/de arriba, la parte inferior/superior the bottom/top;
    la parte trasera/delantera, la parte de atrás/de delante the back/front;
    el español que se habla en esta parte del mundo the Spanish spoken in this part of the world;
    viven en la parte alta de la ciudad they live in the higher part of the city;
    ¿de qué parte de Argentina es? what part of Argentina is he from?, whereabouts in Argentina is he from?;
    la bala le atravesó el cerebro de parte a parte the bullet went right through his brain;
    por una parte…, por otra… on the one hand…, on the other (hand)…;
    por otra parte [además] what is more, besides
    Méx parte baja [en béisbol] end of the inning
    3. [lugar, sitio] part;
    he estado en muchas partes I've been lots of places;
    ¡tú no vas a ninguna parte! you're not going anywhere!;
    en alguna parte somewhere;
    en otra parte elsewhere, somewhere else;
    en o [m5] por todas partes everywhere;
    no lo veo por ninguna parte I can't find it anywhere;
    esto no nos lleva a ninguna parte this isn't getting us anywhere;
    2.000 pesos no van a ninguna parte 2,000 pesos won't get you far;
    en todas partes cuecen habas it's the same wherever you go
    4. [bando] side;
    las partes enfrentadas o [m5] en conflicto the opposing parties o sides;
    estar/ponerse de parte de alguien to be on/to take sb's side;
    ¿tú de qué parte estás? whose side are you on?;
    es pariente mío por parte de padre he's related to me on my father's side;
    tener a alguien de parte de uno to have sb on one's side
    5. Der [en juicio, transacción] party;
    no hubo acuerdo entre las partes the two sides were unable to reach an agreement;
    las partes interesadas the interested parties
    la parte acusadora the prosecution;
    parte contratante party to the contract;
    6. Euf [genitales]
    partes privates;
    partes pudendas private parts;
    recibió un balonazo en sus partes a ball hit him in the privates
    7. Méx [repuesto] (spare) part, spare
    8. [en frases]
    de parte de on behalf of, for;
    traigo un paquete de parte de Juan I've got a parcel for you from Juan;
    venimos de parte de la compañía de seguros we're here on behalf of the insurance company, we're from the insurance company;
    de parte de tu madre, que vayas a comprar leche your mother says for you to go and buy some milk;
    dale recuerdos de mi parte give her my regards;
    fue muy amable/generoso de tu parte it was very kind/generous of you;
    ¿de parte de (quién)? [al teléfono] who's calling, please?;
    de un tiempo a esta parte for some time now;
    de un mes/unos años a esta parte for the last month/last few years
    * * *
    I m report;
    dar parte a alguien inform s.o.;
    dar parte file a report
    II f
    1 trozo part;
    en parte partly;
    en gran parte largely;
    la mayor parte de the majority of, most of;
    formar parte de form part of;
    tomar parte en take part in;
    tener parte en algo play a part in sth;
    la parte del león the lion’s share;
    ir por partes do a job in stages o bit by bit;
    llevar la mejor/peor parte be at an advantage/a disadvantage
    2 JUR party;
    partes contratantes contracting parties, parties to the contract
    3 ( lugar)
    :
    alguna parte somewhere;
    otra parte somewhere else;
    en o
    por todas partes everywhere;
    conducir a ninguna parte fig be going nowhere;
    en otra parte elsewhere
    4
    :
    de parte de on o in behalf of
    5
    :
    por parte de madre/padre on one’s mother’s/father’s side;
    estar de parte de alguien be on s.o.’s side;
    ponerse de parte de alguien take s.o.’s side;
    por una parte … por otra parte on the one hand … on the other (hand)
    6
    :
    por otra parte moreover
    7
    :
    desde un tiempo a esta parte up to now, up until now
    * * *
    parte nm
    : report, dispatch
    parte nf
    1) : part, share
    2) : part, place
    en alguna parte: somewhere
    por todas partes: everywhere
    3) : party (in negotiations, etc.)
    4)
    de parte de : on behalf of
    5)
    ¿de parte de quién? : may I ask who's calling?
    6)
    tomar parte : to take part
    * * *
    1. (en general) part
    ¿de qué parte de Inglaterra eres? which part of England are you from?
    2. (a favor de) side
    ¿de parte de quién estás? whose side are you on?
    a ninguna parte nowhere / not... anywhere
    de parte de... from...
    ¿de parte de quién? who's calling?
    poner de tu parte to do your share / to do your bit

    Spanish-English dictionary > parte

  • 8 en

    prep.
    viven en la capital they live in the capital
    tiene el dinero en el banco he keeps his money in the bank
    en la mesa/el plato on the table/plate
    en casa/el trabajo at home/work
    2 into.
    el avión cayó en el mar the plane fell into the sea
    entraron en la habitación they came/went into the room
    3 in (time) (month, year).
    nació en 1953/marzo she was born in 1953/March
    en Nochebuena on Christmas Eve
    en Navidades at Christmas
    en aquella época at that time, in those days
    en un par de días in a couple of days
    ir en tren/coche/avión/barco to go by train/car/plane/boat
    5 in (modo).
    en voz baja in a low voice
    lo dijo en inglés she said it in English
    pagar en libras to pay in pounds
    la inflación aumentó en un 10 por ciento inflation increased by 10 percent
    todo se lo gasta en ropa he spends everything on clothes
    6 in (price).
    las ganancias se calculan en millones profits are calculated in millions
    te lo dejo en 5.000 I'll let you have it for 5,000
    7 from (causa).
    lo detecté en su forma de hablar I could tell from the way he was speaking
    8 in, made of (materia).
    en seda in silk
    9 in terms of.
    lo supera en inteligencia she is more intelligent than he is
    10 on, over, upon.
    11 at, over at, in, over in.
    En ese momento ...at that moment.
    12 to.
    * * *
    en
    1 (lugar - gen) in, at
    2 (- en el interior) in, inside
    4 (año, mes, estación) in; (día) on; (época, momento) at
    7 (tema, materia) at, in
    8 (modo, manera) in
    los valores aumentaron en un 6% securities increased by 6%
    10 en + gerund upon
    en llegando el maestro, los niños se levantan upon the teacher's arrival, the children stand up
    \
    de casa en casa from house to house
    en cuanto as soon as
    en camino on the way
    * * *
    prep.
    1) in
    2) on
    3) at
    4) by
    6) into
    * * *
    PREP
    1) [indicando lugar]
    a) (=dentro de) in

    está en el cajón/en el armario — it's in the drawer/in the wardrobe

    b) (=encima de) on
    c) [con países, ciudades, calles]
    d) [con edificios]
    2) [indicando movimiento] into
    3) [indicando modo] in
    4) [indicando proporción] by
    5) [indicando tiempo]

    ayer en la mañana LAm yesterday morning

    en la mañana del accidente LAm on the morning of the accident

    6) [indicando tema, ocupación]

    Hugo en Segismundo — (Cine, Teat) Hugo as Segismundo, Hugo in the role of Segismundo

    7) [con medios de transporte] by
    8) [con cantidades] at, for
    9) [con infinitivo]
    10) [con gerundio]
    EN Como preposición de lugar, en se traduce normalmente por on, in o at. La elección de una de estas tres preposiciones depende a menudo de cómo percibe el hablante la relación espacial. He aquí unas líneas generales: Se traduce por on cuando en equivale a encima de o nos referimos a algo que se percibe como una superficie o una línea, por ejemplo una mesa, una carretera {etc}: "¿Has visto mi vestido?" - "Está en la tabla de planchar" "Have you seen my dress?" - "It's on the ironing-board" Estaban tumbados en la playa They were lying on the beach Está construyendo una casa en la colina He's building a house on the hill ... un pueblo en la costa oeste...... a village on the west coast... La gasolinera está en la carretera que va a Motril The petrol station is on the road to Motril Dibujó un león en la hoja de papel He drew a lion on the piece of paper Tiene un grano en la nariz He has a spot on his nose Lo vi en la tele I saw him on TV ► Se usa in cuando equivale a dentro de o cuando nos referimos a un espacio que se percibe como limitado (calle, montañas, etc): Tus gafas están en mi bolso Your glasses are in my bag Tienes una pestaña en el ojo You've got an eyelash in your eye Lo leí en un libro I read it in a book Se han comprado un chalet en la sierra They've bought a chalet in the mountains Viven en la calle de Serrano They live in the Calle de Serrano ► Lo traducimos por at para referirnos a un edificio cuando hablamos de la actividad que normalmente se realiza en él o cuando en indica un lugar concreto. También se traduce por at cuando en la dirección incluimos el número o el nombre de la casa: ¿Por qué no comemos en el restaurante de tu hermano? Why don't we have lunch at your brother's restaurant? Voy a pasar el día en el museo I'm going to spend the day at the museum Te espero en la parada del autobús I'll meet you at the bus-stop Vivimos en la calle Dale nº 12 We live at 12 Dale Street Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada
    * * *
    a) (refiriéndose a ciudad, edificio)

    viven en París/en una granja/en el número diez/en un hotel — they live in Paris/on a farm/at number ten/in a hotel

    viven en la calle Goyathey live on o (BrE) in Goya Street

    nos quedamos en casawe stayed home (AmE), we stayed at home (BrE)

    b) ( dentro de) in
    c) ( sobre) on
    2) (expresando circunstancias, ambiente, medio) in
    3)
    a) (indicando tema, especialidad, cualidad)
    b) (indicando proporción, precio)

    lo vendió en $30 — he sold it for $30

    las pérdidas se calcularon en $50.000 — the losses were calculated at $50,000

    4)
    a) (indicando estado, manera) in

    en buenas/malas condiciones — in good/bad condition

    en llamas — in flames, on fire

    ir en taxi/barco — to go by taxi/by boat

    fueron en bicicleta — they cycled, they went on their bikes

    5)

    ¿lo tienen en azul? — do you have it in blue?

    en la mañana/tarde/noche — (esp AmL) in the morning/afternoon/at night

    7)
    * * *
    = in, onto, into, at, throughout.
    Ex. The first institute, 'The Catalog: Its Nature and Prospects,' was held in New York City on October 9 and 10, 1975.
    Ex. When one is in place, the depression of a lever causes it to be photographed onto the next blank space.
    Ex. The application of a classification scheme to a set of documents should result in the ordering or arranging of that set of documents into groups or classes according to their subject content.
    Ex. He also resolved to talk with Cleo Passantino, a young librarian who had been at the library for three years and with whom he had had little contact.
    Ex. Throughout this chapter the term 'document' is used to refer to any item which might be found in a library or information center or data base.
    ----
    * en absoluto = at all, in the slightest, whatsoever, not at all, in any shape or form.
    * en abstracto = abstractly.
    * en abundancia = in plenty, liberally, in abundance, exuberantly, in profusion, aplenty [a-plenty], prodigiously, plentifully.
    * en activo = practising [practicing, -USA].
    * en adelante = forward [forwards].
    * en agradecimiento por = appreciative of.
    * en alerta roja = on red alert.
    * en alguna ocasión = on any one occasion.
    * en alguna parte = someplace.
    * en alguna parte de + Nombre = some way down + Nombre.
    * en algún lugar = somewhere, at some point.
    * en algún lugar (de por ahí) = somewhere out there.
    * en algún momento = somewhere along the line, sometime, at sometime, at some point, at some point in time, at one time or another.
    * en algunos casos = in some cases.
    * en algunos grupos = in some quarters.
    * en algunos grupos de la población = in some quarters.
    * en algunos sectores = in some quarters.
    * en algunos sectores de la población = in some quarters.
    * en algunos sentidos = in some respects.
    * en algunos sitios = in places.
    * en alquiler = rented.
    * en alta mar = on the open sea, offshore, on the high seas.
    * en alza = on the upswing.
    * en ambas direcciones = two-way.
    * en ambos casos = in either case, in either instance.
    * en ángulo = angled.
    * en ángulo recto = at right angles.
    * en antaño = in olden times, in olden days.
    * en antelación = anticipatory.
    * en anticipación = anticipatory.
    * en años anteriores = in prior years, in years past, in past years.
    * en apariencia = apparently, looking, seemingly, on the face of it, on the surface, ostensibly.
    * en apenas nada = in no time at all, in next to no time, in no time.
    * en apoyo a = in support of.
    * en apuros = hard-pressed, beleaguered, in deep trouble, in difficulties, if it comes to the crunch, when push comes to shove, when it comes to the crunch, when the worst comes to the worst, if the worst comes to the worst, in deep water, in hot water, in dire straits.
    * en aquel entonces = at the time, the then + Nombre, by this time, at that time, in the course of events, during the course of events, back then, in those days.
    * en aquella época = at the time, at that time, in those days.
    * en aquellas ocasiones cuando = on occasions when.
    * en aquellos casos = in those cases.
    * en aquellos casos en los que = in those cases where.
    * en aquellos tiempos = at the time, the then + Nombre, by this time, in those days.
    * en aquel momento = at the time, the then + Nombre, by this time, at that time.
    * en aras a = in the name of.
    * en aras de = in the interest(s) of.
    * en armonía = harmoniously, in harmony.
    * en armonía con = in harmony with, in harness with, in keeping with, in tune with, in sync with.
    * en ascuas = on tenterhooks.
    * en auge = in ascendancy, buoyant, booming, on the rise, at high tide.
    * en aumento = burgeoning, growing, increasing, mounting, rising, on the rise, heightening.
    * en aumento gradual = gradually quickening.
    * en Babia = absent-minded.
    * en balde = in vain, vainly, to no avail, of no avail.
    * en bandada = in full force.
    * en bandadas = in droves.
    * en base a = in terms of, on the grounds that/of, on the basis of.
    * en beneficio de = for the benefit of, to the benefit of.
    * en beneficio propio = to + Posesivo + advantage.
    * en bisel = angled.
    * en blanco = blankly, blank.
    * en blanco y negro = b&w (black and white).
    * en bloque = en bloc.
    * en boga = in vogue, in fashion, voguish.
    * en bolas = stark naked, in the nod, in the buff.
    * en breve = shortly, the long and (the) short of, soon [sooner -comp., soonest -sup.].
    * en broma = teasingly.
    * en buena compañía = in good company.
    * en buena condición = in good condition, in good shape, in good nick.
    * en buena forma = in good nick.
    * en buena parte = for the most part.
    * en buenas condiciones para navegar = seaworthy.
    * en buenas manos = in a safe place, in safekeeping.
    * en buen estado = in good condition, in good working condition, in good shape, in good nick.
    * en buen estado de funcionamiento = in good working condition.
    * en busca de quimeras = in pursuit of + windmills.
    * en búsqueda de = a quest for.
    * en cada fase = at each stage.
    * en caída = flowing.
    * en caja = boxed.
    * en caliente = in the heat of the moment, on the spur of the moment.
    * en cama = abed.
    * en cambio = by contrast, in contrast, instead, shifting, by comparison.
    * en camino = on the way.
    * en cantidad = bulk.
    * en + Cantidad + años = in + Cantidad + years' time.
    * en capilla = on tenterhooks, in suspense.
    * en carnavales = carnivalistically.
    * en carne y hueso = in the flesh.
    * en casa = in the home.
    * en casa de herrero cuchillo de palo = the cobbler's children run barefoot.
    * en casi nada = in no time at all, in next to no time, in no time.
    * en casi todos los + Nombre = in just about every + Nombre.
    * en caso de darse circunstancias ajenas a + Posesivo + control = in the event of circumstances beyond + Posesivo + control.
    * en caso de emergencia = in an emergency, in an emergency situation.
    * en caso de fuerza mayor = in the event of circumstances beyond + Posesivo + control.
    * en CD-ROM = CD-ROM-based.
    * en chirona = behind bars.
    * en ciernes = developing, budding, in the making.
    * en cierta medida = to some extent, to a certain extent, to some degree.
    * en ciertas circunstancias = in certain circumstances.
    * en ciertas ocasiones = at certain times.
    * en cierto grado = something of.
    * en cierto modo = to some extent, after a fashion, to a certain extent, in a manner of speaking, so to speak, to some degree.
    * en cierto modo + Verbo = sort of + Verbo.
    * en ciertos casos = in certain cases.
    * en cierto sentido = in several respects, to some extent, in a sense, in some respects, to some degree.
    * en circuito cerrado = looped.
    * en círcuitos de segunda categoría = in the provinces.
    * en circuitos de segundo orden = in the provinces.
    * en circumstancias difíciles = under difficult circumstances.
    * en circunstancias misteriosas = in mysterious circumstances.
    * en circunstancias normales = in the course of events, during the course of events, under normal circumstances.
    * en circusntancias normales = in the normal run of things.
    * en coche = drive.
    * en colaboración = collaborative, cooperative [co-operative], jointly, participatory, in concert, in consort, collaboratively, synergistic, synergistically, in tandem, in a tandem fashion, in partnership.
    * en colaboración con = in concert with, in consultation with, in collaboration with, in alliance with, in conjunction with, in partnership with.
    * en colaboración con, junto con, de manera conjunta con = in partnership with.
    * en color = coloured [colored, -USA], full-colour.
    * en columnas = columnar.
    * en colusión con = in collusion with, in complicity with, in connivance with.
    * en coma = comatose.
    * en combinación con = in parallel to/with, in combination with.
    * en comisión de servicios = seconded.
    * en comparación = by comparison.
    * en comparación con = against, as compared to, set against, in comparison with, in comparison to.
    * en compensación = compensatory.
    * en complicidad con = in cahoots (with), in complicity with, in complicity with, in collusion with, in connivance with.
    * en común con = in common with.
    * en conciencia = in good conscience.
    * en conclusión = in conclusion.
    * en concordancia con = in accordance with, in accord with.
    * en concreto = in particular, to be specific.
    * en condiciones = decent.
    * en condiciones de = in the position to.
    * en condiciones de igualdad = on an equal footing, on equal terms, on an equal basis.
    * en condiciones difíciles = under difficult conditions.
    * en conexión con = in respect of.
    * en confidencia = in confidence.
    * en conflicto (con) = in conflict (with).
    * en conformidad con = in conformity with, in keeping with.
    * en conjunción con = in conjunction with, in tandem with.
    * en conjunto = altogether, on balance, bulk, all in all, overall, overall.
    * en conmemoración de = in celebration of, commemorative.
    * en connivencia = colluding.
    * en connivencia con = in collusion with, in cahoots (with), in complicity with, in connivance with.
    * en consecuencia = accordingly, consequently, hence, in consequence, as a consequence (of), it follows that, on this basis, on that basis, in doing so.
    * en consecuencia lógica = by implication.
    * en consideración = under consideration.
    * en consideración a = for the sake of, out of consideration for, out of respect for.
    * en consonacia con = in line with.
    * en consonancia con = in concert with, in keeping with, in step with, in tune with, in consonance with.
    * en constante cambio = ever-changing [ever changing], ever-fluid, on the move, fast changing [fast-changing], ever-shifting.
    * en constante expansión = ever-expanding, ever-growing.
    * en constante movimiento = on the move, on the go.
    * en construcción = under development, under construction.
    * en contacto = in communication.
    * en contacto con la realidad = in touch with + reality.
    * en contadas ocasiones = rarely, seldom, on rare occasions.
    * en contenedor = containerised [containerized, -USA].
    * en continua expansión = expanding.
    * en continuo aumento = ever-increasing.
    * en continuo cambio = constantly shifting, ever-changing [ever changing], ever-shifting.
    * en contra = counterpoint, against.
    * en contra de la guerra = antiwar [anti-war].
    * en contra de la opinión general = contrary to popular belief.
    * en contra de la raza blanca = anti-white [antiwhite].
    * en contra de la raza negra = antiblack [anti-black].
    * en contra de las circunstancias = against circumstances.
    * en contra de las instituciones = anti-establishment.
    * en contra del gobierno = anti-government.
    * en contraposición a = as opposed to, in contrast (to/with), in contradistinction to.
    * en contraste con = in contrast (to/with).
    * en contravención de = in contravention of.
    * en contubernio (con) = in cahoots (with).
    * en cooperación = cooperative [co-operative].
    * en cooperación con = in cooperation with.
    * en cooperativa = cooperatively [co-operatively].
    * en costras = caked.
    * en crisis = depressed, crisis-ridden, on the rocks.
    * en cuadernillo = in booklet form.
    * en cualquier caso = for that matter, in any event, in any case, in either case.
    * en cualquier domingo = on any given Sunday.
    * en cualquier lugar = everywhere, anywhere.
    * en cualquier momento = anytime, at any one time, at any point, at any point in time, at any time, at any moment, at any given point, at any moment in time, at any given moment, momentarily, on any given Sunday.
    * en cualquier momento en el futuro = at some stage.
    * en cualquier orden = either way round.
    * en cualquier otra circunstancia = in the normal run of things, in the normal run of events.
    * en cualquier otra parte = anywhere else, everywhere else.
    * en cualquier otra situación = in the normal run of things, in the normal run of events.
    * en cualquier otro lugar = anywhere else, everywhere else.
    * en cualquier otro momento = some other time.
    * en cualquier otro sitio = anywhere else.
    * en cualquier parte = anywhere, everywhere.
    * en cualquier sitio = everywhere, anywhere.
    * en cualquier situación = in any given situation.
    * en + Cuantificador + aspectos = in + Cuantificador + respects.
    * en + Cuantificador + sentidos = in + Cuantificador + respects.
    * en cuanto a = as to, in extent of, in regard to, in terms of, in the way of, with regard(s) to, as for, as regards, as to the matter of, in reference to, now as to, moving on to.
    * en cuanto a él = as for him.
    * en cuanto a ella = as for her.
    * en cuanto a ellos = as for them.
    * en cuanto a los hechos = factually.
    * en cuanto a mí = as for me.
    * en cuanto a nosotros = as for us.
    * en cuanto a ti = as for you.
    * en cuanto a usted = as for you.
    * en cuanto a vosotros = as for you.
    * en cuanto + nacer = at birth.
    * en cuanto que = in that.
    * en cuarto lugar = fourthly.
    * en cuatro niveles = quadraplaner.
    * en cuclicllas = in a squatting position.
    * en cuclillas = squat, in a squat position, in a crouching position.
    * en cueros = in the buff, in the nod, stark naked.
    * en cuestión = at hand, concerned, in hand, individual, at issue, of concern.
    * en cuestión de minutos = within minutes, in a matter of minutes.
    * en cuestión de segundos = within seconds, in a matter of seconds.
    * en cuestión de + Tiempo = in a matter of + Tiempo, within a matter of + Tiempo.
    * en cuestiones de = in matters of.
    * en cumplimiento con = in line with, in compliance with.
    * en cursiva = in italic type.
    * en curso = in process, underway [under way], in progress, ongoing [on-going], afoot, current, under preparation.
    * en curso de = in course of.
    * en cuyo caso = in which case.
    * en danza = on the run.
    * en decadencia = bankrupt.
    * en defensa propia = in self-defence.
    * en definitiva = in all, all in all, in the last analysis, in the final analysis, all things considered.
    * en definitiva, bien mirado, bien considerado = all things considered.
    * en demanda = in-demand.
    * en demasía = excess, to excess, excessively.
    * en desacuerdo = disapproving, at odds.
    * en desacuerdo con = at odds with.
    * en desarmonía con = out of tune with, out of keeping with.
    * en desarrollo = evolving, under development.
    * en descomposición = decaying, putrefying.
    * en desesperación = despairing, in despair.
    * en desuso = obsolete, disused.
    * en detalle = at length.
    * en deterioro = deteriorating, crumbling, decaying, dilapidated, disintegrating.
    * en determinadas ocasiones = sometimes, on particular occasions.
    * en detrimento de = to the detriment of, to + Posesivo + detriment, to the neglect of.
    * en diagonal = herringbone.
    * en días alternos = every other day.
    * en diferente grado = differing, in varying measures.
    * en diferente medida = differing, in varying measures.
    * en diferentes momentos = at various times, at different times.
    * en diferentes ocasiones = at different times, at various times.
    * en dificultades = stranded.
    * en dinero = monetised [monetized, -pl.].
    * en dirección de la proa = abaft.
    * en dirección este = eastward(s), eastbound.
    * en dirección norte = northbound.
    * en dirección oeste = westbound, westward(s).
    * en dirección sur = southward(s), southbound.
    * en disco = ondisc.
    * en disminución = dwindling, on the wane.
    * en + Distancia + a la redonda = within + Distancia.
    * en distinta medida = differing, in varying measures.
    * en distintas ocasiones = at different times, at various times, on several occasions.
    * en distinto grado = in varying measures, differing, to varying degrees.
    * en distintos formatos = multiform.
    * en distintos momentos = at different times, at various times.
    * en diversas lenguas = multilingually.
    * en diversas ocasiones = on several occasions.
    * en diverso grado = to varying extents, to varying degrees.
    * en diversos formatos = multiform.
    * en donde = where, wherein.
    * en dos años = over a two-year period.
    * en dos lenguas = bilingually.
    * en dos niveles = split-level.
    * en dos palabras = in a nutshell, in a nutshell.
    * en dos volúmenes = two-volume.
    * en duda = in doubt.
    * en edad de trabajar = working-age.
    * en efecto = to all intents and purposes, for all intents and purposes.
    * en ejercicio = incumbent, practising [practicing, -USA].
    * en el abandono = in the wilderness.
    * en el acto = ipso facto, outright, on the spot, while-you-wait [while-u-wait], at the drop of a hat.
    * en el aire = in mid-air, airborne.
    * en el ámbito de = in the realm of.
    * en el año catapún = in the dim and distant past.
    * en el año del Señor = in the year of our Lord.
    * en el año entrante = in the coming year.
    * en el año próximo = in the coming year.
    * en el año venidero = in the coming year.
    * en el área de + Lugar = Lugar + area.
    * en el asiento de atrás = in the back seat.
    * en el asiento trasero = in the back seat.
    * en el aula de clase = classroom-based.
    * en el banquillo = on the bench.
    * en el blanco de mira = in the spotlight, in the crosshairs.
    * en el camino = along the way, en route, in the process.
    * en el campo de = in the realm of, in the field of.
    * en el campus universitario = campus-based.
    * en el candelero = in the spotlight.
    * en el cargo = in the saddle, in office.
    * en el caso de = for, in association with, in the case of, in the event of, in case of, in the context of.
    * en (el) caso de que = in the event that, should, in case.
    * en el caso poco probable de que = in the unlikely case (that).
    * en el centro de = at the heart of.
    * en el cine = at the movies.
    * en el clima actual de = in the present climate of.
    * en el contexto de = in the realm of.
    * en el culo = in the bottom.
    * en el culo del mundo = in the arse of nowhere.
    * en el curso de la historia = in the course of history.
    * en el curso normal de = in the mainstream of.
    * en el curso normal de las cosas = in the normal run of things, in the normal run of events.
    * en el curso normal de las cosas, en el curso normal de los acontecimientos, = in the normal run of things.
    * en el curso normal de los acontecimientos = in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.
    * en el desierto = in the wilderness.
    * en el detalle = in detail.
    * en el día a día = in the day to day, in the trenches.
    * en el dique seco = in dry dock, in the wilderness.
    * en el eje = at the core (of).
    * en el entorno de = in the realm of.
    * en el escenario = on stage.
    * en el escenario mundial = on the world stage.
    * en el espacio = spatially.
    * en el estricto sentido de la palabra = strictly speaking.
    * en el estudio = at study, at study.
    * en el extranjero = abroad, overseas, offshore.
    * en el extremo opuesto = at the far end.
    * en el fin de semana = over the weekend, over the weekend, at the weekend.
    * en el foco de atención = in the spotlight.
    * en el fondo = at heart, deep down, in the back of + Posesivo + mind, in the back of + Posesivo + head, at the back of + Posesivo + head, bottom line, the, in the bottom.
    * en el fondo de = at the root of.
    * en el futuro = Número + Tiempo + ahead, down the road, in future, in time(s) to come, at + future date, in (the) years to come, at some future time, in the years to come, in the years ahead, in years to come, at some future point, in the future, for future reference, for the years to come.
    * en el futuro a largo plazo = in the long-term future.
    * en el futuro cercano = in the foreseeable future.
    * en el futuro inmediato = in the offing, in the foreseeable future.
    * en el futuro lejano = further in the future.
    * en el haber de Uno = under + Posesivo + belt.
    * en el horario de trabajo = on company time.
    * en el horizonte = on the horizon.
    * en el hospital = at the bedside.
    * en el improbable caso de que = in the unlikely case (that).
    * en el instante en que + Subjuntivo = the moment + Verbo.
    * en el ínterin = in the interim, in the intervening years, in the intervening period, ad interim.
    * en el juego = at play.
    * en el lado negativo = on the debit side, on the negative side, on the downside.
    * en el lado positivo = on the credit side, on the positive side, on the plus side, on the bright side.
    * en ello = therein, thereupon [thereon].
    * en el lugar del accidente = at the scene, at the scene of the accident.
    * en el lugar de los hechos = at the scene.
    * en el mandato = in office.
    * en el mando = at the wheel.
    * en el mar = at sea.
    * en el marco de = within the ambit of, within the bounds of.
    * en el más allá = dead and gone.
    * en el mayor secreto = a veil of secrecy.
    * en el mejor de los casos = at best, at most, ideally, in the best of circumstances, the best case scenario, at the most, at the best of times, at the very best.
    * en el mejor momento de Uno = at + Posesivo + (very) best.
    * en el mismo centro (de) = plumb in the middle (of).
    * en el mismo número de años = in as many years.
    * en el mismo orden que = in sync with.
    * en el momento = on the spot.
    * en el momento actual = in this day and age, at the present time.
    * en el momento adecuado = at the right time.
    * en el momento de = at the time (that/of).
    * en el momento de escribir estas líneas = at the time of writing.
    * en el momento de la impresión = at the time of going to print.
    * en el momento en que se necesita = at the point-of-need, at the point of use, point of use.
    * en el momento en que + Subjuntivo = the moment + Verbo.
    * en el momento justo = on cue.
    * en el momento más débil de Alguien = at + Posesivo + weakest.
    * en el momento oportuno = at the right time, not a moment too soon, not a minute too soon.
    * en el momento peor de Alguien = at + Posesivo + weakest.
    * en el mundo = on the face of the earth, on the world stage.
    * en el mundo antiguo = in antiquity.
    * en el mundo entero = all over the world, worldwide [world-wide], all around the world, throughout the world, around the planet, the world over.
    * en el mundo que nos rodea = out there.
    * en el nivel básico = at grass roots level.
    * en el nivel intermedio de = in the middle range of.
    * en el nivel medio de = in the middle range of.
    * en el norte del estado = upstate.
    * en el núcleo = at the core (of).
    * en el ocaso = over the hill.
    * en el ojo del huracán = in the eye of the storm, in the eye of the hurricane.
    * en el orden del día = on the agenda.
    * en el origen (de) = in the early days (of).
    * en el otro extremo = at the other extreme.
    * en el otro extremo de la escala = at the other end of the scale, at the other end of the spectrum, at the other extreme.
    * en el país de los ciegos el tuerto es el rey = in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king, in the country of the blind, the one-eyed man is king, in the kingdom of the blind, the one-eyed man is king.
    * en el país de los ciegos el tuerto es el rey = be a case of the blind leading the blind.
    * en el pasado = in the past, in past eras, at some point in the past, in years gone by, in days gone by, in former times.
    * en el pasado remoto = in the dim and distant past.
    * en el peor de los casos = at worst, in the worst of circumstances, at + Posesivo + very worst, the worst case scenario, at + Posesivo + worst, in the worst case.
    * en el período penoso de = in the throes of.
    * en el período previo a = in the run up to, during the run up to.
    * en el piso de abajo = downstairs.
    * en el piso de arriba = upstairs.
    * en el poder = in office.
    * en el primer caso = in the former case.
    * en el proceso = in the process.
    * en el propio campus universitario = campus-based.
    * en el propio cortijo = on-farm.
    * en el próximo año = in the year ahead, in the coming year.
    * en el puesto de dirección = in the hot seat.
    * en el punto álgido de = at the height of.
    * en el punto de mira = in the spotlight, in the crosshairs.
    * en el que = wherein.
    * en el que se puede buscar = searchable.
    * en el quinto coño = in the arse of nowhere.
    * en el quinto pino = in the arse of nowhere.
    * en el quirófano = under the knife.
    * en el resto = everywhere else.
    * en el resto de = elsewhere.
    * en el seguimiento de = in the pursuit of.
    * en el segundo caso = in the latter case.
    * en el seno de = within, among.
    * en el sentido de las agujas del reloj = clockwise.
    * en el sentido de que = in the sense that, along the lines that, in that.
    * en el sentido más amplio = in the broadest sense, in the widest sense.
    * en el sentido más general = in the broadest sense.
    * en el sentido que = in which.
    * en el timón = in the saddle.
    * en el trabajo = on-the-job, at work.
    * en el transcurso de = throughout the course of, throughout the course of, in the course of, during the course of, over the course of, throughout.
    * en el transcurso de algunos años = over a period of years.
    * en el transcurso de la historia = in the course of history.
    * en el transcurso de los siglos = over the course of the centuries.
    * en el transcurso normal de + Posesivo + vida(s) = in the normal course of + Posesivo + life/lives.
    * en el trasfondo de = at the root of.
    * en el último caso = in the latter case.
    * en el último minuto = last minute [last-minute], at the last minute.
    * en el último momento = at the eleventh hour, at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last, at the last minute.
    * en el umbral de = on the threshold of.
    * en el vuelo = in-flight.
    * en entrante = recessed.
    * en entredicho = under challenge.
    * en episodios = episodic.
    * en época de carnaval = carnivalistically.
    * en época de feria = carnivalistically.
    * en época de paz = in peacetime, during peacetime.
    * en épocas anteriores = in former times, in past eras.
    * en épocas de = in times of.
    * en épocas de guerra = in time(s) of war.
    * en épocas de paz = in time(s) of peace.
    * en épocas de prosperidad económica = in affluent times.
    * en épocas difíciles = in times of need.
    * en épocas pasadas = in past ages.
    * en escamas = flaky.
    * en ese caso = in that case.
    * en ese mismo instante = at that very moment.
    * en ese mismo momento = at that very moment.
    * en ese momento = at that point, at this point, at that time, just then, at that point in time.
    * en esencia = in essence, essentially.
    * en ese sentido = on that score, to that effect.
    * en esos casos = in those cases.
    * en espacios cerrados = indoors.
    * en especial = especially (specially), notably, specially (especially).
    * en especie = in kind.
    * en espera = on hold.
    * en espiga = herringbone.
    * en esta coyuntura = at this juncture.
    * en estado = pregnant, in the family way.
    * en estado de abandono = decaying, dilapidated, dilapidated.
    * en estado de alerta = on alert.
    * en estado de alerta, de guardia = on standby.
    * en estado de buena esperanza = pregnant, in the family way.
    * en estado de cambio = in a state of flux.
    * en estado de descomposición = decaying.
    * en estado de deterioro = decaying, dilapidated.
    * en estado de reserva = on standby.
    * en estado de reserva, en estado de alerta, de guardia = on standby.
    * en estado de sitio = in a state of siege, under siege.
    * en estado embrionario = embryo, embryonic, in embryonic stage, in embryo, in the embryo stage.
    * en esta época del año = around this time of year.
    * en esta ocasión = on this occasion.
    * en estas circunstancias = under these circumstances.
    * en esta situación = at this juncture.
    * en este caso = in this case.
    * en este contexto = against this background.
    * en este documento = herein, herewith, hereto.
    * en este extremo = to this extent.
    * en este grado = to this extent.
    * en este mismo sentido = along the same lines.
    * en este momento = at this point, at this stage, at this juncture, at this time, at this moment in time, right now.
    * en este período = in the course of events, during the course of events.
    * en este sentido = along these lines, in this connection, in this direction, in this sense, in this vein, in this spirit, in this regard, in this effort, in that spirit, on this score, to that effect.
    * en estos casos = in these cases.
    * en estos días = today, these days.
    * en estos tiempos = in these times, in this day and age.
    * en estrecha colaboración = in close collaboration.
    * en estrecha colaboración con = hand-in-glove with.
    * en estuche = boxed.
    * en excelente estado = in tip-top condition, in tip-top form.
    * en excelentes condiciones = in tip-top condition, in tip-top form.
    * en exceso = overflow, overflowing, excessively, excess, to excess.
    * en exclusiva = exclusively.
    * en existencia = in existence.
    * en expansión = expanded.
    * en exposición = on exhibit, on show, on display.
    * en + Expresión Temporal = as of + Expresión Temporal, come + Expresión Temporal.
    * en extensión = in length.
    * en extenso = at length, in full.
    * en extremo = no end, to no end.
    * en fase terminal = terminally ill.
    * en favor de = in favour of.
    * en flor = in full blossom, in blossom.
    * en forma = fit [fitter -comp., fittest -sup.], toned.
    * en forma de = in the form of, in the shape of.
    * en forma de A = A-shaped.
    * en forma de arco = arched, bowed.
    * en forma de capa = cape-like.
    * en forma de cruz = cross-shaped.
    * en forma de cuadrado = square-shaped.
    * en forma de cuña = wedge-shaped.
    * en forma de cúpula = dome-shaped, domed.
    * en forma de D = d-shaped.
    * en forma de estrella = star-shaped [star shaped].
    * en forma de L = L-shaped.
    * en forma de libro = in book form.
    * en forma de medialuna = crescent-shaped.
    * en forma de parásito = parasitically.
    * en forma de pera = pear-shaped.
    * en forma de pirámide = pyramidal-shaped.
    * en forma de trompeta = trumpet-shaped.
    * en forma de U = U-shaped.
    * en forma de V = V-shaped.
    * en forma física = physically fit.
    * en forma física y mental = physically and mentally fit.
    * en forma ovalada = oval-shaped.
    * en forma piramidal = pyramidal-shaped.
    * en formato de libro moderno = in codex form.
    * en formato digital = digitally.
    * en formato electrónico = in electronic form.
    * en formato MARC = in MARC form.
    * en formato papel = paper-based, in hard copy.
    * en frente = ahead, in front.
    * en frente de = in front of.
    * en funcionamiento = in operation.
    * en función de = according to, as a function of, depending on/upon.
    * en general = at large, by and large, for the most part, generally, in general, in the main, on balance, on the whole, overall, all in all, broadly, as a whole, generally speaking.
    * en germinación = budding.
    * en gestación = in the making.
    * en grado mínimo = minimally.
    * en gran cantidad = prodigiously.
    * en grandes cantidades = en masse, in good number, in record numbers, in bulk.
    * en grandes números = in record numbers.
    * en gran formato = oversize, oversized.
    * en gran medida = broadly, by and large, extensively, greatly, heavily, largely, to a considerable extent, to a high degree, to a large extent, tremendously, vastly, very much, keenly, in no small way, to any great degree, in many ways, in large part, in large measure, in no small measure, to a great extent, to a large degree, to a great degree.
    * en gran número = numerously.
    * en gran parte
    * * *
    a) (refiriéndose a ciudad, edificio)

    viven en París/en una granja/en el número diez/en un hotel — they live in Paris/on a farm/at number ten/in a hotel

    viven en la calle Goyathey live on o (BrE) in Goya Street

    nos quedamos en casawe stayed home (AmE), we stayed at home (BrE)

    b) ( dentro de) in
    c) ( sobre) on
    2) (expresando circunstancias, ambiente, medio) in
    3)
    a) (indicando tema, especialidad, cualidad)
    b) (indicando proporción, precio)

    lo vendió en $30 — he sold it for $30

    las pérdidas se calcularon en $50.000 — the losses were calculated at $50,000

    4)
    a) (indicando estado, manera) in

    en buenas/malas condiciones — in good/bad condition

    en llamas — in flames, on fire

    ir en taxi/barco — to go by taxi/by boat

    fueron en bicicleta — they cycled, they went on their bikes

    5)

    ¿lo tienen en azul? — do you have it in blue?

    en la mañana/tarde/noche — (esp AmL) in the morning/afternoon/at night

    7)
    * * *
    = in, onto, into, at, throughout.

    Ex: The first institute, 'The Catalog: Its Nature and Prospects,' was held in New York City on October 9 and 10, 1975.

    Ex: When one is in place, the depression of a lever causes it to be photographed onto the next blank space.
    Ex: The application of a classification scheme to a set of documents should result in the ordering or arranging of that set of documents into groups or classes according to their subject content.
    Ex: He also resolved to talk with Cleo Passantino, a young librarian who had been at the library for three years and with whom he had had little contact.
    Ex: Throughout this chapter the term 'document' is used to refer to any item which might be found in a library or information center or data base.
    * en absoluto = at all, in the slightest, whatsoever, not at all, in any shape or form.
    * en abstracto = abstractly.
    * en abundancia = in plenty, liberally, in abundance, exuberantly, in profusion, aplenty [a-plenty], prodigiously, plentifully.
    * en activo = practising [practicing, -USA].
    * en adelante = forward [forwards].
    * en agradecimiento por = appreciative of.
    * en alerta roja = on red alert.
    * en alguna ocasión = on any one occasion.
    * en alguna parte = someplace.
    * en alguna parte de + Nombre = some way down + Nombre.
    * en algún lugar = somewhere, at some point.
    * en algún lugar (de por ahí) = somewhere out there.
    * en algún momento = somewhere along the line, sometime, at sometime, at some point, at some point in time, at one time or another.
    * en algunos casos = in some cases.
    * en algunos grupos = in some quarters.
    * en algunos grupos de la población = in some quarters.
    * en algunos sectores = in some quarters.
    * en algunos sectores de la población = in some quarters.
    * en algunos sentidos = in some respects.
    * en algunos sitios = in places.
    * en alquiler = rented.
    * en alta mar = on the open sea, offshore, on the high seas.
    * en alza = on the upswing.
    * en ambas direcciones = two-way.
    * en ambos casos = in either case, in either instance.
    * en ángulo = angled.
    * en ángulo recto = at right angles.
    * en antaño = in olden times, in olden days.
    * en antelación = anticipatory.
    * en anticipación = anticipatory.
    * en años anteriores = in prior years, in years past, in past years.
    * en apariencia = apparently, looking, seemingly, on the face of it, on the surface, ostensibly.
    * en apenas nada = in no time at all, in next to no time, in no time.
    * en apoyo a = in support of.
    * en apuros = hard-pressed, beleaguered, in deep trouble, in difficulties, if it comes to the crunch, when push comes to shove, when it comes to the crunch, when the worst comes to the worst, if the worst comes to the worst, in deep water, in hot water, in dire straits.
    * en aquel entonces = at the time, the then + Nombre, by this time, at that time, in the course of events, during the course of events, back then, in those days.
    * en aquella época = at the time, at that time, in those days.
    * en aquellas ocasiones cuando = on occasions when.
    * en aquellos casos = in those cases.
    * en aquellos casos en los que = in those cases where.
    * en aquellos tiempos = at the time, the then + Nombre, by this time, in those days.
    * en aquel momento = at the time, the then + Nombre, by this time, at that time.
    * en aras a = in the name of.
    * en aras de = in the interest(s) of.
    * en armonía = harmoniously, in harmony.
    * en armonía con = in harmony with, in harness with, in keeping with, in tune with, in sync with.
    * en ascuas = on tenterhooks.
    * en auge = in ascendancy, buoyant, booming, on the rise, at high tide.
    * en aumento = burgeoning, growing, increasing, mounting, rising, on the rise, heightening.
    * en aumento gradual = gradually quickening.
    * en Babia = absent-minded.
    * en balde = in vain, vainly, to no avail, of no avail.
    * en bandada = in full force.
    * en bandadas = in droves.
    * en base a = in terms of, on the grounds that/of, on the basis of.
    * en beneficio de = for the benefit of, to the benefit of.
    * en beneficio propio = to + Posesivo + advantage.
    * en bisel = angled.
    * en blanco = blankly, blank.
    * en blanco y negro = b&w (black and white).
    * en bloque = en bloc.
    * en boga = in vogue, in fashion, voguish.
    * en bolas = stark naked, in the nod, in the buff.
    * en breve = shortly, the long and (the) short of, soon [sooner -comp., soonest -sup.].
    * en broma = teasingly.
    * en buena compañía = in good company.
    * en buena condición = in good condition, in good shape, in good nick.
    * en buena forma = in good nick.
    * en buena parte = for the most part.
    * en buenas condiciones para navegar = seaworthy.
    * en buenas manos = in a safe place, in safekeeping.
    * en buen estado = in good condition, in good working condition, in good shape, in good nick.
    * en buen estado de funcionamiento = in good working condition.
    * en busca de quimeras = in pursuit of + windmills.
    * en búsqueda de = a quest for.
    * en cada fase = at each stage.
    * en caída = flowing.
    * en caja = boxed.
    * en caliente = in the heat of the moment, on the spur of the moment.
    * en cama = abed.
    * en cambio = by contrast, in contrast, instead, shifting, by comparison.
    * en camino = on the way.
    * en cantidad = bulk.
    * en + Cantidad + años = in + Cantidad + years' time.
    * en capilla = on tenterhooks, in suspense.
    * en carnavales = carnivalistically.
    * en carne y hueso = in the flesh.
    * en casa = in the home.
    * en casa de herrero cuchillo de palo = the cobbler's children run barefoot.
    * en casi nada = in no time at all, in next to no time, in no time.
    * en casi todos los + Nombre = in just about every + Nombre.
    * en caso de darse circunstancias ajenas a + Posesivo + control = in the event of circumstances beyond + Posesivo + control.
    * en caso de emergencia = in an emergency, in an emergency situation.
    * en caso de fuerza mayor = in the event of circumstances beyond + Posesivo + control.
    * en CD-ROM = CD-ROM-based.
    * en chirona = behind bars.
    * en ciernes = developing, budding, in the making.
    * en cierta medida = to some extent, to a certain extent, to some degree.
    * en ciertas circunstancias = in certain circumstances.
    * en ciertas ocasiones = at certain times.
    * en cierto grado = something of.
    * en cierto modo = to some extent, after a fashion, to a certain extent, in a manner of speaking, so to speak, to some degree.
    * en cierto modo + Verbo = sort of + Verbo.
    * en ciertos casos = in certain cases.
    * en cierto sentido = in several respects, to some extent, in a sense, in some respects, to some degree.
    * en circuito cerrado = looped.
    * en círcuitos de segunda categoría = in the provinces.
    * en circuitos de segundo orden = in the provinces.
    * en circumstancias difíciles = under difficult circumstances.
    * en circunstancias misteriosas = in mysterious circumstances.
    * en circunstancias normales = in the course of events, during the course of events, under normal circumstances.
    * en circusntancias normales = in the normal run of things.
    * en coche = drive.
    * en colaboración = collaborative, cooperative [co-operative], jointly, participatory, in concert, in consort, collaboratively, synergistic, synergistically, in tandem, in a tandem fashion, in partnership.
    * en colaboración con = in concert with, in consultation with, in collaboration with, in alliance with, in conjunction with, in partnership with.
    * en colaboración con, junto con, de manera conjunta con = in partnership with.
    * en color = coloured [colored, -USA], full-colour.
    * en columnas = columnar.
    * en colusión con = in collusion with, in complicity with, in connivance with.
    * en coma = comatose.
    * en combinación con = in parallel to/with, in combination with.
    * en comisión de servicios = seconded.
    * en comparación = by comparison.
    * en comparación con = against, as compared to, set against, in comparison with, in comparison to.
    * en compensación = compensatory.
    * en complicidad con = in cahoots (with), in complicity with, in complicity with, in collusion with, in connivance with.
    * en común con = in common with.
    * en conciencia = in good conscience.
    * en conclusión = in conclusion.
    * en concordancia con = in accordance with, in accord with.
    * en concreto = in particular, to be specific.
    * en condiciones = decent.
    * en condiciones de = in the position to.
    * en condiciones de igualdad = on an equal footing, on equal terms, on an equal basis.
    * en condiciones difíciles = under difficult conditions.
    * en conexión con = in respect of.
    * en confidencia = in confidence.
    * en conflicto (con) = in conflict (with).
    * en conformidad con = in conformity with, in keeping with.
    * en conjunción con = in conjunction with, in tandem with.
    * en conjunto = altogether, on balance, bulk, all in all, overall, overall.
    * en conmemoración de = in celebration of, commemorative.
    * en connivencia = colluding.
    * en connivencia con = in collusion with, in cahoots (with), in complicity with, in connivance with.
    * en consecuencia = accordingly, consequently, hence, in consequence, as a consequence (of), it follows that, on this basis, on that basis, in doing so.
    * en consecuencia lógica = by implication.
    * en consideración = under consideration.
    * en consideración a = for the sake of, out of consideration for, out of respect for.
    * en consonacia con = in line with.
    * en consonancia con = in concert with, in keeping with, in step with, in tune with, in consonance with.
    * en constante cambio = ever-changing [ever changing], ever-fluid, on the move, fast changing [fast-changing], ever-shifting.
    * en constante expansión = ever-expanding, ever-growing.
    * en constante movimiento = on the move, on the go.
    * en construcción = under development, under construction.
    * en contacto = in communication.
    * en contacto con la realidad = in touch with + reality.
    * en contadas ocasiones = rarely, seldom, on rare occasions.
    * en contenedor = containerised [containerized, -USA].
    * en continua expansión = expanding.
    * en continuo aumento = ever-increasing.
    * en continuo cambio = constantly shifting, ever-changing [ever changing], ever-shifting.
    * en contra = counterpoint, against.
    * en contra de la guerra = antiwar [anti-war].
    * en contra de la opinión general = contrary to popular belief.
    * en contra de la raza blanca = anti-white [antiwhite].
    * en contra de la raza negra = antiblack [anti-black].
    * en contra de las circunstancias = against circumstances.
    * en contra de las instituciones = anti-establishment.
    * en contra del gobierno = anti-government.
    * en contraposición a = as opposed to, in contrast (to/with), in contradistinction to.
    * en contraste con = in contrast (to/with).
    * en contravención de = in contravention of.
    * en contubernio (con) = in cahoots (with).
    * en cooperación = cooperative [co-operative].
    * en cooperación con = in cooperation with.
    * en cooperativa = cooperatively [co-operatively].
    * en costras = caked.
    * en crisis = depressed, crisis-ridden, on the rocks.
    * en cuadernillo = in booklet form.
    * en cualquier caso = for that matter, in any event, in any case, in either case.
    * en cualquier domingo = on any given Sunday.
    * en cualquier lugar = everywhere, anywhere.
    * en cualquier momento = anytime, at any one time, at any point, at any point in time, at any time, at any moment, at any given point, at any moment in time, at any given moment, momentarily, on any given Sunday.
    * en cualquier momento en el futuro = at some stage.
    * en cualquier orden = either way round.
    * en cualquier otra circunstancia = in the normal run of things, in the normal run of events.
    * en cualquier otra parte = anywhere else, everywhere else.
    * en cualquier otra situación = in the normal run of things, in the normal run of events.
    * en cualquier otro lugar = anywhere else, everywhere else.
    * en cualquier otro momento = some other time.
    * en cualquier otro sitio = anywhere else.
    * en cualquier parte = anywhere, everywhere.
    * en cualquier sitio = everywhere, anywhere.
    * en cualquier situación = in any given situation.
    * en + Cuantificador + aspectos = in + Cuantificador + respects.
    * en + Cuantificador + sentidos = in + Cuantificador + respects.
    * en cuanto a = as to, in extent of, in regard to, in terms of, in the way of, with regard(s) to, as for, as regards, as to the matter of, in reference to, now as to, moving on to.
    * en cuanto a él = as for him.
    * en cuanto a ella = as for her.
    * en cuanto a ellos = as for them.
    * en cuanto a los hechos = factually.
    * en cuanto a mí = as for me.
    * en cuanto a nosotros = as for us.
    * en cuanto a ti = as for you.
    * en cuanto a usted = as for you.
    * en cuanto a vosotros = as for you.
    * en cuanto + nacer = at birth.
    * en cuanto que = in that.
    * en cuarto lugar = fourthly.
    * en cuatro niveles = quadraplaner.
    * en cuclicllas = in a squatting position.
    * en cuclillas = squat, in a squat position, in a crouching position.
    * en cueros = in the buff, in the nod, stark naked.
    * en cuestión = at hand, concerned, in hand, individual, at issue, of concern.
    * en cuestión de minutos = within minutes, in a matter of minutes.
    * en cuestión de segundos = within seconds, in a matter of seconds.
    * en cuestión de + Tiempo = in a matter of + Tiempo, within a matter of + Tiempo.
    * en cuestiones de = in matters of.
    * en cumplimiento con = in line with, in compliance with.
    * en cursiva = in italic type.
    * en curso = in process, underway [under way], in progress, ongoing [on-going], afoot, current, under preparation.
    * en curso de = in course of.
    * en cuyo caso = in which case.
    * en danza = on the run.
    * en decadencia = bankrupt.
    * en defensa propia = in self-defence.
    * en definitiva = in all, all in all, in the last analysis, in the final analysis, all things considered.
    * en definitiva, bien mirado, bien considerado = all things considered.
    * en demanda = in-demand.
    * en demasía = excess, to excess, excessively.
    * en desacuerdo = disapproving, at odds.
    * en desacuerdo con = at odds with.
    * en desarmonía con = out of tune with, out of keeping with.
    * en desarrollo = evolving, under development.
    * en descomposición = decaying, putrefying.
    * en desesperación = despairing, in despair.
    * en desuso = obsolete, disused.
    * en detalle = at length.
    * en deterioro = deteriorating, crumbling, decaying, dilapidated, disintegrating.
    * en determinadas ocasiones = sometimes, on particular occasions.
    * en detrimento de = to the detriment of, to + Posesivo + detriment, to the neglect of.
    * en diagonal = herringbone.
    * en días alternos = every other day.
    * en diferente grado = differing, in varying measures.
    * en diferente medida = differing, in varying measures.
    * en diferentes momentos = at various times, at different times.
    * en diferentes ocasiones = at different times, at various times.
    * en dificultades = stranded.
    * en dinero = monetised [monetized, -pl.].
    * en dirección de la proa = abaft.
    * en dirección este = eastward(s), eastbound.
    * en dirección norte = northbound.
    * en dirección oeste = westbound, westward(s).
    * en dirección sur = southward(s), southbound.
    * en disco = ondisc.
    * en disminución = dwindling, on the wane.
    * en + Distancia + a la redonda = within + Distancia.
    * en distinta medida = differing, in varying measures.
    * en distintas ocasiones = at different times, at various times, on several occasions.
    * en distinto grado = in varying measures, differing, to varying degrees.
    * en distintos formatos = multiform.
    * en distintos momentos = at different times, at various times.
    * en diversas lenguas = multilingually.
    * en diversas ocasiones = on several occasions.
    * en diverso grado = to varying extents, to varying degrees.
    * en diversos formatos = multiform.
    * en donde = where, wherein.
    * en dos años = over a two-year period.
    * en dos lenguas = bilingually.
    * en dos niveles = split-level.
    * en dos palabras = in a nutshell, in a nutshell.
    * en dos volúmenes = two-volume.
    * en duda = in doubt.
    * en edad de trabajar = working-age.
    * en efecto = to all intents and purposes, for all intents and purposes.
    * en ejercicio = incumbent, practising [practicing, -USA].
    * en el abandono = in the wilderness.
    * en el acto = ipso facto, outright, on the spot, while-you-wait [while-u-wait], at the drop of a hat.
    * en el aire = in mid-air, airborne.
    * en el ámbito de = in the realm of.
    * en el año catapún = in the dim and distant past.
    * en el año del Señor = in the year of our Lord.
    * en el año entrante = in the coming year.
    * en el año próximo = in the coming year.
    * en el año venidero = in the coming year.
    * en el área de + Lugar = Lugar + area.
    * en el asiento de atrás = in the back seat.
    * en el asiento trasero = in the back seat.
    * en el aula de clase = classroom-based.
    * en el banquillo = on the bench.
    * en el blanco de mira = in the spotlight, in the crosshairs.
    * en el camino = along the way, en route, in the process.
    * en el campo de = in the realm of, in the field of.
    * en el campus universitario = campus-based.
    * en el candelero = in the spotlight.
    * en el cargo = in the saddle, in office.
    * en el caso de = for, in association with, in the case of, in the event of, in case of, in the context of.
    * en (el) caso de que = in the event that, should, in case.
    * en el caso poco probable de que = in the unlikely case (that).
    * en el centro de = at the heart of.
    * en el cine = at the movies.
    * en el clima actual de = in the present climate of.
    * en el contexto de = in the realm of.
    * en el culo = in the bottom.
    * en el culo del mundo = in the arse of nowhere.
    * en el curso de la historia = in the course of history.
    * en el curso normal de = in the mainstream of.
    * en el curso normal de las cosas = in the normal run of things, in the normal run of events.
    * en el curso normal de las cosas, en el curso normal de los acontecimientos, = in the normal run of things.
    * en el curso normal de los acontecimientos = in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.
    * en el desierto = in the wilderness.
    * en el detalle = in detail.
    * en el día a día = in the day to day, in the trenches.
    * en el dique seco = in dry dock, in the wilderness.
    * en el eje = at the core (of).
    * en el entorno de = in the realm of.
    * en el escenario = on stage.
    * en el escenario mundial = on the world stage.
    * en el espacio = spatially.
    * en el estricto sentido de la palabra = strictly speaking.
    * en el estudio = at study, at study.
    * en el extranjero = abroad, overseas, offshore.
    * en el extremo opuesto = at the far end.
    * en el fin de semana = over the weekend, over the weekend, at the weekend.
    * en el foco de atención = in the spotlight.
    * en el fondo = at heart, deep down, in the back of + Posesivo + mind, in the back of + Posesivo + head, at the back of + Posesivo + head, bottom line, the, in the bottom.
    * en el fondo de = at the root of.
    * en el futuro = Número + Tiempo + ahead, down the road, in future, in time(s) to come, at + future date, in (the) years to come, at some future time, in the years to come, in the years ahead, in years to come, at some future point, in the future, for future reference, for the years to come.
    * en el futuro a largo plazo = in the long-term future.
    * en el futuro cercano = in the foreseeable future.
    * en el futuro inmediato = in the offing, in the foreseeable future.
    * en el futuro lejano = further in the future.
    * en el haber de Uno = under + Posesivo + belt.
    * en el horario de trabajo = on company time.
    * en el horizonte = on the horizon.
    * en el hospital = at the bedside.
    * en el improbable caso de que = in the unlikely case (that).
    * en el instante en que + Subjuntivo = the moment + Verbo.
    * en el ínterin = in the interim, in the intervening years, in the intervening period, ad interim.
    * en el juego = at play.
    * en el lado negativo = on the debit side, on the negative side, on the downside.
    * en el lado positivo = on the credit side, on the positive side, on the plus side, on the bright side.
    * en ello = therein, thereupon [thereon].
    * en el lugar del accidente = at the scene, at the scene of the accident.
    * en el lugar de los hechos = at the scene.
    * en el mandato = in office.
    * en el mando = at the wheel.
    * en el mar = at sea.
    * en el marco de = within the ambit of, within the bounds of.
    * en el más allá = dead and gone.
    * en el mayor secreto = a veil of secrecy.
    * en el mejor de los casos = at best, at most, ideally, in the best of circumstances, the best case scenario, at the most, at the best of times, at the very best.
    * en el mejor momento de Uno = at + Posesivo + (very) best.
    * en el mismo centro (de) = plumb in the middle (of).
    * en el mismo número de años = in as many years.
    * en el mismo orden que = in sync with.
    * en el momento = on the spot.
    * en el momento actual = in this day and age, at the present time.
    * en el momento adecuado = at the right time.
    * en el momento de = at the time (that/of).
    * en el momento de escribir estas líneas = at the time of writing.
    * en el momento de la impresión = at the time of going to print.
    * en el momento en que se necesita = at the point-of-need, at the point of use, point of use.
    * en el momento en que + Subjuntivo = the moment + Verbo.
    * en el momento justo = on cue.
    * en el momento más débil de Alguien = at + Posesivo + weakest.
    * en el momento oportuno = at the right time, not a moment too soon, not a minute too soon.
    * en el momento peor de Alguien = at + Posesivo + weakest.
    * en el mundo = on the face of the earth, on the world stage.
    * en el mundo antiguo = in antiquity.
    * en el mundo entero = all over the world, worldwide [world-wide], all around the world, throughout the world, around the planet, the world over.
    * en el mundo que nos rodea = out there.
    * en el nivel básico = at grass roots level.
    * en el nivel intermedio de = in the middle range of.
    * en el nivel medio de = in the middle range of.
    * en el norte del estado = upstate.
    * en el núcleo = at the core (of).
    * en el ocaso = over the hill.
    * en el ojo del huracán = in the eye of the storm, in the eye of the hurricane.
    * en el orden del día = on the agenda.
    * en el origen (de) = in the early days (of).
    * en el otro extremo = at the other extreme.
    * en el otro extremo de la escala = at the other end of the scale, at the other end of the spectrum, at the other extreme.
    * en el país de los ciegos el tuerto es el rey = in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king, in the country of the blind, the one-eyed man is king, in the kingdom of the blind, the one-eyed man is king.
    * en el país de los ciegos el tuerto es el rey = be a case of the blind leading the blind.
    * en el pasado = in the past, in past eras, at some point in the past, in years gone by, in days gone by, in former times.
    * en el pasado remoto = in the dim and distant past.
    * en el peor de los casos = at worst, in the worst of circumstances, at + Posesivo + very worst, the worst case scenario, at + Posesivo + worst, in the worst case.
    * en el período penoso de = in the throes of.
    * en el período previo a = in the run up to, during the run up to.
    * en el piso de abajo = downstairs.
    * en el piso de arriba = upstairs.
    * en el poder = in office.
    * en el primer caso = in the former case.
    * en el proceso = in the process.
    * en el propio campus universitario = campus-based.
    * en el propio cortijo = on-farm.
    * en el próximo año = in the year ahead, in the coming year.
    * en el puesto de dirección = in the hot seat.
    * en el punto álgido de = at the height of.
    * en el punto de mira = in the spotlight, in the crosshairs.
    * en el que = wherein.
    * en el que se puede buscar = searchable.
    * en el quinto coño = in the arse of nowhere.
    * en el quinto pino = in the arse of nowhere.
    * en el quirófano = under the knife.
    * en el resto = everywhere else.
    * en el resto de = elsewhere.
    * en el seguimiento de = in the pursuit of.
    * en el segundo caso = in the latter case.
    * en el seno de = within, among.
    * en el sentido de las agujas del reloj = clockwise.
    * en el sentido de que = in the sense that, along the lines that, in that.
    * en el sentido más amplio = in the broadest sense, in the widest sense.
    * en el sentido más general = in the broadest sense.
    * en el sentido que = in which.
    * en el timón = in the saddle.
    * en el trabajo = on-the-job, at work.
    * en el transcurso de = throughout the course of, throughout the course of, in the course of, during the course of, over the course of, throughout.
    * en el transcurso de algunos años = over a period of years.
    * en el transcurso de la historia = in the course of history.
    * en el transcurso de los siglos = over the course of the centuries.
    * en el transcurso normal de + Posesivo + vida(s) = in the normal course of + Posesivo + life/lives.
    * en el trasfondo de = at the root of.
    * en el último caso = in the latter case.
    * en el último minuto = last minute [last-minute], at the last minute.
    * en el último momento = at the eleventh hour, at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last, at the last minute.
    * en el umbral de = on the threshold of.
    * en el vuelo = in-flight.
    * en entrante = recessed.
    * en entredicho = under challenge.
    * en episodios = episodic.
    * en época de carnaval = carnivalistically.
    * en época de feria = carnivalistically.
    * en época de paz = in peacetime, during peacetime.
    * en épocas anteriores = in former times, in past eras.
    * en épocas de = in times of.
    * en épocas de guerra = in time(s) of war.
    * en épocas de paz = in time(s) of peace.
    * en épocas de prosperidad económica = in affluent times.
    * en épocas difíciles = in times of need.
    * en épocas pasadas = in past ages.
    * en escamas = flaky.
    * en ese caso = in that case.
    * en ese mismo instante = at that very moment.
    * en ese mismo momento = at that very moment.
    * en ese momento = at that point, at this point, at that time, just then, at that point in time.
    * en esencia = in essence, essentially.
    * en ese sentido = on that score, to that effect.
    * en esos casos = in those cases.
    * en espacios cerrados = indoors.
    * en especial = especially (specially), notably, specially (especially).
    * en especie = in kind.
    * en espera = on hold.
    * en espiga = herringbone.
    * en esta coyuntura = at this juncture.
    * en estado = pregnant, in the family way.
    * en estado de abandono = decaying, dilapidated, dilapidated.
    * en estado de alerta = on alert.
    * en estado de alerta, de guardia = on standby.
    * en estado de buena esperanza = pregnant, in the family way.
    * en estado de cambio = in a state of flux.
    * en estado de descomposición = decaying.
    * en estado de deterioro = decaying, dilapidated.
    * en estado de reserva = on standby.
    * en estado de reserva, en estado de alerta, de guardia = on standby.
    * en estado de sitio = in a state of siege, under siege.
    * en estado embrionario = embryo, embryonic, in embryonic stage, in embryo, in the embryo stage.
    * en esta época del año = around this time of year.
    * en esta ocasión = on this occasion.
    * en estas circunstancias = under these circumstances.
    * en esta situación = at this juncture.
    * en este caso = in this case.
    * en este contexto = against this background.
    * en este documento = herein, herewith, hereto.
    * en este extremo = to this extent.
    * en este grado = to this extent.
    * en este mismo sentido = along the same lines.
    * en este momento = at this point, at this stage, at this juncture, at this time, at this moment in time, right now.
    * en este período = in the course of events, during the course of events.
    * en este sentido = along these lines, in this connection, in this direction, in this sense, in this vein, in this spirit, in this regard, in this effort, in that spirit, on this score, to that effect.
    * en estos casos = in these cases.
    * en estos días = today, these days.
    * en estos tiempos = in these times, in this day and age.
    * en estrecha colaboración = in close collaboration.
    * en estrecha colaboración con = hand-in-glove with.
    * en estuche = boxed.
    * en excelente estado = in tip-top condition, in tip-top form.
    * en excelentes condiciones = in tip-top condition, in tip-top form.
    * en exceso = overflow, overflowing, excessively, excess, to excess.
    * en exclusiva = exclusively.
    * en existencia = in existence.
    * en expansión = expanded.
    * en exposición = on exhibit, on show, on display.
    * en + Expresión Temporal = as of + Expresión Temporal, come + Expresión Temporal.
    * en extensión = in length.
    * en extenso = at length, in full.
    * en extremo = no end, to no end.
    * en fase terminal = terminally ill.
    * en favor de = in favour of.
    * en flor = in full blossom, in blossom.
    * en forma = fit [fitter -comp., fittest -sup.], toned.
    * en forma de = in the form of, in the shape of.
    * en forma de A = A-shaped.
    * en forma de arco = arched, bowed.
    * en forma de capa = cape-like.
    * en forma de cruz = cross-shaped.
    * en forma de cuadrado = square-shaped.
    * en forma de cuña = wedge-shaped.
    * en forma de cúpula = dome-shaped, domed.
    * en forma de D = d-shaped.
    * en forma de estrella = star-shaped [star shaped].
    * en forma de L = L-shaped.
    * en forma de libro = in book form.
    * en forma de medialuna = crescent-shaped.
    * en forma de parásito = parasitically.
    * en forma de pera = pear-shaped.
    * en forma de pirámide = pyramidal-shaped.
    * en forma de trompeta = trumpet-shaped.
    * en forma de U = U-shaped.
    * en forma de V = V-shaped.
    * en forma física = physically fit.
    * en forma física y mental = physically and mentally fit.
    * en forma ovalada = oval-shaped.
    * en forma piramidal = pyramidal-shaped.
    * en formato de libro moderno = in codex form.
    * en formato digital = digitally.
    * en formato electrónico = in electronic form.
    * en formato MARC = in MARC form.
    * en formato papel = paper-based, in hard copy.
    * en frente = ahead, in front.
    * en frente de = in front of.
    * en funcionamiento = in operation.
    * en función de = according to, as a function of, depending on/upon.
    * en general = at large, by and large, for the most part, generally, in general, in the main, on balance, on the whole, overall, all in all, broadly, as a whole, generally speaking.
    * en germinación = budding.
    * en gestación = in the making.
    * en grado mínimo = minimally.
    * en gran cantidad = prodigiously.
    * en grandes cantidades = en masse, in good number, in record numbers, in bulk.
    * en grandes números = in record numbers.
    * en gran formato = oversize, oversized.
    * en gran medida = broadly, by and large, extensively, greatly, heavily, largely, to a considerable extent, to a high degree, to a large extent, tremendously, vastly, very much, keenly, in no small way, to any great degree, in many ways, in large part, in large measure, in no small measure, to a great extent, to a large degree, to a great degree.
    * en gran número = numerously.
    * en gran parte

    * * *
    en
    1
    (refiriéndose a una ciudad, un edificio): viven en París/en una granja/en el número diez/en un hotel they live in Paris/on a farm/at number ten/in a hotel
    en el quinto piso on the sixth ( AmE) o ( BrE) fifth floor
    viven en la calle Goya they live on o ( BrE) in Goya Street
    nos quedamos en casa we stayed home ( AmE), we stayed at home ( BrE)
    métete en la cama get into bed
    lo puso en una caja he put it in a box
    metió la mano en el conducto she stuck her hand into ( o down etc) the pipe
    3 (sobre) on
    lo puso en la mesa/pared he put it on the table/wall
    se sentó en una silla/en un sillón she sat down on a chair/in an armchair
    tendrás que dormir en el suelo you'll have to sleep on the floor
    se le nota en la cara you can see it in his face
    B
    1 (expresando circunstancias, ambiente, medio) in
    vivir en armonía con la naturaleza to live in harmony with nature
    2
    de … en …: van de casa en casa/de puerta en puerta pidiendo dinero they go from house to house/from door to door asking for money
    nos tienes de sorpresa en sorpresa you're full of surprises
    C
    1 ‹un tema/una especialidad/una cualidad›
    es licenciado en filosofía he has a degree in philosophy
    es un experto en la materia he's an expert on the subject
    es muy bueno en historia he's very good at history
    supera a su hermana en inteligencia she surpasses her sister in intelligence
    2 ‹una proporción/un precio›
    ha aumentado en un diez por ciento it has gone up by ten per cent
    me lo vendió en $30 he sold it to me for $30
    las pérdidas se calcularon en $50.000 the losses were calculated at $50,000
    D
    1 ‹un estado/una manera› in
    en buenas/malas condiciones in good/bad condition
    un edificio en llamas a building in flames o on fire
    nos recibió en camisón he received us in his nightshirt
    con los músculos en tensión with (his) muscles tensed
    en posición vertical in an upright position
    2
    (con forma de): termina en punta it's pointed, it ends in o comes to a point
    colóquense en círculo get into o in a circle
    Luis Girón en el Alcalde Luis Girón as the Mayor
    pensamos ir en taxi/en coche/en barco we plan to go by taxi/by car/by boat
    ¿fueron en tren? — no, en avión did you go by train? — no, by plane o no, we flew
    fueron en bicicleta they cycled, they went on their bikes
    fuimos a dar una vuelta en coche we went for a drive o we went for a ride in the car
    E
    1
    (expresando el material): un modelo realizado en seda natural an outfit in natural silk
    ¿lo tienen en azul/(un) 38? do you have it in blue/a 38?
    una obra en tres actos a play in three acts
    ¿cuánto pesas en kilos? how much do you weigh in kilos?
    en ruso/en el código Morse in Russian/in Morse Code
    F
    (en expresiones de tiempo): en verano in (the) summer
    en mayo/1947 in May/1947
    en varias ocasiones on several occasions
    llegó justo en ese momento she arrived just at that moment, just then she arrived
    en la mañana/tarde ( esp AmL); in the morning/afternoon
    en la noche ( esp AmL); at night
    no vi a nadie en todo el día I didn't see anybody all day
    G
    no hay nada de malo en lo que hacen there's nothing wrong in what they're doing
    en + INF:
    tardó media hora en resolverlo it took her half an hour to work it out
    siempre es el último en salir he's always the last to leave
    2
    (con complementos de persona): en él ha encontrado un amigo she's found a friend in him
    problemas que se dan en las personas de edad problems which affect old people
    * * *

     

    Multiple Entries:
    en    
    en.
    en preposición
    1 ( en expresiones de lugar)
    a) (refiriéndose a ciudad, edificio):

    viven en París/en el número diez/en un hotel they live in Paris/at number ten/in a hotel;

    en el último piso on the top floor;
    está en la calle Goya it's on o (BrE) in Goya Street;
    en casa at home
    b) ( dentro de) in;


    c) ( sobre) on;


    se le nota en la cara you can see it in his face
    2 (expresando circunstancias, ambiente) in;

    3
    a) (indicando tema, especialidad):


    doctor en derecho Doctor of Law
    b) (indicando proporción, precio):


    en dólares in dollars
    4
    a) (indicando estado, manera) in;


    en llamas in flames, on fire


    colóquense en círculo get into o in a circle


    fueron en bicicleta they cycled, they went on their bikes;
    dimos una vuelta en coche we went for a ride in the car
    5


    una escultura en bronce a bronze (sculpture)

    en azul/ruso in blue/Russian

    6 ( con expresiones de tiempo):

    en varias ocasiones on several occasions;
    en la mañana/noche (esp AmL) in the morning/at night
    7


    fuí el último en salir I was the last to leave


    en preposición
    1 (lugar) in, on, at: nos encontramos en el autobús, we met on the bus
    en Barcelona/Río, in Barcelona/Rio
    en el cajón, in the drawer
    en casa/el trabajo, at home/work
    (sobre) en la mesa, on the table
    2 (tiempo) in, on, at: cae en lunes, it falls on a Monday
    en 1975, in 1975
    en ese preciso instante, at that very moment
    en un minuto, in a minute
    en primavera, in spring
    LAm en la mañana, in the morning
    3 (modo) en bata, in a dressing gown
    en francés, in French
    en serio, seriously
    4 (medio) by, in: puede venir en avión/ coche/metro/tren, she can come by air/car/tube/train
    ¿por qué no vienes en avión?, why don't you fly?
    5 (movimiento) into: entró en la habitación, he went into the room
    entró en escena, he went on stage
    6 (tema, materia) at, in
    es muy bueno en matemáticas, he's very good at maths
    experto en finanzas, expert in finances
    7 (partición, fases) in: hicimos el viaje en dos etapas, we did the journey in two stages
    8 (de... en...) entraremos de tres en tres, we shall go in three by three
    9 (con infinitivo) fue rápido en desenfundar, he was quick to pull out
    se le nota la timidez en el hablar, you can notice his shyness by the way he speaks
    'en' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - abajo
    - abarrotada
    - abarrotado
    - abasto
    - abatimiento
    - abdicar
    - abierta
    - abierto
    - abogar
    - abogada
    - abogado
    - abominar
    - abonada
    - abonado
    - abordar
    - abrir
    - abreviar
    - absoluta
    - absoluto
    - absorta
    - absorto
    - abstracta
    - abstracto
    - abstraída
    - abstraído
    - abuela
    - abundar
    - abundancia
    - abundante
    - abusar
    - acabar
    - academia
    - acariciar
    - acceder
    - acentuar
    - achantarse
    - achatamiento
    - achuchar
    - acoger
    - acomodar
    - acompañar
    - aconsejar
    - acontecer
    - acordar
    - acordarse
    - acostada
    - acostado
    - acostumbrada
    - acostumbrado
    English:
    A
    - aback
    - abdicate
    - abide
    - ablaze
    - able
    - above
    - above-board
    - abreast
    - abroad
    - abscess
    - absence
    - absent
    - absolutely
    - absorbed
    - abstract
    - abundant
    - academic
    - academy
    - accent
    - access
    - account
    - accustom
    - acknowledgement
    - acquiesce
    - acquire
    - act
    - acting
    - action
    - active
    - actually
    - add
    - add in
    - addition
    - adept
    - adequate
    - administration
    - admission
    - admit
    - advance
    - advantage
    - adventure
    - advertise
    - advertising
    - affair
    - affect
    - afford
    - afloat
    - afraid
    - after
    * * *
    EN nm (abrev de Encuentro Nacional)
    = Paraguayan political party
    * * *
    en
    prp
    1 ( dentro de) in;
    en un mes in a month;
    en junio in June;
    en casa at home;
    en el cielo in heaven
    2 ( sobre) on;
    en la mesa on the table;
    en la calle on the street, Br tb in the street
    :
    en coche/tren by car/train
    4
    :
    en inglés in English;
    póngamelo en la cuenta put it on my account;
    aumentar en un 10 % grow (by) 10%, increase (by) 10%
    * * *
    en prep
    1) : in
    en el bolsillo: in one's pocket
    en una semana: in a week
    2) : on
    en la mesa: on the table
    3) : at
    en casa: at home
    en el trabajo: at work
    en ese momento: at that moment
    * * *
    en prep
    ¿en qué calle vives? which street do you live in?
    2. (edificios, fiestas específicas) at
    3. (superficies, días concretos) on

    Spanish-English dictionary > en

  • 9 plan

    I.
    plan1 [plɑ̃]
    1. masculine noun
       a. [de maison, machine, dissertation] plan ; [de ville, région] map
       b. ( = surface) plane
       c. (Cinema, photography) shot
       d. ( = niveau) level
    au plan national/international at the national/international level
       e. ( = projet) plan
    plan de relance or de redressement de l'économie economic recovery plan
    laisser en plan (inf) [+ personne] to leave in the lurch ; [+ affaires, projet, travail] to abandon
       f. ( = idée) (inf) idea
    c'est un super plan ! it's a great idea!
    plan d'eau ( = lac) lake
    II.
    plan2, e [plɑ̃, plan]
    adjective
       a. ( = plat) flat
    * * *

    1.
    plane plɑ̃, plan adjectif
    1) gén flat, even
    2) Mathématique, Physique plane

    2.
    nom masculin
    1) ( carte) (de ville, métro) map; ( dans un bâtiment) plan, map
    2) Architecture, Construction, Bâtiment plan
    4) Mathématique, Physique plane
    5) ( de dissertation) plan
    6) Cinéma, Photographie ( image) shot

    second plan — middle-distance; gros

    7) ( niveau) level

    être relégué au second plan[personne, problème] to be relegated to the background

    de (tout) premier plan[personnalité] leading (épith); [œuvre] key, major

    8) ( projet) plan, programme [BrE]

    j'ai un bon plan (colloq) pour voyager pas cher — I know a good way of travelling [BrE] cheaply

    c'est (pas) le bon plan — (colloq) it's (not) a good idea

    Phrasal Verbs:
    ••

    laisser quelqu'un en plan — (colloq) to leave somebody in the lurch, to leave somebody high and dry

    laisser quelque chose en plan — (colloq) to leave something unfinished

    * * *
    plɑ̃, plan plan, -e
    1. adj
    (surface) flat
    2. nm
    1) (= carte) map
    3) (= schéma directeur) plan
    4) (= projet personnel) plan
    5) * (= idée) idea
    6) (= point de vue)

    Sur le plan de l'équipement, cela laisse encore beaucoup à désirer. — As far as equipment is concerned, it still leaves a lot to be desired.

    sur le plan sexuel — sexually, as far as sex is concerned

    7) MATHÉMATIQUE plane
    8) CINÉMA shot
    9)
    * * *
    A adj
    1 gén [surface] flat, even;
    2 Math, Phys plane.
    B nm
    1 ( carte) (de région, ville, métro) map; (dans bâtiment, domaine, paquebot) plan, map; je te fais un plan pour que tu ne te perdes pas I'll draw you a map so you won't get lost;
    2 Archit, Constr plan; tirer des plans to draw up plans; c'est lui qui a fait les plans de sa maison he drew up the plans for his house himself; acheter/vendre une maison sur plan to buy/sell a house on architect's plans;
    3 Ind, Tech (de machine, d'appareil) ( schéma directeur) blueprint; ( après construction) plan; les plans du nouvel avion de chasse the blueprint for the new fighter plane;
    4 Math, Phys plane;
    5 ( canevas) outline, framework, plan; fais un plan au lieu de rédiger directement draw up a plan before you start writing; plan détaillé detailed plan;
    6 Cin, Phot ( image) shot; montage plan par plan shot-to-shot editing; premier plan foreground; second plan middle-distance; au premier plan in the foreground; au second plan in the middle distance; ⇒ gros;
    7 ( niveau) level; mettre deux personnes sur le même plan fig to put two people at the same level; cette question vient au premier plan de sa campagne électorale this issue is at the forefront of his electoral campaign; ce dossier est au premier plan de l'actualité this issue is front- page news ou is at the forefront of the news; être relégué au second plan [personne, problème] to be relegated to the background, to take a back seat; de (tout) premier plan [personnalité] leading ( épith); [œuvre] key, major; de second plan second-rate; sur le plan politique/économique/personnel from a political/an economic/a personal point of view, in political/economic/personal terms; sur le plan de l'efficacité from the point of view of efficiency, in terms of efficiency; au plan régional/national at regional/national level;
    8 ( projet) plan, programmeGB; un plan pour l'emploi a plan for employment, an employment programmeGB; un plan anti-inflation an anti-inflation plan ou programmeGB; le gouvernement a présenté son plan de relance économique the government has presented its plan to boost the economy; j'ai un plan, voilà ce qu'on va faire I have a plan, here's what we'll do; j'ai un bon plan pour voyager pas cher/entrer gratuitement I know a good way of travellingGB cheaply/getting in free; on se fait un plan restaurant? shall we go out for a meal?; ⇒ comète.
    plan d'action plan of action; plan américain Cin thigh shot; plan d'amortissement repayment schedule ou plan; plan de campagne plan of campaign; plan de carrière career plan; plan comptable code of legal requirements in accounting practice; plan directeur Mil battle map; Écon master plan; plan d'eau man-made lake; plan d'ensemble Cin long shot; plan d'épargne savings plan; plan épargne entreprise, PEE company savings plan; plan d'épargne logement, PEL savings scheme entitling depositor to cheap mortgage; plan d'épargne retraite top-up pension scheme; plan de faille fault plane; plan fixe Cin static shot; plan incliné inclined plane; en plan incliné sloping; plan de masse overall building plan; plan de métro map of the underground GB ou subway US; plan moyen Cin medium close-up; plan d'occupation des sols, POS land use plan; plan quinquennal five-year plan; plan rapproché Cin waist shot; plan social Écon, Entr planned redundancy scheme GB, scheduled lay-off program US; plan de travail ( pour projet) working schedule; ( surface) worktop; plan d'urbanisme urban planning policy; plan de vol flight plan.
    laisser qn en plan to leave sb in the lurch, to leave sb high and dry; laisser qch en plan to leave sth unfinished; il a tout laissé en plan pour la rejoindre à Rome he dropped everything to go and join her in Rome; rester en plan [personne] to be left stranded ou high and dry; [projets] to be left unfinished.
    I
    ( féminin plane) [plɑ̃, plan] adjectif
    1. [miroir] plane
    [surface] flat
    II
    [plɑ̃] nom masculin
    A.
    1. [surface plane] plane
    2. CONSTRUCTION [surface] surface
    plan de travail [d'une cuisine] worktop, working surface
    3. ART & PHOTOGRAPHIE plane
    gros plan, plan serré close-up
    plan général/moyen/rapproché long/medium/close shot
    plan horizontal/incliné/médian/tangent level/inclined/median/tangent plane
    B.
    1. [projet] plan, project
    ne vous inquiétez pas, j'ai un plan (familier) don't worry, I've got a plan
    2. [structure] plan, framework, outline
    plan comptable FINANCE ≃ Statement of Standard Accounting Practices
    plan de licenciement, plan social planned redundancy scheme
    C.
    1. [carte] map, plan
    2. ARCHITECTURE [dessin] plan, blueprint (US)
    plan d'une machine/voiture blueprint of a machine/car
    ————————
    de second plan locution adjectivale
    [artiste, personnalité] second-rate
    ————————
    en plan locution adverbiale
    ————————
    sur le plan de locution prépositionnelle
    as regards, as far as... is concerned
    ————————
    plan d'eau nom masculin
    [artificiel] reservoir
    [ornemental] (ornamental) lake
    ————————
    premier plan nom masculin
    de (tout) premier plan [personnage] leading, prominent
    Plan VIGIPIRATE is a series of measures to fight against terrorist attacks. There are two levels: simple and renforcé. Vigipirate includes monitoring public buildings, public transportation system. Other measures such as no parking near school buildings can also be applied.

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > plan

  • 10 sector

    m.
    1 section.
    el sector automovilístico the motor industry
    sector cuaternario leisure industries o sector
    sector primario/secundario primary/secondary sector
    sector privado/público private/public sector
    sector servicios o terciario service industries o sector
    2 sector, area (zona).
    * * *
    1 (gen) sector
    3 figurado (parte) section
    \
    sector primario / sector secundario / sector terciario primary industry / secondary industry / tertiary industry
    sector privado / sector público private sector / public sector
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (Econ, Geom) sector

    sector terciario — tertiary sector, service industries pl, service sector

    2) (=sección) [de opinión] section; [de ciudad] area, sector

    sector industrial Col industrial estate (Brit), industrial park (EEUU)

    * * *
    a) ( grupo) sector, group
    b) (Mat) sector
    c) ( de ciudad) area
    d) (Com, Econ) sector
    * * *
    = end, section, sector, segment, sphere.
    Ex. Scanning must start to the left of the bar codes and must continue past the right end.
    Ex. Plainly such representative sections may not be present in many documents, but sometimes an extract from the results, conclusions or recommendations of a document may serve to identify the key issues covered by the entire document.
    Ex. DC is certainly not regarded as the perfect classification scheme even in sectors where there is no serious alternative.
    Ex. No such constraints exist where online display is anticipated, since only one segment at a time is displayed.
    Ex. I am not convinced that people become connoisseurs -- experts: educated and discriminating people in any sphere -- from limited knowledge and experience, no matter how rich in quality.
    ----
    * dirigido a un sector de la población específico = sector-orientated.
    * disco de sectores blandos = soft sectored disc.
    * en algunos sectores = in some quarters.
    * en algunos sectores de la población = in some quarters.
    * en muchos sectores = in many quarters.
    * en muchos sectores de la población = in many quarters.
    * establecer sectores = sectoring.
    * industria del sector turístico = tourism industry.
    * sector académico, el = academic sector, the.
    * sector agrícola = agricultural sector.
    * sector bancario, el = banking sector, the.
    * sector bibliotecario = library sector.
    * sector blando = soft sector.
    * sector comercial, el = profit-oriented sector, the, profit sector, the, commercial sector, the, for-profit sector, the.
    * sector de la cría de cerdos, el = pig sector, the.
    * sector de la edición, el = publishing sector, the.
    * sector de la industria farmacéutica, el = pharmaceutical sector, the.
    * sector de la información, el = information sector, the, infosphere, the.
    * sector de las agencias de viajes, el = travel industry, the, travel sector, the.
    * sector del censo = census tract.
    * sector duro = hard sector.
    * sector editorial, el = publishing sector, the.
    * sector empresarial, el = business sector, the, commercial sector, the.
    * sectores = quarters.
    * sector financiero, el = finance sector, the.
    * sector industrial, el = industrial sector, the.
    * sector lácteo, el = dairy sector, the.
    * sector lechero, el = dairy sector, the.
    * sector marginado = deprived sector.
    * sector más avanzado = high end.
    * sector no comercial, el = not-for-profit sector, the, non-profit sector, the.
    * sector privado = private enterprise.
    * sector privado, el = private sector, the, profit sector, the.
    * sector público, el = public sector, the.
    * sector superior = high end.
    * sector terciario = third sector.
    * * *
    a) ( grupo) sector, group
    b) (Mat) sector
    c) ( de ciudad) area
    d) (Com, Econ) sector
    * * *
    = end, section, sector, segment, sphere.

    Ex: Scanning must start to the left of the bar codes and must continue past the right end.

    Ex: Plainly such representative sections may not be present in many documents, but sometimes an extract from the results, conclusions or recommendations of a document may serve to identify the key issues covered by the entire document.
    Ex: DC is certainly not regarded as the perfect classification scheme even in sectors where there is no serious alternative.
    Ex: No such constraints exist where online display is anticipated, since only one segment at a time is displayed.
    Ex: I am not convinced that people become connoisseurs -- experts: educated and discriminating people in any sphere -- from limited knowledge and experience, no matter how rich in quality.
    * dirigido a un sector de la población específico = sector-orientated.
    * disco de sectores blandos = soft sectored disc.
    * en algunos sectores = in some quarters.
    * en algunos sectores de la población = in some quarters.
    * en muchos sectores = in many quarters.
    * en muchos sectores de la población = in many quarters.
    * establecer sectores = sectoring.
    * industria del sector turístico = tourism industry.
    * sector académico, el = academic sector, the.
    * sector agrícola = agricultural sector.
    * sector bancario, el = banking sector, the.
    * sector bibliotecario = library sector.
    * sector blando = soft sector.
    * sector comercial, el = profit-oriented sector, the, profit sector, the, commercial sector, the, for-profit sector, the.
    * sector de la cría de cerdos, el = pig sector, the.
    * sector de la edición, el = publishing sector, the.
    * sector de la industria farmacéutica, el = pharmaceutical sector, the.
    * sector de la información, el = information sector, the, infosphere, the.
    * sector de las agencias de viajes, el = travel industry, the, travel sector, the.
    * sector del censo = census tract.
    * sector duro = hard sector.
    * sector editorial, el = publishing sector, the.
    * sector empresarial, el = business sector, the, commercial sector, the.
    * sectores = quarters.
    * sector financiero, el = finance sector, the.
    * sector industrial, el = industrial sector, the.
    * sector lácteo, el = dairy sector, the.
    * sector lechero, el = dairy sector, the.
    * sector marginado = deprived sector.
    * sector más avanzado = high end.
    * sector no comercial, el = not-for-profit sector, the, non-profit sector, the.
    * sector privado = private enterprise.
    * sector privado, el = private sector, the, profit sector, the.
    * sector público, el = public sector, the.
    * sector superior = high end.
    * sector terciario = third sector.

    * * *
    1 (grupo) sector, group
    ningún sector social se puede beneficiar de estas medidas no sector of society o no social group can benefit from these measures
    2 ( Mat) sector
    el sector norte de la ciudad the northern area o part of the city
    4 ( Com, Econ) sector
    este sector de la economía this sector o area of the economy
    la empresa líder en su sector the leading company in its field
    el sector agrario the agricultural sector o industry, agriculture
    Compuestos:
    agricultural sector o industry
    used o second-hand car market
    aviation industry
    construction industry
    auto industry ( AmE), motor industry ( BrE), car industry ( BrE)
    air transportation sector ( AmE), air transport sector ( BrE)
    service o tertiary sector
    business o corporate sector
    ( Col) (actividad) industrial sector; (zona) industrial area o zone, industrial estate ( BrE)
    primary sector
    private sector
    public sector
    secondary o manufacturing sector
    tertiary o service sector
    * * *

     

    sector sustantivo masculino

    b) (Mat) sector


    d) (Com, Econ) sector

    sector sustantivo masculino
    1 (de una ciudad, edificio, etc) area
    2 (de un grupo) sector
    3 Geom Econ sector
    sector primario/ secundario, primary/secondary sector
    sector público/privado, public/private sector
    ' sector' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    marginar
    - sabática
    - sabático
    - siderúrgica
    - siderúrgico
    - agrario
    - banca
    - bancario
    - cabeza
    - empresa
    - este
    - informal
    - oeste
    - segmento
    - sudeste
    - sudoeste
    - sur
    English:
    banking
    - bracket
    - down-market
    - industrial unrest
    - put
    - section
    - sector
    - service industry
    - service sector
    - downmarket
    - enterprise
    - manufacturing
    - muscle
    - private
    - public
    - segment
    - service
    * * *
    sector nm
    1. [división] section;
    todos los sectores de la sociedad the whole of society
    2. Econ sector, industry;
    el líder del sector the industry leader
    sector cuaternario leisure industries o sector;
    sector exterior foreign sector;
    sector primario primary sector;
    sector privado private sector;
    sector público public sector;
    sector secundario secondary sector;
    sector servicios service industries o sector;
    sector terciario service industries o sector
    3. [zona] sector, area;
    en el sector norte de la ciudad in the northern area o part of the city
    4. Geom sector
    * * *
    m sector
    * * *
    sector nm
    : sector
    * * *
    3. (de industria) sector / industry [pl. industries]
    el sector privado / público the private / public sector

    Spanish-English dictionary > sector

  • 11 Bright, Sir Charles Tilston

    SUBJECT AREA: Telecommunications
    [br]
    b. 8 June 1832 Wanstead, Essex, England
    d. 3 May 1888 Abbey Wood, London, England
    [br]
    English telegraph engineer responsible for laying the first transatlantic cable.
    [br]
    At the age of 15 years Bright left the London Merchant Taylors' School to join the two-year-old Electric Telegraph Company. By 1851 he was in charge of the Birmingham telegraph station. After a short time as Assistant Engineer with the newly formed British Telegraph Company, he joined his brother (who was Manager) as Engineer-in-Chief of the English and Irish Magnetic Telegraph Company in Liverpool, for which he laid thousands of miles of underground cable and developed a number of innovations in telegraphy including a resistance box for locating cable faults and a two-tone bell system for signalling. In 1853 he was responsible for the first successful underwater cable between Scotland and Ireland. Three years later, with the American financier Cyrus Field and John Brett, he founded and was Engineer-in-chief of the Atlantic Telegraph Company, which aimed at laying a cable between Ireland and Newfoundland. After several unsuccessful attempts this was finally completed on 5 August 1858, Bright was knighted a month later, but the cable then failed! In 1860 Bright resigned from the Magnetic Telegraph Company to set up an independent consultancy with another engineer, Joseph Latimer Clark, with whom he invented an improved bituminous cable insulation. Two years later he supervised construction of a telegraph cable to India, and in 1865 a further attempt to lay an Atlantic cable using Brunel's new ship, the Great Eastern. This cable broke during laying, but in 1866 a new cable was at last successfully laid and the 1865 cable recovered and repaired. The year 1878 saw extension of the Atlantic cable system to the West Indies and the invention with his brother of a system of neighbourhood fire alarms and even an automatic fire alarm.
    In 1861 Bright presented a paper to the British Association for the Advancement of Science on the need for electrical standards, leading to the creation of an organization that still exists in the 1990s. From 1865 until 1868 he was Liberal MP for Greenwich, and he later assisted with preparations for the 1881 Paris Exhibition.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1858. Légion d'honneur. First President, Société Internationale des Electriciens. President, Society of Telegraph Engineers \& Electricians (later the Institution of Electrical Engineers) 1887.
    Bibliography
    1852, British patent (resistance box).
    1855, British patent no. 2,103 (two-tone bell system). 1878, British patent no. 3,801 (area fire alarms).
    1878, British patent no. 596 (automatic fire alarm).
    "The physical \& electrical effects of pressure \& temperature on submarine cable cores", Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers XVII (describes some of his investigations of cable characteristics).
    Further Reading
    C.Bright, 1898, Submarine Cables, Their History, Construction \& Working.
    —1910, The Life Story of Sir Charles Tilston Bright, London: Constable \& Co.
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Bright, Sir Charles Tilston

  • 12 jeu

    jeu (plural jeux) [ʒø]
    1. masculine noun
    le jeu n'en vaut pas la chandelle(PROV) the game is not worth the candle
    jeu, set, et match game, set and match
    j'ai compris son petit jeu ! I know his little game!
    à quel jeu joues-tu ? what are you playing at?
       b. ( = fait de jouer) le jeu play
       d. ( = cartes) hand
       e. ( = façon de jouer) [d'acteur] acting ; [de sportif] game ; [de musicien] technique
       f. ( = fonctionnement) working
       g. ( = espace) play
    la porte ne ferme pas bien, il y a du jeu the door isn't a tight fit
       h. [de clés, aiguilles] set
       i. ► en jeu (Sport) in play
    mettre en jeu [+ balle] to throw in ; (en action) to bring into play
    être en jeu ( = en cause) to be at stake
    sans jeu de mots ! no pun intended! jeu de l'oie ≈ snakes and ladders
    jeu de société parlour game ; (avec dés, pions) board game
    * * *
    pl jeux ʒø nom masculin
    1) Jeux, Sport ( activité)

    le jeugén play [U]; ( avec de l'argent) gambling [U]; ( type)

    jouer (un) double jeufig to be guilty of double dealing

    à quel jeu joue-t-il?fig what's his game?

    entrer en jeufig to come into the picture

    se prendre or se piquer au jeu — to get hooked

    mettre en jeu — to bring [something] into play [éléments]; to stake [somme, titre, honneur]

    remise en jeu — (au football, après une touche) throw; (au hockey, après un but) face-off

    être hors jeu — ( au football) to be offside

    2) Jeux, Sport ( manche) game

    cacher bien son jeufig to keep it quiet

    4) Commerce, Jeux ( matériel) (d'échecs, de dames) set; ( de cartes) deck; ( de société) game
    5) ( manière de jouer) ( d'acteur) acting [U]; ( de musicien) playing [U]; (de footballeur, joueur de tennis) game
    6) ( série) set
    7) ( effet) (de reflets, vagues, d'ombres) play; (de forces, d'alliances) interplay
    Phrasal Verbs:
    ••

    c'est pas de or du jeu! — (colloq) that's not fair!

    * * *
    ʒø
    jeux pl nm
    1) (= divertissement) play

    Le jeu est une activité essentielle pour les enfants. — Play is an essential activity for children.

    se piquer au jeu; se prendre au jeu — to get into it

    3) TENNIS game

    Il mène par deux sets à un et trois jeux à deux. — He's leading by two sets to one and three games to two.

    4) (= façon de jouer) [équipe] game

    Ils pratiquent un jeu offensif. — They play an attacking game.

    5) [pianiste] touch
    6) THÉÂTRE acting
    7) TECHNIQUE (d'une pièce, entre des éléments) play
    8) (= fonctionnement)
    10) CARTES hand

    cacher son jeu fig — to keep one's cards hidden, to conceal one's hand

    Des vies humaines sont en jeu. — Human lives are at stake., [facteurs, forces] at work

    remise en jeu FOOTBALLthrow-in

    * * *
    1 Jeux, Sport ( activité) le jeu gén play ¢; ( avec de l'argent) gambling ¢; ( type) un jeu a game; le jeu est nécessaire au développement de l'enfant play is necessary to a child's development; apprendre par le jeu to learn through play; perdre une fortune au jeu to lose a fortune in gambling; on va faire un jeu let's play a game; les règles du jeu the rules of the game; ce n'était qu'un jeu it was only a game; jouer (un) double jeu fig to play a double game; à quel jeu joue-t-il? fig what's his game?; il y a une part de jeu dans leur attitude they're never completely serious about things; il fait ça par jeu he does it for fun; je lui ai dit ça par jeu mais elle m'a cru I told her that for fun but she believed me; ils se livrent déjà au petit jeu de deviner qui le remplacera they're already having fun trying to guess who will replace him; ce fut un jeu (d'enfant) pour lui de résoudre cette énigme it was child's play for him to solve this enigma; ton avenir est en jeu your future is at stake; entrer en jeu fig to come into the picture; d'entrée de jeu right from the start; se prendre or se piquer au jeu to get hooked; il s'est pris au jeu de la politique he got hooked on politics; se laisser prendre au (petit) jeu de qn to fall for sb's (little) game; être pris or se prendre à son propre jeu to be caught at one's own game; battre qn à son propre jeu to beat sb at his/her own game; mettre en jeu to put [sth] into play [ballon, balle]; to bring [sth] into play [éléments, facteurs, do!nnées]; to stake [somme, objet, titre, honneur]; remettre la balle en jeu to put the ball back into play; remise en jeu (au football, après une touche) throw; (au hockey, après un but) face-off; mettre tout en jeu pour faire to go all out to do; être hors jeu ( au football) to be offside; ils ont beau jeu de me critiquer it's easy for them to criticize me;
    2 Jeux, Sport ( manche) game; il a gagné (par) trois jeux à deux he won by three games to two;
    3 Jeux ( main aux cartes) hand; avoir un bon or beau jeu to have a good hand; avoir du jeu to have a good hand; montrer/cacher son jeu lit to show/conceal one's hand; fig to show/not to show one's hand;
    4 Comm, Jeux ( matériel) (d'échecs, de dame!s) set; ( de cartes) deck; ( de société) game;
    5 ( manière de jouer) ( d'acteur) acting ¢; ( de musicien) playing ¢; (de footballeur, joueur de tennis) game; jeu sobre/brillant ( d'acteur) restrained/brilliant acting; jeu défensif or fermé defensive game; jeu d'attaque or ouvert attacking game;
    6 ( série) set; jeu de clés/tournevis set of keys/screwdrivers; jeu d'épreuves Imprim set of proofs;
    7 (interaction, effet) (de reflets, vagues, d'ombres) play; (de rapprochements, forces, d'alliances) interplay; le libre jeu des associations/de l'imagination the free play of associations/of the imagination; effet spécial obtenu par un jeu de miroirs special effect obtained by mirrors;
    8 ( possibilité de mouvement) Mécan play; Anat free movement; le jeu des pistons the play of the pistons; le jeu des articulations/muscles the free movement of joints/muscles; il n'y a pas assez de jeu there's not enough play; il y a du or trop de jeu there's too much play; donner du jeu à to loosen; ⇒ chandelle, épingle, heureux, quille, vieux, vilain.
    jeu d'adresse Jeux game of skill; jeu d'argent Jeux, Turf game played for money; jouer à des jeu d'argent to gamble; jeu de caractères Ordinat character set; jeu codé Ordinat coded set; jeu de construction Jeux ( activité) construction game; ( pièces) construction set; jeu d'écritures Compta juggling ¢ the books; grâce à un jeu d'écritures by juggling the books; jeu éducatif Jeux educational game; jeu d'équipe Sport team game; jeu d'éveil Jeux early-learning game; jeu d'extérieur Jeux outdoor game; jeu de hasard Jeux game of chance; la vie est un jeu de hasard fig life is a lottery; jeu d'initialisation Ordinat initialization deck; jeu d'intérieur Jeux indoor game; jeu de jambes Sport footwork; jeu de massacre Jeux coconut shy GB; fig massacre; jeu de mots Ling pun; jeu de l'oie Jeux snakes and ladders GB; jeu d'orgue Mus organ stop; jeu de paume Sport ( activité) real tennis; ( terrain) real tennis court; jeu de piste Jeux treasure hunt; jeu radiophonique Radio radio game show; jeu de rôles Scol role playing ¢; jeu de scène Théât stage business; jeu de société Jeux (échecs, monopoly® etc) board game; ( charades etc) party game; jeu télévisé TV (TV) game show; jeu vidéo Vidéo video game; jeu à XIII Sport rugby league; jeux de grattage Jeux scratchcards; Jeux Olympiques, JO Sport Olympic Games, Olympics; Jeux Olympiques d'été/d'hiver Summer/Winter Olympics.
    jouer le jeu to play the game; jouer le grand jeu to pull all the stops out; c'est pas de or du jeu! that's not fair!; faire le jeu de qn to play into sb!'s hands; ‘faites vos jeux’ ( au casino) ‘faites vos jeux’; ‘les jeux sont faits’ ( au casino) ‘les jeux sont faits’; fig ‘the die is cast’.
    ( pluriel jeux) [ʒø] nom masculin
    ce n'est qu'un jeu! it's only a game!, it's only for fun!
    le jeu [activité] play
    par jeu for fun, in play
    jeu d'adresse/de hasard game of skill/of chance
    jeu électronique/vidéo electronic/video game
    jeu radiophonique/télévisé radio/TV quiz (game)
    jeu de l'oie ≃ snakes and ladders
    2. [cartes] hand
    avoir beau jeu (de faire quelque chose) to have no trouble (doing something), to find it easy (to do something)
    3. [ensemble de pièces] set
    jeu de (32)/52 cartes pack (UK) ou deck (US) of (32)/52 cards
    un jeu de dames/d'échecs/de quilles a draughts/chess/skittles set
    un jeu de clés/tournevis a set of keys/screwdrivers
    4. [manigances] game
    qu'est-ce que c'est que ce petit jeu? [ton irrité] what are you playing at?, what's your (little) game?
    se (laisser) prendre au jeu to get caught up ou involved in what's going on
    voir clair ou lire dans le jeu de quelqu'un to see through somebody's little game, to see what somebody is up to
    ‘le Jeu de l'amour et du hasard’ Marivaux ‘The Game of Love and Chance’
    5. SPORT [activité] game
    [action] play
    [partie] game
    [au tennis] game
    ‘jeu de ballon interdits’ ‘no ball games’
    6. [terrain]
    a. [sur gazon] bowling green
    b. [de pétanque] ground (for playing boules)
    7. [style d'un sportif] game, way of playing
    il a un jeu défensif/offensif he plays a defensive/an attacking game
    il a un bon jeu de volée he's a good volleyer, he volleys well
    [interprêtation - d'un acteur] acting ; [ - d'un musicien] playing
    8. [activité du parieur]
    elle a tout perdu au jeu she gambled her entire fortune away, she lost her whole fortune (at) gambling
    9. [effet] play
    jeu de mots play on words, pun
    a. [naturels] play of light
    b. [artificiels] lighting effects
    10. [espace]
    la vis a ou prend du jeu the screw is loose
    11. [action] play
    c'est un jeu de ton imagination/ta mémoire it's a trick of your imagination/your memory
    ————————
    jeux nom masculin pluriel
    1. [mise]
    faites vos jeux(, rien ne va plus) faites vos jeux (rien ne va plus)
    b. (figuré) the die is cast, there's no going back now
    ————————
    en jeu locution adjectivale
    1. [en question] at stake
    2. [en action] at play
    les forces en jeu sur le marché the competing forces ou the forces at play ou the forces at work on the market
    3. [parié] at stake
    la somme en jeu the money at stake ou which has been staked
    ————————
    en jeu locution adverbiale
    2. [en marche]
    3. [en pariant]
    jeu de massacre nom masculin
    This radio programme formerly called jeu des mille francs was originally broadcast in the 1950s and has become a national institution. The quiz, whose top prize was originally one thousand francs, consists of a series of questions sent in by listeners.

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > jeu

  • 13 grupo

    m.
    1 group (conjunto).
    en grupo in a group
    grupo ecologista environmental group
    grupo de estudio study group
    grupo de presión (politics) pressure group, lobby
    grupo de riesgo group at risk
    grupo de rock rock group
    2 group of people, bevy, circle, group.
    * * *
    1 group
    2 TÉCNICA unit, set
    \
    en grupo together, en masse
    grupo electrógeno power plant
    grupo sanguíneo blood group
    * * *
    noun m.
    2) band
    * * *
    SM
    1) [gen] group; (=equipo) team; [de árboles] cluster, clump

    grupo de contacto — (Pol) contact group

    grupo de estafas — (Policía) fraud squad

    grupo de estupefacientes — (Policía) drug squad

    grupo de homicidios — (Policía) murder squad

    grupo de investigación — research team, team of researchers

    grupo de presión — pressure group, special interest group (EEUU)

    2) (Elec, Téc) unit, plant; (=montaje) assembly

    grupo electrógeno, grupo generador — generating set, power plant

    3) Cono Sur (=trampa) trick, con *
    * * *
    a) (de personas, empresas, países) group; ( de árboles) clump

    en grupo<salir/trabajar> in a group/in groups

    b) (Mús) tb

    grupo musical — group, band

    * * *
    = aggregate, bank, batch [batches, -pl.], body, class, cluster, clutch, congeries, grouping, pack, cohort, camp, set, group, gang, bunch, corps, band, class group, combine, constituent group, collective, ensemble, bevy, line-up, cluster, segment, pod, order, mob.
    Ex. The result of this is to provide a distinct class number for an aggregate of subjects which are adjacent in the UDC schedule order.
    Ex. A recitation of the best thought out principles for a cataloging code is easily drowned out by the clatter of a bank of direct access devices vainly searching for misplaced records.
    Ex. A KWIC index is based upon the 'keywords' in the titles of the batch of documents to be indexed.
    Ex. The main body of criticism centred upon the treatment of nonbook materials.
    Ex. The following highlights are what this first class of Fellows recall of their time overseas.
    Ex. The local system is designed to be flexible enough to meet the needs of a single library or those of a library cluster.
    Ex. This approach does tend to lead to small clutches of periodicals on a given subject.
    Ex. To be sure, it still has its congeries of mills and factories, its grimy huddle of frame dwellings and congested tenements, its stark, jagged skyline, but its old face is gradually changing.
    Ex. This scheme aims for a more helpful order than the major schemes, by following the groupings of subjects as they are taught in schools.
    Ex. The notched cards, representing relevant documents, will drop off the needle and fall from the bulk of the pack.
    Ex. This article examines the views of librarians held by a number of faculty cohorts.
    Ex. This is a situation much debated between the two camps of those who would give everyone what he wants and those who would give each reader only the things of some constructive value.
    Ex. SELECT retrieves records containing the search term or terms you specify and stores them in sets.
    Ex. The groups continue, however, to keep alive their heritages through festivals and cultural activities.
    Ex. In the 1920s and 1930s more than 1 million books were being loaned each year to members as far afield as the most isolated settlers' gangs working on distant branch lines.
    Ex. They are a very impatient bunch, however: knowing themselves what the technology can do, they can get a little short with obstructionists who raise non-technical objections.
    Ex. Quality abstracting services take pride in their corps of abstractors.
    Ex. In recent years a band of disciples has grown up in India, and has contributed to the revision and expansion of the schedules.
    Ex. If the panel members represent class groups, they must canvass for suggestions.
    Ex. 158 public organisations with very diverse computer machinery formed a combine to develop an application which would make the database available on the organisations' different computer systems. = 158 instituciones públicas con equipos informáticos muy diversos crearon un grupo para desarrollar una aplicación que hiciera que la base de datos estuviese disponible en sus diferentes sistemas informáticos.
    Ex. Different constituent groups tend to rate aspects of the library quite differently.
    Ex. These collectives are at present seeking compensation for copies made of copyrighted material based on the nature, volume and use of copies made.
    Ex. DIANE is the name that has been given to the ensemble of available information services.
    Ex. It contains a bevy of fearsomely feisty female archetypes removed from domestic obligations and toughened in the brutal setting of prison life.
    Ex. The title of the article is 'The information market: a line-up of competitors'.
    Ex. Various other methods of obtaining clusters have been described, including the use of fuzzy sets, but these are beyond the scope of this book.
    Ex. No such constraints exist where online display is anticipated, since only one segment at a time is displayed.
    Ex. The large pod of about 75 narwhals milled around the bay in the summer feeding grounds.
    Ex. The taxonomic subclass of acari (mites and ticks) comprises tens of thousands of species, grouped in many families and several orders.
    Ex. In the afternoon quite a few of our mob decided that they would prefer to spend a bit of time lazing about in the water and soaking up a few rays.
    ----
    * admitir a Alguien en un grupo = adopt + Nombre + into the fold.
    * análisis de grupo = cohort analysis.
    * atacar en grupo = swarm.
    * camaradería de grupo = group ride.
    * cena de grupo = dinner party.
    * cena en grupo = group dinner, dinner party.
    * como grupo = collectively.
    * crear un grupo = set up + group.
    * debate de grupo = group discussion.
    * debate en grupo = group discussion.
    * división del mercado por grupos de consumidores = market segmentation.
    * empresa de nuestro grupo = sister company, sister organisation.
    * empresa de un grupo = operating company.
    * en algunos grupos = in some quarters.
    * en algunos grupos de la población = in some quarters.
    * enano del grupo, el = runt of the litter, the.
    * en muchos grupos = in many quarters.
    * en muchos grupos de la población = in many quarters.
    * entre grupos sociales = intergroup.
    * entrevista en grupo = group interview.
    * formación de grupos de presión = lobbying representation.
    * formar un grupo = set up + group.
    * formar un grupo de presión = form + lobby.
    * G7 (Grupo de los Siete), el = G7 (Group of Seven), the.
    * gran grupo = constellation.
    * grupo activista = faction group.
    * grupo al Algo que va dirigido = target group.
    * grupo alimenticio = food group.
    * grupo asesor = advisory group.
    * Grupo Asesor sobre Redes (NAG) = Network Advisory Group (NAG).
    * grupo chantajista = extortion racket.
    * grupo cívico = civic group.
    * grupo consultivo = advisory group.
    * grupo coordinador = steering group.
    * grupo cultural = cultural group.
    * grupo de acción ciudadana = citizen action group, community action group.
    * grupo de amigos = clan of friends.
    * grupo de amigos y conocidos = social network.
    * grupo de apoyo = interest group, support group.
    * grupo de autoayuda = self-help group, self-help group, self-help group.
    * grupo de cantantes femenino = girl band.
    * grupo de cantantes masculino = boy band.
    * grupo de ciudadanos desatentido = unserved, the.
    * grupo de consumidores = consumer group.
    * grupo de control = control group.
    * grupo de datos = data set [dataset].
    * grupo de debate = discussion group, focus group, discussion list, electronic forum, panel discussion, panel debate.
    * grupo de dirección = management.
    * grupo de discusión = discussion group.
    * grupo de edad = age bracket, age group [age-group].
    * grupo de empresas = business group.
    * grupo de estanterías = stack, stack range.
    * grupo de estudio = study circle.
    * grupo de expertos = cadre, brains trust, group of experts, network, think tank.
    * grupo defensor = interest group.
    * grupo de gestión = management team.
    * grupo de incondicionales, el = hard core, the.
    * grupo de intelectuales = intelligentsia.
    * grupo de interés = focus group, interest group.
    * grupo de investigación = research group.
    * Grupo de Investigación sobre la Clasificación (CRG) = Classification Research Group (CRG).
    * grupo de la oposición = opposition group.
    * grupo de los 20 = G-20.
    * grupo de los ocho, el = G8, the.
    * grupo del proyecto = project team.
    * grupo de negociación = bargaining unit.
    * grupo de normalización = standards group.
    * grupo de opinión = focus group.
    * grupo de personas o cosas de la misma edad o categoría = peer group.
    * grupo de poder = power group.
    * grupo de presión = lobby group, pressure group, lobbyist.
    * grupo de protección a menores = Shelter group.
    * grupo de protección ciudadana = civic trust group.
    * grupo de recursos = clump.
    * grupo de referencia = reference group.
    * grupo de representantes = focus group.
    * grupo de rock = rock group.
    * grupo de seguidores = fandom.
    * grupo de términos de búsqueda relacionados = search hedge, subject hedge.
    * grupo de trabajo = study group, study team, task force, working party, task group, research group, working group, project team.
    * Grupo de Trabajo de Ingeniería de Internet (IETF) = Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
    * grupo de trabajo por tema de interés = breakout group.
    * Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Información de la Asociaci = NISTF (Society of American Archivists National Information Systems Task Force).
    * grupo de tres = threesome.
    * grupo de usuarios = user group, users' group, population served.
    * grupo de usuarios al que va dirigido = target user group.
    * grupo disidente = splinter group, splinter party.
    * grupo dominante = dominant group.
    * grupo eléctrico = power unit, electrical generator, power generator.
    * grupo electrógeno = electrical generator, power unit, power generator.
    * grupo especial = special interest group.
    * grupo específico = niche.
    * grupo etario = age bracket.
    * grupo étnico = ethnic group, racial group, cultural group.
    * grupo experimental = experimental group.
    * grupo extremista = extremist group.
    * grupo incondicional, el = hard core, the.
    * grupo influyente = force.
    * grupo instrumental = ensemble.
    * grupo integrante = constituent group.
    * grupo interdisciplinar = cross-functional team.
    * grupo intérprete = executant body.
    * grupo marginado = deprived group, marginalised group.
    * grupo marginal = disadvantaged community, marginalised group.
    * grupo mayoritario = majority group.
    * grupo mínimo relacionado = minimum zone cohort.
    * grupo minoritario = minority group.
    * grupo mixto = cross-functional team.
    * grupo musical en directo = live band.
    * grupo político = political group.
    * grupo principal de usuarios = primary user group.
    * grupo profesional = occupational group.
    * grupo racial = racial group.
    * grupo racista = hate group.
    * grupo referente = reference group.
    * grupo religioso = denominational body, religious group.
    * grupos = quarters.
    * grupo sanguíneo = blood group, blood type.
    * grupos de diez = tens of.
    * grupo según edad = age group [age-group].
    * grupo social = community group, social group.
    * grupo supervisor = steering group.
    * grupo temáticamente afín = subject-related group.
    * grupo terrorista = terrorist group.
    * más débil del grupo, el = runt of the litter, the.
    * obra para grupo instrumental = ensemble work.
    * pensamiento de grupo = groupthink.
    * perfil de grupo = group profile.
    * por grupos = in batches.
    * presión del grupo = peer pressure.
    * relativo a un grupo = group-related.
    * reunión de grupo = group meeting.
    * RLG (Grupo de Bibliotecas de Investigación) = RLG (Research Libraries Group).
    * rodear en grupo = swarm.
    * SDI por grupos = group SDI.
    * sentimiento de grupo = togetherness.
    * sesión de grupo = group session.
    * tarifa de grupo = group rate.
    * técnica de grupo nominal = nominal group technique.
    * terapia de grupo = group therapy.
    * trabajar en grupo = team.
    * trabajar en grupo (con) = team up (with).
    * una grupo impreciso de = a cloud of.
    * un grupo aferrado de = a hard core of.
    * un grupo cada vez mayor de = a growing body of.
    * un grupo de = a set of, a bunch of, a crop of, a pool of, a cadre of, a cluster of, a galaxy of, a clutch of, a company of.
    * un grupo de gente variada = a cast of people.
    * un grupo incondicional de = a hard core of.
    * un grupo variado de = a collection of.
    * violación en grupo = gang rape.
    * * *
    a) (de personas, empresas, países) group; ( de árboles) clump

    en grupo<salir/trabajar> in a group/in groups

    b) (Mús) tb

    grupo musical — group, band

    * * *
    = aggregate, bank, batch [batches, -pl.], body, class, cluster, clutch, congeries, grouping, pack, cohort, camp, set, group, gang, bunch, corps, band, class group, combine, constituent group, collective, ensemble, bevy, line-up, cluster, segment, pod, order, mob.

    Ex: The result of this is to provide a distinct class number for an aggregate of subjects which are adjacent in the UDC schedule order.

    Ex: A recitation of the best thought out principles for a cataloging code is easily drowned out by the clatter of a bank of direct access devices vainly searching for misplaced records.
    Ex: A KWIC index is based upon the 'keywords' in the titles of the batch of documents to be indexed.
    Ex: The main body of criticism centred upon the treatment of nonbook materials.
    Ex: The following highlights are what this first class of Fellows recall of their time overseas.
    Ex: The local system is designed to be flexible enough to meet the needs of a single library or those of a library cluster.
    Ex: This approach does tend to lead to small clutches of periodicals on a given subject.
    Ex: To be sure, it still has its congeries of mills and factories, its grimy huddle of frame dwellings and congested tenements, its stark, jagged skyline, but its old face is gradually changing.
    Ex: This scheme aims for a more helpful order than the major schemes, by following the groupings of subjects as they are taught in schools.
    Ex: The notched cards, representing relevant documents, will drop off the needle and fall from the bulk of the pack.
    Ex: This article examines the views of librarians held by a number of faculty cohorts.
    Ex: This is a situation much debated between the two camps of those who would give everyone what he wants and those who would give each reader only the things of some constructive value.
    Ex: SELECT retrieves records containing the search term or terms you specify and stores them in sets.
    Ex: The groups continue, however, to keep alive their heritages through festivals and cultural activities.
    Ex: In the 1920s and 1930s more than 1 million books were being loaned each year to members as far afield as the most isolated settlers' gangs working on distant branch lines.
    Ex: They are a very impatient bunch, however: knowing themselves what the technology can do, they can get a little short with obstructionists who raise non-technical objections.
    Ex: Quality abstracting services take pride in their corps of abstractors.
    Ex: In recent years a band of disciples has grown up in India, and has contributed to the revision and expansion of the schedules.
    Ex: If the panel members represent class groups, they must canvass for suggestions.
    Ex: 158 public organisations with very diverse computer machinery formed a combine to develop an application which would make the database available on the organisations' different computer systems. = 158 instituciones públicas con equipos informáticos muy diversos crearon un grupo para desarrollar una aplicación que hiciera que la base de datos estuviese disponible en sus diferentes sistemas informáticos.
    Ex: Different constituent groups tend to rate aspects of the library quite differently.
    Ex: These collectives are at present seeking compensation for copies made of copyrighted material based on the nature, volume and use of copies made.
    Ex: DIANE is the name that has been given to the ensemble of available information services.
    Ex: It contains a bevy of fearsomely feisty female archetypes removed from domestic obligations and toughened in the brutal setting of prison life.
    Ex: The title of the article is 'The information market: a line-up of competitors'.
    Ex: Various other methods of obtaining clusters have been described, including the use of fuzzy sets, but these are beyond the scope of this book.
    Ex: No such constraints exist where online display is anticipated, since only one segment at a time is displayed.
    Ex: The large pod of about 75 narwhals milled around the bay in the summer feeding grounds.
    Ex: The taxonomic subclass of acari (mites and ticks) comprises tens of thousands of species, grouped in many families and several orders.
    Ex: In the afternoon quite a few of our mob decided that they would prefer to spend a bit of time lazing about in the water and soaking up a few rays.
    * admitir a Alguien en un grupo = adopt + Nombre + into the fold.
    * análisis de grupo = cohort analysis.
    * atacar en grupo = swarm.
    * camaradería de grupo = group ride.
    * cena de grupo = dinner party.
    * cena en grupo = group dinner, dinner party.
    * como grupo = collectively.
    * crear un grupo = set up + group.
    * debate de grupo = group discussion.
    * debate en grupo = group discussion.
    * división del mercado por grupos de consumidores = market segmentation.
    * empresa de nuestro grupo = sister company, sister organisation.
    * empresa de un grupo = operating company.
    * en algunos grupos = in some quarters.
    * en algunos grupos de la población = in some quarters.
    * enano del grupo, el = runt of the litter, the.
    * en muchos grupos = in many quarters.
    * en muchos grupos de la población = in many quarters.
    * entre grupos sociales = intergroup.
    * entrevista en grupo = group interview.
    * formación de grupos de presión = lobbying representation.
    * formar un grupo = set up + group.
    * formar un grupo de presión = form + lobby.
    * G7 (Grupo de los Siete), el = G7 (Group of Seven), the.
    * gran grupo = constellation.
    * grupo activista = faction group.
    * grupo al Algo que va dirigido = target group.
    * grupo alimenticio = food group.
    * grupo asesor = advisory group.
    * Grupo Asesor sobre Redes (NAG) = Network Advisory Group (NAG).
    * grupo chantajista = extortion racket.
    * grupo cívico = civic group.
    * grupo consultivo = advisory group.
    * grupo coordinador = steering group.
    * grupo cultural = cultural group.
    * grupo de acción ciudadana = citizen action group, community action group.
    * grupo de amigos = clan of friends.
    * grupo de amigos y conocidos = social network.
    * grupo de apoyo = interest group, support group.
    * grupo de autoayuda = self-help group, self-help group, self-help group.
    * grupo de cantantes femenino = girl band.
    * grupo de cantantes masculino = boy band.
    * grupo de ciudadanos desatentido = unserved, the.
    * grupo de consumidores = consumer group.
    * grupo de control = control group.
    * grupo de datos = data set [dataset].
    * grupo de debate = discussion group, focus group, discussion list, electronic forum, panel discussion, panel debate.
    * grupo de dirección = management.
    * grupo de discusión = discussion group.
    * grupo de edad = age bracket, age group [age-group].
    * grupo de empresas = business group.
    * grupo de estanterías = stack, stack range.
    * grupo de estudio = study circle.
    * grupo de expertos = cadre, brains trust, group of experts, network, think tank.
    * grupo defensor = interest group.
    * grupo de gestión = management team.
    * grupo de incondicionales, el = hard core, the.
    * grupo de intelectuales = intelligentsia.
    * grupo de interés = focus group, interest group.
    * grupo de investigación = research group.
    * Grupo de Investigación sobre la Clasificación (CRG) = Classification Research Group (CRG).
    * grupo de la oposición = opposition group.
    * grupo de los 20 = G-20.
    * grupo de los ocho, el = G8, the.
    * grupo del proyecto = project team.
    * grupo de negociación = bargaining unit.
    * grupo de normalización = standards group.
    * grupo de opinión = focus group.
    * grupo de personas o cosas de la misma edad o categoría = peer group.
    * grupo de poder = power group.
    * grupo de presión = lobby group, pressure group, lobbyist.
    * grupo de protección a menores = Shelter group.
    * grupo de protección ciudadana = civic trust group.
    * grupo de recursos = clump.
    * grupo de referencia = reference group.
    * grupo de representantes = focus group.
    * grupo de rock = rock group.
    * grupo de seguidores = fandom.
    * grupo de términos de búsqueda relacionados = search hedge, subject hedge.
    * grupo de trabajo = study group, study team, task force, working party, task group, research group, working group, project team.
    * Grupo de Trabajo de Ingeniería de Internet (IETF) = Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
    * grupo de trabajo por tema de interés = breakout group.
    * Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Información de la Asociaci = NISTF (Society of American Archivists National Information Systems Task Force).
    * grupo de tres = threesome.
    * grupo de usuarios = user group, users' group, population served.
    * grupo de usuarios al que va dirigido = target user group.
    * grupo disidente = splinter group, splinter party.
    * grupo dominante = dominant group.
    * grupo eléctrico = power unit, electrical generator, power generator.
    * grupo electrógeno = electrical generator, power unit, power generator.
    * grupo especial = special interest group.
    * grupo específico = niche.
    * grupo etario = age bracket.
    * grupo étnico = ethnic group, racial group, cultural group.
    * grupo experimental = experimental group.
    * grupo extremista = extremist group.
    * grupo incondicional, el = hard core, the.
    * grupo influyente = force.
    * grupo instrumental = ensemble.
    * grupo integrante = constituent group.
    * grupo interdisciplinar = cross-functional team.
    * grupo intérprete = executant body.
    * grupo marginado = deprived group, marginalised group.
    * grupo marginal = disadvantaged community, marginalised group.
    * grupo mayoritario = majority group.
    * grupo mínimo relacionado = minimum zone cohort.
    * grupo minoritario = minority group.
    * grupo mixto = cross-functional team.
    * grupo musical en directo = live band.
    * grupo político = political group.
    * grupo principal de usuarios = primary user group.
    * grupo profesional = occupational group.
    * grupo racial = racial group.
    * grupo racista = hate group.
    * grupo referente = reference group.
    * grupo religioso = denominational body, religious group.
    * grupos = quarters.
    * grupo sanguíneo = blood group, blood type.
    * grupos de diez = tens of.
    * grupo según edad = age group [age-group].
    * grupo social = community group, social group.
    * grupo supervisor = steering group.
    * grupo temáticamente afín = subject-related group.
    * grupo terrorista = terrorist group.
    * más débil del grupo, el = runt of the litter, the.
    * obra para grupo instrumental = ensemble work.
    * pensamiento de grupo = groupthink.
    * perfil de grupo = group profile.
    * por grupos = in batches.
    * presión del grupo = peer pressure.
    * relativo a un grupo = group-related.
    * reunión de grupo = group meeting.
    * RLG (Grupo de Bibliotecas de Investigación) = RLG (Research Libraries Group).
    * rodear en grupo = swarm.
    * SDI por grupos = group SDI.
    * sentimiento de grupo = togetherness.
    * sesión de grupo = group session.
    * tarifa de grupo = group rate.
    * técnica de grupo nominal = nominal group technique.
    * terapia de grupo = group therapy.
    * trabajar en grupo = team.
    * trabajar en grupo (con) = team up (with).
    * una grupo impreciso de = a cloud of.
    * un grupo aferrado de = a hard core of.
    * un grupo cada vez mayor de = a growing body of.
    * un grupo de = a set of, a bunch of, a crop of, a pool of, a cadre of, a cluster of, a galaxy of, a clutch of, a company of.
    * un grupo de gente variada = a cast of people.
    * un grupo incondicional de = a hard core of.
    * un grupo variado de = a collection of.
    * violación en grupo = gang rape.

    * * *
    A
    1 (de personas) group; (de empresas, países) group; (de árboles) clump
    los grupos sociales marginados marginalized social groups
    un grupo de casas a group o cluster of houses
    se dividieron en grupos de (a) cuatro they split into groups of four
    en grupo ‹salir/trabajar› in a group/in groups
    2 ( Mús) tb
    grupo musical group, band
    3 ( Quím) group
    Compuestos:
    support group
    advisory group, think tank
    construction consortium
    control group
    consortium
    hotel chain
    grupo de interés or presión
    pressure group
    jazz group o band
    internet forum
    press consortium
    ( Pol) Group of Eight
    newsgroup
    working party
    user group
    generator
    grupo fónico/tónico
    phonic/tonic group
    target group
    ( frml); peer group
    parliamentary group
    blood group
    tener el grupo sanguíneo Rh or Rhesus positivo/negativo to be Rhesus positive/negative
    ¿qué grupo sanguíneo tiene? what blood group are you?
    tengo el grupo sanguíneo A/AB/B positivo/negativo I'm blood group A/AB/B positive/negative
    control group
    B ( Chi arg) (mentira) lie; (engaño) trick
    * * *

     

    grupo sustantivo masculino
    a) (de personas, empresas, países) group;

    ( de árboles) clump;

    grupos sociales social groups;
    de grupo ‹terapia/trabajo group ( before n);
    en grupo ‹salir/trabajarin a group/in groups
    b) (Mús) tb


    grupo sustantivo masculino
    1 g roup: no queda sangre del groupo B+, there is no B+ blood left
    tiene mi grupo sanguíneo, he has the same blood group as I do
    grupo de trabajo, working party
    terapia de grupo, group therapy
    2 Mús group, band
    3 Elec grupo electrógeno, power generator o electric generating set
    ' grupo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aparato
    - argot
    - beatería
    - cada
    - clase
    - comando
    - componente
    - conjunta
    - conjunto
    - contra
    - cuerpo
    - delirio
    - descolgarse
    - desfilar
    - dirigirse
    - disolver
    - disolverse
    - dispersar
    - dispersarse
    - ecologista
    - entrada
    - equipo
    - escolta
    - estamento
    - exclusión
    - figurar
    - fuerza
    - GEO
    - guerrilla
    - incorporarse
    - iniciar
    - jerga
    - junta
    - manifestarse
    - maquinaria
    - mayoría
    - minoritaria
    - minoritario
    - ninguna
    - ninguno
    - núcleo
    - nutrido-a
    - panel
    - paquete
    - patrulla
    - pertenencia
    - pesar
    - piña
    - readmitir
    - relevo
    English:
    address
    - army
    - back
    - band
    - bear down on
    - blood group
    - body
    - bracket
    - breakaway
    - bunch
    - camp
    - chain gang
    - class
    - cliquey
    - clump
    - cluster
    - collection
    - collective
    - combine
    - come under
    - commission
    - contra
    - crowd
    - demo
    - dense
    - drummer
    - dynamics
    - fervent
    - flagship
    - flock
    - foursome
    - fraternity
    - frenzied
    - gather
    - group
    - guard
    - heterogeneous
    - homogeneous
    - huddle
    - inbred
    - Ivy League
    - join
    - knot
    - lead
    - leadership
    - lobby
    - make up
    - manager
    - manageress
    - motley
    * * *
    grupo nm
    1. [conjunto] group;
    [de árboles] cluster;
    grupo (de empresas) (corporate) group;
    en grupo in a group;
    el grupo de cabeza [en carrera] the leading group
    Pol grupo de contacto contact group; Econ grupo de control control group; Informát grupo de discusión discussion group;
    grupo ecologista environmental group;
    grupo de edad age group;
    grupo empresarial (business) group o combine;
    grupo de estudio study group;
    Pol grupo mixto = independent MPs and MPs from minor parties in Spanish parliament; Informát grupo de noticias newsgroup;
    grupo parlamentario parliamentary group;
    Pol grupo de presión pressure group, lobby;
    grupo de riesgo group at risk;
    UE Grupo de Sabios Committee of Wise Men;
    grupo sanguíneo blood group;
    Informát grupo de usuarios user group
    2. [de músicos] group, band
    3. Tec unit, set
    Elec grupo electrógeno generator
    4. Quím group
    5. Ling grupo consonántico consonant cluster;
    grupo fónico phonic group;
    grupo nominal noun phrase;
    grupo de palabras word group;
    grupo vocálico vowel cluster
    * * *
    m group;
    en grupos in groups
    * * *
    grupo nm
    : group
    * * *
    grupo n group

    Spanish-English dictionary > grupo

  • 14 Denny, William

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 25 May 1847 Dumbarton, Scotland
    d. 17 March 1887 Buenos Aires, Argentina
    [br]
    Scottish naval architect and partner in the leading British scientific shipbuilding company.
    [br]
    From 1844 until 1962, the Clyde shipyard of William Denny and Brothers, Dumbarton, produced over 1,500 ships, trained innumerable students of all nationalities in shipbuilding and marine engineering, and for the seventy-plus years of their existence were accepted worldwide as the leaders in the application of science to ship design and construction. Until the closure of the yard members of the Denny family were among the partners and later directors of the firm: they included men as distinguished as Dr Peter Denny (1821(?)–95), Sir Archibald Denny (1860–1936) and Sir Maurice Denny (1886– 1955), the main collaborator in the design of the Denny-Brown ship stabilizer.
    One of the most influential of this shipbuilding family was William Denny, now referred to as William 3! His early education was at Dumbarton, then on Jersey and finally at the Royal High School, Edinburgh, before he commenced an apprenticeship at his father's shipyard. From the outset he not only showed great aptitude for learning and hard work but also displayed an ability to create good relationships with all he came into contact with. At the early age of 21 he was admitted a partner of the shipbuilding business of William Denny and Brothers, and some years later also of the associated engineering firm of Denny \& Co. His deep-felt interest in what is now known as industrial relations led him in 1871 to set up a piecework system of payment in the shipyard. In this he was helped by the Yard Manager, Richard Ramage, who later was to found the Leith shipyard, which produced the world's most elegant steam yachts. This research was published later as a pamphlet called The Worth of Wages, an unusual and forward-looking action for the 1860s, when Denny maintained that an absentee employer should earn as much contempt and disapproval as an absentee landlord! In 1880 he initiated an awards scheme for all company employees, with grants and awards for inventions and production improvements. William Denny was not slow to impose new methods and to research naval architecture, a special interest being progressive ship trials with a view to predicting effective horsepower. In time this led to his proposal to the partners to build a ship model testing tank beside the Dumbarton shipyard; this scheme was completed in 1883 and was to the third in the world (after the Admiralty tank at Torquay, managed by William Froude and the Royal Netherlands Navy facility at Amsterdam, under B.J. Tideman. In 1876 the Denny Shipyard started work with mild-quality shipbuilding steel on hulls for the Irrawaddy Flotilla Company, and in 1879 the world's first two ships of any size using this weight-saving material were produced: they were the Rotomahana for the Union Steamship Company of New Zealand and the Buenos Ayrean for the Allan Line of Glasgow. On the naval-architecture side he was involved in Denny's proposals for standard cross curves of stability for all ships, which had far-reaching effects and are now accepted worldwide. He served on the committee working on improvements to the Load Line regulations and many other similar public bodies. After a severe bout of typhoid and an almost unacceptable burden of work, he left the United Kingdom for South America in June 1886 to attend to business with La Platense Flotilla Company, an associate company of William Denny and Brothers. In March the following year, while in Buenos Aires, he died by his own hand, a death that caused great and genuine sadness in the West of Scotland and elsewhere.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    President, Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland 1886. FRS Edinburgh 1879.
    Bibliography
    William Denny presented many papers to various bodies, the most important being to the Institution of Naval Architects and to the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland. The subjects include: trials results, the relation of ship speed to power, Lloyd's Numerals, tonnage measurement, layout of shipyards, steel in shipbuilding, cross curves of stability, etc.
    Further Reading
    A.B.Bruce, 1889, The Life of William Denny, Shipbuilder, London: Hodder \& Stoughton.
    Denny Dumbarton 1844–1932 (a souvenir hard-back produced for private circulation by the shipyard).
    Fred M.Walker, 1984, Song of the Clyde. A History of Clyde Shipbuilding, Cambridge: PSL.
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Denny, William

  • 15 Watson, George Lennox

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 1851 Glasgow, Scotland
    d. 12 November 1904 Glasgow, Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish designer of some of the world's largest sailing and powered yachts, principal technical adviser to the Royal National Lifeboat Institution.
    [br]
    Almost all of Watson's life was spent in or around the City of Glasgow; his formal education was at the city's High School and at the age of 16 he entered the yard and drawing offices of Robert Napier's Govan Shipyard. Three years later he crossed the River Clyde and started work in the design office of the Pointhouse Shipyard of A. \& J.Inglis, and there received the necessary grounding of a naval architect. Dr John Inglis, the Principal of the firm, encouraged Watson, ensured that he was involved in advanced design work and allowed him to build a yacht in a corner of the shipyard in his spare time.
    At the early age of 22 Watson set up as a naval architect with his own company, which is still in existence 120 years later. In 1875, assisted by two carpenters, Watson built the 5-ton yacht Vril to his own design. This vessel was the first with an integral heavy lead keel and its success ensured that design contracts flowed to him for new yachts for the Clyde and elsewhere. His enthusiasm and increasing skill were recognized and soon he was working on the ultimate: the America's Cup challengers Thistle, Valkyrie II, Valkyrie III and Shamrock II. The greatest accolade was the contract for the design of the J Class yacht Britannia, built by D. \& W.Henderson of Glasgow in 1893 for the Prince of Wales.
    The company of G.L.Watson became the world's leading designer of steam yachts, and it was usual for it to offer a full design service as well as supervise construction in any part of the world. Watson took a deep interest in the work of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution and was its technical consultant for many years. One of his designs, the Watson Lifeboat, was a stalwart in its fleet for many years. In public life he lectured, took an active part in the debates on yacht racing and was recognized as Britain's leading designer.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1881, Progress in Yachting and Yacht-Building, Glasgow Naval and Marine Engineering Catalogue, London and Glasgow: Collins.
    1894, The Evolution of the Modern Racing Yacht, Badminton Library of Sports and Pastimes, Vol. 1, London: Longmans Green, pp. 54–109.
    Further Reading
    John Irving, 1937, The King's Britannia. The Story of a Great Ship, London: Seeley Service.
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Watson, George Lennox

  • 16 модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)

    1. modular data center

     

    модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
    -
    [Интент]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    [ http://loosebolts.wordpress.com/2008/12/02/our-vision-for-generation-4-modular-data-centers-one-way-of-getting-it-just-right/]

    [ http://dcnt.ru/?p=9299#more-9299]

    Data Centers are a hot topic these days. No matter where you look, this once obscure aspect of infrastructure is getting a lot of attention. For years, there have been cost pressures on IT operations and this, when the need for modern capacity is greater than ever, has thrust data centers into the spotlight. Server and rack density continues to rise, placing DC professionals and businesses in tighter and tougher situations while they struggle to manage their IT environments. And now hyper-scale cloud infrastructure is taking traditional technologies to limits never explored before and focusing the imagination of the IT industry on new possibilities.

    В настоящее время центры обработки данных являются широко обсуждаемой темой. Куда ни посмотришь, этот некогда малоизвестный аспект инфраструктуры привлекает все больше внимания. Годами ИТ-отделы испытывали нехватку средств и это выдвинуло ЦОДы в центр внимания, в то время, когда необходимость в современных ЦОДах стала как никогда высокой. Плотность серверов и стоек продолжают расти, все больше усложняя ситуацию для специалистов в области охлаждения и организаций в их попытках управлять своими ИТ-средами. И теперь гипермасштабируемая облачная инфраструктура подвергает традиционные технологии невиданным ранее нагрузкам, и заставляет ИТ-индустрию искать новые возможности.

    At Microsoft, we have focused a lot of thought and research around how to best operate and maintain our global infrastructure and we want to share those learnings. While obviously there are some aspects that we keep to ourselves, we have shared how we operate facilities daily, our technologies and methodologies, and, most importantly, how we monitor and manage our facilities. Whether it’s speaking at industry events, inviting customers to our “Microsoft data center conferences” held in our data centers, or through other media like blogging and white papers, we believe sharing best practices is paramount and will drive the industry forward. So in that vein, we have some interesting news to share.

    В компании MicroSoft уделяют большое внимание изучению наилучших методов эксплуатации и технического обслуживания своей глобальной инфраструктуры и делятся результатами своих исследований. И хотя мы, конечно, не раскрываем некоторые аспекты своих исследований, мы делимся повседневным опытом эксплуатации дата-центров, своими технологиями и методологиями и, что важнее всего, методами контроля и управления своими объектами. Будь то доклады на отраслевых событиях, приглашение клиентов на наши конференции, которые посвящены центрам обработки данных MicroSoft, и проводятся в этих самых дата-центрах, или использование других средств, например, блоги и спецификации, мы уверены, что обмен передовым опытом имеет первостепенное значение и будет продвигать отрасль вперед.

    Today we are sharing our Generation 4 Modular Data Center plan. This is our vision and will be the foundation of our cloud data center infrastructure in the next five years. We believe it is one of the most revolutionary changes to happen to data centers in the last 30 years. Joining me, in writing this blog are Daniel Costello, my director of Data Center Research and Engineering and Christian Belady, principal power and cooling architect. I feel their voices will add significant value to driving understanding around the many benefits included in this new design paradigm.

    Сейчас мы хотим поделиться своим планом модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения. Это наше видение и оно будет основанием для инфраструктуры наших облачных дата-центров в ближайшие пять лет. Мы считаем, что это одно из самых революционных изменений в дата-центрах за последние 30 лет. Вместе со мной в написании этого блога участвовали Дэниел Костелло, директор по исследованиям и инжинирингу дата-центров, и Кристиан Белади, главный архитектор систем энергоснабжения и охлаждения. Мне кажется, что их авторитет придаст больше веса большому количеству преимуществ, включенных в эту новую парадигму проектирования.

    Our “Gen 4” modular data centers will take the flexibility of containerized servers—like those in our Chicago data center—and apply it across the entire facility. So what do we mean by modular? Think of it like “building blocks”, where the data center will be composed of modular units of prefabricated mechanical, electrical, security components, etc., in addition to containerized servers.

    Was there a key driver for the Generation 4 Data Center?

    Наши модульные дата-центры “Gen 4” будут гибкими с контейнерами серверов – как серверы в нашем чикагском дата-центре. И гибкость будет применяться ко всему ЦОД. Итак, что мы подразумеваем под модульностью? Мы думаем о ней как о “строительных блоках”, где дата-центр будет состоять из модульных блоков изготовленных в заводских условиях электрических систем и систем охлаждения, а также систем безопасности и т.п., в дополнение к контейнеризованным серверам.
    Был ли ключевой стимул для разработки дата-центра четвертого поколения?


    If we were to summarize the promise of our Gen 4 design into a single sentence it would be something like this: “A highly modular, scalable, efficient, just-in-time data center capacity program that can be delivered anywhere in the world very quickly and cheaply, while allowing for continued growth as required.” Sounds too good to be true, doesn’t it? Well, keep in mind that these concepts have been in initial development and prototyping for over a year and are based on cumulative knowledge of previous facility generations and the advances we have made since we began our investments in earnest on this new design.

    Если бы нам нужно было обобщить достоинства нашего проекта Gen 4 в одном предложении, это выглядело бы следующим образом: “Центр обработки данных с высоким уровнем модульности, расширяемости, и энергетической эффективности, а также возможностью постоянного расширения, в случае необходимости, который можно очень быстро и дешево развертывать в любом месте мира”. Звучит слишком хорошо для того чтобы быть правдой, не так ли? Ну, не забывайте, что эти концепции находились в процессе начальной разработки и создания опытного образца в течение более одного года и основываются на опыте, накопленном в ходе развития предыдущих поколений ЦОД, а также успехах, сделанных нами со времени, когда мы начали вкладывать серьезные средства в этот новый проект.

    One of the biggest challenges we’ve had at Microsoft is something Mike likes to call the ‘Goldilock’s Problem’. In a nutshell, the problem can be stated as:

    The worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is not have enough capacity online, thus limiting the growth of our products and services.

    Одну из самых больших проблем, с которыми приходилось сталкиваться Майкрософт, Майк любит называть ‘Проблемой Лютика’. Вкратце, эту проблему можно выразить следующим образом:

    Самое худшее, что может быть при строительстве ЦОД для бизнеса, это не располагать достаточными производственными мощностями, и тем самым ограничивать рост наших продуктов и сервисов.

    The second worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is to have too much capacity online.

    А вторым самым худшим моментом в этой сфере может слишком большое количество производственных мощностей.

    This has led to a focus on smart, intelligent growth for the business — refining our overall demand picture. It can’t be too hot. It can’t be too cold. It has to be ‘Just Right!’ The capital dollars of investment are too large to make without long term planning. As we struggled to master these interesting challenges, we had to ensure that our technological plan also included solutions for the business and operational challenges we faced as well.
    So let’s take a high level look at our Generation 4 design

    Это заставило нас сосредоточиваться на интеллектуальном росте для бизнеса — refining our overall demand picture. Это не должно быть слишком горячим. И это не должно быть слишком холодным. Это должно быть ‘как раз, таким как надо!’ Нельзя делать такие большие капиталовложения без долгосрочного планирования. Пока мы старались решить эти интересные проблемы, мы должны были гарантировать, что наш технологический план будет также включать решения для коммерческих и эксплуатационных проблем, с которыми нам также приходилось сталкиваться.
    Давайте рассмотрим наш проект дата-центра четвертого поколения

    Are you ready for some great visuals? Check out this video at Soapbox. Click here for the Microsoft 4th Gen Video.

    It’s a concept video that came out of my Data Center Research and Engineering team, under Daniel Costello, that will give you a view into what we think is the future.

    From a configuration, construct-ability and time to market perspective, our primary goals and objectives are to modularize the whole data center. Not just the server side (like the Chicago facility), but the mechanical and electrical space as well. This means using the same kind of parts in pre-manufactured modules, the ability to use containers, skids, or rack-based deployments and the ability to tailor the Redundancy and Reliability requirements to the application at a very specific level.


    Посмотрите это видео, перейдите по ссылке для просмотра видео о Microsoft 4th Gen:

    Это концептуальное видео, созданное командой отдела Data Center Research and Engineering, возглавляемого Дэниелом Костелло, которое даст вам наше представление о будущем.

    С точки зрения конфигурации, строительной технологичности и времени вывода на рынок, нашими главными целями и задачами агрегатирование всего дата-центра. Не только серверную часть, как дата-центр в Чикаго, но также системы охлаждения и электрические системы. Это означает применение деталей одного типа в сборных модулях, возможность использования контейнеров, салазок, или стоечных систем, а также возможность подстраивать требования избыточности и надежности для данного приложения на очень специфичном уровне.

    Our goals from a cost perspective were simple in concept but tough to deliver. First and foremost, we had to reduce the capital cost per critical Mega Watt by the class of use. Some applications can run with N-level redundancy in the infrastructure, others require a little more infrastructure for support. These different classes of infrastructure requirements meant that optimizing for all cost classes was paramount. At Microsoft, we are not a one trick pony and have many Online products and services (240+) that require different levels of operational support. We understand that and ensured that we addressed it in our design which will allow us to reduce capital costs by 20%-40% or greater depending upon class.


    Нашими целями в области затрат были концептуально простыми, но трудно реализуемыми. В первую очередь мы должны были снизить капитальные затраты в пересчете на один мегаватт, в зависимости от класса резервирования. Некоторые приложения могут вполне работать на базе инфраструктуры с резервированием на уровне N, то есть без резервирования, а для работы других приложений требуется больше инфраструктуры. Эти разные классы требований инфраструктуры подразумевали, что оптимизация всех классов затрат имеет преобладающее значение. В Майкрософт мы не ограничиваемся одним решением и располагаем большим количеством интерактивных продуктов и сервисов (240+), которым требуются разные уровни эксплуатационной поддержки. Мы понимаем это, и учитываем это в своем проекте, который позволит нам сокращать капитальные затраты на 20%-40% или более в зависимости от класса.

    For example, non-critical or geo redundant applications have low hardware reliability requirements on a location basis. As a result, Gen 4 can be configured to provide stripped down, low-cost infrastructure with little or no redundancy and/or temperature control. Let’s say an Online service team decides that due to the dramatically lower cost, they will simply use uncontrolled outside air with temperatures ranging 10-35 C and 20-80% RH. The reality is we are already spec-ing this for all of our servers today and working with server vendors to broaden that range even further as Gen 4 becomes a reality. For this class of infrastructure, we eliminate generators, chillers, UPSs, and possibly lower costs relative to traditional infrastructure.

    Например, некритичные или гео-избыточные системы имеют низкие требования к аппаратной надежности на основе местоположения. В результате этого, Gen 4 можно конфигурировать для упрощенной, недорогой инфраструктуры с низким уровнем (или вообще без резервирования) резервирования и / или температурного контроля. Скажем, команда интерактивного сервиса решает, что, в связи с намного меньшими затратами, они будут просто использовать некондиционированный наружный воздух с температурой 10-35°C и влажностью 20-80% RH. В реальности мы уже сегодня предъявляем эти требования к своим серверам и работаем с поставщиками серверов над еще большим расширением диапазона температур, так как наш модуль и подход Gen 4 становится реальностью. Для подобного класса инфраструктуры мы удаляем генераторы, чиллеры, ИБП, и, возможно, будем предлагать более низкие затраты, по сравнению с традиционной инфраструктурой.

    Applications that demand higher level of redundancy or temperature control will use configurations of Gen 4 to meet those needs, however, they will also cost more (but still less than traditional data centers). We see this cost difference driving engineering behavioral change in that we predict more applications will drive towards Geo redundancy to lower costs.

    Системы, которым требуется более высокий уровень резервирования или температурного контроля, будут использовать конфигурации Gen 4, отвечающие этим требованиям, однако, они будут также стоить больше. Но все равно они будут стоить меньше, чем традиционные дата-центры. Мы предвидим, что эти различия в затратах будут вызывать изменения в методах инжиниринга, и по нашим прогнозам, это будет выражаться в переходе все большего числа систем на гео-избыточность и меньшие затраты.

    Another cool thing about Gen 4 is that it allows us to deploy capacity when our demand dictates it. Once finalized, we will no longer need to make large upfront investments. Imagine driving capital costs more closely in-line with actual demand, thus greatly reducing time-to-market and adding the capacity Online inherent in the design. Also reduced is the amount of construction labor required to put these “building blocks” together. Since the entire platform requires pre-manufacture of its core components, on-site construction costs are lowered. This allows us to maximize our return on invested capital.

    Еще одно достоинство Gen 4 состоит в том, что он позволяет нам разворачивать дополнительные мощности, когда нам это необходимо. Как только мы закончим проект, нам больше не нужно будет делать большие начальные капиталовложения. Представьте себе возможность более точного согласования капитальных затрат с реальными требованиями, и тем самым значительного снижения времени вывода на рынок и интерактивного добавления мощностей, предусматриваемого проектом. Также снижен объем строительных работ, требуемых для сборки этих “строительных блоков”. Поскольку вся платформа требует предварительного изготовления ее базовых компонентов, затраты на сборку также снижены. Это позволит нам увеличить до максимума окупаемость своих капиталовложений.
    Мы все подвергаем сомнению

    In our design process, we questioned everything. You may notice there is no roof and some might be uncomfortable with this. We explored the need of one and throughout our research we got some surprising (positive) results that showed one wasn’t needed.

    В своем процессе проектирования мы все подвергаем сомнению. Вы, наверное, обратили внимание на отсутствие крыши, и некоторым специалистам это могло не понравиться. Мы изучили необходимость в крыше и в ходе своих исследований получили удивительные результаты, которые показали, что крыша не нужна.
    Серийное производство дата центров


    In short, we are striving to bring Henry Ford’s Model T factory to the data center. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford#Model_T. Gen 4 will move data centers from a custom design and build model to a commoditized manufacturing approach. We intend to have our components built in factories and then assemble them in one location (the data center site) very quickly. Think about how a computer, car or plane is built today. Components are manufactured by different companies all over the world to a predefined spec and then integrated in one location based on demands and feature requirements. And just like Henry Ford’s assembly line drove the cost of building and the time-to-market down dramatically for the automobile industry, we expect Gen 4 to do the same for data centers. Everything will be pre-manufactured and assembled on the pad.

    Мы хотим применить модель автомобильной фабрики Генри Форда к дата-центру. Проект Gen 4 будет способствовать переходу от модели специализированного проектирования и строительства к товарно-производственному, серийному подходу. Мы намерены изготавливать свои компоненты на заводах, а затем очень быстро собирать их в одном месте, в месте строительства дата-центра. Подумайте о том, как сегодня изготавливается компьютер, автомобиль или самолет. Компоненты изготавливаются по заранее определенным спецификациям разными компаниями во всем мире, затем собираются в одном месте на основе спроса и требуемых характеристик. И точно так же как сборочный конвейер Генри Форда привел к значительному уменьшению затрат на производство и времени вывода на рынок в автомобильной промышленности, мы надеемся, что Gen 4 сделает то же самое для дата-центров. Все будет предварительно изготавливаться и собираться на месте.
    Невероятно энергоэффективный ЦОД


    And did we mention that this platform will be, overall, incredibly energy efficient? From a total energy perspective not only will we have remarkable PUE values, but the total cost of energy going into the facility will be greatly reduced as well. How much energy goes into making concrete? Will we need as much of it? How much energy goes into the fuel of the construction vehicles? This will also be greatly reduced! A key driver is our goal to achieve an average PUE at or below 1.125 by 2012 across our data centers. More than that, we are on a mission to reduce the overall amount of copper and water used in these facilities. We believe these will be the next areas of industry attention when and if the energy problem is solved. So we are asking today…“how can we build a data center with less building”?

    А мы упоминали, что эта платформа будет, в общем, невероятно энергоэффективной? С точки зрения общей энергии, мы получим не только поразительные значения PUE, но общая стоимость энергии, затраченной на объект будет также значительно снижена. Сколько энергии идет на производство бетона? Нам нужно будет столько энергии? Сколько энергии идет на питание инженерных строительных машин? Это тоже будет значительно снижено! Главным стимулом является достижение среднего PUE не больше 1.125 для всех наших дата-центров к 2012 году. Более того, у нас есть задача сокращения общего количества меди и воды в дата-центрах. Мы думаем, что эти задачи станут следующей заботой отрасли после того как будет решена энергетическая проблема. Итак, сегодня мы спрашиваем себя…“как можно построить дата-центр с меньшим объемом строительных работ”?
    Строительство дата центров без чиллеров

    We have talked openly and publicly about building chiller-less data centers and running our facilities using aggressive outside economization. Our sincerest hope is that Gen 4 will completely eliminate the use of water. Today’s data centers use massive amounts of water and we see water as the next scarce resource and have decided to take a proactive stance on making water conservation part of our plan.

    Мы открыто и публично говорили о строительстве дата-центров без чиллеров и активном использовании в наших центрах обработки данных технологий свободного охлаждения или фрикулинга. Мы искренне надеемся, что Gen 4 позволит полностью отказаться от использования воды. Современные дата-центры расходуют большие объемы воды и так как мы считаем воду следующим редким ресурсом, мы решили принять упреждающие меры и включить экономию воды в свой план.

    By sharing this with the industry, we believe everyone can benefit from our methodology. While this concept and approach may be intimidating (or downright frightening) to some in the industry, disclosure ultimately is better for all of us.

    Делясь этим опытом с отраслью, мы считаем, что каждый сможет извлечь выгоду из нашей методологией. Хотя эта концепция и подход могут показаться пугающими (или откровенно страшными) для некоторых отраслевых специалистов, раскрывая свои планы мы, в конечном счете, делаем лучше для всех нас.

    Gen 4 design (even more than just containers), could reduce the ‘religious’ debates in our industry. With the central spine infrastructure in place, containers or pre-manufactured server halls can be either AC or DC, air-side economized or water-side economized, or not economized at all (though the sanity of that might be questioned). Gen 4 will allow us to decommission, repair and upgrade quickly because everything is modular. No longer will we be governed by the initial decisions made when constructing the facility. We will have almost unlimited use and re-use of the facility and site. We will also be able to use power in an ultra-fluid fashion moving load from critical to non-critical as use and capacity requirements dictate.

    Проект Gen 4 позволит уменьшить ‘религиозные’ споры в нашей отрасли. Располагая базовой инфраструктурой, контейнеры или сборные серверные могут оборудоваться системами переменного или постоянного тока, воздушными или водяными экономайзерами, или вообще не использовать экономайзеры. Хотя можно подвергать сомнению разумность такого решения. Gen 4 позволит нам быстро выполнять работы по выводу из эксплуатации, ремонту и модернизации, поскольку все будет модульным. Мы больше не будем руководствоваться начальными решениями, принятыми во время строительства дата-центра. Мы сможем использовать этот дата-центр и инфраструктуру в течение почти неограниченного периода времени. Мы также сможем применять сверхгибкие методы использования электрической энергии, переводя оборудование в режимы критической или некритической нагрузки в соответствии с требуемой мощностью.
    Gen 4 – это стандартная платформа

    Finally, we believe this is a big game changer. Gen 4 will provide a standard platform that our industry can innovate around. For example, all modules in our Gen 4 will have common interfaces clearly defined by our specs and any vendor that meets these specifications will be able to plug into our infrastructure. Whether you are a computer vendor, UPS vendor, generator vendor, etc., you will be able to plug and play into our infrastructure. This means we can also source anyone, anywhere on the globe to minimize costs and maximize performance. We want to help motivate the industry to further innovate—with innovations from which everyone can reap the benefits.

    Наконец, мы уверены, что это будет фактором, который значительно изменит ситуацию. Gen 4 будет представлять собой стандартную платформу, которую отрасль сможет обновлять. Например, все модули в нашем Gen 4 будут иметь общепринятые интерфейсы, четко определяемые нашими спецификациями, и оборудование любого поставщика, которое отвечает этим спецификациям можно будет включать в нашу инфраструктуру. Независимо от того производите вы компьютеры, ИБП, генераторы и т.п., вы сможете включать свое оборудование нашу инфраструктуру. Это означает, что мы также сможем обеспечивать всех, в любом месте земного шара, тем самым сводя до минимума затраты и максимальной увеличивая производительность. Мы хотим создать в отрасли мотивацию для дальнейших инноваций – инноваций, от которых каждый сможет получать выгоду.
    Главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen4

    To summarize, the key characteristics of our Generation 4 data centers are:

    Scalable
    Plug-and-play spine infrastructure
    Factory pre-assembled: Pre-Assembled Containers (PACs) & Pre-Manufactured Buildings (PMBs)
    Rapid deployment
    De-mountable
    Reduce TTM
    Reduced construction
    Sustainable measures

    Ниже приведены главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen 4:

    Расширяемость;
    Готовая к использованию базовая инфраструктура;
    Изготовление в заводских условиях: сборные контейнеры (PAC) и сборные здания (PMB);
    Быстрота развертывания;
    Возможность демонтажа;
    Снижение времени вывода на рынок (TTM);
    Сокращение сроков строительства;
    Экологичность;

    Map applications to DC Class

    We hope you join us on this incredible journey of change and innovation!

    Long hours of research and engineering time are invested into this process. There are still some long days and nights ahead, but the vision is clear. Rest assured however, that we as refine Generation 4, the team will soon be looking to Generation 5 (even if it is a bit farther out). There is always room to get better.


    Использование систем электропитания постоянного тока.

    Мы надеемся, что вы присоединитесь к нам в этом невероятном путешествии по миру изменений и инноваций!

    На этот проект уже потрачены долгие часы исследований и проектирования. И еще предстоит потратить много дней и ночей, но мы имеем четкое представление о конечной цели. Однако будьте уверены, что как только мы доведем до конца проект модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения, мы вскоре начнем думать о проекте дата-центра пятого поколения. Всегда есть возможность для улучшений.

    So if you happen to come across Goldilocks in the forest, and you are curious as to why she is smiling you will know that she feels very good about getting very close to ‘JUST RIGHT’.

    Generations of Evolution – some background on our data center designs

    Так что, если вы встретите в лесу девочку по имени Лютик, и вам станет любопытно, почему она улыбается, вы будете знать, что она очень довольна тем, что очень близко подошла к ‘ОПИМАЛЬНОМУ РЕШЕНИЮ’.
    Поколения эволюции – история развития наших дата-центров

    We thought you might be interested in understanding what happened in the first three generations of our data center designs. When Ray Ozzie wrote his Software plus Services memo it posed a very interesting challenge to us. The winds of change were at ‘tornado’ proportions. That “plus Services” tag had some significant (and unstated) challenges inherent to it. The first was that Microsoft was going to evolve even further into an operations company. While we had been running large scale Internet services since 1995, this development lead us to an entirely new level. Additionally, these “services” would span across both Internet and Enterprise businesses. To those of you who have to operate “stuff”, you know that these are two very different worlds in operational models and challenges. It also meant that, to achieve the same level of reliability and performance required our infrastructure was going to have to scale globally and in a significant way.

    Мы подумали, что может быть вам будет интересно узнать историю первых трех поколений наших центров обработки данных. Когда Рэй Оззи написал свою памятную записку Software plus Services, он поставил перед нами очень интересную задачу. Ветра перемен двигались с ураганной скоростью. Это окончание “plus Services” скрывало в себе какие-то значительные и неопределенные задачи. Первая заключалась в том, что Майкрософт собиралась в еще большей степени стать операционной компанией. Несмотря на то, что мы управляли большими интернет-сервисами, начиная с 1995 г., эта разработка подняла нас на абсолютно новый уровень. Кроме того, эти “сервисы” охватывали интернет-компании и корпорации. Тем, кому приходится всем этим управлять, известно, что есть два очень разных мира в области операционных моделей и задач. Это также означало, что для достижения такого же уровня надежности и производительности требовалось, чтобы наша инфраструктура располагала значительными возможностями расширения в глобальных масштабах.

    It was that intense atmosphere of change that we first started re-evaluating data center technology and processes in general and our ideas began to reach farther than what was accepted by the industry at large. This was the era of Generation 1. As we look at where most of the world’s data centers are today (and where our facilities were), it represented all the known learning and design requirements that had been in place since IBM built the first purpose-built computer room. These facilities focused more around uptime, reliability and redundancy. Big infrastructure was held accountable to solve all potential environmental shortfalls. This is where the majority of infrastructure in the industry still is today.

    Именно в этой атмосфере серьезных изменений мы впервые начали переоценку ЦОД-технологий и технологий вообще, и наши идеи начали выходить за пределы общепринятых в отрасли представлений. Это была эпоха ЦОД первого поколения. Когда мы узнали, где сегодня располагается большинство мировых дата-центров и где находятся наши предприятия, это представляло весь опыт и навыки проектирования, накопленные со времени, когда IBM построила первую серверную. В этих ЦОД больше внимания уделялось бесперебойной работе, надежности и резервированию. Большая инфраструктура была призвана решать все потенциальные экологические проблемы. Сегодня большая часть инфраструктуры все еще находится на этом этапе своего развития.

    We soon realized that traditional data centers were quickly becoming outdated. They were not keeping up with the demands of what was happening technologically and environmentally. That’s when we kicked off our Generation 2 design. Gen 2 facilities started taking into account sustainability, energy efficiency, and really looking at the total cost of energy and operations.

    Очень быстро мы поняли, что стандартные дата-центры очень быстро становятся устаревшими. Они не поспевали за темпами изменений технологических и экологических требований. Именно тогда мы стали разрабатывать ЦОД второго поколения. В этих дата-центрах Gen 2 стали принимать во внимание такие факторы как устойчивое развитие, энергетическая эффективность, а также общие энергетические и эксплуатационные.

    No longer did we view data centers just for the upfront capital costs, but we took a hard look at the facility over the course of its life. Our Quincy, Washington and San Antonio, Texas facilities are examples of our Gen 2 data centers where we explored and implemented new ways to lessen the impact on the environment. These facilities are considered two leading industry examples, based on their energy efficiency and ability to run and operate at new levels of scale and performance by leveraging clean hydro power (Quincy) and recycled waste water (San Antonio) to cool the facility during peak cooling months.

    Мы больше не рассматривали дата-центры только с точки зрения начальных капитальных затрат, а внимательно следили за работой ЦОД на протяжении его срока службы. Наши объекты в Куинси, Вашингтоне, и Сан-Антонио, Техас, являются образцами наших ЦОД второго поколения, в которых мы изучали и применяли на практике новые способы снижения воздействия на окружающую среду. Эти объекты считаются двумя ведущими отраслевыми примерами, исходя из их энергетической эффективности и способности работать на новых уровнях производительности, основанных на использовании чистой энергии воды (Куинси) и рециклирования отработанной воды (Сан-Антонио) для охлаждения объекта в самых жарких месяцах.

    As we were delivering our Gen 2 facilities into steel and concrete, our Generation 3 facilities were rapidly driving the evolution of the program. The key concepts for our Gen 3 design are increased modularity and greater concentration around energy efficiency and scale. The Gen 3 facility will be best represented by the Chicago, Illinois facility currently under construction. This facility will seem very foreign compared to the traditional data center concepts most of the industry is comfortable with. In fact, if you ever sit around in our container hanger in Chicago it will look incredibly different from a traditional raised-floor data center. We anticipate this modularization will drive huge efficiencies in terms of cost and operations for our business. We will also introduce significant changes in the environmental systems used to run our facilities. These concepts and processes (where applicable) will help us gain even greater efficiencies in our existing footprint, allowing us to further maximize infrastructure investments.

    Так как наши ЦОД второго поколения строились из стали и бетона, наши центры обработки данных третьего поколения начали их быстро вытеснять. Главными концептуальными особенностями ЦОД третьего поколения Gen 3 являются повышенная модульность и большее внимание к энергетической эффективности и масштабированию. Дата-центры третьего поколения лучше всего представлены объектом, который в настоящее время строится в Чикаго, Иллинойс. Этот ЦОД будет выглядеть очень необычно, по сравнению с общепринятыми в отрасли представлениями о дата-центре. Действительно, если вам когда-либо удастся побывать в нашем контейнерном ангаре в Чикаго, он покажется вам совершенно непохожим на обычный дата-центр с фальшполом. Мы предполагаем, что этот модульный подход будет способствовать значительному повышению эффективности нашего бизнеса в отношении затрат и операций. Мы также внесем существенные изменения в климатические системы, используемые в наших ЦОД. Эти концепции и технологии, если применимо, позволят нам добиться еще большей эффективности наших существующих дата-центров, и тем самым еще больше увеличивать капиталовложения в инфраструктуру.

    This is definitely a journey, not a destination industry. In fact, our Generation 4 design has been under heavy engineering for viability and cost for over a year. While the demand of our commercial growth required us to make investments as we grew, we treated each step in the learning as a process for further innovation in data centers. The design for our future Gen 4 facilities enabled us to make visionary advances that addressed the challenges of building, running, and operating facilities all in one concerted effort.

    Это определенно путешествие, а не конечный пункт назначения. На самом деле, наш проект ЦОД четвертого поколения подвергался серьезным испытаниям на жизнеспособность и затраты на протяжении целого года. Хотя необходимость в коммерческом росте требовала от нас постоянных капиталовложений, мы рассматривали каждый этап своего развития как шаг к будущим инновациям в области дата-центров. Проект наших будущих ЦОД четвертого поколения Gen 4 позволил нам делать фантастические предположения, которые касались задач строительства, управления и эксплуатации объектов как единого упорядоченного процесса.


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    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)

  • 17 modular data center

    1. модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)

     

    модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
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    [Интент]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    [ http://loosebolts.wordpress.com/2008/12/02/our-vision-for-generation-4-modular-data-centers-one-way-of-getting-it-just-right/]

    [ http://dcnt.ru/?p=9299#more-9299]

    Data Centers are a hot topic these days. No matter where you look, this once obscure aspect of infrastructure is getting a lot of attention. For years, there have been cost pressures on IT operations and this, when the need for modern capacity is greater than ever, has thrust data centers into the spotlight. Server and rack density continues to rise, placing DC professionals and businesses in tighter and tougher situations while they struggle to manage their IT environments. And now hyper-scale cloud infrastructure is taking traditional technologies to limits never explored before and focusing the imagination of the IT industry on new possibilities.

    В настоящее время центры обработки данных являются широко обсуждаемой темой. Куда ни посмотришь, этот некогда малоизвестный аспект инфраструктуры привлекает все больше внимания. Годами ИТ-отделы испытывали нехватку средств и это выдвинуло ЦОДы в центр внимания, в то время, когда необходимость в современных ЦОДах стала как никогда высокой. Плотность серверов и стоек продолжают расти, все больше усложняя ситуацию для специалистов в области охлаждения и организаций в их попытках управлять своими ИТ-средами. И теперь гипермасштабируемая облачная инфраструктура подвергает традиционные технологии невиданным ранее нагрузкам, и заставляет ИТ-индустрию искать новые возможности.

    At Microsoft, we have focused a lot of thought and research around how to best operate and maintain our global infrastructure and we want to share those learnings. While obviously there are some aspects that we keep to ourselves, we have shared how we operate facilities daily, our technologies and methodologies, and, most importantly, how we monitor and manage our facilities. Whether it’s speaking at industry events, inviting customers to our “Microsoft data center conferences” held in our data centers, or through other media like blogging and white papers, we believe sharing best practices is paramount and will drive the industry forward. So in that vein, we have some interesting news to share.

    В компании MicroSoft уделяют большое внимание изучению наилучших методов эксплуатации и технического обслуживания своей глобальной инфраструктуры и делятся результатами своих исследований. И хотя мы, конечно, не раскрываем некоторые аспекты своих исследований, мы делимся повседневным опытом эксплуатации дата-центров, своими технологиями и методологиями и, что важнее всего, методами контроля и управления своими объектами. Будь то доклады на отраслевых событиях, приглашение клиентов на наши конференции, которые посвящены центрам обработки данных MicroSoft, и проводятся в этих самых дата-центрах, или использование других средств, например, блоги и спецификации, мы уверены, что обмен передовым опытом имеет первостепенное значение и будет продвигать отрасль вперед.

    Today we are sharing our Generation 4 Modular Data Center plan. This is our vision and will be the foundation of our cloud data center infrastructure in the next five years. We believe it is one of the most revolutionary changes to happen to data centers in the last 30 years. Joining me, in writing this blog are Daniel Costello, my director of Data Center Research and Engineering and Christian Belady, principal power and cooling architect. I feel their voices will add significant value to driving understanding around the many benefits included in this new design paradigm.

    Сейчас мы хотим поделиться своим планом модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения. Это наше видение и оно будет основанием для инфраструктуры наших облачных дата-центров в ближайшие пять лет. Мы считаем, что это одно из самых революционных изменений в дата-центрах за последние 30 лет. Вместе со мной в написании этого блога участвовали Дэниел Костелло, директор по исследованиям и инжинирингу дата-центров, и Кристиан Белади, главный архитектор систем энергоснабжения и охлаждения. Мне кажется, что их авторитет придаст больше веса большому количеству преимуществ, включенных в эту новую парадигму проектирования.

    Our “Gen 4” modular data centers will take the flexibility of containerized servers—like those in our Chicago data center—and apply it across the entire facility. So what do we mean by modular? Think of it like “building blocks”, where the data center will be composed of modular units of prefabricated mechanical, electrical, security components, etc., in addition to containerized servers.

    Was there a key driver for the Generation 4 Data Center?

    Наши модульные дата-центры “Gen 4” будут гибкими с контейнерами серверов – как серверы в нашем чикагском дата-центре. И гибкость будет применяться ко всему ЦОД. Итак, что мы подразумеваем под модульностью? Мы думаем о ней как о “строительных блоках”, где дата-центр будет состоять из модульных блоков изготовленных в заводских условиях электрических систем и систем охлаждения, а также систем безопасности и т.п., в дополнение к контейнеризованным серверам.
    Был ли ключевой стимул для разработки дата-центра четвертого поколения?


    If we were to summarize the promise of our Gen 4 design into a single sentence it would be something like this: “A highly modular, scalable, efficient, just-in-time data center capacity program that can be delivered anywhere in the world very quickly and cheaply, while allowing for continued growth as required.” Sounds too good to be true, doesn’t it? Well, keep in mind that these concepts have been in initial development and prototyping for over a year and are based on cumulative knowledge of previous facility generations and the advances we have made since we began our investments in earnest on this new design.

    Если бы нам нужно было обобщить достоинства нашего проекта Gen 4 в одном предложении, это выглядело бы следующим образом: “Центр обработки данных с высоким уровнем модульности, расширяемости, и энергетической эффективности, а также возможностью постоянного расширения, в случае необходимости, который можно очень быстро и дешево развертывать в любом месте мира”. Звучит слишком хорошо для того чтобы быть правдой, не так ли? Ну, не забывайте, что эти концепции находились в процессе начальной разработки и создания опытного образца в течение более одного года и основываются на опыте, накопленном в ходе развития предыдущих поколений ЦОД, а также успехах, сделанных нами со времени, когда мы начали вкладывать серьезные средства в этот новый проект.

    One of the biggest challenges we’ve had at Microsoft is something Mike likes to call the ‘Goldilock’s Problem’. In a nutshell, the problem can be stated as:

    The worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is not have enough capacity online, thus limiting the growth of our products and services.

    Одну из самых больших проблем, с которыми приходилось сталкиваться Майкрософт, Майк любит называть ‘Проблемой Лютика’. Вкратце, эту проблему можно выразить следующим образом:

    Самое худшее, что может быть при строительстве ЦОД для бизнеса, это не располагать достаточными производственными мощностями, и тем самым ограничивать рост наших продуктов и сервисов.

    The second worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is to have too much capacity online.

    А вторым самым худшим моментом в этой сфере может слишком большое количество производственных мощностей.

    This has led to a focus on smart, intelligent growth for the business — refining our overall demand picture. It can’t be too hot. It can’t be too cold. It has to be ‘Just Right!’ The capital dollars of investment are too large to make without long term planning. As we struggled to master these interesting challenges, we had to ensure that our technological plan also included solutions for the business and operational challenges we faced as well.
    So let’s take a high level look at our Generation 4 design

    Это заставило нас сосредоточиваться на интеллектуальном росте для бизнеса — refining our overall demand picture. Это не должно быть слишком горячим. И это не должно быть слишком холодным. Это должно быть ‘как раз, таким как надо!’ Нельзя делать такие большие капиталовложения без долгосрочного планирования. Пока мы старались решить эти интересные проблемы, мы должны были гарантировать, что наш технологический план будет также включать решения для коммерческих и эксплуатационных проблем, с которыми нам также приходилось сталкиваться.
    Давайте рассмотрим наш проект дата-центра четвертого поколения

    Are you ready for some great visuals? Check out this video at Soapbox. Click here for the Microsoft 4th Gen Video.

    It’s a concept video that came out of my Data Center Research and Engineering team, under Daniel Costello, that will give you a view into what we think is the future.

    From a configuration, construct-ability and time to market perspective, our primary goals and objectives are to modularize the whole data center. Not just the server side (like the Chicago facility), but the mechanical and electrical space as well. This means using the same kind of parts in pre-manufactured modules, the ability to use containers, skids, or rack-based deployments and the ability to tailor the Redundancy and Reliability requirements to the application at a very specific level.


    Посмотрите это видео, перейдите по ссылке для просмотра видео о Microsoft 4th Gen:

    Это концептуальное видео, созданное командой отдела Data Center Research and Engineering, возглавляемого Дэниелом Костелло, которое даст вам наше представление о будущем.

    С точки зрения конфигурации, строительной технологичности и времени вывода на рынок, нашими главными целями и задачами агрегатирование всего дата-центра. Не только серверную часть, как дата-центр в Чикаго, но также системы охлаждения и электрические системы. Это означает применение деталей одного типа в сборных модулях, возможность использования контейнеров, салазок, или стоечных систем, а также возможность подстраивать требования избыточности и надежности для данного приложения на очень специфичном уровне.

    Our goals from a cost perspective were simple in concept but tough to deliver. First and foremost, we had to reduce the capital cost per critical Mega Watt by the class of use. Some applications can run with N-level redundancy in the infrastructure, others require a little more infrastructure for support. These different classes of infrastructure requirements meant that optimizing for all cost classes was paramount. At Microsoft, we are not a one trick pony and have many Online products and services (240+) that require different levels of operational support. We understand that and ensured that we addressed it in our design which will allow us to reduce capital costs by 20%-40% or greater depending upon class.


    Нашими целями в области затрат были концептуально простыми, но трудно реализуемыми. В первую очередь мы должны были снизить капитальные затраты в пересчете на один мегаватт, в зависимости от класса резервирования. Некоторые приложения могут вполне работать на базе инфраструктуры с резервированием на уровне N, то есть без резервирования, а для работы других приложений требуется больше инфраструктуры. Эти разные классы требований инфраструктуры подразумевали, что оптимизация всех классов затрат имеет преобладающее значение. В Майкрософт мы не ограничиваемся одним решением и располагаем большим количеством интерактивных продуктов и сервисов (240+), которым требуются разные уровни эксплуатационной поддержки. Мы понимаем это, и учитываем это в своем проекте, который позволит нам сокращать капитальные затраты на 20%-40% или более в зависимости от класса.

    For example, non-critical or geo redundant applications have low hardware reliability requirements on a location basis. As a result, Gen 4 can be configured to provide stripped down, low-cost infrastructure with little or no redundancy and/or temperature control. Let’s say an Online service team decides that due to the dramatically lower cost, they will simply use uncontrolled outside air with temperatures ranging 10-35 C and 20-80% RH. The reality is we are already spec-ing this for all of our servers today and working with server vendors to broaden that range even further as Gen 4 becomes a reality. For this class of infrastructure, we eliminate generators, chillers, UPSs, and possibly lower costs relative to traditional infrastructure.

    Например, некритичные или гео-избыточные системы имеют низкие требования к аппаратной надежности на основе местоположения. В результате этого, Gen 4 можно конфигурировать для упрощенной, недорогой инфраструктуры с низким уровнем (или вообще без резервирования) резервирования и / или температурного контроля. Скажем, команда интерактивного сервиса решает, что, в связи с намного меньшими затратами, они будут просто использовать некондиционированный наружный воздух с температурой 10-35°C и влажностью 20-80% RH. В реальности мы уже сегодня предъявляем эти требования к своим серверам и работаем с поставщиками серверов над еще большим расширением диапазона температур, так как наш модуль и подход Gen 4 становится реальностью. Для подобного класса инфраструктуры мы удаляем генераторы, чиллеры, ИБП, и, возможно, будем предлагать более низкие затраты, по сравнению с традиционной инфраструктурой.

    Applications that demand higher level of redundancy or temperature control will use configurations of Gen 4 to meet those needs, however, they will also cost more (but still less than traditional data centers). We see this cost difference driving engineering behavioral change in that we predict more applications will drive towards Geo redundancy to lower costs.

    Системы, которым требуется более высокий уровень резервирования или температурного контроля, будут использовать конфигурации Gen 4, отвечающие этим требованиям, однако, они будут также стоить больше. Но все равно они будут стоить меньше, чем традиционные дата-центры. Мы предвидим, что эти различия в затратах будут вызывать изменения в методах инжиниринга, и по нашим прогнозам, это будет выражаться в переходе все большего числа систем на гео-избыточность и меньшие затраты.

    Another cool thing about Gen 4 is that it allows us to deploy capacity when our demand dictates it. Once finalized, we will no longer need to make large upfront investments. Imagine driving capital costs more closely in-line with actual demand, thus greatly reducing time-to-market and adding the capacity Online inherent in the design. Also reduced is the amount of construction labor required to put these “building blocks” together. Since the entire platform requires pre-manufacture of its core components, on-site construction costs are lowered. This allows us to maximize our return on invested capital.

    Еще одно достоинство Gen 4 состоит в том, что он позволяет нам разворачивать дополнительные мощности, когда нам это необходимо. Как только мы закончим проект, нам больше не нужно будет делать большие начальные капиталовложения. Представьте себе возможность более точного согласования капитальных затрат с реальными требованиями, и тем самым значительного снижения времени вывода на рынок и интерактивного добавления мощностей, предусматриваемого проектом. Также снижен объем строительных работ, требуемых для сборки этих “строительных блоков”. Поскольку вся платформа требует предварительного изготовления ее базовых компонентов, затраты на сборку также снижены. Это позволит нам увеличить до максимума окупаемость своих капиталовложений.
    Мы все подвергаем сомнению

    In our design process, we questioned everything. You may notice there is no roof and some might be uncomfortable with this. We explored the need of one and throughout our research we got some surprising (positive) results that showed one wasn’t needed.

    В своем процессе проектирования мы все подвергаем сомнению. Вы, наверное, обратили внимание на отсутствие крыши, и некоторым специалистам это могло не понравиться. Мы изучили необходимость в крыше и в ходе своих исследований получили удивительные результаты, которые показали, что крыша не нужна.
    Серийное производство дата центров


    In short, we are striving to bring Henry Ford’s Model T factory to the data center. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford#Model_T. Gen 4 will move data centers from a custom design and build model to a commoditized manufacturing approach. We intend to have our components built in factories and then assemble them in one location (the data center site) very quickly. Think about how a computer, car or plane is built today. Components are manufactured by different companies all over the world to a predefined spec and then integrated in one location based on demands and feature requirements. And just like Henry Ford’s assembly line drove the cost of building and the time-to-market down dramatically for the automobile industry, we expect Gen 4 to do the same for data centers. Everything will be pre-manufactured and assembled on the pad.

    Мы хотим применить модель автомобильной фабрики Генри Форда к дата-центру. Проект Gen 4 будет способствовать переходу от модели специализированного проектирования и строительства к товарно-производственному, серийному подходу. Мы намерены изготавливать свои компоненты на заводах, а затем очень быстро собирать их в одном месте, в месте строительства дата-центра. Подумайте о том, как сегодня изготавливается компьютер, автомобиль или самолет. Компоненты изготавливаются по заранее определенным спецификациям разными компаниями во всем мире, затем собираются в одном месте на основе спроса и требуемых характеристик. И точно так же как сборочный конвейер Генри Форда привел к значительному уменьшению затрат на производство и времени вывода на рынок в автомобильной промышленности, мы надеемся, что Gen 4 сделает то же самое для дата-центров. Все будет предварительно изготавливаться и собираться на месте.
    Невероятно энергоэффективный ЦОД


    And did we mention that this platform will be, overall, incredibly energy efficient? From a total energy perspective not only will we have remarkable PUE values, but the total cost of energy going into the facility will be greatly reduced as well. How much energy goes into making concrete? Will we need as much of it? How much energy goes into the fuel of the construction vehicles? This will also be greatly reduced! A key driver is our goal to achieve an average PUE at or below 1.125 by 2012 across our data centers. More than that, we are on a mission to reduce the overall amount of copper and water used in these facilities. We believe these will be the next areas of industry attention when and if the energy problem is solved. So we are asking today…“how can we build a data center with less building”?

    А мы упоминали, что эта платформа будет, в общем, невероятно энергоэффективной? С точки зрения общей энергии, мы получим не только поразительные значения PUE, но общая стоимость энергии, затраченной на объект будет также значительно снижена. Сколько энергии идет на производство бетона? Нам нужно будет столько энергии? Сколько энергии идет на питание инженерных строительных машин? Это тоже будет значительно снижено! Главным стимулом является достижение среднего PUE не больше 1.125 для всех наших дата-центров к 2012 году. Более того, у нас есть задача сокращения общего количества меди и воды в дата-центрах. Мы думаем, что эти задачи станут следующей заботой отрасли после того как будет решена энергетическая проблема. Итак, сегодня мы спрашиваем себя…“как можно построить дата-центр с меньшим объемом строительных работ”?
    Строительство дата центров без чиллеров

    We have talked openly and publicly about building chiller-less data centers and running our facilities using aggressive outside economization. Our sincerest hope is that Gen 4 will completely eliminate the use of water. Today’s data centers use massive amounts of water and we see water as the next scarce resource and have decided to take a proactive stance on making water conservation part of our plan.

    Мы открыто и публично говорили о строительстве дата-центров без чиллеров и активном использовании в наших центрах обработки данных технологий свободного охлаждения или фрикулинга. Мы искренне надеемся, что Gen 4 позволит полностью отказаться от использования воды. Современные дата-центры расходуют большие объемы воды и так как мы считаем воду следующим редким ресурсом, мы решили принять упреждающие меры и включить экономию воды в свой план.

    By sharing this with the industry, we believe everyone can benefit from our methodology. While this concept and approach may be intimidating (or downright frightening) to some in the industry, disclosure ultimately is better for all of us.

    Делясь этим опытом с отраслью, мы считаем, что каждый сможет извлечь выгоду из нашей методологией. Хотя эта концепция и подход могут показаться пугающими (или откровенно страшными) для некоторых отраслевых специалистов, раскрывая свои планы мы, в конечном счете, делаем лучше для всех нас.

    Gen 4 design (even more than just containers), could reduce the ‘religious’ debates in our industry. With the central spine infrastructure in place, containers or pre-manufactured server halls can be either AC or DC, air-side economized or water-side economized, or not economized at all (though the sanity of that might be questioned). Gen 4 will allow us to decommission, repair and upgrade quickly because everything is modular. No longer will we be governed by the initial decisions made when constructing the facility. We will have almost unlimited use and re-use of the facility and site. We will also be able to use power in an ultra-fluid fashion moving load from critical to non-critical as use and capacity requirements dictate.

    Проект Gen 4 позволит уменьшить ‘религиозные’ споры в нашей отрасли. Располагая базовой инфраструктурой, контейнеры или сборные серверные могут оборудоваться системами переменного или постоянного тока, воздушными или водяными экономайзерами, или вообще не использовать экономайзеры. Хотя можно подвергать сомнению разумность такого решения. Gen 4 позволит нам быстро выполнять работы по выводу из эксплуатации, ремонту и модернизации, поскольку все будет модульным. Мы больше не будем руководствоваться начальными решениями, принятыми во время строительства дата-центра. Мы сможем использовать этот дата-центр и инфраструктуру в течение почти неограниченного периода времени. Мы также сможем применять сверхгибкие методы использования электрической энергии, переводя оборудование в режимы критической или некритической нагрузки в соответствии с требуемой мощностью.
    Gen 4 – это стандартная платформа

    Finally, we believe this is a big game changer. Gen 4 will provide a standard platform that our industry can innovate around. For example, all modules in our Gen 4 will have common interfaces clearly defined by our specs and any vendor that meets these specifications will be able to plug into our infrastructure. Whether you are a computer vendor, UPS vendor, generator vendor, etc., you will be able to plug and play into our infrastructure. This means we can also source anyone, anywhere on the globe to minimize costs and maximize performance. We want to help motivate the industry to further innovate—with innovations from which everyone can reap the benefits.

    Наконец, мы уверены, что это будет фактором, который значительно изменит ситуацию. Gen 4 будет представлять собой стандартную платформу, которую отрасль сможет обновлять. Например, все модули в нашем Gen 4 будут иметь общепринятые интерфейсы, четко определяемые нашими спецификациями, и оборудование любого поставщика, которое отвечает этим спецификациям можно будет включать в нашу инфраструктуру. Независимо от того производите вы компьютеры, ИБП, генераторы и т.п., вы сможете включать свое оборудование нашу инфраструктуру. Это означает, что мы также сможем обеспечивать всех, в любом месте земного шара, тем самым сводя до минимума затраты и максимальной увеличивая производительность. Мы хотим создать в отрасли мотивацию для дальнейших инноваций – инноваций, от которых каждый сможет получать выгоду.
    Главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen4

    To summarize, the key characteristics of our Generation 4 data centers are:

    Scalable
    Plug-and-play spine infrastructure
    Factory pre-assembled: Pre-Assembled Containers (PACs) & Pre-Manufactured Buildings (PMBs)
    Rapid deployment
    De-mountable
    Reduce TTM
    Reduced construction
    Sustainable measures

    Ниже приведены главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen 4:

    Расширяемость;
    Готовая к использованию базовая инфраструктура;
    Изготовление в заводских условиях: сборные контейнеры (PAC) и сборные здания (PMB);
    Быстрота развертывания;
    Возможность демонтажа;
    Снижение времени вывода на рынок (TTM);
    Сокращение сроков строительства;
    Экологичность;

    Map applications to DC Class

    We hope you join us on this incredible journey of change and innovation!

    Long hours of research and engineering time are invested into this process. There are still some long days and nights ahead, but the vision is clear. Rest assured however, that we as refine Generation 4, the team will soon be looking to Generation 5 (even if it is a bit farther out). There is always room to get better.


    Использование систем электропитания постоянного тока.

    Мы надеемся, что вы присоединитесь к нам в этом невероятном путешествии по миру изменений и инноваций!

    На этот проект уже потрачены долгие часы исследований и проектирования. И еще предстоит потратить много дней и ночей, но мы имеем четкое представление о конечной цели. Однако будьте уверены, что как только мы доведем до конца проект модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения, мы вскоре начнем думать о проекте дата-центра пятого поколения. Всегда есть возможность для улучшений.

    So if you happen to come across Goldilocks in the forest, and you are curious as to why she is smiling you will know that she feels very good about getting very close to ‘JUST RIGHT’.

    Generations of Evolution – some background on our data center designs

    Так что, если вы встретите в лесу девочку по имени Лютик, и вам станет любопытно, почему она улыбается, вы будете знать, что она очень довольна тем, что очень близко подошла к ‘ОПИМАЛЬНОМУ РЕШЕНИЮ’.
    Поколения эволюции – история развития наших дата-центров

    We thought you might be interested in understanding what happened in the first three generations of our data center designs. When Ray Ozzie wrote his Software plus Services memo it posed a very interesting challenge to us. The winds of change were at ‘tornado’ proportions. That “plus Services” tag had some significant (and unstated) challenges inherent to it. The first was that Microsoft was going to evolve even further into an operations company. While we had been running large scale Internet services since 1995, this development lead us to an entirely new level. Additionally, these “services” would span across both Internet and Enterprise businesses. To those of you who have to operate “stuff”, you know that these are two very different worlds in operational models and challenges. It also meant that, to achieve the same level of reliability and performance required our infrastructure was going to have to scale globally and in a significant way.

    Мы подумали, что может быть вам будет интересно узнать историю первых трех поколений наших центров обработки данных. Когда Рэй Оззи написал свою памятную записку Software plus Services, он поставил перед нами очень интересную задачу. Ветра перемен двигались с ураганной скоростью. Это окончание “plus Services” скрывало в себе какие-то значительные и неопределенные задачи. Первая заключалась в том, что Майкрософт собиралась в еще большей степени стать операционной компанией. Несмотря на то, что мы управляли большими интернет-сервисами, начиная с 1995 г., эта разработка подняла нас на абсолютно новый уровень. Кроме того, эти “сервисы” охватывали интернет-компании и корпорации. Тем, кому приходится всем этим управлять, известно, что есть два очень разных мира в области операционных моделей и задач. Это также означало, что для достижения такого же уровня надежности и производительности требовалось, чтобы наша инфраструктура располагала значительными возможностями расширения в глобальных масштабах.

    It was that intense atmosphere of change that we first started re-evaluating data center technology and processes in general and our ideas began to reach farther than what was accepted by the industry at large. This was the era of Generation 1. As we look at where most of the world’s data centers are today (and where our facilities were), it represented all the known learning and design requirements that had been in place since IBM built the first purpose-built computer room. These facilities focused more around uptime, reliability and redundancy. Big infrastructure was held accountable to solve all potential environmental shortfalls. This is where the majority of infrastructure in the industry still is today.

    Именно в этой атмосфере серьезных изменений мы впервые начали переоценку ЦОД-технологий и технологий вообще, и наши идеи начали выходить за пределы общепринятых в отрасли представлений. Это была эпоха ЦОД первого поколения. Когда мы узнали, где сегодня располагается большинство мировых дата-центров и где находятся наши предприятия, это представляло весь опыт и навыки проектирования, накопленные со времени, когда IBM построила первую серверную. В этих ЦОД больше внимания уделялось бесперебойной работе, надежности и резервированию. Большая инфраструктура была призвана решать все потенциальные экологические проблемы. Сегодня большая часть инфраструктуры все еще находится на этом этапе своего развития.

    We soon realized that traditional data centers were quickly becoming outdated. They were not keeping up with the demands of what was happening technologically and environmentally. That’s when we kicked off our Generation 2 design. Gen 2 facilities started taking into account sustainability, energy efficiency, and really looking at the total cost of energy and operations.

    Очень быстро мы поняли, что стандартные дата-центры очень быстро становятся устаревшими. Они не поспевали за темпами изменений технологических и экологических требований. Именно тогда мы стали разрабатывать ЦОД второго поколения. В этих дата-центрах Gen 2 стали принимать во внимание такие факторы как устойчивое развитие, энергетическая эффективность, а также общие энергетические и эксплуатационные.

    No longer did we view data centers just for the upfront capital costs, but we took a hard look at the facility over the course of its life. Our Quincy, Washington and San Antonio, Texas facilities are examples of our Gen 2 data centers where we explored and implemented new ways to lessen the impact on the environment. These facilities are considered two leading industry examples, based on their energy efficiency and ability to run and operate at new levels of scale and performance by leveraging clean hydro power (Quincy) and recycled waste water (San Antonio) to cool the facility during peak cooling months.

    Мы больше не рассматривали дата-центры только с точки зрения начальных капитальных затрат, а внимательно следили за работой ЦОД на протяжении его срока службы. Наши объекты в Куинси, Вашингтоне, и Сан-Антонио, Техас, являются образцами наших ЦОД второго поколения, в которых мы изучали и применяли на практике новые способы снижения воздействия на окружающую среду. Эти объекты считаются двумя ведущими отраслевыми примерами, исходя из их энергетической эффективности и способности работать на новых уровнях производительности, основанных на использовании чистой энергии воды (Куинси) и рециклирования отработанной воды (Сан-Антонио) для охлаждения объекта в самых жарких месяцах.

    As we were delivering our Gen 2 facilities into steel and concrete, our Generation 3 facilities were rapidly driving the evolution of the program. The key concepts for our Gen 3 design are increased modularity and greater concentration around energy efficiency and scale. The Gen 3 facility will be best represented by the Chicago, Illinois facility currently under construction. This facility will seem very foreign compared to the traditional data center concepts most of the industry is comfortable with. In fact, if you ever sit around in our container hanger in Chicago it will look incredibly different from a traditional raised-floor data center. We anticipate this modularization will drive huge efficiencies in terms of cost and operations for our business. We will also introduce significant changes in the environmental systems used to run our facilities. These concepts and processes (where applicable) will help us gain even greater efficiencies in our existing footprint, allowing us to further maximize infrastructure investments.

    Так как наши ЦОД второго поколения строились из стали и бетона, наши центры обработки данных третьего поколения начали их быстро вытеснять. Главными концептуальными особенностями ЦОД третьего поколения Gen 3 являются повышенная модульность и большее внимание к энергетической эффективности и масштабированию. Дата-центры третьего поколения лучше всего представлены объектом, который в настоящее время строится в Чикаго, Иллинойс. Этот ЦОД будет выглядеть очень необычно, по сравнению с общепринятыми в отрасли представлениями о дата-центре. Действительно, если вам когда-либо удастся побывать в нашем контейнерном ангаре в Чикаго, он покажется вам совершенно непохожим на обычный дата-центр с фальшполом. Мы предполагаем, что этот модульный подход будет способствовать значительному повышению эффективности нашего бизнеса в отношении затрат и операций. Мы также внесем существенные изменения в климатические системы, используемые в наших ЦОД. Эти концепции и технологии, если применимо, позволят нам добиться еще большей эффективности наших существующих дата-центров, и тем самым еще больше увеличивать капиталовложения в инфраструктуру.

    This is definitely a journey, not a destination industry. In fact, our Generation 4 design has been under heavy engineering for viability and cost for over a year. While the demand of our commercial growth required us to make investments as we grew, we treated each step in the learning as a process for further innovation in data centers. The design for our future Gen 4 facilities enabled us to make visionary advances that addressed the challenges of building, running, and operating facilities all in one concerted effort.

    Это определенно путешествие, а не конечный пункт назначения. На самом деле, наш проект ЦОД четвертого поколения подвергался серьезным испытаниям на жизнеспособность и затраты на протяжении целого года. Хотя необходимость в коммерческом росте требовала от нас постоянных капиталовложений, мы рассматривали каждый этап своего развития как шаг к будущим инновациям в области дата-центров. Проект наших будущих ЦОД четвертого поколения Gen 4 позволил нам делать фантастические предположения, которые касались задач строительства, управления и эксплуатации объектов как единого упорядоченного процесса.


    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > modular data center

  • 18 Merz, Charles Hesterman

    [br]
    b. 5 October 1874 Gateshead, England
    d. 14 October 1940 London, England
    [br]
    English engineer who pioneered large-scale integration of electricity-supply networks, which led to the inauguration of the British grid system.
    [br]
    Merz was educated at Bootham School in York and Armstrong College in Newcastle. He served an apprenticeship with the Newcastle Electric Supply Company at their first power station, Pandon Dene, and part of his training was at Robey and Company of Lincoln, steam engine builders, and the British Thomson-Houston Company, electrical equipment manufacturers. After working at Bankside in London and at Croydon, he became Manager of the Croydon supply undertaking. In 1898 he went to Cork on behalf of BTH to build and manage a tramway and electricity company. It was there that he met William McLellan, who later joined him in establishing a firm of consulting engineers. Merz, with his vision of large-scale electricity supply, pioneered an integrated traction and electricity scheme in north-eastern England. He was involved in the reorganization of electricity schemes in many countries and established a reputation as a leading parliamentary witness. Merz was appointed Director of Experiments and Research at the Admiralty, where his main contribution was the creation of an organization of outstanding engineers and scientists during the First World War. In 1925 he was largely responsible for a report of the Weir Committee which led to the Electricity (Supply) Act of 1926, the formation of the Central Electricity Board and the construction of the National Grid. The choice of 132 kV as the original grid voltage was that of Merz and his associates, as was the origin of the term "grid". Merz and his firm produced many technical innovations, including the first power-system control room and Merz-Price and Merz-Hunter forms of cable and transformer protection.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1931.
    Bibliography
    1903–4, with W.McLennan, "Power station design", Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 33:696–742 (a classic on its subject).
    1929, "The national scheme of electricity supply in Great Britain", Proceedings of the British Association, Johannesburg.
    Further Reading
    J.Rowland, 1960, Progress in Power. The Contribution of Charles Merz and His Associates to Sixty Years of Electrical Development 1899–1959, London (the most detailed account).
    L.Hannah, 1979, Electricity Before Nationalisation, London.
    ——, 1985, Dictionary of Business Biography, ed. J.Jeremy, London, pp. 221–7 (a short account).
    GW

    Biographical history of technology > Merz, Charles Hesterman

  • 19 Junkers, Hugo

    SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace
    [br]
    b. 3 February 1859 Rheydt, Germany
    d. 3 February 1935 Munich, Germany
    [br]
    German aircraft designer, pioneer of all-metal aircraft, including the world's first real airliner.
    [br]
    Hugo Junkers trained as an engineer and in 1895 founded the Junkers Company, which manufactured metal products including gas-powered hot-water heaters. He was also Professor of Thermodynamics at the high school in Aachen. The visits to Europe by the Wright brothers in 1908 and 1909 aroused his interest in flight, and in 1910 he was granted a patent for a flying wing, i.e. no fuselage and a thick wing which did not require external bracing wires. Using his sheet-metal experience he built the more conventional Junkers J 1 entirely of iron and steel. It made its first flight in December 1915 but was rather heavy and slow, so Junkers turned to the newly available aluminium alloys and built the J 4 bi-plane, which entered service in 1917. To stiffen the thin aluminium-alloy skins, Junkers used corrugations running fore and aft, a feature of his aircraft for the next twenty years. Incidentally, in 1917 the German authorities persuaded Junkers and Fokker to merge, but the Junkers-Fokker Company was short-lived.
    After the First World War Junkers very rapidly converted to commercial aviation, and in 1919 he produced a single-engined low-wing monoplane capable of carrying four passengers in an enclosed cabin. The robust all-metal F 13 is generally accepted as being the world's first airliner and over three hundred were built and used worldwide: some were still in service eighteen years later. A series of low-wing transport aircraft followed, of which the best known is the Ju 52. The original version had a single engine and first flew in 1930; a three-engined version flew in 1932 and was known as the Ju 52/3m. This was used by many airlines and served with the Luftwaffe throughout the Second World War, with almost five thousand being built.
    Junkers was always ready to try new ideas, such as a flap set aft of the trailing edge of the wing that became known as the "Junkers flap". In 1923 he founded a company to design and manufacture stationary diesel engines and aircraft petrol engines. Work commenced on a diesel aero-engine: this flew in 1929 and a successful range of engines followed later. Probably the most spectacular of Junkers's designs was his G 38 airliner of 1929. This was the world's largest land-plane at the time, with a wing span of 44 m (144 ft). The wing was so thick that some of the thirty-four passengers could sit in the wing and look out through windows in the leading edge. Two were built and were frequently seen on European routes.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1923, "Metal aircraft construction", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, London.
    Further Reading
    G.Schmitt, 1988, Hugh Junkers and His Aircraft, Berlin.
    1990, Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War I, London: Jane's (provides details of Junkers's aircraft).
    P. St J.Turner and H.J.Nowarra, 1971, Junkers: An Aircraft Album, London.
    JDS

    Biographical history of technology > Junkers, Hugo

  • 20 Kettering, Charles Franklin

    [br]
    b. 29 August 1876 near Londonsville, Ohio, USA
    d. 25 November 1958 Dayton, Ohio, USA
    [br]
    American engineer and inventor.
    [br]
    Kettering gained degrees in mechanical and electrical engineering from Ohio State University. He was employed by the National Construction Register (NCR) of Dayton, Ohio, where he devised an electric motor for use in cash registers. He became Head of the Inventions Department of that company but left in 1909 to form, with the former Works Manager of NCR, Edward A. Deeds, the Dayton Engineering Laboratories (later called Delco), to develop improved lighting and ignition systems for automobiles. In the first two years of the new company he produced not only these but also the first self-starter, both of which were fitted to the Cadillac, America's leading luxury car. In 1914 he founded Dayton Metal Products and the Dayton Wright Airplane Company. Two years later Delco was bought by General Motors. In 1925 the independent research facilities of Delco were moved to Detroit and merged with General Motors' laboratories to form General Motors Research Corporation, of which Kettering was President and General Manager. (He had been Vice-President of General Motors since 1920.) In that position he headed investigations into methods of achieving maximum engine performance as well as into the nature of friction and combustion. Many other developments in the automobile field were made under his leadership, such as engine coolers, variable-speed transmissions, balancing machines, the two-way shock absorber, high-octane fuel, leaded petrol or gasoline, fast-drying lacquers, crank-case ventilators, chrome plating, and the high-compression automobile engine. Among his other activities were the establishment of the Charles Franklin Kettering Foundation for the Study of Chlorophyll and Photosynthesis at Antioch College, and the founding of the Sloan- Kettering Institute for Cancer Research in New York City. He sponsored the Fever Therapy Research Project at Miami Valley Hospital at Dayton, which developed the hypertherm, or artificial fever machine, for use in the treatment of disease. He resigned from General Motors in 1947.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Kettering, Charles Franklin

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