-
101 χημεία
A v. χυμ-εία, -ευτικός. -
102 ἀρταβίειος
2 [suff] ἀρταβι-εία, ἡ (later [full] ἀρταβία, ἡ, CPR1.16 (i A.D.)), tax of one artaba per ἄρουρα, PTeb.119.11 (ii B. C.), PLond.3.1171vii 15 (i A. D.), PFay.99: —also neut. pl. -εια, τά, PTeb.5.59 (ii B. C.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀρταβίειος
-
103 ἐπιφάνεια
A appearance, coming into light or view, day-break, dawn,Plb.
3.94.3 ; in war, sudden appearance of an enemy, Aen.Tact.31.8, Plb.1.54.2, Ascl.Tact.12.10(pl.), Onos.22.3(pl.).2 esp. of deities appearing to a worshipper, manifestation, D.H.2.68, Plu.Them.30 ; advent, D.S.2.47 ; τὰς ὑπ' αὐτῆς (sc. Ἀρτέμιδος)γενομένας ἐναργεῖς ἐ. SIG867.35
(Ephesus,ii A.D.); a manifestation of divine power,τὰς ἐ. τᾶς Παρθένου Klio16.204
(Chersonesus, iii B.C.), cf. LXX 2 Ma.15.27, D.S.1.25.II visible surface of a body, superficies, Democr.155 (pl.), Arist.Cat. 5a2, Metaph. 1002a4, Ph. 209a8, Sens. 439a31, Euc.1 Deff.,Ph.Bel.70.27, Damian.Opt. 11 ; ἡ κατὰ πρόσωπον ἐ. the front, Plb.1.22.10 ; κατὰ τὰς ἐ. μάχεσθαι to fight in front, Id.3.116.10 ;ἐ. ἡ ἐκ δεξιῶν Arr.Tact.21.3
; αἱ τρεῖς ἐ. τῆς πόλεως its three visible sides, Plb.4.70.9 ; the surface or skin of the body, D.S.3.29, Pap. in AJP24.327, Gal.16.530, etc.;μυδῶντα τὴν ἐ. Luc.Philops.11
;τῆς ἔνδον ἐ. τῶν ἐντέρων Gal.18(1).2
.2 outward show, fame, distinction, esp. arising from something unexpected, Pl. Alc.1.124c ; ἐ.ποιεῖν to create a sensation, Is.7.13 : in pl., Isoc.6.104, D.S.19.1 ; (Milet., ii B.C.), cf. Arr.Epict.3.22.29.------------------------------------Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπιφάνεια
-
104 ἡμιέκτεων
A half- ἑκτεύς, acc. sg. - εων (written - εον) ib.12.76.7; gen. - εω ib.22.1356; but ; nom. - έον ib. 645, Mémoires présentés à l' Acad. des Inscr.1923.2 (iv B.C.); written - ειον ibid.; pl.- εια IG22.1672.15
, 268, al.; [suff] ἡμι-έα prob. cj. in Pl.Com.174.12: [dialect] Ion. pl.- εκτῆ Milet.7.27
. (Accent doubtful, parox. in codd.; -ειον, -εια may have short ει as in εἰάν, etc.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἡμιέκτεων
-
105 κάστανα
Grammatical information: n. pl.,Meaning: `sweet chestnuts' (Mnesith. ap. Ath. 2, 54b, Gal. Dsc. as v. l.)Compounds: As 2. member in βαλανο-κάστανον = βάλανος καστανικός (thus Gal.) and βολβο-κάστανον `earth-nut' (Alex. Trall.).Derivatives: καστάναια, - εια pl. = κάστανα (Att. inscr.), καστανέη `chestnut-tree', καστανεών `chestnut-forest' (Gp.), καστανικός (Gal.; s. above), κασταναϊκὸν κάρυον (Thphr.); Καστανὶς αἶα land in Anatolia (Nic. Al. 271; cf. Καστανέα = πόλις Μαγνησίας EM).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unclear is the η in καστηνοῦ (gen.) `chestnut-tree' (Nic. Al. 269). Anatolian?; cf. except the GN mentioned Arm. kask `chestnut', kaskeni `chestnut-tree'. - From κάστανον, - άνεια Lat. castanea (cf. e. g. picea), from where a. o. OHG chestinna, through new borrowing NHG Kastan(i)e. Further s. W.-Hofmann s. castanea. Fur. 389 has a variation κ \/ τ, but there is no Pre-Greek material for this (the k in Armenian may be due to assimilation). The variation - αια \/ - εια may be a Pre-Greek feature (Beekes, Pre-Greek, Suffixes sub 6. - αι-\/- ε(ι)-.Page in Frisk: 1,799Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάστανα
-
106 μάγειρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `slaughterer, butcher, cook' (Att. hell.)Other forms: Dor. μάγῑρος ; Aeol. μάγοιροςCompounds: as 2. member e.g. in ἀρχι-μάγειρος `upper-cook' (LXX, J., Plu.).Derivatives: Rare fem. μαγείραινα (Pherecr. 84; momentary formation, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 109 n. 3, Chantraine Form. 108, da Costa Ramalho Emer. 18, 38), μαγείρισσα (LXX; da Costa Ramalho ibd. 42). Dimin. μαγειρίσκος m. (Ath.) with magiriscium `small figure of a b.' (Plin.). Adj. μαγειρικός `belonging to cook or butcher' (Ar., Pl., Arist.) with - ικόν, - ική `art of cooking, butcher taxes etc.'; μαγειρώδης `butcher-like' (Eun.). Denom. verb μαγειρεύω `be cook or butcher' (hell.) with μαγειρ-εῖον `butchery, cook-shop `(Arist., hell.), - εία f. `boiled food' (Cato, Hdn. Epim.), - ηΐα f. `butcher-taxes?' (Eresos), - ευμα = - εία (H., Eust.), - ευτικός (late).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Here prob. also Άπόλλων Μαγίριος (Cyprus). The profession μάγειρος seems from Doric as an element of higher culinary culture to have come to Attic (for older δαιτρός?); the notation ει indicates a closed ē-sound resp. an open ī-sound (Schwyzer 275 with Wackernagel IF 25, 326f., Kretschmer Glotta 3, 320, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 190). The earlier history of the word is unknown. Pisani Rev. int. ét. balk. 1, 255ff. supposes Macedonian origin, connecting μάχαιρα (cf. Kretschmer Glotta 26, 38 f.); Schwyzer 471 n. 12 reminds of Lat. mactare; cf. also Chantraine Form. 234. Not with earliers (Bq, WP. 2, 226, Pok. 696 f.; doubting Schwyzer l.c.) to μάσσω `knead'. - If the Aeolian form is correct Pre-Greek? - The word looks non-IE. Is it Pre-Greek, deriving from *mag-ary-?Page in Frisk: 2,156Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μάγειρος
-
107 μιμνήσκω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `remind (oneself), give heed, care for, make mention'; usu. - ομαι (- ῄσκω, Schwyzer 709f., Aeol. μιμναισκω [Gramm.], μνήσκεται Anacr.); fut. μνήσω, - ομαι, aor. μνῆσαι (Dor. μνᾶσαι), - ασθαι, perf. midd. μέμνημαι (Dor. -μνᾱ-, Aeol. - μναι-) with fut. μεμνήσομαι (all Il.), aor. pass. μνησθῆναι (δ 418, Aeol. μνασθῆναι) with fut. μνησθήσομαι (IA); pres. also μνάομαι, μνῶμαι, μνώοντο, μνωόμενος etc. (Il.), `woo for one's bride, court' (Od.) `solicit' (Hdt., Pi.), προ-μνάομαι `court for' (S., Pl., X.); cf. below.Compounds: Often with prefix, esp. ὑπο-, ἀνα-, with παρ-, προσ-υπομιμνήσκω, ἐπ-, συν-, προ-αναμιμνήσκω.Derivatives: 1. μνῆμα, Dor. Aeol. μνᾶμα n. `memorial, monument, tomb' (Il.) with μνημ-εῖον, Ion. -ήϊον, Dor. μναμ- `id.' (Dor., IA; cf. σῆμα: σημεῖον a.o., Chantraine Form. 61, Schwyzer 470), rare a. late - άτιον, - άδιον, - άφιον, - όριον (s. μεμόριον); μνηματίτης λόγος `funeral oration' (Choerob., Eust.; Redard 47); ὑπόμνη-μα `remembrance, note' (Att.) with - ματικός, - ματίζομαι -- 2. μνήμη, Dor. μνάμα f. `remembrance, mention' (Dor., IA; μνή-σ-μη Lycaonia); from this or from μνῆμα: μνημ-ήϊος `as a remembrance' (Phryg.), - ίσκομαι = μιμνήσκομαι (Pap.). -- 3. μνεία f. `remembrance, mention' (Att.), verbal noun \< * μνᾱ-ΐα as πεν-ία a.o. (cf. Chantraine Form. 81), hardly with Schwyzer 425 foll. Sandsjoe Adj. auf - αιος 75f. enlarged from a root noun *μνᾱ. -- 4. μνῆστις ( μνᾶσ-) f. `remembrance, thought, renown' (ν 280) with - σ- as in μνη-σ-θῆναι, μνη-σ-τύς etc.; rather after λῆστις (s. λανθάνω) than with Porzig Satzinhalte 196 the other way round. -- 5. ἀνά-, ὑπό-μνη-σις `remembrance, admonition' (Att.); also μνησι- as verbal 1. member e.g. in μνησι-κακέω `remember the (suffered) wrong' with - ία, - ος (IA). -- 6. μνηστύς, - ύος f. `courting' (Od.), later replaced by μνηστ-εία, - ευμα (s. μνηστεύω); attempt at semantic differentiation by Benveniste Noms d'agent 68f. -- 7. μνηστήρ (μνᾱσ-), - τῆρος m. `wooer' (Od.; on μνηστήρ: μνηστύς Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 32 n. 2), also name of a month ( μναστήρ, Messene; cf. Γαμη-λιών and Fraenkel 1, 162); adjectiv. `remembering, reminding' (Pi.; Fraenkel 1, 156 f.), f. μνήστειρα `bride' (AP, `reminding' (Pi.); μνῆστρον `betrothal, marriage' ( Cod. Just.) ; προμνήστρ-ια ( προ-μνάομαι) f. `(woman) matchmaker' (E., Ar., Pl.), - ίς `id.' (X.). -- 8. μνήστωρ `mindful' (A.); on μνήσ-τωρ, - τήρ Fraenkel 2, 12, Benveniste Noms d'agent 47. -- 9. μνηστή f. `wood and won, wedded, memorable' (Hom., A. R.) also `worth remembering' ( Sammelb. 6138), πολυ-μνήστη (- ος) `much wood' (Od.), also `mindful, remaining in memory' (Emp., A.); but Ἄ-μνᾱτος (Gortyn; Schwyzer 503); from this μνηστεύω ( μνασ-) `woo a wife' (Od.), also `canvass a job' with μνήστευμα (E.), - εία (hell.) `wooing'. --10. μνήμων ( μνά-), - ονος m. f., first from μνῆμα, but also directly associated with the verb, `mindful' (Od.), often as title of an office `notary, registrator' (Halic., Crete, Arist.), with μνημο-σύνη `remembrance' (Θ 181); cf. Wyss - σύνη 34; also as name of one of the Muses (h. Merc., Hes.); - συνον n. `id.' (Hdt., Th., Ar.); prob. poetical (Wyss 50); - ος `for remembrance' (LXX); besides Μναμόν-α (Ar. Lys. 1248; cf. on εὑφρόνη), Μνημ-ώ (Orph.) = Μνημοσύνη. Denominat. μνημον-εύω `remember' (IA) with μνημόνευ-σις, - μα etc. Adj. μνημον-ικός `for remembrance, with good memory' (Att.). -- 11. PN like Μνησεύς (Pl.; short name of Μνήσ-αρχος, Bosshardt 130), Μνασίλλει (Boeot.); Μνασέας; prob. hellenis. of Sem. Mǝnašše = Μανασση (Schulze Kl. Schr. 394 f.; cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 414).Etymology: The above paradigm, together with the nominal formations built on a general μνᾱ-, is a purely Greek creation. The basis of the generalized system were of course one or a few verbal forms; as however the new system was already complete at the beginneing of Greek and the cognate languages present nothing that could be compared directly with the Greek forms, we can no more follow its creation. A monosyllabic IE * mnā- is found in class. Sanskrit, as in aor. a-mnā-siṣ-uḥ `they mentioned', which typologically reminds of μνῆ-σ-αι, in the perf. act. ma-mnau (gramm.), prob. innovation to midd. ma-mn-e (cf. μέμονα) and not (with Brugmann Grundr.2 II: 3,441) to be connected with μέμνημαι; further in - mnā-ta- `mentioned' and mnā-ya-te `is mentioned', with which agree on the one hand Ἄ-μνᾱ-τος and - with secondary σ (Schwyzer 503) - μνη-σ-τή, on the other hand μνάομαι. But the last is undoubtedly analogically innovated after wellknown patterns to μνήσασθαι etc.; also the verbal adj. does not look archaic. The development of μιμνήσκω has been prob. about the same as with κικλήσκω (where however καλέ-σαι was retained) or with βιβρώσκω (s.v.), where also non-Greek agreements to βρω- are rare or doubtful. The general re-creation isolated μιμνήσκω both formally and semantically from the old μέμονα and even more from μαίνομαι. -- From μνάομαι `remind, mention' developed as courteous expression the meaning `woo a woman, court'; s. Benveniste Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 13 ff., where also against the connection with γυνή (Schwyzer 726 n. 1). Against Benveniste Ambrosini Rend. Acc. Lincei 8: 10, 62ff. with new interpretation: to δάμνημι, ἀδμής; not convincing. -- Further rich lit. in WP. 2, 264ff., Pok. 726ff., W. -Hofmann s. meminī, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. miñti. Cf. μαίνομαι, μέμονα, μένος.Page in Frisk: 2,238-241Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μιμνήσκω
-
108 νύξ
νύξ, νυκτόςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `night' (Il.).Compounds: Often as 1. member, e.g. νυκτο-μαχ-ία, - ίη f. abstract formation as if from *νυκτο-μάχος; νυκτο-μαχέω Plu.), νυκτί-πλαγκτος `causing to wander by night' (A.; with locativ. 1. member, partly prob. also analogical; cf. below); as 2. member e.g. in ἀωρό-νυκτ-ος `in untimely nightly hour' (A. Ch. 34), μεσο-νύκτ-ιος `in the middle of the night' (Pi., Hp.; from μέσαι νύκτες); besides - νυχ-, e.g. ἔν-νυχ-ος, ἐν-νύχ-ιος `nightly, in the night' (Il.), νύχιος `nightly' (Hes.), νυχεύω `wake through the night' (E., Nic.); cf. below.Derivatives: Many derivv., most with ρ-suffix (s. below): 1. νύκτωρ adv. `at night' (Hes., Archil.); 2. νύκτερος `nightly' (trag.) with νυκτερίς, - ίδος f. `bat' (Od., cf. Lommel Femininbild. 53), also as fish- and plantname (Opp., resp. Aët.; Strömberg Fischn. 111, s. also Pflanzenn. 74 on ἑσπερίς a.o.), νυκτερῖτις, - ιδος f. ' ἀναγαλλὶς ἡ κυανῆ' (Ps.-Dsc.; Redard 74f.), νυκτερεύω `pass the night waking', also with δια-, ἐν- etc. (X.), from which νυκτερ-εία f. `nightly chase' (Pl.), - ευμα n. `nightquarters' (Plb.), - ευτής m. `nightly hunter' (Pl.), - ευτικός `useful in nightly hunt' (X.); 3. νυκτέριος `nightly' (Aret., Luc.), τὰ νυκτέρεια = ἡ νυκτερεία (Eun.); 4. νυκτερινός `id.' (IA.) with νυκτερινία or - εία f. `direction of night watch' (Ephesos Ip; wr. - ηα); 5. νυκτερήσιος `id.' (Luc., S. E.; for - ίσιος?, s. Fraenkel 2, 151, n. 1 a. below). -- Further the rare νύκτιος `nightly' (AP), νυκτῳ̃ον n. `temple of the night' (Luc.), after μητρῳ̃ον a. o., Νυκτεύς m. PN (Apollod., prob. shortname; Bosshardt 125 f.). -- On itself stands with λ-sufflx νυκτάλωψ, s. v. But νυκτέλιος adjunct of Dionysos (AP, Plu., Paus.) haplologically for *νυκτι-τέλιος as hypostasis of νύξ and τέλος ( τελέω), cf. νυκτελεῖν ἐν νυκτὶ τελεῖν H. and Schwyzer 483.Etymology: Old inherited word for `night', in most IE languages retained: Lat. nox, gen. pl. nocti-um, Germ., e.g. Goth. nahts, Skt. nák, acc. nákt-am (as adv.), Lith. naktìs, gen. pl. nakt-ų̄, Slav., e.g. OCS noštь etc., all from IE * nokt-; the i-stem in Lat. nocti-um, Lith. nakt-ìs, OCS nošt-ь etc. comes from innovations of the separate languages. The deviating υ in νύξ is often explained as reduced grade e.g. by Brugmann (e.g. Grundr.2II: 1,435), who sees in it the reflex of a following labiovelar; basis then * nokʷt-, what is confirmed by Hitt. nekuz (gen. sg.) from IE * nekʷt-s. Diff. W. Petersen AmJPh. 56, 56f. (υ after *λύξ in ἀμφι-λύκ-η etc.); Sapir Lang. 14, 274 (υ from a laryngal, which is certainly wrong); diff. still H. Petersson LUÅ, NF 11: 5, 12 f. (rejected by imself Heteroklisie 122 f.). -- The pregr. existence of the r-stem in νύκτωρ (formation like ὕδωρ?; Schwyzer 519 a. n. 4) etc. is proven by Lat. nocturnus; the further formation of the adjectives goes partly parallel to the derivv. from ἦμαρ, ἡμέρα: νυκτερινός: ἡμερινός, νυκτέριος: ἡμέριος, νυκτερήσιος: ἡμερήσιος (s.v.); also νυκτερεύω: ἡμερεύω. Diff., hardly correct on νύκτερος Szemerényi Glotta 38, 120: innovation after ἕσπερος. An i-stem, alternating with the r-stem, is supposed by Benveniste Origines 81 with doubtful right in the 1. member νυκτι--; cf. above. -- The aspirated and t-less form in νύχα νύκτωρ H., ἔν-νυχ-ος, - ιος, εἰνά-νυχ-ες, `nine nights long', νύχιος etc. is attested only for Greek; a convincing explanation has not yet been given; s. the lit. in W.-Hofmann s. nox (with many details) and WP. 2, 338; also Specht Ursprung 220 and Austin Lang. 18, 24 (with Belardi Doxa 3, 215). On - νυχ- as 2. member also Sommer Nominalkomp. 64 f.Page in Frisk: 2, 327Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νύξ
-
109 νυκτός
νύξ, νυκτόςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `night' (Il.).Compounds: Often as 1. member, e.g. νυκτο-μαχ-ία, - ίη f. abstract formation as if from *νυκτο-μάχος; νυκτο-μαχέω Plu.), νυκτί-πλαγκτος `causing to wander by night' (A.; with locativ. 1. member, partly prob. also analogical; cf. below); as 2. member e.g. in ἀωρό-νυκτ-ος `in untimely nightly hour' (A. Ch. 34), μεσο-νύκτ-ιος `in the middle of the night' (Pi., Hp.; from μέσαι νύκτες); besides - νυχ-, e.g. ἔν-νυχ-ος, ἐν-νύχ-ιος `nightly, in the night' (Il.), νύχιος `nightly' (Hes.), νυχεύω `wake through the night' (E., Nic.); cf. below.Derivatives: Many derivv., most with ρ-suffix (s. below): 1. νύκτωρ adv. `at night' (Hes., Archil.); 2. νύκτερος `nightly' (trag.) with νυκτερίς, - ίδος f. `bat' (Od., cf. Lommel Femininbild. 53), also as fish- and plantname (Opp., resp. Aët.; Strömberg Fischn. 111, s. also Pflanzenn. 74 on ἑσπερίς a.o.), νυκτερῖτις, - ιδος f. ' ἀναγαλλὶς ἡ κυανῆ' (Ps.-Dsc.; Redard 74f.), νυκτερεύω `pass the night waking', also with δια-, ἐν- etc. (X.), from which νυκτερ-εία f. `nightly chase' (Pl.), - ευμα n. `nightquarters' (Plb.), - ευτής m. `nightly hunter' (Pl.), - ευτικός `useful in nightly hunt' (X.); 3. νυκτέριος `nightly' (Aret., Luc.), τὰ νυκτέρεια = ἡ νυκτερεία (Eun.); 4. νυκτερινός `id.' (IA.) with νυκτερινία or - εία f. `direction of night watch' (Ephesos Ip; wr. - ηα); 5. νυκτερήσιος `id.' (Luc., S. E.; for - ίσιος?, s. Fraenkel 2, 151, n. 1 a. below). -- Further the rare νύκτιος `nightly' (AP), νυκτῳ̃ον n. `temple of the night' (Luc.), after μητρῳ̃ον a. o., Νυκτεύς m. PN (Apollod., prob. shortname; Bosshardt 125 f.). -- On itself stands with λ-sufflx νυκτάλωψ, s. v. But νυκτέλιος adjunct of Dionysos (AP, Plu., Paus.) haplologically for *νυκτι-τέλιος as hypostasis of νύξ and τέλος ( τελέω), cf. νυκτελεῖν ἐν νυκτὶ τελεῖν H. and Schwyzer 483.Etymology: Old inherited word for `night', in most IE languages retained: Lat. nox, gen. pl. nocti-um, Germ., e.g. Goth. nahts, Skt. nák, acc. nákt-am (as adv.), Lith. naktìs, gen. pl. nakt-ų̄, Slav., e.g. OCS noštь etc., all from IE * nokt-; the i-stem in Lat. nocti-um, Lith. nakt-ìs, OCS nošt-ь etc. comes from innovations of the separate languages. The deviating υ in νύξ is often explained as reduced grade e.g. by Brugmann (e.g. Grundr.2II: 1,435), who sees in it the reflex of a following labiovelar; basis then * nokʷt-, what is confirmed by Hitt. nekuz (gen. sg.) from IE * nekʷt-s. Diff. W. Petersen AmJPh. 56, 56f. (υ after *λύξ in ἀμφι-λύκ-η etc.); Sapir Lang. 14, 274 (υ from a laryngal, which is certainly wrong); diff. still H. Petersson LUÅ, NF 11: 5, 12 f. (rejected by imself Heteroklisie 122 f.). -- The pregr. existence of the r-stem in νύκτωρ (formation like ὕδωρ?; Schwyzer 519 a. n. 4) etc. is proven by Lat. nocturnus; the further formation of the adjectives goes partly parallel to the derivv. from ἦμαρ, ἡμέρα: νυκτερινός: ἡμερινός, νυκτέριος: ἡμέριος, νυκτερήσιος: ἡμερήσιος (s.v.); also νυκτερεύω: ἡμερεύω. Diff., hardly correct on νύκτερος Szemerényi Glotta 38, 120: innovation after ἕσπερος. An i-stem, alternating with the r-stem, is supposed by Benveniste Origines 81 with doubtful right in the 1. member νυκτι--; cf. above. -- The aspirated and t-less form in νύχα νύκτωρ H., ἔν-νυχ-ος, - ιος, εἰνά-νυχ-ες, `nine nights long', νύχιος etc. is attested only for Greek; a convincing explanation has not yet been given; s. the lit. in W.-Hofmann s. nox (with many details) and WP. 2, 338; also Specht Ursprung 220 and Austin Lang. 18, 24 (with Belardi Doxa 3, 215). On - νυχ- as 2. member also Sommer Nominalkomp. 64 f.Page in Frisk: 2, 327Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νυκτός
-
110 ὀξύα
ὀξύα, -ηGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `beech, Fagus silvatica' (Xanth., Thphr.), `spear shaft (made of beechwood), spear' (Archil., E.).Derivatives: ὀξυ-όεις `made of beechwood' ( ἔγχος, δόρυ, II.; Schwyzer 527; hardly with Bechtel Lex. 55, Risch $ 56 e from ὀξύς enlarged), -ϊνος (-έϊνος) `id.' (Thphr., Delos IIIa). On the variation ὀξύα, -η Schwyzer 189; late ὀξέα after ἰτέα, μηλέα a.o.; ὀξεῖα after the adj. Diff. on ὀξέα, - εῖα Kalén Quaest. gramm. gr. 15ff. (w. extensive treatment).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]; PGX [probably a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: With the old IE word for `ash' prob. identical, which also in Alban. got the meaning `beech' (cf. on φηγός). Closest come the Alb., Arm. and Germ. forms: Alb. ah (from * ask- or * osk-), Arm. haçi (from *askii̯o- [ osk-?]), Germ., e.g. OWNo. askr, OHG asc (PGm. * aska-, * aski-); the deviating ὀξύη prob. after ὀξύς (diff., improbable, Bq; after Sánchez Ruipérez Emer.15, 67 old metathesis as in ξύν a.o., untenable). The other languages have a deviating stemformation, which may be connected with old heteroclisis: Balt., e.g. Lith. úos-i-s, Slav., e.g. Russ. jás-en-ъ (both IE * ōs-). To the latter fits Lat. ornus, if from *ŏs-en-o- (- in-o-); quite diff. (to ἐρινεός etc.) Cocco Publ. do XXIII Congr. Luso-Espanhol (Coimbra 1957) 8: 5 f. -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 1, 184f., Pok. 782, W.-Hofmann s. ornus, Vasmer s. ǰásenъ. - The IE character of these words is far from sure, despite the tradition to compare them; their forms are rather unclear. The variation, hardly sufficiently explained by assuming the intervenience of an adj., may point to a Pre-Greek word. - (Not to ἀχερωΐς<<.)Page in Frisk: 2,400Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀξύα
-
111 παρθένος
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `virgin, girl, young woman' (Il.).Other forms: Also παρσένος (Ar.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. παρθεν-οπῖπα (Λ 385), s. ὀπιπεύω; καλλι-πάρθενος `having fair virgins, belonging to a beautiful virgin' (E.).Derivatives: A. Nouns. 1. Dimin. παρθεν-ίσκη, - ισκάριον (Hdn. Gr., gloss.); 2. παρθένιος (analog. - ειος, -ήϊος) `vestal' (Il.); 3. - ική f. `maiden' (Il.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 210ff., Chantraine Études 101f., Specht Ursprung 210), - ικός `vestal' (LXX, D. S.; Chantraine op. cit. 121 a. 151); 4. - ιον, - ικόν, - ίς name of several plants, `artemisia' a.o. (Hp., Dsc.; on the naming motive Strömberg Pfl. 100); 5. - ώδης `vestal' (St. Byz.); 6. - ιανός `born under the sign of Virgo' ( Astr.); 7. - ίας m. `son of a maiden' (Arist., Str.); 8. - ών (- εών AP a.o.), - ῶνος m. `bower', usu. name of the temple of Athene παρθένος (Att.). 9. παρθεν-ία (- εία), - ίη f. `virginity' (Sapph., Pi.). B. Verbs. 1. παρθεν-εύομαι, -ω, also (in elevating meaning) with ἀπο-, δια-, ἐκ-, `to be a maiden, to treat as a m.' (Ion., A., E.) with - ευμα n. `maiden's work, son of a maiden' (E.), - ευσις f. = - ία (Luc.), - εία `id.' (E.), partly graphically coincided with - ία, s. Scheller Oxytonierung 34 f. 2. ἀπο-παρθενόω `to deflower' (LXX).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Morphol. and etymolog. isolated. Several attempts: to εὑθενέω (Brugmann Sächs. Ges. Ber. 1906, 172ff.; w. lit.); to πτόρθος (Cuny REIE 1, 102 ff.); to θῆσθαι `suck' (Pedersen REIE 1, 192ff.); to OIr. ainder `young woman' (Pedersen JCeltStud. 1, 4ff.); to Lat. virgō (Schwyzer 297 w. Hirt a.o.; s. Messing Lang. 30, 108); to σκυρθάλιος νεανίσκος H. (Grošelj Živa Ant. 1, 125 f.). -- The word is prob. Pre-Greek. (The - σ- is the Dorian development of θ.)Page in Frisk: 2,474-475Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > παρθένος
-
112 πέμπω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to send, to dispatch, to guide, to accompany', midd. (mostly w. prefix) also `to send for smn., to fetch smn.'.Other forms: Aor. πέμψαι, fut. πέμψω (Hom.), aor. pass. πεμφθῆναι (Pi.), perf. πέπομφα (IA.), midd. πέπεμμαι (Att.).Derivatives: 1. πομπή ( ἀνα-, ἀπο-, ἐκ-, προ- a.o.) f. `conduct, escort, procession, pompa' (Il.). 2. πομπός m., also f. `escort, bearer of a message' (Il.), also adj. `guiding, bringing a message' (A., Ael.); from the the prefixcompp. e.g. προπομπ-ός `escort, escortess, guide (m.\/f.), by way of guidance, by way of escort' (A., X.); as 2. member in compp., e.g. ψυχο-πομπ-ός m. `guide of souls' (E.). From 1. or 2. (not always discernable): a. πομπ-αῖος `guiding, leading' (Pi., trag.) ἀπο- πέμπω (LXX, Ph.); b. - ιμος `id.' (Pi., trag.), `sent off' (S.), ἀνα-, δια- πέμπω a.o. (D. S., Luc.); Arbenz 78 a. 89; c. - ικός `belonging to the procession' (X., hell. a. late); d. - ιος `led' (Plot.); e. - ίλος m. name of a fish that accompanies ships, `Naucrates ductor' (Erinna, A. R.; Strömberg Fischnamen 58f., Thompson Fishes s. v.); f. πομπεύω ( προ-, συμ-, ἐπι-, δια-) `to escort, to guide, to partake in a procession' (Il.; also from πομπεύς?, s.bel.); from there πόμπευ-σις, - τής, - τήριος, - τικός; - εῖα pl., - εία f.; prob. also, as backformation, πομπεύς m. `escort, partaker of a procession' (Od., Att., Bosshardt 26f.). -- 3. πέμψις (mostly with ἀπό-, ἔκ-, ἐπι-, μετά- etc.) f. `sending' (IA.). 4. πεμπτήρ m. `escort' (S.Fr. 142 II 10 [lyr.]); προπεμπτήρ-ιος `escorting' (Philostr. VA), ἀπο-, προ-πεμπ-τικός (Men. Rh.); 5. εὑπέμπελος, s.v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The above system of forms including the nominal formations follows wellknown patterns and makes no archaic impression. Semantically however, the assumption of a loan is not esp. obvious; innovation with Greek elements can also not be demonstrated. So etymol. quite unclear; vain attempts by Fick BB 18, 137 (s. Bq), by v. Windekens Sprache 7, 52f. (to κομψός a. Lith. švánkus). To be rejected also Deroy Ant. class. 32, 439 ff. (referring to the unclear Myc. peqota).Page in Frisk: 2,502-503Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πέμπω
-
113 πί̄πτω
πί̄πτωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to fall, to fall off, to drop down, to fall out' (Il.).Other forms: Fut. πεσέομαι (ep. Ion.), - οῦμαι (Att.), aor. πετεῖν, ἔπετον (Dor. Aeol.), πεσεῖν, ἔπεσον (IA.), perf. ptc. acc. πεπτ-εῶτ', - εῶτας (ep.), nom. - ηώς (Ion.; also of πτήσσω), - ώς (trag.), ind. πέπτωκα, ptc. - ωκώς (Att.).Derivatives: Many derivv. 1. πότ-μος m. `(falling) fate, destiny, (the fate of) death' (ep. poet. Il.). 2. πτῶ-μα n., often w. prefix ( σύμ-πί̄πτω etc. from συμ-πίπτειν etc.) in diff. senses, `fall, plunge, the fallen, the corpse' (Att. A., hell.) with dimin. - μάτιον (inscr. Asia Minor), - ματίς f. `tumbling cup' (Mosch. ap. Ath.), - ματικός `inclined towards falling etc.' (hell.), - ματίζω `to bring down' (hell.) with - ματισμός m. `falling sickness' (Ptol.). 3. πτῶ-σις ( σύμ-πί̄πτω etc.) f. `fall' (Hp., Att.), a.o. `fall of the die', from where as gramm. term `form of flection, case' (Arist.), with - σιμος `brought down' (A.; after ἁλώσιμος? Arbenz 80), - τικός ( μετα-πί̄πτω a.o.) `inflectable' (Gramm.). 4. πέσ-ος n. `corpse' (E. in lyr.), - ημα n. `fall, the fallen down, the corpse' (trag.; Chantraine Form. 184, v. Wilamowitz Eur. Her. to v. 1131), - ωμα n. `plunge' (vase-inscr.; after πτῶμα). 5. - πετής a.o. in περι-, προ-πετής `falling down, blundering into smth.' resp. `falling over, prepared, rash' with περι-, προ-πέτ-εια f. (IA.); also in compounds as εὑ-πετής `to turn out well, convenient, fortunate' with - εια f. (IA.); διι-πετής s. v. 6. - πτώς in ἀ-πτώς, - ῶτος `not falling' (Pi., Pl.); also - πτης in ἀπτης (inscr. Olympia)? -- On ποταμός s. v.Etymology: The remarkable σ for τ in IA. πεσέομαι, - οῦμαι and πεσεῖν is secondary and not convincingly explained; cf. Schwyzer 271 Zus. 2 w. lit., 746 n. 6 and Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 451. -- The pair πί̄πτω (with ī after ῥί̄πτω?): πετεῖν agrees with γίγνομαι: γενέσθαι; to this the disyllabic fut. πεσέ-ομαι for *πετέ-[σ]ομαι and the full grades πτω-, πτη- in πέ-πτω-κα, πτῶ-μα, - σις, πε-πτη-ώς cannot be compared with γενέ-τωρ, γνή-σιος which has *ǵenh₁-, ǵn̥h₁- (not here γνωτός?; s. on γίγνομαι), s. Schwyzer 746, 784 a. 360. The origin of the alternative root forms is not well known. An innovation is πίτ-νω (- νῶ) with ι as in several ν-presents (Schwyzer 695). -- The whole system is a specific Greek development of the old verb also found in πέτομαι `fly'; the meaning `fall' is also found a.o. in Skt. pátati. A point of contact show the fut. *πετέ-[σ]ομαι: Skt. pati-ṣyáti; morpholog. close are also πότμος and Skt. pát-man- n. `flight, course, path' (would be Gr. *πέτμα). -- Further s. πέτομαι; cf. also πτήσσω and πίτυλος (which hardly belongs here).Page in Frisk: 2,542-543Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πί̄πτω
-
114 πρέσβυς
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `the old, aged one' (poet. Pi., trag.), `president' (Sparta); pl. πρέσβεις most `ambassador, messenger' (Att., Dor. inscr.); besides πρεσβ-ῆες (Hes. Sc. 245), - εῦσιν (Lyc.), du. -ῆ (Att.); cf. below on πρεσβεύω.Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in πρεσβυ-γενής `first-born' (A 249 a.o.).Derivatives: 1. Comp. forms: πρεσβύ-τερος (with - τέριον `council of elders' [N.T.]), - τατος `old, venerable, the eldest, most venerable' (Il.); also πρέσβιστος `most venerable' (h. Hom., A., S. a.o.) after κράτιστος, κύδιστος, with the cross πρεσβίστ-ατος (Nic.). 2. Feminins: πρέσβα ( θεά) `the venerable', of Hera a.o. (ep. Il.), after πότνα ( θεά)?; πρέσβεα ( μήτηρ; poet. inscr. from Caria II-Ia), metr. cond.; πρέσβειρα ( θεῶν a.o.; h. Ven. etc.), after πίειρα, - άνειρα a.o.; πρεσβηΐς ( τιμή h. Hom.), after βασιληΐς a.o., cf. πρεσβῆες above. 3. πρεσβ-ήϊον n. `gift of honour' (Θ 289), - εῖον `privilege (of age)' (Att., hell.). 4. - εία f. `right, privilege (of age)' (A., Pl.), usu. `embassy' (Att.; to πρεσβεύω). 5. πρεσβύ̄της m. `the old, aged one', enlargement of πρέσβυς after πολίτης a.o. (not with Fraenkel Glotta 34, 301 ff. innovation to πρεσβῦτις; IA.) with f. - ῦτις, adj. - υτικός `senile' (Att. etc.). 6. πρεσβῠ́της, - ητος f., Dor. - τας. - τατος `(higher) age' (inscr. Messene Ia [completed] a.o.; after νεότης). 7. πρέσβις f. `age, rank', only in κατὰ πρέσβιν (h. Merc., Pl. a.o.); after κατὰ τάξιν a.o. 8. πρέσβος n. `(object of) veneration', after κῦδος, κράτος a.o. 9. πρεσβ-εύω `to be the eldest, to have precedence, to be ambassador', trans. `to attend, venerate like a πρέσβυς', midd. `to send ambassadors', also w. παρα-, συν-, ἀπο- a.o., with - ευτής m. `ambassador, messenger' (Att.; as singulative to πρέσβεις). - ευτικός, - εύτειρα, - ευτεύω, - ευμα, - ευσις; partly also πρεσβεία (s. ab. 4) and, as backformation, πρεσβεῦσιν dat. pl. (Lyc.; s. ab.; cf. Bosshardt 63). -- 10. Shortnames like Πρέσβων (to πρέσβειρα after πέπειρα: πέπων? Fraenkel KZ 43, 216 n.2). Πρέσβος a.o., s. Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 385. -- On the diff. writings and formations s. Lejeune Mém. de phil. myc. 239ff.Etymology: Beside the above forms stand in Doric, esp. in Crete, and in Northwestgr. several byforms with γ for β and changing initial syllable: πρεῖγυς, πρείγιστος with comp. πρείγων, πρειγ-εύω with - ευτάς, -ήϊα, - εία; also πρείγα f. `council of elders' (Locris); πρεσγευτάς, πρεγγ-; later πρήγιστος with (Cos) - ιστεύω; πρεσγέα = πρεσβεία (Argos), πρισγε(ι)ες (Boeot.); also σπέργυς πρέσβυς and πέργουν πρέσβεις H. Common basis prob. πρεσγ- (with voiced σ; cf. πρεζβευτάς Delphi); from there through phonetical, in detail uncertain developments the other forms, s. Schwyzer 276, Seiler Steigerungsformen 59, Thumb-Kieckers 158, Kapsomenos Glotta 40, 46ff., Masson Glotta 41, 65ff., Lejeune l.c. (with rejection of Mycenaean interpretations). -- From the interchange β: γ follows an orig. IE labiovelar gʷ; the preceding syllable, prob. to be taken as the 1. member of a compound, contains as is generally assumed a frozen adverb πρές `in front' (s. πρός). The final syllable resp. the final member is debated. By Bezzenberger BB 4, 345, Bloomfield AmJPh 29, 79 ff. compared with Skt. puro-gavá- `leader', of which the 2. member is derived both from gaúḥ = βοῦς (so prop. *"leading bull"), as, and on better grounds, from a word for `go' (in βαίνω, βῆναι resp. Skt. jávate `run') (so prop. *"who goes in fromt"). Thus a.o. Fraenkel Glotta 32, 17 u. 34, 301 ff., who wants to explain also Lith. žmogùs `man' in this way (prop. "going on earth"; s. also Wb. s.v. w. lit.); on the Skt. word esp Mayrhofer s. puráḥ. -- Very temptong is the connection with Arm. erēc̣, gen. eric̣u `elder, priest' (Meillet in Lejeune op. cit. 240 n. 9), of which the ē prob. continues a diphthong ei or oi (IE * preisgʷu-?) and usu. connected with Lat. prīscus. Cf. on μεσσηγύς: the second member continues a root * gʷeu-, a variant of * gʷem-.Page in Frisk: 2,592-593Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πρέσβυς
-
115 προμηθής
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `forethinking, cautious' (IA.).Derivatives: 1. προμήθ-εια (Att.), also - ία (trag.), Ion. - ίη, Dor. -μά̄θεια f. `caution, foresight'; 2. Προμηθ-εύς, Dor. -μᾱθ-, m. "the forethinking one", `Prometheus' (Hes., Pi.), secondary appellative (A.); to this as opposite Έπιμηθεύς (cf. Bosshardt 95 f.); with - ειος `belonging to P.' (Nic., AP), τὰ Π-εια `P.-festival' (Att.), - ικῶς `in a way worthy to P.' (Ar.; at the same time connected with προμηθής); 3. προμηθ-έομαι `to be forethinking, cautious' (IA.), also - εύομαι `id.' (Alex. Aphr.) with - ευτικός = προμηθής (Eust.); on προμήθεσαι (ipv. aor.?, Archil.?) s. P. Maas KZ 60, 286.Etymology: From πρό and *μῆθος, *μᾶθος, which may be semantically connected with μαθεῖν. If one does not want to separate the last from μενθήρη, Goth. mundon sis etc., one must assume in προμηθής a derailment, perh. after μήδομαι or μῆτις; cf. WP. 2, 271. -- Diff. Bq and Hofmann Et. Wb. s.v.Page in Frisk: 2,599Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > προμηθής
-
116 σάλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `turbulent movement of the sea, flushing of the waves', also `anchorage, roads' as opposed to a protected harbour (S., E., Lys., hell. a. late), metaph. of an earthquake (E. IT 46), `turbulent emotion' (LXX, Gal., Max. Tyr.; cf. ἀσαλής, σάλη below).Compounds: Some late compp., e.g. ἐπί-σαλος `exposed to the σάλος' (Secund., Peripl. M. Rubr. a.o.); prob. also in the ep. κονί-σαλος `cloud of dust' (s. κόνις). With transference to the σ-stems ἀ-σαλής `unshaken, unconcerned' (A. Fr. 319 = 634 M.) with ἀσάλ-εια f. = ἀμεριμνία, ἀλογιστία (Sophr. 113), ἀσαλεῖν ἀφροντιστῆσαι H.; to this, prob. as backformation, σάλη, σάλᾱ f. = φροντίς (Et. Gen., H.).Derivatives: Denomin.: 1. σαλεύω, also w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, ἐπι-, δια-, prop. of the ship `to roll (on the waves), to throw oneself about, to oscillate', trans. `to make oscillate, to shock' (Att. since A., also Hp., hell. a. late) with σάλευσις ( δια-) f. `oscillation' (Arist. a.o.), σάλευμα n. `id.' (D. Chr.). 2. σαλόομαι `to go with a rocking motion' (EM as explanation of σαλάκων). -- With velar suffix: 1. σάλαξ, - ακος m. `large sieve of mineworkers' (Arist. or Thphr. ap. Poll.), also as Att. name of a potter ( Σάλαχς; Krahe IF 57, 113), - αγξ μεταλλικὸν σκεῦος H.; σαλάκων, - ωνος m. `boaster, swaggerer, dandy' (Arist.; of the varying Ganges) with σαλακων-ία (- εία) f. (Arist., Alciphr.), - ίζω ( δια- Ar.), - ίζομαι, - εύομαι (H., Phot., Suid.); σαλάσσω ( ἐκ-) `to shake' (Nic., AP), prob. directly from σάλος after τινάσσω, ταράσσω a.o. 2. σαλαγέω = σαλάσσω, σαλεύω (Opp., Orac. ap. Luc.), σαλαγή βοή H.; cf. πατα-γέω, - σσω.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Orig. technical word of sailors language; without convincing etymology. A very doubtful hypothesis (Lat. tullius etc.) s. τύλη, τύλος. -- Furnée 256 connects θάλασσα\/* σάλασσα (s.v.) and ζάλη, ζάλος `tornado, whirlpool' and concludes that the word is Pre-Greek. This is confirmed\/shown by the suffixes - αγ-, - ακ-, - αγκ-; cf. σηλαγγεύς (s.v.). -- Lat. LW [loanword] salus, salum ?Page in Frisk: 2,673-674Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σάλος
-
117 σατράπης
σατράπης, - ουGrammatical information: m.Meaning: "satrap", governor of the Persian king (since X.).Derivatives: σατραπ-ικός `belonging to the satrap' (Arist. etc.), f. - ίς (Philostr.), - εύω `to be a satrap, to rule as a satrap' (X. etc.) with - εία, Ion. - ηΐη f. `the office, the province of a satrap, satrapy' (since Hdt.); - εῖα n. pl. `the palace of a satrap' (Hld.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Iran.Etymology: From OIran. * xšaʮra-pā- `protecting the empire' (OP xšaça-pāvan-), from xšaʮra- (s. on κτάομαι) and pāiti (s. on ποιμήν). The not rare, often attested forms in inscriptions ξατρ-, ἐξα(ι)τρ-, ἐξαιθρ- (also σαδρ-) represent partly the OP xš- and the internal dental more exactly (s. Eilers-Mayrhofer Sprache 6, 120 n. 59 [p. 121], Brandenstein Sprachgesch. und Wortbed. 60), but are also folketymolog. conditioned: ἐξατρ- after ἐξ-; cf. Schwyzer 206 a. 329. The αι-diphthong is by Kretschmer Sprache 2, 70 with Lehmann-Haupt P. -W. s. Satrap col. 84 hardly convincingly derived from an unattested OIran. mixed form. -- Cf. also Skt. kṣatrapa- a. o., s. Schmitt ZDMG 117, 131.Page in Frisk: 2,680-681Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σατράπης
-
118 σῆμα
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `sign, symbol, trait, omen, mark, character, feature, gravestone' (Il.).Other forms: Dor. σᾶμα.Compounds: Compp., e.g. σηματ-ουργός m. `mark maker' (A.); often as 2. member with regular transition in the o-stems, e.g. ἄ-σημος, Dor. ἄ-σᾱμος `without signs, unimpressed, unintelligible' (IA., Dor.), isolated ἀ-σήμων `id.' (S.), ἐπί-σημος, Dor. -ᾱ- `provided with a mark' (IA., Dor.), n. - ον `mark, weapon' (Ion. hell. a. late), also -α (Simon., A. a.o.; after σῆμα).Derivatives: 1. the adj. σημα-λέος `sending signs', surn. of Zeus (Paus.), - τόεις `full of gravestones' (AP). 2. the verbs a. σημαίνω, Dor. (Pamphyl.) σᾱμ-, often w. prefix, e.g. ἐπι-, ὑπο-, δια-, ἀπο-, `to give a sign, to denounce, to order' (Il.) with σημάν-τωρ, - τορος m. `commander, ruler, guide' (ep. Il.), des. of a military official (Hdt. 7, 81), `annunciator, announcing' (late poet.; on the meaning Aly Glotta 5, 58 ff.), - τήρ, - τήριον, - τρον, - τρίς, - τρια, - τικός, - σις, also σημασία f. `announcement etc.' (Arist., hell. a. late; Schwyzer 469); b. σηματίζομαι = σημαίνομαι (sch.). 3. Subst. a. dimin. σημάτιον n. (Eust.); b. σημ-εῖον, Ion. -ήϊον, Dor. σᾱμ- n. `sign, mark, standard, signal, signet' (IA., Dor.; as μνημ-εῖον: μνῆμ-α; s. on μιμνήσκω) with - ειώδης `noteworthy' (Arist., hell. a. late), - ειόομαι, - ειόω, also w. ἐπι- a. o., `to note, to notice; to provide with a seal' (Hp., Thphr., hell. a. late), from where - είωσις, - είωμα, - ειωτικός; c. σημ-εία (- έα, - αία) f. `standard, banner' (hell. a. late; after βασιλ-εία etc.; Schwyzer 469, 470 n. 6). 4. PN Σαμιχος m. (Boeot. inscr.) a.o.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The word seems an inherited word, but is without convincing etymology. After Brugmann (e.g. Grundr.1 II 348) identical with Skt. dhyā-man- n. `thought' (late lex.; to dhyā́-yati, -ti `think'); semantic. not really striking. E. Leumann (s. Schwyzer 322 n. 1) compares Sak. (North-Ar.) śśāma `sign'. -- From ἄσημον MPers. asēm `(uncoined) silver', NPers. sīm `(silver) thread'; cf. Bailey Trans. Phil. Soc. 1933, 50.Page in Frisk: 2,695-696Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σῆμα
-
119 σῐδηρος
σῐ́δηροςGrammatical information: m. (f. Nic. Th. 923)Meaning: `iron, steel', also `iron tool, sword, iron weapon etc.', metaph. `(iron) toughness' (Il.).Other forms: Dor. -ᾱρος.Compounds: Compp., e.g. σιδηρό-φρων `iron-minded' (A., E.), σιδηρο-κόντρα f. `hunting spear' (Gortyn, Sagalassos; Zingerle Glotta 19, 80ff.), ὁλο-σίδηρος `made completely of iron' (Attika, Delos a. o.).Derivatives: (Dor. forms not esp. indicated): Subst. 1. σιδήρ-ιον n. `iron tool' (IA., Cret.); 2. - ίσκος m. des. of a medic. instrument (Crete V--IVa; as ὀβελίσκος a. o.; Chantraine Form. 408); 3. - εῖα, - εῖον n. `iron mine' (Arist., Delos etc.); 4. - εύς m. `iron smith' (X. a.o.; Bosshardt 56); 5. - ίτης m., - ῖτις f. `made of iron, iron' (Pi., Eup. a. o.), also name of a stone (Plin., Orph. a.o.) and several plants, "vervain" (J., Dsc. a. o.; as healing wounds by stabbing, s. Strömberg Pfl.namen 89, Redard 61, 76 etc. [s. index]). Adj. 6. - ε(ι)ος, - οῦς, - ιος `iron' (Il.); 7. - ήεις `id.' (Nic.), - όεις (EM), - εόεις (Ep. Alex. Adesp.); 8. - ώδης `id.' (sch.). Verbs; 9. - όομαι, - όω `to be provided with i.' (Th., inscr. etc.) with - ωσις f. `ironwork' (Att. inscr. a. o.), - ώματα n. pl. `iron mountings' (pap. Vp), - ωτός `to stud with i.' ( Edict. Diocl.); 10. - εύω `to work with i., to forge' (Poll.) with - εία f. `ironwork' (X.); 11. - ίζω `to resemble i., to contain i.' (medic.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Unexplained. As iron and use of it reached the Greeks prob. from Asia Minor, the Pontus and Caucasus area, the word prob. came the same way. The similarity with Caucas. (Udian) zido `iron' is therefore perh. not accidental; it is also possible that zido was a loan from σίδηρος. -- The old connection with Lat. sīdus `constellation' (Pott) A. W. Persson tried (s. Kretschmer Glotta 26, 64) to give a new foundation assuming, that σίδηρος orig. referred to meteoric iron. Still diff. Deroy Ant. class. 31, 98 ff. (with further very bold combinations): prop. "the red metall" and with σίδη `pomegranate' from pregr. * sida `red'. Crepajac too KZ 80, 249ff. believes in connection with σίδη, but as Illyr. LW [loanword] (IE *su̯eid- 'gleam, be red'). -- Further lit. on σίδηρος and to the other IE words for `iron' in Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 234ff. -- Furnée 105 n. connects Udian zido and thinks the word is Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,703-704Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σῐδηρος
-
120 στείβω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to tread (on something), to densify by treading, to trod, to trample' (ep. poet. since Λ 534 a. Υ 499).Other forms: only presentst. except aor. κατ-έστειψας (S. OC 467; not quite certain), vbaladj. στιπτός (v. l. - ει-) `trodden solid, solid, hard'(S., Ar.), ἄ- στείβω `untrodden' (S.; also OGI 606?).Derivatives: στοιβή f. `stuffing, cushion, bulge etc.'; often as plantname `Poterium spinosum', of which the leaves were used to fill up (Hp., Ar., Arist., Epid. [IVa] etc.), with στοιβ-ίον `id.' (Dawkins JournofHellStud. 56, 10), - άς = στιβάς, - ηδόν `crammed in' (Arist.-comm.), - άζω, rarely w. δια- a.o., `to fill, to stuff' (Hdt., LXX a.o.), from which - αστός, - αστής, - ασις, - άσιμος, - ασία (hell. a. late). -- Besides zero grade nouns: A. στίβος m. `(trodden) road, path, footstep, trail' (ep. Ion. poet. since h. Merc.; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 318), `fuller's workshop' (pap. IIIa). From this 1. στιβάς, - άδος f. `bed of straw, reed or leaves, mattress, bed, grave' (IA.) with - άδιον n. `id'. (hell. a. late), - αδεύω `to use like straw' (Dsc.). 2. στιβεύς m. `hound' (Opp.), `fuller' (pap.), = ὁδευτής (H.), - εύω `to track' (D. S., Plu., H.), = πορεύεσθαι (H.) with - εία f. `the tracking etc.' (D. S. a.o.), - εῖον n. `fuller's workshop' (pap.), - ευτής m. `hound' (Sostrat. ap. Stob.); also - ίη = - εία (Opp.; metr. cond.). 3. στιβική f. `fuller's tax' (pap. IIIa). 4. στιβάζω `to enter, to track etc.' with - ασις f. (late). 5. ἐστίβηται `has been tracked' perf. pass. (S. Aj. 874; στιβέω or - άω?). 6. ἄ-στιβ-ος `unentered' (AP), usu. - ής `id.' (A., S., also X. a.o.; joined to the εσ-stems and connected with the verb), - ητος `id.' (Lyc. a.o.; cf. ἐστίβηται). 7. Στίβων name of a dog (X. Cyn.). -- B. στιβαρός `solid, compact, massive, strong' (ep. poet. Il., also hell. a. late prose); like βριαρός a.o.; Chantraine Form. 227, also Benveniste Origines 19; cf. also Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 49, - αρηδόν adv. `compact' (opposite σποράδην; late). -- C. With long vowel στί̄βη f. `ripe' (Od., Call.), - ήεις (Call.); on the meaning cf. πάγος, πάχνη to πήγνυμι.Etymology: From the Greek material the essential meaning appears to be the idea `tread (with the feet), make solid, fill up, press together' ( στοιβή, στιβάς, στι-βαρός), from where `tread' with `path, trace, track' ( στείβω, στίβος, στιβεύω). -- Exact agreements outside Greek for στείβω and related στίβος, στιβαρός are missing. Nearest comes Arm. stēp, gen. -oy `frequent, incessant, permanent' (adj. and adv.; on the meaning cf. πυκνός) with stip-em `press, urge', -aw, -ov `quick, diligent(ly)' from IE * stoibo- or * steibo-; so an exampel of the very rare IE b? Beside it with p the Lat. secondary formation stīpāre `press to gether, press, heap, fill up'; here also the Corinth. PN Στίπων (IG 4, 319)? -- To this can be connected in diff. languages on the one hand expressions for `fixed, stiff etc.': Germ., e.g. OE, MHG stīf `stiff, straight', Balt., e.g. Lith. stimpù, stìpti `become stiff or frozen', stiprùs `strong, steady'; on the other hand words for `bar, stalk, post etc.' in Lat. stīpes `pole, stem, bar', stipula `straw' and, with b (IE b as in στείβω), Lith., e.g. stíebas `mast(tree), pillar, stalk etc.', Slav., e.g. Russ. stébelь `stalk' etc. -- Further forms w. rich lit. in WP 2, 646ff., Pok. 1015f., W.-Hofmann s. stīpō, stips, stipula, Fraenkel and Vasmer s. vv. (Not hereVgl. στῖφος, στιφρός.)Page in Frisk: 2,781-782Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στείβω
См. также в других словарях:
εἴα — εἴᾱ , ἐάω suffer imperf ind act 3rd sg (epic) εἴᾱ , ἐάω suffer pres imperat act 2nd sg (epic) εἴᾱ , ἐάω suffer imperf ind act 3rd sg εἴᾱ , ἐάω suffer imperf ind act 3rd sg (epic) … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
εία — εἶα (Α) (επιφώνημα παρακελευσματικό) 1. έλα λοιπόν, εμπρός 2. με άλλα μόρια (π.χ. «εἶα δή» έλα λοιπόν) 3. με το ου σε ερώτηση ισοδυναμεί με προσταγή («οὐκ εἶα πώλοις ἐμβαλόντες ἠνίας... δραμεῑσθε», Ευρ.) … Dictionary of Greek
εἵα — εἴᾱ , ἐάω suffer imperf ind act 3rd sg (epic) εἴᾱ , ἐάω suffer pres imperat act 2nd sg (epic) εἴᾱ , ἐάω suffer imperf ind act 3rd sg … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
εἷα — εἶα , εἶα on! up! away poetic indeclform (exclam) … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
ἐία — ἐΐα , εἶα on! up! away poetic indeclform (exclam) … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
εἶα — on! up! away poetic indeclform (exclam) … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
αμβλύς, -εία, -ύ — 1. αυτός που δεν είναι οξύς, κοφτερός: Το μαχαίρι είναι πια αμβλύ. 2. (στη γεωμετρία), η μεγαλύτερη από την ορθή γωνία λέγεται αμβλεία. 3. αδυνατισμένος, άτονος: Η ακοή του είναι πια αμβλεία … Νέο ερμηνευτικό λεξικό της νεοελληνικής γλώσσας (Новый толковании словарь современного греческого)
βραδύς, -εία, -ύ — επίρρ., βραδέως ο αργός, ο βαρύς, ο δυσκίνητος: Είναι τόσο βραδύς, που του παίρνει ώρες για να τελειώσει οτιδήποτε … Νέο ερμηνευτικό λεξικό της νεοελληνικής γλώσσας (Новый толковании словарь современного греческого)
βραχύς, -εία, -ύ — επίρρ. βραχέως 1. κοντός: Παρόλο που ήταν αξιωματικός του στρατού, είχε εξαιρετικά βραχύ ανάστημα. 2. σύντομος: Όλα έγιναν σε βραχύ χρονικό διάστημα. 3. φρ., «βραχέα φωνήεντα», τα ο, ε· «βραχέα κύματα», κατηγορία ραδιοφωνικών κυμάτων … Νέο ερμηνευτικό λεξικό της νεοελληνικής γλώσσας (Новый толковании словарь современного греческого)
δριμύς, -εία, -ύ — οξύς, τσουχτερός, διαπεραστικός: Δριμύ ψύχος … Νέο ερμηνευτικό λεξικό της νεοελληνικής γλώσσας (Новый толковании словарь современного греческого)
ευθύς, -εία, -ύ — 1. αυτός που έχει τη διεύθυνση της ευθείας, αλλ. ευθύγραμμος, ίσιος. 2. μτφ., ο χωρίς περιστροφές, ο ειλικρινής, ο τίμιος: Άνθρωπος ευθύς … Νέο ερμηνευτικό λεξικό της νεοελληνικής γλώσσας (Новый толковании словарь современного греческого)