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from+inside

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1 ἐντός

ἐντός

Grammatical information: adv. and prep.

Meaning: `inside' (Il.).

Derivatives: ἔντοσθε(ν), rare ἔντοθεν (after ἔνδοθεν, ἔκτοθεν etc.) `(from) inside' (ep. Ion., Il.;) with ἐντόσθια and ἐντοσθίδια n. pl. `intestines' (Hp., Arist.; cf. Chantraine Formation 39), with the adj. ἐντόσθιος, - ίδιος `of the intestines' (medic. a. o.); cf. below. - Comparative ἐντότερος `inner' (LXX).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [314] * h₁entos `(from) inside'

Etymology: With Lat. intus `(from) inside' identical; IE formation in - tos (e. g. Skt. i-táḥ `from here', Lat. peni-tus `[from] inside') to the adverb *en; s. ἔν. Cf. ἐκτός. - ἐντόσθια not with Vendryes REGr. 23, 74 from *ἐντόστια (after ἔντοσθε) = Skt. antastya- n. `intestines'; the word belongs to Skt. antár `inside' (s. ἔντερον) with regular replacement of -r by -s- in sandhi before suffix - tya-.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐντός
2 ἔνδον

ἔνδον

Grammatical information: adv.

Meaning: `inside, at home' (Il.).

Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in ἐνδο-μάχᾱς `fighting at home' (Pi.), ἐνδό-μυχος `who has his hiding place inside' (S.), - μενία, ἐνδουχία `furniture, movables' (Plb.; ἐνδυμενία Phryn., Pap.; after δύομαι `go inside'?).

Derivatives: ἔνδο-θεν (like οἴκο-θεν etc..) `from inside, from the house' (Il.), ἔνδο-θι = ἔνδον (Hom.); on ἐνδοθίδιος s. below; ἐνδοσε (acc.?) = εἴσω (Keos), ἔνδω (Delph.; after ἔξω). Compar. and superl. ἐνδοτέρω (Hp., postclass.), - τάτω (postclass.); late ἐνδότερος, - τατος (VI^p). - Through mixing with ἐντός arose ἐνδός (Dor.; cf. Kretschmer Glotta 27,11) with ἐνδοσθίδια pl. `intestines' (Epidaur.), with Cret. development ἐνδοθίδιος `living at home' (Gort.), ἐνδόσθια (LXX) = ἐντόσθια. After οἴκοι a. o. ἔνδοι (Lesb. Dor.; see Solmsen Wortforschung 114); on ἐνδάπιος s. v.; unclear ἐνδύλω ἔνδοθεν H. (like μικκύλος, δριμύλος? Baunack Phil. 70, 383). ἐνδινα s.v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [??; cf. 198] * h₁endon `inside'

Etymology: ἔνδον is identical with Hitt. andan `in it'; also anda `id.' = Lat. endo. Often explained as `in the house', from ἐν and an endingless locative of the root noun for `house' in δά-πεδον, δεσ-πότης, δόμ-ος (s. vv.); one adduces the expression Διὸς ἔνδον ἀγηγέρατο Υ 13, but the gen. can as well be elliptic; s. Vendryes MSL 15, 358ff. - Schwyzer 625f., Schwyzer-Debrunner 546f., Lejeune Les adv. en - θεν (s. index), Brugmann Grundr.² 2: 2, 723 w. n. 1. DELG rejects this view: it fits neither form nor meaning. Cf. Meid AAHG 1974, 54

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔνδον
3 ἔσωθεν

ἔσωθεν adv. of place (Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.; pap, LXX; TestSol; TestAbr A 12 p. 90, 20 [Stone p. 28]; JosAs 10:8).

① extension from a source that is inside, from inside (Hdt. 7, 36, 2; Aeneas Tact. 1636; Ath., R. 22 p. 75, 21) Lk 11:7. ἔ. ἐκπορεύεσθαι come fr. within Mk 7:23; fuller ἔ. ἐκ τῆς καρδίας vs. 21.

② pert. to the inner part of an object, inside, within (Hdt. et al.; Epict.; POxy 1449, 44; LXX; TestAbr A 12 p. 90, 20 [Stone p. 28]; EpArist 89; Jos., Ant. 14, 477; 15, 424; Tat. 22, 1) Mt 7:15; 23:25, 27f; IRo 7:2. αὐλὴν τὴν ἔ. Rv 11:2 v.l. Used w. ἔξωθεν (Epict. 4, 11, 18; Gen 6:14; Ex 25:11) 2 Cor 7:5. ἔ. καὶ ἔξωθεν inward and outward IRo 3:2; Rv 5:1 v.l. (for ἔσωθεν κ. ὄπισθεν, s. γράφω 2b). κυκλόθεν καὶ ἔ. all around and within 4:8.—τὸ ἔ. ὑμῶν (ὑμῖν P⁷⁵) your inner nature Lk 11:39. τὸ ἔξωθεν κ. τὸ ἔ. vs. 40. οἱ ἔσωθεν=οἱ ἔσω (s. ἔσω 2) 1 Cor 5:12 v.l.—M-M. TW. Sv.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἔσωθεν
4 ἔνδοθεν

ἔνδοθεν, Adv.

A from within, Od.20.101, Ar.Nu. 1164 (lyr.), etc.; ὑπό τινων ἔνδοθεν πρασσόντών Th.2.79
:

c gen., ἔ. στέγης from inside the tent, S.Aj. 741.

2 of oneself, by one's own doing, A. Th. 194; οὔτ' ἔ. οὔτε θύραθεν neither of oneself nor by help of others, S.Tr. 1021 (lyr.).

II within, c. gen., αὐλῆς Il.6.247
; οἴκου v. l. in Hes. Op. 523.

2 abs., θυμὸν τέρπεται ἔ. Pi.P.2.74, cf. Hdt.2.68, Com.Adesp.21.31 D., etc.; εἴ οἱ φρένες.. νοήμονες ἔ. ἦσαν Theoc.25.80
; οἱ ἔ. the domestics, Ar.Pl. 228, 964; also, the citizens, Pl.Ti. 17d; ὁ ἔ. θόρυβος Th.8.71
; τἄνδοθεν ibid. (but, the inner man, Pl.Phdr. 279b); ὁ καρπὸς ὁ ἔ. the produce of her own property, Leg.Gort.3.27.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἔνδοθεν
5 ἀνασπαστός

ἀνα-σπαστός, όν,

A drawn up, Ar.V. 382: but mostly, dragged up the country, of tribes compelled to emigrate into Central Asia, ἀνασπαστοὺς ποιῆσαι τοὺς Παίονας ἐς τὴν Ἀσίην Hdt.5.12
; τούτους ἐξ Αἰγύπτου ἀ. ἐποίησαν παρὰ βασιλέα Id.4.204
, cf. 6.9, 32; τοὺς ἀ. κατοικίζειν Id.3.93
; εὐθὺς ἀ. removing hastily, Plb.2.53.5.

2 of a door or gate, drawn back, opened from inside, S. Ant. 1186.

II as Subst., οἱ ἀ. (sc. ἱμάντες) latchets, Ath.12. 543f.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀνασπαστός
6 ἔντερα

ἔντερα

Grammatical information: n. pl.

Meaning: `intestines, bowels', also sg. `gut' (Il.).

Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in ἐντερο-κήλη `breach of the intestines, Hernia' (Dsc., Gal.; s. Risch IF 59, 285, Strömberg Wortstudien 69).

Derivatives: Deminut. ἐντερίδια (Com.); also ἐντέριον (M. Ant. 6, 13?; form and meaning uncertain); ἐντεριώνη `inside of a fruit, heart-wood of a plant, a tree' (Hp., Thphr.; Strömberg Theophrastea 127f.); formation as ἰασιώνη, εἰρεσιώνη (Chantraine Formation 208); ἐντερόνεια (Ar. Eq. 1185) meaning unclear; acc. to H. and Suid. = ἐντεριώνη; adjectives ἐντερικός `of the ἔ.' (Arist.), ἐντέρινος `made from bowels' (Sch.); denomin. verb ἐντερεύω `take out fishes' (Kom.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [313] * h₁entero- `what is inside'

Etymology: Old word for intestines identical with Arm. ǝnder-k`, -ac̣ pl. (Gr. LW [loanword]?, Hübschmann Armen. Gramm. 1, 447f.), identical with OWNo. iđrar pl. (PGm. * inÞerōz). The original adjectivial meaning in Skt. ántara-, Av. antara- `being inside', with Osc. Entraí dat. sg. *`Interae', name of a goddess; in Latin replaced by interior. IE * h₁enter-o, adjective from an adv. * enter, preserved in Skt. antár `inside', Lat. inter `between'. Besides OHG untar, Osc. anter `under' = `between' from the zero grade *n̥ter; further see Pok. 313, W.-Hofmann s. inter, interior, Ernout-Meillet s. in. - The basis is the adverb *en (s. ἔν) with the comparative-suffix - ter; s. Benveniste Noms d'agent 120f.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔντερα
7 ἀπό

ἀπό (Hom.+) prep. w. gen. (see the lit. on ἀνά, beg., also for ἀπό: KDieterich, IndogF 24, 1909, 93–158; LfgrE s.v.). Basic sense ‘separation from’ someone or someth., fr. which the other uses have developed. In the NT it has encroached on the domain of Att. ἐκ, ὑπό, παρά, and the gen. of separation; s. Mlt. 102; 246; Mlt-Turner 258f.

① a marker to indicate separation from a place, whether person or thing, from, away from

ⓐ w. all verbs denoting motion, esp. those compounded w. ἀπό: ἀπάγεσθαι, ἀπαλλάσσεσθαι, ἀπελαύνειν, ἀπέρχεσθαι, ἀπολύεσθαι, ἀποπλανᾶσθαι, ἀποστέλλειν, ἀποφεύγειν, ἀποχωρεῖν, ἀποχωρίζεσθαι; but also w. ἀνίστασθαι, διαστῆναι, διέρχεσθαι, ἐκδημεῖν, ἐκκινεῖν, ἐκπλεῖν, ἐκπορεύεσθαι, ἐξέρχεσθαι, ἐξωθεῖν, ἐπιδιδόναι, μεταβαίνειν, μετατίθεσθαι, νοσφίζειν, παραγίνεσθαι, πλανᾶσθαι, πορεύεσθαι, ὑπάγειν, ὑποστρέφειν, φεύγειν; s. the entries in question.

ⓑ w. all verbs expressing the idea of separation ἐκβάλλειν τὸ κάρφος ἀ. τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ remove the splinter fr. the eye Mt 7:4 v.l. (for ἐκ). ἐξέβαλον ἀπὸ τῆς πήρας αὐτῶν δῶρα they set forth gifts out of their travel bags GJs 21:3. ἀπολύεσθαι ἀ. ἀνδρός be divorced fr. her husband Lk 16:18, cp. Ac 15:33. ἀποκυλίειν, ἀπολαμβάνεσθαι, ἀποστρέφειν, ἐπιστρέφεσθαι, ἐπανάγειν, αἴρειν, ἀφαιρεῖν, ἀπολέσθαι, μερίζειν et al., s. the pertinent entries. So also κενὸς ἀ. τινος Hs 9, 19, 2. ἔρημος ἀ. τινος (Jer 51:2) 2 Cl 2:3. W. verbs which express the concept of separation in the wider sense, like loose, free, acquit et al. ἀπορφανίζειν, ἀποσπᾶν, διεγείρεσθαι, δικαιοῦν, ἐκδικοῦν, ἐλευθεροῦν, λούειν, λύειν, λυτροῦν, ῥαντίζειν, σαλεύειν, στέλλειν, σῴζειν, φθείρειν, s. the entries; hence also ἀθῷος (Sus 46 Theod. v.l.) Mt 27:24. καθαρὸς ἀ. τινος (Tob 3:14; but s. Dssm. NB 24 [BS 196; 216]) Ac 20:26; cp. Kuhring 54.

ⓒ verbs meaning be on guard, be ashamed, etc., take ἀπό to express the occasion or object of their caution, shame, or fear; so αἰσχύνεσθαι, βλέπειν, μετανοεῖν, προσέχειν, φοβεῖσθαι, φυλάσσειν, φυλάσσεσθαι; s. 5 below.

ⓓ w. verbs of concealing, hiding, hindering, the pers. from whom someth. is concealed is found w. ἀπό; so κρύπτειν τι ἀπό τινος, παρακαλύπτειν τι ἀπό τινος, κωλύειν τι ἀπό τινος; s. the entries.

ⓔ in pregnant constr. like ἀνάθεμα εἶναι ἀ. τοῦ Χριστοῦ be separated fr. Christ by a curse Ro 9:3. μετανοεῖν ἀ. τ. κακίας (Jer 8:6) Ac 8:22. ἀποθνῄσκειν ἀ. τινος through death become free from Col 2:20. φθείρεσθαι ἀ. τ. ἁπλότητος be ruinously diverted from wholehearted commitment 2 Cor 11:3. Cp. Hs 6, 2, 4.

ⓕ as a substitute for the partitive gen. (Hdt. 6, 27, 2; Thu. 7, 87, 6; PPetr III, 11, 20; PIand 8, 6; Kuhring 20; Rossberg 22; Johannessohn, Präp. 17) τίνα ἀ. τῶν δύο; Mt 27:21, cp. Lk 9:38; 19:39 (like PTebt 299, 13; 1 Macc 1:13; 3:24; Sir 6:6; 46:8). τὰ ἀ. τοῦ πλοίου pieces of the ship Ac 27:44. ἐκχεῶ ἀ. τοῦ πνεύματός μου Ac 2:17f (Jo 3:1f). λαμβάνειν ἀ. τ. καρπῶν get a share of the vintage Mk 12:2 (cp. Just., A I, 65, 5 μεταλαβεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ … ἄρτου).—Of foods (as in Da 1:13, 4:33a; 2 Macc 7:1) ἐσθίειν ἀ. τ. ψιχίων eat some of the crumbs Mt 15:27; Mk 7:28. χορτάζεσθαι ἀ. τινος eat one’s fill of someth. Lk 16:21. αἴρειν ἀ. τῶν ἰχθύων pick up the remnants of the fish Mk 6:43. ἐνέγκατε ἀ. τ. ὀψαρίων bring some of the fish J 21:10 (the only instance of this usage in J; s. M-EBoismard, Le chapitre 21 de Saint Jean: RB 54 [’47] 492).—Of drink (cp. Sir 26:12) πίνειν ἀπὸ τ. γενήματος τῆς ἀμπέλου drink the product of the vine Lk 22:18.

② to indicate the point from which someth. begins, whether lit. or fig.

ⓐ of place from, out from (Just., D. 86, 1 ἀπὸ τῆς πέτρας ὕδωρ ἀναβλύσαν ‘gushing out of the rock’) σημεῖον ἀ. τ. οὐρανοῦ a sign fr. heaven Mk 8:11. ἀ. πόλεως εἰς πόλιν from one city to another Mt 23:34. ἀπʼ ἄκρων οὐρανῶν ἕως ἄκρων αὐτῶν (Dt 30:4; Ps 18:7) from one end of heaven to the other 24:31, cp. Mk 13:27. ἀπʼ ἄνωθεν ἕως κάτω from top to bottom Mt 27:51. ἀρξάμενοι ἀ. Ἰερουσαλήμ beginning in Jerusalem Lk 24:47 (s. also Lk 23:5; Ac 1:22; 10:37). ἀφʼ ὑμῶν ἐξήχηται ὁ λόγος τ. κυρίου the word of the Lord has gone out from you and sounded forth 1 Th 1:8. ἀπὸ βορρᾶ, ἀπὸ νότου in the north, in the south (PCairGoodsp 6, 5 [129 B.C.] ἐν τῷ ἀπὸ νότου πεδίῳ; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 11A col. 1, 12f [123 B.C.] τὸ ἀπὸ νότου τῆς πόλεως χῶμα; ln. 7 ἀπὸ βορρᾶ τῆς πόλεως; 70, 16 al.; Josh 18:5; 19:34; 1 Km 14:5) Rv 21:13.

ⓑ of time from … (on), since (POxy 523, 4; Mel., HE 4, 26, 8; s. Kuhring 54ff).

α. ἀ. τῶν ἡμερῶν Ἰωάννου from the days of John Mt 11:12. ἀ. τῆς ὥρας ἐκείνης 9:22. ἀπʼ ἐκείνης τ. ἡμέρας (Jos., Bell. 4, 318, Ant. 7, 382) Mt 22:46; J 11:53. ἔτη ἑπτὰ ἀ. τῆς παρθενίας αὐτῆς for seven years fr. the time she was a virgin Lk 2:36. ἀ. ἐτῶν δώδεκα for 12 years 8:43. ἀ. τρίτης ὥρας τῆς νυκτός Ac 23:23. ἀ. κτίσεως κόσμου Ro 1:20. ἀ. πέρυσι since last year, a year ago 2 Cor 8:10; 9:2.—ἀπʼ αἰῶνος, ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς, ἀπʼ ἄρτι (also ἀπαρτί and ἄρτι), ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου, ἀπὸ τότε, ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν; s. the pertinent entries.

β. w. the limits defined, forward and backward: ἀπὸ … ἕως (Jos., Ant. 6, 364) Mt 27:45. ἀπὸ … ἄχρι Phil 1:5. ἀπὸ … μέχρι Ac 10:30; Ro 5:14; 15:19.

γ. ἀφʼ ἧς (sc. ὥρας or ἡμέρας, which is found Col 1:6, 9; but ἀφʼ ἧς became a fixed formula: ParJer 7:28; Plut., Pelop. [285] 15, 5; s. B-D-F §241, 2) since Lk 7:45 (Renehan ’75, 36f); Ac 24:11; 2 Pt 3:4 (cp. X., Hell. 4, 6, 6; 1 Macc 1:11). ἀφʼ οὗ (sc.—as in X., Cyr. 1, 2, 13—χρόνου; Att. ins in Meisterhans.³-Schw. and s. Witkowski, index 163; ἀφʼ οὗ is also a formula) since, when once (X., Symp. 4, 62; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 16 Jac.; Lucian, Dial. Mar. 15, 1; Ex 5:23 GrBar 3:6) Lk 13:25; 24:21; Rv 16:18 (cp. Da 12:1; 1 Macc 9:29; 16:24; 2 Macc 1:7; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 23; GrBar; Jos., Ant. 4, 78). τρία ἔτη ἀφʼ οὗ (cp. Tob 5:35 S) Lk 13:7. ἀφότε s. ὅτε 1aγ end.

ⓒ the beg. of a series from … (on).

α. ἀρξάμενος ἀ. Μωϋσέως καὶ ἀ. πάντων τ. προφητῶν beginning w. Moses and all the prophets Lk 24:27. ἕβδομος ἀ. Ἀδάμ Jd 14 (Diod S 1, 50, 3 ὄγδοος ὁ ἀπὸ τοῦ πατρός [ancestor]; Appian, Mithrid. 9 §29 τὸν ἕκτον ἀπὸ τοῦ πρώτου Μιθριδάτην; Arrian, Anab. 7, 12, 4; Diog. L. 3, 1: Plato in the line of descent was ἕκτος ἀπὸ Σόλωνος; Biogr. p. 31: Homer δέκατος ἀπὸ Μουσαίου). ἀ. διετοῦς καὶ κατωτέρω Mt 2:16 (cp. Num 1:20; 2 Esdr 3:8).

β. w. both beg. and end given ἀπὸ … ἕως (Sir 18:26; 1 Macc 9:13) Mt 1:17; 23:35; Ac 8:10. Sim., ἀ. δόξης εἰς δόξαν fr. glory to glory 2 Cor 3:18.

③ to indicate origin or source, from

ⓐ lit., with verbs of motion

α. down from πίπτειν ἀ. τραπέζης Mt 15:27. καθεῖλεν δυνάστας ἀ. θρόνων God has dethroned rulers Lk 1:52.

β. from ἔρχεσθαι ἀ. θεοῦ J 3:2; cp. 13:3; 16:30. παραγίνεται ἀ. τῆς Γαλιλαίας Mt 3:13; ἀ. ἀνατολῶν ἥξουσιν 8:11 (Is 49:12; 59:19); ἀ. τοῦ ἱεροῦ ἐπορεύετο 24:1; ἀ. Παμφυλίας Ac 15:38. ἐγείρεσθαι ἀ. τ. νεκρῶν be raised from the dead Mt 14:2.

ⓑ lit., to indicate someone’s local origin from (Hom. et al.; Soph., El. 701; Hdt. 8, 114; ins [RevArch 4 sér. IV 1904 p. 9 ἀπὸ Θεσσαλονίκης]; pap [HBraunert, Binnenwanderung ’64, 384, s.v.; PFlor 14, 2; 15, 5; 17, 4; 22, 13 al.]; Judg 12:8; 13:2; 17:1 [all three acc. to B]; 2 Km 23:20 al.; Jos., Bell. 3, 422, Vi. 217; Just., A I, 1 τῶν ἀπὸ Φλαουί̈ας Νέας πόλεως; s. B-D-F §209, 3; Rob. 578) ἦν ἀ. Βηθσαϊδά he was from B. J 1:44; cp. 12:21. ὄχλοι ἀ. τῆς Γαλιλαίας crowds fr. Galilee Mt 4:25. ἄνδρες ἀ. παντὸς ἔθνους Ac 2:5. ἀνὴρ ἀ. τοῦ ὄχλου a man fr. the crowd Lk 9:38. ὁ προφήτης ὁ ἀ. Ναζαρέθ Mt 21:11. οἱ ἀ. Κιλικίας the Cilicians Ac 6:9. οἱ ἀδελφοὶ οἱ ἀ. Ἰόππης 10:23 (Musaeus 153 παρθένος ἀπʼ Ἀρκαδίας; Just., A I, 58, 1 Μακρίωνα … τὸν ἀπὸ Πόντου). οἱ ἀ. Θεσσαλονίκης Ἰουδαῖοι 17:13. οἱ ἀ. τῆς Ἰταλίας the Italians Hb 13:24, who could be inside as well as outside Italy (cp. Dssm., Her. 33, 1898, 344, LO 167, 1 [LAE 200, 3]; Mlt. 237; B-D-F §437).—Rather denoting close association οἱ ἀ. τῆς ἐκκλησίας members of the church Ac 12:1; likew. 15:5 (cp. Plut., Cato Min. 4, 2 οἱ ἀπὸ τ. στοᾶς φιλόσοφοι; Ps.-Demetr. c. 68 οἱ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ=his [Isocrates’] pupils; Synes., Ep. 4 p. 162b; 66 p. 206c; PTebt 33, 3 [112 B.C.], Ῥωμαῖος τῶν ἀπὸ συγκλήτου; Ar. 15, 1 Χριστιανοὶ γενεαλογοῦνται ἀπὸ … Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ; Ath.).—To indicate origin in the sense of material fr. which someth. is made (Hdt. 7, 65; Theocr. 15, 117; IPriene 117, 72 ἀπὸ χρυσοῦ; 1 Esdr 8:56; Sir 43:20 v.l.) ἔνδυμα ἀ. τριχῶν καμήλου clothing made of camel’s hair Mt 3:4.

ⓒ fig., w. verbs of asking, desiring, to denote the pers. of or from whom a thing is asked (Ar. 11, 3): δανίσασθαι ἀπό τινος borrow fr. someone Mt 5:42. ἐκζητεῖν ἀ. τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης Lk 11:51. ἀπαιτεῖν τι ἀπό τινος Lk 12:20. ζητεῖν τι ἀπό τινος 1 Th 2:6. λαμβάνειν τι ἀπό τινος Mt 17:25f; 3J 7.

ⓓ fig., w. verbs of perceiving, to indicate source of the perception (Lysias, Andoc. 6; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 6, 399b ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων θεωρεῖται ὁ θεός; Appian, Liby. 104 §493 ἀπὸ τῆς σφραγῖδος=[recognize a corpse] by the seal-ring; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 2, 1 στοχάζεσθαι ἀπὸ τῶν ὀνομάτων; Just., D. 60, 1 τοῦτο νοοῦμεν ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων τῶν προλελεγμένων; 100, 2 ἀπὸ τῶν γραφῶν): ἀ. τῶν καρπῶν αὐτῶν ἐπιγνώσεσθε αὐτούς by their fruits you will know them Mt 7:16, 20. μανθάνειν παραβολὴν ἀ. τῆς συκῆς learn a lesson from the fig tree 24:32; Mk 13:28. ἀπὸ τῶν σπερμάτων μὴ ποιεῖσθαι τὴν παραβολήν if we are not to derive our parable solely from reference to seeds (cp. 1 Cor 15:37) AcPlCor 2:28.—Also μανθάνειν τι ἀπό τινος learn someth. fr. someone Gal 3:2; Col 1:7.

ⓔ γράψαι ἀφʼ ὧν ἠδυνήθην, lit., write from what I was able, i.e. as well as I could B 21:9 (cp. Tat. 12, 5 οὐκ ἀπὸ γλώττης οὐδὲ ἀπὸ τῶν εἰκότων οὐδὲ ἀπʼ ἐννοιῶν etc.).

④ to indicate distance fr. a point, away from, for μακρὰν ἀ. τινος far fr. someone, ἀπὸ μακρόθεν fr. a great distance s. μακράν, μακρόθεν. ἀπέχειν ἀπό τινος s. ἀπέχω 4. W. detailed measurements (corresp. to Lat. ‘a’, s. B-D-F §161, 1; Rob. 575; WSchulze, Graeca Latina 1901, 15ff; Hdb. on J 11:18; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 12 §42; CB I/2, 390 no. 248) ἦν Βηθανία ἐγγὺς τῶν Ἱεροσολύμων ὡς ἀπὸ σταδίων δεκατέντε Bethany was near Jerusalem, about 15 stades (less than 3 km.) away J 11:18. ὡς ἀπὸ πηχῶν διακοσίων about 200 cubits (c. 90 meters) 21:8. ἀπὸ σταδίων χιλίων ἑξακοσίων about 1600 stades (c. 320 km.) Rv 14:20; cp. Hv 4, 1, 5 (for other examples of this usage, s. Rydbeck 68).—Hebraistically ἀπὸ προσώπου τινός (Gen 16:6; Jer 4:26; Jdth 2:14; Sir 21:2; 1 Macc 5:34; En 103:4; Just., A I, 37, 1 ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ πατρὸς ἐλέχθησαν διὰ Ἠσαίου … οἵδε οἱ λόγοι ‘in the name of the father … through Isaiah’; 38, 1 al.)=מִפְּנֵי פ׳ ( away) from the presence of someone 2 Th 1:9 (Is 2:10, 19, 21); Rv 12:14 (B-D-F §140; 217, 1; Mlt-H. 466).

⑤ to indicate cause, means, or outcome

ⓐ gener., to show the reason for someth. because of, as a result of, for (numerous ref. in FBleek on Hb 5:7; PFay 111, 4; POxy 3314, 7 [from falling off a horse]; Jdth 2:20; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010]; AscIs 3:13; Jos., Ant. 9, 56) οὐκ ἠδύνατο ἀ. τοῦ ὄχλου he could not because of the crowd Lk 19:3; cp. Mk 2:4 D. οὐκ ἐνέβλεπον ἀπὸ τῆς δόξης τοῦ φωτός I could not see because of the brilliance of the light Ac 22:11. ἀ. τοῦ πλήθους τ. ἰχθύων J 21:6 (M-EBoismard, ad loc.: s. 1f end). ἀ. τοῦ ὕδατος for the water Hs 8, 2, 8. ἀ. τῆς θλίψεως because of the persecution Ac 11:19. οὐαὶ τῷ κόσμῳ ἀ. τ. σκανδάλων Mt 18:7 (s. B-D-F §176, 1; Mlt. 246). εἰσακουσθεὶς ἀ. τῆς εὐλαβείας heard because of his piety Hb 5:7 (but the text may be corrupt; at any rate it is obscure and variously interpr.; besides the comm. s. KRomaniuk, Die Gottesfürchtigen im NT: Aegyptus 44, ’64, 84; B-D-F §211; Rob. 580; s. on εὐλάβεια).

ⓑ to indicate means with the help of, with (Hdt. et al.; Ael. Aristid. 37, 23 K.=2 p. 25 D.; PGM 4, 2128f σφράγιζε ἀπὸ ῥύπου=seal with dirt; En 97:8) γεμίσαι τὴν κοιλίαν ἀ. τ. κερατίων fill one’s stomach w. the husks Lk 15:16 v.l. (s. ἐκ 4aζ; cp. Pr 18:20). οἱ πλουτήσαντες ἀπʼ αὐτῆς Rv 18:15 (cp. Sir 11:18).

ⓒ to indicate motive or reason for, from, with (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 13 §52 ἀπʼ εὐνοίας=with goodwill; 1 Macc 6:10; pap exx. in Kuhring 35) κοιμᾶσθαι ἀ. τῆς λύπης sleep from sorrow Lk 22:45. ἀ. τῆς χαρᾶς αὐτοῦ Mt 13:44; cp. Lk 24:41; Ac 12:14. ἀ. τοῦ φόβου κράζειν Mt 14:26, ἀ. φόβου καὶ προσδοκίας with fear and expectation Lk 21:26. Hence verbs of fearing, etc., take ἀ. to show the cause of the fear (s. above 1c) μὴ φοβεῖσθαι ἀ. τ. ἀποκτεννόντων τὸ σῶμα not be afraid of those who kill only the body Mt 10:28; Lk 12:4 (cp. Jdth 5:23; 1 Macc 2:62; 3:22; 8:12; En 106:4).

ⓓ to indicate the originator of the action denoted by the verb from (Trag., Hdt. et al.) ἀ. σοῦ σημεῖον ἰδεῖν Mt 12:38. γινώσκειν ἀπό τινος learn fr. someone Mk 15:45. ἀκούειν ἀ. τοῦ στόματός τινος hear fr. someone’s mouth, i.e. fr. him personally Lk 22:71 (Dionys. Hal. 3, 8 ἀ. στόματος ἤκουσεν); cp. Ac 9:13; 1J 1:5. τὴν ἀ. σοῦ ἐπαγγελίαν a promise given by you Ac 23:21 (cp. Ath. 2, 3 ταῖς ἀπὸ τῶν κατηγόρων αἰτίαις ‘the charges made by the accusers’). ἀφʼ ἑνὸς ἐγενήθησαν Hb 11:12. Prob. παραλαμβάνειν ἀ. τοῦ κυρίου 1 Cor 11:23 is to be understood in the same way: Paul is convinced that he is taught by the Lord himself (for direct teaching s. EBröse, Die Präp. ἀπό 1 Cor 11:23: StKr 71, 1898, 351–60; Dssm.; BWeiss; Ltzm.; H-DWendland. But for indirect communication: Zahn et al.). παραλαβὼν ἀπὸ τῶν θυγατέρων Φιλίππου, ὅτι Papias (11:2); opp. παρειληφέναι ὑπὸ τῶν θ. Φ. (2:9).—Of the more remote cause ἀπʼ ἀνθρώπων from human beings (as opposed to transcendent revelation; w. διʼ ἀνθρώπου; cp. Artem. 1, 73 p. 66, 11 ἀπὸ γυναικῶν ἢ διὰ γυναικῶν; 2, 36 p. 135, 26) Gal 1:1. ἀ. κυρίου πνεύματος fr. the Lord, who is the Spirit 2 Cor 3:18. ἔχειν τι ἀπό τινος have (received) someth. fr. someone 1 Cor 6:19; 1 Ti 3:7; 1J 2:20; 4:21.—In salutation formulas εἰρήνη ἀ. θεοῦ πατρός ἡμῶν peace that comes from God, our father Ro 1:7; 1 Cor 1:3; 2 Cor 1:2; Gal 1:3; Eph 1:2; cp. 6:23; Phil 1:2; Col 1:2; 1 Th 1:1 v.l.; 2 Th 1:2; 1 Ti 1:2; 2 Ti 1:2; Tit 1:4; Phlm 3. σοφία ἀ. θεοῦ wisdom that comes fr. God 1 Cor 1:30. ἔπαινος ἀ. θεοῦ praise fr. God 4:5. καὶ τοῦτο ἀ. θεοῦ and that brought about by God Phil 1:28. The expr. εἰρήνη ἀπὸ ‘ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος’ Rv 1:4 is quite extraordinary. It may be an interpretation of the name Yahweh already current, or an attempt to show reverence for the divine name by preserving it unchanged, or simply one more of the grammatical peculiarities so frequent in Rv (Meyer⁶-Bousset 1906, 159ff; Mlt. 9, note 1; cp. PParis 51, 33 ἀπὸ ἀπηλιότης; Mussies 93f, 328).

ⓔ to indicate responsible agents for someth., from, of

α. the self, st. Gk. usage (Thu. 5, 60, 1; X., Mem. 2, 10, 3; Andoc., Orat. 2, 4 οὗτοι οὐκ ἀφʼ αὑτῶν ταῦτα πράττουσιν; Diod S 17, 56; Num 16:28; 4 Macc 11:3; En 98:4; TestAbr A 15 p. 95, 26 [Stone p. 38]; 18 p. 101, 6 [Stone p. 50]; Just., A I, 43, 8) the expr. ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ (pl. ἀφʼ ἑαυτῶν) of himself and ἀπʼ ἐμαυτοῦ of myself are common Lk 12:57; 21:30; 2 Cor 3:5, esp. so in J: 5:19, 30; 8:28; 10:18; 15:4.—7:17f; 11:51; 14:10; 16:13; 18:34. So also ἀπʼ ἐμαυτοῦ οὐκ ἐλήλυθα I did not come of myself (opp. the Father sent me) 7:28; 8:42.

β. fr. others. W. verbs in the pass. voice or pass. mng. ὑπό is somet. replaced by ἀπό (in isolated cases in older Gk. e.g. Thu. 1, 17 et al. [Kühner-G. II/1 p. 457f]; freq. in later Gk.: Polyb. 1, 79, 14; Hero I 152, 6; 388, 11; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 130, 130 Jac.; IG XII/5, 29, 1; SIG 820, 9; PLond III, 1173, 12 p. 208; BGU 1185, 26; PFlor 150, 6 ἀ. τῶν μυῶν κατεσθιόμενα; PGM 4, 256; Kuhring 36f; 1 Macc 15:17; Sir 16:4; ParJer 1:1 ᾐχμαλωτεύθησαν … ἀπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 62; Just., A I, 68, 6 ἐπιστολὴν … γραφεῖσάν μοι ἀπὸ Σερήνου, D. 121, 3 ἀπὸ παντὸς [γένους] μετάνοιαν πεποιῆσθαι. See B-D-F §210; Rob. 820; GHatzidakis, Einl. in d. neugriech. Gramm. 1892, 211; AJannaris, An Histor. Gk. Grammar 1897, §1507). Yet just at this point the textual tradition varies considerably, and the choice of prep. is prob. at times influenced by the wish to express special nuances of mng. Lk 8:29b v.l. (ὑπό text); 43b (ὑπό v.l.); 10:22 D; ἀποδεδειγμένος ἀ. τ. θεοῦ attested by God Ac 2:22. ἐπικληθεὶς Βαρναβᾶς ἀ. (ὑπό v.l.) τ. ἀποστόλων named B. by the apostles 4:36. κατενεχθεὶς ἀ. τοῦ ὕπνου overcome by sleep 20:9. ἀθετούμενος ἀπὸ τῶν παραχαρασσόντων τὰ λόγια αὐτοῦ inasmuch as (Jesus) is being rejected by those who falsify his words AcPlCor 2:3. νεκροῦ βληθέντος ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ ἐπʼ αὐτά when a corpse was cast upon them (the bones of Elisha) 2:32. In such cases ἀπό freq. denotes the one who indirectly originates an action, and can be transl. at the hands of, by command of: πολλὰ παθεῖν ἀ. τ. πρεσβυτέρων suffer much at the hands of the elders Mt 16:21; cp. Lk 9:22; 17:25, where the emphasis is to be placed on παθεῖν, not on ἀποδοκιμασθῆναι. In ἀ. θεοῦ πειράζομαι the thought is that the temptation is caused by God, though not actually carried out by God Js 1:13. ἡτοιμασμένος ἀ. τοῦ θεοῦ prepared by God’s command, not by God in person Rv 12:6.

⑥ In a few expr. ἀπό helps to take the place of an adverb. ἀπὸ μέρους, s. μέρος 1c.—ἡμέρᾳ ἀφʼ ἡμέρας day by day GJs 12:3.—ἀπὸ μιᾶς (acc. to Wlh., Einl.² 26, an Aramaism, min ḥădā˒=at once [s. MBlack, An Aramaic Approach³, ’67, 113]; but this does not explain the fem. gender, found also in the formulaic ἐπὶ μιᾶς Maxim. Tyr. 6, 3f En 99:9 [s. SAalen, NTS 13, ’67, 3] and in Mod. Gk. μὲ μιᾶς at once [Thumb §162 note 2]. PSI 286, 22 uses ἀπὸ μιᾶς of a payment made ‘at once’; on the phrase s. New Docs 2, 189. Orig. γνώμης might have been a part of the expr. [Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 73], or ὁρμῆς [Thu. 7, 71, 6], or γλώσσης [Cass. Dio 44, 36, 2], or φωνῆς [Herodian 1, 4, 8]; cp. ἀπὸ μιᾶς φωνῆς Plut., Mor. 502d of an echo; s. B-D-F §241, 6) unanimously, alike, in concert Lk 14:18. Sim. ἀπὸ τ. καρδιῶν fr. (your) hearts, sincerely Mt 18:35.—Himerius, Or. 39 [=Or. 5], 6 has as a formula διὰ μιᾶς, probably = continuously, uninterruptedly, Or. 44 [=Or. 8], 2 fuller διὰ μιᾶς τῆς σπουδῆς=with one and the same, or with quite similar zeal.—M-M.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀπό
8 πίνω

πίνω

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to drink'

Other forms: Aeol., also Dor. (Call. Cer. 95) πώνω, fut. πίομαι, aor. ἔπιον, πιεῖν (all Hom.; later πεῖν), ipv. πῖθι (com. a.o.), Aeol. πῶθι, pass. ἐπόθην with fut. ποθήσομαι, perf. act. πέπωκα (all Att.), midd. πέπομαι (Od.); besides as causat. πιπίσκω, fut. πίσω, aor. πῖσαι, πισθῆναι, also w. προ-, ἐν-, συν- a.o. `give to drink, water' (Pi., Hp., Nic.).

Compounds: Very often w. prefix, e.g. κατα-, ἐκ-, προ-, ὑπο-, ἐν-.

Derivatives: Many derivv. (condensed survey): A. From the zero grade πο-, most with τ-sufflx: 1. ποτόν n. `beverage' (Il.), ποτός `drinkable' (trag., Th.; ἔμποτος Aret.), πότος m. `drinking, beverage' (Att., Theoc.); from this πότ-ιμος `drinkable, fresh, pleasant' (IA; Arbenz 50f.), - ικός `inclined towards drinking etc.' (Alc. com., Plu.), most συμ- πίνω `belonging to the bacchanalia, pot companion' (Att.: συμπό-της, - σιον, s. v.); - ίζω, Dor. - ίσδω, also with προ- a.o., `to make drink, to drench' (IA., Theoc.) with - ισμός, - ισμα, - ιστές, - ιστήριον, - ιστρίς, - ίστρα. 2. ποτή f. `drink, draught' (pap.) gen. a. acc. - ῆτος, - ῆτα (Hom.; metr. enlerged, orig. at verse-end; Schwyzer 529 w. n. 1 a. lit.; not haplolog. from *ποτο-τη-τος, - τη-τα with Fraenkel Gnomon 21, 40 a.o.); πότ-ημα n. `(medical) drink' (medic.; enlarged form, Chantraine Form. 178). 3. πόσις f. (also w. προ-, κατα- a.o. in diff. senses) `drinking, drink, bacchanalia' (Il.) with πόσιμος `drinkable' (pap. IV^p, Ps.-Callisth.; cf. πότιμος above); πόμα s.v. 4. ποτήρ m. `drinking cup' (E.), - ήριον n. `id.' (Aeol. IA.); πότης m. `drinker' (only in πότης λύχνος Ar. Nu. 57), f. πότις (com.); both from the usual compp., e.g. συμπό-της (Pi.), οἰνο-πό-της, - τις (Anacr. etc.), disjoined? (Leumann Mus. Helv. 2, 12 = Kl. Schr. 226); superl. ποτίστατος (Ar. a.o.); to this derivv. like συμπόσ-ιον `bacchanalia' (Pi., Alc.), καταπότ-ιον `pill' (medic.; καταπότης `throat' H., Suid.); οἰνοποτ-ά-ζω `to drink wine' (Hom.). 5. καταπό-θρα f. `(region of the) throat' (Paul. Aeg.). -- B. From the full grade: πῶμα n. `draught, drink, beverage' (Att.), ἔκπω-μα n. `drinking ware' (IA.), beside πόμα ( πρό-, κατά-, ἔκ- πίνω) n. `id.' (Pi., Ion. hell.); ἔκπωτις = ἄμπωτις ( Cat. Cod. Astr.); εὔπωνος ὄμβρος εὔποτος H., γακου-πώνης ἡδυπότης H. -- C. From the zero grade πῑ-: 1. πίστρα f., πῖστρα n. pl. `drinks' (E. Kyk., Str.), also πισμός, πιστήρ, πιστήριον H.; with analog. - σ- as 2. πιστός `drinkable, fluid' (A.; after χριστός, Leumann Mus. Helv. 14, 79 = Kl. Schr. 264), πιστικός `id.' (Ev. Marc., Ev. Io.); 3. Boeot. πιτεύω `to drench, to water' with ἀ-πίτευτος `unwatered' (Thespiae III^a), from a noun *πῑτ(ο)-; cf. below. To be rejected Brugmann IF 39, 149 ff. (to πίων, OCS pitati `to feed' etc.); cf. Benveniste BSL 51, 29 f. w. lit.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [839] * peh₃-, piH- `drink'

Etymology: The above system developed on the basis of an IE starting point independently inside Greek. From the imperatives πῖ-θι and πῶ-θι we can conclude to two athematic root-aorists *ἔ-πῑ-ν and *ἔ-πω-ν; to the latter provides Skt. á-pā-m (with pā-hí = πῶ-θι) an exact agreement: IE *é-peh₃-m. As zero grade was pī- in the plur. at home: IE *é-piH-me, which in Skt. was replaced by full grade á-pā-ma but in Greek πῖθι left a trace; note further OCS 2. a. 3. sg. aor. pi. Further, in Greek the athemat. forms wer replaced by the themat. ἔ-πι-ον with generalized zero grade. The origin of the form piH- is not well known. The shortvocalic subj. of this root-aorist lives on in fut. πί-ο-μαι (like ἔδ-ο-μαι; s. ἔδω); to the aorist still the nasal prsesents πί-ν-ω and πώ-ν-ω; cf. ἔ-δῡ-ν: δύ̄-ν-ω. To *ἔ-πῑ-ν was formed the factitive ἔ-πῑ-σα `I gave to drink' after ἔ-στη-ν: ἔ-στη-σα, ἔ-φῡν: ἔ-φῡ-σα a.o.; to this the reduplicated pres. πι-πί-σκω (cf. δι-δά-σκω: δα-ῆναι, βι-βά-σκω: ἔ-βη-σα: ἔ-βη-ν). The strongly spread zero grade πο- ( πέποται, ἐπόθην, πόσις usw.) is a Greek innovation after δο- ( δέδοται, ἐδόθην, δόσις). The perf. act. πέ-πω-κα agrees with Skt. pa-páu, but can also have been created newly to *ἔ-πω-ν. The nominal stem πῑτ- in πιτεύω is inherited and is found also in Skt. pī-tá- `drunk(en)', pī-ti ́'drinking, drink'. The 2. member in εὔ-πωνος and γακου-πώνης agrees with Skt. pā́-na-m n. `drink'. In ablaut deviating are πο-τήρ `drinking cup' (only E.; οἰνο-ποτῆρας acc. pl. θ 456 metr. for - πότας) and Skt. pā-tár- 'drinker', comparable πό-σις and pī-tí- (s. ab.); rather parallel innovations than old inherited material. -- Among the remaining many representatives of this family we mention only the reduplicated zero grade themat. pres. Sk. pí-b-ati, Lat. bi-b-ō, OIr. 2. pl. ipv. i-b-id (phonetically in detail uncertain) and the Lat. nouns pō-tus, pō-culum. (The Skt. caus. pāy-áyati goes back on *po-i-ei̯-, not a full grade *pōi̯-) -- On the histoy of the Greek forms s. Leumann Mus. Helv. 14, 75ff. (= Kl. Schr. 260ff.); further material of the other languages with rich lit. in WP. 2, 71 f., Pok. 839 f., W.-Hofmann s. bibō, Mayrhofer s. píbati and pā́ti ². -- On ἄμπωτις and πῖνον s. v.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πίνω
9 πτερόν

πτερόν Cf. πέτομαι

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `feather, wing, pinion', also metaph. of feather- and wing-like objects (Il.).

Compounds: Compp., e.g. πτερο-φόρος `feathered, winged' (A., E.), ὑπό-πτερος `(swift) winged' (Pi., IA.; on the formation Schwyzer-Debrunner 532 w. n. 6 a. lit.); on ὑπο-πετρ-ίδιος s.v.

Derivatives: 1. πτερό-εις `provided with feathers or wings' (ep. poet. Il.; cf. Kretschmer Glotta 27, 249 a. 278 w. lit., also Yorke Class Quart. 30, 151 f.); opposite ἄ-πτερος (Od.), a.o. of μῦθος (as opposite of ἔπεα πτερόεντα; diff., improbable, Hainsworth Glotta 38, 263ff.); 2. πτερω-τός `id.' (IA.), - τικός `belonging to plumage' (V^p); 3. - μα n. `plumage' (A. fr., Pl. Phdr. a.o.; rather enlarged from πτερόν than from πτερόομαι); 4. πτερό-της f. `winged condition' (Arist.); 5. πτέρ-ων m. n. of an unknown bird ( Com. Adesp.), - νις m. n. of a kind of hawk (Arist.); 6. πτερ-όομαι, - όω, also m. ἐκ-συν-, `to get wings, to become fledged' resp. `to feather, to wing' (IA.) with - ωσις f. `feathering, plumage' (Ar., Arist. etc.). -- Beside it πτέρυξ, -ῠγος f. `wing', like πτερόν often metaph. (Il.). Often as 2. member, e.g. τανύ-πτερυξ (Il.), also πτερόν - πτέρυγ-ος (Simon.) `spreading the wings'; extensively Sommer Nominalkomp. 70f. (cf. on τανύω). -- From πτέρυξ 1. dimin. πτερύγ-ιον n. des. of several winglike objects (Hp., Arist.); 2. - ώδης `wing-like' (Hp., Thphr.); 3. - ωτός `provided with wings' (Arist.); 4. - ωμα n. `poultry etc.' (late); 5. πτερυγ-ίζω, also w. ἀνα- a.o., `to move the wings' (Ar.); - όομαι, - όω meaning unclear (Lesb. lyr. resp. medic.), ἀπο- πτερόν `to lose the wings' (Vett. Val.); πτερ-ύσσω, also w. δια- a.o., `to flap with the wings' (Archil.[?], hell.), perh. from πτερόν; cf. Schwyzer 725 w. lit.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [825] * pet(h₂)- `fly'

Etymology: Beside πτερ-όν stand on the one hand Arm. t`er `side', with lengthened vowel t`i̇r `flight', t`r̄-čim, aor. t`r̄-eay `fly', on the other Skt. pátr-am n. `wing, feather', Lat. acci-piter, - tr-is `hawk', Germ., e.g. OHG fedara, OWNo. fjǫðr f. ' feather', all going back on IE * pter- resp. * petr- (the last also in ὑποπετριδίων ὀνείρων `winged dreams' [Alcm. 23, 49; cf. Kock ad loc.]?). The r-stem is still found in Hitt. patt-ar ( pitt-ar?) n., to which with heteroclit. gen. pl. - an-aš; a continuation of the alternating n-stem a.o. in Lat. penna f. `feather, wing' from * pet-n-ā. At the basis is the verb for `fly' in πέτομαι, πτέ-σθαι, s. v. -- A disyllabic form is seen in Skt. patar-á- `flying', beside which patár-u- `id.', which reminds of the u-stem in πτέρ-υ-ξ(?). As for -( υ)γ- no convincing example inside Greek can be found ( ὄρτυξ and other birdnames are too far off), several connections have been suggested: Skt. pataṅ-g-á- `flying' (for patan- cf. petn- above; on g s. ἀστράγαλος [but this is Pre-Greek]), Av. fra-ptǝrǝǰāt- `bird' (analysis uncertain: from * ptǝrǝ-g- `wing'?), Lat. protervus `turbulent' (from *pro-pterg-u̯os?), OLFr. fetheracco gen. pl. `alarum'. -- Controversial is the connection with Slav. (OCS, Russ. etc.) peró n. `feather', which cannot be directly equated with πτερόν and perh. rather belongs to Skt. parṇám n. `wing, feather, leaf' etc. After Petersson KZ 47, 272 πτερόν would be a cross of *περόν (= Slav. peró) and πτέρυξ. Here further Toch. B parwa pl. `feathers'; cf. v. Windekens Orbis 11, 194. -- Further details w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 20f., Pok. 826, W.-Hofmann s. accipiter, penna, prōtervus, Mayrhofer s. pataráḥ, pátram, parṇám, Vasmer s. peró; also Specht 216f. (much that is uncertain).

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πτερόν
10 σχίζω

σχίζω

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to split, to cut, to separate' (Pi., Hdt., Att. etc.).

Other forms: Aor. σχίσ(σ)αι (Od.), pass. σχισθ-ῆναι (P 316), fut. - ήσομαι, act. σχίσω, perf. midd. ἔσχισμαι (hell. a. late).

Compounds: Very often w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, δια-, ἀνα-, περι-.

Derivatives: A. With unchanged root-auslaut: 1. σχίδα σχίδος σινδόνος, ῥῆγμα (cod. π-) H. like κλάδ-α acc. sg. (Schwyzer 507); if not Dor. or hell. nom. (Kretschmer Glotta 10, 170); as 2. member in ἀπο-, δια-, παρα-σχίδες pl. (rarely sg. - σχίς) f. `secessions, branchings etc.' (medic. a.o.). 2. σχίδ-αξ, - ᾰκος m. `split wood, piece of wood, splinter' (LXX, D. S. a.o.) with - ακηδόν, ὑπο- σχίζω - ακώδης (medic.); cf. χάραξ, κάμαξ a.o. 3. σχίδος την ἀπόσχισιν H.; but - σχιδής, e.g. in ἀ-, ἀκρο-, νεο- σχίζω (hell. a. late) directly from the verb. 4. σχίδ-ια ὠμόλινα H., Lat. schidia f. sg. `chip of wood' (Vitr.). 5. σχιδανός (as πιθανός) in σχίζω - πους (Arist.) = σχιζό-πους `with split feet, toes' (Arist.). -- B. With altered root-auslaut: 1. σχίζα f. `split wood, piece of wood etc.' (Hom., Ar., pap. a.o.), `shaft, javelin' (LXX,AP); from *σχίδ-ι̯α or adapted to σχίζω (Schwyzer 474); dimin. - ίον n. (Poll., Alciphr.); - ίας m. `lath, lath-like' (Cratin., Dikaiarch., hell. pap. a.o.). 2. σχιστός (ἄ- σχίζω etc.) `split' (Hp., Att.). 3. σχίσις ( ἀπό-, διά- a.o.) f. `split, carving' (Pl., Arist. etc.). 4. σχισ-μός ( δια-, περι-, ὑπο-, ἐν-) m. `id.' (A. Ag. 1149, Delph. inscr., pap. a.o.); - μα (also w. ἀπό-, διά- a.o.) n. `split, tear' (Arist., Thphr. etc.); - μή f. `id.' (LXX, H.); from - σμο-, - σμα or from σχιδ-μ- reshaped (Schwyzer 321 a. 493).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [919] * skid- `cut, split, separate'

Etymology: The above words form a system built on an IE basis, which was richly developed inside Greek. For closer comparison esp. the following form can be used: 1. ἀπο-σχίδ-ες = Skt. apa-chíd- f. `section, clipping'. 2. σχιστός = Lat. scissus (from * scid-to-s), Av. a-sista-; diff. Skt. chinná- (from *chid-ná-). 3. Aor. σχίσαι, - ασθαι: Skt. aor. midd. chit-s-i (cf. the reserved remarks in Schwyzer 751). 4. A trace of the old nasalpresent in Lat. sci-n-dō, Skt. chi-ná-d-mi, pl. chi-n-d-ánti `cut off, split' not retained in σκινδάλαμος etc. s.v.. On the other hand the yod-present σχίζω is isolated and is like the other verbforms notably a Greek. innovation. Against identification of σχίζεται and the Skt. pass. chid-yá-te Wackernagel Unt. 133. Beside σχίζω stands with full grade Lith. skíedžiu `separate, divide'. 5. Independent of σχίσις (innovation; cf. πίστις) is Skt. ví-chitti- `interruption'. -- Further cognates, a.o. Arm. c'tim (from * c'it-im) `tear itself, scratch', for Greek without direct interest, in Bq, WP. 2, 543 f., Pok. 920f., W.-Hofmann s. scindō w. lit. -- Lat. LW [loanword] scheda f. `stroke of papyrus' from *σχίδη (or σχίδα?; s. above A. 1), also `concept' through influence of schedium n. `unprepared speech, draft, scetch' = late- a. NGr. σχέδιον `id.' (on the meaning s. σχέδιος to σχεδόν), σχεδάριον; on this till Ital. schizzo, Fr. esquisse, NHG Skizze; s. Kretschmer Glotta 10, 168 ff. == Other words mentioned by Frisk but not cognate with σχίζω s.vv: σκινδαλ(α)μός, σκινδύλιον, σκιδαρόν, σκοιδ-.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σχίζω
11 μέταυλος

μέταυλος

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: attribut. to θύρα (Ar., Lys., Plu.), also substantivized f. `the door that opens from the (outside) court, or from the living of the men, towards the back rooms' (opposite ἡ αὔλειος θύρα `the outside door'), in Vitr. (6, 7, 5) of a corresponding corridor;

Other forms: μέσαυλος (E., Ph. [v. l. - λιος, Vitr.), μέσσαυλος (- ον) `the inner court where the cattle were put for the night' (Hom., A. R. 3, 235); μεσαύλη f. `court inside the houses' (pap. VI^p; reading not quite certain).

Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]

Etymology: Att. μέταυλος indicates as hypostasis either ἡ μετ' αὑλήν ( θύρα), i. e. the court behind the (outward) court, or ἡ μετ' αὑλῆς ( μετ' αὑλῶν θῦρα), i. e. the door in the middle of the court (between both courts); the meaning, which changed with the organisation of the house, cannot be settled without exact knowledge of the plan of the house, cf. the explanations by Wistrand Eranos 37, 16ff.; the etymological analysis is accordingly uncertain. On μεσο- for older μετα- Wackernagel Syntax 2. 242. -- Hom. μέσσαυλος seems however to stand for τὸ μέσον or (εν) μέσσῳ αὑλῆς and "what belongs to the middle of the court" or "what is in the middle of the court", i. e. `middle of the court, inner of the court', cf. Risch IF 59, 19f.; it should then be separated from μέταυλος. In A. R. 3, 235 ep. μέσσαυλος may have been influenced by the later μέσαυλος; late μεσαύλη followed the simplex.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέταυλος
12 μίμαρκυς

μίμαρκυς, - υος

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `hare-soup, jugged hare' from the intestines with their blood (com.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Seems to have reduplication (Schwyzer 423 w. n. 8). A striking, hardly accidental agreement shows a synonymous Germ. word, OE mearh `sausage', Norw. mor `meat-sausage from intestines', OWNo. mǫrr `the fat inside a slaughtered animal' etc., PGm. *márhu-, IE *márku- or *mórku- (Lidén IF 18, 407f., KZ 41, 398f., Meijerbergs Arkiv 1 [Göteborg 1939] 76 ff.); it must then be a very old anatomical expression of cattle-breeders; cf. ἤνυστρον. Further connections are Hitt. mark-, e.g. 3. pl. markanzi `they cut apart'. Not here (thus Chantr.) Lat. murcus `maimed' (WP. 2, 278, Pok. 737, also W.-Hofmann s. marceō). Acc. to Neumann Heth. u. luv. Sprachgut 85 f. μίμαρκυς would have been a loan from Hitt. or another IE Anat. language. - I agree with Fur. 366 n. 95 that the word cannot be IE; the redupl. is clearly Pre-Greek. (DELG reference must be Pok. 737.)

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μίμαρκυς
13 ἀεί

ἀεί, Adv.

A ever, always, Hom., etc.; with other specifications of time, ἐμμενὲς αἰεί Od.21.69
; συνεχὲς αἰ. 9.74
; ἀ. καθ' ἡμέραν, καθ' ἡμέραν ἀ., ἀ. καὶ καθ' ἡμέραν, ἀ. κατ' ἐνιαυτόν, ἀ. διὰ βίου, etc., Pl.Phd. 75d, etc.; ἀ. πανταχοῦ D.21.197
, cf. Ar.Eq..568; διὰ παντὸς ἀ. Pax 397
; ἐνδελεχῶς ἀ. Men.521
; δεῦρ' ἀεί until now, E.Or. 1663, Pl.Lg. 811c; αἰεί κοτε, ποτε from of old, Hdt.1.58, Th.6.82; αἰ. δήποτε 1.13
; cf. εἰσαεί:—with the Art., ὁ ἀ. χρόνος eternity, Hdt.1.54, Pl.Phd. 103e, etc.; οἱ ἀ. ὄντες the immortals, X.Cyr.1.6.46, etc.:—but ὁ αἰ. βασιλεύων the king for the time being, Hdt.2.98; οἱ ἀ. δικάζοντες D. 21.223
; ὁ αἰ. ἐντὸς γιγνόμενος every one as he got inside, Th.4.68; τὸν ἀ. προστυχόντα D.21.131
; τοῖσι τούτων αἰ. ἐκγόνοισι to their descendants for ever, Hdt.1.105, cf. 3.83, etc.; in A.Pr. 937, θῶπτε τὸν κρατοῦντ' ἀ., ἀεί is postponed metri gr.—Dialectic forms (cf. Hdn.Gr.1.497, Et.Gud.z):

1 [full] αἰεί, [dialect] Ep., [dialect] Ion., Poet., and Early [dialect] Att. (cf. Marcellin.Vit. Thuc.52); found (beside ἀεί ) in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. to 361 B.C.

2 [full] ἀεί [[pron. full] ᾰ three times in Hom., ᾱ?ἀείX [dialect] Att.] normal in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. from 361 B.C.

3 [full] αἰέν, Il.1.290, al. ( ἆεν is v.l. in Il. 11.827), Pi.N.6.3, Sophr.90, A.Pr. 428, Ag. 891, S.Aj. 682.

4 [dialect] Dor. [full] αἰές, Ar.Lys. 1266, BionFr.1.1; also [full] ἀές, Tab.Heracl.1.134.

5 [dialect] Aeol. [full] αἶι( [full] ν), [full] ἄιν, Hdn.Gr.l.c.; cf.IG 9(2).461 (ἄϊν, Thess.), SIG58 (Milet.), and v. ἀϊπάρθενος, ἀείδασμος.

6 [full] αἰέ, Hdn.Gr.l.c.

7 [full] ἀέ, Pi.P.9.88, Pisand.11 ([etym.] ᾰἐ); cf. ἀέ-ναος.

8 [dialect] Boeot. ἠί, Hdn. Gr.l.c.

9 [dialect] Tarent. [full] αἰή, ibid.

II τὸ ἀ. eternity, τὸ ἀ. τοῦτο οὐκ αἰώνιόν ἐστιν ἀλλὰ χρονικόν Procl.Inst. 198
. The statement of Harp. that ἀεί = ἕως in [dialect] Att. is based on misinterpretation of such phrases as ἐς τόνδε αἰ. τὸν πόλεμον Th.1.18
. ( αἰϝεί Epigr.Gr.742
, GDI60.31 (Cypr.), IG9(1).334.4 ([dialect] Locr.), cf. Lat. aevum.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀεί
14 ἐκτρέπω

ἐκτρέπω, [dialect] Ion. [suff] ἐκτρᾰχηλ-τράπω [pron. full] [ᾰ],

A turn out of the course, turn aside, τοῦ ποταμοῦ τὸ ῥέεθρον Hdt.1.186
, cf. 2.11, Th.5.65; μηδ' εἰς Ἑλένην κότον ἐκτρέψῃς A.Ag. 1464
(lyr.), cf. Th. 628 (lyr.); τὸ δυστυχὲς δὲ τοῦτ' ἐς ἄλλον ἐκτρέπει E.Supp. 483
; ἑαυτοῦ μιαρίαν εἴς τινα ἐ. Antipho 2.3.9; ἐ. [τινὰ] πρὸς ποίμνας S.Aj.53
:—[voice] Pass. and [voice] Med., turn off o<*> aside, ἐκτραπέσθαι ὁδὸν μακροτέρην Hdt.1.104
: abs., Id.2.80, X.HG7.4.22, etc.: c. gen., turn aside from, τοῦ πρόσθεν λόγου S.OT 851
; also ἐ. ἐκ.. Hdt.1.75
; ἀπὸ.. ἐπί.. Pl.Sph. 222a
; πόθεν δεῦρο ἐξετραπόμεθα Id.R. 543c
.

2 turn a person off the road, order him out of the way, S.OT 806:—[voice] Pass. ([tense] fut. - τραπήσομαι Luc.Herm.86
) and [voice] Med., ἐκτρέπεσθαί τινα get out of one's way, D.19.225, cf. Ar.Pl. 837, Luc.Tim. 5; avoid, τὸν ἔλεγχον Plb.35.4.14
; τὴν φιλοσοφίαν Jul.Or.7.223d
: c. inf., ὀφθῆναι AP10.56.10
(Pall.): abs., cj. in S.OC 1541.

3 τὴν δρῶσαν ἐ. prevent her from acting, Id.El. 350.

4 ἀσπίδας θύρσοις ἐ. turn shields and flee before the thyrsus, E.Ba. 799.

II [voice] Med., turn away, φίλους Democr.101
; also ἐκτρέπεσθαι τὰ ἐντὸς ἐκτός turns itself inside out, Arist.HA 621a7.

III Medic. in [voice] Pass., to be diverted or everted, Hp.Steril.213, Off.14, Dsc.2.15 (perh. to be put out of joint, Ep.Hebr.12.13, Hippiatr.26).

IV turn or change, εἴς ἄσπορον PRyl.133.22
(i A.D.), cf. Ael.NA14.28:—[voice] Pass., εἰς ὀλιγαρχίαν ἐκτραπῆναι Plb.6.4.9
; ὑπ' ἀγεννείας εἰς μέμψεις Arr. Epict.1.6.42
.

V [voice] Pass., to be brought to birth, Astrol. t.t., Vett. Val.50.27, al.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐκτρέπω
15 θερμός

θερμός

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `warm' (Il.).

Compounds: Often as 1, member, e. g. Θερμο-πύλαι (Hdt.; s. Risch IF 59, 267). On ἄ-, ἔκ-, ἔν-θερμος etc. s. below on θέρμη and θερμαίνω.

Derivatives: A. Substantives. 1. θέρμη, also - μᾰ (s, Schwyzer 476 n. 2, Chantraine Formation 102 and 148) f. `warmth, heat, heat of fever' (IA) with ἄ-θερμος `without warmth' (Frisk Adj. priv. 11), ἔν-θερμος `with warmth inside, warm' (Strömberg Greek Prefix Studies 95); θερμίζω `be feverish' (Euboea). 2. θερμότης `warmth, heat' (IA). 3. θερμωλή `id.' (Hp.; Frisk Eranos 41, 52). 4. θερμέλη ἡ θέρμη Suid. (Strömberg Wortstudien 79). 5. θέρμασσα = κάμινος (Hdn. Gr. 1, 267; formation unclear, cf. Schwyzer 525f., Müller-Graupa Glotta 31, 129). - B. Adjectives: 1. θερμώδης `lukewarm' (Aret.); here Θερμώδων, - οντος river name (Boeotia, Pontos; s. Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 2, 236; 3, 162). 2. θερμηρός adjunct of ποτήριον (H. s. κελέβη; to θέρμη?). - C. Verbs: 1. θέρμετο ipf. `became warm' (Il.), θέρμετε ipv. `warmeth!' (θ 426; after it Ar. Ra. 1339); on the formation cf. Schwyzer 722f. 2. θερμαίνω, aor. θερμῆναι `warm' (Il.), often with prefix, e. g. ἐκ-θερμαίνω `warm completely' (Hp., Arist.) with postverbal ἔκθερμος `very hot' (Vett. Val.); from there θέρμανσις `heating' (Arist.) with θερμαντικός `fit to make warm' (Pl., Arist.), θερμασία `heating, warmth' (Hp., Arist.; cf. Schwyzer 469), θέρμασμα `warming cuff' (medic.; s. Chantraine Formation 176), θερμάστρᾱ s. θερμάζω; θερμαντήρ "warmer", `kettle to cook water' (Poll.) with θερμαντήριος `warming' (Hp., inscr.). 3. θερμάζω `id.' only aor. opt. med. θερμάσσαιο (Nic. Al. 587) with θερμάστρα f. `furnace' (Call.; also to θερμαίνω); also θερμαύστρα written through confusion with θερμαυστρίς ( θέρμ-) `fire-tongs' (Arist., H.), cf. πυρ-αύστρα `id.' ( αὔειν `bring fire'); also metaph. as name of a dance (Poll., Ath.) with θερμαυστρίζω (Critias, Luc.); from θερμάστρα: θερμαστρίς ( θέρμ-) = θερμαντήρ (Eup., LXX); the forms in - αστρ-, - αυστρ- are not regularly distinguished, cf. Schulze Kl. Schr. 189 w. n. 6; through dissimilation θέρμαστις meaning unclear (Attica IV^a) with θερμάστιον (Aen. Tact.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [493] * gʷʰermo- `warm'

Etymology: Inherited adjective, identical with Arm. ǰerm `warm', Thrak.-Phryg. germo- (in GN, e.g. Γέρμη), IE * gʷʰermo-; also in substantivized funktion Alb. zjarm, zjarr `heat'. With o-vocalism, originally substantiv., IE * gʷʰormo- in Skt. gharmá- m. `heat', OPr. gorme `id.'; sec. also adjectival in Av. garǝma-, Lat. formus, Germ., e. g. NHG warm. Uncertain Toch. A śārme `heat (?)'. More forms in W.-Hofmann s. formus, Mayrhofer Wb. s. gharmáḥ; s. on θέρομαι, θέρος.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θερμός
16 κύαρ

κύαρ [zie κυεω]

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `eye of a needle, orifice of the ear' (Hp., Poll.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [592] * kuh₂-r `swell'?

Etymology: Old r-stem, with thematic tranformation in Av. sūr-a- m. `hole, lacuna' (IE. *ḱūr-o-), further with other ablaut Arm. sor `hole' (IE. *ḱou̯er-o- ?); but hardly Lat. caverna (Etruscan ?; W.-Hofmann s.v.; diff. Specht Ursprung 350). An alternating l-stem is supposed in κύλα τὰ ὑποκάτω τῶν βλεφάρων κοιλώματα H. (s.v.); further κοῖλος `hollow' from *κοϜιλ-ος. With sufflx Lat. cavus `hollow' (s. κοῖλος). See also on κῶος `cave' (s. v.). - The words are generally connected with the group of κυέω assuming a basic `curvation' (with `inside c.' \> `hollowing', resp. `ouside c.' \> `vaulting'; s. Pok. 592ff., W.-Hofmann s. cavus). If there is a connection at all, we must rather start from a meaning `blow (up)'; cf. Skt. śūna- `swelled up, grown up', śū́na n. `empty, lack', śūnyá- `empty, hollow'.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κύαρ
17 οἶκος

οἶκος

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `house, dwelling of any kind, room, home, household, native land' (Il.).

Other forms: dial. Ϝοῖκος

Dialectal forms: Myc. woikode \/ woikon-de\/ `home'

Compounds: Very many compp., e.g. οἰκο-νόμος m. `householder, keeper' with - νομέω, - νομία (att.), compoun δ of οἶκον νέμειν, - εσθαι; μέτ-οικος (ion. att.), πεδά-Ϝοικος (Arg.) `living among others, attending, rear vassal'; ἐποίκ-ιον n. `outbuilding, countryhouse, village' (Tab. Heracl., LXX, pap.), hypostasis of ἐπ' οἴκου.

Derivatives: (very short survey). A. Subst. 1. τὰ οἰκία pl. (Il.), sg. τὸ οἰκίον (since LXX) `residence, palace, nest' (cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 30, Schwyzer-Debrunner 43). 2. οἰκία, ion. - ίη f. (posthom.; for hexam. uneasy), Ϝοικία (Cret., Locr.) `house, building' (Scheller 48 f.) with the dimin. οἰκΐδιον n. (Ar., Lys.), οἰκιή-της (ion.), Ϝοικιά-τας m. (Locr., Thess., Arc.) = οἰκέτης (s. 5), οἰκια-κός `belonging to the house, housemate' (pap., Ev. Matt.). 3. Rare dimin. οἰκ-ίσκος m. `little house, little room, bird cage' (D., Ar., inscr.), - άριον n. `little house' (Lys.). 4. οἰκεύς (Il.), Ϝοικεύς (Gort.) m. `housemate, servant' (Bosshardt 32f., Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 107 against Leumann Hom. Wörter 281); f. Ϝοικέα (Gort.). 5. οἰκέ-της (ion. att.), Boeot. Ϝυκέ-τας m. `housemate, servant, domestic slave', f. - τις (Hp., trag.), with - τικός (Pl., Arist., inscr.; Chantraine Études 137 a. 144), - τεία f. `the whole of domestic servants, attendants' (Str., Aristeas, J., inscr.); οἰκετεύω `to be a housemate, to occupy' only E. Alc. 437 (lyr.) and H.; on οἰκέτης, οἰκεύς, οἰκιήτης E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 75ff.; compound πανοικεσίᾳ adv. `with all οἰκέται, with the whole of attendants' (Att.) -- B. Adj. 6. οἰκεῖος (Att.), οἰκήϊος (ion. since Hes. Op. 457) `belonging to the house, domestic, homely, near' with - ειότης (-ηϊότης), - ειόω (-ηϊόω), from where - είωμα, - είωσις, - ειωτι-κός. 7. οἰκίδιος `id.' (Opp.); κατοικ-ίδιος (: κατ' οἶκον) `indoor' (Hp., Ph.). -- C. Verbs. 8. οἰκεω (Il.), Ϝοικέω (Locr.), very often w. prefix, e.g. ἀπ-, δι-, ἐν-, ἐπ-, κατ-, μετ-, `to house, to reside', also `to be located' (see Leumann Hom. Wörter 194), `to occupy, to manage' with οἴκ-ησις (late also διοίκ-εσις), - ήσιμος, - ημα, - ηματιον, - ηματικός, - ητήρ, - ητήριον, - ήτωρ, - ητής, - ητικός. 9. οἰκίζω, often w. ἀπ-, δι-, κατ-, μετ-, συν- a.ο. `to found, to settle' (since μ 135 ἀπῴκισε; cf. Chantraine Grannn. hom. 1, 145) with οἴκ-ισις, - ισία, - ισμός, - ιστής, - ιστήρ, - ιστικός. -- Adverbs. 10. οἴκο-θεν (Il.), - θι (ep.), - σε (A. D.) beside fixed loc. οἴκ-οι (Il.), - ει (Men.; unoriginal? Schwyzer 549 w. lit.). 11. οἴκα-δε `homeward' (Il., Ϝοίκαδε Delph.), prob. from (Ϝ)οῖκα n. pl. like κέλευθα, κύκλα a. o. (Wackernagel Akzent 14 n. = Kl. Schr. 2, 1082 n. 1; diff. Schwyzer 458 a. 624), - δις (Meg.; Schwyzer 625 w. lit.); besides οἶκόν-δε (ep).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1131] *u̯eiḱ-, u̯oiḱ- `house'

Etymology: Old name of the living, the house, identical with Lat. vīcus m. `group of houses, village, quarter', Skt. veśa- m. `hous', esp. `brothel'; IE *u̯óiḱo-s m. Besides in Indo-Ir. and Slav. zero grade and mososyll. Skt. viś- f., acc. viś-am, Av. vīs- f., acc. vīs-ǝm, OPers. viÞ-am `living, house' (OIr. esp. `house of lords, kings'), `community', Slav., e.g. OCS vьsь f. (i-st. second.) `village, field, piece of ground', Russ. vesь `village', IE *u̯iḱ- f. Beside these old nouns Indo-Ir. has a verb meaning `enter, go in, settle', Skt. viśáti, Av. vīsaiti, IE *u̯iḱ-éti. It can be taken as demon. of *u̯iḱ-'house'; so prop. "come in the house, be (as guest) in the house"? To this verb is connected, first as nom. actionis, IE *u̯óiḱo-s, prop. "entering, go inside", concret. `entrance, living'. Beside it as oxytone nom. agentis Skt. veśá- m. `inhabitant', Av. vaēsa- m. `servant', IE *u̯oiḱó-s m. Another nomen actionis is Goth. weihs, gen. weihs-is n. `village', which goes back on IE *u̯éiḱos- n.. -- The formally identical τὰ οἰκία and Skt. veśyà- n. `house, village' are separate innovations (Schindler, BSL 67, 1972, 32). -- More forms w. rich lit. in WP. 1, 231, Pok. 1131, W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. vīcus a. vīlla, Vasmer vesь. -- Not here prob. τριχάϊκες, s. v.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > οἶκος
18 ὁρμή

ὁρμή

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `onset, assault, onrush, outset, effort' (Il.).

Compounds: As seeming 2. member in ἐφορμή `onset, assault' (χ 130, Th.), ἀφορμή `starting point, resource etc.' (IA.), bakformations from ἐφ-, ἀφ-ορμάω (cf. Chantraine Form. 149).

Derivatives: Denomin.: 1. ὁρμαίνω, - ῆναι rarely w. ἐφ-, ὑπερ-, `to (re)consider, to ponder' (Il.; on the meaning against μερμηρίζω a. o. Chr. Voigt Überlegung und Entscheidung. Berlin-Chbg. 1934), `to put in violent motion, to be eager' (A., Pi., B.); here ὁρμανόν ἀνεστηκός, χαλεπόν H. ?; analog. ὁρμάστειρα f. `she who urges on' (Orph. H.) like θερμάστρα a.o. beside θερμαίνω. 2. ὁρμάω -ῆσαι, often w. prefix, esp. ἀφ-, ἐφ-, παρ-, ἐξ-, `to incite, to excite', intr. (also midd.) `to rise quickly, to charge, to set off, to begin' (Il.) with ὁρμήματα pl. `onrush' (Β 356 = 590; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 184f.), ( παρ-)όρμημα n. `onset, incitement' (LXX, Epicur.), ( παρ-, ἐφ-, ἐξ-)όρμησις f. `incitement, onset, assault, eagerness' (X., Plb.); ὁρμ-ητήριον, Dor. - ᾶτήριον n. `(operation) base' (Att., Cret. III--II^a), - ητής m. `he who urges on' (Philostr. Iun.), - ητίας m. `id.' (Eust.), ( ἐφ-, ἀφ-, παρ-, ἐξ-)ορμητικός `offensive, desiring, eager etc.' (Ti. Locr., Arist.); backformation ἄφορμος `setting off, leaving' (S.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [509] * ser- `flow, stream'

Etymology: Since Pott a.o. (s. Curtius 347), prob. correctly, compared with Skt. sárma- m. `flowing, streaming' (only RV 1, 80, 5; IE *sór-mo-: *sor-mā́), from a verb Skt. sí-sar-ti, sár-ati `flow, stream', also `hurry, drive etc.', which is formally excellent (cf. Porzig 283 f.), semantically quite possible. Inside Greek one might also compare ὄρνυμι `arouse' (Sommer Lautst. 133 w. n.1; cf. Chantraine Form. 149 f.); on the asper s. ἅρμα. -- Difficult to judge is ἑρμή ἔξοδος H. with the variant ἐρίμη `id.'; premature comclusions in Specht Ursprung 164 after Fick KZ 43, 132.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὁρμή
19 σαύρα

σαύρα

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `lizard' (A. Fr. 92 M., Hdt., Arist., Theoc. etc.), also = σαλαμάνδρα (Thphr.), metaph. as plantname = κάρδαμον (Nic.), `membrum virile of a boy' (AP), `plaited case made of palm bark, used in setting dislocated fingers' (medic.). Also σαῦρος m. `id.' (Hdt. [v. l.], Hp., Epich., Arist., Nic.); metaph. as fishname = τράχουρος (Alex., Arist., Gal.; a. o. after the colour, cf. Strömberg 121).

Other forms: Ion. - ρη.

Compounds: As 1. member in σαυρο-κτόνος m. `killer of lizards' (Plin.); on σαυρο-βριθές s. below.

Derivatives: 1. the plantnames σαυρ-ίδιον n. (Hp., Gal.), - ίγγη f. (H.; cf. e.g. φυσίγγη = φῦσιγξ: φῦσα), - ῖτις f. (Ps.-Dsc.); cf. Strömberg 130. 2. the fishname - ίς f. (Suid.). 3. - ῖται εἶδός τι ὄφεων H. 4. - ίγγη also = τὸ ζῶον ἡ σαύρα H., saurītis also `precious stone, that would have been found inside a lizard' (Plin.). 5. - ήτης m. `keeper of crocodiles' (pap.). 6. σαυρωτή ποικίλη, - ωτοῖς δόρασι τοῖς σαυρωτῆρας ἔχουσι κατὰ τῆς ἐπιδορατίδος H. 7. σαυρωτήρ, - ῆρος m. (Κ 153, Hdt. 7, 41, Plb. a. o.) approx. `lance shoe, bottom end of a lance, that could be stuck into the ground'; cf. instrument names as τροπωτήρ, σφυρωτήρ, to this σαυρωτός (ab. 6.) and σαύρα = `case' (s. ab.); in the same meaning also σαῦρος in σαυρο-βριθες ἔγχος ( Trag. Adesp. 264); the lance-shaft was prob. compared with the long tail of a lizard (cf. οὑρίαχος). 8. PN Σαυρίας, Σαύρων a. o. (IA. etc.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Like many other words for `lizard' without etymology. With σαύρα, σαῦρος and derivv. is usually connected a series of other words with σαυ-: σαῦλος, σαυ-νός, σαυνίον, also σαυκρός, and further compared with σωλήν and σῦριγξ; s. esp. Solmsen Wortforsch. 129ff. (with extensive treatment), where however only σαυροβριθές, σαυρω-τήρ and σαύρα `membrum virile' (as well as σαυνίον `javelin') are considered as belonging to σωλήν and σῦριγξ and so separated from σαύρα, σαῦρος `lizard'; the last are with σαῦλος, σαυνός, σαυκρόν, σαυχμόν made into a separate group (agreeing Fraenkel IF 32, 112). The relation between these words is as dark as the connections outside Greek are doubtful; s. on it Bq and WP. 1, 752; cf. also Mayrhofer s. tūṇaḥ. -- I see no reason to connect the adj. with σαυ- ( σαυνός is not given by LSJ). As the word is appar. not IE, it will be a local, i.e. Pre-Greek word. (Not in Furnée.) (The word disnosaur was in 1841 created from δεινός `terrible' by the English peleontologist R.Owen.)

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σαύρα
20 εἰσέρχομαι

εἰσέρχομαι fut. εἰσελεύσομαι (En 25:6; TestJob 40:4; Just., A I, 35, 10; M. Ant. 10, 8); 2 aor. εἰσῆλθον (also εἰσῆλθα, B-D-F §81, 3; Mlt-H. 208; Mt 7:13; Lk 11:52; impv. εἰσελθάτω Mk 13:15); pf. εἰσελήλυθα LXX; ptc. εἰσεληλυθώς Hs 9, 12, 4; 9, 13, 4; plpf. εἰσεληλύθει 2 Macc 9:2 (Hom.+)

① to move into a space, enter

ⓐ of geographical and other types of localities and areas as goal

α. cities and villages w. specific names (Jos., Ant. 9, 122): into Jerusalem Mt 21:10 (Just., D. 88, 6). εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα εἰς τὸ ἱερόν into Jerusalem and into the temple Mk 11:11. Caesarea Ac 10:24; 23:33. Capernaum Mt 8:5; Mk 2:1; Lk 7:1.

β. the world gener. εἰς τὸν κόσμον come into the world (Philo, Op. M. 78) in var. mngs.: of first appearance, of sin and death Ro 5:12; 1 Cl 3:4 (cp. Wsd 2:24); of birth (M. Ant. 6, 56) 1 Cl 38:3; of the incarnation of Christ Hb 10:5.

γ. structural areas and establishments: into the sanctuary Hb 9:12, 24f; temple (Jos., Ant. 3, 319) Lk 1:9; Rv 15:8; house Mt 10:12; 12:29; 17:25 v.l.; Mk 7:17; Lk 1:40; 8:41; Ac 11:12; 16:15; 21:8; synagogue (unless the sense ‘gathering’ applies in certain pass., s. συναγωγή 4) Mk 1:21; 3:1; Lk 4:16; 6:6; Ac 13:14; 14:1; 18:19; cp. Js 2:2; city Mt 10:11; 27:53; Mk 1:45; Lk 10:8, 10; 22:10; Ac 9:6; 14:20 al.; village Mk 8:26; Lk 9:52; 17:12; barracks Ac 23:16; praetorium J 18:28; 19:9; cp. Ac 25:23; Mt 6:6; J 18:1; Mk 16:5; J 20:6; 10:1; Mt 24:38; Lk 17:27; 1 Cl 9:4. εἰς τ. νεφέλην Lk 9:34 (cp. Ex 24:18).—W. indication of place from which, εἰ. ἔκ τινος: ἐξ ἀγροῦ come in from the field Lk 17:7 (cp. PEleph 13, 6 [223/22 B.C.] οὔπω εἰσελήλυθεν ἐξ ἀγροῦ; Gen 30:16).—W. indication of place through which, διά τινος (2 Ch 23:20; Jo 2:9; Jer 17:25; Jos., Ant. 13, 229 εἰ. διʼ ἄλλης πύλης) Mt 7:13; 19:24 v.l.; Lk 13:24; 18:25a; J 10:1, 2 (ἐρχόμενος P⁷⁵), 9.—W. ὑπὸ: τὴν στέγην under the roof, i.e., enter the house (Gen 19:8 v.l.) Mt 8:8; Lk 7:6.—W. adv. εἰ. ἔσω go inside (2 Ch 29:18; Bel 19 Theod.) Mt 26:58; AcPl Ha 4, 3. ὧδε come in here (Zech 7:3; Ezk 40:4) 22:12. ὅπου ἐὰν εἰσέλθῃ wherever he goes in Mk 14:14; Hb 6:20.—Without emphasis on the preposition Mt 9:18 v.l. (s. on εἷς 3b; προσέρχομαι 1a).

δ. Freq. the ‘place to which’ is not mentioned, but can be inferred fr. the context (Tob 5:9; 8:13; Jdth 14:14; 1 Macc 7:36; 2 Macc 1:15 al.; PTebt 418, 6ff): εἰσελθὼν διήρχετο τὴν Ἰεριχώ he entered Jericho and was passing through it Lk 19:1. καὶ ὅτε εἰσῆλθον (sc. εἰς τ. οἶκον) and when they had entered Ac 1:13. μὴ εἰσελθάτω (sc. εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν) Mk 13:15, also εἰσελθοῦσα 7:25 v.l.; εἰσελθών Mt 9:25; cp. Ac 5:7, 10; 10:25; 1 Cor 14:23f; AcPl Ha 3, 13. But the idea of destination can be so unimportant that εἰ. comes to mean simply come, go Lk 18:25a; cp. Mt 19:24 (s. 1aγ above).—Of things go (in, into), come (in, into), enter of food: into the mouth (Ezk 4:14; Da 10:3) Mt 15:11 (cp. Sextus 110; TestJob 38:3 διὰ στόματος τροφὴ εἰσέρχεται); Ac 11:8.

ⓑ of being(s) as goal

α. to come or go to πρός τινα come or go to someone (X., Mem. 3, 10, 1; Cebes, Tab. 29; Jos., Ant. 8, 235; Gen 16:4; Ps 50:2; Jdth 12:13; 15:9) Mk 15:43; J 14:23 v.l.; Ac 10:3; 11:3; 16:40; Rv 3:20; 1 Cl 12:4.

β. to come or go in among εἴς τινα come or go in among εἰς τὸν δῆμον the crowd Ac 19:30. εἰς ὑμᾶς 20:29. ἐπί τινα come to someone (cp. Ezk 44:25) ἐν παντὶ χρόνῳ ᾧ εἰσῆλθεν καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς went in and out among us = associated with us Ac 1:21 (on εἰ. καὶ ἐξέρχ. cp. Eur., Phoen. 534 ἐς οἴκους … εἰσῆλθε κἀξῆλθʼ [καὶ ἐξῆλθε]; Num 27:17; 2 Ch 1:10; J 10:9).

γ. to enter into persons or animals enter into someone (Wsd 1:4 of wisdom; Jos., Ant. 4, 121 of the divine spirit entering into prophets) esp. of hostile spirits which take possession of someone’s body as their dwelling Mk 9:25; Lk 8:30 (Lucian, Philops. 16: the exorcist asks the spirits ὅθεν [οἱ δαίμονες] εἰσεληλύθασιν εἰς τὸ σῶμα; ApcSed 5:5 [διάβολος] ὡς καπνὸς εἰσέρχεται εἰς τὰς καρδίας τῶν ἀνθρώπων). Of hostile spirits: into the swine Mk 5:12f; Lk 8:32f. Of Satan: into Judas 22:3; J 13:27; into a person Hm 12, 5, 4. For this εἰ. ἔν τινι (s. ἐν 3) εἰσῆλθεν ἐν αὐτοῖς Rv 11:11; cp. Lk 9:46; 1 Cl 48:2 (Ps 117:19).

② to enter into an event or state, of pers.: come into someth. = share in someth., come to enjoy someth. (Jos., C. Ap. 2, 123 εἰς τοὺς ἡμετέρους νόμους) εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τ. θεοῦ (τ. οὐρανῶν) Mt 5:20; 7:21; 19:24; Mk 9:47; 10:15, 23ff; Lk 18:17, 25; J 3:5; 2 Cl 6:9 al. (cp. Da 11:9). For this εἰς τὴν ζωήν enter into eternal life=attain it Mt 18:8f; 19:17; Mk 9:43, 45. HWindisch, D. Sprüche v. Eingehen in d. Reich Gs.: ZNW 27, 1928, 163–92.—εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσιν enter into rest Hb 3:11, 18; 4:1, 3, 5f, 10f (all Ps 94:11). μέχρι δουλείας εἰσελθεῖν even to the extent of slavery 1 Cl 4:9. Of Christ εἰ. εἰς τ. δόξαν αὐτοῦ into his glory Lk 24:26. Of temptations εἰ. εἰς πειρασμόν come into temptation Mt 26:41; Lk 22:40, 46; εἰς χαράν Mt 25:21, 23; Pol 1:3. εἰς τὸν κόπον τινός enter into someone’s labor, i.e. enjoy the fruit of another’s labor J 4:38 (cp. Pr 23:10).—W. this usage, too (s. 1aδ above), the goal need not be mentioned, but can be implied Mt 7:13; 23:13; Lk 11:52 (cp. 3 Macc 1:12); Ro 11:25.

③ to happen, with focus on initial aspect, happen, develop, of thoughts: εἰσῆλθεν δὲ διαλογισμὸς ἐν αὐτοῖς an argument arose among them Lk 9:46. εἰς τὰ ὦτά τινος come to someone’s ears (Ps 17:7) Js 5:4; reach into Hb 6:19.—M-M. TW.

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